151
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Kim JY, Park S, Park SH, Lee D, Kim GH, Noh JE, Lee KJ, Kim GJ. Overexpression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in retinal cells. J Transl Med 2021; 101:51-69. [PMID: 32724163 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays a role in protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from oxidative stress (OS), a causative factor of RPE cell death. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat critical and incurable retinal diseases. Here, we overexpressed PEDF in placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCsPEDF, PEDF+) using a nonviral gene delivery system and evaluated the characteristics of PD-MSCsPEDF and their potential regenerative effects on RPE cells damaged by H2O2-induced OS. PD-MSCsPEDF maintained their stemness, cell surface marker, and differentiation potential characteristics. Compared to naive cells, PD-MSCsPEDF promoted mitochondrial respiration by enhancing biogenesis regulators (e.g., NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM) as well as antioxidant enzymes (e.g., HMOXs, SODs, and GPX1). Compared to OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with naive cells, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF showed PEDF upregulation and VEGF downregulation. The expression levels of antioxidant genes and RPE-specific genes, such as RPE65, RGR, and RRH, were significantly increased in RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF. Furthermore, OS-damaged RPE cells cocultured with PD-MSCsPEDF had dramatically enhanced mitochondrial functions, and antiapoptotic effects improved due to cell survival signaling pathways. In the H2O2-induced retinal degeneration rat model, compared to administration of the naive counterpart, intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF alleviated proinflammatory cytokines and restored retinal structure and function by increasing PEDF expression and decreasing VEGF expression. Intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF also protected retinal degeneration against OS by increasing antioxidant gene expression and regulating the mitochondrial ROS levels and biogenesis. Taken together, PEDF overexpression in PD-MSCs improved the mitochondrial activities and induced OS-damaged RPE cell regeneration by regulating the oxidative status and mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that genetic modification of PEDF in PD-MSCs might be a new cell therapy for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Park
- Paju 365 Veterinary Medical Center, Paju, 10892, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsook Lee
- Hamchoon Women's clinic, Research Center of Fertility & Genetics, Seoul, 06643, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hyun Kim
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Noh
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kea Joo Lee
- Neural Circuits Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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152
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Lv X, Niu H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Cognitive Frailty. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:795-801. [PMID: 34179936 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, frailty and cognitive impairment have become major factors influencing healthy aging in elderly individuals. Frailty is a complicated clinical condition characterized by decreased physiological reserve and multisystem abnormalities. Cognitive frailty is a subtype of frailty that has aroused widespread concern among the scientific community and public health organizations. We herein review the pathogenesis of cognitive frailty, such as chronic inflammatory response, immunological hypofunction, imbalanced oxidative stress, reduced regenerative function, endocrine dysfunction, and energy metabolism disorder. Although existing interventions show some therapeutic effects, they do not meet the current clinical needs. To date, studies using stem cell technology for treating age-related diseases have achieved remarkable success. This suggests the possibility of applying stem cell treatment to cognitive frailty. We analyzed stem cell-based strategies for targeting anti-inflammation, antioxidation, regeneration, and immunoregulation using mesenchymal stem cells, as well as potential therapeutic targets for cognitive frailty. Based on this investigation, we propose a highly effective and low-cost stem cell-based replacement strategy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the prospect of stem cell transplantation for improving cognitive frailty. In this review, we aim to provide the scientific background and a theoretical basis for testing cell therapy in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lv
- Huiyan Niu, 36 Sanhao street, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China, Tel :+86 18940255686,
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153
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Vasanthan J, Gurusamy N, Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Kirankumar S, Thomas EL, Rajasingh J. Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy. Cells 2020; 10:E54. [PMID: 33396426 PMCID: PMC7823630 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which can proliferate and replace dead cells in the body. MSCs also secrete immunomodulatory molecules, creating a regenerative microenvironment that has an excellent potential for tissue regeneration. MSCs can be easily isolated and grown in vitro for various applications. For the past two decades, MSCs have been used in research, and many assays and tests have been developed proving that MSCs are an excellent cell source for therapy. This review focusses on quality control parameters required for applications of MSCs including colony formation, surface markers, differentiation potentials, and telomere length. Further, the specific mechanisms of action of MSCs under various conditions such as trans-differentiation, cell fusion, mitochondrial transfer, and secretion of extracellular vesicles are discussed. This review aims to underline the applications and benefits of MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavardini Vasanthan
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
| | - Shivaani Kirankumar
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (J.V.); (N.G.); (S.R.); (V.S.); (S.K.); (E.L.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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154
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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Present Alternative for High-Incidence Diseases, Even SARS-Cov-2. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8892189. [PMID: 33414832 PMCID: PMC7769649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), defined as plastic adherent cells with multipotent differentiation capacity in vitro, are an emerging and valuable tool to treat a plethora of diseases due to their therapeutic mechanisms such as their paracrine activity, mitochondrial and organelle transfer, and transfer of therapeutic molecules via exosomes. Nowadays, there are more than a thousand registered clinical trials related to MSC application around the world, highlighting MSC role on difficult-to-treat high-incidence diseases such as the current COVID-19, HIV infections, and autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Here, we summarize a general overview of MSCs and their therapeutic mechanisms; also, we discuss some of the novel clinical trial protocols and their results as well as a comparison between the number of registries, countries, and search portals.
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155
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Introna M, Golay J. Tolerance to Bone Marrow Transplantation: Do Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Still Have a Future for Acute or Chronic GvHD? Front Immunol 2020; 11:609063. [PMID: 33362797 PMCID: PMC7759493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are fibroblast-like cells of mesodermal origin present in many tissues and which have the potential to differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts. They also have a clear immunosuppressive and tissue regeneration potential. Indeed, the initial classification of MSCs as pluripotent stem cells, has turned into their identification as stromal progenitors. Due to the relatively simple procedures available to expand in vitro large numbers of GMP grade MSCs from a variety of different tissues, many clinical trials have tested their therapeutic potential in vivo. One pathological condition where MSCs have been quite extensively tested is steroid resistant (SR) graft versus host disease (GvHD), a devastating condition that may occur in acute or chronic form following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The clinical and experimental results obtained have outlined a possible efficacy of MSCs, but unfortunately statistical significance in clinical studies has only rarely been reached and effects have been relatively limited in most cases. Nonetheless, the extremely complex pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of GvHD, the fact that studies have been conducted often in patients who had been previously treated with multiple lines of therapy, the variable MSC doses and schedules administered in different trials, the lack of validated potency assays and clear biomarkers, the difference in MSC sources and production methods may have been major factors for this lack of clear efficacy in vivo. The heterogeneity of MSCs and their different stromal differentiation potential and biological activity may be better understood through more refined single cell sequencing and proteomic studies, where either an “anti-inflammatory” or a more “immunosuppressive” profile can be identified. We summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of acute and chronic GvHD and the role for MSCs. We suggest that systematic controlled clinical trials still need to be conducted in the most promising clinical settings, using better characterized cells and measuring efficacy with specific biomarkers, before strong conclusions can be drawn about the therapeutic potential of these cells in this context. The same analysis should be applied to other inflammatory, immune or degenerative diseases where MSCs may have a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Haematology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Division of Haematology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.,Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale Maggiore, Bergamo, Italy
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156
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Mohammadalipour A, Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Transfer and Regulators of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function and Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603292. [PMID: 33365311 PMCID: PMC7750467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) metabolism plays a crucial role in the surrounding microenvironment in both normal physiology and pathological conditions. While MSCs predominantly utilize glycolysis in their native hypoxic niche within the bone marrow, new evidence reveals the importance of upregulation in mitochondrial activity in MSC function and differentiation. Mitochondria and mitochondrial regulators such as sirtuins play key roles in MSC homeostasis and differentiation into mature lineages of the bone and hematopoietic niche, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. The metabolic state of MSCs represents a fine balance between the intrinsic needs of the cellular state and constraints imposed by extrinsic conditions. In the context of injury and inflammation, MSCs respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial products, by donation of their mitochondria to injured cells. Through intercellular mitochondria trafficking, modulation of ROS, and modification of nutrient utilization, endogenous MSCs and MSC therapies are believed to exert protective effects by regulation of cellular metabolism in injured tissues. Similarly, these same mechanisms can be hijacked in malignancy whereby transfer of mitochondria and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to cancer cells increases mitochondrial content and enhances oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to favor proliferation and invasion. The role of MSCs in tumor initiation, growth, and resistance to treatment is debated, but their ability to modify cancer cell metabolism and the metabolic environment suggests that MSCs are centrally poised to alter malignancy. In this review, we describe emerging evidence for adaptations in MSC bioenergetics that orchestrate developmental fate decisions and contribute to cancer progression. We discuss evidence and potential strategies for therapeutic targeting of MSC mitochondria in regenerative medicine and tissue repair. Lastly, we highlight recent progress in understanding the contribution of MSCs to metabolic reprogramming of malignancies and how these alterations can promote immunosuppression and chemoresistance. Better understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming by MSCs in tissue repair and cancer progression promises to broaden treatment options in regenerative medicine and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohammadalipour
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Immunology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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157
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Comparison of similar cells: Mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151634. [PMID: 33059115 PMCID: PMC7550172 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Almost from all organs, both mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts can be isolated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most preferred cellular therapeutic agents with the regenerative potential, and fibroblasts are one of the most abundant cell types with the ability to maintain homeostasis. Because of the promising properties of MSCs, they have been well studied and their differentiation potentials, immunomodulatory potentials, gene expression profiles are identified. It has been observed that fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells have similar morphology, gene expression patterns, surface markers, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacities. Thus, it is hard to distinguish these two cell types. Epigenetic signatures, i.e., methylation patterns of cells, are the only usable promising difference between them. Such significant similarities show that these two cells may be related to each other.
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158
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Liu X, Khouri-Farah N, Wu CH, Wu GY. Targeted delivery of mitochondria to the liver in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:2241-2247. [PMID: 32386240 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mitochondrial damage is commonly involved in liver injury. We have previously shown that normal mitochondria can be coated with a carrier protein to form complexes that are specifically taken up by liver cells in culture. The aim of the current study was to determine whether mitochondrial complexes could be specifically delivered to the livers of living rats by intravenous injection. METHODS Mitochondria were harvested from fresh mouse liver, mixed with an asialoglycoprotein-based carrier, asialoorosomucoid-polylysine (AsOR-PL), and purified to form complexes. To facilitate the release of internalized mitochondria from endosomes, an endosomolytic peptide, listeriolysin O (LLO), was coupled to AsOR to form AsOR-LLO. Mitochondria alone, mitochondrial complexes with AsOR-PL, and mitochondrial complexes plus AsOR-LLO conjugate all containing the same number of mitochondria were injected intravenously. Animals were killed, and organs were removed and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of mouse mitochondrial DNA, electron microscopy (EM), and in situ polymerase chain reaction and hybridization followed by immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Calculations revealed that approximately 27% of the total injected mitochondria was detected in the liver, while less than 2% was found in spleen, and < 1% in lungs. Immunohistochemistry showed that mouse mitochondrial DNA staining was minimal with mitochondrial complexes alone, strong periportal with mitochondrial complexes co-injected with AsOR-LLO, and absent with mitochondria alone. CONCLUSIONS Targetable mitochondrial complexes can be delivered to rat liver, and the efficiency of that process is greatly enhanced by co-injection of a targetable endosomal release agent, AsOR-LLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nagham Khouri-Farah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine H Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Y Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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159
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders: Exploring mitochondrial transplantation. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 33298971 PMCID: PMC7683736 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental for metabolic homeostasis in all multicellular eukaryotes. In the nervous system, mitochondria-generated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required to establish appropriate electrochemical gradients and reliable synaptic transmission. Notably, several mitochondrial defects have been identified in central nervous system disorders. Membrane leakage and electrolyte imbalances, pro-apoptotic pathway activation, and mitophagy are among the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, as well as ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize mitochondrial pathways that contribute to disease progression. Further, we discuss pathological states that damaged mitochondria impose on normal nervous system processes and explore new therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial diseases.
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160
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Qiu H, Qian T, Wu T, Wang X, Zhu C, Chen C, Wang L. Umbilical cord blood cells for the treatment of preterm white matter injury: Potential effects and treatment options. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:778-792. [PMID: 33207392 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global public health problem. A large number of preterm infants survive with preterm white matter injury (PWMI), which leads to neurological deficits, and has multifaceted etiology, clinical course, monitoring, and outcomes. The principal upstream insults leading to PWMI initiation are hypoxia-ischemia and infection and/or inflammation and the key target cells are late oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Current PWMI treatments are mainly supportive, and thus have little effect in terms of protecting the immature brain or repairing injury to improve long-term outcomes. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells comprise abundant immunomodulatory and stem cells, which have the potential to reduce brain injury, mainly due to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms, and also through their release of neurotrophic or growth factors to promote endogenous neurogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize PWMI pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and the specific properties of different cell types in UCB. We further explore the potential mechanism by which UCB can be used to treat PWMI, and discuss the advantages of and potential issues related to UCB cell therapy. Finally, we suggest potential future studies of UCB cell therapy in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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161
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Choudhery MS, Harris DT. Stem cell therapy for COVID-19: Possibilities and challenges. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2182-2191. [PMID: 32767687 PMCID: PMC7436138 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its eruption in China, novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been reported in most of the countries and territories (>200) of the world with ∼18 million confirmed cases (as of August 3, 2020). In most of the countries, COVID-19 upsurge is uncontrolled with a significant mortality rate. Currently, no treatment effective for COVID-19 is available in the form of vaccines or antiviral drugs and patients are currently treated symptomatically. Although the majority of the patients develop mild symptoms and recover without mechanical ventilation for respiratory management, severe respiratory illness develops in a significant portion of affected patients and may result in death. While the scientific community is working to develop vaccines and drugs against the COVID-19 pandemic, novel alternative therapies may reduce the mortality rate. Recent use of stem cells for critically ill COVID-19 patients in a small group of patients in China and subsequent Emergency Use Authorization of stem cells by Food and Drug Administration to Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research and Athersys has created excitement among the medical community. As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for COVID-19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage, and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. In this brief review, the possibilities of stem cell use in COVID-19 patients and relevant challenges in their use have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S. Choudhery
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical SciencesKing Edward Medical UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - David T. Harris
- Department of ImmunobiologyThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
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162
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Stem cell plasticity and regenerative potential regulation through Ca 2+-mediated mitochondrial nuclear crosstalk. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:1-14. [PMID: 33059088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-lineage differentiation potential is one of the prominent mechanisms through which stem cells can repair damaged tissues. The regenerative potential of stem cells is the manifestation of several changes at the structural and molecular levels in stem cells that are regulated through intricate mitochondrial-nuclear interactions maintained by Ca2+ ion signaling. Despite the exhilarating evidences strengthening the versatile and indispensible role of Ca2+ in regulating mitochondrial-nuclear interactions, the extensive details of signaling mechanisms remains largely unexplored. In this review we have discussed the effect of Ca2+ ion mediated mitochondrial-nuclear interactions participating in stem plasticity and its regenerative potential.
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163
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Lu M, Guo J, Wu B, Zhou Y, Wu M, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer: a Therapeutic Approach for Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:212-229. [PMID: 32975692 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of stroke-induced neuronal death, and maintaining mitochondrial function is essential in cell survival and neurological progress following ischemic stroke. Stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer represents an emerging therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can directly transfer healthy mitochondria to damaged cells, and rescue mitochondrial damage-provoked tissue degeneration. This review summarizes the research on MSCs-mediated mitochondrial transfer as a therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jindong Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Mishan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China. .,Department of Formulaology, Basic Medicine College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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164
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Bagheri HS, Bani F, Tasoglu S, Zarebkohan A, Rahbarghazi R, Sokullu E. Mitochondrial donation in translational medicine; from imagination to reality. J Transl Med 2020; 18:367. [PMID: 32977804 PMCID: PMC7517067 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of active crosstalk between cells in a paracrine and juxtacrine manner dictates specific activity under physiological and pathological conditions. Upon juxtacrine interaction between the cells, various types of signaling molecules and organelles are regularly transmitted in response to changes in the microenvironment. To date, it has been well-established that numerous parallel cellular mechanisms participate in the mitochondrial transfer to modulate metabolic needs in the target cells. Since the conception of stem cells activity in the restoration of tissues’ function, it has been elucidated that these cells possess a unique capacity to deliver the mitochondrial package to the juxtaposed cells. The existence of mitochondrial donation potentiates the capacity of modulation in the distinct cells to achieve better therapeutic effects. This review article aims to scrutinize the current knowledge regarding the stem cell’s mitochondrial transfer capacity and their regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Saghaei Bagheri
- School of Medicine, Biophysics Department, Koç University, Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM) Rumeli Feneri, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farhad Bani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM) Rumeli Feneri, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Koç University, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Daneshgah St., 51666-14756, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Biophysics Department, Koç University, Rumeli Fener, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM) Rumeli Feneri, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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165
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Mirershadi F, Ahmadi M, Rezabakhsh A, Rajabi H, Rahbarghazi R, Keyhanmanesh R. Unraveling the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells in asthma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32933587 PMCID: PMC7493154 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, chronic inflammatory response, and excessive structural remodeling. The current therapeutic strategies in asthmatic patients are based on controlling the activity of type 2 T helper lymphocytes in the pulmonary tissue. However, most of the available therapies are symptomatic and expensive and with diverse side outcomes in which the interruption of these modalities contributes to the relapse of asthmatic symptoms. Up to date, different reports highlighted the advantages and beneficial outcomes regarding the transplantation of different stem cell sources, and relevant products from for the diseases' alleviation and restoration of injured sites. However, efforts to better understand by which these cells elicit therapeutic effects are already underway. The precise understanding of these mechanisms will help us to translate stem cells into the clinical setting. In this review article, we described current knowledge and future perspectives related to the therapeutic application of stem cell-based therapy in animal models of asthma, with emphasis on the underlying therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirershadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51548-53431, Iran.
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran. .,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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166
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Shanmughapriya S, Langford D, Natarajaseenivasan K. Inter and Intracellular mitochondrial trafficking in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101128. [PMID: 32712108 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glia maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through diverse mechanisms of intra- and intercellular signaling. Some of these interactions include the exchange of soluble factors between cells via direct cell-to-cell contact for both short and long-distance transfer of biological materials. Transcellular transfer of mitochondria has emerged as a key example of this communication. This transcellular transfer of mitochondria are dynamically involved in the cellular and tissue response to CNS injury and play beneficial roles in recovery. This review highlights recent research addressing the cause and effect of intra- and intercellular mitochondrial transfer with a specific focus on the future of mitochondrial transplantation therapy. We believe that mitochondrial transfer plays a crucial role during bioenergetic crisis/deficit, but the quality, quantity and mode of mitochondrial transfer determines the protective capacity for the receiving cells. Mitochondrial transplantation is a new treatment paradigm and will overcome the major bottleneck of traditional approach of correcting mitochondria-related disorders.
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167
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Liu D, Dong Z, Wang J, Tao Y, Sun X, Yao X. The existence and function of mitochondrial component in extracellular vesicles. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:122-127. [PMID: 32861876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial components through extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, is an area of intense interest. The cargos that are carried by EVs define their biological activities. Mitochondria are in charge of bioenergetics and maintenance of cell viability. Increasing evidences indicate the presence of intact mitochondria or mitochondrial components in EVs, which raises many questions, how they are engulfed into EVs and what do they do? Here, we present what is currently known about the presence and function of various mitochondrial constituent in EVs. We also review current understanding about how and why mitochondrial components are encapsulated into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhanchen Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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168
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Mitochondrial transfer from bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to chondrocytes protects against cartilage degenerative mitochondrial dysfunction in rats chondrocytes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:212-218. [PMID: 32858593 PMCID: PMC7817337 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). However, studies that improve mitochondrial function are rare in OA. Mitochondrial transfer from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to OA chondrocytes might be a cell-based therapy for the improvement of mitochondrial function to prevent cartilage degeneration. This study aimed to determine whether MSCs can donate mitochondria and protect the mitochondrial function and therefore reduce cartilage degeneration. Methods Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) were harvested from the marrow cavities of femurs and tibia in young rats. OA chondrocytes were gathered from the femoral and tibial plateau in old OA model rats. BM-MSCs and OA chondrocytes were co-cultured and mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs to chondrocytes was identified. Chondrocytes with mitochondria transferred from BM-MSCs were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mitochondrial function of these cells, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzymes, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were quantified and compared to OA chondrocytes without mitochondrial transfer. Chondrocytes proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion ability were also analyzed between the two groups. Results Mitochondrial transfer was found from BM-MSCs to OA chondrocytes. Chondrocytes with mitochondrial from MSCs (MSCs + OA group) showed increased mitochondrial membrane potential compared with OA chondrocytes without mitochondria transfer (OA group) (1.79 ± 0.19 vs. 0.71 ± 0.12, t = 10.42, P < 0.0001). The activity of MRC enzymes, including MRC complex I, II, III, and citrate synthase was also improved (P < 0.05). The content of ATP in MSCs + OA group was significantly higher than that in OA group (161.90 ± 13.49 vs. 87.62 ± 11.07 nmol/mg, t = 8.515, P < 0.0001). Meanwhile, we observed decreased cell apoptosis (7.09% ± 0.68% vs.15.89% ± 1.30%, t = 13.39, P < 0.0001) and increased relative secretion of type II collagen (2.01 ± 0.14 vs.1.06 ± 0.11, t = 9.141, P = 0.0008) and proteoglycan protein (2.08 ± 0.20 vs. 0.97 ± 0.12, t = 8.227, P = 0.0012) in MSCs + OA group, contrasted with OA group. Conclusions Mitochondrial transfer from BM-MSCs provided protection for OA chondrocytes against mitochondrial dysfunction and degeneration through improving mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis in chondrocytes. This finding may offer a new therapeutic direction for OA.
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169
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Balcázar M, Cañizares S, Borja T, Pontón P, Bisiou S, Carabasse E, Bacilieri A, Canavese C, Diaz RF, Cabrera F, Caicedo A. Bases for Treating Skin Aging With Artificial Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplant (AMT/T). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:919. [PMID: 32903493 PMCID: PMC7438394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of mitochondria as only the powerhouse of the cell has dramatically changed in the last decade. It is now accepted that in addition to being essential intracellularly, mitochondria can promote cellular repair when transferred from healthy to damaged cells. The artificial mitochondria transfer/transplant (AMT/T) group of techniques emulate this naturally occurring process and have been used to develop therapies to treat a range of diseases including cardiac and neurodegenerative. Mitochondria accumulate damage with time, resulting in cellular senescence. Skin cells and its mitochondria are profoundly affected by ultraviolet radiation and other factors that induce premature and accelerated aging. In this article, we propose the basis to use AMT/T to treat skin aging by transferring healthy mitochondria to senescent cells, possibly revitalizing them. We provide insightful information about how skin structure, components, and cells could age rapidly depending on the amount of damage received. Arguments are shown in favor of the use of AMT/T to treat aging skin and its cells, among them the possibility to stop free radical production, add new genetic material, and provide an energetic boost to help cells prolong their viability over time. This article intends to present one of the many aspects in which mitochondria could be used as a universal treatment for cell and tissue damage and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Balcázar
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stalin Cañizares
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Borja
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Voz Andes, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Pontón
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Voz Andes, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sirivanh Bisiou
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Carabasse
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Angela Bacilieri
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Celia Canavese
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Ramiro F Diaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Cabrera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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170
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Gupta A, Kashte S, Gupta M, Rodriguez HC, Gautam SS, Kadam S. Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective. Hum Cell 2020; 33:907-918. [PMID: 32780299 PMCID: PMC7418088 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause for the COVID-19 infection-related morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical evidences suggest increased level of cytokines and chemokines targeting lung tissue as a prominent etiological factor. The immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the alternative therapy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is well known. Several studies have also revealed that similar therapeutic impacts of parent MSCs are also exhibited by MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. In this review, we explored the therapeutic potential of both MSCs and exosomes in mitigating the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm as well as promoting the regeneration of alveolar tissue, attributed to the intrinsic cytokines and growth factor present in the secretome. The preliminary studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of MSCs and exosomes in mitigating symptoms associated with COVID-19. Thus, they can be used on compassionate basis, owing to their ability to endogenously repair and decrease the inflammatory reactions involved in the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. However, more preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to understand their mechanism of action and further establish their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA.,BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA, USA.,South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA.,Veterans in Pain, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivaji Kashte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed To Be University), Kolhapur, 416006, India
| | - Manu Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
| | - Hugo C Rodriguez
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA.,South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA.,School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Sachin Kadam
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed To Be University), Kolhapur, 416006, India. .,Advancells Group, Noida, A-102, Sector 5, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India.
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171
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Fan XL, Zhang Y, Li X, Fu QL. Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2771-2794. [PMID: 31965214 PMCID: PMC7223321 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of action including differentiation into multiple cell lineages and regulation of immune responses via immunomodulation. The plasticity of MSCs in immunomodulation allow these cells to exert different immune effects depending on different diseases. Understanding the biology of MSCs and their role in treatment is critical to determine their potential for various therapeutic applications and for the development of MSC-based regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the recent progress of particular mechanisms underlying the tissue regenerative properties and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. We focused on discussing the functional roles of paracrine activities, direct cell-cell contact, mitochondrial transfer, and extracellular vesicles related to MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and regeneration. This will provide an overview of the current research on the rapid development of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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172
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Robinson MJ, Krasnodembskaya AD. Therapeutic targeting of metabolic alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/200114. [PMID: 32620587 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0114-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a significant source of mortality in critically ill patients. Characterised by acute, widespread alveolar inflammation and pulmonary oedema, its pathophysiological heterogeneity has meant that targeted treatments have remained elusive. Metabolomic analysis has made initial steps in characterising the underlying metabolic derangements of ARDS as an indicator of phenotypical class and has identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles have shown significant promise as potential therapies in delivering mitochondria in order to redivert metabolism onto physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew John Robinson
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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173
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Mitochondrial Transfer as a Therapeutic Strategy Against Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1214-1228. [PMID: 32592024 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating disease that remains the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite accumulating knowledge of the disease pathology, treatments for stroke are limited, and clinical translation of the neuroprotective agents has not been a complete success. Accumulating evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction to brain impairments after stroke. Recent studies have implicated the important roles of healthy mitochondria in neuroprotection and neural recovery following ischemic stroke. New and convincing studies have shown that mitochondrial transfer to the damaged cells can help revive cells energetic in the recipient cells. Hence, mitochondrial transplantation has shown to replace impaired or dysfunctional mitochondria with exogenous healthy mitochondria after ischemic stroke. We highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer by stem cells as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. This review captures the recent advances in the mitochondrial transfer as a novel and promising treatment for ischemic stroke.
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174
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Jiang D, Chen FX, Zhou H, Lu YY, Tan H, Yu SJ, Yuan J, Liu H, Meng W, Jin ZB. Bioenergetic Crosstalk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and various Ocular Cells through the intercellular trafficking of Mitochondria. Theranostics 2020; 10:7260-7272. [PMID: 32641991 PMCID: PMC7330858 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mitochondrial disorders preferentially affect tissues with high energy requirements, such as the retina and corneal endothelium, in human eyes. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment has been demonstrated to be beneficial for ocular degeneration. However, aside from neuroprotective paracrine actions, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of MSCs on retinal and corneal tissues are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fate and associated characteristics of mitochondria subjected to intercellular transfer from MSCs to ocular cells. Methods: MSCs were cocultured with corneal endothelial cells (CECs), 661W cells (a photoreceptor cell line) and ARPE-19 cells (a retinal pigment epithelium cell line). Immunofluorescence, fluorescence activated cell sorting and confocal microscopy imaging were employed to investigate the traits of intercellular mitochondrial transfer and the fate of transferred mitochondria. The oxygen consumption rate of recipient cells was measured to investigate the effect of intercellular mitochondrial transfer. Transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the expression of metabolic genes in recipient cells with donated mitochondria. Results: Mitochondrial transport is a ubiquitous intercellular mechanism between MSCs and various ocular cells, including the corneal endothelium, retinal pigmented epithelium, and photoreceptors. Additionally, our results indicate that the donation process depends on F-actin-based tunneling nanotubes. Rotenone-pretreated cells that received mitochondria from MSCs displayed increased aerobic capacity and upregulation of mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, living imaging determined the ultimate fate of transferred mitochondria through either degradation by lysosomes or exocytosis as extracellular vesicles. Conclusions: For the first time, we determined the characteristics and fate of mitochondria undergoing intercellular transfer from MSCs to various ocular cells through F-actin-based tunneling nanotubes, helping to characterize MSC-based treatment for ocular tissue regeneration.
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175
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Suvakov S, Richards C, Nikolic V, Simic T, McGrath K, Krasnodembskaya A, McClements L. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Preeclampsia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:37. [PMID: 32291521 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preeclampsia is a dangerous pregnancy condition affecting both the mother and offspring. It is a multifactorial disease with poorly understood pathogenesis, lacking effective treatments. Maternal immune response, inflammation and oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction are the most prominent pathogenic processes implicated in preeclampsia development. Here, we give a detailed overview of the therapeutic applications and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as a potential new treatment for preeclampsia. RECENT FINDINGS MSCs have gained growing attention due to low immunogenicity, easy cultivation and expansion in vitro. Accumulating evidence now suggests that MSCs act primarily through their secretomes facilitating paracrine signalling that leads to potent immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic and regenerative therapeutic effects. MSCs have been studied in different animal models of preeclampsia demonstrating promising result, which support further investigations into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of MSC-based therapies in preeclampsia, steering these therapies into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suvakov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - C Richards
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - V Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - T Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - A Krasnodembskaya
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - L McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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176
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Tunneling Nanotubes and the Eye: Intercellular Communication and Implications for Ocular Health and Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7246785. [PMID: 32352005 PMCID: PMC7171654 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7246785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular communication is an essential process for the development and maintenance of all tissues including the eye. Recently, a new method of cellular communication has been described, which relies on formation of tubules, called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). These structures connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allow the direct transport of cellular cargo between cells without the need for secretion into the extracellular milieu. TNTs may be an important mechanism for signaling between cells that reside long distances from each other or for cells in aqueous environments, where diffusion-based signaling is challenging. Given the wide range of cargoes transported, such as lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, viruses, and miRNAs, TNTs may play a role in normal homeostatic processes in the eye as well as function in ocular disease. This review will describe TNT cellular communication in ocular cell cultures and the mammalian eye in vivo, the role of TNTs in mitochondrial transport with an emphasis on mitochondrial eye diseases, and molecules involved in TNT biogenesis and their function in eyes, and finally, we will describe TNT formation in inflammation, cancer, and stem cells, focusing on pathological processes of particular interest to vision scientists.
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Fiori A, Hammes HP, Bieback K. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reverse high glucose-induced reduction of angiogenesis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:261-275. [PMID: 32247542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by a progressive alteration of the retinal microvasculature, arising from microaneurysms to leaky vessels and finally abnormal neovascularization. The hyperglycemia-mediated loss of pericytes is a key event in vessel degeneration causing vascular destabilization. To overcome this, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested as pericyte replacement in several animal models showing repair and regeneration of DR-damaged vasculature. METHODS We hypothesized that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) resist high glucose-induced challenges and protect human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs) from glucose-mediated injury. ASCs and HRMVECs were cultured under normal-glucose (NG; 1 g/L) and high-glucose (HG; 4.5 g/L) conditions comparing their phenotype and angiogenic potential. RESULTS Whereas ASCs were generally unaffected by HG, HG caused a reduction of the angiogenic potential in HRMVEC. Indeed, HG-treated HRMVECs formed fewer vascular tube structures in a basement membrane angiogenesis assay. However, this was not observed in a direct ASC and HRMVEC coculture angiogenesis assay. Increased oxidative stress levels appeared to be linked to the HG-induced reduction of angiogenesis, which could be restored by ASC-conditioned medium and antioxidant treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ASC resist HG-stress whereas endothelial cell angiogenic capacity is reduced. Thus, ASC may be potentially therapeutically active in DR by restoring angiogenic deficits in retinal endothelial cells by the secretion of proangiogenic factors. However, these data also inquire for a thorough risk assessment about the timing of the ASC-based cell therapy, which can be considered advantageous at early stage of DR, but possibly detrimental at the late neo-angiogenic stage of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Endocrinology Department, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Mannheim, Germany; Flow Core Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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178
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Enciso N, Avedillo L, Fermín ML, Fragío C, Tejero C. Regenerative potential of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells in canine cutaneous wounds. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:13. [PMID: 32164768 PMCID: PMC7066838 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-0511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have generated a great amount of interest over the past decade as a novel therapeutic treatment for a variety of diseases. Emerging studies have indicated that MSCs could enhance the repair of injured skin in canine cutaneous wounds. CASE PRESENTATION A healthy 2 years old Bodeguero Andaluz dog was presented with multiple skin bite wounds. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy was administered for 8 days. On day three, 107 allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) were intradermally injected approximately equidistant to the ASCs treated wounds. Control wounds underwent conventional treatment with a topical antibacterial ointment until wound healing and closure. Wounds, skin morphology and healing progress were monitored via serial photographs and histopathology of biopsies obtained at day seven after ASC treatment. Histopathology revealed absence of inflammatory infiltrates and presence of multiple hair follicles in contrast to the non-ASCs treated control wounds indicating that ASC treatment promoted epidermal and dermal regeneration. ASCs were identified by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The immunomodulatory role of ASCs was evidenced by coculturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells with allogeneic ASCs. Phytohemagglutinin was administered to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. Cells were harvested and stained with an anticanine CD3-FITC antibody. The ASCs inhibited proliferation of T lymphocytes, which was quantified by reduction of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester intensity using flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Compared with conventional treatment, wounds treated with ASCs showed a higher regenerative capacity with earlier and faster closure in this dog.
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179
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Gomez-Salazar M, Gonzalez-Galofre ZN, Casamitjana J, Crisan M, James AW, Péault B. Five Decades Later, Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells Still Relevant? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:148. [PMID: 32185170 PMCID: PMC7058632 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are culture-derived mesodermal progenitors isolatable from all vascularized tissues. In spite of multiple fundamental, pre-clinical and clinical studies, the native identity and role in tissue repair of MSCs have long remained elusive, with MSC selection in vitro from total cell suspensions essentially unchanged as a mere primary culture for half a century. Recent investigations have helped understand the tissue origin of these progenitor cells, and uncover alternative effects of MSCs on tissue healing via growth factor secretion and interaction with the immune system. In this review, we describe current trends in MSC biology and discuss how these may improve the use of these therapeutic cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gomez-Salazar
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zaniah N Gonzalez-Galofre
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Casamitjana
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron W James
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bruno Péault
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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180
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Jiang MJ, Gu DN, Dai JJ, Huang Q, Tian L. Dark Side of Cytotoxic Therapy: Chemoradiation-Induced Cell Death and Tumor Repopulation. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:419-431. [PMID: 32348737 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated tumor repopulation following chemoradiation is often observed in the clinic, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, dying cells caused by chemoradiation have attracted much attention, and they may manifest diverse forms of cell death and release complex factors and thus orchestrate tumor repopulation cascades. Dying cells potentiate the survival of residual living tumor cells, remodel the tumor microenvironment, boost cell proliferation, and accelerate cancer cell metastasis. Moreover, dying cells also mediate the side effects of chemoradiation. These findings suggest more caution when weighing the benefits of cytotoxic therapy and the need to accordingly develop new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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181
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Barzegari A, Nouri M, Gueguen V, Saeedi N, Pavon‐Djavid G, Omidi Y. Mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant mito‐TEMPO alleviate oxidative stress induced by antimycin A in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5628-5636. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité Villetaneuse France
| | - Nazli Saeedi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Graciela Pavon‐Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité Villetaneuse France
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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182
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Missoum A. Recent Updates on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Therapy for Acute Renal Failure. Curr Urol 2020; 13:189-199. [PMID: 31998051 DOI: 10.1159/000499272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury, formerly known as acute renal failure, is a pathological condition in which ischemia or toxic damage contributes to the loss of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Pathophysiological events such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and direct renal tubular epithelial cells toxicity are responsible for the progression of the disease. This devastating decline in renal function affects mostly patients in the intensive care units and requires costly and invasive treatments such as dialysis and organ transplant. Fortunately, recent therapies such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were proven to be effective in ameliorating renal failure via paracrine and immunomodulatory mechanisms. These fibroblast-like adult stem cells that differentiate multilineagely can be isolated from dental pulps, umbilical cords, amniotic fluids, adipose tissues, and bone marrows. Depending on their sources, the therapeutical application of each MSC type has its own capacities, advantages, and drawbacks. The review discusses and compares the latest research studies on the use of different MSCs sources to treat renal failure. Concerns about the future clinical application of MSCs such as homing, toxicity, and the risk of immune rejection are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Missoum
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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183
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Aghapour M, Remels AHV, Pouwels SD, Bruder D, Hiemstra PS, Cloonan SM, Heijink IH. Mitochondria: at the crossroads of regulating lung epithelial cell function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L149-L164. [PMID: 31693390 PMCID: PMC6985875 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00329.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in mitochondrial structure and function in lung epithelial cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such disturbances affect not only cellular energy metabolism but also alter a range of indispensable cellular homeostatic functions in which mitochondria are known to be involved. These range from cellular differentiation, cell death pathways, and cellular remodeling to physical barrier function and innate immunity, all of which are known to be impacted by exposure to cigarette smoke and have been linked to COPD pathogenesis. Next to their well-established role as the first physical frontline against external insults, lung epithelial cells are immunologically active. Malfunctioning epithelial cells with defective mitochondria are unable to maintain homeostasis and respond adequately to further stress or injury, which may ultimately shape the phenotype of lung diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of cigarette smoke on the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the lung epithelium and highlight the consequences for cell function, innate immune responses, epithelial remodeling, and epithelial barrier function in COPD. We also discuss the applicability and potential therapeutic value of recently proposed strategies for the restoration of mitochondrial function in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghapour
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control, and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany and Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander H V Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon D Pouwels
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control, and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany and Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Stanford I, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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184
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Grigorian Shamagian L, Madonna R, Taylor D, Climent AM, Prosper F, Bras-Rosario L, Bayes-Genis A, Ferdinandy P, Fernández-Avilés F, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Fuster V, Bolli R. Perspectives on Directions and Priorities for Future Preclinical Studies in Regenerative Medicine. Circ Res 2019; 124:938-951. [PMID: 30870121 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The myocardium consists of numerous cell types embedded in organized layers of ECM (extracellular matrix) and requires an intricate network of blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves to provide nutrients and electrical coupling to the cells. Although much of the focus has been on cardiomyocytes, these cells make up <40% of cells within a healthy adult heart. Therefore, repairing or regenerating cardiac tissue by merely reconstituting cardiomyocytes is a simplistic and ineffective approach. In fact, when an injury occurs, cardiac tissue organization is disrupted at the level of the cells, the tissue architecture, and the coordinated interaction among the cells. Thus, reconstitution of a functional tissue must reestablish electrical and mechanical communication between cardiomyocytes and restore their surrounding environment. It is also essential to restore distinctive myocardial features, such as vascular patency and pump function. In this article, we review the current status, challenges, and future priorities in cardiac regenerative or reparative medicine. In the first part, we provide an overview of our current understanding of heart repair and comment on the main contributors and mechanisms involved in innate regeneration. A brief section is dedicated to the novel concept of rejuvenation or regeneration, which we think may impact future development in the field. The last section describes regenerative therapies, where the most advanced and disruptive strategies used for myocardial repair are discussed. Our recommendations for priority areas in studies of cardiac regeneration or repair are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Grigorian Shamagian
- From the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., F.F.-A.).,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., A.B.-G., F.F.-A., V.F.)
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CESI-MeT), Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy (R.M.).,Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (R.M., )
| | | | - Andreu M Climent
- From the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., F.F.-A.).,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., A.B.-G., F.F.-A., V.F.)
| | | | - Luis Bras-Rosario
- Cardiology Department, Santa Maria University Hospital (CHLN), Lisbon Academic Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Centre of the University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Portugal (L.B.-R.)
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., A.B.-G., F.F.-A., V.F.).,Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (A.B.-G.)
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (P.F.).,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary (P.F.)
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- From the Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., F.F.-A.).,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., A.B.-G., F.F.-A., V.F.)
| | | | - Valentin Fuster
- CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (L.G.S., A.M.C., A.B.-G., F.F.-A., V.F.).,The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY (V.F.).,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (V.F.)
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185
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Nakamura Y, Park JH, Hayakawa K. Therapeutic use of extracellular mitochondria in CNS injury and disease. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113114. [PMID: 31734316 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), neuronal functionality is highly dependent on mitochondrial integrity and activity. In the context of a damaged or diseased brain, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reductions in ATP levels, thus impairing ATP-dependent neural firing and neurotransmitter dynamics. Restoring mitochondrial ability to generate ATP may be a basic premise to restore neuronal functionality. Recently, emerging data in rodent and human studies suggest that mitochondria and its components are surprisingly released into extracellular space and potentially transferred between cells. Transferred mitochondria may support oxidative phosphorylation in recipient cells. In this mini-review, we (a) survey recent findings in cell to cell mitochondrial transfer and the presence of cell-free extracellular mitochondria and its components, (b) review experimental details of how to detect extracellular mitochondria and mitochondrial transfer in the CNS, (c) discuss strategies and tissue sources for mitochondria isolation, and (d) explore exogenous mitochondrial transplantation as a novel approach for CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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186
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Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve lung function and survival in chronic inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and silicosis.Areas covered: This review covers rationale for the use of MSC therapy, along with preclinical studies and clinical trials with MSC therapy in chronic lung diseases.Expert opinion: MSC therapy holds promise for the treatment of chronic lung diseases, mainly when administered at early stages. In clinical trials, MSC administration was safe, but associated with limited effects on clinical outcomes. Further studies are required to elucidate unresolved issues, including optimal MSC source and dose, route of administration, and frequency (single vs. multiple-dose regimens). A better understanding of the mechanisms of MSC action, local microenvironment of each disease, and development of strategies to potentiate the beneficial effects of MSCs may improve outcomes.
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187
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Heyck M, Bonsack B, Zhang H, Sadanandan N, Cozene B, Kingsbury C, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. The brain and eye: Treating cerebral and retinal ischemia through mitochondrial transfer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1485-1492. [PMID: 31604382 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219881623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a devastating disease with limited treatment options, despite our growing understanding of its pathology. While ischemic stroke is traditionally characterized by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, this may coincide with reduced blood circulation to the eye, resulting in retinal ischemia, which may in turn lead to visual impairment. Although effective treatment options for retinal ischemia are similarly scarce, new evidence suggests that deleterious changes to mitochondrial structure and function play a major role in both cerebral and retinal ischemia pathologies. Prior studies establish that astrocytes transfer healthy mitochondria to ischemic neurons following stroke; however, this alone is not enough to significantly mitigate the damage caused by primary and secondary cell death. Thus, stem cell-based regenerative medicine targeting amelioration of ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via the transfer of functional mitochondria to injured neural cells represents a promising approach to improve stroke outcomes for both cerebral and retinal ischemia. In this review, we evaluate recent laboratory evidence supporting the remedial capabilities of mitochondrial transfer as an innovative stroke treatment. In particular, we examine exogenous stem cell transplants in their potential role as suppliers of healthy mitochondria to neurons, brain endothelial cells, and retinal cells.Impact statementStroke constitutes a global health crisis, yet potent, applicable therapeutic options remain effectively inaccessible for many patients. To this end, stem cell transplants stand as a promising stroke treatment and as an emerging subject of research for cell-based regenerative medicine. This is the first review to synthesize the implications of stem cell-derived mitochondrial transfer in both the brain and the eye. As such, this report carries fresh insight into the commonalities between the two stroke-affected organs. We present the findings of this developing area of research inquiry with the hope that our evaluation may advance the use of stem cell transplants as viable therapeutic alternatives for ischemic stroke and related disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Such lab-to-clinic translational advancement has the potential to save and improve the ever increasing millions of lives affected by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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188
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Bonsack B, Borlongan MC, Lo EH, Arai K. Brief overview: Protective roles of astrocyte-derived pentraxin-3 in blood-brain barrier integrity. Brain Circ 2019; 5:145-149. [PMID: 31620663 PMCID: PMC6785941 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_37_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Greater understanding is required of the underlying relationships in ischemic brains in order to prevent stroke or to develop effective treatment. This review highlights new findings about the relationship of blood–brain barrier with astrocytes, pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and other factors expressed during or after ischemic stroke. These are discussed with respect to their ameliorative or deleterious effects. These effects are measured in vivo in animal models as well as in vitro in cell cultures. Evidence was found to suggest that astrocytes play a key role in stroke by expressing PTX3, which, in turn, enhances endothelial tightness, increases tight junction proteins, and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor. The role of astrocytes and PTX3 is examined in relation to hypoxic stress and conditioning as well as mitochondrial transfer. Astrocytes and PTX3 are placed in the context of brain circulation and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mia C Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Department of Radiology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Department of Radiology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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189
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Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord in rabbit temporomandibular joint model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13854. [PMID: 31554894 PMCID: PMC6761110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characterised by chronic inflammation and damage to joint structures. Because of the complexity of TMJ-OA, only symptomatic treatments are currently available. Recent reports have shown that many of stem cells can exert anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerating effects. In this study, we investigated the potential cartilage-regenerating and anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs) for the treatment of TMJ-OA. hUCM-MSC lines, isolated from different donors, which showed different activities in vitro. Using a selected cell line, we used different concentrations of hUCM-MSCs to assess therapeutic effects in a rabbit model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced TMJ-OA. Compared with the untreated control group, the potential regenerative result and anti-inflammatory effects of hUCM-MSCs were evident at all the tested concentrations in rabbits with induced TMJ-OA. The median dose of hUCM-MSCs showed the prominent cartilage protective effect and further cartilage regeneration potential. This effect occurred via upregulated expression of growth factors, extracellular matrix markers, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effect of hUCM-MSCs was comparable to that of dexamethasone (DEX). However, only hUCM-MSCs showed potential chondrogenesis effects in this study. In conclusion, our results indicate that hUCM-MSCs may be an effective treatment option for the treatment of TMJ-OA.
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190
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Banerjee MN, Bolli R, Hare JM. Clinical Studies of Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Medicine: Recent Developments and Future Directions. Circ Res 2019; 123:266-287. [PMID: 29976692 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and the limited therapeutic options for severe heart failure, novel technologies that harness the regenerative capacity of the heart are sorely needed. The therapeutic use of stem cells has the potential to reverse myocardial injury and improve cardiac function, in contrast to most current medical therapies that only mitigate heart failure symptoms. Nearly 2 decades and >200 trials for cardiovascular disease have revealed that most cell types are safe; however, their efficacy remains controversial, limiting the transition of this therapy from investigation to practice. Lessons learned from these initial studies are driving the design of new clinical trials; higher fidelity of cell isolation techniques, standardization of conditions, more consistent use of state of the art measurement techniques, and assessment of multiple end points to garner insights into the efficacy of stem cells. Translation to clinical trials has almost outpaced our mechanistic understanding, and individual patient factors likely play a large role in stem cell efficacy. Therefore, careful analysis of dosing, delivery methods, and the ideal patient populations is necessary to translate cell therapy from research to practice. We are at a pivotal stage in the field in which information from many relatively small clinical trials must guide carefully executed efficacy trials. Larger efficacy trials are being launched to answer questions about older, first-generation stem cell therapeutics, while novel, second-generation products are being introduced into the clinical realm. This review critically examines the current state of clinical research on cell-based therapies for cardiovascular disease, highlighting the controversies in the field, improvements in clinical trial design, and the application of exciting new cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha N Banerjee
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (M.N.B., J.M.H.).,Department of Surgery (M.N.B)
| | - Roberto Bolli
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY (R.B.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (M.N.B., J.M.H.) .,Department of Medicine (J.M.H.)
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191
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Lander EB, Berman MH, See JR. Personal cell therapy for interstitial cystitis with autologous stromal vascular fraction stem cells. Ther Adv Urol 2019; 11:1756287219868590. [PMID: 31452686 PMCID: PMC6698997 DOI: 10.1177/1756287219868590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether autologous
stem-cell-based therapy may mitigate the symptoms of interstitial
cystitis. Methods: Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in stem cells and derived from
autologous adipose tissue was deployed into 109 men and women with
interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome as a surgical procedure. This
stem-cell-rich biologic product was injected both systemically and
regionally into pelvic floor targets. Patients were queried about quality of
life and symptom and bother subjective outcomes tests every 3 months for
2 years. Results: A total of 78 patients reported a positive response at 1 year. Symptom and
bother metrics were statistically improved at 1 year. There were minimal
adverse events associated with the harvesting, procurement, and clinical
deployment of SVF. Conclusion: Interstitial cystitis is a complex clinical problem that is known for its
resistance to conventional therapies. SVF as an autologous personalized
regenerative strategy shows good safety and efficacy and may potentially
have a role in the mitigation of interstitial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot B Lander
- Cell Surgical Network, 72780 Country Club Drive #301, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270, USA
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192
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See Hoe LE, Bartnikowski N, Wells MA, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Hurdles to Cardioprotection in the Critically Ill. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3823. [PMID: 31387264 PMCID: PMC6695809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the largest contributor to worldwide mortality, and the deleterious impact of heart failure (HF) is projected to grow exponentially in the future. As heart transplantation (HTx) is the only effective treatment for end-stage HF, development of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) technology has unveiled additional therapeutic options for refractory cardiac disease. Unfortunately, despite both MCS and HTx being quintessential treatments for significant cardiac impairment, associated morbidity and mortality remain high. MCS technology continues to evolve, but is associated with numerous disturbances to cardiac function (e.g., oxidative damage, arrhythmias). Following MCS intervention, HTx is frequently the destination option for survival of critically ill cardiac patients. While effective, donor hearts are scarce, thus limiting HTx to few qualifying patients, and HTx remains correlated with substantial post-HTx complications. While MCS and HTx are vital to survival of critically ill cardiac patients, cardioprotective strategies to improve outcomes from these treatments are highly desirable. Accordingly, this review summarizes the current status of MCS and HTx in the clinic, and the associated cardiac complications inherent to these treatments. Furthermore, we detail current research being undertaken to improve cardiac outcomes following MCS/HTx, and important considerations for reducing the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these necessary treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia.
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Chermside 4032, Australia
| | - Matthew A Wells
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside 4032, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside 4032, Australia
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193
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Luz-Crawford P, Hernandez J, Djouad F, Luque-Campos N, Caicedo A, Carrère-Kremer S, Brondello JM, Vignais ML, Pène J, Jorgensen C. Mesenchymal stem cell repression of Th17 cells is triggered by mitochondrial transfer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 31370879 PMCID: PMC6676586 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with broad immunosuppressive capacities. Recently, it has been reported that MSCs can transfer mitochondria to various cell types, including fibroblast, cancer, and endothelial cells. It has been suggested that mitochondrial transfer is associated with a physiological response to cues released by damaged cells to restore and regenerate damaged tissue. However, the role of mitochondrial transfer to immune competent cells has been poorly investigated. Methods and results Here, we analyzed the capacity of MSCs from the bone marrow (BM) of healthy donors (BM-MSCs) to transfer mitochondria to primary CD4+CCR6+CD45RO+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells by confocal microscopy and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). We then evaluated the Th17 cell inflammatory phenotype and bioenergetics at 4 h and 24 h of co-culture with BM-MSCs. We found that Th17 cells can take up mitochondria from BM-MSCs already after 4 h of co-culture. Moreover, IL-17 production by Th17 cells co-cultured with BM-MSCs was significantly impaired in a contact-dependent manner. This inhibition was associated with oxygen consumption increase by Th17 cells and interconversion into T regulatory cells. Finally, by co-culturing human synovial MSCs (sMSCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with Th17 cells, we found that compared with healthy BM-MSCs, mitochondrial transfer to Th17 cells was impaired in RA-sMSCs. Moreover, artificial mitochondrial transfer also significantly reduced IL-17 production by Th17 cells. Conclusions The present study brings some insights into a novel mechanism of T cell function regulation through mitochondrial transfer from stromal stem cells. The reduced mitochondrial transfer by RA-sMSCs might contribute to the persistence of chronic inflammation in RA synovitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1307-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Hernandez
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Séverine Carrère-Kremer
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Brondello
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Jérôme Pène
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France. .,CHU Montpellier, F-34295, Montpellier, France.
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194
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Weiss DJ, English K, Krasnodembskaya A, Isaza-Correa JM, Hawthorne IJ, Mahon BP. The Necrobiology of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Affects Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1228. [PMID: 31214185 PMCID: PMC6557974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress is occurring in understanding the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cell therapies (MSCT). However, the results of clinical trials, while demonstrating safety, have been varied in regard to efficacy. Recent data from different groups have shown profound and significant influences of the host inflammatory environment on MSCs delivered systemically or through organ-specific routes, for example intratracheal, with subsequent actions on potential MSC efficacies. Intriguingly in some models, it appears that dead or dying cells or subcellular particles derived from them, may contribute to therapeutic efficacy, at least in some circumstances. Thus, the broad cellular changes that accompany MSC death, autophagy, pre-apoptotic function, or indeed the host response to these processes may be essential to therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the existing literature concerning the necrobiology of MSCs and the available evidence that MSCs undergo autophagy, apoptosis, transfer mitochondria, or release subcellular particles with effector function in pathologic or inflammatory in vivo environments. Advances in understanding the role of immune effector cells in cell therapy, especially macrophages, suggest that the reprogramming of immunity associated with MSCT has a weighty influence on therapeutic efficacy. If correct, these data suggest novel approaches to enhancing the beneficial actions of MSCs that will vary with the inflammatory nature of different disease targets and may influence the choice between autologous or allogeneic or even xenogeneic cells as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Karen English
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Johana M. Isaza-Correa
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ian J. Hawthorne
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Bernard P. Mahon
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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195
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Paracrine Mechanisms of Redox Signalling for Postmitotic Cell and Tissue Regeneration. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:514-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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196
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Vaes JEG, Vink MA, de Theije CGM, Hoebeek FE, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CHA. The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31143126 PMCID: PMC6521595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological, and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploration of novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly sensitive to perinatal inflammation and cerebral oxygen fluctuations, leading to impaired OL differentiation and eventually myelination failure. OL lineage development under normal and pathological circumstances and the process of (re)myelination have been studied extensively over the years, often in the context of other adult and pediatric white matter pathologies such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have proposed stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to boost white matter regeneration as a potential strategy against a wide range of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss experimental studies focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to reduce white matter injury (WMI) in multiple adult and neonatal neurological diseases. What lessons have been learned from these previous studies and how can we translate this knowledge to application of MSCs for the injured white matter in the preterm infant? A perspective on the current state of stem cell therapy will be given and we will discuss different important considerations of MSCs including cellular sources, timing of treatment and administration routes. Furthermore, we reflect on optimization strategies that could potentially reinforce stem cell therapy, including preconditioning and genetic engineering of stem cells or using cell-free stem cell products, to optimize cell-based strategy for vulnerable preterm infants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit A Vink
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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197
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their mitochondrial transfer: a double-edged sword. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182417. [PMID: 30979829 PMCID: PMC6500894 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including organ degeneration and cancer. Mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells (MSCs) provide a valuable source for stem cell-based therapy and represent an emerging therapeutic approach for tissue regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that MSCs can directly donate mitochondria to recover from cell injury and rescue mitochondrial damage-provoked tissue degeneration. Meanwhile, cancer cells and cancer stromal cells also cross-talk through mitochondrial exchange to regulate cancer metastasis. This review summarizes the research on MSCs and their mitochondrial transfer. It provides an overview of the biology, function, niches and signaling that play a role in tissue repair. It also highlights the pathologies of cancer growth and metastasis linked to mitochondrial exchange between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. It becomes evident that the function of MSC mitochondrial transfer is a double-edged sword. MSC mitochondrial transfer may be a pharmaceutical target for tissue repair and cancer therapy.
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198
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Zhao L, Hu C, Zhang P, Jiang H, Chen J. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2019; 17:142. [PMID: 31046805 PMCID: PMC6498508 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria take part in a network of cellular processes that regulate cell homeostasis. Defects in mitochondrial function are key pathophysiological changes during acute kidney injury (AKI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising regenerative effects in experimental AKI models, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Some studies have demonstrated that MSCs are able to target mitochondrial dysfunction during AKI. In this review, we summarize these articles, providing an integral and updated view of MSC therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction during AKI, which is aimed at promoting the therapeutic effect of MSCs in AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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199
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Roushandeh AM, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondrial transplantation as a potential and novel master key for treatment of various incurable diseases. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:647-663. [PMID: 30706303 PMCID: PMC6465382 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are attractive cellular organelles which are so interesting in both basic and clinical research, especially after it was found that they were arisen as a bacterial intruder in ancient cells. Interestingly, even now, they are the focus of many investigations and their function and relevance to health and disease have remained open questions. More recently, research on mitochondria have turned out their potential application in medicine as a novel therapeutic intervention. The importance of this issue is highlighted when we know that mitochondrial dysfunction can be observed in a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia, diabetes, renal failure, skeletal muscles disorders, liver diseases, burns, aging, and cancer progression. In other words, transplantation of viable mitochondria into the injured tissues would replace or augment damaged mitochondria, allowing the rescue of cells and restoration of the normal function. Therefore, mitochondrial transplantation would be revolutionary for the treatment of a variety of diseases in which conventional therapies have proved unsuccessful. Here, we describe pieces of evidence of mitochondrial transplantation, discuss and highlight the current and future directions to show why mitochondrial transplantation could be a master key for treatment of a variety of diseases or injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Divisions of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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200
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Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Tissues and Their Membrane Encasement for Prospective Transplantation Therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6376271. [PMID: 30941369 PMCID: PMC6421008 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6376271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from various organs and are in studies on therapeutic cell transplantation. Positive clinical outcomes of transplantations have been attributed to both the secretion of cytokines and growth factors as well as the fusion of donor cells with that of the host. We compared human mesenchymal stem cells from six different tissues for their transplantation-relevant potential. Furthermore, for prospective allogenic transplantation we developed a semipermeable hollow-fiber membrane enclosure, which would prevent cell fusion, would provide an immune barrier, and would allow for easy removal of donor cells from patients after recovery. We investigated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, amniotic tissue, bone marrow, chorionic tissue, liver, and umbilical cord. We compared their multilineage differentiation potential, secretion of growth factors, and the expression of genes and surface markers. We found that although the expression of typical mesenchymal stem cell-associated gene THY1 and surface markers CD90 and CD73 were mostly similar between mesenchymal stem cells from different donor sites, their expression of lineage-specific genes, secretion of growth factors, multilineage differentiation potential, and other surface markers were considerably different. The encasement of mesenchymal stem cells in fibers affected the various mesenchymal stem cells differently depending on their donor site. Conclusively, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different tissues were not equal, which should be taken into consideration when deciding for optimal sourcing for therapeutic transplantation. The encasement of mesenchymal stem cells into semipermeable membranes could provide a physical immune barrier, preventing cell fusion.
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