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Zhu L, Hissa B, Győrffy B, Jann JC, Yang C, Reissfelder C, Schölch S. Characterization of Stem-like Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E305. [PMID: 32429174 PMCID: PMC7278018 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most frequent cause of death from cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with stem-like characteristics lead to distant metastases and thus contribute to the dismal prognosis of PDAC. Our purpose is to investigate the role of stemness in CTCs derived from a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC and to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms. The publically available RNA sequencing dataset GSE51372 was analyzed, and CTCs with (CTC-S) or without (CTC-N) stem-like features were discriminated based on a principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and further functional enrichment analyses were performed. The prognostic role of the candidate gene (CTNNB1) was assessed in a clinical PDAC patient cohort. Overexpression of the pluripotency marker Klf4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) in CTC-S cells positively correlates with Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) expression, and their interaction presumably happens via protein-protein binding in the nucleus. As a result, the adherens junction pathway is significantly enriched in CTC-S. Furthermore, the overexpression of Ctnnb1 is a negative prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in human PDAC cohort. Overexpression of Ctnnb1 may thus promote the metastatic capabilities of CTCs with stem-like properties via adherens junctions in murine PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Barbara Hissa
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johann-Christoph Jann
- Department of Medicine III, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.Z.); (B.H.); (C.Y.); (C.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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152
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Hu Y, Wang B, Wang L, Wang Z, Jian Z, Deng L. Mammalian STE20‑like kinase 1 regulates pancreatic cancer cell survival and migration through Mfn2‑mediated mitophagy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:398-404. [PMID: 32377725 PMCID: PMC7248474 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression, but its downstream targets are still unknown. In the present study, our results indicated that MST1 expression was significantly downregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC‑1, BxPC‑3 and HPAC) compared with that in the normal ductal epithelial cell line (hTERT‑HPNE). Moreover, MST1 overexpression in PANC‑1 cells led to increased apoptosis as determined by MTT and TUNEL assays and inhibited cellular migration. Mechanistically, upregulation of MST1 expression caused mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased ATP production, and activation of the mitochondrial‑dependent apoptotic pathway via inhibition of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2)‑mediated mitophagy, which ultimately resulted in increased cellular apoptosis and decreased cellular migration. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that MST1 may regulate pancreatic cancer PANC‑1 cell survival, invasion and migration through Mfn2‑mediated mitophagy, laying the foundation for the exploration of novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenran Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Jian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
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Zhou J, Wang H, Che J, Xu L, Yang W, Li Y, Zhou W. Silencing of microRNA-135b inhibits invasion, migration, and stemness of CD24 +CD44 + pancreatic cancer stem cells through JADE-1-dependent AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32351328 PMCID: PMC7183669 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have emphasized determining the ability of microRNAs (miRNAs) as crucial regulators in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer (PC), which continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies with few effective therapies. The study aimed to investigate the functional role of miR-135b and its associated mechanism to unravel the biological characteristics of tumor growth in pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Methods Microarray analyses were initially performed to identify the PC-related miRNAs and genes. The expression of miR-135b and PCSC markers in PC tissues and cells was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The potential gene (JADE-1) that could bind to miR-135b was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. To investigate the tumorigenicity, migration, invasion, and stemness of PC cells, several gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic experiments were conducted. Finally, tumor formation in nude mice was conducted to confirm the results in vivo. Results miR-135b was highly-expressed in PC tissues and PCSCs, which was identified to specifically target JADE-1. The overexpression of miR-135b promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCSC, inhibited cell apoptosis and increased the expression of stemness-related factors (Sox-2, Oct-4, Nanog, Aldh1, and Slug). Moreover, miR-135b could promote the expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated mTOR in the AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, miR-135b overexpression accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions Taken together, the silencing of miR-135b promotes the JADE-1 expression, which inactivates the AKT/mTOR pathway and ultimately results in inhibition of self-renewal and tumor growth of PCSCs. Hence, this study contributes to understanding the role of miR-135 in PCSCs and its underlying molecular mechanisms to aid in the development of effective PC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhou
- 1Class 182, Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Che
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiu Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobillary Surgery, Xuzhou City Cancer Hospital, No. 131 Huancheng Rd., Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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154
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Mechanisms of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041055. [PMID: 32340207 PMCID: PMC7225971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human pathogens, affecting half of the world’s population. Approximately 20% of the infected patients develop gastric ulcers or neoplastic changes in the gastric stroma. An infection also leads to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition within gastric tissue, increasing the probability of gastric cancer development. This paper aims to review the role of H. pylori and its virulence factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition associated with malignant transformation within the gastric stroma. The reviewed factors included: CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) along with induction of cancer stem-cell properties and interaction with YAP (Yes-associated protein pathway), tumor necrosis factor α-inducing protein, Lpp20 lipoprotein, Afadin protein, penicillin-binding protein 1A, microRNA-29a-3p, programmed cell death protein 4, lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β, cancer-associated fibroblasts, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The review summarizes the most recent findings, providing insight into potential molecular targets and new treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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155
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Kim H, Lee S, Shin E, Seong KM, Jin YW, Youn H, Youn B. The Emerging Roles of Exosomes as EMT Regulators in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040861. [PMID: 32252322 PMCID: PMC7226841 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes epithelial cells to lose their polarity and adhesion property, and endows them with migratory and invasive properties to enable them to become mesenchymal stem cells. EMT occurs throughout embryonic development, during wound healing, and in various pathological processes, including tumor progression. Considerable research in the last few decades has revealed that EMT is invariably related to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Apart from the interactions between numerous intracellular signaling pathways known to regulate EMT, extracellular modulators in the tumor microenvironment also influence tumor cells to undergo EMT, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) receiving increasing attention as EMT inducers. EVs comprise exosomes and microvesicles that carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules to stimulate EMT in cells. Among EVs, exosomes have been investigated in many studies, and their role has been found to be significant with respect to regulating intercellular communications. In this review, we summarize recent studies on exosomes and their cargoes that induce cancer-associated EMT. Furthermore, we describe the possible applications of exosomes as promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.K.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.K.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.K.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-6935-2438 (H.Y.); +82-51-510-2264 (B.Y.); Fax: +82-2-3408-4334 (H.Y.); +82-51-581-2962 (B.Y.)
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.K.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (B.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-6935-2438 (H.Y.); +82-51-510-2264 (B.Y.); Fax: +82-2-3408-4334 (H.Y.); +82-51-581-2962 (B.Y.)
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Khakinezhad Tehrani F, Ranji N, Kouhkan F, Hosseinzadeh S. Apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition by silibinin encapsulated in nanoparticles in MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells and deregulation of some miRNAs. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:469-482. [PMID: 32489562 PMCID: PMC7239422 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.39427.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silibinin, as an herbal compound, has anti-cancer activity. Because of low solubility of silibinin in water and body fluids, it was encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles and its effects were evaluated on pancreatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with different doses of silibinin encapsulated in polymersome nanoparticles (SPNs). Stemness of MIA PaCa-2 cells was evaluated by hanging drop technique and CD133, CD24, and CD44 staining. The effects of SPNs on cell cycle, apoptosis and the expression of several genes and miRNAs were investigated. RESULTS IC50 of SPNs was determined to be 40 µg/ml after 24 hr. Our analysis showed that >98% of MIA PaCa-2 cells expressed three stem cell markers. FACS analysis showed a decrease in these markers in SPNs-treated cells. PI/AnnexinV staining revealed that 40 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml of SPNs increased apoptosis up to ~40% and >80% of treated cells, respectively. Upregulation of miR-34a, miR-126, and miR-let7b and downregulation of miR-155, miR-222 and miR-21 was observed in SPNs-treated cells. In addition, downregulation of some genes involved in proliferation or migration such as AKT3, MASPINE, and SERPINEA12, and upregulation of apoptotic genes were observed in treated cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that SPNs induced apoptosis and inhibited migration and proliferation in pancreatic cells and cancer stem cells through suppression of some onco-miRs and induction of some tumor suppressive miRs, as well as their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najmeh Ranji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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157
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Li T, Liu X, Xu B, Wu W, Zang Y, Li J, Wei L, Qian Y, Xu H, Xie M, Wang Q, Wang L. SKA1 regulates actin cytoskeleton remodelling via activating Cdc42 and influences the migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12799. [PMID: 32232899 PMCID: PMC7162805 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spindle and kinetochore–associated protein 1(SKA1), originally identified as a protein essential for proper chromosome segregation, has been recently linked to multiple malignancies. This study aimed to explore the biological, clinical role and molecular mechanism of SKA1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods SKA1 expression was detected in 145 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens by immunohistochemistry. Biological behaviour assays were used to determine the role of SKA1 in PDAC progression in vitro and in vivo. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), SKA1’s downstream proteins were examined. Moreover, cytochalasin B and ZCL278 were used to explore the changes of SKA1‐induced signalling and cell morphology, with further confirmation by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. Results Increased SKA1 expression was significantly correlated with tumour size and cellular differentiation degree in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, elevated levels of SKA1 reflected shorter overall survival (P = .019). As for biological behaviour, SKA1 acted as a tumour promotor in PDAC, overexpression of SKA1 facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SKA1 enhanced pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by inhibiting G2/M arrest and regulating actin cytoskeleton organization via activating Cdc42. Conclusions This study revealed novel roles for SKA1 as an important regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization and an oncogene in PDAC cells, which may provide insights into developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Kaushik N, Kang JH, Kaushik NK, Son SH, Uddin N, Kim MJ, Kim CG, Lee SJ. A Feedback Loop Comprising EGF/TGFα Sustains TFCP2-Mediated Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2217-2229. [PMID: 32193292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two fundamental characteristics of metastasis that are controlled by diverse regulatory factors, including transcription factors. Compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, basal-type or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high frequencies of tumor relapse. However, the role of alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) has not been reported as an oncogenic driver in those breast cancers. Here, we show that TFCP2 is a potent factor essential for EMT, stemness, and metastasis in breast cancer. TFCP2 directly bound promoters of EGF and TGFα to regulate their expression and stimulate autocrine signaling via EGFR. These findings indicate that TFCP2 is a new antimetastatic target and reveal a novel regulatory mechanism in which a positive feedback loop comprising EGF/TGFα and AKT can control malignant breast cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE: TFCP2 is a new antimetastatic target that controls TNBC progression via a positive feedback loop between EGF/TGFα and the AKT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Kang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Center for Cell Analysis & Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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159
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Zhang N, Wang D, Duan Y, Ayarick VA, Cao M, Wang Y, Zhang G, Wang Y. The special immune microenvironment of tumor budding and its impact on prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152926. [PMID: 32327282 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are not randomly distributed, but organized to accumulate more or less densely in different regions within tumors, which have provoked new thoughts on cancer management. In this study we explored the characteristics of tumor immunemicroenvironment (TIME) for the tumor budding (TB) and lymphocytes in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) as well as their prognostic significance. The TILs around the TB at the invasive margin were assessed by double-immunohistochemistry staining for the CD8, FOXP3, OX40 and GrB phenotypes. Results showed that there was a negative correlation between the density of TB and TILs in the budding area, tumor stroma and parenchyma. And the number of TILs around the TB was evidently reduced, compared with TILs in the non-budding region (P < 0.001). Additionally, the number of TILs in turn changed from non-budding area CD8+>FOXP3+>OX40+> GrB + T cells to FOXP3+>CD8+>OX40 + T > GrB + T cells in budding area. Survival rate was significantly lower in patients who had a higher density of TB (P < 0.001) and a lower density of TILs (P = 0.013). We concluded that TB was surrounded by a weak immune surveillance and immunosuppressive response supported the spatial heterogeneity in the TIME of gastric adenocarcinomas. The regional heterogeneity should be attached importance for identifying the influence of the TIME on cancer development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Depu Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yixin Duan
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Vivian Adiila Ayarick
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute for Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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160
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Liu X, Xu D, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Gong Y, Jiang Y, Xing B. THBS1 facilitates colorectal liver metastasis through enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1730-1740. [PMID: 32052380 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver metastasis is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to identify specific molecules which are involved in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we employed TMT (tandem mass tags)-labeling combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology to do comparative analyses of proteomics between the primary tumor specimens derived from colorectal cancer patients with or without liver metastasis. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed using DAVID database. The crucial molecules were identified through protein-protein interaction network. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to analyze the expression of THBS1 (thrombospondin-1) in CRC tissues. Finally, transwell cell migration and invasion assays were performed to explore the roles of THBS1 in CRC cell migration and invasion. RESULTS We found that the expression of 311 proteins was dysregulated in CRLM using quantitative proteomics. Among these proteins, we identified FN1, TIMP1, THBS1, POSTN and VCAN as five crucial proteins in CRLM by analysis in silico. IHC assay revealed that increased THBS1 expression was significantly correlated with liver metastasis as well as poor prognosis of CRC patients. GEO data analysis also suggests that upregulated mRNA level of THBS1 is also associated with shorter overall survival of CRC patients. Moreover, THBS1 depletion inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells through attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Co-expression analyses with TCGA data indicated that THBS1 is co-expressed with mesenchymal markers, including Vimentin, N-cadherin, Snail1 and Twist1 in CRC tissues. CONCLUSIONS By collecting the omics data with functional studies, the present results reveal that THBS1 facilitates colorectal liver metastasis through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This understanding of molecular roles of THBS1 in CRLM may be promising to develop targeted therapies to prolong survival in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - D Xu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Z Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Y Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Y Gong
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - B Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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161
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Wang X, Xu Z, Sun J, Lv H, Wang Y, Ni Y, Chen S, Hu C, Wang L, Chen W, Cheng X. Cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells is involved with GPR30-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3625-3633. [PMID: 32052561 PMCID: PMC7131920 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the major chemotherapeutic drug in gastric cancer, particularly in treating advanced gastric cancer. Tumour cells often develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, which seriously affects the efficacy of chemotherapy. GPR30 is a novel oestrogen receptor that is involved in the invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of many tumours. Targeting GPR30 has been shown to increase the drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells. However, few studies have investigated the role of GPR30 in gastric cancer. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be associated with the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that GPR30 is involved in cisplatin resistance by promoting EMT in gastric cancer. GPR30 knockdown resulted in increased sensitivity of different gastric cancer (GC) cells to cisplatin and alterations in the epithelial/mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, G15 significantly enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of GC cells while G1 inhibited this phenomenon. In addition, EMT occurred when AGS and BGC‐823 were treated with cisplatin. Down‐regulation of GPR30 with G15 inhibited this transformation, while G1 promoted it. Taken together, these results revealed the role of GPR30 in the formation of cisplatin resistance, suggesting that targeting GPR30 signalling may be a potential strategy for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumor, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiu Ni
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangqi Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Ultrasonics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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162
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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163
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Nguyen AM, Zhou J, Sicairos B, Sonney S, Du Y. Upregulation of CD73 Confers Acquired Radioresistance and is Required for Maintaining Irradiation-selected Pancreatic Cancer Cells in a Mesenchymal State. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:375-389. [PMID: 31879272 PMCID: PMC7000112 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying exceptional radioresistance in pancreatic cancer remain elusive. In the present study, we established a stable radioresistant pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2-R by exposing the parental MIA PaCa-2 cells to fractionated ionizing radiation (IR). Systematic proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of protein expression in MIA PaCa-2 and MIA PaCa-2-R cells revealed that several growth factor-/cytokine-mediated pathways, including the OSM/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways, were activated in the radioresistant cells, leading to inhibition of apoptosis and increased epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. In addition, the radioresistant cells exhibited enhanced capabilities of DNA repair and antioxidant defense compared with the parental cells. We focused functional analysis on one of the most up-regulated proteins in the radioresistant cells, ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), which is a cell surface protein that is overexpressed in different types of cancer. Ectopic overexpression of CD73 in the parental cells resulted in radioresistance and conferred resistance to IR-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of CD73 re-sensitized the radioresistant cells to IR and IR-induced apoptosis. The effect of CD73 on radioresistance and apoptosis is independent of the enzymatic activity of CD73. Further studies demonstrate that CD73 up-regulation promotes Ser-136 phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein BAD and is required for maintaining the radioresistant cells in a mesenchymal state. Our findings suggest that expression alterations in the IR-selected pancreatic cancer cells result in hyperactivation of the growth factor/cytokine signaling that promotes epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and enhancement of DNA repair. Our results also suggest that CD73, potentially a novel downstream factor of the enhanced growth factor/cytokine signaling, confers acquired radioresistance by inactivating proapoptotic protein BAD via phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-136 and by maintaining the radioresistant pancreatic cancer cells in a mesenchymal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Brihget Sicairos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Sangeetha Sonney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Yuchun Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.
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164
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The critical effects of matrices on cultured carcinoma cells: Human tumor-derived matrix promotes cell invasive properties. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111885. [PMID: 32017929 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role in cancer progression. Therefore, understanding the TME is essential for the development of cancer therapies. We used four (primary and metastatic) head and neck (HN) SCC cell lines and cultured them on top of or within 5 matrices (mouse sarcoma-derived Matrigel®, rat collagen, human leiomyoma-derived Myogel, human fibronectin and human fibrin). We performed several assays to study the effects of these matrices on the HNSCC behavior, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as cell morphology, and molecular gene profile. Carcinoma cells exhibited different growth patterns depending on the matrix. While fibrin enhanced the proliferation of all the cell lines, collagen did not. The effects of the matrices on cancer cell migration were cell line dependent. Carcinoma cells in Myogel-collagen invaded faster in scratch wound invasion assay. On the other hand, in the spheroid invasion assay, three out of four cell lines invaded faster in Myogel-fibrin. These matrices significantly affected hundreds of genes and a number of pathways, but the effects were cell line dependent. The matrix type played a major role in HNSCC cell phenotype. The effects of the ECMs were either constant, or cell line dependent. Based on these results, we suggest to select the most suitable matrix, which provides the closest condition to the in vivo TME, in order to get reliable results in in vitro experiments.
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165
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Cheng CS, Chen JX, Tang J, Geng YW, Zheng L, Lv LL, Chen LY, Chen Z. Paeonol Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Through the Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad Signaling and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:641-651. [PMID: 32099461 PMCID: PMC6996112 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s224416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paeonol, a natural product derived from the root of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) K. Schum and the root of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Ranunculaceae) has attracted extensive attention for its anti-cancer proliferation effect in recent years. The present study examined the role of paeonol in suppressing migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT and colonial formation assay. Migration and invasion capabilities were examined by cell scratch-wound healing assay and the Boyden chamber invasion assay. Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the protein and RNA levels of vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Results At non-cytotoxic dose, 100 μΜ and 150 μΜ of paeonol showed significant anti-migration and anti-invasion effects on Panc-1 and Capan-1 cells (p<0.01). Paeonol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal-transition by upregulating E-cadherin, and down regulating N-cadherin and vimentin expressions. Paeonol inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway by downregulating TGF-β1, p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 expressions. Further, TGF-β1 attenuated the anti-migration and anti-invasion capacities of paeonol in Panc-1 and Capan-1 cells. Conclusion These findings revealed that paeonol could suppress proliferation and inhibit migration and invasion in Panc-1 and Capan-1 cells by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and might be a promising novel anti-pancreatic cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Workstation of Xia Xiang, National Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Geng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Workstation of Xia Xiang, National Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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166
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Bulanenkova SS, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB. SOX9 as One of the Central Units of Regulation Axis of Pancreas Embryogenesis and Cancer Progression. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416819030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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167
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Wan FZ, Chen KH, Sun YC, Chen XC, Liang RB, Chen L, Zhu XD. Exosomes overexpressing miR-34c inhibit malignant behavior and reverse the radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:12. [PMID: 31915008 PMCID: PMC6947927 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant behavior and radioresistance, which severely limits the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as a therapeutic tool in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of tumor suppressor microRNA-34c-5p (miR-34c) on NPC development and radioresistance, as well as to confirm that exosomes derived from MSCs overexpressing miR-34c restore the sensitivity to radiotherapy in NPCs. METHODS Potentially active microRNAs were screened by cell sequencing, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analysis, and analysis of clinical serum samples from 70 patients. The expression of genes and proteins was detected by Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and radioresistance of NPC were detected. Luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the interactions of microRNAs with their downstream targets. MSCs exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and verified by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking technology. RESULTS The expression of miR-34c was associated with the occurrence and radiation resistance of NPC. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that overexpression of miR-34c inhibit malignant behavior such as invasion, migration, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPCs by targeting β-Catenin. In addition, we found alleviated radioresistance upon miR-34c overexpression or β-catenin knockdown in NPCs. Exosomes derived from miR-34c-transfected MSCs attenuated NPC invasion, migration, proliferation and EMT. Moreover, miR-34c-overexpressing exosomes drastically increased radiation-induced apoptosis in NPC cells. CONCLUSION miR-34c is a tumor suppressor miR in NPC, which inhibits malignant behavior as well as radioresistance of tumor. Therefore, exogenous delivery of miR-34c to NPCs via MSC exosomes inhibits tumor progression and increases the efficiency of RT. Combination IR with miR-34c-overexpressing exosomes may be effective treatment for radioresistant NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhu Wan
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Hua Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chu Sun
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Chan Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ba Liang
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- grid.413431.0Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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168
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Zhang X, Ma N, Yao W, Li S, Ren Z. RAD51 is a potential marker for prognosis and regulates cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:356. [PMID: 31889908 PMCID: PMC6935217 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DNA damage and repair pathway is considered a promising target for developing strategies against cancer. RAD51, also known as RECA, is a recombinase that performs the critical step in homologous recombination. RAD51 has recently received considerable attention due to its function in tumor progression and its decisive role in tumor resistance to chemotherapy. However, its role in pancreatic cancer has seldom been investigated. In this report, we provide evidence that RAD51, regulated by KRAS, promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, RAD51 regulated aerobic glycolysis by targeting hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). METHODS TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) dataset analysis was used to examine the impact of RAD51 expression on overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Lentivirus-mediated transduction was used to silence RAD51 and KRAS expression. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis validated the efficacy of the knockdown effect. Analysis of the glycolysis process in pancreatic cancer cells was also performed. Cell proliferation was determined using a CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) proliferation assay. RESULTS Pancreatic cancer patients with higher levels of RAD51 exhibited worse survival. In pancreatic cancer cells, RAD51 positively regulated cell proliferation, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased the HIF1α protein level. KRAS/MEK/ERK activation increased RAD51 expression. In addition, RAD51 was a positive regulator of aerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSION The present study reveals novel roles for RAD51 in pancreatic cancer that are associated with overall survival prediction, possibly through a mechanism involving regulation of aerobic glycolysis. These findings may provide new predictive and treatment targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ningyi Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321 China
| | - Weiqiang Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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169
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Li ZX, Wu G, Jiang WJ, Li J, Wang YY, Ju XM, Yin YT. HOXB5 promotes malignant progression in pancreatic cancer via the miR-6732 pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:233-245. [PMID: 31876226 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1707456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Homeobox B5 (HOXB5) is associated with the poor prognosis of various cancer types. However, the specific mechanism by which HOXB5 promotes the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains to be determined.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated HOXB5 expression level correlated to PC prognosis. The biological functions of HOXB5 was confirmed by colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. The effects of HOXB5 on the expression of cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were evaluated. The downstream target of HOXB5 was miR-6723, which was detected by transcriptional assay. A xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice for the assessment of the role of HOXB5 in tumor growth and metastasis.Results: PC tissues had higher HOXB5 expression levels than noncancerous tissues, and high HOXB5 expression was significantly associated with poor PC prognosis. HOXB5 knockdown suppressed clone formation and the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells in vitro. Conversely, these activities were enhanced by HOXB5 overexpression. The HOXB5 that bound two synergy motifs regulated miR-6723 expression and contributed to PC malignant progression. The role of HOXB5 in promoting tumor growth and metastasis was verified in vivo. Further investigation revealed that Twist1 and Zeb1 expression levels were increased by HOXB5.Conclusions: HOXB5 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor PC prognosis. HOXB5 accelerated the malignant progression of PC by up-regulating miR-6723, which afforded PC cells stem-like properties and facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jun Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - You-Yu Wang
- Thracic Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Ming Ju
- Ultrsound, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Tao Yin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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170
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Ayres Pereira M, Chio IIC. Metastasis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current Standing and Methodologies. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:E6. [PMID: 31861620 PMCID: PMC7016631 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an extremely aggressive disease with a high metastatic potential. Most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease, at which the five-year survival rate is only 3%. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive metastasis is imperative for the development of better therapeutic interventions. Here, we take the reader through our current knowledge of the parameters that support metastatic progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and the experimental models that are at our disposal to study this process. We also describe the advantages and limitations of these models to study the different aspects of metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iok In Christine Chio
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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171
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Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Wang K, Li T, Zhang M, Yang Y, Wang R, Hu R. ROCK2 Confers Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Upregulating Transcription Factor ZEB1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121881. [PMID: 31783584 PMCID: PMC6966455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major clinical challenge in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we provide evidence that Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) maintains gemcitabine resistance in gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cells (GR cells). Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of ROCK2 markedly sensitized GR cells to gemcitabine by suppressing the expression of zinc-finger-enhancer binding protein 1 (ZEB1). Mechanically, ROCK2-induced sp1 phosphorylation at Thr-453 enhanced the ability of sp1 binding to ZEB1 promoter regions in a p38-dependent manner. Moreover, transcriptional activation of ZEB1 facilitated GR cells to repair gemcitabine-mediated DNA damage via ATM/p-CHK1 signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrate the essential role of ROCK2 in EMT-induced gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells and provide strong evidence for the clinical application of fasudil, a ROCK2 inhibitor, in gemcitabine-refractory PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Yunjiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Keke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Minda Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Yunjia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.W.); (T.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.W.)
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-1126; Fax: +86-25-8332-1714
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Hoca M, Becer E, Kabadayı H, Yücecan S, Vatansever HS. The Effect of Resveratrol and Quercetin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1231-1242. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1670853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences (DESAM), Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hilal Kabadayı
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Yücecan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences (DESAM), Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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173
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Feng CM, Xu Y, Liu JX, Gao YL, Zheng CH. Supervised Discriminative Sparse PCA for Com-Characteristic Gene Selection and Tumor Classification on Multiview Biological Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2019; 30:2926-2937. [PMID: 30802874 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2019.2893190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to study the pathogenesis of diseases. To enhance the interpretability of classical PCA, various improved PCA methods have been proposed to date. Among these, a typical method is the so-called sparse PCA, which focuses on seeking sparse loadings. However, the performance of these methods is still far from satisfactory due to their limitation of using unsupervised learning methods; moreover, the class ambiguity within the sample is high. To overcome this problem, this paper developed a new PCA method, which is named the supervised discriminative sparse PCA (SDSPCA). The main innovation of this method is the incorporation of discriminative information and sparsity into the PCA model. Specifically, in contrast to the traditional sparse PCA, which imposes sparsity on the loadings, here, sparse components are obtained to represent the data. Furthermore, via the linear transformation, the sparse components approximate the given label information. On the one hand, sparse components improve interpretability over the traditional PCA, while on the other hand, they are have discriminative abilities suitable for classification purposes. A simple algorithm is developed, and its convergence proof is provided. SDSPCA has been applied to the common-characteristic gene selection and tumor classification on multiview biological data. The sparsity and classification performance of SDSPCA are empirically verified via abundant, reasonable, and effective experiments, and the obtained results demonstrate that SDSPCA outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
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174
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Huai Y, Hossen MN, Wilhelm S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Nanoparticle Interactions with the Tumor Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2247-2263. [PMID: 31408324 PMCID: PMC6892461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal tissues, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a number of aberrant characteristics including hypoxia, acidosis, and vascular abnormalities. Many researchers have sought to exploit these anomalous features of the TME to develop anticancer therapies, and several nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics have resulted. In this Review, we discuss the composition and pathophysiology of the TME, introduce nanoparticles (NPs) used in cancer therapy, and address the interaction between the TME and NPs. Finally, we outline both the potential problems that affect TME-based nanotherapy and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Md Nazir Hossen
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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175
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Kamran SC, Lennerz JK, Margolis CA, Liu D, Reardon B, Wankowicz SA, Van Seventer EE, Tracy A, Wo JY, Carter SL, Willers H, Corcoran RB, Hong TS, Van Allen EM. Integrative Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5561-5571. [PMID: 31253631 PMCID: PMC6744983 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular properties associated with complete response or acquired resistance to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) are incompletely characterized.Experimental Design: We performed integrated whole-exome/transcriptome sequencing and immune infiltrate analysis on rectal adenocarcinoma tumors prior to neoadjuvant CRT (pre-CRT) and at time of resection (post-CRT) in 17 patients [8 complete/partial responders, 9 nonresponders (NR)]. RESULTS CRT was not associated with increased tumor mutational burden or neoantigen load and did not alter the distribution of established somatic tumor mutations in rectal cancer. Concurrent KRAS/TP53 mutations (KP) associated with NR tumors and were enriched for an epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcriptional program. Furthermore, NR was associated with reduced CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltrates and a post-CRT M2 macrophage phenotype. Absence of any local tumor recurrences, KP/NR status predicted worse progression-free survival, suggesting that local immune escape during or after CRT with specific genomic features contributes to distant progression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, while CRT did not impact genomic profiles, CRT impacted the tumor immune microenvironment, particularly in resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Kamran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire A Margolis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brendan Reardon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie A Wankowicz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam Tracy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Joint Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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176
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Momeny M, Alishahi Z, Eyvani H, Esmaeili F, Zaghal A, Ghaffari P, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Anti-tumor activity of cediranib, a pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:81-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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177
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Cancer stem cell fate determination: a nuclear phenomenon. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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178
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Momeny M, Esmaeili F, Hamzehlou S, Yousefi H, Javadikooshesh S, Vahdatirad V, Alishahi Z, Mousavipak SH, Bashash D, Dehpour AR, Tavangar SM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Haddad P, Kordbacheh F, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. The ERBB receptor inhibitor dacomitinib suppresses proliferation and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:491-504. [PMID: 31025257 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Local progression, early tumor dissemination and low efficacy of current treatments are the major reasons for its high mortality rate. The ERBB family is over-expressed in PDAC and plays essential roles in its tumorigenesis; however, single-targeted ERBB inhibitors have shown limited activity in this disease. Here, we examined the anti-tumor activity of dacomitinib, a pan-ERBB receptor inhibitor, on PDAC cells. METHODS Anti-proliferative effects of dacomitinib were determined using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining. Annexin V/PI staining, radiation therapy and cell migration and invasion assays were carried out to examine the effects of dacomitinib on apoptosis, radio-sensitivity and cell motility, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of dacomitinib. RESULTS We found that dacomitinib diminished PDAC cell proliferation via inhibition of FOXM1 and its targets Aurora kinase B and cyclin B1. Moreover, we found that dacomitinib induced apoptosis and potentiated radio-sensitivity via inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and MCL1. Treatment with dacomitinib attenuated cell migration and invasion through inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers ZEB1, Snail and N-cadherin. In contrast, we found that the anti-tumor activity of single-targeted ERBB agents including cetuximab (anti-EGFR mAb), trastuzumab (anti-HER2 mAb), H3.105.5 (anti-HER3 mAb) and erlotinib (EGFR small molecule inhibitor) were marginal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that dacomitinib-mediated blockade of the ERBB receptors yields advantages over single-targeted ERBB inhibition and provide a rationale for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of dacomitinib in the treatment of ERBB-driven PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Momeny
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Fatemeh Esmaeili
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sepehr Javadikooshesh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vasimeh Vahdatirad
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zivar Alishahi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh H Mousavipak
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed M Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kordbacheh
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Group, ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Targeting acquired oncogenic burden in resilient pancreatic cancer: a novel benefit from marine polyphenols. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:175-193. [PMID: 31367889 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The upsurge of marine-derived therapeutics for cancer treatment is evident, with many drugs in clinical use and in clinical trials. Seaweeds harbor large amounts of polyphenols and their anti-cancer benefit is linear to their anti-oxidant activity. Our studies identified three superlative anti-cancer seaweed polyphenol drug candidates (SW-PD). We investigated the acquisition of oncogenic burden in radiation-resilient pancreatic cancer (PC) that could drive tumor relapse, and elucidated the efficacy of SW-PD candidates as adjuvants in genetically diverse in vitro systems and a mouse model of radiation-residual disease. QPCR profiling of 88 oncogenes in therapy-resilient PC cells identified a 'shared' activation of 40 oncogenes. SW-PD pretreatment inflicted a significant mitigation of acquired (shared) oncogenic burden, in addition to drug- and cell-line-specific repression signatures. Tissue microarray with IHC of radiation-residual tumors in mice signified acquired cellular localization of key oncoproteins and other critical architects. Conversely, SW-PD treatment inhibited the acquisition of these critical drivers of tumor genesis, dissemination, and evolution. Heightened death of resilient PC cells with SW-PD treatment validated the translation aspects. The results defined the acquisition of oncogenic burden in resilient PC and demonstrated that the marine polyphenols effectively target the acquired oncogenic burden and could serve as adjuvant(s) for PC treatment.
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180
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Huai Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Das S, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Gold Nanoparticles sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Cell Stress 2019; 3:267-279. [PMID: 31440741 PMCID: PMC6702449 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.08.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid cancers with dismal prognosis. Several mechanisms that are mainly responsible for aggressiveness and therapy resistance of PDAC cells include epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling. Strategies that inhibit these mechanisms are critically important to improve therapeutic outcome in PDAC. In the current study, we wanted to investigate whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. We demonstrated that treatment with AuNPs of 20 nm diameter inhibited migration and colony forming ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Pre-treatment with AuNPs sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in both viability and colony forming assays. Mechanistically, pre-treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with AuNPs decreased gemcitabine induced EMT, stemness and MAPK activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that AuNPs could be considered as a potential agent to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huai
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xunhao Xiong
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shamik Das
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Wang RQ, Geng J, Sheng WJ, Liu XJ, Jiang M, Zhen YS. The ionophore antibiotic gramicidin A inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cells associated with CD47 down-regulation. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:145. [PMID: 31139022 PMCID: PMC6532126 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), a special population of cells, renew themselves infinitely and resist to various treatment. Gramicidin A (GrA), an ionophore antibiotic derived from microorganism, can form channels across the cell membrane and disrupt cellular ionic homeostasis, leading to cell dysfunction and death. As reported, the ionophore antibiotic salinomycin (Sal) has been proved to kill CSCs effectively. Whether GrA owns the potential as a therapeutic drug for CSCs still remains unknown. This study investigated the effect of GrA on pancreatic CSCs and the mechanism. Methods Tumorsphere formation assay was performed to assess pancreatic CSCs self-renewal potential. In vitro hemolysis assay was determined to test the borderline concentration of GrA. CCK-8 assay was used to detect pancreatic cancer cell proliferation capability. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural morphological changes on cell membrane surface and mitochondria, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine relative protein expression levels. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe CD47 re-distribution. Results GrA at 0.05 μM caused tumorspheres disintegration and decrease in number of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. GrA and Sal both inhibited cancer cell proliferation. The IC50 values of GrA and Sal for BxPC-3 cells were 0.025 μM and 0.363 μM; while for MIA PaCa-2 cells were 0.032 μM and 0.163 μM, respectively. Compared on equal concentrations, the efficacy of GrA was stronger than that of Sal. GrA at 0.1 μM or lower did not cause hemolysis. GrA induced ultrastructural changes, such as the decrease of microvilli-like protrusions on cell surface membrane and the swelling of mitochondria. GrA down-regulated the expression levels of CD133, CD44, and CD47; in addition, CD47 re-distribution was observed on cell surface. Moreover, GrA showed synergism with gemcitabine in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions The study found that GrA was highly active against pancreatic CSCs. It indicates that GrA exerts inhibitory effects against pancreatic CSCs associated with CD47 down-regulation, implying that GrA might play a positive role in modulating the interaction between macrophages and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jing Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wei-Jin Sheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiu-Jun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Min Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yong-Su Zhen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050 China
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182
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Bigdelou Z, Johari B, Kadivar M, Rismani E, Asadi Z, Rahmati M, Saltanatpour Z. Investigation of specific binding of designed oligodeoxynucleotide decoys to transcription factors in HT29 cell line undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22765-22774. [PMID: 31115051 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of master transcriptional regulators of stem cells (Oct4 and Sox2) is associated with mediating tumor proliferation and tumor differentiation. The main goal of this study is the investigation of specific binding of designed Oct4-Sox2 transcription factors decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) sequence to their nucleus-extracted proteins in HT29-ShE cells containing enriched cancer stem-like cells (SCLCs). First, gene expression of Oct4, Sox2, and E-cadherin revealed the overexpression of Oct4 and Sox2 and downregulation of E-cadherin in HT29-ShE cells compared with HT29 wild-type and HT29-ShC cells. Next, Oct4-Sox2 complex decoy ODNs were designed according to their elements in the promoter region of Sox2 gene. Then, the interactions of Oct4 and Sox2 proteins to designed ODNs were evaluated in silico. Finally, DNA-protein interactions of decoy ODNs and their corresponding proteins were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Analysis of gel shift retardation assay admitted the specific binding of designed ODNs sequence to the nuclear extracted Oct4 and Sox2 proteins. The results will be a promising approach to target cancer stem cells for potential use in differentiation therapy before chemotherapy and radiotherapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bigdelou
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoleykha Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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183
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Cho JH, Patel B, Bonala S, Mansouri H, Manne S, Vadrevu SK, Ghouse S, Kung CP, Murphy ME, Astrinidis A, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M. The Codon 72 TP53 Polymorphism Contributes to TSC Tumorigenesis through the Notch-Nodal Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1639-1651. [PMID: 31088907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 90.3% of patients with angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) carry the arginine variant of codon 72 (R72) of TP53 and that R72 increases the risk for angiomyolipoma. R72 transactivates NOTCH1 and NODAL better than the proline variant of codon 72 (P72); therefore, the expression of NOTCH1 and NODAL is increased in angiomyolipoma cells that carry R72. The loss of Tp53 and Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in mice resulted in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with high Notch1 and Nodal expression, suggesting that similar downstream mechanisms contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of p53 loss in mice and p53 polymorphism in humans. The loss of murine Tp53 or expression of human R72 contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of tumor cells through the Notch and Nodal pathways. IMPLICATIONS: This work revealed unexpected contributions of the p53 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of TSC and established signaling alterations caused by this polymorphism as a target for therapy. We found that the codon 72 TP53 polymorphism contributes to TSC-associated tumorigenesis via Notch and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Santosh Bonala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hossein Mansouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,ICCE Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
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184
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Steins A, Ebbing EA, Creemers A, van der Zalm AP, Jibodh RA, Waasdorp C, Meijer SL, van Delden OM, Krishnadath KK, Hulshof MCCM, Bennink RJ, Punt CJA, Medema JP, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Chemoradiation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2792-2803. [PMID: 31018252 PMCID: PMC6767775 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality treatment has advanced the outcome of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but overall survival remains poor. Therapeutic pressure activates effective resistance mechanisms and we characterized these mechanisms in response to the currently used neoadjuvant treatment against EAC: carboplatin, paclitaxel and radiotherapy. We developed an in vitro approximation of this regimen and applied it to primary patient‐derived cultures. We observed a heterogeneous epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT) response to the high therapeutic pressure exerted by chemoradiation. We found EMT to be initiated by the autocrine production and response to transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) of EAC cells. Inhibition of TGF‐β ligands effectively abolished chemoradiation‐induced EMT. Assessment of TGF‐β serum levels in EAC patients revealed that high levels after neoadjuvant treatment predicted the presence of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes on the post‐chemoradiation positron emission tomography‐scan. Our study shows that chemoradiation contributes to resistant metastatic disease in EAC patients by inducing EMT via autocrine TGF‐β production. Monitoring TGF‐β serum levels during treatment could identify those patients at risk of developing metastatic disease, and who would likely benefit from TGF‐β targeting therapy. What's new? Therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence are major setbacks affecting the survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Resistance mechanisms in EAC, however, await elucidation. Here, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of invasive tumor phenotype, was investigated as a possible mechanism driving chemoradiation resistance in EAC. In EAC cells, chemoradiation was found to induce EMT, a process mediated via autocrine TGF‐β production. Inhibition of TGF‐β counteracted this process. In patients, elevated circulating TGF‐β levels post‐chemoradiation were associated with progressive disease. Together, these data suggest that TGF‐β is a useful marker for identifying patients who might benefit from TGF‐β inhibition during chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Creemers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber P van der Zalm
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajni A Jibodh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto M van Delden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C C M Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J Bennink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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185
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Deng R, Fan FY, Yi H, Liu F, He GC, Sun HP, Su Y. MEG3 affects the progression and chemoresistance of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/mTOR pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8144-8153. [PMID: 30556337 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as integral functional and regulatory components in the development of different diseases including cancer. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), is a lncRNA, that has a depressed expression in multiple tumor types, including T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tumorigenic functions of MEG3 in T-LBL remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to discover and identify the function of MEG3 in T-LBL tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance, and explore their mechanisms of action. Knockdown MEG3 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance of T-LBL cells while overexpression of MEG3 gets the opposite results. The mechanism study showed that decreased MEG3 expression in T-LBL cells could activate PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways, increase the expression of p-glycoprotein and affect the expression of EMT markers for transforming to mesenchymal cells in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results indicate that MEG3 could inhibit the migration, invasion, and drug resistance in T-LBL cells by suppression of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. MEG3 might be a potential target, through which poor prognosis with high recurrence and drug resistance of T-LBL in a clinical setting could be reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Deng
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Fang-Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Hai Yi
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Guang-Cui He
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Hao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/Cell Immunotherapy Center, Cheng Du Military General Hospital of PLA, Cheng Du, China
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186
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Hruban RH, Gaida MM, Thompson E, Hong SM, Noë M, Brosens LA, Jongepier M, Offerhaus GJA, Wood LD. Why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? The pathologist's view. J Pathol 2019; 248:131-141. [PMID: 30838636 DOI: 10.1002/path.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer has never been fully explained. Although clearly multifactorial, we postulate that venous invasion, a finding seen in most pancreatic cancers but not in most cancers of other organs, may be a significant, underappreciated contributor to the aggressiveness of this disease. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph H Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Department of General Pathology, The University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michaël Noë
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lodewijk Aa Brosens
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Jongepier
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura D Wood
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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187
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An Y, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Zhang H, Huang C. Molecular insights into cancer drug resistance from a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:413-429. [PMID: 30925852 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1601561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to chemotherapy and development of specific and effective molecular targeted therapies are major obstacles facing current cancer treatment. Comparative proteomic approaches have been employed for the discovery of putative biomarkers associated with cancer drug resistance and have yielded a number of candidate proteins, showing great promise for both novel drug target identification and personalized medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. Areas covered: Herein, we review the recent advances and challenges in proteomics studies on cancer drug resistance with an emphasis on biomarker discovery, as well as understanding the interconnectivity of proteins in disease-related signaling pathways. In addition, we highlight the critical role that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Expert opinion: Revealing changes in proteome profiles and the role of PTMs in drug-resistant cancer is key to deciphering the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the development of sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and related technologies, it is now possible to investigate in depth potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assisting the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao An
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
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188
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NMIIA promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:5500-5515. [PMID: 30967633 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) protein plays an important role in cell cytokinesis and cell migration. The role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of NMIIA in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain elusive. We found that NMIIA is highly expressed in PC tissues and contributes to PC poor progression by using open microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and PC tissue arrays. NMIIA regulates β-catenin mediated EMT to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation of PC cells in vitro and in vivo. NMIIA controls the β-catenin transcriptional activity by interacting with β-catenin. Moreover, MEK/ERK signaling is critical in MLC2 (Ser19) phosphorylation, which can mediate NMIIA activity and regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings highlight the significance of NMIIA in tumor regression and implicate NMIIA as a promising candidate for PC treatment.
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189
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Local environment in biopsy better predict the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190003. [PMID: 30867256 PMCID: PMC6434387 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Here, we analyzed the impact of local and systemic environments on the tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. We recruited 141 patients with rectal cancer treated with nCRT. We evaluated the local tumor environment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), intratumor budding (ITB), and the systemic inflammatory environment, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Our finding revealed that tumor regression was significantly associated with the density of CD8+ TILs in the intraepithelial, the presence of ITB, the combination of NLR and CRP (NLR-CRP) value, and the combination of CD8+ intraepithelial TIL (iTIL) density and ITB presence. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that only the combination of CD8+ iTILs and ITB was an independent predictive factor for the pathological response to nCRT in rectal cancer. Our finding demonstrate that the local tumor environment was a better predictor of the tumor response than the systemic environment and thus provided new insight into screening for patients who are more likely to benefit from cancer treatment.
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190
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Jing L, Ruan Z, Sun H, Li Q, Han L, Huang L, Yu S, Wang Y, Guo H, Jiao M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced cancer-stem-cell-like characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18448-18458. [PMID: 30908631 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma in China accounts for half of the world's incidence. Both epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be involved in tumor malignant progression. However, the relationship between EMT and CSCs is still unclear. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between EMT and CSCs. The EMT and CSC regulatory mechanism was investigated through Transwell, wound-healing, sphere formation, colony-forming, and western blotting assays. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation were used to study the interaction of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) /Notch1. Immunohistochemical study was applied to investigate the expression pattern in the process of hepatocellular carcinogenesis and development. In our present study, bioinformatics results indicate that the expression of EMT-related molecules is correlated with CSCs. In vitro studies indicated that EMT activation could induce CSC characteristics. Notch1 was confirmed to mediate the process of EMT-induced CSCs through the interaction with HIF-1α directly. Our findings indicate that EMT could induce CSC-like characteristics, which is mediated by HIF-1α-upregulated Notch intracellular domain expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- The Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Oncology, he Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanxuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sizhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, he First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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191
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Inagaki Y, Tokunaga T, Yanai M, Wu D, Huang J, Nagase H, Fukuda N, Ozaki T, Soma M, Fujiwara K. Silencing of EPHB2 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of skin squamous cell carcinoma-derived A431 cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3735-3742. [PMID: 30881495 PMCID: PMC6403506 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and their ligand ephrins serve crucial roles in the interactions among epithelial cells. Eph receptor/ephrin signaling regulates cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and migration, via these cell-cell interactions. We reported previously that EPHB2, a member of the Eph receptor family, was highly expressed in chemically induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tissues in mice. Although the higher expression level of EPHB2 has been observed in various human cancers, its roles in the development and progression of cancers are still unclear. In the present study, the functional implications of EPHB2 in the acquisition of malignant phenotypes of cSCC cells was investigated. Silencing of EPHB2 in the human cSCC cell line A431 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like morphological changes accompanied by a significant upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2. In addition, silencing of EPHB2 suppressed anchorage-independent cell growth under 3D culture conditions. Consistent with these observations, EPHB2 exhibited higher levels of expression in tumor spheres formed under 3D culture conditions than in cells cultured in adherent form, and the expression pattern of EMT markers indicated that EMT was suppressed in tumor spheres. The results of the present study indicated that EPHB2 serves a pivotal role in promoting the anchorage-independent growth of A431 cells through the suppression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Inagaki
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tokunaga
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Yanai
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The 5th Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Department of Nephropathy, The 5th Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Department of DNA Damage Signaling, Research Center, The 5th Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sasaki Foundation Kyoundo Hospital, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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192
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Synergistic effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy on bladder cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:148-154. [PMID: 30884284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance as an important barrier to cancer treatment, has a close relation with alteration of cancer metabolism. Therefore, in this study the synergistic effect of phototherapy and chemotherapy were investigated on the bladder cancer cells viability. The cytotoxicity effect of blue light irradiation was measured by the MTT assay. Glucose consumption, lactate and ammonium formation were analyzed in the blue LED-irradiated cancer cells culture. Also, the expression of some genes involved in apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition was assessed using real-time PCR in comparison with the control group. The analysis of the results indicated that blue light irradiation inhibited the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Blue light irradiation decreased the cell viability by 7% and 19% (p < .05) in 5637 cells at doses of 8.7 J/cm2 and 17.5 J/cm2 in comparison with the control group respectively. Glucose consumption, lactate and ammonium formation diminished in the blue LED-irradiated 5637 cells in both doses. The real time PCR results indicated that the expression of Bax increased in blue light-irradiated cells. In addition, the cell cycle analysis showed that blue light irradiation arrested the bladder cancer in the G1 phase. Also, the effect of combination therapy on cancer cells was investigated in presence of blue light irradiation and cisplatin. The obtained results of the MTT assay indicated that blue light irradiation enhance the cytotoxicity effect of cisplatin on bladder cancer cells.
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193
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Domenichini A, Edmands JS, Adamska A, Begicevic RR, Paternoster S, Falasca M. Pancreatic cancer tumorspheres are cancer stem-like cells with increased chemoresistance and reduced metabolic potential. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 72:63-77. [PMID: 30853342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a population of slow-cycling cells within the tumour bulk, with self-renewal capacity that attracts interest as a therapeutic target. In highly heterogeneous tumours, like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) however, the characterisation of cancer stem cells has led to controversial results due to the lack of consensus on specific markers. Here we investigated the characteristics of a population of pancreatic cancer tumorspheres derived from different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and a primary line from a genetically engineered KPC mouse model, using flow cytometry and western blotting to analyse surface and stemness markers. We analysed tumorspheres tumorigenic potential using anchorage-independent soft agar assay as well as their metabolic plasticity and chemoresistance. Pancreatic cancer tumorspheres display a heterogeneous pattern of surface and stemness markers, nevertheless they are characterised by an increased tumorigenic potential and higher chemoresistance. In addition, we have shown that pancreatic cancer tumorspheres have a unique metabolic profile with reduced metabolic potential. Together our results indicate that, despite the heterogeneity characterising pancreatic cancer tumorspheres, we can identify a functional vulnerability that represents a window for pharmacological intervention and development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Domenichini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jeanne S Edmands
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Romana-Rea Begicevic
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Silvano Paternoster
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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194
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Breuer EK, Fukushiro-Lopes D, Dalheim A, Burnette M, Zartman J, Kaja S, Wells C, Campo L, Curtis KJ, Romero-Moreno R, Littlepage LE, Niebur GL, Hoskins K, Nishimura MI, Gentile S. Potassium channel activity controls breast cancer metastasis by affecting β-catenin signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:180. [PMID: 30792401 PMCID: PMC6385342 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ion channels are critical in the regulation of cell motility. The acquisition of cell motility is an essential parameter of cancer metastasis. However, the role of K+ channels in cancer metastasis has been poorly studied. High expression of the hG1 gene, which encodes for Kv11.1 channel associates with good prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (BC). We evaluated the efficacy of the Kv11.1 activator NS1643 in arresting metastasis in a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse model. NS1643 significantly reduces the metastatic spread of breast tumors in vivo by inhibiting cell motility, reprogramming epithelial–mesenchymal transition via attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppressing cancer cell stemness. Our findings provide important information regarding the clinical relevance of potassium ion channel expression in breast tumors and the mechanisms by which potassium channel activity can modulate tumor biology. Findings suggest that Kv11.1 activators may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic estrogen receptor-negative BC. Ion channels are critical factor for cell motility but little is known about their role in metastasis. Stimulation of the Kv11.1 channel suppress the metastatic phenotype in TNBC. This work could represent a paradigm-shifting approach to reducing mortality by targeting a pathway that is central to the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Daniela Fukushiro-Lopes
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Annika Dalheim
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Miranda Burnette
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jeremiah Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.,Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Claire Wells
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Rm. 2.34 A New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1 UL, UK
| | - Loredana Campo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kimberly J Curtis
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Ricardo Romero-Moreno
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Glen L Niebur
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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195
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El Bezawy R, Tinelli S, Tortoreto M, Doldi V, Zuco V, Folini M, Stucchi C, Rancati T, Valdagni R, Gandellini P, Zaffaroni N. miR-205 enhances radiation sensitivity of prostate cancer cells by impairing DNA damage repair through PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:51. [PMID: 30717752 PMCID: PMC6360656 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options for non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Although treatment technical optimization has greatly improved local tumor control, a considerable fraction of patients still experience relapse due to the development of resistance. Radioresistance is a complex and still poorly understood phenomenon involving the deregulation of a variety of signaling pathways as a consequence of several genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. In this context, cumulative evidence supports a functional role of microRNAs in affecting radioresistance, suggesting the modulation of their expression as a novel radiosensitizing approach. Here, we investigated for the first time the ability of miR-205 to enhance the radiation response of PCa models. METHODS miR-205 reconstitution by a miRNA mimic in PCa cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) was used to elucidate miR-205 biological role. Radiation response in miRNA-reconstituted and control cells was assessed by clonogenic assay, immunofluorescence-based detection of nuclear γ-H2AX foci and comet assay. RNAi was used to silence the miRNA targets PKCε or ZEB1. In addition, target-protection experiments were carried out using a custom oligonucleotide designed to physically disrupt the pairing between the miR-205 and PKCε. For in vivo experiments, xenografts generated in SCID mice by implanting DU145 cells stably expressing miR-205 were exposed to 5-Gy single dose irradiation using an image-guided animal micro-irradiator. RESULTS miR-205 reconstitution was able to significantly enhance the radiation response of prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts through the impairment of radiation-induced DNA damage repair, as a consequence of PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. Indeed, phenocopy experiments based on knock-down of either PKCε or ZEB1 reproduced miR-205 radiosensitizing effect, hence confirming a functional role of both targets in the process. At the molecular level, miR-205-induced suppression of PKCε counteracted radioresistance through the impairment of EGFR nuclear translocation and the consequent DNA-PK activation. Consistently, disruption of miR-205-PKCε 3'UTR pairing almost completely abrogated the radiosensitizing effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncovered the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the radiosensitizing effect of miR-205. These findings support the clinical interest in developing a novel therapeutic approach based on miR-205 reconstitution to increase PCa response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan El Bezawy
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Tinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Stucchi
- Medical Physics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Radiation Oncology 1 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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196
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Mu W, Wang Z, Zöller M. Ping-Pong-Tumor and Host in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1359. [PMID: 31921628 PMCID: PMC6927459 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of high pancreatic cancer (PaCa) mortality and trials dampening PaCa mortality rates are not satisfying. Tumor progression is driven by the crosstalk between tumor cells, predominantly cancer-initiating cells (CIC), and surrounding cells and tissues as well as distant organs, where tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) are of major importance. A strong stroma reaction, recruitment of immunosuppressive leukocytes, perineural invasion, and early spread toward the peritoneal cavity, liver, and lung are shared with several epithelial cell-derived cancer, but are most prominent in PaCa. Here, we report on the state of knowledge on the PaCIC markers Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CD44v6, CXCR4, LRP5/6, LRG5, claudin7, EpCAM, and CD133, which all, but at different steps, are engaged in the metastatic cascade, frequently via PaCIC-TEX. This includes the contribution of PaCIC markers to TEX biogenesis, targeting, and uptake. We then discuss PaCa-selective features, where feedback loops between stromal elements and tumor cells, including distorted transcription, signal transduction, and metabolic shifts, establish vicious circles. For the latter particularly pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are responsible, furnishing PaCa to cope with poor angiogenesis-promoted hypoxia by metabolic shifts and direct nutrient transfer via vesicles. Furthermore, nerves including Schwann cells deliver a large range of tumor cell attracting factors and Schwann cells additionally support PaCa cell survival by signaling receptor binding. PSC, tumor-associated macrophages, and components of the dysplastic stroma contribute to perineural invasion with signaling pathway activation including the cholinergic system. Last, PaCa aggressiveness is strongly assisted by the immune system. Although rich in immune cells, only immunosuppressive cells and factors are recovered in proximity to tumor cells and hamper effector immune cells entering the tumor stroma. Besides a paucity of immunostimulatory factors and receptors, immunosuppressive cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T-cells, and M2 macrophages as well as PSC actively inhibit effector cell activation. This accounts for NK cells of the non-adaptive and cytotoxic T-cells of the adaptive immune system. We anticipate further deciphering the molecular background of these recently unraveled intermingled phenomena may turn most lethal PaCa into a curatively treatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Mu
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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197
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Yu LY, Shen YA, Chen MH, Wen YH, Hsieh PI, Lo CL. The feasibility of ROS- and GSH-responsive micelles for treating tumor-initiating and metastatic cancer stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, stimuli-responsive micelles were prepared to evaluate the effect of micellar composition on cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yi Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 112
- Republic of China
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Ming-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 112
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 112
- Republic of China
| | - Po-I Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 112
- Republic of China
| | - Chun-Liang Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei 112
- Republic of China
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research
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198
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Cao J, Li J, Sun L, Qin T, Xiao Y, Chen K, Qian W, Duan W, Lei J, Ma J, Ma Q, Han L. Hypoxia-driven paracrine osteopontin/integrin αvβ3 signaling promotes pancreatic cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties by modulating forkhead box protein M1. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:228-245. [PMID: 30367545 PMCID: PMC6360359 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a key component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to tumor invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated glycoprotein, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. However, OPN expression in PSCs and its potential roles in tumor–stroma interactions remain unclear. The present study first showed that OPN is highly expressed and secreted in activated PSCs driven by hypoxia, and this process is in a ROS‐dependent manner; in addition, OPN was shown to be involved in the PSC‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)‐like properties of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Mechanistically, OPN from activated PSCs interacts with the transmembrane receptor integrin αvβ3 on PCCs to upregulate forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) expression and induce malignant phenotypes of PCCs. Moreover, the Akt and Erk pathways participate in OPN/integrin αvβ3 axis‐induced FOXM1 expression of PCCs. Our further analysis showed that OPN and FOXM1 are significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and are associated with poor clinical outcome, indicating that OPN and FOXM1 might be considered as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, we show here for the first time that OPN promotes the EMT and CSC‐like properties of PCCs by activating the integrin αvβ3‐Akt/Erk‐FOXM1 cascade in a paracrine manner, suggesting that targeting the tumor microenvironment represents a promising therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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199
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Nagaraju GP, Benton L, Bethi SR, Shoji M, El-Rayes BF. Curcumin analogs: Their roles in pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2018; 145:10-19. [PMID: 30226272 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic constituent of turmeric that is known to have various molecular effects in preclinical models, leading to prevention and anticancer properties. In clinical trials, curcumin has failed to demonstrate activity against pancreatic cancer possibly due to its low bioavailability and potency. Using the curcumin molecular model, our group and others have synthesized several analogs with better bioavailability and higher potency in pancreatic cancer in vitro and xenograft models. This mini review summarizes some of the known molecular effects of curcumin analogs and their potential role as novel therapeutics for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Benton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shipra Reddy Bethi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mamoru Shoji
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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200
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Li Y, Shi S, Ming Y, Wang L, Li C, Luo M, Li Z, Li B, Chen J. Specific cancer stem cell-therapy by albumin nanoparticles functionalized with CD44-mediated targeting. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:99. [PMID: 30501644 PMCID: PMC6271611 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly proliferative and tumorigenic, which contributes to chemotherapy resistance and tumor occurrence. CSCs specific therapy may achieve excellent therapeutic effects, especially to the drug-resistant tumors. RESULTS In this study, we developed a kind of targeting nanoparticle system based on cationic albumin functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) to target the CD44 overexpressed CSCs. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) was encapsulated in the nanoparticles with ultrahigh encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 93% and loading content of 8.37%. TEM analysis showed the nanoparticles were spherical, uniform-sized and surrounded by a coating layer consists of HA. Four weeks of continuously measurements of size, PDI and EE% revealed the high stability of nanoparticles. Thanks to HA conjugation on the surface, the resultant nanoparticles (HA-eNPs) demonstrated high affinity and specific binding to CD44-enriched B16F10 cells. In vivo imaging revealed that HA-eNPs can targeted accumulate in tumor-bearing lung of mouse. The cytotoxicity tests illustrated that ATRA-laden HA-eNPs possessed better killing ability to B16F10 cells than free drug or normal nanoparticles in the same dose, indicating its good targeting property. Moreover, HA-eNPs/ATRA treatment decreased side population of B16F10 cells significantly in vitro. Finally, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by HA-eNPs/ATRA in lung metastasis tumor mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the HA functionalized albumin nanoparticles is an efficient system for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs to eliminate the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghe Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery of Army Medical University, 10# Changjiangzhilu, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
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