151
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Wu Y, Nie Y, Huang J, Qiu Y, Wan B, Liu G, Chen J, Chen D, Pang Q. Protostemonine alleviates heat-killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105964. [PMID: 31669889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by gram-positive bacteria threatens human life because effective treatments and medicines is unavailable. Protostemonine (PSN), an active alkaloid mainly isolated from the roots of Stemona sesslifolia, has anti-inflammatory effects on asthma and gram-negative bacteria-induced ALI. Here, we found that PSN exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates heat-killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HKMRSA)-induced pneumonia. PSN treatment significantly attenuated HKMRSA-induced pathological injury, pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, tissue permeability and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in murine ALI model. In addition, PSN decreased the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and the expression of iNOS, as well as the production of NO in HKMRSA-induced bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, treatment with PSN suppressed the activation of MAPKs (e.g. p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK) and NF-κB. Collectively, our results suggest that PSN ameliorates gram-positive bacteria-induced ALI in mice by inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and our studies suggest that PSN might be a novel candidate for treating ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yunjuan Nie
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, PR China
| | - Yubao Qiu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Binbin Wan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Qingfeng Pang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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152
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He C, Lin HY, Wang CC, Zhang M, Lin YY, Huang FY, Lin YZ, Tan GH. Exopolysaccharide from Paecilomyces lilacinus modulates macrophage activities through the TLR4/NF‑κB/MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4943-4952. [PMID: 31638207 PMCID: PMC6854591 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been isolated from various organisms in extreme environments and have yielded a variety of activities. The present study evaluated the immunomodulatory capabilities of an EPS (termed PH‑EPS) derived from the fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus PH0016, which was isolated from a tropical and hyperhaline environment in southern China. The macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line was used to investigate the mechanism of PH‑EPS‑induced macrophage activation. The results indicated that RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated by PH‑EPS, in an effect slightly inferior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as evidenced by secretion of interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and nitric oxide (NO), and by significantly increased phagocytosis in the cells treated with PH‑EPS. Nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65 was significantly translocated into the nucleus in the PH‑EPS‑treated cells. In addition, expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and IκB‑α degradation were enhanced in PH‑EPS‑treated cells. The phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK and ERK were also significantly increased in the PH‑EPS‑treated cells. Furthermore, IL‑1β and TNF‑α production was markedly decreased in PH‑EPS‑treated cells when the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were blocked by the inhibitor Dectin‑1 and by antibodies against Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4). The present results indicated that PH‑EPS from Paecilomyces lilacinus possessed the capability of activating RAW 264.7 cells via the TLR4/NF‑κB/MAPKs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Chun Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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153
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Kumar G, Roger PM. From Crosstalk between Immune and Bone Cells to Bone Erosion in Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5154. [PMID: 31627424 PMCID: PMC6834200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection and inflammation leads to the infiltration of immune cells at the site of infection, where they modulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts by the secretion of various cytokines and signal mediators. In recent years, there has been a tremendous effort to understand the cells involved in these interactions and the complex pathways of signal transduction and their ultimate effect on bone metabolism. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Diseases falling into the category of osteoimmunology, such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and bone infections are considered to have a significant implication in mortality and morbidity of patients, along with affecting their quality of life. There is a much-needed research focus in this new field, as the reported data on the immunomodulation of immune cells and their signaling pathways seems to have promising therapeutic benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Unité 576, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06200 Nice, France.
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Pierre-Marie Roger
- Unité 576, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 06200 Nice, France.
- Service d'Infectiologie, Hôpital Archet 1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06200 Nice, France.
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154
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Gene Expression Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix Signature in Macrophages of Different Activation Status: Relevance for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205086. [PMID: 31615030 PMCID: PMC6829210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for tissue architecture and is a major effector of cell behavior during skin repair and inflammation. Macrophages are involved in all stages of skin repair but only limited knowledge exists about macrophage-specific expression and regulation of ECM components. In this study, we used transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis to define the unique expression of ECM-associated genes in cultured macrophages. Characterization of the matrisome revealed that most genes were constitutively expressed and that several genes were uniquely regulated upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) and dexamethasone stimulation. Among those core matrisome and matrisome-associated components transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-induced, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), elastin microfibril interfacer (EMILIN)-1, netrin-1 and gliomedin were also present within the wound bed at time points that are characterized by profound macrophage infiltration. Hence, macrophages are a source of ECM components in vitro as well as during skin wound healing, and identification of these matrisome components is a first step to understand the role and therapeutic value of ECM components in macrophages and during wound healing.
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155
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Al-Mossawi H, Yager N, Taylor CA, Lau E, Danielli S, de Wit J, Gilchrist J, Nassiri I, Mahe EA, Lee W, Rizvi L, Makino S, Cheeseman J, Neville M, Knight JC, Bowness P, Fairfax BP. Context-specific regulation of surface and soluble IL7R expression by an autoimmune risk allele. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4575. [PMID: 31594933 PMCID: PMC6783569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-7 is a key factor in T cell immunity and common variants at IL7R, encoding its receptor, are associated with autoimmune disease susceptibility. IL7R mRNA is induced in stimulated monocytes, yet a function for IL7R in monocyte biology remains unexplored. Here we characterize genetic regulation of IL7R at the protein level in healthy individuals, and find that monocyte surface and soluble IL7R (sIL7R) are markedly induced by lipopolysaccharide. In monocytes, both surface IL7R and sIL7R expression strongly associate with allelic carriage of rs6897932, a disease-associated IL7R polymorphism. Monocytes produce more sIL7R than CD4 + T cells, and the amount is additionally correlated with the expression of DDX39A, encoding a splicing factor. Synovial fluid-derived monocytes from patients with spondyloarthritis are enriched for IL7R+ cells with a unique transcriptional profile that overlaps with IL-7-induced gene sets. Our data thus suggest a previously unappreciated function for monocytes in IL-7 biology and IL7R-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Yager
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chelsea A Taylor
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Danielli
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Gilchrist
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isar Nassiri
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Elise A Mahe
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Wanseon Lee
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laila Rizvi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seiko Makino
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Cheeseman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.
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156
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Genetic programming of macrophages to perform anti-tumor functions using targeted mRNA nanocarriers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3974. [PMID: 31481662 PMCID: PMC6722139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually express an M2 phenotype, which enables them to perform immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting functions. Reprogramming these TAMs toward an M1 phenotype could thwart their pro-cancer activities and unleash anti-tumor immunity, but efforts to accomplish this are nonspecific and elicit systemic inflammation. Here we describe a targeted nanocarrier that can deliver in vitro-transcribed mRNA encoding M1-polarizing transcription factors to reprogram TAMs without causing systemic toxicity. We demonstrate in models of ovarian cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma that infusions of nanoparticles formulated with mRNAs encoding interferon regulatory factor 5 in combination with its activating kinase IKKβ reverse the immunosuppressive, tumor-supporting state of TAMs and reprogram them to a phenotype that induces anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor regression. We further establish that these nanoreagents are safe for repeated dosing. Implemented in the clinic, this immunotherapy could enable physicians to obviate suppressive tumors while avoiding systemic treatments that disrupt immune homeostasis.
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157
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Macrophages with regulatory functions, a possible new therapeutic perspective in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102369. [PMID: 31404701 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are pivotal cells involved in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In fact, during these diseases, activated macrophages may play a critical role, promoting the inflammation as well as mediating the damage resolution. This dichotomy is referred to two end-stage phenotypes of macrophages, conventionally known as M1 and M2, playing a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory role, respectively. The M1 macrophages are the mainly subset involved during inflammatory processes, producing pro-inflammatory mediators. Conversely, the M2 macrophages are proposed to contribute to the resolution phase of inflammation, when cells with pro-resolving property are recruited and activated. In fact, this subset of macrophages may activate regulatory T lymphocytes, which play a critical role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. On these bases, the polarization toward the M2 phenotype could play a therapeutic role for autoimmune diseases. In this Review we discussed the characteristic of M1 and M2 macrophages, focusing on the immunoregulatory role of M2 cells and their potential ability to control the inflammation and to promote the immunological tolerance.
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158
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Seim GL, Britt EC, John SV, Yeo FJ, Johnson AR, Eisenstein RS, Pagliarini DJ, Fan J. Two-stage metabolic remodelling in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation. Nat Metab 2019; 1:731-742. [PMID: 32259027 PMCID: PMC7108803 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to signals associated with infection or tissue damage, macrophages undergo a series of dynamic phenotypic changes. Here we show that during the response to LPS and interferon-γ stimulation, metabolic reprogramming in macrophages is also highly dynamic. Specifically, the TCA cycle undergoes a two-stage remodeling: the early stage is characterized by a transient accumulation of intermediates including succinate and itaconate, while the late stage is marked by the subsidence of these metabolites. The metabolic transition into the late stage is largely driven by the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC), which is controlled by the dynamic changes in lipoylation state of both PDHC and OGDC E2 subunits and phosphorylation of PDHC E1 subunit. This dynamic metabolic reprogramming results in a transient metabolic state that strongly favors HIF-1α stabilization during the early stage, which subsides by the late stage; consistently, HIF-1α levels follow this trend. This study elucidates a dynamic and mechanistic picture of metabolic reprogramming in LPS and interferon-γ stimulated macrophages, and provides insights into how changing metabolism can regulate the functional transitions in macrophages over a course of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Steven V John
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Richard S Eisenstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
- Correspondence to
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159
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Hu Y, Wang B, Shen J, Low SA, Putt KS, Niessen HWM, Matteson EL, Murphy L, Ruppert C, Jansen G, Oliver SJ, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS, Nickerson-Nutter C, Low PS. Depletion of activated macrophages with a folate receptor-beta-specific antibody improves symptoms in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:143. [PMID: 31174578 PMCID: PMC6555977 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Most therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases either neutralize or suppress production of inflammatory cytokines produced by activated macrophages (e.g., TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, GM-CSF). However, no approved therapies directly target this activated subset of macrophages. Methods First, we undertook to examine whether the folate receptor beta (FR-β) positive subpopulation of macrophages, which marks the inflammatory subset in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, might constitute the prominent population of macrophages in inflamed lesions in humans. Next, we utilized anti-FR-β monoclonal antibodies capable of mediating antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) to treat animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and peritonitis. Results Human tissue samples of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and scleroderma are all characterized by dramatic accumulation of macrophages that express FR-β, a protein not expressed on resting macrophages or any other healthy tissues. A monoclonal antibody to FR-β accumulates specifically in inflamed lesions of murine inflammatory disease models and successfully treats such models of rheumatoid arthritis and peritonitis. More importantly, elimination of FR-β-positive macrophages upon treatment with an anti-FR-β monoclonal antibody promotes the departure of other immune cells, including T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells from the inflamed lesions. Conclusions These data suggest that specific elimination of FR-β-expressing macrophages may constitute a highly specific therapy for multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and that a recently developed human anti-human FR-β monoclonal antibody (m909) might contribute to suppression of this subpopulation of macrophages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1912-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jiayin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Stewart A Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ACS, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linda Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Oliver
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Feng
- Protein Interactions Section, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15216, USA
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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160
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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161
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Nakamura T, Satoh-Nakamura T, Nakajima A, Kawanami T, Sakai T, Fujita Y, Iwao H, Miki M, Masaki Y, Okazaki T, Ishigaki Y, Kawano M, Yamada K, Matsui S, Saeki T, Kamisawa T, Yamamoto M, Hamano H, Origuchi T, Hirata S, Tanaka Y, Tsuboi H, Sumida T, Okazaki K, Tanaka M, Chiba T, Mimori T, Umehara H. Impaired expression of innate immunity-related genes in IgG4-related disease: A possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:551-557. [PMID: 31116057 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1621475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 and tissue infiltration by IgG4-positive plasma cells. The pathogenesis of this disease is not clear. Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify genes over- and under-expressed in patients with IgG4-RD.Method: DNA microarray analysis was performed using RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two patients with IgG4-RD and four healthy individuals. Genes showing a greater than threefold change in expression in IgG4-RD patients following steroid therapy were identified. Four genes related to innate immunity such as transcobalamin I (TCN1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) and lactotransferrin (LTF) were assessed by real-time PCR in 15 IgG4-RD patients and 13 healthy individuals.Result: DNA microarray analysis identified 30 genes showing a greater than threefold change in expression in IgG4-RD patients following steroid therapy. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the levels of mRNAs encoding TCNI and SLPI, except for BPI and LTF, were significantly lower in patients with IgG4-RD than in healthy people. The levels of all four mRNAs in patients with IgG4-RD were significantly increased after steroid treatment.Conclusion: These results indicate that reduction in expression of innate immunity-related genes may participate in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD that steroid treatment may rectify impaired innate immunity as well as acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Satoh-Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akio Nakajima
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Kudo General Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawanami
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sakai
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Fujita
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruka Iwao
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miyuki Miki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Masaki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shoko Matsui
- Health Administration Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takako Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Terumi Kamisawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hamano
- Medical Informatics Division and Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Umehara
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nagahama City Hospital, Shiga, Japan.,Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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162
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Balasubramanian N, Quinn MT. Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of Natural Organosulfur Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091809. [PMID: 31083328 PMCID: PMC6539273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds are bioactive components of garlic essential oil (EO), mustard oil, Ferula EOs, asafoetida, and other plant and food extracts. Traditionally, garlic (Allium sativum) is used to boost the immune system; however, the mechanisms involved in the putative immunomodulatory effects of garlic are unknown. We investigated the effects of garlic EO and 22 organosulfur compounds on human neutrophil responses. Garlic EO, allyl propyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) directly activated Ca2+ flux in neutrophils, with the most potent being AITC. Although 1,3-dithiane did not activate neutrophil Ca2+ flux, this minor constituent of garlic EO stimulated neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In contrast, a close analog (1,4-dithiane) was unable to activate neutrophil ROS production. Although 1,3-dithiane-1-oxide also stimulated neutrophil ROS production, only traces of this oxidation product were generated after a 5 h treatment of HL60 cells with 1,3-dithiane. Evaluation of several phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors with different subtype specificities (A-66, TGX 221, AS605240, and PI 3065) showed that the PI3K p110δ inhibitor PI 3065 was the most potent inhibitor of 1,3-dithiane-induced neutrophil ROS production. Furthermore, 1,3-dithiane enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β), and cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein in differentiated neutrophil-like HL60 cells. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the reactivity of 1,3-dithiane vs. 1,4-dithiane, based on the frontier molecular orbital analysis. Our results demonstrate that certain organosulfur compounds can activate neutrophil functional activity and may serve as biological response modifiers by augmenting phagocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | | | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune diseases are of unknown origin, and they represent significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Here, we review new developments in the understanding of their pathogenesis that have led to development of well tolerated and effective treatments. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the long-recognized genetic impact of the HLA locus, interferon regulatory factors, PTPN22, STAT4, and NOX have been implicated in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Smoking, ultraviolet light, diet, and microbiota exert strong environmental influence on development of RA and SLE. Metabolism has been recognized as a critical integrator of genetic and environmental factors, and it controls immune cell differentiation both under physiological and pathological conditions. SUMMARY With the advent of high-throughput genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic technologies, the field of medicine has been shifting towards systems-based and personalized approaches to diagnose and treat common conditions, including rheumatic diseases. Regulatory checkpoints of metabolism and signal transduction, such as glucose utilization, mitochondrial electron transport, JAK, mTOR, and AMPK pathway activation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 have presented new targets for therapeutic intervention. This review amalgamates recent discoveries in genetics and metabolomics with immunological pathways of pathogenesis in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, USA
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164
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Soni C, Sinha I, Fasnacht MJ, Olsen NJ, Rahman ZSM, Sinha R. Selenium supplementation suppresses immunological and serological features of lupus in B6.Sle1b mice. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:57-68. [PMID: 31006265 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1603297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating multi-factorial immunological disorder characterized by increased inflammation and development of anti-nuclear autoantibodies. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with beneficial anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory immunological functions. In our previous proteomics study, analysis of Se-responsive markers in the circulation of Se-supplemented healthy men showed a significant increase in complement proteins. Additionally, Se supplementation prolonged the life span of lupus prone NZB/NZW-F1 mice. To better understand the protective immunological role of Se in SLE pathogenesis, we have investigated the impact of Se on B cells and macrophages using in vitro Se supplementation assays and the B6.Sle1b mouse model of lupus with an oral Se or placebo supplementation regimen. Analysis of Se-treated B6.Sle1b mice showed reduced splenomegaly and splenic cellularity compared to untreated B6. Sle1b mice. A significant reduction in total B cells and notably germinal center (GC) B cell numbers was observed. However, other cell types including T cells, Tregs, DCs and pDCs were unaffected. Consistent with reduced GC B cells there was a significant reduction in autoantibodies to dsDNA and SmRNP of the IgG2b and IgG2c subclass upon Se supplementation. We found that increased Se availability leads to impaired differentiation and maturation of macrophages from mouse bone marrow derived progenitors in vitro. Additionally, Se treatment during in vitro activation of B cells with anti-CD40L and LPS inhibited optimal B cell activation. Overall our data indicate that Se supplementation inhibits activation, differentiation and maturation of B cells and macrophages. Its specific inhibitory effect on B cell activation and GC B cell differentiation could be explored as a potential therapeutic supplement for SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Soni
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Indu Sinha
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Melinda J Fasnacht
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- c Department of Rheumatology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
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165
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Rigi G, Ghaedmohammadi S, Ahmadian G. A comprehensive review on staphylococcal protein A (SpA): Its production and applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:454-464. [PMID: 30869160 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) can be obtained through the culture of wild-type S. aureus and also as a recombinant protein in safe bacterial hosts. Several methods have been used to purify SpA among which ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC) are common. SpA has a wide range of biochemical, biotechnological, and medical applications and is most commonly used in test methods such as immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting. SpA has also been widely utilized in pharmaceutical applications to bind to immune complexes and serum immunoglobulins. SpA also directly binds to the B-cells preventing initiation of infectious diseases as well as having a role in the development of various autoimmune diseases. This review considers different applications of SpA in biotechnology and its novel clinical application for effective treatment of autoimmune diseases. It also discusses various strategies for expression and purification of the SpA including types of column chromatography that are commonly used in protein purification and developing SpA surface display technologies. Finally, this review highlights the potential and novel applications of SpA immobilization, SpA typing, protein engineering for further development of immunological and biochemical research, and also application of SpA as a diagnostic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garshasb Rigi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 881 863 4141, Iran.,Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Ghaedmohammadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Associate Professor, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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166
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Emodin regulates neutrophil phenotypes to prevent hypercoagulation and lung carcinogenesis. J Transl Med 2019; 17:90. [PMID: 30885207 PMCID: PMC6423780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercoagulation and neutrophilia are described in several cancers, however, whether they are involved in lung carcinogenesis is currently unknown. Emodin is the main bioactive component from Rheum palmatum and has many medicinal values, such as anti-inflammation and anticancer. This study is to investigate the contributions of neutrophils to the effects of emodin on hypercoagulation and carcinogenesis. METHODS The effects of emodin on neutrophil phenotypes were assessed by cell proliferation, morphological changes, phagocytosis and autophagy in vitro. The anti-coagulation and cancer-preventing actions of emodin were evaluated in the urethane-induced lung carcinogenic model. The expressions of Cit-H3 and PAD4 in lung sections were assessed by immunohistochemistry, CD66b+ neutrophils were distinguished by immunofluorescence, and cytokines and ROS were examined with ELISA. The neutrophils-regulating and hypercoagulation-improving efficacies of emodin were confirmed in a Lewis lung cancer allograft model. The related targets and pathways of emodin were predicted by network pharmacology. RESULTS In vitro, emodin at the dose of 20 µM had no effect on cell viability in HL-60N1 but increased ROS and decreased autophagy and thus induced apoptosis in HL-60N2 with the morphological changes. In the urethane-induced lung carcinogenic model, before lung carcinogenesis, urethane induced obvious hypercoagulation which was positively correlated with lung N2 neutrophils. There were the aggravated hypercoagulation and lung N2 neutrophils after lung carcinoma lesions. Emodin treatment resulted in the ameliorated hypercoagulation and lung carcinogenesis accompanied by the decreased N2 neutrophils (CD66b+) in the alveolar cavity. ELISA showed that there were more IFN-γ, IL-12 and ROS and less IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the alveolar cavity in the emodin group than those in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that emodin treatment decreased Cit-H3 and PAD4 in lung sections. In the Lewis lung cancer allograft model, emodin inhibits tumor growth accompanied by the attenuated coagulation and intratumor N2 neutrophils. Network pharmacology indicated the multi-target roles of emodin in N2 neutrophil activation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a novel function of emodin, whereby it selectively suppresses N2 neutrophils to prevent hypercoagulation and lung carcinogenesis.
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167
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Chen SJ, Lin GJ, Chen JW, Wang KC, Tien CH, Hu CF, Chang CN, Hsu WF, Fan HC, Sytwu HK. Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Immune-Modulated Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061332. [PMID: 30884802 PMCID: PMC6470801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. The orchestra of the inflammatory process among various immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxidative stress play critical immunopathologic roles in the inflammatory cascade of the joint environment, leading to clinical impairment and RA. With the growing understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, increasingly novel marked and potential biologic agents have merged for the treatment of RA in recent years. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, highlight novel biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMRADs), targeted synthetic DMRADs, and immune-modulating agents, and identify the applicable immune-mediated therapeutic strategies of the near future. In conclusion, new therapeutic approaches are emerging through a better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of RA, which is improving disease outcomes better than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Wun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin St., Pai-Tou, Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Hsi Tien
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarborHospital, No. 699, Section 8, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung City 435, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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168
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Liddicoat AM, Lavelle EC. Modulation of innate immunity by cyclosporine A. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:472-480. [PMID: 30880061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A has long been known to suppress T cell responses by inhibiting the production of IL-2, which drives T cell proliferation, enabling its use as a therapeutic for transplantation or autoimmunity. However, cyclosporine A also impacts on innate immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. In dendritic cells, which are essential for T cell priming, cyclosporine A can modulate both expression of surface molecules that engage with T cells and cytokine secretion, leading to altered induction of T cell responses. In macrophages and neutrophils, which play key antimicrobial roles, cyclosporine A reduces the production of cytokines that can play protective roles against pathogens. Some of these molecules, if produced in the context of chronic disease, can also contribute to pathology. There have been a number of elegant recent studies addressing the mechanisms by which cyclosporine A can modulate innate immunity. In particular, cyclosporine A inhibits the release of mitochondrial factors that stimulate the production of type 1 interferons by innate immune cells. This review addresses the emerging literature on modulation of innate immune responses by cyclosporine A, its resultant impact on adaptive immune responses and how this offers potential for new therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Liddicoat
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland.
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169
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Han J, Zhang M, Lin HY, Huang FY, Lin YY, Tan GH, Zheng ZY. Impaired Autophagic Degradation of Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Protein by Macrophages in Lattice Corneal Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:978-989. [PMID: 30884524 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) is related to the denaturation of transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (TGFBIp). Autophagic degradation of the denatured proteins by macrophages is one pathway to remove the denatured proteins. Thus, we investigated the role of autophagy in the degradation of mutant (MU) TGFBIp in macrophages. Methods Corneas from participants were observed by slit-lamp photography and subjected to histopathologic and genetic analysis. Wild-type (WT) and MU TGFBIp were recombined and expressed. Macrophages from MU participants were isolated and cocultured with the recombinant TGFBIp. Colocalization of the two molecules was observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and flow cytometry were used to detect changes in molecule expression related to the phenotype and autophagy process. Results Fourteen members from a family of 25 were identified as LCD sufferers. Significant TGFBIp aggregates and macrophage infiltration were found only in the corneas of LCD sufferers. Marker accumulation of TGFBIp was found in macrophages exposed to MU TGFBIp even at 5 hours after MU TGFBIp was withdrawn. High expressions of CD68 and CD36 were found in macrophages exposed to WT TGFBIp, but not to MU TGFBIp. Impaired autophagic flux due to defective autophagosome fusion to lysosomes was found in macrophages exposed to MU TGFBIp. Blockage of the autophagic process suppressed the expression of CD68 and CD36 in macrophages exposed to WT TGFBIp to levels similar to those found in macrophages exposed to MU TGFBIp. Conclusions Our results suggested that reversion of the defective autophagic process in macrophages may be a therapeutic strategy for patients with LCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Han
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Zhen-You Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
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170
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effect of soluble cleavage products of important receptors/ligands on efferocytosis: Their role in inflammatory, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 50:43-57. [PMID: 30639340 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs), is a physiologic, multifaceted and dynamic process and a fundamental mechanism for the preservation of tissue homeostasis by avoiding unwanted inflammation and autoimmune responses through special phagocytic receptors. Defective efferocytosis is associated with several disease states, including cardiovascular disease and impaired immune surveillance, as occurs in cancer and autoimmune disease. A major cause of defective efferocytosis is non-functionality of surface receptors on either the phagocytic cells or the ACs, such as TAM family tyrosine kinase, which turns to a soluble form by cleavage/shedding or alternative splicing. Recently, soluble forms have featured prominently as potential biomarkers, indicative of prognosis and enabling targeted therapy using several commonly employed drugs and inhibitors, such as bleomycin, dexamethasone, statins and some matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors such as TAPI-1 and BB3103. Importantly, to design drug carriers with enhanced circulatory durability, the adaptation of soluble forms of physiological receptors/ligands has been purported. Research has shown that soluble forms are more effective than antibody forms in enabling targeted treatment of certain conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. In this review, we sought to summarize the current knowledge of these soluble products, how they are generated, their interactions, roles, and their potential use as biomarkers in prognosis and treatment related to inflammatory, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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171
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Lee HJ, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:422-436. [PMID: 30240550 PMCID: PMC6377337 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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172
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Wawro K, Wawro M, Strzelecka M, Czarnek M, Bereta J. The role of NF-κB and Elk-1 in the regulation of mouse ADAM17 expression. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/2/bio039420. [PMID: 30709842 PMCID: PMC6398470 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a cell membrane metalloproteinase responsible for the release of ectodomains of numerous proteins from the cell surface. Although ADAM17 is often overexpressed in tumours and at sites of inflammation, little is known about the regulation of its expression. Here we investigate the role of NF-κB and Elk-1 transcription factors and upstream signalling pathways, NF-κB and ERK1/2 in ADAM17 expression in mouse brain endothelial cells stimulated with pro-inflammatory factors (TNF, IL-1β, LPS) or a phorbol ester (PMA), a well-known stimulator of ADAM17 activity. Notably, NF-κB inhibitor, IKK VII, interfered with the IL-1β- and LPS-mediated stimulation of ADAM17 expression. Furthermore, Adam17 promoter contains an NF-κB binding site occupied by p65 subunit of NF-κB. The transient increase in Adam17 mRNA in response to PMA was strongly reduced by an inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, U0126. Luciferase reporter assay with vectors encoding the ERK1/2 substrate, Elk-1, fused with constitutively activating or repressing domains, indicated Elk-1 involvement in Adam17 expression. The site-directed mutagenesis of potential Elk-1 binding sites pointed to four functional Elk-1 binding sites in Adam17 promoter. All in all, our results indicate that NF-κB and Elk-1 transcription factors via NF-κB and ERK1/2 signalling pathways contribute to the regulation of mouse Adam17 expression. Summary: We show the involvement of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways in the stimulation of mouse Adam17 expression and determine functional Elk-1- and NF-κB binding sites in its promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wawro
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wawro
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strzelecka
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Maria Czarnek
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Joanna Bereta
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
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173
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Mannon EC, Sun J, Wilson K, Brands M, Martinez-Quinones P, Baban B, O'Connor PM. A basic solution to activate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via the mesothelium? Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:236-248. [PMID: 30616018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Much research now indicates that vagal nerve stimulation results in a systemic reduction in inflammatory cytokine production and an increase in anti-inflammatory cell populations that originates from the spleen. Termed the 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway', therapeutic activation of this innate physiological response holds enormous promise for the treatment of inflammatory disease. Much controversy remains however, regarding the underlying physiological pathways mediating this response. This controversy is anchored in the fact that the vagal nerve itself does not innervate the spleen. Recent research from our own laboratory indicating that oral intake of sodium bicarbonate stimulates splenic anti-inflammatory pathways, and that this effect may require transmission of signals to the spleen through the mesothelium, provide new insight into the physiological pathways mediating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In this review, we examine proposed models of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and attempt to frame our recent results in relation to these hypotheses. Following this discussion, we then provide an alternative model of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway which is consistent both with our recent findings and the published literature. We then discuss experimental approaches that may be useful to delineate these hypotheses. We believe the outcome of these experiments will be critical in identifying the most appropriate methods to harness the therapeutic potential of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of disease and may also shed light on the etiology of other pathologies, such as idiopathic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor C Mannon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jingping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Katie Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Brands
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Patricia Martinez-Quinones
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Surgery, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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174
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Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Priyathilaka TT, Kwon H, Lee S, Lee J. Characterization of four C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) from red-lip mullet (Liza haematocheila) and their transcriptional modulation in response to bacterial and pathogen-associated molecular pattern stimuli. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:158-168. [PMID: 30287348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structural and evolutionary linkage between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the globular C1q (gC1q) domain defines the C1q and TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), which are involved in diverse functions such as immune defense, inflammation, apoptosis, autoimmunity, and cell differentiation. In this study, red-lip mullet (Liza haematocheila) CTRP4-like (MuCTRP4-like), CTRP5 (MuCTRP5), CTRP6 (MuCTRP6), and CTRP7 (MuCTRP7) were identified from the red-lip mullet transcriptome database and molecularly characterized. According to in silico analysis, coding sequences of MuCTRP4-like, MuCTRP5, MuCTRP6, and MuCTRP7 consisted of 1128, 753, 729, and 888 bp open reading frames (ORF), respectively and encoded 375, 250, 242, and 295 amino acids, respectively. All CTRPs possessed a putative C1q domain. Additionally, MuCTRP5, MuCTRP6, and MuCTRP7 consisted of a collagen region. Phylogenetic analysis exemplified that MuCTRPs were distinctly clustered with the respective CTRP orthologs. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that MuCTRP4-like was mostly expressed in the blood and intestine. Moreover, MuCTRP6 was highly expressed in the blood, whereas MuCTRP5 and MuCTRP7 were predominantly expressed in the muscle and stomach, respectively. According to the temporal expression in blood, all MuCTRPs exhibited significant modulations in response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae). MuCTRP4-like, MuCTRP5, and MuCTRP6 showed significant upregulation in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results of this study suggest the potential involvement of Mullet CTRPs in post-immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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175
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Wang H, Wang G, Ansari GAS, Khan MF. Trichloroethene metabolite dichloroacetyl chloride induces apoptosis and compromises phagocytosis in Kupffer Cells: Activation of inflammasome and MAPKs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210200. [PMID: 30596806 PMCID: PMC6312261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to trichloroethene (TCE), an occupational and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is associated with the development of several autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, mechanisms contributing to TCE-mediated AIH are not known. Earlier, we have shown that dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC), one of the reactive metabolites of TCE with strong acylating capability, can elicit an autoimmune response at much lower dose than TCE in female MRL+/+ mice. Furthermore, Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver resident macrophages, are crucial for hepatic homeostasis, but can also participate in the immunopathogenesis of AIH. However, contribution of KCs in TCE-mediated AIH and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We hypothesized that increased apoptosis and delayed clearance of apoptotic bodies, due to compromised KC function, will result in the breakdown of self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and ultimately AIH. Therefore, using an in vitro model of immortalized mouse KCs, we investigated the contribution of DCAC in TCE-mediated AIH. KCs were treated with different concentrations of DCAC and apoptosis was measured by Annexin V and PI staining. Also, the impact of DCAC on phagocytic potential of KCs was evaluated. Furthermore, markers of inflammasome (NLRP3 and caspase1) were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. DCAC treatment resulted in significantly increased early and late-stage apoptosis, accompanied with inflammasome activation (NLRP3 increases). DCAC treatment resulted in decreased phagocytic function of KCs in a dose-dependent manner, with reduced MFG-E8 levels (phagocytotic function). Furthermore, DCAC exposure led to induction of phos-ERK and phos-AKT signaling. These findings suggest that DCAC induces apoptosis and inflammasome activation, while compromising the phagocytic function of KCs. Our data support that increased apoptosis and impaired KC function by DCAC could be contributory to TCE-mediated AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gangduo Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - M. Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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176
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Itoh T, Katsurayama K, Efdi M, Ninomiya M, Koketsu M. Sentulic acid isolated from Sandoricum koetjape Merr attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma co-stimulated nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3496-3501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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177
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Abstract
Transition state theory teaches that chemically stable mimics of enzymatic transition states will bind tightly to their cognate enzymes. Kinetic isotope effects combined with computational quantum chemistry provides enzymatic transition state information with sufficient fidelity to design transition state analogues. Examples are selected from various stages of drug development to demonstrate the application of transition state theory, inhibitor design, physicochemical characterization of transition state analogues, and their progress in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vern L. Schramm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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178
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Jiang K, Guo S, Yang C, Yang J, Chen Y, Shaukat A, Zhao G, Wu H, Deng G. Barbaloin protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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179
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Modeling the Bistable Dynamics of the Innate Immune System. Bull Math Biol 2018; 81:256-276. [PMID: 30387078 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The size of primary challenge with lipopolysaccharide induces changes in the innate immune cells phenotype between pro-inflammatory and pro-tolerant states when facing a secondary lipopolysaccharide challenge. To determine the molecular mechanisms governing this differential response, we propose a mathematical model for the interaction between three proteins involved in the immune cell decision making: IRAK-1, PI3K, and RelB. The mutual inhibition of IRAK-1 and PI3K in the model leads to bistable dynamics. By using the levels of RelB as indicative of strength of the immune responses, we connect the size of different primary lipopolysaccharide doses to the differential phenotypical outcomes following a secondary challenge. We further predict under what circumstances the primary LPS dose does not influence the response to a secondary challenge. Our results can be used to guide treatments for patients with either autoimmune disease or compromised immune system.
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180
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Skuljec J, Jirmo AC, Habener A, Talbot SR, Pul R, Grychtol R, Aydin M, Kleinschnitz C, Happle C, Hansen G. Absence of Regulatory T Cells Causes Phenotypic and Functional Switch in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2458. [PMID: 30429849 PMCID: PMC6220442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages are important components of tissue homeostasis and inflammatory pathologies. In the peritoneal cavity, resident macrophages interact with a variety of immune cells and can exhibit broad range of phenotypes and functions. Forkhead-box-P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an indispensable role in maintaining immunological tolerance, yet whether, and how the pathological condition that results from the lack of functional Tregs affects peritoneal macrophages (PM) is largely unknown. We used FOXP3-deficient scurfy (Sf) mice to investigate PM behavior in terms of the missing crosstalk with Tregs. Here, we report that Treg deficiency induced a marked increase in PM numbers, which was reversed after adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells or neutralization of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Ex vivo assays demonstrated a pro-inflammatory state of PM from Sf mice and signs of excessive activation and exhaustion. In-depth immunophenotyping of Sf PM using single-cell chipcytometry and transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of molecules involved in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, upon transfer to non-inflammatory environment or after injection of CD4+ T cells, PM from Sf mice reprogramed their functional phenotype, indicating remarkable plasticity. Interestingly, frequencies, and immune polarization of large and small PM subsets were dramatically changed in the FOXP3-deficient mice, suggesting distinct origin and specialized function of these subsets in inflammatory conditions. Our findings demonstrate the significant impact of Tregs in shaping PM identity and dynamics. A better understanding of PM function in the Sf mouse model may have clinical implication for the treatment of immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, and other forms of immune-mediated enteropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Refik Pul
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Malik Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,HELIOS Medical Center Wuppertal, Center for Clinical & Translational Research (CCTR), Faculty of Health, Center for Biomedical Education & Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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181
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Salivary Gland Extract from Aedes aegypti Improves Survival in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis through Oxidative Mechanisms. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110182. [PMID: 30360497 PMCID: PMC6262460 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic disease with life-threatening potential and is characterized by a dysregulated immune response from the host to an infection. The organic dysfunction in sepsis is associated with the production of inflammatory cascades and oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that Aedes aegypti saliva has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. Considering inflammation and the role of oxidative stress in sepsis, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with salivary gland extract (SGE) from Ae. aegypti in the induction of inflammatory and oxidative processes in a murine cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Here, we evaluated animal survival for 16 days, as well as bacterial load, leukocyte migration, and oxidative parameters. We found that the SGE pretreatment improved the survival of septic mice, reduced bacterial load and neutrophil influx, and increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the peritoneal cavity. With regard to oxidative status, SGE increased antioxidant defenses as measured by Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Altogether, these data suggest that SGE plays a protective role in septic animals, contributing to oxidative and inflammatory balance during sepsis. Therefore, Ae. aegypti SGE is a potential source for new therapeutic molecule(s) in polymicrobial sepsis, and this effect seems to be mediated by the control of inflammation and oxidative damage.
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182
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Azasulfurylpeptide Modulation of CD36-Mediated Inflammation Without Effect on Neovascularization. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040098. [PMID: 30360354 PMCID: PMC6315388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the cluster of differentiation-36 receptor (CD36) has proven promising for dampening pro-inflammatory macrophage signaling. For example, azapeptides (e.g., 1 and 2) bind CD36 selectively with high affinity, mitigate Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist-induced overproduction of nitric oxide (NO), and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages. Moreover, semicarbazides 1 and 2 inhibit microvascular sprouting mediated through CD36 in the choroid explant. Seeking a selective CD36 modulator that mediated inflammation without influencing neovascularization, a set of azasulfurylpeptides (e.g., 3a–e) were synthesized in which the semicarbazide was replaced by an N-aminosulfamide residue using a novel solid-phase approach. Notably, azasulfurylpeptide 3c diminished selectively CD36-mediated TLR-2-triggered inflammatory response without affecting neovascularization. Subtle chemical modification at the peptide backbone from a carbonyl to a sulfuryl residue has had a selective effect on biological activity providing a valuable probe for studying CD36 chemical biology.
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183
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Ireland LV, Mielgo A. Macrophages and Fibroblasts, Key Players in Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:131. [PMID: 30356656 PMCID: PMC6189297 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is routinely used in cancer treatment to eliminate primary and metastatic tumor cells. However, tumors often display or develop resistance to chemotherapy. Mechanisms of chemoresistance can be either tumor cell autonomous or mediated by the tumor surrounding non-malignant cells, also known as stromal cells, which include fibroblasts, immune cells, and cells from the vasculature. Therapies targeting cancer cells have shown limited effectiveness in tumors characterized by a rich tumor stroma. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant non-cancerous cells in the tumor stroma and have emerged as key players in cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to therapies. This review describes the recent advances in our understanding of how CAFs and TAMs confer chemoresistance to tumor cells and discusses the therapeutic opportunities of combining anti-tumor with anti-stromal therapies. The continued elucidation of the mechanisms by which TAMs and CAFs mediate resistance to therapies will allow the development of improved combination treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainhoa Mielgo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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184
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Lin SY, Huang ZH, Chen HC, Chang DM, Lu CC. Multidrug-resistance Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitor: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11730. [PMID: 30113458 PMCID: PMC6113047 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) pneumonia with severe sepsis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who is predisposed after treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFI), is a rare severe infection and can be successfully treated with prompt antibiotics. CASE PRESENTATION A 75-year-old woman was diagnosed with RA >30 years previously. After inadequate treatment responses to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), she developed progressive RA, including swollen joints in both hands, and had a high disease activity score of 4.96 when presenting at our rheumatology clinic. She had started taking the TNFI, golimumab (50 mg/month), 3 years before and developed a productive cough 4 weeks before this admission. One week after admission, she developed fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachycardia, and increased serum C-reactive protein level. DIAGNOSIS Chest plain film (CxR) and computed tomography of the chest showed hospital-acquired pneumonia; microbial examination of the sputum showed the presence of MDRAB. THERAPEUTICS She was prescribed a full course of antibiotics with cefoperazone sulbactam. OUTCOMES CxR showed complete remission of pneumonia. CONCLUSION Biological DMARDs, such as TNFI, act as a double-edged sword: these drugs are used to treat autoimmune diseases, but they increase the risk of infection. The trend toward antibiotic resistance and persistent environmental survival of MDRAB is an emerging problem in countries with high rates of antibiotic abuse. TNFI may affect intestinal immunity by inducing dysbiosis, which affects T helper 17-mediated mucosal immunity and can contribute to A baumannii colonization and the development of MDRAB in frequently hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Lin
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Zheng-Hao Huang
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, WA
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185
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Hybrids of carbon dots with subunit B of ricin toxin for enhanced immunomodulatory activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 523:226-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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186
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Visualization of T Cell-Regulated Monocyte Clusters Mediating Keratinocyte Death in Acquired Cutaneous Immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1328-1337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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187
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Gong AGW, Duan R, Wang HY, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Chan K. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E46. [PMID: 29883402 PMCID: PMC6023478 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), a Chinese materia medica (CMM) known as Huangqi, is an important medicine prescribed in herbal composite formulae (Fufang) by Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for thousands of years. According to the literature, AR is suggested for patients suffering from “Qi”- and “Blood”-deficiencies, and its clinical effects are reported to be related to anti-cancer cell proliferation, anti-oxidation, relief of complications in cardiovascular diseases, etc. The underlying cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of these various diseases are presented here to support the mechanisms of action of AR. There are two botanical sources recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP, 2015): Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Var. mongohlicus, (Bge.) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae), whose extracts of dried roots are processed via homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. Geographic factors and extraction methods have impacts on the pharmaceutical and chemical profiles of AR. Therefore, the levels of the major bioactive constituents of AR, including polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, may not be consistent in different batches of extract, and the pharmaceutical efficacy of these bioactive ingredients may vary depending on the source. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on the consistency of the available sources of AR and extracts and on the investigation of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of AR and of its major bioactive constituents. Furthermore, it will also include a discussion of the most popular AR composite formulae to further elucidate their chemical and biological profiles and understand the pharmaceutical value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G W Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Huai Y Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Xiang P Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3 AF, UK.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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188
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Zhou S, Jiang H, Wang H, Lu H, Chen R, Xu H, Su Z, Shao X. Reg3β from cardiomyocytes regulated macrophage migration, proliferation and functional skewing in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 7:8-15. [PMID: 29755853 PMCID: PMC5944813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in inflammatory initiation, development, resolution and cardiac regeneration of myocarditis. However, Reg3β, as a member of regenerating family of proteins, contributes to dedifferentiation of injury cardiomyocytes as well as cardiac function remodeling. It remains unclear whether Reg3β was associated with macrophages reprogramming during autoimmune myocarditis. Our results showed that Reg3β could effectively recruit macrophages, promoted their proliferation and phagocytosis, and facilitated their polarized into M2 macrophages. Macrophage, especially M1 phenotype contributed to Reg3β production by cardiomyocytes. Our data also indicated that Reg3β was involved in self-protection mechanism following cardiac injury or stress. This suggests that Reg3β might be a critically protective factor of myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shao
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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189
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Almeida S, Nejsum P, Williams AR. Modulation of human macrophage activity by Ascaris antigens is dependent on macrophage polarization state. Immunobiology 2018; 223:405-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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190
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Qu X, Tang Y, Hua S. Immunological Approaches Towards Cancer and Inflammation: A Cross Talk. Front Immunol 2018; 9:563. [PMID: 29662489 PMCID: PMC5890100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammation is the protective response of the body against various harmful stimuli; however, the aberrant and inappropriate activation tends to become harmful. The acute inflammatory response tends to resolved once the offending agent is subside but this acute response becomes chronic in nature when the body is unable to successfully neutralized the noxious stimuli. This chronic inflammatory microenvironment is associated with the release of various pro-inflammatory and oncogenic mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines [IL-1β, IL-2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], growth factor, and chemokines. These mediators make the inflammatory microenvironment more vulnerable toward tumorigenesis. The pro-inflammatory mediators released during the chronic inflammation tends to induce several molecular signaling cascades such as nuclear factor kappa B, MAPKinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Janus kinases/STAT, Wnt/B-catenin, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein. The immune system and its components have a pleiotropic effect on inflammation and cancer progression. Immune components such as T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils either inhibit or enhance tumor initiation depending on the type of tumor and immune cells involved. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils are pro-tumorigenic cells highly prevalent in inflammation-mediated tumors. Similarly, presence of T regulatory (Treg) cells in an inflammatory and tumor setting suppresses the immune system, thus paving the way for oncogenesis. However, Treg cells also inhibit autoimmune inflammation. By contrast, cytotoxic T cells and T helper cells confer antitumor immunity and are associated with better prognosis in patients with cancer. Cytotoxic T cells inflict a direct cytotoxic effect on cells expressing oncogenic markers. Currently, several anti-inflammatory and antitumor therapies are under trials in which these immune cells are exploited. Adoptive cell transfer composed of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been tried for the treatment of tumors after their ex vivo expansion. Mediators released by cells in a tumorigenic and inflammatory microenvironment cross talk with nearby cells, either promoting or inhibiting inflammation and cancer. Recently, several cytokine-based therapies are either being developed or are under trial to treat such types of manifestations. Monoclonal antibodies directed against TNF-α, VEGF, and IL-6 has shown promising results to ameliorate inflammation and cancer, while direct administration of IL-2 has been shown to cause tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Qu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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191
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Neonatal Colonic Inflammation Epigenetically Aggravates Epithelial Inflammatory Responses to Injury in Adult Life. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:65-78. [PMID: 29928672 PMCID: PMC6008258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early life adversity is considered a risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that early life colonic inflammation causes susceptibility to aggravated overexpression of interleukin (IL)1β. METHODS We developed a 2-hit rat model in which neonatal inflammation (NI) and adult inflammation (AI) were induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. RESULTS Aggravated immune responses were observed in NI + AI rats, including a sustained up-regulation of IL1β and other cytokines. In parallel with exacerbated loss of inhibitor of kappa B alpha expression, NI + AI rats showed hyperacetylation of histone H4K12 and increased V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A binding on the IL1B promoter, accompanied by high levels of norepinephrine/epinephrine. Propranolol, a β-blocker, markedly ameliorated the inflammatory response and IL1β overexpression by mitigating against epigenetic modifications. Adrenalectomy abrogated NI-induced disease susceptibility whereas yohimbine sensitized the epithelium for exacerbated immune response. The macrophages of NI rats produced more IL1β than controls after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting hypersensitization; incubation with LPS plus Foradil (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), a β2-agonist, induced a greater IL1β expression than LPS alone. Epinephrine and Foradil also exacerbated LPS-induced IL1β activation in human THP-1-derived macrophages, by increasing acetylated H4K12, and these increases were abrogated by propranolol. CONCLUSIONS NI sensitizes the colon epithelium for exacerbated IL1β activation by increasing stress hormones that induce histone hyperacetylation, allowing greater access of nuclear factor-κB to the IL1B promoter and rendering the host susceptible to aggravated immune responses. Our findings suggest that β blockers have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility and establish a novel paradigm whereby NI induces epigenetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Key Words
- AI, adult inflammation
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Ctl, control
- Early Life Adversity
- Epinephrine
- H4K12ac, acetylated HRK12
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone Acetylation
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- IκB, inhibitor of kappa B alpha
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NI, neonatal inflammation
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- RNAP II, RNA polymerase II
- RelA, V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- Tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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192
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Dubey S, Yoon H, Cohen MS, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Karan D. Withaferin A Associated Differential Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:195. [PMID: 29479354 PMCID: PMC5811468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A role of inflammation-associated cytokines/chemokines has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases. Here, we investigated the regulation of inflammatory cytokines released by monocyte-derived THP-1 cells following treatment with the dietary agent withaferin A (WFA). Membrane-based cytokine array profiling of the culture supernatant from adenosine triphosphate-stimulated WFA-treated THP-1 cells showed differential regulation of multiple cytokines/chemokines. A selected group of cytokines/chemokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), CCL2/MCP-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, PDGF-AA, PTX3, cystatin-3, relaxin-2, TNFRSF8/CD30, and ACRP30] was validated at the transcription level using qPCR. In silico analysis for transcriptional binding factors revealed the presence of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in a group of downregulated cytokine gene promoters. WFA treatment of THP-1 cells blocks the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and corresponds with the reduced levels of cytokine secretion. To further understand the differential expression of cytokines/chemokines, we showed that WFA alters the nigericin-induced co-localization of NLRP3 and ASC proteins, thereby inhibiting caspase-1 activation, which is responsible for the cleavage and maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. These data suggest that dietary agent WFA concurrently targets NF-κB and the inflammasome complex, leading to inhibition of IL-1β and IL-18, respectively, in addition to differential expression of multiple cytokines/chemokines. Taken together, these results provide a rationale for using WFA to further explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of cytokines/chemokines associated with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dubey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mark Steven Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Dev Karan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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193
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The complex interplay between neutrophils and cancer. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:517-529. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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194
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de Leur K, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, van den Bosch TPP, de Graav GN, Hesselink DA, Samsom JN, Baan CC, Boer K. Characterization of ectopic lymphoid structures in different types of acute renal allograft rejection. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:224-232. [PMID: 29319177 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that T cells such as interleukin (IL)-21+ B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)+ T follicular helper cells can regulate B cell-mediated immunity within the allograft during acute T cell-mediated rejection; this process may feed chronic allograft rejection in the long term. To investigate this mechanism, we determined the presence and activation status of organized T and B cells in so-called ectopic lymphoid structures (ELSs) in different types of acute renal allograft rejection. Biopsies showing the following primary diagnosis were included: acute/active antibody-mediated rejection, C4d+ (a/aABMR), acute T cell-mediated rejection grade I (aTCMRI) and acute T cell-mediated rejection grade II (aTCMRII). Paraffin sections were stained for T cells (CD3 and CD4), B cells (CD20), follicular dendritic cells (FDCs, CD23), activated B cells (CD79A), immunoglobulin (Ig)D, cell proliferation (Ki67) and double immunofluorescent stainings for IL-21 and BCL6 were performed. Infiltrates of T cells were detected in all biopsies. In aTCMRI, B cells formed aggregates surrounded by T cells. In these aggregates, FDCs, IgD and Ki67 were detected, suggesting the presence of ELSs. In contrast, a/aABMR and aTCMRII showed diffuse infiltrates of T and B cells but no FDCs and IgD. IL-21 was present in all biopsies. However, co-localization with BCL6 was observed mainly in aTCMRI biopsies. In conclusion, ELSs with an activated phenotype are found predominantly in aTCMRI where T cells co-localize with B cells. These findings suggest a direct pathway of B cell alloactivation at the graft site during T cell mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de Leur
- Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - T P P van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G N de Graav
- Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D A Hesselink
- Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C C Baan
- Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Boer
- Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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195
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Miles K, Simpson J, Brown S, Cowan G, Gray D, Gray M. Immune Tolerance to Apoptotic Self Is Mediated Primarily by Regulatory B1a Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1952. [PMID: 29403471 PMCID: PMC5780629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome, develop when tolerance to apoptotic cells (ACs) is lost. We have previously reported that this tolerance is maintained by innate-like, IL-10 secreting regulatory B cells. Two questions remained. First, do these regulatory B cells belong predominantly to a single subset of steady-state B cells and second, what is their specificity? We report here that innate-like B cells with markers characteristic for B1a cells (CD43+veCD19hiCD5+veIgMhiIgDlo) constitute 80% of splenic and 96% of peritoneal B cells that respond to ACs by secreting IL-10. AC responsive B1a cells secrete self-reactive natural antibodies (NAbs) and IL-10, which is augmented by toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9 stimulation. In so doing, they both accelerate the clearance of dying cells by macrophages and inhibit their potential to mount proinflammatory immune responses. While B1a cells make prolonged contact with ACs, they do not require TIM1 or complement to mediate their regulatory function. In an animal model of neural inflammation (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), just 105 activated B1a B cells was sufficient to restrain inflammation. Activated B1a B cells also induced antigen-specific T cells to secrete IL-10. Hence, regulatory B1a cells specifically recognize and augment tolerance to apoptotic self via IL-10 and NAbs; but once activated, can also prevent autoimmune mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Miles
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Simpson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cowan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Gray
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohini Gray
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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196
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Chen X, Gao C. Influences of surface coating of PLGA nanoparticles on immune activation of macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2065-2077. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of BSA-coated PLGA NPs induces a stronger inflammatory response which is represented by the up-expression of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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197
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Abstract
The search for the bactericidal activity of macrophage (Mϕ) is crucial not only during infection, but also to explore its functional activities in normal and pathological conditions, such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, allergic inflammation, and cancer. There are several methods exploring the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of Mϕ. This chapter focuses specifically on the technique called antibiotic protection assay and on the methods for the determination of Mϕ production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide as antimicrobial agents and biomarkers of respiratory burst. The protocols presented herein are valid for both Mϕ cell lines and monocyte-derived Mϕs (MDMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology (BIOMOLIM, W0414100), Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria.
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198
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Tackling Pain Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Proton-Sensing Receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1099:49-64. [PMID: 30306514 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1756-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by chronic inflammation of synovial joints, is often associated with ongoing pain and increased pain sensitivity. Chronic pain that comes with RA turns independent, essentially becoming its own disease. It could partly explain that a significant number (50%) of RA patients fail to respond to current RA therapies that focus mainly on suppression of joint inflammation. The acute phase of pain seems to associate with joint inflammation in early RA. In established RA, the chronic phase of pain could be linked to inflammatory components of neuron-immune interactions and noninflammatory components. Accumulating evidence suggests that the initial inflammation and autoimmunity in RA (preclinical RA) begin outside of the joint and may originate at mucosal sites and alterations in the composition of microbiota located at mucosal sites could be essential for mucosal inflammation, triggering joint inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the inflamed joint respond to cytokines to release acidic components, lowering pH in synovial fluid. Extracellular proton binds to proton-sensing ion channels, and G-protein-coupled receptors in joint nociceptive fibers may contribute to sensory transduction and release of neurotransmitters, leading to pain and hyperalgesia. Activation of peripheral sensory neurons or nociceptors further modulates inflammation, resulting in neuroinflammation or neurogenic inflammation. Peripheral and central nerves work with non-neuronal cells (such as immune cells, glial cells) in concert to contribute to the chronic phase of RA-associated pain. This review will discuss actions of proton-sensing receptors on neurons or non-neuronal cells that modulate RA pathology and associated chronic pain, and it will be beneficial for the development of future therapeutic treatments.
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199
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Ebrahimiyan H, Aslani S, Rezaei N, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Survivin and autoimmunity; the ins and outs. Immunol Lett 2018; 193:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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200
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Immuno-enhancement effect of polysaccharide extracted from Stichopus japonicus on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:565-573. [PMID: 30263781 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide (SJP) was extracted from Sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicas, and its immune-enhancing activities were evaluated in vivo immune-suppressed mice systems. Cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated mice were orally administrated with SJP according to different concentrations. The results showed that administration of SJP significantly increased spleen index without variation of the body weight, compared to only CY treatment group. The proliferation of splenic lymphocyte and NK activity was also stimulated by SJP. In addition, the oral administration of SJP up-regulated COX-2 and TLR-4 as well as cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, which are secreted from splenic lymphocytes in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Moreover, our results showed that SJP stimulated macrophages via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings provided the potential use of SJP as an alternative means under immune-suppressed conditions, and furthermore can be utilized as a functional material for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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