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Micro-RNA Implications in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212165. [PMID: 34830046 PMCID: PMC8621893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most well-defined and complex metabolic disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, with a constantly increasing incidence in children and adolescents. While current knowledge regarding the molecules related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of T1DM is vast, the discovery of new molecules, such as micro ribonucleic acids (micro-RNAs, miRNAs), as well as their interactions with T1DM, has spurred novel prospects in the diagnosis of the disease. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge regarding miRNAs' biosynthesis and action pathways and their role as gene expression regulators in T1DM. MiRNAs follow a complex biosynthesis pathway, including cleaving and transport from nucleus to cytoplasm. After assembly of their final form, they inhibit translation or cause messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, resulting in the obstruction of protein synthesis. Many studies have reported miRNA involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, mainly through interference with pancreatic b-cell function, insulin production and secretion. They are also found to contribute to β-cell destruction, as they aid in the production of autoreactive agents. Due to their elevated accumulation in various biological specimens, as well as their involvement in T1DM pathogenesis, their role as biomarkers in early preclinical T1DM diagnosis is widely hypothesized, with future studies concerning their diagnostic value deemed a necessity.
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Schofield AL, Brown JP, Brown J, Wilczynska A, Bell C, Glaab WE, Hackl M, Howell L, Lee S, Dear JW, Remes M, Reeves P, Zhang E, Allmer J, Norris A, Falciani F, Takeshita LY, Seyed Forootan S, Sutton R, Park BK, Goldring C. Systems analysis of miRNA biomarkers to inform drug safety. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3475-3495. [PMID: 34510227 PMCID: PMC8492583 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which have been shown to be dysregulated and released into the extracellular milieu as a result of many drug and non-drug-induced pathologies in different organ systems. Consequently, circulating miRs have been proposed as useful biomarkers of many disease states, including drug-induced tissue injury. miRs have shown potential to support or even replace the existing traditional biomarkers of drug-induced toxicity in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and there is some evidence for their improved diagnostic and prognostic value. However, several pre-analytical and analytical challenges, mainly associated with assay standardization, require solutions before circulating miRs can be successfully translated into the clinic. This review will consider the value and potential for the use of circulating miRs in drug-safety assessment and describe a systems approach to the analysis of the miRNAome in the discovery setting, as well as highlighting standardization issues that at this stage prevent their clinical use as biomarkers. Highlighting these challenges will hopefully drive future research into finding appropriate solutions, and eventually circulating miRs may be translated to the clinic where their undoubted biomarker potential can be used to benefit patients in rapid, easy to use, point-of-care test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Schofield
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Joseph P Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jack Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ania Wilczynska
- bit.bio, Babraham Research Campus, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Catherine Bell
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Howell
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Stevenage, Greater Cambridge Area, UK
| | - Stephen Lee
- ABHI, 1 Duchess St, 4th Floor, Suite 2, London, W1W 6AN, UK
| | - James W Dear
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mika Remes
- Genomics EMEA, QIAGEN Aarhus, Prismet, Silkeborgvej 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paul Reeves
- Arcis Biotechnology Limited, Suite S07, Techspace One, Sci-tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AB, UK
| | - Eunice Zhang
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jens Allmer
- Applied Bioinformatics, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Norris
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Louise Y Takeshita
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Openshaw MR, McVeigh TP. Non-invasive Technology Advances in Cancer-A Review of the Advances in the Liquid Biopsy for Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:573010. [PMID: 34713045 PMCID: PMC8521848 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.573010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving cancer survival rates globally requires improvements in disease detection and monitoring, with the aim of improving early diagnosis and prediction of disease relapse. Traditional means of detecting and monitoring cancers rely largely on imaging and, where possible, blood-based protein biomarkers, many of which are non-specific. Treatments are being improved by identification of inherited and acquired genomic aberrations in tumors, some of which can be targeted by newly developed therapeutic interventions. Treatment of gynecological malignancy is progressively moving toward personalized therapy, as exemplified by application of PARP-inhibition for patients with BRCA-deficient tubo-ovarian cancers, or checkpoint inhibition in patients with mismatch repair-deficient disease. However, the more recent discovery of a group of biomarkers described under the umbrella term of “liquid biopsy” promises significant improvement in our ability to detect and monitor cancers. The term “liquid biopsy” is used to describe an array of tumor-derived material found in blood plasma and other bodily fluids such as ascites, pleural fluid, saliva, and urine. It includes circulating tumors cells (CTCs), circulating nucleic acids including DNA, messenger RNA and micro RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we discuss recent advancements in liquid biopsy for biomarker detection to help in diagnosis, prognosis, and planning of treatment of ovarian and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Openshaw
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terri P McVeigh
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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154
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The Role of miRNAs 340-5p, 92a-3p, and 381-3p in Patients with Endometriosis: A Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cell Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5298006. [PMID: 34631883 PMCID: PMC8494557 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5298006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is the most prevalent gynecological disease with elusive etiology. The mysterious entity and the lack of noninvasive diagnostic methods affect women's lives negatively. This study is aimed at finding the relationship between miR-340-5p, 92a-3p, and miR-381-3p and the pathogenesis of endometriosis in endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells (eMSCs) of endometriosis and assessing their potential as a noninvasive biomarker in plasma. Methods Peripheral blood and eMSC specimens were collected from suspected women of endometriosis before laparoscopy. Total RNA was isolated from plasma and cultured eMSCs to synthesize complementary DNA. The expression of miR-340-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-381-3p was analyzed by RT-qPCR. To understand these miRNAs' role, we also did a bioinformatic analysis. Results There was a downregulation of miR-340-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-381-3p in plasma, and the upregulation of miR-340-5p and the downregulation of miR-92a-3p and miR-381-3p in eMSCs of women with endometriosis. There was a positive concordance between the expression of miR-92a-3p and miR-381-3p in plasma and eMSCs. Our study also showed three genes, Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 8 (SLC6A8), Zinc Finger Protein 264 (ZNF264), and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), as common targets of these miRNAs. Conclusions This study has been one of the first attempts to examine the expression of miR-340-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-381-3p in both plasma and eMSCs and revealed their possible role in endometriosis based on in silico analysis. Biomarkers pave the way to develop a new therapeutic approach to the management or treatment of endometriosis patients. Our result as a first report shows that combined levels of miRNAs 340-5p and 381-3p may have the potential to be utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis.
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155
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Magnetic ionic liquids as microRNA extraction solvents and additives for the exponential amplification reaction. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338900. [PMID: 34556230 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) from highly complex matrices has become an area of immense interest as their characterization in biological samples has been utilized for disease diagnosis and body fluid identification. However, conventional northern blotting miRNA detection lacks the sensitivity required to detect circulating miRNAs. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction-based methods for miRNA detection require modified oligonucleotides that are difficult to design. Exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) is an isothermal amplification method used for miRNA detection that is simple to design but suffers from non-specific amplification that masks low concentration miRNAs. Previous studies have shown that magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a promising alternative to traditional nucleic acid extraction methods capable of preconcentrating DNA from complex matrices. In this study, three hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were investigated as EXPAR additives and miRNA extraction solvents. The addition of MIL to the EXPAR buffer decreased the background signal from non-specific amplification and increased the reaction rate. Reactions containing MIL could detect miRNA at concentration levels down to 10 aM. In comparison, reactions that did not contain MIL could not discriminate 10 fM lethal-7a (let-7a) standards from the no trigger control (NTC). All three MILs extracted miRNA from 2-fold diluted plasma, artificial urine, and artificial saliva with only a 1 min dispersion step. By integrating the miRNA-enriched MIL into the EXPAR buffer, the extraction and detection of femtomolar concentrations of miRNA required only 10 min. In contrast, conventional spin column kits require at least 20 min to isolate miRNA, indicating that a dispersive MIL-based extraction is ideal for high throughput analysis of miRNA.
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156
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Campos A, Sharma S, Obermair A, Salomon C. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs and Chemoresistance: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184608. [PMID: 34572835 PMCID: PMC8472653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an urgent need for a non-invasive, specific biomarker to identify patients at risk of chemoresistance, which it is the ability of cancer cells to escape the effect of chemotherapy drugs. Extracellular vesicles contain an abundance of miRNAs that demonstrate expression across a range of cancers including breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. Interestingly, miRNAs encapsulated within extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes display an association with chemoresistance. Here, we performed a systematic revision to evaluate the association between miRNAs within EVs and chemotherapy resistance. The summarized graphical abstract indicates that several exosome-derived miRNAs involved in chemotherapy resistance can be found among different types of cancers, such as colorectal, ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, and lymphoma. Abstract Cancer is a leading public health issue globally, and diagnosis is often associated with poor outcomes and reduced patient survival. One of the major contributors to the fatality resultant of cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapy, known as chemoresistance. Furthermore, there are limitations in our ability to identify patients that will respond to therapy, versus patients that will develop relapse, and display limited or no response to treatment. This often leads to patients being subjected to multiple futile treatment cycles, and results in a reduction in their quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to develop tools to identify patients at risk of chemoresistance, and recent literature has suggested that small extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, may be a vital source of information. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane bound vesicles, involved in cell-cell communication, through the transfer of their cargo, which includes proteins, lipids, and miRNAs. A defined exploration strategy was performed in this systematic review in order to provide a compilation of key EV miRNAs which may be predictive of chemoresistance. We searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases using the following keywords: Extracellular vesicles OR exosomes OR EVs AND miRNA AND Chemotherapy OR Chemoresistance OR Cancer Recurrence from 2010 to 2020. We found 31 articles that reported key EV-associated miRNAs involved in cancer recurrence related to chemoresistance. Interestingly, multiple studies of the same tumor type identified different microRNAs, and few studies identified the same ones. Specifically, miR-21, miR-222, and miR-155 displayed roles in response to chemotherapy, and were found to be common in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients (DLBCL). miR-21 and miR-222 were found to favour the development of chemoresistance, whereas miR-155 exhibited a contrasting role, depending on the type of primary tumor. Whilst high levels of miR-155 were found to correlate with chemotherapy resistance in DLBCL, it was found to be predictive of an effective response towards chemotherapy in breast cancer. Thus, further research regarding the roles of these miRNAs would be beneficial in terms of designing novel tools to counteract the progression of cancer in a not-to-distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- America Campos
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer Research, The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia;
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.C.); (S.S.)
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Contínua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 8370007, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-33465500; Fax: +61-7-3346-5509
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157
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Park HK, Hwang DS, Kim GC, Jang MA, Kim UK. Effects of melatonin receptor expression on prognosis and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:713-723. [PMID: 34483028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin receptors can inhibit breast and prostate cancers; however, little is known regarding their effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we collected specimens from 81 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and analysed clinicopathological data retrospectively. In addition, the expression of the melatonin receptor was analysed immunohistochemically. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed based on the Cox proportional-hazards model. Further, an in vitro study was performed using YD15 cells. The cells were transfected with siRNA targeting melatonin receptor 1A and 1B for evaluating the malignancy of melatonin receptors by western blotting, trypan blue-exclusion, colony-forming, wound-healing, and invasion assays. Survival decreased as melatonin receptor expression and clinical and pathological tumour-node-metastasis stages increased. A Cox proportional-hazard model showed that melatonin receptor 1A may serve as a significant predictor of the survival rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma [hazard ratio = 1.423, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.019-1.988, p = 0.038]. Melatonin receptor 1A and 1B knockdown significantly suppressed proliferation, migration ability, and invasion ability of YD15 cells in vitro. Our findings reveal that inhibiting melatonin receptor expression may suppress oral squamous cell carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-K Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - D-S Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - G-C Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - M-A Jang
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - U-K Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
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158
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Luque-Badillo AC, Hernandez-Tapia G, Ramirez-Castillo DA, Espinoza-Serrano D, Cortes-Limon AM, Cortes-Gallardo JP, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rios-Ibarra CP. Gold nanoparticles enhance microRNA 31 detection in colon cancer cells after inhibition with chlorogenic acid. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:742. [PMID: 34466154 PMCID: PMC8387852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound with potential antitumor effects, on circulating microRNA 31 (miR-31), was evaluated in RKO colon cancer cells. The capacity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance miR-31 quantification after treatment with CGA was assessed. RKO cells were treated with different concentrations of CGA for 24, 48 and 72 h, after which AuNPs coupled to CD81 were added to the supernatants. Total RNA was extracted, and miR-31 was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results revealed an 85% decrease in miR-31 level following treatment with 1,000 µM CGA for 72 h, and the highest capacity to detect miR-31 (after treatment and isolation with AuNPs + CD81) was observed at 24 h. Furthermore, CGA decreased the expression of the miR-31 oncogene in an in vitro colon cancer model, and the use of AuNPs enhanced the levels of miRNA detection. The results suggest that miR-31 inhibition is one mechanism by which CGA decreases colon cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, AuNPs can increase the capacity of miR-31 quantification, representing a new strategy to develop non-invasive tools for the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Luque-Badillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Griselda Hernandez-Tapia
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Dhamar A Ramirez-Castillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Diego Espinoza-Serrano
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Alan M Cortes-Limon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Juan P Cortes-Gallardo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98040, Mexico
| | - Clara P Rios-Ibarra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
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159
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Mitra T, Elangovan S. Cervical cancer development, chemoresistance, and therapy: a snapshot of involvement of microRNA. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4363-4385. [PMID: 34453645 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of death in women due to cancer and a major concern in the developing world. Persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the major causative agent for CC. Besides HPV infection, genetic and epigenetic factors including microRNA (miRNA) also contribute to the malignant transformation. Earlier studies have revealed that miRNAs participate in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance processes by binding and inversely regulating the target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Based on functions and mechanistic insights, miRNAs have been identified as cellular modulators that have an enormous role in diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer therapy. Signatures of miRNA could be used as diagnostic markers which are necessary for early diagnosis and management of CC. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs has been shown in CC; however, more comprehensive clinical trials are required for the clinical translation of miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Understanding the molecular mechanism of miRNAs and their target genes has been useful to develop miRNA-based therapeutic strategies for CC and overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, and metastasis of CC as well as chemoresistance. Further, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs to overcome chemoresistance and treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandrima Mitra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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160
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Sindhu KJ, Venkatesan N, Karunagaran D. MicroRNA Interactome Multiomics Characterization for Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine: An Expert Review. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:545-566. [PMID: 34448651 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are mutually modulated by their interacting partners (interactome) are being increasingly noted for their significant role in pathogenesis and treatment of various human cancers. Recently, miRNA interactome dissected with multiomics approaches has been the subject of focus since individual tools or methods failed to provide the necessary comprehensive clues on the complete interactome. Even though single-omics technologies such as proteomics can uncover part of the interactome, the biological and clinical understanding still remain incomplete. In this study, we present an expert review of studies involving multiomics approaches to identification of miRNA interactome and its application in mechanistic characterization, classification, and therapeutic target identification in a variety of cancers, and with a focus on proteomics. We also discuss individual or multiple miRNA-based interactome identification in various pathological conditions of relevance to clinical medicine. Various new single-omics methods that can be integrated into multiomics cancer research and the computational approaches to analyze and predict miRNA interactome are also highlighted in this review. In all, we contextulize the power of multiomics approaches and the importance of the miRNA interactome to achieve the vision and practice of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in cancer research and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Sindhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Nalini Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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161
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Kazemi S, Mirzaei R, Sholeh M, Karampoor S, Keramat F, Saidijam M, Alikhani MY. microRNAs in human brucellosis: A promising therapeutic approach and biomarker for diagnosis and treatment. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1209-1218. [PMID: 34449979 PMCID: PMC8589381 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Human brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with up to 500,000 new cases each year. The major evasion mechanisms from the host immune system by Brucella are restraint of complement pathway and Toll‐like receptors signaling pathways, interference with efficient antigen presentation to CD4‐positive T lymphocytes, selective subversion of autophagy pathways, inhibition of dendritic cell stimulation, inhibition of autophagolysosomal fusion, and macrophage apoptosis. Many molecular and cellular pathways contribute to brucellosis that microRNAs have a vital function in the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In this regard, these molecules apply for their roles by modulating various events like inflammatory reactions and immune defense. Recently, in the case of immunity to human brucellosis, it has been shown that microRNAs play an important role in immunity against these bacteria. Methods and Results In this study, we tried to review the immune defense and immunopathogenesis of Brucella infection and highlight the current knowledge of the microRNAs in infected cells by Brucella pathogens. The recent findings suggest that the regulation of microRNAs expression is impaired during brucellosis infection, which may contribute to disease progression or inhibition by modulating immune responses against this pathogen. Conclusions The interplay between miRNAs and Brucella pathogens and the underlying process required comprehensive examination to unravel the novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Soares S, Guerreiro SG, Cruz-Martins N, Faria I, Baylina P, Sales MG, Correa-Duarte MA, Fernandes R. The Influence of miRNAs on Radiotherapy Treatment in Prostate Cancer - A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704664. [PMID: 34414113 PMCID: PMC8369466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, extensive investigation on miRNomics have shown to have great advantages in cancer personalized medicine regarding diagnosis, treatment and even clinical outcomes. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer and about 50% of all PCa patients received radiotherapy (RT), despite some of them develop radioresistance. Here, we aim to provide an overview on the mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis and to discuss the functional impact of miRNAs on PCa under radiation response. As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. Identification of miRNAs panel can be thus considered an upcoming and potentially useful strategy in PCa diagnosis, given that radioresistance biomarkers, in both prognosis and therapy still remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Soares
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,LaBMI - Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), P.PORTO - Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Braga, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana G Guerreiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- LaBMI - Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), P.PORTO - Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Goreti Sales
- BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Braga, Portugal.,Biomark@UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Vigo, Spain
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- LaBMI - Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), P.PORTO - Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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163
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Zafari N, Bahramy A, Majidi Zolbin M, Emadi Allahyari S, Farazi E, Hassannejad Z, Yekaninejad MS. microRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers in endometriosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:479-495. [PMID: 34304687 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1960508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether miRNAs have a remarkable pooled diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as noninvasive biomarkers to distinguish endometriosis patients from non-endometriosis women.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest was performed through February 21, 2021 to find relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened each article, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test was performed to assess the publication bias of included studies. The STATA software and RevMan 5.4 were used for data analysis and quality assessment, respectively.Results: The overall quality of the studies was moderate to high. In total 87 datasets were assessed miRNAs' performance which results in sensitivity: 0.82, specificity: 0.79, DOR: 18, NPV: 0.80, PPV: 0.78, PLR: 3.97, and NLR: 022. We conducted subgroup analyses, which showed panels of miRNAs (DOR: 54) and serum (DOR: 43) as a target tissue was more reliable to utilize as biomarkers. Deeks' funnel plot showed that there is no publication bias (P-value = 0.25).Conclusions: Panels of miRNAs differentiate endometriosis patients from non-endometriosis women with high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, it has the potential to use as a noninvasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Zafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Bahramy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI)
| | - Sima Emadi Allahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Farazi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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164
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Xie C, Liu S, Wu B, Zhao Y, Chen B, Guo J, Qiu S, Cao YM. miR-19 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and EMT by Inhibiting SPRED2-mediated Autophagy in Osteosarcoma Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720962460. [PMID: 33023313 PMCID: PMC7784565 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720962460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy with rapid development and poor prognosis. microRNA-19 (miR-19) plays an important role in several biological processes. Sprouty-related EVH1 domain protein 2 (SPRED2) is a suppressor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling to inhibit tumor development and progression by promoting autophagy. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-19, SPRED2, and autophagy in osteosarcoma. We detected the expression of miR-19, SPRED2, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and autophagy-related proteins via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. To evaluate the function of miR-19 and SPRED2, we used MTT and colony formation assays to detect cell proliferation, Transwell, and wound-healing assays to detect cell invasion and migration. Targetscan and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the relationship between SPRED2 and miR-19. The expression of miR-19 was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma, while SPRED2 was downregulated. miR-19 inhibitor reduced cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while its cell biological effects were partially reversed by addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or SPRED2 siRNA in osteosarcoma. SPRED2, a suppressor of ERK/MAPK pathway that is known to trigger autophagy, was identified as a direct target of miR-19. SPRED2 overexpression increased cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT by promoting autophagy, and the effects could be inhibited by 3-MA. Collectively, these findings reveal an underlying mechanism for development of osteosarcoma. miR-19 was upregulated in osteosarcoma cells, and negatively regulated SPRED2, thus promoting the malignant transformation of osteosarcoma cells via inhibiting SPRED2-induced autophagy. Therefore, miR-19/SPRED2 may be a potential target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhai Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShouHong Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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165
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Liquid Biopsy in Cervical Cancer: Hopes and Pitfalls. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163968. [PMID: 34439120 PMCID: PMC8394398 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and its incidence is variably distributed between developed and less-resourced countries, in which socio-economic issues and religious beliefs often limit the widespread diffusion and the access to screening campaigns. In the “liquid biopsy” era, the application of non-invasive and repeatable techniques to the identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers might facilitate the management of this disease and, hopefully, improve its outcome. The purpose of this review is to explore the progress status of liquid biopsy in cervical cancer patients. Several methods are described, which include the analysis of circulating tumor cells, the search for pathogenic mutations on circulating tumor DNA, as well as the identification of circulating RNAs, focusing on their potential clinical applications and current limitations. Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with about 90% of cancer-related deaths occurring in developing countries. The geographical influence on disease evolution reflects differences in the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which is the main cause of CC, as well as in the access and quality of services for CC prevention and diagnosis. At present, the most diffused screening and diagnostic tools for CC are Papanicolaou test and the more sensitive HPV-DNA test, even if both methods require gynecological practices whose acceptance relies on the woman’s cultural and religious background. An alternative (or complimentary) tool for CC screening, diagnosis, and follow-up might be represented by liquid biopsy. Here, we summarize the main methodologies developed in this context, including circulating tumor cell detection and isolation, cell tumor DNA sequencing, coding and non-coding RNA detection, and exosomal miRNA identification. Moreover, the pros and cons of each method are discussed, and their potential applications in diagnosis and prognosis of CC, as well as their role in treatment monitoring, are explored. In conclusion, it is evident that despite many advances obtained in this field, further effort is needed to validate and standardize the proposed methodologies before any clinical use.
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166
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Yonet-Tanyeri N, Ahlmark BZ, Little SR. Advances in Multiplexed Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Cancer Diagnosis: A Review of Technological Developments. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2001138. [PMID: 34447879 PMCID: PMC8384263 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide producing estimated cost of $161.2 billion in the US in 2017 only. Early detection of cancer would not only reduce cancer mortality rates but also dramatically reduce healthcare costs given that the 17 million new cancer cases in 2018 are estimated to grow 27.5 million new cases by 2040. Analytical devices based upon paper substrates could provide effective, rapid, and extremely low cost alternatives for early cancer detection compared to existing testing methods. However, low concentrations of biomarkers in body fluids as well as the possible association of any given biomarker with multiple diseases remain as one of the greatest challenges to widespread adoption of these paper-based devices. However, recent advances have opened the possibility of detecting multiple biomarkers within the same device, which could be predictive of a patient's condition with unprecedented cost-effectiveness. Accordingly, this review highlights the recent advancements in paper-based analytical devices with a multiplexing focus. The primary areas of interest include lateral flow assay and microfluidic paper-based assay formats, signal amplification approaches to enhance the sensitivity for a specific cancer type, along with current challenges and future outlook for the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Benjamin Z Ahlmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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167
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Anjaly K, Tiku AB. MicroRNA mediated therapeutic effects of natural agents in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5759-5773. [PMID: 34304390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several natural products, extensively studied for their anticancer activities, have been found to play an efficient role in preventing prostate cancer (PCa). Recently many natural agents have been reported to modulate microRNAs (miRNAs), that are involved in cancer cell growth. The microRNAs are endogenous small noncoding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate various biological processes through an elegant mechanism of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Besides being involved in cancer initiation, progression, angiogenesis, inflammation, they have been reported to be responsible for chemoresistance, and radioresistance of tumors. The dysregulated miRNA expression has been associated with many cancers including PCa. Over the past several years, it has been found that natural agents are good regulators of miRNAs and have a role in PCa also. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs by natural agents could result in developing useful strategies to combat this deadly disease. METHODS In order to collect research articles, the PubMed search engine was used with keywords 'prostate cancer' and 'natural agents' and 2007 papers were retrieved, further refinement with keywords 'phytochemical' and 'prostate cancer' showed 503 papers. Data was collected from research articles, published from 2010 to 2021. From these, research articles showing miRNA-mediated mechanisms were selected. RESULTS In this review, we have summarized the information available on the modulation of miRNAs by natural agents, their derivatives, and various combinatorial strategies with chemo/radiation therapy for the mitigation of PCa. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current review of literature, it has been found that the use of natural agents is a novel approach for altering miRNA expression strongly associated with PCa development, recurrence and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Anjaly
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A B Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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168
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Zhang WT, Zhang GX, Gao SS. The potential diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs for Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Neurologia 2021:S0213-4853(21)00103-1. [PMID: 34301434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects cognitive ability and has become a key public health problem. Many studies have identified the possibility of peripheral blood microRNA as effective non-invasive biomarkers for AD diagnosis, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we carried out this meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of AD patients. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, updated to March 15, 2021. A random effects model was used to pool the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess whether there was publication bias. RESULTS 62 studies from 18 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.83), PLR was 4. 1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9), NLR was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.19-0.28), DOR was 18 (95% CI: 13-25) and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Subgroup analysis shows that the microRNA clusters of plasma type performed a better diagnostic accuracy of AD patients. In addition, publication bias was not found. CONCLUSIONS Circulating microRNAs can be used as a promising non-invasive biomarker in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Zhang
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - G X Zhang
- International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain
| | - S S Gao
- Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi, China; International Doctoral School, University of Seville, Spain.
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169
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Manganelli M, Grossi I, Ferracin M, Guerriero P, Negrini M, Ghidini M, Senti C, Ratti M, Pizzo C, Passalacqua R, Molfino S, Baiocchi G, Portolani N, Marchina E, De Petro G, Salvi A. Longitudinal Circulating Levels of miR-23b-3p, miR-126-3p and lncRNA GAS5 in HCC Patients Treated with Sorafenib. Biomedicines 2021; 9:813. [PMID: 34356875 PMCID: PMC8301380 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary tumor of the liver and the third cause of cancer-related deaths. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is a systemic drug for unresectable HCC. The identification of molecular biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC and responsiveness to treatment are needed. In this work, we performed an exploratory study to investigate the longitudinal levels of cell-free long ncRNA GAS5 and microRNAs miR-126-3p and -23b-3p in a cohort of 7 patients during the period of treatment with sorafenib. We used qPCR to measure the amounts of GAS5 and miR-126-3p and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to measure the levels of miR-23b-3p. Patients treated with sorafenib displayed variable levels of GAS5, miR-126-3p and miR-23b-3p at different time-points of follow-up. miR-23b-3p was further measured by ddPCR in 37 healthy individuals and 25 untreated HCC patients. The amount of miR-23b-3p in the plasma of untreated HCC patients was significantly downregulated if compared to healthy individuals. The ROC curve analysis underlined its diagnostic relevance. In conclusion, our results highlight a potential clinical significance of circulating miR-23b-3p and an exploratory observation on the longitudinal plasmatic levels of GAS5, miR-126-3p and miR-23b-3p during sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manganelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (I.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Ilaria Grossi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (I.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paola Guerriero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.G.); (M.N.)
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Chiara Senti
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Margherita Ratti
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudio Pizzo
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale of Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy; (M.G.); (C.S.); (M.R.); (C.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Sarah Molfino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Gianluca Baiocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Nazario Portolani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Surgical Clinic, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Eleonora Marchina
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (I.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (I.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandro Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (I.G.); (E.M.)
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170
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Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143490. [PMID: 34298701 PMCID: PMC8305767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a serious major public health problem in its endemic countries. Up to 80% of NPC patients with locally advanced disease or distant metastasis at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis and with median survival less than 4 months. The mortality rate of NPC metastasis is up to 91%. To date, there is no available curative treatment or reliable early diagnosis or prognosis for NPC. Discovery and development of reliable early diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are urgent needed. Hence, we have here listed the potential early diagnosis and prognosis biomarker candidates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review will give an insight to readers on the progress of NPC biomarker discovery to date, as well as future prospective biomarker development and their translation to clinical use. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein–Barr virus infection, individual’s genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Late presentation and the complex nature of the disease have led it to become a major cause of mortality. Therefore, an effective, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarker is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent research status of potential biomarker discovery and the problems that need to be explored further for better NPC management. By studying the aberrant pattern of these candidate biomarkers that promote NPC development and progression, we are able to understand the complexity of this malignancy better, hence positing our stands better towards strategies that may provide a way forward to the discovery of more reliable and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development.
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171
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Raghu A, Magendhra Rao AKD, Rajkumar T, Mani S. Prognostic Implications of microRNA-155, -133a, -21 and -205 in Breast Cancer Patients' Plasma. Microrna 2021; 10:206-218. [PMID: 34238179 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210707114843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer, being a heterogenous disease at the intra-tumoral and intertumoral levels, presents challenges in following the progress of the disease. Tumour-secreted aberrantly expressed miRNAs obtained from peripheral blood represent a non-invasive alternative resource for detecting and monitoring the development of the disease. This study evaluates the expression of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 as non-invasive, prognostic and follow-up markers for breast cancer. METHODS Plasma expression levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 were measured using real-time PCR in breast cancer patients (n=63) at presentation, healthy controls (n=25), and in post-treatment samples of 31 patients. A meta-analysis was performed using 43 studies identified from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Hedge's g values were used to calculate the overall effect size. RESULTS Plasma miR-21 levels were higher in breast cancer patients at presentation compared to controls, while no difference was observed for miR-155, miR-133a and miR-205. These results were further supported by the meta-analysis. The altered levels of miR-155 during tamoxifen treatment indicated a potential role for miR-155 in monitoring treatment response. Further, high expressions of at least three miRNAs correlated with poor overall survival in the breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 may be useful as prognostic and follow-up markers for breast cancer with further validation in a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthy Raghu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai 600036,India
| | | | | | - Samson Mani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai 600036,India
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Chao CT, Yeh HY, Tsai YT, Chiang CK, Chen HW. A combined microRNA and target protein-based panel for predicting the probability and severity of uraemic vascular calcification: a translational study. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1958-1973. [PMID: 32866261 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular calcification (VC) increases the future risk of cardiovascular events in uraemic patients, but effective therapies are still unavailable. Accurate identification of those at risk of developing VC using pathogenesis-based biomarkers is of particular interest and may facilitate individualized risk stratification. We aimed to uncover microRNA (miRNA)-target protein-based biomarker panels for evaluating uraemic VC probability and severity. METHODS AND RESULTS We created a three-tiered in vitro VC model and an in vivo uraemic rat model receiving high phosphate diet to mimic uraemic VC. RNAs from the three-tiered in vitro and in vivo uraemic VC models underwent miRNA and mRNA microarray, with results screened for differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes as biomarkers. Findings were validated in original models and additionally in an ex vivo VC model and human cells, followed by functional assays of identified miRNAs and target proteins, and tests of sera from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without and with VC. Totally 122 down-regulated and 119 up-regulated miRNAs during calcification progression were identified initially; further list narrowing based on miRNA-mRNA pairing, anti-correlation, and functional enrichment left 16 and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Levels of four miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-195, miR-125b-2-3p, and miR-378a-3p) were shown to decrease throughout all models tested, while one mRNA (SULF1, a potential target of miR-378a-3p) exhibited the opposite trend concurrently. Among 96 ESRD (70.8% with VC) and 59 CKD patients (61% with VC), serum miR-125b2-3p and miR-378a-3p decreased with greater VC severity, while serum SULF1 levels increased. Adding serum miR-125b-2-3p, miR-378a-3p, and SULF1 into regression models for VC substantially improved performance compared to using clinical variables alone. CONCLUSION Using a translational approach, we discovered a novel panel of biomarkers for gauging the probability/severity of uraemic VC based on miRNAs/target proteins, which improved the diagnostic accuracy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfotransferases/blood
- Transcriptome
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Uremia/complications
- Uremia/genetics
- Uremia/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, No. 87, Neijiang Street, Wanhua District, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, No.70, Linxi Road, Shilin District, Taipei 11102, Taiwan
| | - You-Tien Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, No. 87, Neijiang Street, Wanhua District, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Integrative Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, No.1, Section 4, Ren-Ai Road, Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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173
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Tubita V, Callejas‐Díaz B, Roca‐Ferrer J, Marin C, Liu Z, Wang DY, Mullol J. Role of microRNAs in inflammatory upper airway diseases. Allergy 2021; 76:1967-1980. [PMID: 33314198 DOI: 10.1111/all.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved family of small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that modulate post-transcriptional gene expression in physiological and pathological processes. miRNAs can silence target mRNAs through degradation or inhibition of translation, showing their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. miRNAs play a role in regulating immune functions and inflammation and are implicated in controlling the development and activation of T and B cells. Inflammatory chronic upper airway diseases, such as rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, are spread all over the world and characterized by an exaggerated inflammation involving a complex interaction between immune and resident cells. Until now and despite allergy, little is known about their etiology and the processes implicated in the immune response and tuning inflammation of these diseases. This review highlights the knowledge of the current literature about miRNAs in inflammatory chronic upper airways diseases and how this may be exploited in the development of new clinical and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tubita
- INGENIO Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IRCE) Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Borja Callejas‐Díaz
- INGENIO Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IRCE) Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Carlos III Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Roca‐Ferrer
- INGENIO Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IRCE) Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Carlos III Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Concepció Marin
- INGENIO Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IRCE) Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Carlos III Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeNational University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IRCE) Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES) Carlos III Institute Barcelona Spain
- ENT Department Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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174
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Li G, Wang Q, Li Z, Shen Y. Serum miR-21 and miR-210 as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2021; 112:832-837. [PMID: 33054296 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6801/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-21 and miR-210 in serum of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS the expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-210 in 40 CRC patients (CRC group) and 20 healthy patients (control group) were measured by qRT-PCR. Correlation analysis was performed of the relationship between serum miR-21 and miR-210 levels with clinical characteristics, including gender, age, tumor location, tumor size, tumor stage, local invasion and TNM staging. The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-210 in the CRC group were separately measured before and after surgery. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-21 and miR-210. RESULTS serum miR-21 and miR-210 in the CRC group were much higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum miR-21 and miR-210 were closely related to tumor size (p = 0.028, p = 0.047), lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.038, p = 0.028), TNM staging (p = 0.014, p = 0.047) and tumor stage (p = 0.014, p = 0.017), but independent of gender, age and tumor location. In addition, serum miR-21 and miR-210 in the CRC group (n = 18) after surgery were lower than those before surgery (p < 0.001). ROC curves showed that miR-21 (AUC = 0.863) and miR-210 (AUC = 0.818) both had diagnostic efficacy in CRC patients. CONCLUSION miR-21 and miR-210 can be used as novel non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital
| | - Qi Wang
- Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital
| | - Yi Shen
- Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital,
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175
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Fan X, Cao M, Liu C, Zhang C, Li C, Cheng W, Zhang S, Zhang H, Zhu W. Three plasma-based microRNAs as potent diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:127-138. [PMID: 33896823 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with noticeable stability and unique expression pattern in plasma of patients with various diseases, are powerful non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection including endometrial cancer (EC). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify promising miRNA biomarkers in plasma to assist the clinical screening of EC. METHODS A total of 93 EC and 79 normal control (NC) plasma samples were analyzed using Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in this four-stage experiment. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value. Additionally, the expression features of the identified miRNAs were further explored in tissues and plasma exosomes samples. RESULTS The expression of miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-151a-5p was significantly overexpressed in the plasma of EC patients compared with NCs. Areas under the ROC curve of the 3-miRNA signature were 0.729, 0.751, and 0.789 for the training, testing, and external validation phases, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the identified signature proved to be stable in the three public datasets and superior to the other miRNA biomarkers in EC diagnosis. Moreover, the expression of miR-151a-5p was significantly elevated in EC plasma exosomes. CONCLUSIONS A signature consisting of 3 plasma miRNAs was identified and showed potential for the non-invasive diagnosis of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Fan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Cao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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176
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Zheng Q, Hou W. Regulation of angiogenesis by microRNAs in cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:583. [PMID: 34132365 PMCID: PMC8223106 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, small, non‑coding RNA molecules with ~22 nucleotides, and are involved in regulating the expression of multiple genes and controlling cellular functions. miRs serve key roles in angiogenesis by regulating the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration of endothelial cells. Regulation of angiogenesis is essential for several physiological and pathological processes, particularly for tumor development and progression. Therefore, it is important to investigate the roles served by miRs in angiogenesis as this may aid in discovering novel strategies for treating tumors via modulating angiogenesis. In this review, miRNA biogenesis, regulation and functions are described with new information and corresponding references. In particular, the latest advances in the role of various miRs and their target genes involved in tumor angiogenesis were updated. Next, different signaling pathways by which miRNAs could be regulated in different types of tumor progression were addressed. Furthermore, the potential clinical value of miRs as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the response to therapy, as well as their ability to regulate tumor angiogenesis and the mechanism underlying this regulation, were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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177
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Thomopoulou K, Papadaki C, Monastirioti A, Koronakis G, Mala A, Kalapanida D, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. MicroRNAs Regulating Tumor Immune Response in the Prediction of the Outcome in Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:668534. [PMID: 34179081 PMCID: PMC8220200 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.668534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in immune surveillance and immune escape as well as modulators in the metastatic process of breast cancer cells. We evaluated the differential expression of plasma miR-10b, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-155, which regulate immune response in breast cancer progression and we investigated their clinical relevance in the outcomes of breast cancer patients. Plasma samples were obtained from early (eBC; n = 140) and metastatic (mBC; n = 64) breast cancer patients before adjuvant or first-line chemotherapy, respectively. Plasma miRNA expression levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. We revealed a 4-miRNA panel consisted of miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-126, and miR-155 able to discriminate eBC from mBC patients with an AUC of 0.802 (p < 0.001). Survival analysis in eBC patients revealed that low miR-10b and miR-155 expression was associated with shorter disease free survival (disease free survival; p = 0.012 and p = 0.04, respectively) compared to high expression. Furthermore, miR-126 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (overall survival; p = 0.045). In multivariate analysis the number of infiltrated axillary lymph nodes and low miR-10b expression independently predicted for shorter DFS (HR: 2.538; p = 0.002 and HR: 1.943; p = 0.033, respectively) and axillary lymph nodes and low miR-126 for shorter OS (HR: 3.537; p = 0.001 and HR: 2.558; p = 0.018). In the subgroup of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, low miR-155 expression independently predicted for shorter DFS (HR: 5.056; p = 0.037). Accordingly in mBC, patients with low miR-10b expression had shorter progression free survival and OS compared to patients with high expression (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.042, respectively). In multivariate analysis, recurrent disease and low miR-10b expression independently predicted for shorter PFS (HR: 2.657; p = 0.001 and HR: 1.920; p = 0.017, respectively), whereas performance status two independently predicted for shorter OS (HR: 2.031; p = 0.03). In summary, deregulated expression of circulating miRNAs involved in tumor and immune cell interactions evaluated before adjuvant and 1st-line chemotherapy can distinguish disease status and emerge as independent predictors for outcomes of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Thomopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexia Monastirioti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Koronakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mala
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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178
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Deciphering the Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Coregulation Networks in Ovarian Cancer Development: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061407. [PMID: 34204094 PMCID: PMC8227049 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are emergent elements from the genome, which do not encode for proteins but have relevant cellular functions impacting almost all the physiological processes occurring in eukaryotic cells. In particular, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of small RNAs transcribed from the genome, which modulate the expression of specific genes at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, thus adding a new regulatory layer in the flux of genetic information. In cancer cells, the miRNAs and lncRNAs interactions with its target genes and functional pathways are deregulated as a consequence of epigenetic and genetic alterations occurring during tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge on the interplay of lncRNAs with its cognate miRNAs and mRNAs pairs, which interact in coregulatory networks with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic behavior in ovarian cancer. Specifically, we reviewed here the evidences unraveling the relevant roles of lncRNAs/miRNAs pairs in altered regulation of cell migration, angiogenesis, therapy resistance, and Warburg effect. Finally, we also discussed its potential clinical implications in ovarian cancer and related endocrine disease therapies.
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179
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Kabzinski J, Maczynska M, Majsterek I. MicroRNA as a Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34198889 PMCID: PMC8228566 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths in 2018, and although the survival statistics for some patient groups are improving, there is still an urgent need to find a fast and reliable biomarker that allows early diagnosis. This niche can be filled by microRNA, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which are expressed in response to specific events in the body. This article presents the potential use of microRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC, compares the advances in this field to other diseases, especially other cancers, and discusses the detailed use of miRNA as a biomarker in profiling and predicting the treatment outcome with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Potential problems and difficulties related to the development of this promising technology, and areas on which future research should be focused in order to overcome these difficulties, were also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.K.); (M.M.)
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180
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Nagasaka M, Uddin MH, Al-Hallak MN, Rahman S, Balasubramanian S, Sukari A, Azmi AS. Liquid biopsy for therapy monitoring in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:82. [PMID: 34074295 PMCID: PMC8170728 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is now considered a valuable diagnostic tool for advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been shown to increase the chances of identifying the presence of targetable mutations and has been adopted by many clinicians owing to its low risk. Serial monitoring of ctDNA may also help assess the treatment response or for monitoring relapse. As the presence of detectable plasma ctDNA post-surgery likely indicates residual tumor burden, studies have been performed to quantify plasma ctDNA to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) in early-stage resected NSCLC. Most data on utilizing liquid biopsy for monitoring MRD in early-stage NSCLC are from small-scale studies using ctDNA. Here, we review the recent research on liquid biopsy in NSCLC, not limited to ctDNA, and focus on novel methods such as micro RNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding (lncRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Mohammed Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al-Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sarah Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA
| | - Suresh Balasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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181
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Zhou P, Gong S, Liu B, Shi M, Lu F, Li N, Tang B. A hybridization-based dual-colorimetric kit for circulating cancer miRNA detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6058-6061. [PMID: 34037012 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual-colorimetric miRNA detection kit that can simultaneously detect two miRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity is developed, and the data can be read by the naked eye easily. The kit is able to distinguish the patients from healthy people and achieve lung cancer diagnosis using clinical serum samples in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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182
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Zheng X, Rui S, Wang XF, Zou XH, Gong YP, Li ZH. circPVT1 regulates medullary thyroid cancer growth and metastasis by targeting miR-455-5p to activate CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:157. [PMID: 33962657 PMCID: PMC8106141 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) represents 13.4 % of all thyroid cancers-related deaths. The treatments for MTC are very limited especially for patients with distal metastasis. Therefore, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of MTC to pursue novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we studied the function of circPVT1/miR-455-5p in MTC. METHODS Human MTC tissues and cell lines were used. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to measure expression levels of miR-455-5p, circPVT1, CXCL12, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-related proteins. Colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and scratch wound healing assay were used to assess the abilities of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. Dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were employed to validate interactions of circPVT1/miR-455-5p and miR-455-5p/CXCL12. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the effects of shcircPVT1 and miR-455-5p mimics on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS miR-455-5p was reduced in MTC tissues and cells while circPVT1 was elevated. Their levels were correlated with prognosis of MTC. Overexpression of miR-455-5p or sh-circPVT1 suppressed EMT and MTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. miR-455-5p targeted CXCL12 while circPVT1 sponged miR-455-5p. Knockdown of CXCL12 or CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling inhibitor reversed the effects of circPVT1 overexpression or miR-455-5p inhibitor on EMT and MTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Knockdown of circPVT1 or miR-455-5p overexpression repressed MTC tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS miR-455-5p suppresses MTC growth and metastasis by targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway while circPVT1 promotes MTC by sponging miR-455-5p. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms of MTC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Rui
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu-He Zou
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Gong
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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183
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de Sá Pereira BM, Montalvão de Azevedo R, da Silva Guerra JV, Faria PA, Soares-Lima SC, De Camargo B, Maschietto M. Non-coding RNAs in Wilms' tumor: biological function, mechanism, and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1043-1055. [PMID: 33950291 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are involved with maintenance and regulation of physiological mechanisms and are involved in pathological processes, such as cancer. Among the small ncRNAs, miRNAs are the most explored in tumorigenesis, metastasis development, and resistance to chemotherapy. These small molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides are modulated during early renal development, involved in the regulation of gene expression and Wilms' tumor progression. Wilms' tumors are embryonic tumors with few mutations and complex epigenetic dysregulation. In recent years, the small ncRNAs have been explored as potentially related both in physiological development and in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. Besides, genes regulated by miRNAs are related to biological pathways as PI3K, Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo signaling pathways, among others, which may be involved with the underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, and in this way, it has emerged as potential targets for cancer therapies, including for Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Montalvão de Azevedo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Current institution: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Faria
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Current: Research Institute, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Rua Dr. Gabriel Porto, 1270 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-210, Brazil.
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184
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Faraldi M, Gerosa L, Gomarasca M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Ziemann E, Banfi G, Lombardi G. A Physically Active Status Affects the Circulating Profile of Cancer-Associated miRNAs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050820. [PMID: 33946605 PMCID: PMC8147229 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs are ideal diagnostics and prognostics biomarkers in cancer since altered levels of specific miRNAs have been associated to development/progression of several cancers. Physical activity is a recognized preventive strategy against several cancers, but it may also modify the baseline levels of cancer-associated miRNAs and, hence, may act as a confounding pre-analytical variable. This study aimed at understanding whether physical activity-dependent changes in cancer-associated circulating miRNAs profile could act as a confounding variable. A panel comprising 179 miRNAs was assayed in plasma from 20 highly trained and 10 sedentary men. RT-qPCR data were analyzed with the 2−2ΔΔCT methods and normalized on hsa-miR-320d, as determined by bioinformatics analysis. miRNAs associated with the diagnosis of the most prevalent cancers were considered. Only those miRNAs, relevantly associated with cancers, found ≥2-fold up- or downregulated in highly trained subjects compared to sedentary were disclosed. The results reveal that chronic physical activity determined modifications altering the baseline level of several cancer-associated miRNAs and, hence, their diagnostic and prognostic potential. In conclusion, based on our results, a physically active status emerges as an important pre-analytical variable able to alter the basal level of circulating miRNAs, and these alterations might be considered as potentially misleading the analytical output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Laura Gerosa
- Gruppo San Donato Foundation, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02166214068
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy; (M.F.); (M.G.); (V.S.); (S.P.); (G.B.); (G.L.)
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
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185
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Pothipor C, Aroonyadet N, Bamrungsap S, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. A highly sensitive electrochemical microRNA-21 biosensor based on intercalating methylene blue signal amplification and a highly dispersed gold nanoparticles/graphene/polypyrrole composite. Analyst 2021; 146:2679-2688. [PMID: 33687386 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are indicative biomolecules for the early diagnosis of cancer. This work aims to develop a cost-effective and label-free electrochemical biosensor to detect miRNA-21, a biomarker of breast cancer. An electrochemical sensor is fabricated using a nanocomposite, consisting of graphene (GP), polypyrrole (PPY) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), modified onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to improve electron transfer properties and increase the degree of methylene blue (MB) intercalation for signal amplification. The GP/PPY-modified electrode offers good electrochemical reactivity and high dispersibility of AuNPs, resulting in excellent sensor performance. Peak current of the MB redox process, which is proportional to miRNA-21 concentration on the electrode surface, is monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under optimal conditions, this sensor is operated by monitoring the MB signal response due to the amount of hybridization products between miRNA-21 target molecules and DNA-21 probes immobilized on the electrode. The proposed biosensor reveals a linear range from 1.0 fM to 1.0 nM with a low detection limit of 0.020 fM. In addition, the miRNA-21 biosensor provides good selectivity, high stability, and satisfactory reproducibility, which shows promising potential in clinical research and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chammari Pothipor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. and The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Aroonyadet
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwussa Bamrungsap
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand and Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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186
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Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.110014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.
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187
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Wright K, de Silva K, Plain KM, Purdie AC, Blair TA, Duggin IG, Britton WJ, Oehlers SH. Mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 inhibits protective neutrophil recruitment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009186. [PMID: 33826679 PMCID: PMC8055004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria actively dysregulate protective host immune signalling pathways during infection to drive the formation of permissive granuloma microenvironments. Dynamic regulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a conserved feature of mycobacterial infections across host-pathogen pairings. Here we examine the role of miR-206 in the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection, which allows investigation of the early stages of granuloma formation. We find miR-206 is upregulated following infection by pathogenic M. marinum and that antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-206 is protective against infection. We observed striking upregulation of cxcl12a and cxcr4b in infected miR-206 knockdown zebrafish embryos and live imaging revealed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of cxcl12a and cxcr4b expression and AMD3100 inhibition of Cxcr4 to show that the enhanced neutrophil response and reduced bacterial burden caused by miR-206 knockdown was dependent on the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling axis. Together, our data illustrate a pathway through which pathogenic mycobacteria induce host miR-206 expression to suppress Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling and prevent protective neutrophil recruitment to granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wright
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karren M. Plain
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Auriol C. Purdie
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamika A. Blair
- ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iain G. Duggin
- ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warwick J. Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan H. Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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188
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Kim MY, Shin H, Moon HW, Park YH, Park J, Lee JY. Urinary exosomal microRNA profiling in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7355. [PMID: 33795765 PMCID: PMC8016942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of urine exosomes have emerged as biomarkers for urological cancers, owing to their high stability. MiRNAs have been linked to factors associated with aggressive prostate cancer such as biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to identify urinary exosomal miRNAs as prognostic markers associated with BCR in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. We profiled the expression levels of miRNAs via next generation sequencing in urinary exosomes from 21 non-BCR patients and 6 BCR patients of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. A total of 21 urinary exosomal miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (> twofold) in BCR patients compared to non-BCR patients. For external validation, we validated these results using quantitative reverse transcription PCR in an independent cohort of 28 non-BCR patients and 26 BCR patients. A validation analysis revealed that three miRNAs (miR-26a-5p, miR-532-5p, and miR-99b-3p) were upregulated in exosomes from BCR patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that miR-532-5p was an important predictive factor for BCR of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. In conclusion, miR-532-5p in urine exosomes might be a potential biomarker for predicting BCR, which is a poor prognosis in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Further research is needed on the biological functions and mechanisms of this miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Young Kim
- Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Moon
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Park
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Catholic Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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189
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Rial MJ, Cañas JA, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Valverde-Monge M, Sastre B, Sastre J, del Pozo V. Changes in Serum MicroRNAs after Anti-IL-5 Biological Treatment of Severe Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073558. [PMID: 33808110 PMCID: PMC8038078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently enough evidence to think that miRNAs play a role in several key points in asthma, including diagnosis, severity of the disease, and response to treatment. Cells release different types of lipid double-membrane vesicles into the extracellular microenvironment, including exosomes, which function as very important elements in intercellular communication. They are capable of distributing genetic material, mRNA, mitochondrial DNA, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Serum miRNA screening was performed in order to analyze possible changes in serum miRNAs in 10 patients treated with reslizumab and 6 patients with mepolizumab after 8 weeks of treatment. The expression of miR-338-3p was altered after treatment (p < 0.05), although no significant differences between reslizumab and mepolizumab were found. Bioinformatic analysis showed that miR-338-3p regulates important pathways in asthma, such as the MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways and the biosynthesis/degradation of glucans (p < 0.05). However, it did not correlate with an improvement in lung function. MiRNA-338-3p could be used as a biomarker of early response to reslizumab and mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients. In fact, this miRNA could be involved in airway remodeling, targeting genes related to MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Rial
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.R.); (M.V.-M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.M.R.-M.); (B.S.)
| | - José A. Cañas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.M.R.-M.); (B.S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.M.R.-M.); (B.S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.R.); (M.V.-M.); (J.S.)
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.M.R.-M.); (B.S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.R.); (M.V.-M.); (J.S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.C.); (J.M.R.-M.); (B.S.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9155-048-91
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190
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Chen Y, Wu T, Zhu Z, Huang H, Zhang L, Goel A, Yang M, Wang X. An integrated workflow for biomarker development using microRNAs in extracellular vesicles for cancer precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:134-155. [PMID: 33766650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EV-miRNAs are microRNA (miRNA) molecules encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play crucial roles in tumor pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis. Recent studies about EV-miRNAs have gained novel insights into cancer biology and have demonstrated a great potential to develop novel liquid biopsy assays for various applications. Notably, compared to conventional liquid biomarkers, EV-miRNAs are more advantageous in representing host-cell molecular architecture and exhibiting higher stability and specificity. Despite various available techniques for EV-miRNA separation, concentration, profiling, and data analysis, a standardized approach for EV-miRNA biomarker development is yet lacking. In this review, we performed a substantial literature review and distilled an integrated workflow encompassing important steps for EV-miRNA biomarker development, including sample collection and EV isolation, EV-miRNA extraction and quantification, high-throughput data preprocessing, biomarker prioritization and model construction, functional analysis, as well as validation. With the rapid growth of "big data", we highlight the importance of efficient mining of high-throughput data for the discovery of EV-miRNA biomarkers and integrating multiple independent datasets for in silico and experimental validations to increase the robustness and reproducibility. Furthermore, as an efficient strategy in systems biology, network inference provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and can be used to select functionally important EV-miRNAs to refine the biomarker candidates. Despite the encouraging development in the field, a number of challenges still hinder the clinical translation. We finally summarize several common challenges in various biomarker studies and discuss potential opportunities emerging in the related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhongxu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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191
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Rubio J, Cristóbal I, Santos A, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Alvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Low MicroRNA-19b Expression Shows a Promising Clinical Impact in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061456. [PMID: 33810186 PMCID: PMC8005118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The establishment of molecular markers to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) would help to avoid unnecessary toxicities and surgery delays in the clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. Our aim here was to in-vestigate the clinical impact of miR-19b in this disease. Interestingly, our findings highlight the potential usefulness of miR-19b as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant CRT and outcome, and suggest PPP2R5E as a relevant miR-19b target in LARC. Abstract The standard treatment for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgical mesorectal excision. However, the lack of response to this preoperative treatment strongly compromises patient outcomes and leads to surgical delays and undesired toxicities in those non-responder cases. Thus, the identification of effective and robust biomarkers to predict response to preoperative CRT represents an urgent need in the current clinical management of LARC. The oncomiR microRNA-19b (miR-19b) has been reported to functionally play oncogenic roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as well as regulate 5-FU sensitivity and determine outcome in CRC patients. However, its clinical impact in LARC has not been previously investigated. Here, we show that miR-19b deregulation is a common event in this disease, and its decreased expression significantly associates with lower tumor size after CRT (p = 0.003), early pathological stage (p = 0.003), and absence of recurrence (p = 0.001) in LARC patients. Interestingly, low miR-19b expression shows a predictive value of better response to neoajuvant CRT (p < 0.001), and the subgroup of LARC patients with low miR-19b levels have a markedly longer overall (p = 0.003) and event-free survival (p = 0.023). Finally, multivariate analyses determined that miR-19b independently predicts both patient outcome and response to preoperative CRT, highlighting its potential clinical usefulness in the management of LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G-F.)
| | - Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.)
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Alvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (M.S.-A.); (S.Z.); (J.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (I.C. & J.G-F.)
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Peixoto da Silva S, Caires HR, Bergantim R, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. miRNAs mediated drug resistance in hematological malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:283-302. [PMID: 33757848 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies in the last decades, refractory disease still occurs, and cancer drug resistance still remains a major hurdle in the clinical management of these cancer patients. The investigation of this problem has been extensive and different mechanism and molecules have been associated with drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as having an important action in the emergence of cancer, including hematological tumors, and as being major players in their progression, aggressiveness and response to treatments. Moreover, miRNAs have been strongly associated with cancer drug resistance and with the modulation of the sensitivity of cancer cells to a wide array of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, this role has also been reported for miRNAs packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs-miRNAs), which in turn have been described as essential for the horizontal transfer of drug resistance to sensitive cells. Several studies have been suggesting the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for drug response and clinical outcome prediction, as well as promising therapeutic tools in hematological diseases. Indeed, the combination of miRNA-based therapeutic tools with conventional drugs contributes to overcome drug resistance. This review addresses the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hematological malignances, namely multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas, highlighting their important action (either in their cell-free circulating form or within circulating EVs) in drug resistance and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Caires
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Bergantim
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, Hospital São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - José E Guimarães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Hematology, FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, IUCSCESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Circulating miR-618 Has Prognostic Significance in Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1204-1215. [PMID: 33804070 PMCID: PMC8025826 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the prognostic role of circulating miRNA-618 in patients with metastatic colon cancer (mCC) and whether miR-618 gene rs2682818 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are associated with colon cancer susceptibility and expression levels of mature miR-618. In total, 104 patients with mCC before starting the chemotherapy were investigated. The expression status of circulating miR-618 in mCC was evaluated by quantitative PCR. TaqMan PCR assay was used for rs2682818 SNP genotyping. miR-618 was overexpressed in serum of mCC patients. Patients with high and intermediate expression of miR-618 had a significantly longer mean overall survival (OS) of 21 months than patients with low expression—16 months. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the association between high/intermediate levels of miRNA-618 and longer OS, HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.86, p = 0.012. miR-618 rs2682818 SNP significantly decreased the risk of colon cancer susceptibility in both heterozygous codominant (AC vs. CC, OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88, p = 0.024) and overdominant (AC vs. CC + AA, OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.85, p = 0.018) genetic models. Our data suggest that circulating miRNA-618 could be useful as a prognostic biomarker in mCC. Patients harboring AC rs2682818 genotype have a decreased risk for colon cancer in comparison with patients with CC and AA genotypes.
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194
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Amri C, Shukla AK, Lee JH. Recent Advancements in Nanoparticle-Based Optical Biosensors for Circulating Cancer Biomarkers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1339. [PMID: 33802028 PMCID: PMC8001438 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of cancer treatment strongly depends on the early detection of the disease. Currently, the most common diagnostic method, tissue biopsy, takes time and can be damaging to the patient. Circulating cancer biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA, micro-RNA (miRNA), tumor proteins, exosomes, and circulating tumor cells have repeatedly demonstrated their viability as targets for minimally invasive cancer detection through liquid biopsies. However, among other things, achieving a great sensitivity of detection is still challenging due to the very low concentration of biomarkers in fluid samples. This review will discuss how the recent advances in nanoparticle-based biosensors are overcoming these practical difficulties. This report will be focusing mainly on optical transduction mechanisms of metal nanoparticles (M-NPs), quantum dots (QDs), and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Amri
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Arvind Kumar Shukla
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
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195
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Ashe H, Krakowiak P, Hasterok S, Sleppy R, Roller DG, Gioeli D. Role of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family in prostate cancer. FEBS J 2021; 288:6112-6126. [PMID: 33682350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very complex disease that is a major cause of death in men worldwide. Currently, PCa dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) has resulted in use of AR antagonists and antiandrogen therapies that reduce endogenous steroid hormone production. However, within two to three years of receiving first-line androgen deprivation therapy, the majority of patients diagnosed with PCa progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is an urgent need for therapies that are more durable than antagonism of the AR axis. Studies of runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) and their heterodimerization partner, core-binding factor subunit b (CBFβ), are revealing that the RUNX family are drivers of CRPC. In this review, we describe what is presently understood about RUNX members in PCa, including what regulates and is regulated by RUNX proteins, and the role of RUNX proteins in the tumor microenvironment and AR signaling. We discuss the implications for therapeutically targeting RUNX, the potential for RUNX as PCa biomarkers, and the current pressing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ashe
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patryk Krakowiak
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rosalie Sleppy
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Devin G Roller
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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196
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030388. [PMID: 33808038 PMCID: PMC8001426 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane and soluble proteins. Subtypes of EVs include ectosomes (microparticles/microvesicles), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies that can be released by various tissues into biological fluids. EV cargo can modulate physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells through near- and long-distance intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that origin, amount, and internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) of EVs are variable under different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The early detection and management of CVD reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Circulating EVs have attracted great interest as a potential biomarker for diagnostics and follow-up of CVD. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up of CVD, and also for drug delivery. Despite the great potential of EVs as a tool to study the pathophysiology of CVD, further studies are needed to increase the spectrum of EV-associated applications.
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197
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Stempor PA, Avni D, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Stępień M, Dzieciątkowski T, Dobosz P. Comprehensive Analysis of Correlations in the Expression of miRNA Genes and Immune Checkpoint Genes in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2553. [PMID: 33806327 PMCID: PMC7961343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine is the future and hope for many patients, including those with cancers. Early detection, as well as rapid, well-selected treatment, are key factors leading to a good prognosis. MicroRNA mediated gene regulation is a promising area of development for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, crucial for better prospects for patients. Bladder cancer is a frequent neoplasm, with high lethality and lacking modern, advanced therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy. MicroRNAs are involved in bladder cancer pathogenesis, proliferation, control and response to treatment, which we summarise in this perspective in response to lack of recent review publications in this field. We further performed a correlation-based analysis of microRNA and gene expression data in bladder cancer (BLCA) TCGA dataset. We identified 27 microRNAs hits with opposite expression profiles to genes involved in immune response in bladder cancer, and 24 microRNAs hits with similar expression profiles. We discuss previous studies linking the functions of these microRNAs to bladder cancer and assess if they are good candidates for personalised medicine therapeutics and diagnostics. The discussed functions include regulation of gene expression, interplay with transcription factors, response to treatment, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, initiation and development of cancer, genome instability and tumour-associated inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław A. Stempor
- SmartImmune Ltd, Accelerate Cambridge, University of Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge CB4 1EE, UK;
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
| | - Raya Leibowitz
- Oncology Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Yaakov, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Maria Stępień
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Hematology, Transplantationand Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Rishabh K, Khadilkar S, Kumar A, Kalra I, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. MicroRNAs as Modulators of Oral Tumorigenesis-A Focused Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052561. [PMID: 33806361 PMCID: PMC7961687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers constitute the majority of head and neck tumors, with a relatively high incidence and poor survival rate in developing countries. While the five-year survival rates of the oral cancer patients have increased to 65%, the overall survival for advanced stages has been at 27% for the past ten years, emphasizing the necessity for further understanding the etiology of the disease, diagnosis, and formulating possible novel treatment regimens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNA, have emerged as master modulators of gene expression in various cellular and biological process. Aberrant expression of these dynamic molecules has been associated with many human diseases, including oral cancers. The deregulated miRNAs have been shown to control various oncogenic processes, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. Hence, the aberrant expression of miRNAs associated with oral cancers, makes them potential candidates for the investigation of functional markers, which will aid in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic regimens. This review presents a holistic insight into our understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating various hallmarks of oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Rishabh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Soham Khadilkar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ishu Kalra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
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199
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Lettieri S, Bortolotto C, Agustoni F, Lococo F, Lancia A, Comoli P, Corsico AG, Stella GM. The Evolving Landscape of the Molecular Epidemiology of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051034. [PMID: 33802313 PMCID: PMC7959144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that most commonly affects the pleural lining of the lungs. It has a strong association with exposure to biopersistent fibers, mainly asbestos (80% of cases) and—in specific geographic regions—erionite, zeolites, ophiolites, and fluoro-edenite. Individuals with a chronic exposure to asbestos generally have a long latency with no or few symptoms. Then, when patients do become symptomatic, they present with advanced disease and a worse overall survival (about 13/15 months). The fibers from industrial production not only pose a substantial risk to workers, but also to their relatives and to the surrounding community. Modern targeted therapies that have shown benefit in other human tumors have thus far failed in MPM. Overall, MPM has been listed as orphan disease by the European Union. However, molecular high-throughput profiling is currently unveiling novel biomarkers and actionable targets. We here discuss the natural evolution, mainly focusing on the novel concept of molecular epidemiology. The application of innovative endpoints, quantification of genetic damages, and definition of genetic susceptibility are reviewed, with the ultimate goal to point out new tools for screening of exposed subject and for designing more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lettieri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Thoracic Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policinico A. Gemelli, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiation Therapy, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Angelo G. Corsico
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Giulia M. Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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200
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Mazziotta C, Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, Taraballi F, Torreggiani E, Rotondo JC, Otòn-Gonzalez L, Mazzoni E, Frontini F, Bononi I, De Mattei M, Tognon M, Martini F. MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2362. [PMID: 33673409 PMCID: PMC7956574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating diseases and damaged tissues and organs. MSCs are capable of self-replication and differentiation into osteoblasts and are considered an important source of cells in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. Several epigenetic factors are believed to play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that are able to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by binding the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, which can be subsequently degraded or translationally silenced. MiRNAs control gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating two crucial signaling cascades in osteogenesis: the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and the Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of the miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation and how these miRNAs could regulate the expression of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Lucia Otòn-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Frontini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Ilaria Bononi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.M.); (C.L.); (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (J.C.R.); (L.O.-G.); (E.M.); (F.F.); (I.B.); (F.M.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 70, Eliporto Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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