151
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Integration of a fiber-based cell culture and biosensing system for monitoring of multiple protein markers secreted from stem cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113531. [PMID: 34333363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new platform that can integrate three-dimensional cell culture scaffold and a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensor by stacking them to form a multilayer system, which would allow monitoring of the protein markers secreted from cultured stem cells without periodic cell and/or media collection. The cell culture scaffold supported the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). The SERS capture substrate detected protein markers in combination with SERS tag made with Au-Ag alloy nanoboxes. Incorporating the different Raman reporters into the SERS tag allowed easy identification of target proteins for multiplex assays. The resultant SERS-based immunoassay could detect the pg/mL levels of protein markers without crosstalk and interference. When one ADSC culture scaffold and multiple SERS capture substrates were integrated and incubated in differentiation culture media, our system was sufficiently sensitive to monitor time-dependent secretion of three different osteogenic protein markers from ADSCs during their osteogenic differentiation. Since the sensor and cell culture scaffold can be manipulated independently, various cell and biomarker combinations are possible to obtain relevant information regarding the actual state of the different types of cells.
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152
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Ben Braham M, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Brizuela L, Mebarek S, Essefi I, Geringer J, Berthier Y, Hamza S. Nano/micro implant debris affect osteogenesis by chondrocytes: Comparison between ceramic and UHMWPE from hip walking simulator. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:338-349. [PMID: 34289232 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of ceramic on ceramic (BIOLOX ®delta) bearings has emerged more than 10 years ago proving a high resistance to wear and good clinical results. However, biological reactions to wear debris, particularly the nanoparticles, need to be evaluated. The first originality of this study is to start from real wear particles obtained by the hip walking simulator (CERsim). These particles were compared with particles obtained by usual methods to assess the biocompatibility of materials: press machine (CERpress). Two ranges of ceramic particles were thus observed: ceramic particles with micron (intergranular fractures) and nano sizes (intragranular fractures), and characterized compared to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The second originality of this work is to assess the cellular reaction using the primary joint chondrocyte cultures simulating the osteogenesis process and not the cell lines, which are used to simulate the biological reaction of osteolysis. The first results showed a significant difference in cell viability between the cells in contact with particles from the walking simulator and those obtained with the press machine. On the other hand, it was found that the way of extraction of the particles from the lubricant could significantly affect the biological reaction. More interestingly, nano-sized ceramic particles showed a significant impact on the secretion of functional inflammatory mediators, agreeing with recent results in vivo. These novel methods of characterizing the osteogenic impact of UHMWPE and ceramic wear debris can complement the conventional expertise method focusing previously on the osteolysis aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ben Braham
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, Villeurbanne, France.,University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, UR17ES22, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Leyre Brizuela
- University of Lyon 1, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- University of Lyon 1, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ines Essefi
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Geringer
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Center for Health and Engineering, Inserm U1059, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Yves Berthier
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samir Hamza
- University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, UR17ES22, Tunis, Tunisia
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153
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Suspension of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Impact Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070675. [PMID: 34356530 PMCID: PMC8301486 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphate (aCaP) nanoparticles may trigger the osteogenic commitment of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in vitro. The ASCs of three human donors are investigated using basal culture medium DMEM to either 5 or 50 µg/mL aCaP nanoparticles suspension (control: no nanoparticles). After 7 or 14 days, stem cell marker genes, as well as endothelial, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic genes, are analyzed by qPCR. Free calcium and phosphate ion concentrations are assessed in the cell culture supernatant. After one week and 5 µg/mL aCaP, downregulation of osteogenic markers ALP and Runx2 is found, and averaged across the three donors. Our results show that after two weeks, ALP is further downregulated, but Runx2 is upregulated. Endothelial cell marker genes, such as CD31 and CD34, are upregulated with 50 µg/mL aCaP and a 2-week exposure. Inter-donor variability is high: Two out of three donors show a significant upregulation of ALP and Runx2 at day 14 with 50 µg/mL aCaP compared to 5 µg/mL aCaP. Notably, all changes in stem cell commitment are obtained in the absence of an osteogenic medium. While the chemical composition of the culture medium and the saturation status towards calcium phosphate phases remain approximately the same for all conditions, gene expression of ASCs changes considerably. Hence, aCaP nanoparticles show the potential to trigger osteogenic and endothelial commitment in ASCs.
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154
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Kwan KKL, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, improves mitochrondial bioenergetics in osteoblast. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153605. [PMID: 34107409 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the process of bone loss, particular after menopause, when the production of estrogen in women is decreaing. Bioenergetic function is one of the critical roles in bone remodeling. Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is an herbal mixture containing Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), and which is consumed for "Qi-invigorating", i.e., stimulating energy metabolism, as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the role of DBT in metabolism of osteoblast has not been examined. Here, we employed a metabolic flux to examine the mitochondrial functions of cultured osteoblast in the presence of herbal extracts, including DBT, ASR, AR, AR + ASR (single mixing of two herbal extracts), as well as DBT∆cal (a DBT extract depeleting calycosin), to examine their roles in osteoblastic metabolism, e.g. glycolysis and energy kinetics. By revealing the rates of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification of mitochrondia, the DBT-treated osteoblasts were markedly strengthened with increases of maximal respiration, spare capacity, glycolysis capacity and glycolysis reserve, in comparing to other herbal extracts. In addition, the bioenergetic metabolism was modulated by DBT via the signaling of cellular Ca2+ and reactive oxgen species (ROS). Furthermore, DBT affected the morphology of mitochondria, as well as mitochondrial dynamic. Here, we propose that DBT can be regarded as benefit herbal extract in improving osteoblastic metabolism for bone disorders via central energy metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kin Leung Kwan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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155
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Proteomic Analysis Reveals Commonly Secreted Proteins of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Synovial Membrane to Show Potential for Cartilage Regeneration in Knee Osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6694299. [PMID: 34306096 PMCID: PMC8264516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reportedly modulate inflammation and reparative processes in damaged tissues and have been explored for knee osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. Although various studies have reported the effects of paracrine factors in knee OA, it is not yet clear which paracrine factors directly affect the regeneration of damaged cartilage and which are secreted under various knee OA conditions. In this study, we cultured MSCs derived from three types of tissues and treated each type with IL-1β and TNF-α or not to obtain conditioned medium. Each conditioned medium was used to analyse the paracrine factors related to cartilage regeneration using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bone marrow-, adipose tissue-, and synovial membrane-MSCs (all-MSCs) exhibited expression of 93 proteins under normal conditions and 105 proteins under inflammatory conditions. It was confirmed that the types of secreted proteins differed depending on the environmental conditions, and the proteins were validated using ELISA. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis using a list of proteins secreted by all-MSCs under each condition confirmed that the secreted proteins were closely related to cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions. Protein-protein interaction networks were confirmed to change depending on environmental differences and were found to enhance the secretion of paracrine factors related to cartilage regeneration under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that compared with knee OA conditions, the differential expression proteins may contribute to the regeneration of damaged cartilage. In addition, the detailed information on commonly secreted proteins by all-MSCs provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the potential of paracrine factors to influence tissue repair and regeneration in knee OA.
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156
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The Osteogenic Function of Danggui Buxue Tang, a Herbal Decoction Containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Is Optimized by Boiling the Two Herbs Together: Signaling Analyses Revealed by Systems Biology. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of a herbal mixture, being multi-target, multi-function and multi-pathway, is the niche of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Systems biology can dissect the network of signaling mechanisms in a complex biological system. In preparing TCM decoctions, the boiling of herbs together in water is a common practice; however, the rationale of this specific preparation has not been fully revealed. An approach of mass-spectrometry-based multi-omics was employed to examine the profiles of the cellular pathways, so as to understand the pharmacological efficacy of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a Chinese herbal mixture containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, in cultured rat osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. The results, generated from omics analyses, were compared from DBT-treated osteoblasts to those of treating the herbal extract by simple mixing of extracts from Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, i.e., herbal mixture without boiling together. The signaling pathways responsible for energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism showed distinct activation, as triggered by DBT, in contrast to simple mixing of two herbal extracts. The result supports that boiling the herbs together is designed to maximize the osteoblastic function of DBT, such as in energy and lipid metabolism. This harmony of TCM formulation, by having interactive functions of two herbs during preparation, is being illustrated. The systems biology approach provides new and essential insights into the synergy of herbal preparation. Well-defined multiple targets and multiple pathways in different levels of omics are the key to modernizing TCM.
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157
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Li B, Ouchi T, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Men Y. Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654559. [PMID: 34239870 PMCID: PMC8258348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be identified in mammalian teeth. Currently, dental-derived MSCs (DMSCs) has become a collective term for all the MSCs isolated from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, apical papilla, and even gingiva. These DMSCs possess similar multipotent potential as bone marrow-derived MSCs, including differentiation into cells that have the characteristics of odontoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, epithelial cells, neural cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes. Besides, DMSCs also have powerful immunomodulatory functions, which enable them to orchestrate the surrounding immune microenvironment. These properties enable DMSCs to have a promising approach in injury repair, tissue regeneration, and treatment of various diseases. This review outlines the most recent advances in DMSCs' functions and applications and enlightens how these advances are paving the path for DMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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158
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Gaitán-Salvatella I, López-Villegas EO, González-Alva P, Susate-Olmos F, Álvarez-Pérez MA. Case Report: Formation of 3D Osteoblast Spheroid Under Magnetic Levitation for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:672518. [PMID: 34235178 PMCID: PMC8255365 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.672518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal reconstruction is necessary in cases of bone defects created by tumors, trauma, and abnormalities. Regeneration of bone defects remains a critical problem, and current approaches are based on biocompatible scaffolds. Spheroids represent a simple 3D system since no supporting material is required for cell growth. Different techniques are used to generate spheroids, such as hanging drop, low-attachment plates, and magnetic nanoparticles. The idea of using magnetic nanoparticles is to cross-link through cell membrane overnight to create complex 3D cellular spheroid by using magnets to guide the cellular response. Herein, the current study aimed to achieve 3D human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) spheroid under magnetic levitation. Formation of 3D spheroid culture under magnetic levitation was evaluated by cell viability at 3, 7, and 14 days. Morphology of the 3D hFOB spheroid was analyzed by SEM and fluorescence microscopy and the differentiation towards mineralized lineage by ALP assay, qPCR, and alizarin red staining. The cell viability indicated that the 3D hFOB spheroid still viable after 14 days of culture. ALP assay, qPCR analysis expression of Col1, ALP, and Itg-β1 molecules, and calcium deposition with alizarin red showed a high level of bioactivity of the 3D hFOB spheroid. SEM images allowed the morphological analysis of the 3D microtissue-like spheroid with the presence of matrix deposition. These results indicate that magnetic levitation culture enables 3D stable osteoblast spheroids and could be a promising strategy for engineering application in the 3D construct in surgery regeneration of mineralized tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies and Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México City, Mexico
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159
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Burgess KA, Herrick AL, Watson REB. Systemic sclerosis skin is a primed microenvironment for soft tissue calcification-a hypothesis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2517-2527. [PMID: 33585894 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcinosis cutis, defined as sub-epidermal deposition of calcium salts, is a major clinical problem in patients with SSc, affecting 20-40% of patients. A number of recognized factors associated with calcinosis have been identified, including disease duration, digital ischaemia and acro-osteolysis. Yet, to date, the pathogenesis of SSc-related calcinosis remains unknown, and currently there is no effective disease-modifying pharmacotherapy. Following onset of SSc, there are marked changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin, notably a breakdown in the microfibrillar network and accumulation of type I collagen. Our hypothesis is that these pathological changes reflect a changing cellular phenotype and result in a primed microenvironment for soft tissue calcification, with SSc fibroblasts adopting a pro-osteogenic profile, and specific driving forces promoting tissue mineralization. Considering the role of the ECM in disease progression may help elucidate the mechanism(s) behind SSc-related calcinosis and inform the development of future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Burgess
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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160
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Mishra R, Das N, Varshney R, Juneja K, Sircar D, Roy P. Betel leaf extract and its major component hydroxychavicol promote osteogenesis and alleviate glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:6603-6625. [PMID: 34105538 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Piper betle leaves possess several ethnomedicinal properties and are immensely used in traditional medicinal practices in regions of Asian and African subcontinents. However, their effects in treating skeletal complications are least known. In this study, we evaluated cellular and molecular effects of betel leaf extract (BLE) and its major phytoconstituent, hydroxychavicol (HCV) in promoting osteogenesis in vitro and alleviating glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIO) in vivo. Both BLE and HCV markedly stimulated osteoblast differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells with increased expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin through the GSK-3β/β-catenin-signaling pathway. Also, oral administration of BLE and HCV in GIO rats resulted in restoration of bone mass and tissue microarchitecture. Thus, with our findings we conclude that BLE and HCV promote osteogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells via the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway and alleviate GIO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutusmita Mishra
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India.
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161
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Li X, Zhang Y, Jia L, Xing Y, Zhao B, Sui L, Liu D, Xu X. Downregulation of Prolactin-Induced Protein Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930610. [PMID: 34092782 PMCID: PMC8194291 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are promising seed cells for bone tissue engineering and periodontal regeneration applications. However, the mechanism underlying the osteogenic differentiation process remains largely unknown. Previous reports showed that prolactin-induced protein (PIP) was upregulated after PDLSCs osteogenic induction. However, few studies have reported on the function of PIP in osteogenic differentiation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PIP on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Material/Methods The expression pattern of PIP during PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation was detected and the effect of each component in the osteogenic induction medium on PIP was also tested by qRT-PCR. Then, the PIP knockdown cells were established using lentivirus. The knockdown efficiency was measured and the proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation ability were examined to determine the functional role of PIP on PDLSCs. Results QRT-PCR showed that PIP was sustainedly upregulated during the osteogenic induction process and the phenomenon was mainly caused by the stimulation of dexamethasone in the induction medium. CCK-8 and flow cytometer showed that knocking down PIP had no influence on proliferation and apoptosis of PDLSCs. ALP staining and activity, Alizarin Red staining, and western blot analysis demonstrated PIP knockdown enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs. Conclusions PIP was upregulated after osteogenic induction; however, PIP knockdown promoted PDLSCs osteogenic differentiation. PIP might be a by-product of osteogenic induction, and downregulating of PIP might be a new target in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Linglu Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yixiao Xing
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Sui
- Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Dayong Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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162
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Rezaei H, Asefnejad A, Daliri-Joupari M, Joughehdoust S. In-vitro cellular and in-vivo investigation of ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate loaded gelatin/sodium alginate injectable hydrogels for urinary incontinence treatment. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:161-171. [PMID: 34169484 PMCID: PMC8271082 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary incontinence is one of the most common disorders especially in adult women. In this study, cellular and in-vivo analyses were performed on (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and CaCl2 cross-linked alginate and gelatin hydrogels containing β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid to evaluate the regenerative potential as injectable compression agents for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The hydrogels were prepared with different percentages of components and were named as GA1 (7.2% w/v gelatin, 6% w/v sodium alginate, 0.5:1w/w GPTMS, CaCl2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate), GA2 (10% w/v gelatin, 8.5% w/v sodium alginate, 0.5:1 w/w GPTMS, CaCl2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate), and GA3 (10% (w/v) gelatin, 8.5% w/v sodium alginate, 1:1 w/w GPTMS, CaCl2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate) hydrogels. The results of cell studies showed that although all three samples supported cell adhesion and survival, the cellular behavior of the GA2 sample was better than the other samples. Animal tests were performed on the optimal GA2 sample, which showed that this hydrogel repaired the misfunction tissue in a rat model within 4 weeks and the molecular layer thickness was reached the normal tissue after this duration. It seems that these hydrogels, especially GA2 sample containing 10% (w/v) gelatin, 8.5% (w/v) sodium alginate, 0.5:1 (w/w) GPTMS, CaCl2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, and 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate, can act as an injetable hydrogel for urinary incontinence treatment without the need for repeating the injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Rezaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Asefnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh Joughehdoust
- Department of Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Geleen, The Netherlands
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163
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Wang SF, Wu YC, Cheng YC, Hu WW. The Development of Polylactic Acid/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyethylene Glycol Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111740. [PMID: 34073347 PMCID: PMC8198519 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite electrospun fibers were fabricated to develop drug loaded scaffolds to promote bone tissue regeneration. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated to polylactic acid (PLA) to strengthen electrospun nanofibers. To modulate drug release behavior, different ratios of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to composite fibers. Glass transition temperature (Tg) can be reduced by the incorporated PEG to enhance the ductility of the nanofibers. The SEM images and the MTT results demonstrated that composite fibers are suitable scaffolds for cell adhesion and proliferation. Dexamethasone (DEX), an osteogenic inducer, was loaded to PLA/MWCNT/PEG fibers. The surface element analysis performed by XPS showed that fluorine of DEX in pristine PLA fibers was much higher than those of the MWCNT-containing fibers, suggesting that the pristine PLA fibers mainly load DEX on their surfaces, whereas MWCNTs can adsorb DEX with evenly distribution in nanofibers. Drug release experiments demonstrated that the release profiles of DEX were manipulated by the ratio of PEG, and that the more PEG in the nanofibers, the faster DEX was released. When rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) were seeded on these nanofibers, the Alizarin Red S staining and calcium quantification results demonstrated that loaded DEX were released to promote osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and facilitate mineralized tissue formation. These results indicated that the DEX-loaded PLA/MWCNT/PEG nanofibers not only enhanced mechanical strength, but also promoted osteogenesis of stem cells via the continuous release of DEX. The nanofibers should be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Wang
- Department of Urology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10603, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (W.-W.H.); Tel.: +886-2-86461500 (ext. 2615) (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4227151 (ext. 34246) (W.-W.H.); Fax: +886-2-26907963 (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4252296 (W.-W.H.)
| | - Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (W.-W.H.); Tel.: +886-2-86461500 (ext. 2615) (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4227151 (ext. 34246) (W.-W.H.); Fax: +886-2-26907963 (Y.-C.C.); +886-3-4252296 (W.-W.H.)
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164
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Helmi SA, Rohani L, Zaher AR, El Hawary YM, Rancourt DE. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells via γ-Secretase Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105215. [PMID: 34069142 PMCID: PMC8156631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex, well-organized process. Multiple factors regulate this process, including growth factors, hormones, cytokines, mechanical stimulation, and aging. One of the most important signaling pathways that affect bone healing is the Notch signaling pathway. It has a significant role in controlling the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and forming new bone. Interventions to enhance the healing of critical-sized bone defects are of great importance, and stem cell transplantations are eminent candidates for treating such defects. Understanding how Notch signaling impacts pluripotent stem cell differentiation can significantly enhance osteogenesis and improve the overall healing process upon transplantation. In Rancourt’s lab, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) have been successfully differentiated to the osteogenic cell lineage. This study investigates the role of Notch signaling inhibition in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Our data showed that Notch inhibition greatly enhanced the differentiation of both mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed R. Zaher
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Youssry M. El Hawary
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
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165
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Dumortier C, Danopoulos S, Velard F, Al Alam D. Bone Cells Differentiation: How CFTR Mutations May Rule the Game of Stem Cells Commitment? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611921. [PMID: 34026749 PMCID: PMC8139249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related bone disease has emerged as a significant comorbidity of CF and is characterized by decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiations are impacted by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. The defect of CFTR chloride channel or the loss of CFTRs ability to interact with other proteins affect several signaling pathways involved in stem cell differentiation and the commitment of these cells toward bone lineages. Specifically, TGF-, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B), PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK signaling are disturbed by CFTR mutations, thus perturbing stem cell differentiation. High inflammation in patients changes myeloid lineage secretion, affecting both myeloid and mesenchymal differentiation. In osteoblast, Wnt signaling is impacted, resulting in consequences for both bone formation and resorption. Finally, CFTR could also have a direct role in osteoclasts resorptive function. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the role of CFTR mutations on the commitment of induced pluripotent stem cells to bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dumortier
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Universit de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691, Reims, France
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Frdric Velard
- Universit de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691, Reims, France
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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166
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Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. Thermosensitive Chitosan- β-Glycerophosphate Hydrogels as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview on Preparation and Their Applications. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:6640893. [PMID: 34036263 PMCID: PMC8116164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, with the advances in technology and science, more advanced drug delivery formulations are required. One of these new systems is an intelligent hydrogel. These systems are affected by the environment or conditions that become a gel, stay in the circumstance for a certain period, and slowly release the drug. As an advantage, only a lower dose of the drug is required, and it provides less toxicity and minor damage to other tissues. Hydrogels are of different types, including temperature-sensitive, pH-sensitive, ion change-sensitive, and magnetic field-sensitive. In this study, we investigated a kind of temperature-sensitive smart hydrogel, which has a liquid form at room temperature and becomes gel with increasing temperature. Chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogels have been researched and used in many studies. This study investigates the various factors that influence the gelation mechanism, such as gel formation rates, temperature, pH, time, and gel specificity. Hydrogels are used in many drug delivery systems and diseases, including nasal drug delivery, vaginal drug delivery, wound healing, peritoneal adhesion, ophthalmic drug delivery, tissue engineering, and peptide and protein delivery. Overall, the chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogel is a suitable drug carrier for a wide range of drugs. It shows little toxicity to the body, is biodegradable, and is compatible with other organs. This system can be used in different conditions and different medication ways, such as oral, nasal, and injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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167
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Della Bella E, Buetti-Dinh A, Licandro G, Ahmad P, Basoli V, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Dexamethasone Induces Changes in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells via SOX9 and PPARG, but Not RUNX2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4785. [PMID: 33946412 PMCID: PMC8124248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge body of research on osteogenic differentiation and bone tissue engineering, the translation potential of in vitro results still does not match the effort employed. One reason might be that the protocols used for in vitro research have inherent pitfalls. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is commonly used in protocols for trilineage differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs). However, in the case of osteogenic commitment, dexamethasone has the main pitfall of inhibiting terminal osteoblast differentiation, and its pro-adipogenic effect is well known. In this work, we aimed to clarify the role of dexamethasone in the osteogenesis of hBMSCs, with a particular focus on off-target differentiation. The results showed that dexamethasone does induce osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting SOX9 expression, but not directly through RUNX2 upregulation as it is commonly thought. Rather, PPARG is concomitantly and strongly upregulated, leading to the formation of adipocyte-like cells within osteogenic cultures. Limiting the exposure to dexamethasone to the first week of differentiation did not affect the mineralization potential. Gene expression levels of RUNX2, SOX9, and PPARG were simulated using approximate Bayesian computation based on a simplified theoretical model, which was able to reproduce the observed experimental trends but with a different range of responses, indicating that other factors should be integrated to fully understand how dexamethasone influences cell fate. In summary, this work provides evidence that current in vitro differentiation protocols based on dexamethasone do not represent a good model, and further research is warranted in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (P.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Laboratory of applied microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge—Batiment Genopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ginevra Licandro
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), University of Italian Switzerland (USI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland;
- University of Applied Science and Art of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Paras Ahmad
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (P.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Valentina Basoli
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (P.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (P.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Martin J. Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; (E.D.B.); (P.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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168
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Grawish ME, Saeed MA, Sultan N, Scheven BA. Therapeutic applications of dental pulp stem cells in regenerating dental, periodontal and oral-related structures. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:176-192. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have emerged as a promising tool with great potential for use in tissue regeneration and engineering. Some of the main advantages of these cells are their multifaceted differentiation capacity, along with their high proliferation rate, a relative simplicity of extraction and culture that enables obtaining patient-specific cell lines for their use in autologous cell therapy. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles related to the use of DPSCs in regeneration of dentin-pulp complex (DPC), periodontal tissues, salivary gland and craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Few studies were found regarding the use of DPSCs for regeneration of DPC. Scaffold-based combined with DPSCs isolated from healthy pulps was the strategy used for DPC regeneration. Studies involved subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds loaded with DPSCs pretreated with odontogenic media, or performed on human tooth root model as a root slice. Most of the studies were related to periodontal tissue regeneration which mainly utilized DPSCs/secretome. For periodontal tissues, DPSCs or their secretome were isolated from healthy or inflamed pulps and they were used either for preclinical or clinical studies. Regarding salivary gland regeneration, the submandibular gland was the only model used for the preclinical studies and DPSCs or their secretome were isolated only from healthy pulps and they were used in preclinical studies. Likewise, DPSCs have been studied for craniomaxillofacial bone defects in the form of mandibular, calvarial and craniofacial bone defects where DPSCs were isolated only from healthy pulps for preclinical and clinical studies. From the previous results, we can conclude that DPSCs is promising candidate for dental and oral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Grawish
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Saeed
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Nessma Sultan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ben A Scheven
- School of Dentistry, Oral Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, United Kingdom
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169
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170
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Grawish ME, Saeed MA, Sultan N, Scheven BA. Therapeutic applications of dental pulp stem cells in regenerating dental, periodontal and oral-related structures. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:175-191. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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171
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Mende W, Götzl R, Kubo Y, Pufe T, Ruhl T, Beier JP. The Role of Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration and Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050975. [PMID: 33919377 PMCID: PMC8143357 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process that is influenced by tissue interactions, inflammatory responses, and progenitor cells. Diseases, lifestyle, or multiple trauma can disturb fracture healing, which might result in prolonged healing duration or even failure. The current gold standard therapy in these cases are bone grafts. However, they are associated with several disadvantages, e.g., donor site morbidity and availability of appropriate material. Bone tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising alternative. The success of bone-tissue engineering depends on the administered cells, osteogenic differentiation, and secretome. Different stem cell types offer advantages and drawbacks in this field, while adipose-derived stem or stromal cells (ASCs) are in particular promising. They show high osteogenic potential, osteoinductive ability, and immunomodulation properties. Furthermore, they can be harvested through a noninvasive process in high numbers. ASCs can be induced into osteogenic lineage through bioactive molecules, i.e., growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, their secretome, in particular extracellular vesicles, has been linked to fracture healing. The aim of this review is a comprehensive overview of ASCs for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Mende
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Götzl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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172
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Dexamethasone-Loaded Bioactive Coatings on Medical Grade Stainless Steel Promote Osteointegration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040568. [PMID: 33923814 PMCID: PMC8073817 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a multilayer bioactive coating based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and dexamethasone (DEX) was prepared on medical-grade stainless steel (AISI 316LVM). Its aim was the controlled drug delivery of the incorporated anti‑inflammatory drug, which at the same time promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Due to DEX’s limited solubility in physiological fluids, which limits the loading capacity of coatings, it was further combined with β-cyclodextrin to increase its concentration in the bioactive coating. Controlled release of DEX from the multilayer coating was achieved in four steps: a “burst”, i.e., very fast, release step (in an immersion interval of 0–10 min), a fast release step (10–30 min), a slow-release step (60–360 min), and a plateau step (360–4320 min), following a zero-order release or Higuchi model release mechanism. Successful layer-by-layer coating formation was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It was shown that the application of the coating significantly increases the hydrophilic character of AISI 316LVM, and also significantly increases the surface roughness, which is known to promote cell growth. In addition, electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the coating application does not increase the susceptibility of medical-grade stainless steel to corrosion. In vitro cell testing using all cell types with which such coatings come into contact in the body (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)) showed very good biocompatibility towards all of the mentioned cells. It further confirmed that the coatings promoted MSCs osteogenic differentiation, which is the desired mode of action for orthopedic implants.
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173
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Kar P, Millo T, Saha S, Mahtab S, Agarwal S, Goswami R. Osteogenic Mechanisms of Basal Ganglia Calcification and its ex vivo Model in the Hypoparathyroid Milieu. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128830. [PMID: 33539507 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Basal-ganglia calcification (BGC) is common (70%) in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. Interestingly, cortical gray matter is spared from calcification. The mechanism of BGC, role of hyperphosphatemia, and modulation of osteogenic molecules by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its pathogenesis is not clear. OBJECTIVE We assessed the expression of a large repertoire of molecules with proosteogenic or antiosteogenic effects, including neuroprogenitor cells in caudate, dentate, and cortical gray matter from normal autopsy tissues. The effect of high phosphate and PTH was assessed in an ex vivo model of BGC using striatum tissue culture of the Sprague-Dawley rat. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of 39 molecules involved in multiple osteogenic pathways were assessed in 25 autopsy tissues using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The striatal culture was maintained in a hypoparathyroid milieu for 24 days with and without (a) high phosphate (10-mm β-glycerophosphate) and (b) PTH(1-34) (50 ng/mL Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-F12 media) for their effect on striatal calcification and osteogenic molecules. RESULTS Procalcification molecules (osteonectin, β-catenin, klotho, FZD4, NT5E, LRP5, WNT3A, collagen-1α, and SOX2-positive neuroprogenitor stem cells) had significantly higher expression in the caudate than gray matter. Caudate nuclei also had higher expression of antiosteogenic molecules (osteopontin, carbonic anhydrase-II [CA-II], MGP, sclerostin, ISG15, ENPP1, and USP18). In an ex vivo model, striatum culture showed an increased propensity for calcified nodules with mineral deposition similar to that of bone tissue on Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, alizarin, and von Kossa stain. Mineralization in striatal culture was enhanced by high phosphate and decreased by exogenous PTH through increased expression of CA-II. CONCLUSION This study provides a conceptual advance on the molecular mechanisms of BGC and the possibility of PTH therapy to prevent this complication in a hypoparathyroid milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tabin Millo
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Soma Saha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Samrina Mahtab
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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174
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Lim YJ, Kim KM, Jang WG. Chrysophanol increases osteoblast differentiation via AMPK/Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:515-523. [PMID: 33300218 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid; CA) is a natural anthraquinone found in Senna tora and rhubarb that has various characteristic features, including the ability to suppress adipogenesis. However, its effects on osteoblast differentiation have not been investigated. Herein, this study aimed to demonstrate the mechanism by which CA induces the osteoblast differentiation. CA increased the expression of osteogenic genes. The staining levels Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) were increased by chrysophanol. CA induced osteoblast differentiation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad1/5/9) activation in MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, compound C, AMPK inhibitor (Comp. C)-induced cells suppressed osteogenic genes expression and AMPK/Smad1/5/9 activation. Interestingly, AMPK in the CA-induced AMPK/Smad1/5/9 signalling pathway was an upstream regulator of Smad1/5/9. In order to further dissect in bone development, we used a zebrafish model to investigate the effect of CA on bone development. These results suggest that CA stimulated bone development via AMPK/Smad1/5/9. Overall, our results demonstrate that CA promotes osteoblast differentiation via AMPK/Smad1/5/9 expression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Won-Gu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
- Research Institute of Anti-Aging, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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175
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Cao Y, Jiang C, Wang X, Wang H, Yan Z, Yuan H. Reciprocal effect of microRNA-224 on osteogenesis and adipogenesis in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone 2021; 145:115844. [PMID: 33453444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Our previous miRNA microarray analysis indicated that microRNA-224-5p (miR-224-5p) could be a potential regulator; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-224-5p was upregulated in GC-treated BMSCs, and functional experiments revealed that miR-224-5p could suppress osteogenic but promote adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Smad4 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-224-5p, and the Smad4-Taz axis was confirmed as the regulatory pathway for adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Our in vivo experiments further confirmed that the miR-224-5p antagomir could alleviate the inhibitory effects of GCs and facilitate bone formation in steroid-induced ONFH models. Therefore, these findings provide insight into the function of miR-224-5p as a reciprocal regulator of the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and it could serve as a novel therapeutic target for steroid-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hengfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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176
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Jin M, Kim BS, Seo SH, Kim M, Kang YG, Shin JW, Cho KH, Shin MC, Yoon C, Min KA. Synergistic Effect of Growth Factor Releasing Polymeric Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation on Osteogenic Differentiation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040457. [PMID: 33801692 PMCID: PMC8066944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in the tissue regeneration therapy. Ex vivo therapy with well-differentiated osteogenic cells is known as an efficient treatment for musculoskeletal diseases, including rheumatoid diseases. However, along with its high cost, the current therapy has limitations in terms of restoring bone regeneration procedures. An efficient process for the cell differentiation to obtain a large number of functionalized osteogenic cells is necessary. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to develop strategies to produce sufficient numbers of well-differentiated osteogenic cells from the MSCs. In general, differentiation media with growth factors have been used to facilitate cell differentiation. In the present study, the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporating the growth factors were included in the media, resulting in releasing growth factors (dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate) in the media in the controlled manner. Stable growth and early differentiation of osteogenic cells were achieved by the PLGA-based growth factor releasing system. Moreover, low intensity pulsed ultrasound was applied to this system to induce cell differentiation process. The results revealed that, as a biomarker at early stage of osteogenic cell differentiation, Lamin A/C nuclear protein was efficiently expressed in the cells growing in the presence of PLGA-based growth factor reservoirs and ultrasound. In conclusion, our results showed that the ultrasound stimulation combined with polymeric nanoparticles releasing growth factors could potentially induce osteogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.J.); (K.H.C.)
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bo Seok Kim
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (B.S.K.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sung Ho Seo
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (B.S.K.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.K.); (Y.G.K.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.K.); (Y.G.K.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.K.); (Y.G.K.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Kwan Hyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.J.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea;
| | - Changhan Yoon
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (B.S.K.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.K.); (Y.G.K.); (J.-W.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (K.A.M.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3301 (C.Y.); +82-55-320-3459 (K.A.M.)
| | - Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Injero, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.J.); (K.H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (K.A.M.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3301 (C.Y.); +82-55-320-3459 (K.A.M.)
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177
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Photobiomodulation: An Effective Approach to Enhance Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Osteoblasts. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8843179. [PMID: 33833810 PMCID: PMC8012132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is regarded as the most common chronic metabolic bone condition in humans. In osteoporosis, bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have reduced cellular function. Regenerative medicine using adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation can promote the growth and strength of new bones, improve bone stability, and reduce the risk of fractures. Various methods have been attempted to differentiate ADSCs to functioning specialized cells for prospective clinical application. However, commonly used therapies have resulted in damage to the donor site and morbidity, immune reactions, carcinogenic generation, and postoperative difficulties. Photobiomodulation (PBM) improves ADSC differentiation and proliferation along with reducing clinical difficulties such as treatment failures to common drug therapies and late initiation of treatment. PBM is a noninvasive, nonthermal treatment that encourages cells to produce more energy and to undergo self-repair by using visible green and red and invisible near-infrared (NIR) radiation. The use of PBM for ADSC proliferation and differentiation has been widely studied with multiple outcomes observed due to laser fluence and wavelength dependence. In this article, the potential for differentiating ADSCs into osteoblasts and the various methods used, including biological induction, chemical induction, and PBM, will be addressed. Likewise, the optimal laser parameters that could improve the proliferation and differentiation of ADSC, translating into clinical success, will be commented on.
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178
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Kruithof BPT, van de Pol V, Los T, Lodder K, Gourabi BM, DeRuiter MC, Goumans MJ, Ajmone Marsan N. New calcification model for intact murine aortic valves. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:95-104. [PMID: 33744308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common progressive disease of the aortic valves, for which no medical treatment exists and surgery represents currently the only therapeutic solution. The development of novel pharmacological treatments for CAVD has been hampered by the lack of suitable test-systems, which require the preservation of the complex valve structure in a mechanically and biochemical controllable system. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a model which allows the study of calcification in intact mouse aortic valves by using the Miniature Tissue Culture System (MTCS), an ex vivo flow model for whole mouse hearts. Aortic valves of wild-type mice were cultured in the MTCS and exposed to osteogenic medium (OSM, containing ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone) or inorganic phosphates (PI). Osteogenic calcification occurred in the aortic valve leaflets that were cultured ex vivo in the presence of PI, but not of OSM. In vitro cultured mouse and human valvular interstitial cells calcified in both OSM and PI conditions, revealing in vitro-ex vivo differences. Furthermore, endochondral differentiation occurred in the aortic root of ex vivo cultured mouse hearts near the hinge of the aortic valve in both PI and OSM conditions. Dexamethasone was found to induce endochondral differentiation in the aortic root, but to inhibit calcification and the expression of osteogenic markers in the aortic leaflet, partly explaining the absence of calcification in the aortic valve cultured with OSM. The osteogenic calcifications in the aortic leaflet and the endochondral differentiation in the aortic root resemble calcifications found in human CAVD. In conclusion, we have established an ex vivo calcification model for intact wild-type murine aortic valves in which the initiation and progression of aortic valve calcification can be studied. The in vitro-ex vivo differences found in our studies underline the importance of ex vivo models to facilitate pre-clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vera van de Pol
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Los
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Lodder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Babak Mousavi Gourabi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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179
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Identification of Novel FNIN2 and FNIN3 Fibronectin-Derived Peptides That Promote Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Differentiation in Primary Cells and Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063042. [PMID: 33809794 PMCID: PMC8002551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a major rise in the demand for biotherapeutic drugs has centered on enhancing the quality and efficacy of cell culture and developing new cell culture techniques. Here, we report fibronectin (FN) derived, novel peptides fibronectin-based intergrin binding peptide (FNIN)2 (18-mer) and FNIN3 (20-mer) which promote cell adhesion proliferation, and the differentiation of primary cells and stem cells. FNIN2 and 3 were designed based on the in silico interaction studies between FN and its receptors (integrin α5β1, αvβ3, and αIIbβ3). Analysis of the proliferation of seventeen-cell types showed that the effects of FNINs depend on their concentration and the existence of expressed integrins. Significant rhodamine-labeled FNIN2 fluorescence on the membranes of HeLa, HepG2, A498, and Du145 cells confirmed physical binding. Double coating with FNIN2 or 3 after polymerized dopamine (pDa) or polymerized tannic acid (pTA) precoating increased HBEpIC cell proliferation by 30–40 percent, suggesting FNINs potently affect primary cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treated with FNINs was significantly increased in 2D/3D culture. FNINs also promoted MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The results of this study offer a new approach to the production of core materials (e.g., cell culture medium components, scaffolds) for cell culture.
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180
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Seddighian A, Ganji F, Baghaban-Eslaminejad M, Bagheri F. Electrospun PCL scaffold modified with chitosan nanoparticles for enhanced bone regeneration. Prog Biomater 2021; 10:65-76. [PMID: 33713313 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-021-00153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The encapsulation of ascorbic acid within chitosan nanoparticles (CHNs), embedded in a fibrous structure of a dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded PCL scaffold, provides a new plan for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. This electrospun PCL fibrous scaffold can release Dex, as bone differentiation initiator, and ascorbic acid, as bone differentiation enhancer, in an approximately sustained release pattern for about 2 weeks. Ascorbic acid-loaded CHNs were prepared by electrospraying a mixture of chitosan and ascorbic acid, and Dex-containing PCL fibers were prepared by electrospinning a mixture of PCL and Dex. The final PCL/chitosan bilayer scaffolds were obtained by the sequential employment of electrospinning and electrospraying methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the CHNs were successfully incorporated into the fibrous PCL matrix. The improved proliferation of hMSCs cultured on the PCL/chitosan scaffolds was also verified. Osteogenic assays showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposits. The expression of bone-specific genes also confirmed the osteogenic differentiation of cells cultured on these PCL/chitosan bilayer scaffolds. Dual-drug-loaded PCL/chitosan scaffold enhanced the osteoblast differentiation of hMSC cells and can be served as a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Seddighian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ganji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban-Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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181
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Pazarçeviren AE, Tezcaner A, Keskin D, Kolukısa ST, Sürdem S, Evis Z. Boron-doped Biphasic Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:968-980. [PMID: 32524334 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Boron-doped hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphates (BHTs) were synthesized to study boron uptake and correlate structural alterations of incremental boron addition (0 to 10 mol%). BHTs with a Ca/P ratio of 1.6 were prepared by a wet precipitation/microwave reflux method, sieved (< 70 μm) and characterized. XRD and FTIR analyses revealed that boron slightly distorted apatite crystal, increased crystallinity (95.78 ± 2.08% for 5BHT) and crystallite size (103.39 ± 23.47 nm for 5BHT) and still, boron addition did not show any further detrimental effects. Total surface area (4.05 ± 0.82 m2/g for 10BHT) and mesoporosity (23.90 ± 7.92 μL/g for 10BHT) were expanded as boron content was increased. Moreover, boron addition made grains become smaller (0.21 ± 0.06 μm for 5BHT) and ordered while hardness (10.51 ± 0.86 GPa for 10BHT) increased. Boron incorporation enhanced bioactivity with significantly highest calcium phosphate deposition and protein adsorption (135.29 ± 29.58 μg on 10BHT). In return, boron favored highest alkaline phosphatase activity (4.80 ± 0.40 MALP/ngDNA.min), intracellular calcium (23.61 ± 0.68 g/gDNA), phosphate (31.84 ± 4.68 g/gDNA), and protein (23.70 ± 3.46 g/gDNA) storage in 5BHT without cytotoxicity (128 ± 18% viability compared to pure HT). Compared to literature, it can be pointed out that we successfully employed an optimal procedure for production of BHTs and incorporated significantly higher boron content in HT (5.23 mol%). Additionally, results tended to conclude that 5BHT samples (5 mol% boron in HT) demonstrated a very high potential to be used in composite bone tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Keskin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zafer Evis
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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182
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Masuda K, Han X, Kato H, Sato H, Zhang Y, Sun X, Hirofuji Y, Yamaza H, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Modeling Genetic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052269. [PMID: 33668763 PMCID: PMC7956585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, developmentally derived from multipotent neural crest cells that form multiple facial tissues, resides within the dental pulp of human teeth. These stem cells show high proliferative capacity in vitro and are multipotent, including adipogenic, myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic potential. Teeth containing viable cells are harvested via minimally invasive procedures, based on various clinical diagnoses, but then usually discarded as medical waste, indicating the relatively low ethical considerations to reuse these cells for medical applications. Previous studies have demonstrated that stem cells derived from healthy subjects are an excellent source for cell-based medicine, tissue regeneration, and bioengineering. Furthermore, stem cells donated by patients affected by genetic disorders can serve as in vitro models of disease-specific genetic variants, indicating additional applications of these stem cells with high plasticity. This review discusses the benefits, limitations, and perspectives of patient-derived dental pulp stem cells as alternatives that may complement other excellent, yet incomplete stem cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, together with our recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (S.F.); Tel.: +81-92-642-6402 (K.M. & S.F.)
| | - Xu Han
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiao Sun
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuta Hirofuji
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haruyoshi Yamaza
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (X.H.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (S.F.); Tel.: +81-92-642-6402 (K.M. & S.F.)
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183
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Zhang Y, Fang C, Zhang S, Campbell RE, Serpe MJ. Controlled Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Dexamethasone-Loaded Light-Responsive Microgels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7051-7059. [PMID: 33528987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, show promise for bone tissue engineering and bone defect treatment. While there are a number of approaches currently available to accomplish this, e.g., utilizing biodegradable materials loaded with the synthetic glucocorticoid osteogenic inducer dexamethasone (DEX), there are still many disadvantages with the current technologies. Here, we generated light-responsive microgels that we showed are capable of loading and releasing DEX in a light-triggered fashion, with the released DEX being able to induce hMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. Specifically, light-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) (pNIPAm-co-NBMA) microgels were synthesized via free radical precipitation polymerization and their size, morphology, and chemical composition were characterized. We then went on to show that the microgels could be loaded with DEX (via what we think are hydrophobic interactions) and released upon exposure to UV light. We went on to show that the DEX released from the microgels was still capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs using an alamarBlue assay and normalized alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. We also investigated how hMSC differentiation was impacted by intermittent DEX released from UV-exposed microgels. Finally, we confirmed that the microgels themselves were not cytotoxic to hMSCs. Taken together, the DEX-loaded light-responsive microgels reported here may find a use for niche clinical applications, e.g., bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Changhao Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Shuce Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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184
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Carvalho VS, Rissino JD, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Noronha RCR. Isolation and establishment of skin-derived and mesenchymal cells from south American bat Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae). Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101507. [PMID: 33592503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models represent a crucial tool for biological research, so the establishment of new cultures is fundamental for the discovery of new therapies and the understanding of mechanisms of cell development in the most diverse animals. Here, we report the successful establishment of two new primary cell cultures derived from a South American bat (Artibeus planirostris). The establishment of a new bat culture can help in the investigation of new zoonoses since bats have been proposed as carriers of these diseases. We evaluated the chromosomal stability of cells from different passages. Primary cultures were collected from ear tissues and bone marrow of A. planirostris. Cultures were expanded, and osteogenic and adipogenic inductions were conducted for 21 days. For osteogenic differentiation, the medium was supplemented with 0.1 μM dexamethasone, 3 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 10 μM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate. For adipogenic differentiation, the medium was supplemented with 5 μM rosiglitazone, 0.4 μM insulin, 0.1 mM indomethacin, and 0.1 μM dexamethasone. After the induction period, the cells were stained with Alizarin Red to assess osteogenic differentiation and Oil Red O to assess adipogenic differentiation. We observed the appearance of lipid droplets in adipocytes and the extracellular deposition of calcium matrix by osteocytes, indicating that bone marrow-derived cells and skin-derived cells of A. planirostris could successfully differentiate into these lineages. Also, the number of chromosomes remained stable for both primary cultures during passages 2, 4, 6, and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius S Carvalho
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge D Rissino
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata C R Noronha
- Laboratório De Citogenética, Centro De Estudos Avançados Em Biodiversidade, Instituto De Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Campus Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, nº 01, Guamá, CEP 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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185
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Dynamic proteomic profiling of human periodontal ligament stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:98. [PMID: 33536073 PMCID: PMC7860046 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are ideal seed cells for periodontal regeneration. A greater understanding of the dynamic protein profiles during osteogenic differentiation contributed to the improvement of periodontal regeneration tissue engineering. Methods Tandem Mass Tag quantitative proteomics was utilized to reveal the temporal protein expression pattern during osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs on days 0, 3, 7 and 14. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were clustered and functional annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, followed by the predicted activation using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Interaction networks of redox-sensitive signalling pathways and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were conducted and the hub protein SOD2 was validated with western blotting. Results A total of 1024 DEPs were identified and clustered in 5 distinctive clusters representing dynamic tendencies. The GO enrichment results indicated that proteins with different tendencies show different functions. Pathway enrichment analysis found that OXPHOS was significantly involved, which further predicted continuous activation. Redox-sensitive signalling pathways with dynamic activation status showed associations with OXPHOS to various degrees, especially the sirtuin signalling pathway. SOD2, an important component of the sirtuin pathway, displays a persistent increase during osteogenesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020908. Conclusion This is the first in-depth dynamic proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. It demonstrated a dynamic regulatory mechanism of hPDLSC osteogenesis and might provide a new perspective for research on periodontal regeneration. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02123-6.
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186
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Jia W, Sharma D, He W, Xing Q, Zhao F. Preservation of microvascular integrity and immunomodulatory property of prevascularized human mesenchymal stem cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:207-218. [PMID: 33432700 DOI: 10.1002/term.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prevascularization is essential to ensure the viability, functionality, and successful integration of tissue-engineered three-dimensional (3D) constructs with surrounding host tissues after transplantation. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) sheet can be prevascularized by coculturing with endothelial cells (ECs), and then be further used as building blocks for engineering 3D complex tissues. In addition, predifferentiation of hMSCs into a tissue-specific lineage in vitro has been proven to promote graft engraftment and regeneration. However, it is unclear if the prevascularized hMSC sheets can still maintain their microvascular integrity as well as the immune-regulatory properties after their tissue-specific differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of differentiation cues on the microvascular structure, angiogenic factor secretion, and immunogenic responses of prevascularized hMSC sheets. The results showed that upon coculturing with ECs, hMSC sheets successfully formed microvascular network, while maintaining hMSCs' multi-lineage differentiation capability. The next step, osteogenic and adipogenic induction, damaged the preformed microvascular structures and compromised the angiogenic factor secretion ability of hMSCs. Nonetheless, this effect was mitigated by adjusting the concentration of differentiation factors. The subcutaneous transplantation in an immunocompetent rat model demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiated prevascularized hMSC sheet preserved its microvascular structure and immunomodulatory properties comparable to the undifferentiated prevascularized hMSC sheets. This study suggested that a balanced and optimal differentiation condition can effectively promote the tissue-specific predifferentiation of prevascularized hMSC sheet while maintaining its immunomodulatory and tissue integration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Qi Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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187
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Lee SY, Moon JS, Yang DW, Yoo HI, Jung JY, Kim OS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Chung HJ, Kim SH. SLPI in periodontal Ligament is not sleepy during biophysical force-induced tooth movement. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:528-540. [PMID: 33370451 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to identify a key molecule that maintains periodontal tissue homeostasis during biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BTM) by orchestrating alveolar bone (AB) remodelling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential display-PCR was performed to identify key molecules for BTM in rats. To investigate the localization and expression of the identified molecules, immunofluorescence, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed in rats and human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Functional test and micro-CT analysis were performed to examine the in vivo effects of the identified molecules on BTM. RESULTS Secretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) in the PDL was revealed as a key molecule for BTM-induced AB remodelling. SLPI was enhanced in the PDL under both compression and tension, and downregulated by an adenyl cyclases inhibitor. SLPI induced osteoblastogenic genes including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and synergistically augmented tension-induced Runx2 expression. SLPI augmented mineralization in PDL cells. SLPI induced osteoclastogenic genes including receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and synergistically augmented the compression-induced RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) expression. Finally, the in vivo SLPI application into the AB significantly augmented BTM. CONCLUSIONS SLPI or its inhibitors might serve as a biological target molecule for therapeutic interventions to modulate BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Il Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Chung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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188
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Fayed O, van Griensven M, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, Plank C, Balmayor ER. Transcript-Activated Coatings on Titanium Mediate Cellular Osteogenesis for Enhanced Osteointegration. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1121-1137. [PMID: 33492959 PMCID: PMC7927143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteointegration is one of the most important factors for implant success. Several biomolecules have been used as part of drug delivery systems to improve implant integration into the surrounding bone tissue. Chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) is a new form of therapeutic that has been used to induce bone healing. Combined with biomaterials, cmRNA can be used to develop transcript-activated matrices for local protein production with osteoinductive potential. In this study, we aimed to utilize this technology to create bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) transcript-activated coatings for titanium (Ti) implants. Therefore, different coating methodologies as well as cmRNA incorporation strategies were evaluated. Three different biocompatible biomaterials were used for the coating of Ti, namely, poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA), fibrin, and fibrinogen. cmRNA-coated Ti disks were assayed for transfection efficiency, cmRNA release, cell viability and proliferation, and osteogenic activity in vitro. We found that cmRNA release was significantly delayed in Ti surfaces previously coated with biomaterials. Consequently, the transfection efficiency was greatly improved. PDLLA coating improved the transfection efficiency in a concentration-dependent manner. Lower PDLLA concentration used for the coating of Ti resulted in higher transfection efficiency. Fibrin and fibrinogen coatings showed even higher transfection efficiencies compared to all PDLLA concentrations. In those disks, not only the expression was up to 24-fold higher but also the peak of maximal expression was delayed from 24 h to 5 days, and the duration of expression was also extended until 7 days post-transfection. For fibrin, higher transfection efficiencies were obtained in the coatings with the lowest thrombin amounts. Accordingly, fibrinogen coatings gave the best results in terms of cmRNA transfection. All biomaterial-coated Ti surfaces showed improved cell viability and proliferation, though this was more noticeable in the fibrinogen-coated disks. The latter was also the only coating to support significant amounts of BMP2 produced by C2C12 cells in vitro. Osteogenesis was confirmed using BMP2 cmRNA fibrinogen-coated Ti disks, and it was dependent of the cmRNA amount present. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of C2C12 increased when using fibrinogen coatings containing 250 ng of cmRNA or more. Similarly, mineralization was also observed that increased with increasing cmRNA concentration. Overall, our results support fibrinogen as an optimal material to deliver cmRNA from titanium-coated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Fayed
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology-Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Ethris GmbH, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- cBITE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology-Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Ethris GmbH, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- IBE, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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189
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Tavares MT, Gaspar VM, Monteiro MV, Farinha JPS, Baleizao C, Mano J. GelMA/bioactive silica nanocomposite bioinks for stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33455952 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdc86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging 3D bioprinting for processing stem cell-laden biomaterials has unlocked a tremendous potential for fabricating living 3D constructs for bone tissue engineering. Even though several bioinks developed to date display suitable physicochemical properties for stem cell seeding and proliferation, they generally lack the nanosized minerals present in native bone bioarchitecture. To enable the bottom-up fabrication of biomimetic 3D constructs for bioinstructing stem cells pro-osteogenic differentiation, herein we developed multi-bioactive nanocomposite bioinks that combine the organic and inorganic building blocks of bone. For the organic component gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), a photocrosslinkable denaturated collagen derivative used for 3D bioprinting was selected due to its rheological properties display of cell adhesion moities to which bone tissue precursors such as human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can attach to. The inorganic building block was formulated by incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with calcium, phosphate and dexamethasone (MSNCaPDex), which previously proven to induce osteogenic differentiation. The newly formulated photocrosslinkable nanocomposite GelMA bioink incorporating MSNCaPDex nanoparticles and laden with hBM-MSCs was sucessfully processed into a 3D bioprintable construct with structural fidelity and well dispersed nanoparticles throughout the hydrogel matrix. These nanocomposite constructs could induce the deposition of apatite in vitro, thus showing attractive bioactivity properties. Viability and differentiation studies showed that hBM-MSCs remained viable and exhibited osteogenic differentiation biomarkers when incorporated in GelMA/MSNCaPDex constructs and without requiring further biochemical nor mechanical stimuli. Overall, our nanocomposite bioink has demonstrated excellent processability via extrusion bioprinting into osteogenic constructs with potential application in bone tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia T Tavares
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Complexo Interdisciplinar Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1049-001, PORTUGAL
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Quimica, Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal, 3810-193, PORTUGAL
| | - Maria V Monteiro
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Quimica, Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos Campus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro, Portugal, Aveiro, Portugal, 3810-193, PORTUGAL
| | - José Paulo S Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior Técnico, Complexo Interdisciplinar Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, Lisboa, 1049-001, PORTUGAL
| | - Carlos Baleizao
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Lisboa, Complexo Interdisciplinar Instituto Superior Técnico Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, 1049-001, PORTUGAL
| | - João Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Quimica, CICECO - Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal, 3810-193, PORTUGAL
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190
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Vasilyev AV, Kuznetsova VS, Bukharova TB, Grigoriev TE, Zagoskin YD, Nedorubova IA, Babichenko II, Chvalun SN, Goldstein DV, Kulakov AA. Influence of the Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan and BMP-2 Concentration on Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Properties of BMP-2/PLA Granule-Loaded Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Hydrogels. Molecules 2021; 26:E261. [PMID: 33430198 PMCID: PMC7825646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositions based on chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogels with highly porous polylactide granules can be used to obtain moldable bone graft materials that have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. To eliminate the influence of such characteristics as chain length, degree of purification, and molecular weight on a designed material, the one-stock chitosan sample was reacetylated to degrees of deacetylation (DD%) of 19.5, 39, 49, 55, and 56. A study of the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel with chitosan of a reduced DD% showed that a low degree of deacetylation increased the MSCs (multipotent stromal cells) viability rate in vitro and reduced the leukocyte infiltration in subcutaneous implantation to Wistar rats in vivo. The addition of 12 wt% polylactide granules resulted in optimal composite mechanical and moldable properties, and increased the modulus of elasticity of the hydrogel-based material by approximately 100 times. Excessive filling of the material with PLA (polylactide) granules (more than 20%) led to material destruction at a ~10% strain. Osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the chitosan hydrogel-based material with reacetylated chitosan (39 DD%) and highly porous polylactide granules impregnated with BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) have been demonstrated in models of orthotopic and ectopic bone formation. When implanted into a critical-size calvarial defect in rats, the optimal concentration of BMP-2 was 10 μg/mL: bone tissue areas filled the entire material's thickness. Implantation of the material with 50 μg/mL BMP-2 was accompanied with excessive growth of bone tissue and material displacement beyond the defect. Significant osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the material with 10 μg/mL of BMP-2 were also shown in subcutaneous implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vyacheslavovich Vasilyev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya Sergeevna Kuznetsova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Borisovna Bukharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timofei Evgenevich Grigoriev
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Dmitrievich Zagoskin
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Irina Alekseevna Nedorubova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Ivanovich Babichenko
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Nicolaevich Chvalun
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Dmitry Vadimovich Goldstein
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Alekseevich Kulakov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
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191
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Sabino RM, Mondini G, Kipper MJ, Martins AF, Popat KC. Tanfloc/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers improve osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells on titania nanotube surfaces. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117079. [PMID: 33142622 PMCID: PMC7717535 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a surface modification strategy using natural biopolymers on titanium is proposed to improve bone healing and promote rapid and successful osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Titania nanotubes were fabricated via an anodization process and the surfaces were further modified with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) based on Tanfloc (a cationic tannin derivative) and glycosaminoglycans (heparin and hyaluronic acid). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surfaces. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded on the surfaces, and the cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation were investigated. Osteogenesis was induced and osteogenic differentiation of human ADSCs on the surfaces was evaluated via mineralization and protein expression assays, immunofluorescent staining, and SEM. The Tanfloc/heparin PEMs on titania nanotubes improved the rate of osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs as well as the bone mineral deposition, and is therefore a promising approach for use in orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, USA
| | - Gabriela Mondini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, USA.
| | - Alessandro F Martins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, USA; Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules and Composites, Federal University of Technology, Brazil; Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Chemical Department, State University of Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, USA.
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192
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Schwarz T, Hansmann J, Mustafa K. Induction of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on 3D polyester-based scaffolds solely by subphysiological fluidic stimulation in a laminar flow bioreactor. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211019375. [PMID: 34262684 PMCID: PMC8243246 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211019375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) is closely associated with mechano-environmental factors in addition to biochemical clues. The aim of this study was to induce osteogenesis in the absence of chemical stimuli using a custom-designed laminar flow bioreactor. BMSC were seeded onto synthetic microporous scaffolds and subjected to the subphysiological level of fluid flow for up to 21 days. During the perfusion, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. There were also morphological changes, with F-actin polymerisation and upregulation of ROCK1. Notably, in BMSC subjected to flow, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers was significantly upregulated and RUNX2 was localised in the nuclei. Further, under perfusion, there was greater deposition of collagen type 1 and calcium onto the scaffolds. The results confirm that an appropriate level of fluid stimuli preconditions BMSC towards the osteoblastic lineage on 3D scaffolds in the absence of chemical stimulation, which highlights the utility of flow bioreactors in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering,
University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
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193
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Fu R, Liu C, Yan Y, Li Q, Huang RL. Bone defect reconstruction via endochondral ossification: A developmental engineering strategy. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211004211. [PMID: 33868628 PMCID: PMC8020769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies induce direct bone-like matrix formation by mimicking the embryological process of intramembranous ossification. However, the clinical translation of these clinical strategies for bone repair is hampered by limited vascularization and poor bone regeneration after implantation in vivo. An alternative strategy for overcoming these drawbacks is engineering cartilaginous constructs by recapitulating the embryonic processes of endochondral ossification (ECO); these constructs have shown a unique ability to survive under hypoxic conditions as well as induce neovascularization and ossification. Such developmentally engineered constructs can act as transient biomimetic templates to facilitate bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This review introduces the concept and mechanism of developmental BTE, explores the routes of endochondral bone graft engineering, highlights the current state of the art in large bone defect reconstruction via ECO-based strategies, and offers perspectives on the challenges and future directions of translating current knowledge from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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194
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Lee JH, Baek SM, Lee G, Kim SJ, Kim HS, Hahn SK. Biocompatible Magnesium Implant Double-Coated with Dexamethasone-Loaded Black Phosphorus and Poly(lactide- co-glycolide). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8879-8889. [PMID: 35019564 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have presented a paradigm for biodegradability in the field of biomedical devices. However, biodegradation of Mg and its alloys cause the formation of hydrogen gas and basic molecules in the body. Here we developed a surface modification method for Mg implants by double-coating with osteogenic dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded black phosphorus (BP) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). According to electrochemical and biodegradation tests, the prepared Mg-Dex/BP/PLGA showed remarkably enhanced resistance against corrosion possibly by the neutralization of basic molecules from Mg implants with acidic molecules from BP and PLGA with increasing biodegradation. Scanning electron microscopy, cell proliferation tests, Alizarin Red staining, and alkaline phosphatase activity tests confirmed that MC3T3-E1 cells significantly proliferated and were differentiated on the Mg-Dex/BP/PLGA surface. Taken together, the facile surface modification of Mg implants could be effectively harnessed for protecting the Mg surface from corrosion and inducing the osseointegration of preosteoblasts onto the Mg implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Seung Mi Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Gibum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Seong-Jong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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195
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Zhang B, Huo S, Cen X, Pan X, Huang X, Zhao Z. circAKT3 positively regulates osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stromal cells via miR-206/CX43 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 33298186 PMCID: PMC7726914 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) are promising sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of circAKT3 during osteogenesis of hDPSCs and the underlying mechanisms of its function. Methods We performed circRNA sequencing to investigate the expression profiles of circular RNAs during osteogenesis of hDPSCs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression pattern of circAKT3 and miR-206 in hDPSCs during osteogenesis. We knocked down circAKT3 and interfered the expression of miR-206 to verify their regulatory role in hDPSC osteogenesis. We detected hDPSCs mineralization by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and used dual-luciferase reporter assay to validate the direct binding between circAKT3 and miR-206. To investigate in vivo mineralization, we performed subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice and used hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results Totally, 86 circRNAs were differentially expressed during hDPSC osteogenesis, in which 29 were downregulated while 57 were upregulated. circAKT3 was upregulated while miR-206 was downregulated during hDPSC osteogenesis. Knockdown of circAKT3 inhibited ALP/ARS staining and expression levels of osteogenic genes. circAKT3 directly interacted with miR-206, and the latter one suppressed osteogenesis of hDPSCs. Silencing miR-206 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of circAKT3 knockdown on osteogenesis. Connexin 43 (CX43), which positively regulates osteogenesis of stem cells, was predicted as a target of miR-206, and overexpression or knockdown of miR-206 could correspondingly decrease and increase the expression of CX43. In vivo study showed knockdown of circAKT3 suppressed the formation of mineralized nodules and expression of osteogenic proteins. Conclusion During osteogenesis of hDPSCs, circAKT3 could function as a positive regulator by directly sponging miR-206 and arresting the inhibitive effect of miR-206 on CX43 expression. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02058-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibei Huo
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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196
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Dorcemus DL, Kim HS, Nukavarapu SP. Gradient scaffold with spatial growth factor profile for osteochondral interface engineering. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33291092 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abd1ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) matrix design poses a significant engineering challenge due to the complexity involved with bone-cartilage interfaces. To better facilitate the regeneration of OC tissue, we developed and evaluated a biodegradable matrix with uniquely arranged bone and cartilage supporting phases: a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) template structure with a porosity gradient along its longitudinal axis uniquely integrated with hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Micro-CT scanning and imaging confirmed the formation of an inverse gradient matrix. Hydroxyapatite was added to the PLGA template which was then plasma-treated to increase hydrophilicity and growth factor affinity. An osteogenic growth factor (bone morphogenetic protein 2; BMP-2) was loaded onto the template scaffold via adsorption, while a chondrogenic growth factor (transforming growth factor beta 1; TGF-β1) was incorporated into the hydrogel phase. Confocal microscopy of the growth factor loaded matrix confirmed the spatial distribution of the two growth factors, with chondrogenic factor confined to the cartilaginous portion and osteogenic factor present throughout the scaffold. We observed spatial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into cartilage and bone cells in the scaffolds in vitro: cartilaginous regions were marked by increased glycosaminoglycan production, and osteogenesis was seen throughout the graft by alizarin red staining. In a dose-dependent study of BMP-2, hMSC pellet cultures with TGF-β1 and BMP-2 showed synergistic effects on chondrogenesis. These results indicate that development of an inverse gradient matrix can spatially distribute two different growth factors to facilitate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis along different portions of a scaffold, which are key steps needed for formation of an osteochondral interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Leonie Dorcemus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
| | - Syam Prasad Nukavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, UNITED STATES
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197
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Perczel-Kovách K, Hegedűs O, Földes A, Sangngoen T, Kálló K, Steward MC, Varga G, Nagy KS. STRO-1 positive cell expansion during osteogenic differentiation: A comparative study of three mesenchymal stem cell types of dental origin. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104995. [PMID: 33278647 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of dental origin is well established, the roles of different marker proteins in this process remain to be clarified. Our aim was to compare the cellular and molecular changes, focusing in particular on mesenchymal stem cell markers, during in vitro osteogenesis in three dental stem cell types: dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DESIGN Human DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs were isolated, cultured and their osteogenic differentiation was induced for 3 weeks. Mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining and calcium concentration measurements. The expression of mesenchymal and osteogenic markers was studied by immunocytochemistry and qPCR techniques. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the frequency of STRO-1 positive cells were also quantified. RESULTS The three cultures all showed abundant mineralization, with high calcium content by day 21. The expression of vimentin and nestin was sustained after osteogenic induction. The osteogenic medium induced a considerable elevation of STRO-1 positive cells. By day 7, the ALP mRNA level had increased more than 100-fold in DFSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs. Quantitative PCR results indicated dissimilarities of osteoblastic marker levels in the three dental stem cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS DFSCs, PDLSCs and DPSCs have similar functional osteogenic differentiation capacities although their expressional profiles of key osteogenic markers show considerable variations. The STRO-1 positive cell fraction expands during osteogenic differentiation while vimentin and nestin expression remain high. For identification of stemness, functional studies rather than marker expressions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Perczel-Kovách
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Hegedűs
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Thanyaporn Sangngoen
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Karola Kálló
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin C Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4. H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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198
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Zhang Q, Zuo H, Yu S, Lin Y, Chen S, Liu H, Chen Z. RUNX2 co-operates with EGR1 to regulate osteogenic differentiation through Htra1 enhancers. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8601-8612. [PMID: 32324256 PMCID: PMC8895429 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) has been shown to regulate osteoblast differentiation by directly or indirectly regulating numerous osteoblast-related genes. However, our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms of RUNX2 is mainly restricted to its transactivation, while the mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect during osteoblast differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we incorporated the anti-RUNX2 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing in MC3T3-E1 cells and RNA-sequencing of parietal bone from Runx2 heterozygous mutant mice, to identify the putative genes negatively regulated by RUNX2. We identified HtrA serine peptidase 1 (Htra1) as a target gene and found ten candidate Htra1 enhancers potentially regulated by RUNX2, among which seven were verified by dual-luciferase assays. Furthermore, we investigated the motifs in the vicinity of RUNX2-binding sites and identified early growth response 1 (EGR1) as a potential partner transcription factor (TF) potentially regulating Htra1 expression, which was subsequently confirmed by Re-ChIP assays. RUNX2 and EGR1 co-repressed Htra1 and increased the expression levels of other osteoblast marker genes, such as osterix, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin at the messenger RNA and protein level. Moreover, Alizarin red staining combined with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining showed decreased calcified nodules and ALP activity in the siRUNX2+siEGR1 group compared with siRUNX2 group. Our findings revealed the detailed mechanism of the inhibitory function of RUNX2 towards its downstream genes, along with its partner TFs, to promote osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaitong Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) Induce Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110370. [PMID: 33143015 PMCID: PMC7693660 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process regulated by several factors that control overlapping biological processes, coordinating interactions among distinct cell populations. There is a great interest in identifying new strategies for inducing osteogenesis in a safe and efficient manner. Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) is an autologous blood derived product obtained by centrifugation of venous blood following the procedure set on the Silfradent device. In this study the effects of CGF on osteogenic differentiation of human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (hBMSC) in vitro have been investigated; hBMSC were cultured with CGF or osteogenic medium, for 21 days. The osteogenic differentiation was evaluated measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, matrix mineralization by alizarin red staining and through mRNA and protein quantification of osteogenic differentiation markers by Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The treatment with CGF stimulated ALP activity and promoted matrix mineralization compared to control and seems to be more effective than osteogenic medium. Also, hBMSC lost mesenchymal markers and showed other osteogenic features. Our study showed for the first time that CGF alone is able to induce osteogenic differentiation in hBMSC. The application of CGF on hBMSC osteoinduction might offer new clinical and biotechnological strategies in the tissue regeneration field.
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de Melo Pereira D, Eischen-Loges M, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P. Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs on Biomineralized Collagen. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554565. [PMID: 33195119 PMCID: PMC7644787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralized collagen with intrafibrillar calcium phosphate mineral provides an excellent mimic of the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix of bone, from nano- to micro-scale. Scaffolds prepared from this material have the potential to become the next-generation of synthetic bone graft substitutes, as their unique properties make them closer to the native tissue than synthetic alternatives currently available to clinicians. To understand the interaction between biomineralized collagen and cells that are relevant in the context of bone regeneration, we studied the growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) cultured on biomineralized collagen membranes, and compared it to the cell behavior on collagen membranes without mineral. Cells proliferated normally on both biomimetic membranes, and were more triggered to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage by the biomineralized collagen. This was shown by the elevated mRNA levels of RUNX2, SPP1, ENPP1, and OCN after 3 days of culture, and COL1A1 after 14 days of culture on mineralized collagen. The mRNA levels of the tested markers of osteogenesis were lower on collagen membranes without mineral, with the exception of OCN, which was more highly expressed on collagen than on biomineralized collagen membranes. Expression by hMSCs of OPG, a gene involved in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, was higher on biomineralized collagen at day 3, while M-CSF, involved in osteoblast-osteoclast communication, was upregulated on both membranes at day 3 and 14 of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity of hMSCs was high on both biomimetic membranes when compared with cells cultured on tissue culture plastic. Cell-induced mineralization was observed on collagen membranes, while the high mineral content of the biomineralized membranes prohibited a reliable analysis of cell-induced mineralization on these membranes. In conclusion, we have identified that both collagen and biomineralized collagen support proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hMSCs, with biomineralized membranes having a more pronounced positive effect. These findings support the existing evidence that biomineralized collagen is a promising material in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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