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Maretti E, Leo E, Rustichelli C, Truzzi E, Siligardi C, Iannuccelli V. In vivo β-carotene skin permeation modulated by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120322. [PMID: 33549810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) were investigated with the purpose of promoting skin permeation of the highly lipophilic β-carotene (BC) across the stratum corneum (SC) barrier so that it may perform its antioxidant properties in photo-aging and epithelial skin cancer prevention. Two differently sized NLC samples were developed using stearic acid and squalene as lipid matrix and evaluated in comparison with Microstructured Lipid Carriers (MLC). The carriers were characterized for morphology, size, Z-potential, BC loading and release as well as physical state by means of DSC and XRPD analyses. In vivo penetration of the carriers was assessed on humans by determining BC concentrations within the SC stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum layers removed by means of the tape stripping test in comparison with pure BC. Unlike MLC and pure BC that were mostly retained within the outermost layers of the SC, the NLC sample having the smallest size (about 200 nm) has proved to penetrate more deeply into the SC barrier. Accordingly, the goal of providing β-carotene actions against oxidative damages within the looser skin viable tissues could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Rustichelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iannuccelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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152
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Mohyeldin SM, Samy WM, Ragab D, Abdelmonsif DA, Aly RG, Elgindy NA. Precisely Fabricated Sulpiride-Loaded Nanolipospheres with Ameliorated Oral Bioavailability and Antidepressant Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2013-2044. [PMID: 33727812 PMCID: PMC7955741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulpiride (SUL), is a selective antidopaminergic drug that had extensive biological activities. However, its sparingly aqueous solubility and limited gastrointestinal permeability lead to scanty oral bioavailability which hinders its clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE SUL-loaded lipospheres (SUL-LPS) were designed to serve as an oral biocompatible nanovector for improving SUL permeability as well as conquering its low oral absorption and then in turn enhancing its antidepressant action. METHODS SUL-LPS were fabricated via two processing techniques namely, melt emulsification and solvent evaporation. The impact of different lipid cores, phospholipid shells together with various surfactant concentrations and types on the lipospheres properties were screened. Detailed physicochemical elucidations were performed followed by ex vivo permeation appraisal using the non-everted intestine model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of SUL-LPS, free SUL and marketed product were assessed following oral administration to healthy rats. Reserpine-induced depression rat model was used to assess the antidepressant action of SUL-LPS on which full behavioural and biochemical analysis was conducted. Safety attributes of nanoencapsulated SUL on the brain and other internal organs were evaluated. RESULTS The optimum LPS revealed an excellent nanosize with a narrow PdI, negative zeta potential and acceptable entrapment efficiency of 68.62 nm, 0.242, -30.4 mV and 84.12%, respectively. SUL-LPS showed a sustained release pattern and 2.1-fold enhancement in the intestinal permeation parameters with low mucin interaction. Oral pharmacokinetic appraisal exhibited that LPS provided 3.4-fold improvement in SUL oral bioavailability together with long-circulating properties, relative to the free drug. Pharmacodynamic study confirmed the superior antidepressant action of SUL-LPS as evident by 1.6 and 1.25-fold elevation in the serotonin and dopamine expressions, respectively. Meanwhile, nanotoxicological appraisal proved the biocompatibility of SUL-LPS upon repetitive oral administration. CONCLUSION Rationally designed lipospheres hold promising in vitro and in vivo characteristics for efficient delivery of SUL with high oral bioavailability, antidepressant activity together with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Mohyeldin
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael M Samy
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ragab
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nazik A Elgindy
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
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153
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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154
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Alqahtani MS, Kazi M, Alsenaidy MA, Ahmad MZ. Advances in Oral Drug Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618411. [PMID: 33679401 PMCID: PMC7933596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral route is the most common route for drug administration. It is the most preferred route, due to its advantages, such as non-invasiveness, patient compliance and convenience of drug administration. Various factors govern oral drug absorption including drug solubility, mucosal permeability, and stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Attempts to overcome these factors have focused on understanding the physicochemical, biochemical, metabolic and biological barriers which limit the overall drug bioavailability. Different pharmaceutical technologies and drug delivery systems including nanocarriers, micelles, cyclodextrins and lipid-based carriers have been explored to enhance oral drug absorption. To this end, this review will discuss the physiological, and pharmaceutical barriers influencing drug bioavailability for the oral route of administration, as well as the conventional and novel drug delivery strategies. The challenges and development aspects of pediatric formulations will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Z. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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155
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Majumder J, Minko T. Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Respiratory Diseases: Cancer, Fibrosis, and Coronavirus. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000203. [PMID: 33173809 PMCID: PMC7646027 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic delivery of therapeutics for treatment of lung diseases has several limitations including poor organ distribution of delivered payload with relatively low accumulation of active substances in the lungs and severe adverse side effects. In contrast, nanocarrier based therapeutics provide a broad range of opportunities due to their ability to encapsulate substances with different aqueous solubility, transport distinct types of cargo, target therapeutics specifically to the deceased organ, cell, or cellular organelle limiting adverse side effects and increasing the efficacy of therapy. Moreover, many nanotherapeutics can be delivered by inhalation locally to the lungs avoiding systemic circulation. In addition, nanoscale based delivery systems can be multifunctional, simultaneously carrying out several tasks including diagnostics, treatment and suppression of cellular resistance to the treatment. Nanoscale delivery systems improve the clinical efficacy of conventional therapeutics allowing new approaches for the treatment of respiratory diseases which are difficult to treat or possess intrinsic or acquired resistance to treatment. The present review summarizes recent advances in the development of nanocarrier based therapeutics for local and targeted delivery of drugs, nucleic acids and imaging agents for diagnostics and treatment of various diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Majumder
- Department of PharmaceuticsErnest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of PharmaceuticsErnest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
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156
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Ahmed TA, Alzahrani MM, Sirwi A, Alhakamy NA. The Antifungal and Ocular Permeation of Ketoconazole from Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Trans-Ethosomes Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:151. [PMID: 33498849 PMCID: PMC7912274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole (KET), a synthetic imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight, which might hamper its corneal permeation. The aim was to develop an ophthalmic formulation loaded with optimized trans-ethosomal vesicles to enhance KET ocular permeation, antifungal activity, rapid drug drainage, and short elimination half-life. Four formulation factors affecting the vesicles' size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and flexibility of the trans-ethosomes formulations were optimized. The optimum formulation was characterized, and their morphological and antifungal activity were studied. Different ophthalmic formulations loaded with the optimized vesicles were prepared and characterized. The ocular irritation and in vivo corneal permeation were investigated. Results revealed that the drug-to-phospholipid-molar ratio, the percentage of edge activator, the percentage of ethanol, and the percentage of stearyl amine significantly affect the characteristics of the vesicles. The optimized vesicles were spherical and showed an average size of 151.34 ± 8.73 nm, a zeta potential value of +34.82 ± 2.64 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 94.97 ± 5.41%, and flexibility of 95.44 ± 4.33%. The antifungal activity of KET was significantly improved following treatment with the optimized vesicles. The developed in situ gel formulations were found to be nonirritating to the cornea. The trans-ethosomes vesicles were able to penetrate deeper into the posterior eye segment without any toxic effects. Accordingly, the in situ developed gel formulation loaded with KET trans-ethosomes vesicles represents a promising ocular delivery system for the treatment of deep fungal eye infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Maram M. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
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157
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Mahant S, Rao R, Souto EB, Nanda S. Analytical tools and evaluation strategies for nanostructured lipid carrier-based topical delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 17:963-992. [PMID: 32441158 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1772750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inception of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) proved to be a revolutionary step toward the treatment of dermatological disorders. To uncover its true potential, it is imperative that the system be characterized and evaluated comprehensively. AREAS COVERED The present review has been written to furnish an in-depth account of analytical tools and evaluation procedures under one roof. Besides discussing the challenges of topical delivery and benefits of NLCs, the paper elaborates on their physicochemical characterization. Further, in vitro evaluation of NLCs for dermatological benefits, followed by their evaluation in a hydrogel/cream base is covered. Lastly, disease-specific evaluation of NLC-based formulations is presented. EXPERT OPINION The research endeavors for NLCs have largely focused on the fabrication of NLCs for different bioactives. However, scientific efforts should be aimed toward the lesser explored realm of NLCs, i.e. exploitation of analytical techniques, such as Parelectric spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. NLCs have been proven for their potential to foster the therapeutic modalities applicable to cutaneous disorders. More attention needs to be devoted to their evaluation for disease-specific parameters. The futuristic steps must involve clinical studies, to lay the path for their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Haryana, India
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak, Haryana, India
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158
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Fathordoobady F, Sannikova N, Guo Y, Singh A, Kitts DD, Pratap-Singh A. Comparing microfluidics and ultrasonication as formulation methods for developing hempseed oil nanoemulsions for oral delivery applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:72. [PMID: 33420136 PMCID: PMC7794282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging formulation technologies aimed to produce nanoemulsions with improved characteristics, such as stability are attractive endeavors; however, comparisons between competing technologies are lacking. In this study, two formulation techniques that employed ultrasound and microfluidic approaches, respectively, were examined for relative capacity to produce serviceable oil in water nanoemulsions, based on hempseed oil (HSO). The ultrasound method reached > 99.5% entrapment efficiency with nanoemulsions that had an average droplet size (Z-Ave) < 180 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.15 ± 0.04. Surfactant concentration (% w/v) was found to be a significant factor (p < 0.05) controlling the Z-Ave, PDI and zeta potential of these nanoparticles. On the other hand, the microfluidic approach produced smaller particles compared to ultrasonication, with good stability observed during storage at room temperature. The Z-Ave of < 62.0 nm was achieved for microfluidic nanoemulsions by adjusting the aqueous : organic flow rate ratio and total flow rate at 4:1 and 12 mL/min, respectively. Further analyses including a morphology examination, a simulated gastrointestinal release behavior study, transepithelial transport evaluations and a toxicity test, using a Caco2-cell model, were performed to assess the functionality of the prepared formulations. The results of this study conclude that both approaches of ultrasound and microfluidics have the capability to prepare an HSO-nanoemulsion formulation, with acceptable characteristics and stability for oral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Fathordoobady
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Yigong Guo
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anika Singh
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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159
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Basso J, Mendes M, Silva J, Cova T, Luque-Michel E, Jorge AF, Grijalvo S, Gonçalves L, Eritja R, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Almeida AJ, Pais A, Vitorino C. Sorting hidden patterns in nanoparticle performance for glioblastoma using machine learning algorithms. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120095. [PMID: 33220382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic compounds have been described to readily penetrate cell membranes. Assigning positive charge to nanosystems, e.g. lipid nanoparticles, has been identified as a key feature to promote electrostatic binding and design ligand-based constructs for tumour targeting. However, their intrinsic high cytotoxicity has hampered their biomedical application. This paper seeks to establish which cationic compounds and properties are compelling for interface modulation, in order to improve the design of tumour targeted nanoparticles against glioblastoma. How can intrinsic features (e.g. nature, structure, conformation) shape efficacy outcomes? In the quest for safer alternative cationic compounds, we evaluate the effects of two novel glycerol-based lipids, GLY1 and GLY2, on the architecture and performance of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). These two molecules, composed of two alkylated chains and a glycerol backbone, differ only in their polar head and proved to be efficient in reversing the zeta potential of the nanosystems to positive values. The use of unsupervised and supervised machine learning (ML) techniques unraveled their structural similarities: in spite of their common backbone, GLY1 exhibited a better performance in increasing zeta potential and cytotoxicity, while decreasing particle size. Furthermore, NLCs containing GLY1 showed a favorable hemocompatible profile, as well as an improved uptake by tumour cells. Summing-up, GLY1 circumvents the intrinsic cytotoxicity of a common surfactant, CTAB, is effective at increasing glioblastoma uptake, and exhibits encouraging anticancer activity. Moreover, the use of ML is strongly incited for formulation design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Basso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cova
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edurne Luque-Michel
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreia F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - António José Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, Pólo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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160
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Chaudhari VS, Murty US, Banerjee S. Nanostructured lipid carriers as a strategy for encapsulation of active plant constituents: Formulation and in vitro physicochemical characterizations. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105037. [PMID: 33400968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Active plant constituents obtained from edible sources have manifested their pharmacological potential as a therapy against several diseases. But the lack of their desired physicochemical properties such as solubility, permeability ultimately leads to poor bioavailability. Two potent active plant constituents namely, quercetin and piperine having a problem with either solubility or permeability or both, and hence require an advanced lipid-mediated separate formulation system to improve their aforementioned concerns. Concerning advancement in nanoformulations, lipid-based nano-carriers systems have created their mark as a novel drug delivery system. Therefore, an advanced formulation like nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) has been formulated individually for both the active plant constituents/drugs through the solvent evaporation technique using high shear homogenization method followed by sonication. Compritol® 888 ATO, a solid lipid, and squalene as liquid lipid was used in their optimized ratios to formulate individual NLCs. Blank and individual drugs loaded NLCs were further characterized for their in vitro physicochemical properties. NLCs showed a negative surface charge with an average particle size below 200 nm. Electron microscopy images showed an anomalous structure of both the formulated NLCs with higher % drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) with the desired in vitro drug release profile. In the case of quercetin-NLCs, 93.18 ± 5.5 % DEE was observed followed by drug release up to 45.0 ± 1.3 % within 12 h, while piperine-NLCs showed 91.80 ± 2.51 % DEE and drug release up to 38 ± 5.2 % at the same time. XRD and DSC plots showed the conversion of both the drugs into an amorphous structure encapsulated in a lyophilized NLCs matrix. Finally, the safety profile for formulated NLCs was confirmed by haemolysis assay. Hence, the developed active plant constituents enriched NLCs can further be delivered separately and/or in combination, and also may further be evaluated both in vitro and in vivo means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharad Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | | | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, India.
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161
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Basha SK, Dhandayuthabani R, Muzammil MS, Kumari VS. Solid lipid nanoparticles for oral drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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162
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Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have gained much interest as carriers of drugs with poor oral bioavailability because of their remarkable advantages like low toxicity, affordable scale-up manufacture, strong biocompatibility or high drug loading efficiency. The potential of these nanocarriers lies in their ability to improve the gastrointestinal stability, solubility and permeability of their cargo drugs. However, achieving efficient oral drug delivery through lipid-based nanocarriers is a challenging task, since they encounter multiple physicochemical barriers along the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. the gastric acidic content, the intestinal mucus layer or the enzymatic degradation, that they must surmount to reach their target. These limitations may be turned into opportunities through a rational design of lipid-based nanocarriers. For that purpose, this review focuses on the main challenges of the oral route indicating the strategies undertaken for lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them. Understanding their shortcomings and identifying their strengths will determine the future clinical success of lipid-based nanocarriers.
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163
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Tirumalesh C, Suram D, Dudhipala N, Banala N. Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Activity of Zotepine via Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System in Wistar Rats for Oral Application. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:148-160. [PMID: 32096755 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200225113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zotepine (ZT) is a substituted dibenzothiepine tricyclic molecule and second generation antipsychotic drug. It is available as the parenteral and oral solid dosage form, but, orally administered ZT has a poor oral bioavailability (10%) that might be due to either poor water solubility, high lipophilicity (Log P 4) and also first-pass hepatic metabolism. OBJECTIVE The oral bioavailability of ZT was improved by loading into a nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) system. METHODS Hot homogenization with probe sonication method was used for the preparation of ZT-NLCs formulations and characterized for an optimal system based on physicochemical characteristics and in vitro release. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were used to confirm the crystalline nature and shape of the optimized ZT-NLC formulation. The physical stability of the optimized ZT-NLC formulation was evaluated at the refrigerator and room temperature over two months. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of optimized ZT-NLC and ZT coarse suspension (ZT-CS) as control formulation, were conducted in male Wistar rats. RESULTS The optimized formulation of ZT-NLC showed Z-avg, PDI, ZP of 145.8 ± 2.5 nm, 0.18 ± 0.05, -31.6 ± 1.8 mV, respectively. In vitro release studies indicated the sustained release of ZT. DSC and XRD studies revealed the conversion of ZT into an amorphous form. SEM studies showed the spherical shape of the ZT-NLC formulation. PK studies showed 1.8-folds improvement (p<0.05) in oral bioavailability when compared with ZTCS formulation. CONCLUSION Overall, the results established that NLCs could be used as a new alternative delivery vehicle for the oral delivery of ZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cernam Tirumalesh
- Nanotechnology and Novel Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana-506009, India
| | - Dinesh Suram
- Nanotechnology and Novel Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana-506009, India
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Nanotechnology and Novel Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana-506009, India
| | - Nagaraj Banala
- Nanotechnology and Novel Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana-506009, India
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164
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Characteristics of apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cells treated with a ceramidase inhibitor. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:907-919. [PMID: 33270814 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with high mortality rates. Breast cancer is one of the most fatal diseases both for men and woman. Despite the positive developments on cancer treatment, a successful treatment agent/method has not been developed, yet. Recently, cancer research has been involved in sphingolipid metabolism. The key molecule here is ceramide. Ceramides mediate growth suppress, apoptosis and aging regulation. Ceramidases metabolize ceramide and decrease its level in cells and cause escape the death. Inhibition of ceramidases as new targets for cancer treatment is shown in the literature. Herein, we found that d-erythro-MAPP and its nanoparticle formulation, reduce the viability of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 4.4 µM, and 15.6 µM, respectively. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy results revealed apoptotic morphological and ultrastructural changes for both agents. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were supported by annexin-V, mitochondrial membrane potential changings and cell cycle analysis, respectively.
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165
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Piroxicam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers gel: Design and characterization by square wave voltammetry. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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166
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Wu ZL, Zhao J, Xu R. Recent Advances in Oral Nano-Antibiotics for Bacterial Infection Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9587-9610. [PMID: 33293809 PMCID: PMC7719120 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the main infectious diseases and cause of death worldwide. Antibiotics are used to treat various infections ranging from minor to life-threatening ones. The dominant route to administer antibiotics is through oral delivery and subsequent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption. However, the delivery efficiency is limited by many factors such as low drug solubility and/or permeability, gastrointestinal instability, and low antibacterial activity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel and efficient tool for targeting drug delivery, and a number of promising nanotherapeutic strategies have been widely explored to overcome these obstacles. In this review, we explore published studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress in the area of orally deliverable nano-antibiotic formulations. The first part of this article discusses the functions and underlying mechanisms by which nanomedicines increase the oral absorption of antibiotics. The second part focuses on the classification of oral nano-antibiotics and summarizes the advantages, disadvantages and applications of nanoformulations including lipid, polymer, nanosuspension, carbon nanotubes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in oral delivery of antibiotics. Lastly, the challenges and future perspective of oral nano-antibiotics for infection disease therapy are discussed. Overall, nanomedicines designed for oral drug delivery system have demonstrated the potential for the improvement and optimization of currently available antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Liang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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167
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Leporatti S, Rinaldi R. The New Frontiers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment: Liposomal-Based Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:566767. [PMID: 33195128 PMCID: PMC7649361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.566767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the onset of neurodegenerative (ND) diseases is strongly widespread due to the age increase of the world population. Despite the intensive investigations boosted by the scientific community, an efficacious therapy has not been outlined yet. The drugs commonly used are only able to relieve symptom severity; following their oral or intravenous administration routes, their effectiveness is strictly limited due to their low ability to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS) overcoming the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Starting from these assumptions, the engineered-nanocarriers, such as lipid-nanocarriers, are suitable agents to enhance the delivery of drugs into the CNS due to their high solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Liposomal delivery systems are considered to be the ideal carriers, not only for conventional drugs but also for neuroprotective small molecules and green-extracted compounds. In the current work, the LP-based drug delivery improvements in in vivo applications against ND disorders were carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- National Research Council Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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168
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Pandian SRK, Pavadai P, Vellaisamy S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sundar LM, Chandramohan V, Sankaranarayanan M, Panneerselvam T, Kunjiappan S. Formulation and evaluation of rutin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of brain tumor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:735-749. [PMID: 33156389 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary requirement for curing cancer is the delivery of essential drug load at the cancer microenvironment with therapeutic efficacy. Considering this, the present study aims to formulate "Rutin"-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for effective brain delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Rutin-loaded SLNs were fabricated by oil-in-water microemulsion technique and were characterized for their physicochemical properties. The in vivo biodistribution study of rutin-loaded SLNs was studied using Rattus norvegicus rats. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking and dynamic calculations were performed to examine the binding affinity as well as stability of rutin at the active site of target protein "epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)." Formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle diameter of 100 nm. Additionally, the biocompatibility and stability have been proved in vitro. The presence and biodistribution of rutin in vivo after 54 h of injection were observed as 15.23 ± 0.32% in the brain, 8.68 ± 0.63% in the heart, 4.78 ± 0.28% in the kidney, 5.04 ± 0.37% in the liver, 0.92 ± 0.04% in the lung, and 11.52 ± 0.65% in the spleen, respectively. Molecular docking results revealed the higher binding energy of - 150.973 kJ/mol of rutin with EGFR. Molecular dynamic simulation studies demonstrated that rutin with EGFR receptor complex was highly stable at 30 ns. The observed results exemplified that the formulated rutin-loaded SLNs were stable in circulation for a period up to 5 days. Thus, rutin-encapsulated SLN formulations can be used as a promising vector to target tumors across BBB. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, 626005, India
| | - Ponnusamy Palanisamy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Lakshmi M Sundar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | | | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637205, India.
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, 626126, India.
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169
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Rebouças-Silva J, Tadini MC, Devequi-Nunes D, Mansur AL, S Silveira-Mattos P, I de Oliveira C, R Formiga F, Berretta AA, Marquele-Oliveira F, Borges VM. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo Efficacy of a Novel Amphotericin B-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier in the Treatment of Leishmania braziliensis Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8659-8672. [PMID: 33177824 PMCID: PMC7652360 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s262642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease, and the current therapeutic arsenal for its treatment is seriously limited by high cost and toxicity. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) represent a promising approach due to high drug loading capacity, controlled drug release profiles and superior stability. Here, we explore the efficacy of a unique pH-sensitive amphotericin B-loaded NLC (AmB-NLC) in Leishmania braziliensis infection in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results AmB-NLC was assessed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy assays. The carrier showed a spherical shape with a nanometric size of 242.0 ± 18.3 nm. Zeta potential was suggestive of high carrier stability (−42.5 ± 1.5 mV), and the NLC showed ~99% drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%). In biological assays, AmB-NLC presented a similar IC50 as free AmB and conventional AmB deoxycholate (AmB-D) (11.7 ± 1.73; 5.3 ± 0.55 and 13 ± 0.57 ng/mL, respectively), while also presenting higher selectivity index and lower toxicity to host cells, with no observed production of nitric oxide or TNF-α by in vitro assay. Confocal microscopy revealed the rapid uptake of AmB-NLC by infected macrophages after 1h, which, in association with more rapid disruption of AmB-NLC at acidic pH levels, may directly affect intracellular parasites. Leishmanicidal effects were evaluated in vivo in BALB/c mice infected in the ear dermis with L. braziliensis and treated with a pentavalent antimonial (Sb5+), liposomal AmB (AmB-L) or AmB-NLC. After 6 weeks of infection, AmB-NLC treatment resulted in smaller ear lesion size in all treated mice, indicating the efficacy of the novel formulation. Conclusion Here, we preliminarily demonstrate the effectiveness of an innovative and cost-effective AmB-NLC formulation in promoting the killing of intracellular L. braziliensis. This novel carrier system could be a promising alternative for the future treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rebouças-Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maraine Catarina Tadini
- Eleve Science Research and Development, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Devequi-Nunes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Formulations, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Luíza Mansur
- Eleve Science Research and Development, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Silveira-Mattos
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camila I de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Formiga
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andresa A Berretta
- Laboratory of Research, Development and Innovation, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria M Borges
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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170
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Anwar W, Dawaba HM, Afouna MI, Samy AM, Rashed MH, Abdelaziz AE. Enhancing the Oral Bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Vitro Characterization and Absorption in Rats after Oral Administration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1047. [PMID: 33142816 PMCID: PMC7692391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Candesartan Cilexetil (CC) is a prodrug widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, but it has some limitations, such as very poor aqueous solubility, high affinity to P-glycoprotein efflux mechanism, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it has very low oral bioavailability. In this study, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and Capryol™ 90 were selected as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, to develop CC-NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier). CC was successfully encapsulated into NLP (CC-NLC) to enhance its oral bioavailability. CC-NLC was formulated using a hot homogenization-ultrasonication technique, and the physicochemical properties were characterized. The developed CC-NLC formulation was showed in nanometric size (121.6 ± 6.2 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (96.23 ± 3.14%). Furthermore, it appeared almost spherical in morphology under a transmission electron microscope. The surgical experiment of the designed CC-NLC for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract revealed that CC-NLC absorption in the stomach was only 15.26% of that in the intestine. Otherwise, cellular uptake study exhibit that CC-NLCs should be internalized through the enterocytes after that transported through the systemic circulation. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the oral bioavailability of CC was remarkably improved above 2-fold after encapsulation into nanostructured lipid carriers. These results ensured that nanostructured lipid carriers have a highly beneficial effect on improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Hamdy M. Dawaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al Qantarah Sharq 41636, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohsen I. Afouna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Samy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt or (H.M.D.); (M.I.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Mohammed H. Rashed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11751, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Abdelaziz E. Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelshiekh University, Kafrelshiekh 33516, Egypt;
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171
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Lugasi L, Grinberg I, Rudnick-Glick S, Okun E, Einat H, Margel S. Designed proteinoid polymers and nanoparticles encapsulating risperidone for enhanced antipsychotic activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:149. [PMID: 33087104 PMCID: PMC7580026 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating drug formulations can be used to facilitate passage through biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increase drug delivery and bioavailability. Hence, NP-based administration may enhance the efficiency of current antipsychotics. Encapsulation within NPs can resolve aqueous solubility problems that not only reduce permeability through the BBB but also affect targeting. The present study describes a new drug delivery system based on proteinoid NPs to explore the possibility of improving drug efficacy. Risperidone (RSP) is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic medication, and was therefore selected for encapsulation by proteinoid NPs. RESULTS Proteinoid polymers with high molecular weight and low polydispersity were synthesized from L-amino acids and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) by thermal step-growth polymerization mechanism. RSP-loaded proteinoid NPs were then prepared using a self-assembly process in the presence of RSP, followed by PEGylation. The optimal PEGylated RSP-loaded NPs were characterized in terms of diameter and size distribution, drug loading, ζ-potential, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and psychopharmacological effects. The findings indicate significantly higher antipsychotic activity of drug-loaded proteinoid NPs compared to free RSP. CONCLUSIONS Proteinoid NPs enhance RSP delivery and may potentially increase drug efficiency by reducing dosage and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lugasi
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - I Grinberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - S Rudnick-Glick
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E Okun
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - H Einat
- The School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, 6818211, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Margel
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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172
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Duong VA, Nguyen TTL, Maeng HJ. Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Drug Delivery and the Effects of Preparation Parameters of Solvent Injection Method. Molecules 2020; 25:E4781. [PMID: 33081021 PMCID: PMC7587569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as potential drug delivery systems for various applications that are produced from physiological, biodegradable, and biocompatible lipids. The methods used to produce SLNs and NLCs have been well investigated and reviewed, but solvent injection method provides an alternative means of preparing these drug carriers. The advantages of solvent injection method include a fast production process, easiness of handling, and applicability in many laboratories without requirement of complicated instruments. The effects of formulations and process parameters of this method on the characteristics of the produced SLNs and NLCs have been investigated in several studies. This review describes the methods currently used to prepare SLNs and NLCs with focus on solvent injection method. We summarize recent development in SLNs and NLCs production using this technique. In addition, the effects of solvent injection process parameters on SLNs and NLCs characteristics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-An Duong
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi-Thao-Linh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Shahraeini SS, Akbari J, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Abootorabi S, Dehghanpoor M, Rostamkalaei SS, Nokhodchi A. Atorvastatin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Approach for Dermal Delivery and an Anti-inflammatory Agent. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:263. [PMID: 32978691 PMCID: PMC7519004 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research, the main focus was to overcome dermal delivery problems of atorvastatin. To this end, atorvastatin solid lipid nanoparticles (ATR-SLNs) were prepared by ultra-sonication technique. The prepared SLNs had a PDI value of ≤ 0.5, and the particle size of nanoparticles was in the range 71.07 ± 1.72 to 202.07 ± 8.40 nm. It was noticed that, when the concentration of lipid in ATR-SLNs increased, the size of nanoparticles and drug entrapment efficiency were also increased. Results showed that a reduction in the HLB of surfactants used in the preparation of SLN caused an increase in the particle size, zeta potential (better stability), and drug entrapment efficiency. Despite Tween and Span are non-ionic surfactants, SLNs containing these surfactants showed a negative zeta potential, and the absolute zeta potential increased when the concentration of Span 80 was at maximum. DSC thermograms, FTIR spectra, and x-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern showed good incorporation of ATR in the nanoparticles without any chemical interaction. In vitro skin permeation results showed that SLN containing atorvastatin was capable of enhancing the dermal delivery of atorvastatin where a higher concentration of atorvastatin can be detected in skin layers. This is a hopeful promise which could be developed for clinical studies of the dermal delivery of atorvastatin nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Katayoun Morteza-Semnani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shidrokh Abootorabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Milad Dehghanpoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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174
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Wang Y, Pi C, Feng X, Hou Y, Zhao L, Wei Y. The Influence of Nanoparticle Properties on Oral Bioavailability of Drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6295-6310. [PMID: 32943863 PMCID: PMC7455773 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration has been the most common therapeutic regimen in various diseases because of its high safety, convenience, lower costs, and high compliance of patients. However, susceptible in hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environment, many drugs show poor permeability across GI tract mucus and intestinal epithelium with poor oral absorption and limited therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NDDS) have become a hot research spot because of their unique advantages including protecting drug from premature degrading and interacting with the physiological environment, increasing intracellular penetration, and enhancing drug absorption. However, a slight change in physicochemistry of nanoparticles can significantly impact their interaction with biological pathways and alter the oral bioavailability of drugs. Hence, this review focuses on the factors affecting oral bioavailability from two aspects. On the one hand, the factors are the biochemical and physiological barriers in oral drugs delivery. On the other hand, the factors are the nanoparticle properties including size, surface properties, and shape of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhu Feng
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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175
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Chaturvedi S, Verma A, Saharan VA. Lipid Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapeutics: An Insight into Lymphatic Targeting, P-gp, CYP3A4 Modulation and Bioavailability Enhancement. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:524-541. [PMID: 33072532 PMCID: PMC7539309 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy plays an important role though the efficacy of anti-cancer drug administered orally is limited, due to their poor solubility in physiological medium, inability to cross biological membrane, high Para-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug efflux, and pre-systemic metabolism. These all factors cumulatively reduce drug exposure at the target site leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). Lipid based carriers systems has been explored to overcome solubility and permeability related issues of anti-cancer drugs. The lipid based formulations have also been reported to circumvent the effect of P-gp and CYP3A4. Further long chain triglycerides (LCT) has shown their ability to access Lymphatic route over Medium Chain Triglycerides, as the former has been extensively used for targeting anti-cancer drugs at proliferating cells through lymphatic route. Therefore this review tries to reflect the usefulness of lipid based drug carriers systems (viz. liposome, solid lipid nanoparticle, nano-lipid carriers, self-emulsifying, lipidic pro-drugs) in targeting lymphatic system and overcoming issues related to solubility and permeability of anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, we have also tried to reflect how critically lipid based carriers are important in maximizing therapeutic safety and efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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176
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Goktas Z, Zu Y, Abbasi M, Galyean S, Wu D, Fan Z, Wang S. Recent Advances in Nanoencapsulation of Phytochemicals to Combat Obesity and Its Comorbidities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8119-8131. [PMID: 32633507 PMCID: PMC8507418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An increasing epidemic of obesity has become a serious public health concern primarily because it contributes to pathogenesis of many chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hepatobiliary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, kidney disease, some types of cancer, among others. Consumption of a variety of phytochemicals has emerged as a promising potential for combating obesity and its comorbidities. However, the generally low aqueous solubility, stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of phytochemicals, along with their side-effects and toxicity seen when used at high doses, have restricted their clinical applications. As a solution, phytochemicals can be encapsulated into nanoparticles to increase their stability and solubility, enhance their bioavailability, protect them from premature degradation in the body, prolong their circulation time, and thus enhance their antiobesity activity. In this perspective, we summarize the problems and limitations of the prominent phytochemicals (epigallocatechin gallate, trans-resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin), the major biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles, and the efficacy of nanoencapsulated forms of these phytochemicals in combating obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Goktas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shannon Galyean
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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177
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Omer ME, Halwani M, Alenazi RM, Alharbi O, Aljihani S, Massadeh S, Al Ghoribi M, Al Aamery M, Yassin AE. Novel Self-Assembled Polycaprolactone-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Enhance the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:598-607. [PMID: 32734812 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320943126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used antibiotic, is a poor biopharmaceutical resulting in low bioavailability. We optimized a CIP polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticle (CIP-PLN) delivery system to enhance its biopharmaceutical attributes and the overall therapeutic performance. CIP-PLN formulations were prepared by a direct emulsification-solvent-evaporation method. Varying the type and ratio of lipid was tried to optimize a CIP-PLN formulation. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability, and drug entrapment efficiency. The drug in vitro release profile was also studied. Antibacterial activities were tested by the agar diffusion method for all CIP-PLN formulations against an Escherichia coli clinical bacterial isolate (EC04). CIP-PLN formulations showed average sizes in the range of 133.9 ± 1.7 nm to 217.1 ± 0.8 nm, exhibiting high size uniformity as indicated by polydispersity indices lower than 0.25. The entrapment efficiency was close to 80% for all formulations. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms indicated the existence of CIP in the amorphous state in all PLN formulations. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated deep incorporation of molecular CIP within the polymer matrix. The release profile of CIP from PLN formulas showed a uniform prolonged drug profile, extended for a week from most formulations with a zero-order kinetics. The antibacterial activity of CIP-PLN formulations showed significantly higher antibacterial activity only with F4 containing lecithin as the lipid component. In conclusion, we successfully optimized a CIP-PLN formulation with a low nanoparticle size in a close range, high percentage of entrapment efficiency and drug loading, uniform prolonged release rate, and higher antibacterial activity against the EC04 clinical isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa E Omer
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Halwani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan M Alenazi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shokran Aljihani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al Ghoribi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Al Aamery
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Eldeen Yassin
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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178
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Kathpalia H, Prabhu V, Kathe K, Juvekar S, Shidhaye S. Formulation strategies for effective delivery of Primaquine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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179
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Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA, Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Okbazghi SZ, Awan ZA, Bakhrebah MA, Alomary MN, Abdulaal WH, Medina C, Alhakamy NA. Optimized Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Integrated into In Situ Nasal Gel for Enhancing Brain Delivery of Flibanserin. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5253-5264. [PMID: 32801690 PMCID: PMC7386805 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Flibanserin (FLB) is a multifunctional serotonergic agent used for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women via oral administration. FLB has a reported limited oral bioavailability of 33% that could be attributed to the drug’s first-pass metabolism. In addition, FLB has a pH-dependent solubility that could be a challenging factor for drug dissolution in the body neutral fluid, and consequently, absorption via mucosal barriers. Thus, this work aims at investigating the potential of utilizing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to enhance nose-to-brain drug delivery. Methods Box-Behnken design was applied to explore the impact of solid lipid % (SL%, X1), liquid lipid % (LL%, X2), and sonication time (ST, X3) on particle size. The optimized NLC formulation was characterized and incorporated into gellan gum in situ gel. The prepared gel was subjected to in vitro drug release, in vivo pharmacokinetic performance, and histopathological assessment in rats. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant negative effect for both SL% and ST on NLCs size. In contrast, a significant positive effect was observed for the LL%. The optimized formulation showed spherical shape with vesicular size of 114.63 nm. The optimized FLB-NLC in situ gel exhibited adequate stability and enhanced in vitro release compared to raw FLB control gel. The plasma and brain concentrations of the drug after nasal administration in rats increased by more than 3–6-fold, respectively, compared to raw FLB in situ gel. In addition, the histopathological studies revealed the absence of any pathological signs. Conclusion The aforementioned results highlight the safety of FLB-NLC in situ nasal gel and its potential to improve the drug bioavailability and brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solomon Z Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, Connecticut, NE 06510, USA
| | - Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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180
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Stabilization of ferulic acid in topical gel formulation via nanoencapsulation and pH optimization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12288. [PMID: 32703966 PMCID: PMC7378829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a potent anti-oxidant with scientifically proven skin care efficacies. However, instability of this active in the skin care products restricted its wide application in beauty and skin care industries. This study aimed to stabilize ferulic acid in topical hydrogel formulation via nanoencapsulation technique. Ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules were prepared via high pressure homogenization method and physicochemically characterized. Mean particle size of ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules was < 300 nm. TEM and SEM images exhibited spherical particles with smooth surface. DSC and XRD results indicated that ferulic acid was completely dissolved in the lipid matrix of the nanocapsules and remained in amorphous form. Two types of hydrogel formulations containing ferulic acid loaded nanocapsules were prepared: Gel A with pH higher and Gel B with pH lower than pKa of ferulic acid. Cross-polarized microscopic image of the gel formulations did not show presence of any un-encapsulated and un-dissolved crystal. Gel B showed slower and controlled release of ferulic acid than Gel A. Ferulic acid permeation through skin mimic from the gel formulation demonstrated controlled permeation. Color stability of the gel and chemical stability of ferulic acid were very good in Gel B, while poor in Gel A (although significantly better than the gel with un-encapsulated ferulic acid). The result clearly indicates that together with nanoencapsulation, low pH (less than pKa of ferulic acid) of the hydrogel was crucial for both product appearance and chemical stability of ferulic acid. In fact, it has been proved that skin care product with low pH is good for skin as it can maintain skin homeostasis and microbiome. Furthermore, the permeation result suggests that ferulic acid may penetrate into deep skin layers and at the same time avoid systemic circulation. Overall, this low pH hydrogel formulation containing nanoencapsulated ferulic acid demonstrates great promise for commercialization.
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181
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Rodrigues LBO, Lima FA, Alves CPB, Martins-Santos E, Aguiar MMG, Oliveira CA, Oréfice RL, Ferreira LAM, Goulart GAC. Ion Pair Strategy in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: a Targeted Approach to Improve Epidermal Targeting with Controlled Adapalene Release, Resulting Reduced Skin Irritation. Pharm Res 2020; 37:148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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182
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Fonseca-Santos B, Silva PB, Rigon RB, Sato MR, Chorilli M. Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3623-3656. [PMID: 31232233 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento Silva
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Department of Genetics and Morphology, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Balansin Rigon
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rillo Sato
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
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183
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Pinto RM, Lopes-de-Campos D, Martins MCL, Van Dijck P, Nunes C, Reis S. Impact of nanosystems in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treatment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:622-641. [PMID: 31420962 PMCID: PMC8038934 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for which new therapies are needed. This is particularly important for biofilm implant-associated infections once the only available treatment option implies a surgical procedure combined with antibiotic therapy. Consequently, these infections represent an economic burden for Healthcare Systems. A new strategy has emerged to tackle this problem: for small bugs, small particles. Here, we describe how nanotechnology-based systems have been studied to treat S. aureus biofilms. Their features, drawbacks and potentialities to impact the treatment of these infections are highlighted. Furthermore, we also outline biofilm models and assays required for preclinical validation of those nanosystems to smooth the process of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes-de-Campos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB-KU Leuven, Center for Microbiology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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184
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Masjedi M, Azadi A, Heidari R, Mohammadi-Samani S. Nose-to-brain delivery of sumatriptan-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1341-1351. [PMID: 32579251 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migraine is a neurological disorder with unilateral pulsatile headache which can affect the functions of sufferers. Migraineurs experience some undesirable symptoms such as pain, nausea, vomiting and in some cases auras which make the oral delivery non-selective. The lipid nanoparticles are considered as good carriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a sumatriptan-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). METHODS A drug-loaded NLC was optimized using D-optimal design of experiment and then the characterization of the formulated NLC including particle size, zeta potential, electron microscopy, thermal analysis, drug loading efficiency and release kinetics were carried out. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were also performed during an in-vivo study on Sprague-Dawley rats and neuropharmacokinetic parameters such as drug targeting efficiency (DTE) and direct transport percentage (DTP) were calculated. KEY FINDINGS The optimization of experiments led to nanoparticles with 101 nm mean diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.27. The drug entrapment efficiency (EE) for optimized nanoparticle was found to be 91.00%. DTE and DTP of intranasal-administered NLC were calculated 258.02% and 61.23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Neuropharmacokinetic evaluation of intranasal NLC dispersion represents a suitable brain delivery system. The DTP of NLC formulation suggests the desirable entrance of sumatriptan into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Masjedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abd El-Halim SM, Abdelbary GA, Amin MM, Zakaria MY, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Stabilized oral nanostructured lipid carriers of Adefovir Dipivoxil as a potential liver targeting: Estimation of liver function panel and uptake following intravenous injection of radioiodinated indicator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:517-532. [PMID: 32564282 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor is effective against Hepatitis B virus. Its poor oral bioavailability leads to frequent administration causing severe adverse effects. Thereby the entrapment of AD within lipid nanoparticulate systems is a way of increasing AD oral bioavailability as a result of improving intestinal permeability with efficient liver-targeted delivery together with higher drug stability during storage. METHODS AD-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (AD-NLCs) were prepared via solvent emulsification diffusion technique adopting 24 full factorial design to study the effect of lipid percentage, presence of egg yolk lecithin, surfactant type and percentage on entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), particle size and percent in-vitro drug released after 8 h (Q8hrs). RESULTS Formula (F12) showed E.E.% of 90.5 ± 0.2%, vesicle size of 240.2 ± 2.5 nm and Q8hrs of 58.55 ± 9.4% was selected as the optimum formula with desirability value of 0.757 based on highest EE%, lowest P.S. and Q8hrs. Further evaluation of the optimized formula using radioiodinated rose bengal (RIRB) in thioacetamide induced liver damage in Swiss Albino mice revealed a higher liver uptake of 22 ± 0.01% ID/g (percent injected dose/g organ) and liver uptake/Blood (T/B) ratio of 2.22 ± 0.067 post 2 h of I.V injection of RIRB compared to 9 ± 0.01% ID/g and 0.64 ± 0.017 in untreated group, respectively. CONCLUSION NLCs could be successfully used as oral drug delivery carriers of the antiviral drug Adefovir Dipivoxil to the liver with higher stability and oral bioavailability. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady M Abd El-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Central Axis, 6th of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industry, Port Said University, Port said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
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De Souza C, Ma Z, Lindstrom AR, Chatterji BP. Nanomaterials as potential transporters of HDAC inhibitors. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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187
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Murthy A, Rao Ravi P, Kathuria H, Malekar S. Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Raloxifene with Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061085. [PMID: 32486508 PMCID: PMC7353254 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) shows poor bioavailability (<2%), high inter-patient variability and extensive gut metabolism (>90%). The objective of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for RLX to enhance its bioavailability. The NLC formulations were produced with glyceryl tribehenate and oleic acid. The particle characteristics, entrapment efficiency (EE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release, oral bioavailability (in rats) and stability studies were performed. The optimized nanoparticles were 120 ± 3 nm in size with positive zeta potential (14.4 ± 0.5 mV); % EE was over 90% with the drug loading of 5%. The RLX exists in an amorphous form in the lipid matrix. The optimized RLX-NLC formulation showed sustained release in vitro. The RLX-NLC significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced oral bioavailability 3.19-fold as compared to RLX-free suspension in female Wistar rats. The RLX-NLC can potentially enhance the oral bioavailability of RLX. It can also improve the storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Murthy
- Differentiated Formulations, Strides Pharma Science Ltd., R & D Centre, J.P. Nagar 2nd Phase, Bangalore 560083, Karnataka, India;
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (H.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Punna Rao Ravi
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-40-66303539
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shrinivas Malekar
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (H.K.); (S.M.)
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188
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Oner E, Kotmakci M, Kantarci AG. A promising approach to develop nanostructured lipid carriers from solid lipid nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, cytotoxicity and nucleic acid binding ability. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:936-948. [PMID: 32315242 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1759630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) displaying similar characteristics - particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential - with the model solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for better comparability. By considering the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of solid and liquid lipids, five out of six NLCs and eight out of eight cationic NLCs (cNLCs) were successfully prepared with similar characteristics to their precursor SLN and cationic SLNs (cSLNs), respectively. Among cationic formulations, two cSLNs containing different surfactant/co-surfactant concentrations (4% and 8% S/CoS; w/w) and their cNLC versions prepared with Labrafac lipophile WL 1349 (LWL) or Labrafac PG were selected to compare cytotoxicity, stability, and nucleic acid binding ability. All formulations are well-tolerated by L-929 cells, cSLNs being least toxic. The formulations containing 4% S/CoS had higher stability after 24-months. All nanoparticles formed complexes with pDNA (Binding ability: cNLCs > cSLNs). cSLN and LWL-cNLC containing 4% S/CoS showed the highest pDNA binding capacity in each group, and their spherical/oval shape was revealed by electron microscopy. However, they did not form complexes with siRNA. The developed approach has the potential to simplify the production of (c)NLCs having similar physicochemical properties with the optimum (c)SLN and may provide better insight for (c)SLN vs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Oner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kotmakci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gulten Kantarci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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189
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Chime SA, Onunkwo GC, Attama AA. Evaluation of the Properties of Encapsulated Stavudine Microparticulate Lipid-based Drug Delivery System in Immunocompromised Wistar Rats. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:237-247. [PMID: 32386495 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200510010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-based formulations have been confirmed to lower some side effects of drugs and can be tailor-made to offer sustained drug release of drugs with short half-life like stavudine. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of stavudine-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) using immunocompromised Wistar rats. METHODS The SLMs were formulated by the homogenization method. The optimized batches were used for further in vivo studies. The effect of formulation on the CD4 count and the haematological properties of immunocompromised Wistar rats were studied. RESULTS The particle size range was 4 -8 μm, EE range was 85-93 % and maximum drug release was observed at 10 h. The CD4 cells increased from 115 ± 3.17 cell/mm3 at day zero to 495 ± 5.64 cell/mm3 at day 14 of treatment and 538 ± 6.31 cell/mm3 at day 21. The red blood cells increased from 2.64 ± 1.58 (x 106/mm3) at day zero to 6.96 ± 3.47 (x 106/mm3) at day 14 and 7.85 ± 3.64 (x 106/mm3) at day 21. PCV increased significantly (p < 0.05) to about 42-50 % at day 21 in the groups that received the SLMs formulations. White blood cells (WBC) also were 12 x 103/mm3, for SLM formulations, while the rats that received plain stavudine exhibited WBC of 9.6 x 103/mm3 at day 21. The histopathological studies revealed that oral stavudine-loaded SLMs had no significant damage to the kidney, liver, spleen and the brain of Wistar rats. CONCLUSION The formulations exhibited significantly higher immunomodulatory properties than plain stavudine (p<0.05) and showed good properties for once daily oral administration and could be a better alternative to plain stavudine tablets for the management of patients living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome A Chime
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Godswill C Onunkwo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Anthony A Attama
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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190
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Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Fabrication of efavirenz loaded nano-formulation using quality by design (QbD) based approach: Exploring characterizations and in vivo safety. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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191
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Arantes VT, Faraco AA, Ferreira FB, Oliveira CA, Martins-Santos E, Cassini-Vieira P, Barcelos LS, Ferreira LA, Goulart GA. Retinoic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surrounded by chitosan film support diabetic wound healing in in vivo study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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192
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030288. [PMID: 32210127 PMCID: PMC7151211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.
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193
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Moazeni M, Saeedi M, Kelidari H, Nabili M, Davari A. An update on the application of nano-scaled carriers against fluconazole-resistant Candida species: nanostructured lipid carriers or solid lipid nanoparticles? Curr Med Mycol 2020; 5:8-13. [PMID: 32104738 PMCID: PMC7034784 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.4.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Encapsulation can lead to improved efficacy and safety of antifungal compounds. The attention of scientists has recently turned to biocompatible lipids as the carriers for the delivery of antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole. Although several research reports have already been published on fluconazole loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FLZ-SLNs) and fluconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (FLZ-NLCs), the possible advantages of NLCs over SLNs have not yet been fully established. Studies performed so far have given several contradictory results. Materials and Methods: Both formulations of fluconazole were synthesized using probe ultrasonication method and the characteristics were analyzed. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was performed with FLZ, FLZ-SLNs, and FLZ-NLCs using CLSI document M60 against some common fluconazole-resistant Candida species. Results: A significant decrease was observed in minimum inhibitory concentration values when both formulations were applied. Nonetheless, FLZ-NLCs were significantly more effective (P<0.05). However, three species groups were not statistically different in terms of the activity of FLZ-NLCs. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, FLZ-NLCs could reverse the azole-resistance phenomenon in the most common Candida species more effectively, as compared to FLZ-SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moazeni
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kelidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nabili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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194
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Chauhan I, Yasir M, Verma M, Singh AP. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Groundbreaking Approach for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:150-165. [PMID: 32373485 PMCID: PMC7191226 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are novel pharmaceutical formulations which are composed of physiological and biocompatible lipids, surfactants and co-surfactants. Over time, as a second generation lipid nanocarrier NLC has emerged as an alternative to first generation nanoparticles. This review article highlights the structure, composition, various formulation methodologies, and characterization of NLCs which are prerequisites in formulating a stable drug delivery system. NLCs hold an eminent potential in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics market because of extensive beneficial effects like skin hydration, occlusion, enhanced bioavailability, and skin targeting. This article aims to evoke an interest in the current state of art NLC by discussing their promising assistance in topical drug delivery system. The key attributes of NLC that make them a promising drug delivery system are ease of preparation, biocompatibility, the feasibility of scale up, non-toxicity, improved drug loading, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iti Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad- 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Madhu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad- 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad- 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India
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195
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Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Patel RJ, Ajazuddin, Ravichandiran V, Murty US, Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J Control Release 2020; 321:372-415. [PMID: 32061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives. Across different lipid nanocarriers, NLC remains to be the safest, stable, biocompatible and cost-effective drug carrier system with high encapsulation efficiency. Drug delivery to the brain always remains a challenging issue for scientists due to the complex structure and various barrier mechanisms surrounding the brain. The application of a suitable nanocarrier system and the use of any alternative route of drug administration like nose-to-brain drug delivery could overcome the hurdle and improves the therapeutic efficiency of CNS acting drugs thereof. NLC, a second-generation lipid nanocarrier, upsurges the drug permeation across the BBB due to its unique structural properties. The biocompatible lipid matrix and nano-size make it an ideal drug carrier for brain targeting. It offers many advantages over other drug carrier systems, including ease of manufacturing and scale-up to industrial level, higher drug targeting, high drug loading, control drug release, compatibility with a wide range of drug substances, non-toxic and non-irritant behavior. This review highlights recent progresses towards the development of NLC for brain targeting of bioactives with particular reference to its surface modifications, formulations aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior and efficacy towards the treatment of various neurological disorders like AD, PD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, brain cancer, CNS infection (viral and fungal), multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and cerebral malaria. This work describes in detail the role and application of NLC, along with its different fabrication techniques and associated limitations. Specific emphasis is given to compile a summary and graphical data on the area explored by scientists and researchers worldwide towards the treatment of neurological disorders with or without NLC. The article also highlights a brief insight into two prime approaches for brain targeting, including drug delivery across BBB and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery along with the current global status of specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Ravish J Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy (RPCP), Charotar University of Sciences and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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196
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Wang H, Li L, Ye J, Wang R, Wang R, Hu J, Wang Y, Dong W, Xia X, Yang Y, Gao Y, Gao L, Liu Y. Improving the Oral Bioavailability of an Anti-Glioma Prodrug CAT3 Using Novel Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Oleic Acid-CAT3 Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E126. [PMID: 32028734 PMCID: PMC7076672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
13a-(S)-3-pivaloyloxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro(9,10-b)-indolizidine (CAT3) is a novel oral anti-glioma pro-drug with a potent anti-tumor effect against temozolomide-resistant glioma in vivo. However, poor lipid solubility has limited the encapsulation efficacy during formulation development. Moreover, although the active metabolite of CAT3, 13a(S)-3-hydroxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro(9,10-b)-indolizidine (PF403), can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and approach the brain tissue with a 1000-fold higher anti-glioma activity than CAT3 in vitro, its bioavailability and Cmax were considerably low in plasma, limiting the anti-tumor efficacy. In this study, a novel oleic acid-CAT3 conjugate (OA-CAT3) was synthesized at the first time to increase the lipid solubility of CAT3. The OA-CAT3 loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (OA-CAT3-SLN) were constructed using an ultrasonic technique to enhance the bioavailability and Cmax of PF403 in plasma. Our results demonstrated that CAT3 was amorphous in the lipid core of OA-CAT3-SLN and the in vitro release was well controlled. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficacy and the zeta potential increased to 80.65 ± 6.79% and -26.7 ± 0.46 mV, respectively, compared to the normal CAT3 loaded SLN. As indicated by the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) quantitation, the monolayer cellular transepithelial transport rate of OA-CAT3-SLN improved by 2.42-fold relied on cholesterol compared to the CAT3 suspension. Hence, the in vitro cell viability of OA-CAT3-SLN in C6 glioma cells decreased to 29.77% ± 2.13% and 10.75% ± 3.12% at 48 and 72 h, respectively. Finally, compared to the CAT3 suspension, the in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats indicated that the plasma bioavailability and Cmax of PF403 as afforded by OA-CAT3-SLN increased by 1.7- and 5.5-fold, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that OA-CAT3-SLN could be an efficacious delivery system in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rubing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Renyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
| | - Wujun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (H.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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197
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Birolli WG, Porto ALM, Fonseca LP. Miniemulsion in biocatalysis, a new approach employing a solid reagent and an easy protocol for product isolation applied to the aldol reaction by Rhizopus niveus lipase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122441. [PMID: 31813818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Miniemulsion systems presented a great potential for biocatalytic reactions. However, different limitations jeopardized the applications of this non-conventional medium. In this work, miniemulsion systems (emulsion reactors) were applied for the first time to the aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde by Rhizopus niveus lipase allowing a decrease in the catalyst concentration from 20 mg mL-1 to 6 mg mL-1 in comparison with organic solvents. Moreover, the yield increased from ~25% to ~65% for 48 h reactions and the enantiomeric excess increased from ~10% to ~30% for (R,S)-anti-aldol product, showing the potentiality of this non-conventional reaction medium. The advances reported in this work expands the possibilities of the miniemulsion reaction medium to a whole new level, increasing the scope to solid reagents and products, and also different reactions (biocatalytic or not) that requires pH control by buffers with a simple product isolation procedure, enabling future applications of this poorly studied reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian G Birolli
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André L M Porto
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, J. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis P Fonseca
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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198
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Khaleeq N, Din FU, Khan AS, Rabia S, Dar J, Khan GM. Development of levosulpiride-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and their in vitro and in vivo comparison with commercial product. J Microencapsul 2020; 37:160-169. [PMID: 31916886 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1713242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop levosulpiride-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with enhanced solubilisation and bioavailability. The levosulpiride loaded-SLNs were composed of levosulpiride, stearic acid, and tween 80 in their respective weight ratios of (1, 5, and 1.5 mg) dissolved in 1 ml distilled water. Physicochemical properties of the SLNs such as particle size, shape, crystallinity, and chemical interaction were evaluated. Further, the in vitro drug dissolution, pharmacokinetic and stability studies of the SLNs were performed. The SLNs were rounded shaped stable nanoparticles with average diameter of 200 nm. They demonstrate 1.5- and 3-fold better drug dissolution when compared with the commercial product and levosulpiride powder, respectively. The SLNs enhanced the bioavailability of levosulpiride 3 times and 7 times, respectively, when compared with the commercial product and levosulpiride powder. It can be concluded that SLNs are capable to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of levosulpiride, even more than the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadra Khaleeq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar-Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Sajjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Rabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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199
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Otarola JJ, Cobo Solís AK, Mariano Correa N, Molina PG. Piroxicam‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Nanocarriers Modified with Salicylic Acid: The Effect on Drug Release. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Otarola
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS). UNRC-CONICET. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
| | - Airam K. Cobo Solís
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS). UNRC-CONICET. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
| | - N. Mariano Correa
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS). UNRC-CONICET. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
| | - Patricia G. Molina
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS). UNRC-CONICET. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
- Departamento de Química. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Agencia Postal # 3. C.P. X5804BYA Río Cuarto. Argentina
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200
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Synthesis of Tilmicosin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Improved Oral Delivery in Broilers: Physiochemical Characterization and Cellular Permeation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020315. [PMID: 31941074 PMCID: PMC7024240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for improved oral absorption of tilmicosin (TMS) in broilers. Thus, palmitic acid, lauric acid, and stearic acid were selected as solid lipids to formulate TMS-pNLCs, TMS-lNLCs, and TMS-sNLCs, respectively. They showed similar physicochemical properties and meanwhile possessed excellent storage and gastrointestinal stability. The TMS interacted with the lipid matrix and was encapsulated efficiently in NLCs in an amorphous structure. NLCs could enhance oral absorption of TMS compared to 10% tilmicosin phosphate solution in broilers, among which the TMS-sNLCs were the most efficient drug delivery carriers, with a relative oral bioavailability of 203.55%. NLCs could inhibit the efflux of P-glycoprotein (P-pg) toward TMS, which may be involved with improved oral absorption. Taken together, these types of solid lipids influenced the enhanced level of NLCs toward oral bioavailability of TMS, and the sNLCs proved to be the most promising oral delivery carriers of TMS.
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