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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Common obesity is widely regarded as a complex, multifactorial trait influenced by the 'obesogenic' environment, sedentary behavior, and genetic susceptibility contributed by common and rare genetic variants. This review describes the recent advances in understanding the role of genetics in obesity. RECENT FINDINGS New susceptibility loci and genetic variants are being uncovered, but the collective effect is relatively small and could not explain most of the BMI heritability. Yet-to-be identified common and rare variants, epistasis, and heritable epigenetic changes may account for part of the 'missing heritability'. Evidence is emerging about the role of epigenetics in determining obesity susceptibility, mediating developmental plasticity, which confers obesity risk from early life experiences. Genetic prediction scores derived from selected genetic variants, and also differential DNA methylation levels and methylation scores, have been shown to correlate with measures of obesity and response to weight loss intervention. Genetic variants, which confer susceptibility to obesity-related morbidities like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, were also discovered recently. SUMMARY We can expect discovery of more rare genetic variants with the advent of whole exome and genome sequencing, and also greater understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which environment influences genetic expression and which mediate the gene-environment interaction.
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152
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- MD, PhD, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
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153
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Feijóo-Bandín S, Rodríguez-Penas D, García-Rúa V, Mosquera-Leal A, Otero MF, Pereira E, Rubio J, Martínez I, Seoane LM, Gualillo O, Calaza M, García-Caballero T, Portolés M, Roselló-Lletí E, Diéguez C, Rivera M, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Nesfatin-1 in human and murine cardiomyocytes: synthesis, secretion, and mobilization of GLUT-4. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4757-67. [PMID: 24064358 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, a satiety-inducing peptide identified in hypothalamic regions that regulate energy balance, is an integral regulator of energy homeostasis and a putative glucose-dependent insulin coadjuvant. We investigated its production by human cardiomyocytes and its effects on glucose uptake, in the main cardiac glucose transporter GLUT-4 and in intracellular signaling. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blots, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and ELISA of human and murine cardiomyocytes and/or cardiac tissue showed that cardiomyocytes can synthesize and secrete nesfatin-1. Confocal microscopy of cultured cardiomyocytes after GLUT-4 labeling showed that nesfatin-1 mobilizes this glucose transporter to cell peripherals. The rate of 2-deoxy-D-[(3)H]glucose incorporation demonstrated that nesfatin-1 induces glucose uptake by HL-1 cells and cultured cardiomyocytes. Nesfatin-1 induced dose- and time-dependent increases in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, and AS160. In murine and human cardiac tissue, nesfatin-1 levels varied with diet and coronary health. In conclusion, human and murine cardiomyocytes can synthesize and secrete nesfatin-1, which is able to induce glucose uptake and the mobilization of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in these cells. Nesfatin-1 cardiac levels are regulated by diet and coronary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Laboratorio 7, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Travesía Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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154
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Li JB, Nishida M, Kaimoto K, Asakawa A, Chaolu H, Cheng KC, Li YX, Terashi M, Koyama KI, Amitani H, Sakoguchi T, Ushikai M, Ikeda S, Aoyama K, Horiuchi M, Li JZ, Inui A. Effects of aging on the plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and adiponectin. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:152-156. [PMID: 24649088 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric and adipose tissue secrete a number of hormones that are involved in energy metabolism. The biological functions of these hormones, including their effects on aging, are currently under investigation. Adiponectin was shown to be directly involved in appetite and the control of body weight. However, the effects of aging of nesfatin-1, an appetite-suppressing peptide that was recently identified, have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aging on the plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and adiponectin. Our results demonstrated no significant differences in the nesfatin-1 plasma levels among three age groups (2, 6 and 24 months) of female BALB/c mice. The plasma nesfatin-1 levels/visceral fat (VF) ratio in the 24-month-old mice was significantly lower compared to that in the 2- and 6-month-old mice. In addition, there were no significant differences in the plasma adiponectin levels among the three age groups. The plasma adiponectin levels/VF ratio in the 24-month-old mice was significantly lower compared to that in the 2- and 6-month-old mice. In conclusion, there were no age-related changes in the plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and adiponectin, although the ratio of plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and adiponectin per VF was decreased with advancing age. Our results indicated that nesfatin-1 and adiponectin may be involved in controlling energy balance during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Bo Li
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan ; Department of Clinical Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Miyuki Nishida
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kaori Kaimoto
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Huhe Chaolu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ying-Xiao Li
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Terashi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ken Ichiro Koyama
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takeo Sakoguchi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders, Division of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kohji Aoyama
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- College of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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155
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Guo Y, Liao Y, Fang G, Dong J, Li Z. Increased nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) transcriptional activity links the regulation of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:883-8. [PMID: 23765387 DOI: 10.3275/9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) has been recently identified as a novel satiety regulator. However, its pathophysiological role in humans remains unknown. The aims of the present study are to explore whether plasma NUCB2-1 and NUCB2 transcription activity are increased in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) and, if so, whether changing NUCB2-1 level is a physiologic response or a compensatory mechanism for impaired insulin action. The nT2DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and healthy people (NGT, normal glucose tolerance) groups were enrolled in this study. The peripheral and hepatic insulin actions in rats with intracerebroventricular (ICV) NUCB2-1 administration were examined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Plasma NUCB2-1 levels were elevated in subjects with both nT2DM and IGT compared with normal controls. NUCB2 mRNA and protein contents of muscle and adipose tissues in T2DM patients were also significantly increased compared to controls. ICV NUCB2-1 infusion in rats inhibited hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity, and this was sufficient to induce insulin sensitivity in the liver and peripheral tissues during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. In T2DM patients, there were increases in plasma NUCB2-1 levels and increases in NUCB2 mRNA and protein contents in muscle and adipose tissues. These increases are presumably a compensatory response to defective insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 402160 Chongqing, China
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156
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Szlachcic A, Sliwowski Z, Krzysiek-Maczka G, Majka J, Surmiak M, Pajdo R, Drozdowicz D, Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T. New satiety hormone nesfatin-1 protects gastric mucosa against stress-induced injury: mechanistic roles of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, sensory nerves and vanilloid receptors. Peptides 2013; 49:9-20. [PMID: 23978788 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 belongs to a family of anorexigenic peptides, which are responsible for satiety and are identified in the neurons and endocrine cells within the gut. These peptides have been implicated in the control of food intake; however, very little is known concerning its contribution to gastric secretion and gastric mucosal integrity. In this study the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric secretion and gastric lesions induced in rats by 3.5h of water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) were determined. Exogenous nesfatin-1 (5-40μg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased gastric acid secretion and attenuated gastric lesions induced by WRS, and this was accompanied by a significant rise in plasma NUCB2/nefatin-1 levels, the gastric mucosal blood flow (GBF), luminal NO concentration, generation of PGE2 in the gastric mucosa, an overexpression of mRNA for NUBC2 and cNOS, as well as a suppression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs. Nesfatin-1-induced protection was attenuated by suppression of COX-1 and COX-2 activity, the inhibition of NOS with L-NNA, the deactivation of afferent nerves with neurotoxic doses of capsaicin, and the pretreatment with capsazepine to inhibit vanilloid VR1 receptors. This study shows for the first time that nesfatin-1 exerts a potent protective action in the stomach of rats exposed to WRS and these effects depend upon decrease in gastric secretion, hyperemia mediated by COX-PG and NOS-NO systems, the activation of vagal and sensory nerves and vanilloid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Szlachcic
- Department of Physiology Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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157
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Stengel A, Mori M, Taché Y. The role of nesfatin-1 in the regulation of food intake and body weight: recent developments and future endeavors. Obes Rev 2013; 14:859-70. [PMID: 23980879 PMCID: PMC3810163 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 was discovered in 2006 and introduced as a potential novel anorexigenic modulator of food intake and body weight. The past years have witnessed increasing evidence establishing nesfatin-1 as a potent physiological inhibitor of food intake and body weight and unravelled nesfatin-1's interaction with other brain transmitters to exert its food consumption inhibitory effect. As observed for other anorexigenic brain neuropeptides, nesfatin-1 is also likely to exert additional, if not pleiotropic, actions in the brain and periphery. Recent studies established the prominent expression of the nesfatin-1 precursor, nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), in the stomach and pancreas, where nesfatin-1 influences endocrine secretion. This review will highlight the current experimental state-of-knowledge on the effects of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 on food intake, body weight and glucose homeostasis. Potential implications in human obesity will be discussed in relation to the evidence of changes in circulating levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in disease states, the occurrence of genetic NUCB2 polymorphisms and--in contrast to several other hormones--the independence of leptin signalling known to be blunted under conditions of chronically increased body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division for General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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158
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Bonnet MS, Ouelaa W, Tillement V, Trouslard J, Jean A, Gonzalez BJ, Gourcerol G, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD, Mounien L. Gastric distension activates NUCB2/nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 187:17-23. [PMID: 24120633 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem structures such as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) are essential for the digestive function of the stomach. A large number of neurotransmitters including glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are involved in the central control of gastric functions. However, the neuropeptidergic systems implicated in this process remain undetermined. Nesfatin-1 was recently identified as a neuropeptide cleaved from the N-terminal part of NEFA/nucleobindin 2 precursor (NUCB2). Central administration of this neuropeptide inhibits food consumption and gastroduodenal motility in rodents. Interestingly, the NTS and the DMNX contain a dense population of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 cell bodies. These observations led us to investigate the possible involvement of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the brainstem neuronal pathways that modulate gastric functions. We observed an activation of NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons after gastric distention in rats. In addition, we found that several NTS NUCB2/nesfatinergic neurons were GABAergic. Finally, when fluorogold was injected at the stomach level, many retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the DMNX which were also positive for NUCB2/nesfatin-1. Taken together, these observations suggest for the first time that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons of the NTS are sensitive to gastric distension and then may contribute to the satiety signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S Bonnet
- Physiology and Physiopathology of Motor and Autonomic Nervous Systems (PPSN, EA4667), University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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159
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Abstract
The recently discovered nesfatin-1 is regulated by hunger and satiety. The precursor protein NUCB2 is proteolytically cleaved into three resulting fragments: nesfatin-1, nesfatin-2, and nesfatin-3. The middle segment of nesfatin-1 (M30) is responsible for limiting food intake, while the exact physiological role of nesfatin-2 and nesfatin-3 are not currently known yet. This hormone plays role/roles on diabetic hyperphagia, epilepsy, mood, stress, sleeping, anxiety, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and reproductive functions. This review will address nesfatin, focusing on its discovery and designation, biochemical structure, scientific evidence of its anorexigenic character, the results of the human and animal studies until the present day, its main biochemical and physiological effects, and its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey,
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160
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Li ZL, Xu L, Sun XR, Guo FF, Gong YL, Gao SL. Central nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of ghrelin-responsive gastric distension neurons in the arcuate nucleus and reduces gastric motility in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:3636-43. [PMID: 24289827 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the novel satiety peptide nesfatin-1 has been shown to regulate gastric motility, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. The study aimed to explore the effects of nesfatin-1 on ghrelin-responsive gastric distension (GD) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), and potential regulation mechanisms of gastric motility by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Single-unit discharges in the Arc were recorded extracellularly, and gastric motility in conscious rats was monitored during the administration of nesfatin-1 to the Arc or electrical stimulation of the PVN. Retrograde tracing and fluo-immunohistochemistry staining were used to determine NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neuronal projections. Nesfatin-1 inhibited most of the ghrelin-responsive GD-excitatory neurons, but excited ghrelin-responsive GD-inhibitory neurons in the Arc. Gastric motility was significantly reduced by nesfatin-1 administration to the Arc in a dose-dependent manner. The firing activity in the Arc and changes to gastric motility were partly reduced by SHU9119, an antagonist of melanocortin 3/4 receptors. Electrical stimulation of PVN excited most of the ghrelin-responsive GD neurons in the Arc and promoted gastric motility. Nonetheless, pretreatment with an anti-NUCB2/nesfatin-1 antibody in the Arc further increased the firing rate of most of the ghrelin-responsive GD-excitatory neurons and decreased the ghrelin-responsive GD-inhibitory neurons following electrical stimulation of the PVN. Gastric motility was enhanced by pretreatment with an anti-NUCB2/nesfatin-1 antibody in the Arc following PVN stimulation. Furthermore, NUCB2/nesfatin-1/fluorogold double-labeled neurons were detected in the PVN. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 could serve as an inhibitory factor in the Arc to regulate gastric motility via the melanocortin pathway. The PVN could be involved in the regulation of the Arc in gastric activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-ling Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
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161
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Osaki A, Shimizu H. Peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 increases blood pressure in mice. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:185-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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162
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Çatli G, Abaci A, Anik A, Böber E. Low serum nesfatin-1 levels may be a contributing factor for monogenic obesity due to prohormone convertase 1 deficiency. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:172-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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163
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Nesfatin-1 induces Fos expression and elicits dipsogenic responses in subfornical organ. Behav Brain Res 2013; 250:343-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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164
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Dai H, Li X, He T, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Xing M, Sun W, Ding H. Decreased plasma nesfatin-1 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Peptides 2013; 46:167-71. [PMID: 23806888 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorexigenic hormone which has close relationship with diabetes, obese, anorexia nervosa, psychiatric disorders and neurogenic diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate levels of plasma nesfatin-1 among patients presenting with coronary artery disease and the correlation between nesfatin-1 levels and other clinical parameters. Fasting plasma levels of nesfatin-1 were tested in 48 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, 74 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients and 34 control subjects. All of them were examined by coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using the Gensini score. Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in AMI group than SAP group or control group (0.91±0.08 ng/mL vs. 0.98±0.19 ng/mL and 1.09±0.39 ng/mL, respectively, P<0.05). In AMI patients, plasma nesfatin-1 levels were negatively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, neutrophil% or Gensini scores. Such information implies that lower nesfatin-1 concentration may play a very important role in the development of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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165
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Jia FY, Li XL, Li TN, Wu J, Xie BY, Lin L. Role of nesfatin-1 in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3487-3493. [PMID: 23801843 PMCID: PMC3683689 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i22.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of nesfatin-1 on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like visceral hypersensitivity.
METHODS: The animal model of IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity was induced by intracolonic infusion of 0.5% acetic acid (AA) in saline once daily from postnatal days 8-21. Experiments were performed when rats became adults. The visceral sensitivity of rats was evaluated by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the external oblique muscle to graded colorectal distension. The content of nesfatin-1 in serum was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After implantation of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula and two electrodes into the external oblique muscle, model rats were randomly divided into four groups. Animals then received ICV injection of 8 μg of anti-nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), 50 μg of α-helical corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) 9-41 (non-selective CRF receptor antagonist), 50 μg of NBI-27914 (selective CRF1 receptor antagonist) or 5 μL of vehicle. After 1 h of ICV administration, visceral sensitivity of each group was measured again, and comparisons between groups were made.
RESULTS: Rats treated with AA showed higher mean AWR scores and EMG activity at all distension pressures compared with controls (P < 0.05). On histopathologic examination, no evidence of inflammation or abnormalities in structure were noted in the colon of either control or AA-treated groups. Myeloperoxidase values were not significantly different between the two groups. The level of nesfatin-1 in serum was significantly higher in the AA-treated group than in the control group (5.34 ± 0.37 ng/mL vs 4.81 ± 0.42 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Compared with rats injected with vehicle, rats which received ICV anti-nesfatin-1/NUCB2, α-helical CRF9-41 or NBI-27914 showed decreased mean AWR scores and EMG activity at all distension pressures (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Nesfatin-1 may be associated with IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity, which may be implicated in brain CRF/CRF1 signaling pathways.
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166
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Abstract
Ingestion of food affects the secretion of hormones from specialized endocrine cells scattered within the intestinal mucosa. Upon release, these hormones mostly decrease food intake by signaling information to the brain. Although enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine were thought to represent the predominant gut-brain regulators of food intake, recent advances also established a major role for gastric hormones in these regulatory pathways. First and foremost, the gastric endocrine X/A-like cell was in the focus of many studies due to the production of ghrelin, which is until now the only known orexigenic hormone that is peripherally produced and centrally acting. Although X/A-cells were initially thought to only release one hormone that stimulates food intake, this view has changed with the identification of additional peptide products also derived from this cell, namely desacyl ghrelin, obestatin, and nesfatin-1. Desacyl ghrelin may play a counter-regulatory role to the food intake stimulatory effect of ghrelin. The same property was suggested for obestatin; however, this hypothesis could not be confirmed in numerous subsequent studies. Moreover, the description of the stomach as the major source of the novel anorexigenic hormone nesfatin-1 derived from the NUCB2 gene further corroborated the assumption that the gastric X/A-like cell products are not only stimulant but also inhibitors of feeding, thereby acting as so far unique dual regulator of food intake located in a logistically important place where the gastrointestinal tract has initial contact with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Division Psychosomatic Medicine, Obesity Center Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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167
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Li WN, Tian ZB, Wei LZ, Sun GR, Zhang CP, Ge YL, Xu L. Expression of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in gastrointestinal tissues of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:320-326. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of the NUCB2 gene and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein in gastrointestinal tissues of obese and normal rats.
METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups to be fed a high-fat diet or a normal diet. At the end of eight weeks, gastric, duodenal, small intestinal and colonic tissues were collected to detect the expression of NUCB2 mRNA and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
RESULTS: The expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in gastric, duodenal, and small intestinal tissues of obese rats were 2.02, 1.49 and 1.23 times higher than those in corresponding tissues of normal controls (t = 4.256, 3.455, 2.402; P = 0.000, 0.002, 0.026), showing a significant positive correlation with Lee's index (r = 0.677, 0.561, 0.538; P = 0.006, 0.030, 0.039); however, the expression level of NUCB2 mRNA in colonic tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups (t = 1.835, P = 0.077). NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein was localized in the lower 2/3 of gastric mucosal glands, Brunner's glands and Paneth cells of the duodenum, and Paneth cells of the small intestine. The expression level of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein in gastric tissues was significantly increased in obese rats compared with normal controls (Z = -2.955, P = 0.003), and was positively correlated with Lee's index (r = 0.677, P = 0.008). The expression level of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein in Paneth cells of the duodenum and small intestine in obese rats significantly decreased compared with normal controls (Z = -2.026, -2.648; P = 0.043, 0.008), showing a significant negative correlation with Lee's index (r = -0.557, -0.617; P = 0.031, 0.014).
CONCLUSION: NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is widely expressed in gastrointestinal tissues of rats, and the expression of NUCB2 mRNA and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein is up-regulated in gastric tissues of obese rats, while NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein is down-regulated in Paneth cells in obese rats.
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Angelone T, Filice E, Pasqua T, Amodio N, Galluccio M, Montesanti G, Quintieri AM, Cerra MC. Nesfatin-1 as a novel cardiac peptide: identification, functional characterization, and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:495-509. [PMID: 22955491 PMCID: PMC11113865 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an anorexic nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived hypothalamic peptide. It controls feeding behavior, water intake, and glucose homeostasis. If intracerebrally administered, it induces hypertension, thus suggesting a role in central cardiovascular control. However, it is not known whether it is able to directly control heart performance. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that, as in the case of other hypothalamic satiety peptides, Nesfatin-1 acts as a peripheral cardiac modulator. By western blotting and QT-PCR, we identified the presence of both Nesfatin-1 protein and NUCB2 mRNA in rat cardiac extracts. On isolated and Langendorff-perfused rat heart preparations, we found that exogenous Nesfatin-1 depresses contractility and relaxation without affecting coronary motility. These effects did not involve Nitric oxide, but recruited the particulate guanylate cyclase (pGC) known as natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), protein kinase G (PKG) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2). Co-immunoprecipitation and bioinformatic analyses supported an interaction between Nesfatin-1 and NPR-A. Lastly, we preliminarily observed, through post-conditioning experiments, that Nesfatin-1 protects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase release, and postischemic contracture. This protection involves multiple prosurvival kinases such as PKCε, ERK1/2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. It also ameliorates contractility recovery. Our data indicate that: (1) the heart expresses Nesfatin-1, (2) Nesfatin-1 directly affects myocardial performance, possibly involving pGC-linked NPR-A, the pGC/PKG pathway, and ERK1/2, (3) the peptide protects the heart against I/R injury. Results pave the way to include Nesfatin-1 in the neuroendocrine modulators of the cardiac function, also encouraging the clarification of its clinical potential in the presence of nutrition-dependent physio-pathologic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Angelone
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - E. Filice
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - T. Pasqua
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - N. Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M. Galluccio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - G. Montesanti
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - A. M. Quintieri
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
| | - M. C. Cerra
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, CS Italy
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169
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Iwasaki Y, Kakei M, Nakabayashi H, Ayush EA, Hirano-Kodaira M, Maejima Y, Yada T. Pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY3-36 induce Ca2+ signaling in nodose ganglion neurons. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:19-23. [PMID: 22944736 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral injection of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)), the hormones released in response to meals, reduce food intake, in which the rank order of the potency is PP>PYY(3-36). These anorectic effects are abolished in abdominal vagotomized rats, suggesting that PP and PYY(3-36) induce anorexia via vagal afferent nerves. However, it is not clear whether PP and PYY(3-36) directly act on vagal afferent neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of PP and PYY(3-36) on cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated nodose ganglion neurons of the mouse vagal afferent nerves. At 10(-11)M, PP but not PYY(3-36) recruited a significant population of nodose ganglion neurons into [Ca(2+)](i) increases. PP at 10(-11) to 10(-7) and PYY(3-36) at 10(-10) to 10(-7)M increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. At submaximal to maximal concentrations of 10(-10) and 10(-8)M, PP increased [Ca(2+)](i) in approximately twice greater population of nodose ganglion neurons than PYY(3-36). Furthermore, the majority of PP-responsive neurons also exhibited [Ca(2+)](i) responses to cholecystokinin-8, a hormone known to induce satiety through activating nodose ganglion neurons. The results demonstrate that PP and PYY(3-36) directly activate nodose ganglion neurons and suggest that the marked effect of PP on cholecystokinin-8-responsive nodose ganglion neurons could be linked to the regulation of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 320-0498, Japan
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170
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Cohen RI, Ginsberg N, Tsang D, Wann LC, Ye X, Liu SF. Association of nesfatin-1 and fat mass in cystic fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 86:312-7. [PMID: 23306670 DOI: 10.1159/000345375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of fat mass (FM) loss in cystic fibrosis (CF) are poorly understood but could represent complex pathways involving dysregulation of appetite-modulating peptides and an amplified inflammatory response. Nesfatin-1 is a newly described peptide that decreases food intake and FM but has not been studied in CF. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that changes in the appetite-suppressing hormone nesfatin-1 would be physiological, and levels would be lower in advanced CF patients with lower FM compared to those with milder disease and healthy controls. We determined the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as they have been associated with weight loss in disease states. METHODS Fifty-four adult CF subjects, i.e. 17 with severe, 22 with moderate, and 15 with mild disease, as well as 18 controls were recruited. PFT and body composition analysis (via bioelectrical impedance) were performed. Nesfatin-1 and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Contrary to our proposed hypothesis, nesfatin-1 levels were highest in CF patients with severe disease and the lowest FM. A significant negative correlation between nesfatin-1 levels and FM was found only in the severe CF group (r = -0.7, p = 0.003). In forward stepwise regression analysis, only FM was significantly associated with nesfatin-1 levels. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the severe CF group, but there was no association with either FM or nesfatin-1. CONCLUSION In advanced CF and low FM, nesfatin-1 plasma levels are significantly increased and inversely correlated with the FM. Our results further suggest that nesfatin-1 exerts its effects independently of TNF-α or IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin I Cohen
- The Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, N.Y., USA
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171
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Bonnet MS, Djelloul M, Tillement V, Tardivel C, Mounien L, Trouslard J, Troadec JD, Dallaporta M. Central NUCB2/Nesfatin-1-expressing neurones belong to the hypothalamic-brainstem circuitry activated by hypoglycaemia. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1-13. [PMID: 22958274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified 82 amino acid peptide shown to have an anorexigenic effect on rodents when administrered centrally and peripherally. Nesfatin-1 is expressed not only in neurones of various brain areas, including the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei, but also in peripheral organs, such as the stomach and the pancreas. Nesfatinergic neurones were reported to participate in the regulation of satiety signals and in the responses to other stimuli, including restraint stress, abdominal surgery, and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate whether NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expressing neurones also take part in the central signalling activated in response to hypoglycaemia and therefore are involved in central glucose sensing. Using immunolabelling methods based on the detection of the neuronal activation marker c-Fos and of nesfatin-1, we showed that peripheral injection of insulin induced a strong activation of nesfatin-1-expressing neurones in the brain vagal-regulatory nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) and nucleus of the tractus solitarius. In response to intracellular glucopaenia induced by i.p. or i.c.v. 2-deoxyglucose injection, the c-Fos/nesfatin-1 colocalisations observed at the hypothalamic and brainstem levels were similar to those observed after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Moreover, using Fluorogold as a retrograde tracer, we showed that nesfatinergic preganglionic DMNX neurones activated by hypoglycaemia target the stomach and the pancreas. Taken together, these results suggest that a subpopulation of nesfatinergic neurones belongs to the central network activated by hypoglycaemia, and that nesfatin-1 participates in the triggering of physiological and hormonal counter-regulations observed in response to hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bonnet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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172
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Cao X, Liu XM, Zhou LH. Recent progress in research on the distribution and function of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in peripheral tissues. Endocr J 2013; 60:1021-7. [PMID: 23955480 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a polypeptide derived from the posttranslational processing of the N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), that was originally identified as an anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide. A number of reports have recently shown that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is widely expressed in various peripheral tissues, including those of the gastrointestinal tract where it may participate in various pathophysiological processes. One of its roles may be regulation of energy homeostasis. As a result, nesfatin-1 may be a novel target for exploring the underlying mechanisms and the treatment of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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173
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Shimizu H, Mori M. Nesfatin-1: its role in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and some psychiatric disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 963:327-338. [PMID: 23296620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-230-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We discovered a new anorexigenic protein, nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), which includes an EF-hand, calcium-binding motif. Nesfatin/NUCB2 is converted to nesfatin-1, which may be a physiologically active form in the body. Centrally and systemically administered nesfatin-1 inhibits appetite and body weight gain in rodents. The mid-segment of nesfatin-1 appears to be important in the inhibition of food intake. Intranasal administration of the mid-segment inhibits appetite. Nesfatin-1 may also be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal function and insulin secretion. We have summarized the recent progress in the research of nesfatin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
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174
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Chen YY, Chan RME, Tan KML, Poh LKS, Loke KY, Wang JP, Li H, Hu YH, Wang L, Lee KO, Li GW, Lee YS. The association of a nucleobindin 2 gene (NUCB2) variant with childhood adiposity. Gene 2012; 516:48-52. [PMID: 23266808 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) is a precursor of nesfatin-1, a hypothalamic anorectic neuropeptide. The association between variants of the NUCB2 gene and adiposity was examined. 142 severely obese Chinese children in Singapore, and 384 normal weight Chinese children from a longitudinal cohort from Da Qing, China, were studied. NUCB2 was screened using PCR and direct sequencing in 29 severely obese children and 24 non-obese children, then screened for a variant c.1012C>G (Q338E, or rs757081) in the rest of the cohort using TaqMan probe. Five variants, including c.1012C>G (Q338E) were found. Genotyping for c.1012C>G found that the GG genotype was significantly less frequent in the obese group; odds ratio for obese subjects carrying the CC and CG genotypes was 2.29 (95% CI 1.17-4.49) in the dominant model, CC genotype 2.86 (95% CI 1.41-5.81) in the additive model, and C allele 1.57 (95% CI 1.17-2.1). The findings were replicated in an independent cohort of 372 obese and 390 normal weight Chinese children, where the odds ratio of obese subjects with CC and CG genotypes was 1.69 (95% CI 1.12-2.55). Within the Da Qing cohort, subjects with the GG genotype had significantly lower BMI and percentage ideal weight for height (WFH) at 5 and 8years of age. Subjects with lower birth weights also had more pronounced difference in WFH and BMI at 5 and 10years of age between GG subjects versus CC/CG subjects. We postulate that GG genotype is protective against excessive weight gain, and factors which predispose to excessive weight gain such as higher birth weights may ameliorate the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Chen
- Endocrinology and Cardiovascular disease Center, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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175
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Ishida E, Hashimoto K, Shimizu H, Okada S, Satoh T, Kato I, Yamada M, Mori M. Nesfatin-1 induces the phosphorylation levels of cAMP response element-binding protein for intracellular signaling in a neural cell line. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50918. [PMID: 23236405 PMCID: PMC3516497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorexic peptide that reduces the food intake of rodents when administered either intraventricularly or intraperitoneally. However, the molecular mechanism of intracellular signaling via Nesfatin-1 is yet to be resolved. In the current study, we investigated the ability of different neuronal cell lines to respond to Nesfatin-1 and further elucidated the signal transduction pathway of Nesfatin-1. To achieve this, we transfected several cell lines with various combinations of reporter vectors containing different kinds of response elements and performed reporter assays with Nesfatin-1, its active midsegment encoding 30 amino acid residues (M30) and M30-derived mutants. Notably, we found that both Nesfatin-1 as well as M30, significantly increased cAMP response element (CRE) reporter activity in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, NB41A3. An antagonist of Melanocortin 3/4 receptor, SHU9119, aborted the promoter activity, and a mutant M30, which exerts no anorexic effect in vivo did not induce the CRE reporter activity in NB41A3 cells. Western blotting analyses revealed that Nesfatin-1 and M30 significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of CRE-binding protein (CREB), without altering the intracellular cAMP levels. Further, our study showed that a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor and an L-type Calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker abolished the M30-induced CREB phosphorylation. Furthermore, the radio-receptor assay revealed that 125I-Nesfatin-1 binds in a saturable fashion to the membrane fractions of the mouse hypothalamus and NB41A3 cells, with Kd values of 0.79 nM and 0.17 nM, respectively. Collectively, our findings indicate the presence of a Nesfatin-1-specific receptor on the cell surface of NB41A3 cells and mouse hypothalamus. Our study highlights that Nesfatin-1, via its receptor, induces the phosphorylation of CREB, thus activating the intracellular signaling cascade in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ishida
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Satoh
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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176
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Iwasaki Y, Yada T. Vagal afferents sense meal-associated gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones: mechanism and physiological role. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:291-7. [PMID: 23020951 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones are potently secreted by meal intake and reduce food intake, therefore these hormones play a role in the meal-evoked satiety peptides. Previous reports have demonstrated that peripheral administration of these gastrointestinal or pancreatic hormones decrease feeding and the anorectic effects are abolished by lesions of vagal afferent nerves using surgical or chemical protocols, indicative of the involvement of the vagal afferents. Vagal afferent nerves link between several peripheral organs and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. The present review focuses on cholecystokinin, peptide YY(3-36), pancreatic polypeptide, and nesfatin-1 released from endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas. These hormonal peptides directly act on and increase cytosolic Ca(2+) in vagal afferent nodose ganglion neurons and finally suppress food intake via vagal afferents. Therefore, peripheral terminals of vagal afferents could sense gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones and regulate food intake. Here, we review how the vagal afferent neurons sense a variety of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones and discuss its physiological significance in regulation of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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177
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Zegers D, Beckers S, de Freitas F, Jennes K, Van Camp JK, Mertens IL, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Rooman RP, Desager KN, Massa G, Van Gaal LF, Van Hul W. Identification of mutations in the NUCB2/nesfatin gene in children with severe obesity. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:729-34. [PMID: 23141462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is the N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) that was identified as a novel satiety molecule in rodents. The protein is reported to exert anorexigenic effects and appears to play an important role in hypothalamic pathways regulating energy homeostasis and food intake. In this study, we hypothesized that mutations in the nesfatin encoding gene NUCB2 might cause obesity in humans. Therefore, we screened the entire coding region of the NUCB2 gene for mutations in a population of 471 obese children and adolescents. Mutation analysis of NUCB2 identified a total of seven sequence variants of which four were previously reported as polymorphisms. The remaining three variants included ex9+6G>C, L125H and K178X and were found in 3 unrelated individuals in the obese population only (0.6%). Biochemical experiments including ELISA and western blot were performed on plasma samples of the obese patient carrying the nonsense mutation K178X. However, neither NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactive plasma levels of the patient, nor expression of full length NUCB2 differed significantly from matched obese control individuals. In conclusion, we have identified the first genetic variants in the NUCB2 gene in obese individuals, although further functional characterization will be essential to verify disease causality of the mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Zegers
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Boutsikou T, Briana DD, Boutsikou M, Kafalidis G, Piatopoulou D, Baka S, Hassiakos D, Gourgiotis D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Cord blood nesfatin-1 in large for gestational age pregnancies. Cytokine 2012. [PMID: 23178145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible alterations in cord blood levels of adipokine nesfatin-1 (secreted by adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cells and implicated in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance), as well as insulin, in large (LGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies, granted that these groups differ in body fat mass and metabolic/endocrine mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cord blood nesfatin-1 and insulin concentrations were prospectively measured in 40 LGA (9 born from diabetic and 31 from non-diabetic mothers) and 20 AGA singleton full-term infants as well as their mothers. RESULTS Cord blood nesfatin-1 concentrations were significantly lower in LGA compared to AGA neonates (b=-0.206, SE 0.07, p=0.005). However, cord blood nesfatin-1 concentrations were elevated in infants born from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compared to those born from non-diabetic mothers, after controlling for group (b=0.190, SE 0.10, p=0.05). Finally, cord blood nesfatin-1 concentrations were lower in cases of vaginal delivery (b=0.11, SE 0.05, p=0.042). Insulin levels were significantly elevated, as customized centiles increased (b=0.004, SE=0.002, p=0.016). No significant correlation was found between insulin and nesfatin-1 in maternal and umbilical cord levels. CONCLUSIONS In this study nesfatin-1 levels are decreased in LGA compared to AGA fetuses. Fetal nesfatin-1 concentrations are higher in cases of GDM and cord blood nesfatin-1 concentrations are lower in cases of vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Division, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens University, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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179
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Gaigé S, Bonnet MS, Tardivel C, Pinton P, Trouslard J, Jean A, Guzylack L, Troadec JD, Dallaporta M. c-Fos immunoreactivity in the pig brain following deoxynivalenol intoxication: focus on NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expressing neurons. Neurotoxicology 2012; 34:135-49. [PMID: 23164930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by the cereal-contaminating Fusarium fungi, is a major trichothecene responsible for mycotoxicoses in farm animals, including swine. The main effect of DON-intoxication is food intake reduction and the consequent body weight loss. The present study aimed to identify brain structures activated during DON intoxication in pigs. To this goal, we used c-Fos staining which constitutes a useful approach to identify activated neurons. We showed that per os administration of Fusarium graminearum extracts (containing the equivalent of 1mg DON per kg of body weight) induced an increase in c-Fos immunoreactivity in several central structures, including the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), dorsal vagal complex (DVC), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (Arc), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and amygdala (CeA). Moreover, we coupled c-Fos staining with phenotypic markers detection in order to specify the neuronal populations activated during DON intoxication. This phenotypic characterization revealed the activation of catecholaminergic but not of serotoninergic neurons in response to the toxin. In this context, we also paid a particular attention to NUCB2/nesfatin-1 positive cells, since nesfatin-1 is known to exert a satiety effect. We report here, for the first time in the pig brain, the presence of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the VLM, DVC, PVN, Arc and SON, and their activation during DON intoxication. Taken together, these data show that DON stimulates the main structures involved in food intake in pigs and suggest that catecholaminergic and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons could contribute in the anorexigenic effects of the mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Gaigé
- EA 4674, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Somato-Moteur et Neurovégétatif, FST St. Jérôme, Aix-Marseille Université, 13013 Marseille, France
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Bonnet MS, Roux J, Mounien L, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD. Advances in deoxynivalenol toxicity mechanisms: the brain as a target. Toxins (Basel) 2012. [PMID: 23202308 PMCID: PMC3509700 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), mainly produced by Fusarium fungi, and also commonly called vomitoxin, is a trichothecene mycotoxin. It is one of the most abundant trichothecenes which contaminate cereals consumed by farm animals and humans. The extent of cereal contamination is strongly associated with rainfall and moisture at the time of flowering and with grain storage conditions. DON consumption may result in intoxication, the severity of which is dose-dependent and may lead to different symptoms including anorexia, vomiting, reduced weight gain, neuroendocrine changes, immunological effects, diarrhea, leukocytosis, hemorrhage or circulatory shock. During the last two decades, many studies have described DON toxicity using diverse animal species as a model. While the action of the toxin on peripheral organs and tissues is well documented, data illustrating its effect on the brain are significantly less abundant. Yet, DON is known to affect the central nervous system. Recent studies have provided new evidence and detail regarding the action of the toxin on the brain. The purpose of the present review is to summarize critical studies illustrating this central action of the toxin and to suggest research perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion S. Bonnet
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Julien Roux
- Biomeostasis, Contract Research Organization, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Marseilles 13397, France;
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Michel Dallaporta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Jean-Denis Troadec
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Somatomotor and Autonomic Nervous System, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Escadrille Normandie-Niemen Avenue, Aix-Marseilles University, Marseilles 13397, France; (M.S.B.); (L.M.); (M.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel: +33-491-288-948; Fax: +33-491-288-885
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181
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Gonzalez R, Shepperd E, Thiruppugazh V, Lohan S, Grey CL, Chang JP, Unniappan S. Nesfatin-1 Regulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Fish1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:84. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.099630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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182
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Başar Ö, Akbal E, Köklü S, Koçak E, Tuna Y, Ekiz F, Gültuna S, Yιlmaz FM, Aydoğan T. A novel appetite peptide, nesfatin-1 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012; 72:479-83. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.699097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yang M, Zhang Z, Wang C, Li K, Li S, Boden G, Li L, Yang G. Nesfatin-1 action in the brain increases insulin sensitivity through Akt/AMPK/TORC2 pathway in diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 2012; 61:1959-68. [PMID: 22688332 PMCID: PMC3402309 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, derived from nucleobindin 2, was recently identified as an anorexigenic signal peptide. However, its neural role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity is unknown. To evaluate the metabolic impact and underlying mechanisms of central nesfatin-1 signaling, we infused nesfatin-1 in the third cerebral ventricle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The effects of central nesfatin-1 on glucose metabolism and changes in transcription factors and signaling pathways were assessed during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamping. The infusion of nesfatin-1 into the third cerebral ventricle markedly inhibited hepatic glucose production (HGP), promoted muscle glucose uptake, and was accompanied by decreases in hepatic mRNA and protein expression and enzymatic activity of PEPCK in both standard diet- and HFD-fed rats. In addition, central nesfatin-1 increased insulin receptor (InsR)/insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)/Akt kinase (Akt)/target of rapamycin complex (TORC) 2 phosphorylation and resulted in an increase in Fos immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic nuclei that mediate glucose homeostasis. Taken together, these results reveal what we believe to be a novel site of action of nesfatin-1 on HGP and the PEPCK/InsR/IRS-1/AMPK/Akt/TORC2 pathway and suggest that hypothalamic nesfatin-1 action through a neural-mediated pathway can contribute to increased peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity by decreasing gluconeogenesis and promoting peripheral glucose uptake in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guenther Boden
- Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Clinical Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding authors: Gangyi Yang, , and Ling Li,
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Corresponding authors: Gangyi Yang, , and Ling Li,
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184
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Mimee A, Smith PM, Ferguson AV. Nesfatin-1 influences the excitability of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and regulates cardiovascular function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1297-304. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00266.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 has been identified as one of the most potent centrally acting anorexigenic peptides, and it has also been shown to play important roles in the control of cardiovascular function. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have revealed the expression of nesfatin-1 throughout the brain and, in particular, in the medullary autonomic gateway known as the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The present study was thus undertaken to explore the cellular correlates and functional roles of nesfatin-1 actions in the medial NTS (mNTS). Using current-clamp electrophysiology recordings from mNTS neurons in slice preparation, we show that bath-applied nesfatin-1 directly influences the excitability of the majority of mNTS neurons by eliciting either depolarizing (42%, mean: 7.8 ± 0.8 mV) or hyperpolarizing (21%, mean: −8. 2 ± 1.0 mV) responses. These responses were observed in all electrophysiologically defined cell types in the NTS and were site specific and concentration dependent. Furthermore, post hoc single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction revealed a depolarizing action of nesfatin-1 on NPY and nucleobindin-2-expressing mNTS neurons. We have also correlated these actions of nesfatin-1 on neuronal membrane potential with physiological outcomes, using in vivo microinjection techniques to demonstrate that nesfatin-1 microinjected into the mNTS induces significant increases in both blood pressure (mean AUC = 3354.1 ± 750.7 mmHg·s, n = 6) and heart rate (mean AUC = 164.8 ± 78.5 beats, n = 6) in rats. Our results provide critical insight into the circuitry and physiology involved in the profound effects of nesfatin-1 and highlight the NTS as a key structure mediating these autonomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mimee
- Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline M. Smith
- Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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185
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Stengel A, Goebel-Stengel M, Wang L, Kato I, Mori M, Taché Y. Nesfatin-1(30-59) but not the N- and C-terminal fragments, nesfatin-1(1-29) and nesfatin-1(60-82) injected intracerebroventricularly decreases dark phase food intake by increasing inter-meal intervals in mice. Peptides 2012; 35:143-8. [PMID: 22682899 PMCID: PMC3372867 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is an 82 amino acid N-terminal fragment of nucleobindin2 that was consistently shown to reduce dark phase food intake upon brain injection in rodents. We recently reported that nesfatin-1(1-82) injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) reduces dark phase feeding in mice. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of mid-fragment nesfatin-1 (nesfatin-1(30-59)) mimics the food intake-reducing effects of nesfatin-1(1-82), whereas N-terminal (nesfatin-1(1-29)) and C-terminal fragments (nesfatin-1(60-82)) did not. We therefore characterized the structure-activity relationship of nesfatin-1 injected icv to influence the dark phase meal pattern in mice. Mouse nesfatin-1(1-29), nesfatin-1(30-59), nesfatin-1(60-82) or vehicle was injected icv in freely fed C57Bl/6 mice immediately before the dark phase and food intake was monitored using an automated episodic feeding monitoring system. Nesfatin-1(30-59) (0.1, 0.3, 0.9 nmol/mouse) induced a dose-related reduction of 4-h food intake by 28%, 49% and 49% respectively resulting in a 23% decreased cumulative 24-h food intake compared to vehicle at the 0.3 nmol/mouse dose (p<0.05). The peak reduction occurred during the 3rd (-96%) and 4th hour (-91%) post injection and was associated with a reduced meal frequency (0-4h: -47%) and prolonged inter-meal intervals (3.1-times) compared to vehicle (p<0.05), whereas meal size was not altered. In contrast, neither nesfatin-1(1-29) nor nesfatin-1(60-82) reduced dark phase food intake at equimolar doses although nesfatin-1(60-82) prolonged inter-meal intervals (1.7-times, p<0.05). Nesfatin-1(30-59) is the active core of nesfatin-1(1-82) to induce satiety indicated by a reduced meal number during the first 4h post injection. The delayed onset may be indicative of time required to modulate other hypothalamic and medullary networks regulating nocturnal feeding as established for nesfatin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veteran Affaires Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Obesity Center Berlin, Division Psychosomatic Medicine; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Goebel-Stengel
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veteran Affaires Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Neurogastroenterology and Motility; Martin-Luther Hospital, Academic Teaching Institution of Charité – University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lixin Wang
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veteran Affaires Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles and Veteran Affaires Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA USA
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186
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Osaki A, Shimizu H, Ishizuka N, Suzuki Y, Mori M, Inoue S. Enhanced expression of nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 in white adipose tissue of ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned rats. Neurosci Lett 2012; 521:46-51. [PMID: 22641054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic protein, is ubiquitously expressed in the body. However, the exact mechanism underlying the in vivo regulation of production of nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), a precursor protein of nesfatin-1, is unknown. We investigated the influence of modulation of autonomic nerve activity by a ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesion and the subsequent effect on nesfatin/NUCB2 production in rat tissues innervated by the peripheral nervous system. Nesfatin/NUCB2 is strongly expressed in the pancreas and liver, moderately expressed in subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), but is weakly expressed in the skeletal muscles. Our study results showed that the VMH lesion in VMH-lesioned rats did not affect nesfatin/NUCB2 expression in the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and iBAT; however, the protein expression was significantly high in both subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues. In addition, continuous peripheral administration of carbachol for 5 days did not affect nesfatin/NUCB2 expression, but chemical sympathectomy using 6-hydroxydopamine mimicked the effect of VMH lesion by showing significantly high nesfatin/NUCB2 expression in the subcutaneous fat tissues. These results show that VMH lesion can modulate the autonomic nervous system activity and balance and increase nesfatin/NUCB2 expression in white adipose tissues of rats. Further, this action may be mediated via inhibition of the sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osaki
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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187
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Li JH, Li XL, Wu J, Jia FY, Lin L. Nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric acid secretion by cultured rat gastric mucosa cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i13.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the effect of nesfatin-1 on gastric acid secretion and the expression of the H+/K+-ATPase mRNA and protein in rat gastric mucosa cells in vitro.
METHODS: Gastric mucosa cells were isolated from SD rats by enzymolysis and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Cultured rat gastric mucosa cells were divided into control group and nesfatin-1 group, and the nesfatin-1 group was pretreated with different concentrations (0, 10-4, 10-3, 10-2, 10-1 μmol/L) of nesfatin-1 for different durations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 h). The effect of nesfatin-1 on gastric acid secretion was investigated by monitoring 14C-aminopyrine (14C-AP) accumulation, and the expression of H+/K+-ATPase α and β subunit mRNA and protein was examined by real-time PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: Pretreatment with nesfatin-1 at a dose of 10-1 or 10-2 μmol/L for 2 or 3 h inhibited gastric acid secretion, but nesfatin-1 at a dose of 10-3 or 10-4 μmol/L had no such effect. Nesfatin-1 at a dose of 10-1 μmol/L inhibited the expression of H+/K+-ATPase α subunit mRNA after pretreatment for 1, 2, or 3 h and inhibited the expression of H+/K+-ATPase β subunit mRNAs after pretreatment for 1 or 2 h. In the dose range between 10-4 to 10-1 μmol/L, nesfatin-1 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of H+/K+-ATPase α subunit and β subunit mRNA after pretreatment for 2 h. Nesfatin-1 at a dose of 10-1 μmmol/L inhibited H+/K+-ATPase α subunit protein expression after pretreatment for 1, 2 or 3 h and inhibited H+/K+-ATPase β subunit protein expression after pretreatment for 2 or 3 h. In the dose range between 10-3 to 10-1 μmol/L, nesfatin-1 dose-dependently inhibited H+/K+-ATPase α and β subunit protein expression after pretreatment for 2 h.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric acid secretion by rat gastric mucosa cells in vitro possibly by down-regulating the expression of H+/K+-ATPase mRNA and protein..
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188
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Gonzalez R, Mohan H, Unniappan S. Nucleobindins: bioactive precursor proteins encoding putative endocrine factors? Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:341-6. [PMID: 22154814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleobindins, nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) and nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), are homologous multidomain calcium and DNA binding proteins. NUCB1 is a well-characterized Golgi protein found within the rat pituitary, liver and kidney with functions related to immunity, calcium homeostasis and G protein signaling. NUCB2 is found both in the hypothalamus and brain stem centers, as well as peripherally in the digestive tract. Renewed interest in the nucleobindins has been sparked by the recent discovery of nesfatin-1, an endocrine factor post-translationally processed from the N-terminal of NUCB2. Nesfatin-1 has quickly established itself as a novel regulator of appetite, insulin secretion, energy homeostasis and reproduction with important consequences to the etiology of metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity. The discovery of nesfatin-1 and it endocrine functions attracted more attention to the nucleobindins that are already known to have important intracellular functions. From the sequence information available, it is possible that nucelobindins itself or nesfatin-1 like peptides within the NUCB1 could also elicit nesfatin-1-like biological functions. The research on nesfatin-1 in last 5years further adds to the importance of nucleobindins as potential endocrine precursors. This review aims to summarize some of the most recent findings on the functional significance of NUCB1, NUCB2, as well as encoded proteins and highlights the questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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189
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Stengel A, Taché Y. Yin and Yang - the Gastric X/A-like Cell as Possible Dual Regulator of Food Intake. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 18:138-49. [PMID: 22523723 PMCID: PMC3325299 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2012.18.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of food affects secretion of hormones from enteroendocrine cells located in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These hormones are involved in the regulation of various gastrointestinal functions including the control of food intake. One cell in the stomach, the X/A-like has received much attention over the past years due to the production of ghrelin. Until now, ghrelin is the only known orexigenic hormone that is peripherally produced and centrally acting to stimulate food intake. Subsequently, additional peptide products of this cell have been described including desacyl ghrelin, obestatin and nesfatin-1. Desacyl ghrelin seems to be involved in the regulation of food intake as well and could play a counter-balancing role of ghrelin's orexigenic effect. In contrast, the initially proposed anorexigenic action of obestatin did not hold true and therefore the involvement of this peptide in the regulation of feeding is questionable. Lastly, the identification of nesfatin-1 in the same cell in different vesicles than ghrelin extended the function of this cell type to the inhibition of feeding. Therefore, this X/A-like cell could play a unique role by encompassing yin and yang properties to mediate not only hunger but also satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Department of Medicine, Division Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité, Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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190
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Li Z, Xu G, Li Y, Zhao J, Mulholland MW, Zhang W. mTOR-dependent modulation of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012. [PMID: 22508056 DOI: 10.1159/000338503.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nesfatin-1, an 82 amino acid peptide derived from the prohormone nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), is a novel satiety hormone acting through a leptin-independent mechanism in the hypothalamus. The mechanisms by which production of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is regulated remain unknown. METHODS Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and immunoreactivity were examined in gastric tissue and Min-6 cells by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining or Western blotting. RESULTS Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is co-localized with pS6K1, the downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in gastric X/A like cells. A parallel relationship between gastric mTOR signaling and nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was observed during changes in energy status. Both mTOR activity and gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2 were down-regulated by fasting, and returned to basal levels with re-feeding. In high fat diet induced obese mice, gastric mTOR signaling and nesfatin-1/NUCB2 were increased. Inhibition of the gastric mTOR signaling by rapamycin attenuated the expression of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in both lean and obese mice. Attenuation of mTOR activity by rapamycin or over-expression of TSC1 or TSC2 reduced the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in Min-6 cells, suggesting a direct effect of mTOR signaling. CONCLUSION Gastric mTOR is a gastric energy sensor whose activity is linked to the regulation of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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191
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Li Z, Xu G, Li Y, Zhao J, Mulholland MW, Zhang W. mTOR-dependent modulation of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:493-500. [PMID: 22508056 DOI: 10.1159/000338503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nesfatin-1, an 82 amino acid peptide derived from the prohormone nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), is a novel satiety hormone acting through a leptin-independent mechanism in the hypothalamus. The mechanisms by which production of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is regulated remain unknown. METHODS Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and immunoreactivity were examined in gastric tissue and Min-6 cells by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining or Western blotting. RESULTS Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is co-localized with pS6K1, the downstream target of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in gastric X/A like cells. A parallel relationship between gastric mTOR signaling and nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was observed during changes in energy status. Both mTOR activity and gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2 were down-regulated by fasting, and returned to basal levels with re-feeding. In high fat diet induced obese mice, gastric mTOR signaling and nesfatin-1/NUCB2 were increased. Inhibition of the gastric mTOR signaling by rapamycin attenuated the expression of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in both lean and obese mice. Attenuation of mTOR activity by rapamycin or over-expression of TSC1 or TSC2 reduced the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in Min-6 cells, suggesting a direct effect of mTOR signaling. CONCLUSION Gastric mTOR is a gastric energy sensor whose activity is linked to the regulation of gastric nesfatin-1/NUCB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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García-Galiano D, Pineda R, Ilhan T, Castellano JM, Ruiz-Pino F, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Vazquez MJ, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Romero-Ruiz A, Pinilla L, Diéguez C, Gaytán F, Tena-Sempere M. Cellular distribution, regulated expression, and functional role of the anorexigenic peptide, NUCB2/nesfatin-1, in the testis. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1959-71. [PMID: 22334726 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1, product of the precursor NEFA/nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), was initially identified as anorectic hypothalamic neuropeptide, acting in a leptin-independent manner. In addition to its central role in the control of energy homeostasis, evidence has mounted recently that nesfatin-1 is also produced in peripheral metabolic tissues, such as pancreas, adipose, and gut. Moreover, nesfatin-1 has been shown to participate in the control of body functions gated by whole-body energy homeostasis, including puberty onset. Yet, whether, as is the case for other metabolic neuropeptides, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 participates in the direct control of gonadal function remains unexplored. We document here for the first time the expression of NUCB2 mRNA in rat, mouse, and human testes, where NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein was identified in interstitial mature Leydig cells. Yet in rats, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 became expressed in Sertoli cells upon Leydig cell elimination and was also detected in Leydig cell progenitors. Although NUCB2 mRNA levels did not overtly change in rat testis during pubertal maturation and after short-term fasting, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 content significantly increased along the puberty-to-adult transition and was markedly suppressed after fasting. In addition, testicular NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expression was up-regulated by pituitary LH, because hypophysectomy decreased, whereas human choriogonadotropin (super-agonist of LH receptors) replacement enhanced, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 mRNA and peptide levels. Finally, nesfatin-1 increased human choriogonadotropin-stimulated testosterone secretion by rat testicular explants ex vivo. Our data are the first to disclose the presence and functional role of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the testis, where its expression is regulated by developmental, metabolic, and hormonal cues as well as by Leydig cell-derived factors. Our observations expand the reproductive dimension of nesfatin-1, which may operate directly at the testicular level to link energy homeostasis, puberty onset, and gonadal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D García-Galiano
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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193
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Li N, Tian ZB, Sun GR, Wei LZ, Xu L, Wang BH, Kong XJ, Ding XL, Cui MJ. Effect of Nesfatin-1 on gastric emptying and contraction of gastric smooth muscle strips in obese rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:631-637. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i8.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the impact of treatment with Nesfatin-1 on gastric emptying and stomach smooth muscle contraction in obese rats.
METHODS: Obese rats were fed a high-nutrition diet for 6 weeks, while control rats were fed a normal diet. Different concentrations of Nesfatin-1 (0.5, 5, 50 μmol/L) were injected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). Gastric emptying was then determined, and the spontaneous contraction of isolated circular smooth muscle of gastric fundus and gastric body was recorded. In addition, the impact of different concentrations of Nesfatin-1 (0.026, 0.26, 2.6 μmol/L) on acetylcholine (Ach)-induced muscle contraction was observed.
RESULTS: Various concentrations of Nesfatin-1 significantly inhibited the contraction of gastric smooth muscle strips isolated from both normal and obese rats compared to rats treated with normal saline (q = 3.93-15.72, all P < 0.05 or 0.01). Compared to normal rats, low-concentration Nesfatin-1 showed no significant relaxing effect on stomach fundus smooth muscle in obese rats (P > 0.05); however, medium and high concentrations of Nesfatin-1 significantly inhibited the contraction of gastric fundus smooth muscle of obese rats (t = 2.14, 2.63; both P < 0.05). Compared to normal rats, low and medium concentrations of Nesfatin-1 showed no significant relaxing effect on stomach corpus smooth muscle in obese rats (both P > 0.05); however, high-concentration Nesfatin-1 significantly inhibited the contraction of gastric corpus smooth muscle of obese rats (t = 2.53, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric emptying in normal and obese rats and acetylcholine-induced gastric smooth muscle contraction in obese rats in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of Nesfatin-1 is stronger in normal rats than in obese ones.
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194
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Mohan H, Unniappan S. Ontogenic pattern of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 expression in the gastroenteropancreatic tissues and serum of Sprague Dawley rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 175:61-9. [PMID: 22387700 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel metabolic hormone that has glucose-responsive insulinotropic actions. Islet β-cells and gastrointestinal tissues have been reported as abundant sources of nesfatin-1 and its precursor hormone nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). While nesfatin-1 is emerging as a multifunctional hormone, there are no reports on the developmental expression of NUCB2/nesfatin-1. The main objective of this study was to examine the ontogenic expression of NUCB2 mRNA, and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum, and the circulating levels NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, we also determined the co-localization of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 and insulin immunoreactivity during development. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was found in the rat stomach from postnatal days 13-27. Furthermore, NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was also detected in the enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum at postnatal days 13 and 27. Duodenal NUCB2 mRNA expression at postnatal day 27 was highest. Serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels on embryonic day 21 and postnatal day 1 were lower than serum NUCB2/nesfatin-1 levels of adults and neonates at postnatal days 13, 20 and 27, gradually increasing with growth, suggesting an increase in its production and secretion from tissues including the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Our findings indicate that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 colocalizes with insulin in the islet β-cells at all developmental stages, but the percentage of colocalization varies in an age-dependent manner. These findings suggest that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 has potential age- and tissue-specific role in the developmental physiology of rats during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneesha Mohan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.
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195
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Kerbel B, Unniappan S. Nesfatin-1 suppresses energy intake, co-localises ghrelin in the brain and gut, and alters ghrelin, cholecystokinin and orexin mRNA expression in goldfish. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:366-77. [PMID: 22023656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorectic peptide encoded in the precursor protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). We recently reported the presence and appetite suppressing effects of nesfatin-1 in goldfish. Nesfatin-1 has been co-localised with ghrelin in the stomach of rats. Whether nesfatin-1 influences other appetite regulatory peptides in goldfish remains unclear. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate whether nesfatin-1 co-localises ghrelin in goldfish, and to test whether exogenous nesfatin-1 influences endogenous ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and orexin A (OXA). We found co-localisation of nesfatin-1-like and ghrelin-like immunoreactivity in the enteroendocrine cells of the goldfish anterior intestine (J-loop). Furthermore, co-localisation of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 was also observed in the posterior nucleus lateralis tuberis of the goldfish hypothalamus, a brain region implicated in the regulation of food intake. These findings suggest a functional relationship between ghrelin and nesfatin-1 in goldfish. In support of this, i.c.v. administration of goldfish (gf) nesfatin-1 [25 ng/g body weight (BW)], suppressed food intake and the expression of mRNAs encoding preproghrelin, ghrelin receptor (GHS-R 1a-1), CCK and NUCB2 in the forebrain of fed fish, as well as ghrelin and NUCB2 mRNA in the hypothalamus of unfed fish, both at 1 h post-injection. Nesfatin-1 stimulated hypothalamic CCK mRNA expression at 30 min post-injection in fed fish, and inhibited OXA mRNA in the unfed fish hypothalamus 1 h post-injection. Similarly, i.c.v. injections of gfghrelin (1 ng/g BW), although stimulating food intake, suppressed NUCB2 and preproghrelin mRNAs, but not ghrelin receptor mRNA expression in the forebrain. It is also evident that exogenous ghrelin and nesfatin-1 mRNAs encoding these peptides. Our novel results indicate interactions between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin, CCK and orexin, and show that nesfatin-1 acts on other appetite regulatory peptides in a time- and feeding status-dependent, as well as tissue-specific, manner in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kerbel
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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196
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A novel adipocytokine, nesfatin-1 modulates peripheral arterial contractility and blood pressure in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:676-81. [PMID: 22293188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipocytokine which exerts not only anorexigenic but also hypertensive roles through acting on hypothalamus melanocortin-3/4 receptors. Although it is logical to hypothesize that nesfatin-1 could also affect the contractile reactivity of peripheral blood vessels, it still remains to be examined. The present study was performed to test the hypothesis. In both endothelium-intact and -denuded mesenteric artery of rats, acute treatment with nesfatin-1 (10nM, 30min pretreatment) had no influence on the noradrenaline- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced concentration-dependent contractions. Chronic treatment of mesenteric artery with nesfatin-1 (10nM, 3days) using organ-culture method had also no influence on the agonists-induced contractions. In contrast, nesfatin-1 (10nM, 30min) significantly inhibited the sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxations of smooth muscle in mesenteric artery. A membrane permeable cyclic GMP (cGMP) analog, 8-bromo-cGMP-induced relaxations were not affected by nesfatin-1. Consistently, the SNP-induced cGMP production in smooth muscle was impaired by nesfatin-1. Intravenous application of nesfatin-1 to rats not only increased blood pressure but also impaired the SNP-induced decreases in blood pressure. The present study for the first time reveals that nesfatin-1 affects peripheral arterial blood vessel and inhibits the nitric oxide donor-induced smooth muscle relaxations via impairing the cGMP production. The results are the first to demonstrate that nesfatin-1 modulates blood pressure through directly acting on peripheral arterial resistance.
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197
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Riva M, Nitert MD, Voss U, Sathanoori R, Lindqvist A, Ling C, Wierup N. Nesfatin-1 stimulates glucagon and insulin secretion and beta cell NUCB2 is reduced in human type 2 diabetic subjects. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 346:393-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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198
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Stengel A, Taché Y. Minireview: nesfatin-1--an emerging new player in the brain-gut, endocrine, and metabolic axis. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4033-8. [PMID: 21862618 PMCID: PMC3199002 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified 82-amino-acid peptide derived from the precursor protein, nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). The brain distribution of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 at the mRNA and protein level along with functional studies in rodents support a role for NUCB2/nesfatin-1 as a novel satiety molecule acting through leptin-independent mechanisms. In addition, nesfatin-1 induces a wide spectrum of central actions to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system and influences visceral functions and emotion. These central actions combined with the activation of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 neurons in the brain by various stressors are indicative of a role in the adaptive response under stressful conditions. In the periphery, evidence is mounting that nesfatin-1 exerts a direct glucose-dependent insulinotropic action on β-cells of the pancreatic islets. However, the cellular mechanisms of nesfatin-1's action remain poorly understood, partly because the receptor through which nesfatin-1 exerts its pleiotropic actions is yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stengel
- Department of Medicine, CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Building 115, Room 117, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
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199
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Saldanha JF, Carrero JJ, Lobo JC, Stockler-Pinto MB, Leal VO, Calixto A, Geloneze B, Mafra D. The newly identified anorexigenic adipokine nesfatin-1 in hemodialysis patients: Are there associations with food intake, body composition and inflammation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 173:82-5. [PMID: 22036920 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified anorexigenic peptide that has been implicated in appetite regulation, weight loss and/or malnutrition. Anorexia and malnutrition are common features of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that predispose patients to worse outcomes. However, the reasons for the occurrence of anorexia in CKD patients are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nesfatin-1 and protein intake and body composition in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Twenty five HD patients from a private Clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied and compared with 15 healthy subjects that were matched for body mass index (BMI), % body fat mass (by anthropometrics) and age. Appetite was measured using a specific questionnaire, and food intake was evaluated based on 3-day food records. Nesfatin-1 levels were measured by ELISA and leptin, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were determined by a multiplex assay kit. Serum nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between HD patients (0.16±0.07ng/mL) and healthy subjects (0.17±0.10ng/mL). Nesfatin-1 levels showed significant negative correlations with protein intake (r=-0.42; p=0.03), but did not associate with inflammatory markers or appetite scores. Combining patients and controls, we observed positive correlations with BMI (r=0.33; p=0.03), % body fat (r=0.35; p=0.03), leptin (r=0.45; p=0.006) and the triceps skinfold thickness (r=0.36; p=0.02). In multivariate analysis % body fat was the main determinant of nesfatin-1 variance. In conclusion, nesfatin-1 levels did not differ between HD patients and healthy subjects and negatively correlated with protein intake. This pathway is likely not dysregulated in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Saldanha
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Nutrition Faculty, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
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200
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Girardet C, Bonnet MS, Jdir R, Sadoud M, Thirion S, Tardivel C, Roux J, Lebrun B, Wanaverbecq N, Mounien L, Trouslard J, Jean A, Dallaporta M, Troadec JD. The food-contaminant deoxynivalenol modifies eating by targeting anorexigenic neurocircuitry. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26134. [PMID: 22022538 PMCID: PMC3192137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological regulations of energy balance and body weight imply highly adaptive mechanisms which match caloric intake to caloric expenditure. In the central nervous system, the regulation of appetite relies on complex neurocircuitry which disturbance may alter energy balance and result in anorexia or obesity. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene, is one of the most abundant mycotoxins found on contaminated cereals and its stability during processing and cooking explains its widespread presence in human food. DON has been implicated in acute and chronic illnesses in both humans and farm animals including weight loss. Here, we provide the first demonstration that DON reduced feeding behavior and modified satiation and satiety by interfering with central neuronal networks dedicated to food intake regulation. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that during intoxication, DON reaches the brain where it modifies anorexigenic balance. In view of the widespread human exposure to DON, the present results may lead to reconsider the potential consequences of chronic DON consumption on human eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Girardet
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Marion S. Bonnet
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Rajae Jdir
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sylvie Thirion
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Tardivel
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Roux
- Biomeostasis, Contract Research Organization, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lebrun
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Wanaverbecq
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Trouslard
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - André Jean
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Dallaporta
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Denis Troadec
- Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France
- INRA USC 2027, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMR 6231, Centre de Recherche en Neurobiologie-Neurophysiologie de Marseille, Département de Physiologie Neurovégétative, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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