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Mahdavinia M, Kapil A, Bernstein JS, Lastra AC, LoSavio PS. Race as a risk factor for sleep timing shift and disruption in chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:429-431. [PMID: 33144267 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anuja Kapil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Joshua S Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alejandra C Lastra
- Sleep Disorders Service and Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phillip S LoSavio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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152
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Kohyama J. Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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153
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Aguilar-Galarza A, García-Gasca T, Mejía C, Díaz-Muñoz M, Pérez-Mendoza M, Anaya-Loyola MA, Garaulet M. "Evening chronotype associates with increased triglyceride levels in young adults in two independent populations". Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2373-2380. [PMID: 33277074 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evening chronotype has been linked with obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and older adults. However, few studies have analyzed this association in young adults. The aim of this study was to assess potential associations between individual chronotype and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults of two independent populations from Europe and America. METHODS Total population comprised 2 223 young adults (18-29 years old), 525 from Spain (Europe) and 1 698 from Mexico (America). Anthropometric, body composition and biochemical analyses were performed. Circadian preference was determined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS In these two young adult populations, a higher metabolic risk was found in those individuals with evening chronotypes, whereas those with neither or morning chronotypes showed lower cardiometabolic risk. Evening chronotypes showed lipid alterations with increased levels of triglycerides in both populations, VLDL-c in Spaniards and total cholesterol and LDL-c in Mexicans. Among the Mexican population, evening chronotypes showed higher MetS risk and more obesity traits than the other two chronotypes; no significant differences for the same comparison were found among the equivalent Spanish chronotypes. Evening chronotypes showed lower carbohydrates and higher fat intake in Spaniards, while they had lower fiber intake in Mexicans. The associations between MEQ score and cardiometabolic risk were independent of the dietary characteristics. Lifestyle factors differed among chronotypes with more smokers and habitual drinkers among evening chronotypes than in neither or morning chronotypes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study performed in two American and European independent populations shows that even in apparently healthy young adults, evening chronotypes have increased cardiometabolic risk and lipid alterations as compared to neither or morning chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aguilar-Galarza
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencia S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencia S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - C Mejía
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencia S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Department, Neurobiology Institute, Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Moisés Pérez-Mendoza
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencia S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- School of Natural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De la Ciencia S/N, Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology/Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
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154
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Imam A, Winnebeck EC, Buchholz N, Froguel P, Bonnefond A, Solimena M, Ivanova A, Bouvier M, Plouffe B, Charpentier G, Karamitri A, Jockers R, Roenneberg T, Vetter C. Circadian, Sleep and Caloric Intake Phenotyping in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Rare Melatonin Receptor 2 Mutations and Controls: A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2020; 11:564140. [PMID: 33162895 PMCID: PMC7583701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.564140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin modulates circadian rhythms in physiology and sleep initiation. Genetic variants of the MTNR1B locus, encoding the melatonin MT2 receptor, have been associated with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Carriers of the common intronic MTNR1B rs10830963 T2D risk variant have modified sleep and circadian traits such as changes of the melatonin profile. However, it is currently unknown whether rare variants in the MT2 coding region are also associated with altered sleep and circadian phenotypes, including meal timing. Materials and Methods In this pilot study, 28 individuals [50% male; 46–82 years old; 50% with rare MT2 mutations (T2D MT2)] wore actigraphy devices and filled out daily food logs for 4 weeks. We computed circadian, sleep, and caloric intake phenotypes, including sleep duration, timing, and regularity [assessed by the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI)]; composite phase deviations (CPD) as well a sleep timing-based proxy for circadian misalignment; and caloric intake patterns throughout the day. Using regression analyses, we estimated age- and sex-adjusted mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between the two patient groups. Secondary analyses also compare T2D MT2 to 15 healthy controls. Results Patients with rare MT2 mutations had a later sleep onset (MD = 1.23, 95%CI = 0.42;2.04), and midsleep time (MD = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.12;1.70), slept more irregularly (MD in SRI = −8.98, 95%CI = −16.36;−1.60), had higher levels of behavioral circadian misalignment (MD in CPD = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.51;1.92), were more variable in regard to duration between first caloric intake and average sleep offset (MD = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.07;2.08), and had more caloric episodes in a 24 h day (MD = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.26;1.90), in comparison to T2D controls. Secondary analyses showed similar patterns between T2D MT2 and non-diabetic controls. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that compared to diabetic controls, T2D MT2 patients display a number of adverse sleep, circadian, and caloric intake phenotypes, including more irregular behavioral timing. A prospective study is needed to determine the role of these behavioral phenotypes in T2D onset and severity, especially in view of rare MT2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Imam
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.,Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Charpentier
- Centre d'Études et de Recherches pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète (CERITD), Sud-Francilien Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | | | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Chaput JP, Dutil C, Featherstone R, Ross R, Giangregorio L, Saunders TJ, Janssen I, Poitras VJ, Kho ME, Ross-White A, Zankar S, Carrier J. Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:S232-S247. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the associations between sleep timing (e.g., bedtime/wake-up time, midpoint of sleep), sleep consistency/regularity (e.g., intra-individual variability in sleep duration, social jetlag, catch-up sleep), and health outcomes in adults aged 18 years and older. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for articles published in the previous 10 years. Fourteen health outcomes were examined. A total of 41 articles, including 92 340 unique participants from 14 countries, met inclusion criteria. Sleep was assessed objectively in 37% of studies and subjectively in 63% of studies. Findings suggest that later sleep timing and greater sleep variability were generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, because most studies reported linear associations, it was not possible to identify thresholds for “late sleep timing” or “large sleep variability”. In addition, social jetlag was associated with adverse health outcomes, while weekend catch-up sleep was associated with better health outcomes. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” across study designs and health outcomes using GRADE. In conclusion, the available evidence supports that earlier sleep timing and regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times are favourably associated with health. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119534.) Novelty This is the first systematic review to examine the influence of sleep timing and sleep consistency on health outcomes. Later sleep timing and greater variability in sleep are both associated with adverse health outcomes in adults. Regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ryan Featherstone
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen’s University Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah Zankar
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Départment de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
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da Silva FR, Junior AHL, Brant VM, Lôbo ILB, Lancha LOP, Silva A, de Mello MT. The effects of COVID-19 quarantine on eating and sleeping behaviors. NUTRIRE : REVISTA DE SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ALIMENTACAO E NUTRICAO = JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION 2020; 45:25. [PMID: 38624453 PMCID: PMC7523687 DOI: 10.1186/s41110-020-00128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Since the beginning of the pandemic, the population has been exposed to a substantial period of social isolation, which leads to anxiety, fear, and metabolic and immune impairments. Purpose Considering that sleep restriction influences eating behavior, we highlight that changes in it may occur during the COVID-19 quarantine. Alterations in feeding time can uncouple the body clocks, leading to circadian misalignment and consequently to a disruption in homeostasis and disturbances in many metabolic functions. Method Narrative review. Results Do not apply. Conclusion The increase of body weight is related to increased food intake in response to mental stress and more time spent at home, increased opportunity to feed, and increased visual and olfactory stimulation to eat, which represents a potential risk of overfeeding nowadays. In this article, we postulate that the unusual lifestyle imposed by the COVID-19 quarantine may induce a circadian misalignment, which is capable to induce alterations on eating and sleep behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | | | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Ingrid Ludimila Bastos Lôbo
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Luciana Oquendo Pereira Lancha
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte (EEFE), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Bem Estar e Saúde, IBES, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
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157
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Silva VM, Magalhaes JEDM, Duarte LL. Quality of sleep and anxiety are related to circadian preference in university students. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238514. [PMID: 32877438 PMCID: PMC7467298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a circadian phenotype expressed in the preference of individuals to perform their activities and sleep in specific phases along the day. The objective of the study was to identify anxiety levels, quality of sleep and different chronotypes of university students and investigate their possible relationships. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, in which 103 undergraduate students answered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). There is a relationship between chronotype, quality of sleep and anxiety in the investigated population. Evening chronotype students showed higher anxiety status and have poor sleep quality when compared with morning chronotype students. The high occurrence of anxiety levels and poor sleep quality in evening students may be a consequence of high academic demand in a shift incompatible with the phase delay of the circadian timing system of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono (LENTES), Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Lourenção Duarte
- Laboratório de Estudos em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono (LENTES), Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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158
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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159
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Circadian Misalignment Is Negatively Associated with the Anthropometric, Metabolic and Food Intake Outcomes of Bariatric Patients 6 Months After Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 31:159-169. [PMID: 32728839 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circadian misalignment has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic parameters. This study evaluated the association between social jet lag (SJL), a measure of circadian misalignment, and anthropometric, metabolic and food intake outcomes 6 months after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 bariatric patients were included (77% female, aged 33 years (range 28-41); 79.5% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass). Anthropometric, food consumption and SJL were evaluated in the preoperative evaluation and in the third and sixth months after surgery. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between the mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Generalised estimating equations and linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between mean SJL exposure and the outcomes. RESULTS The interaction between SJL and follow-up time negatively influenced the evolution of weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.04) and insulin levels (p = 0.01). SJL had an effect on intake of calories (p = 0.001), carbohydrate (p = 0.005) and total (p = 0.007), monounsaturated (p = 0.03) and polyunsaturated fat (p < 0.001). Linear regression showed a negative association between mean SJL exposure over the 6 months and the percentage of weight loss (coefficient = - 0.30, p = 0.006), body weight loss (kg) (coefficient = - 0.17, p = 0.03) and the reduction of BMI (coefficient = - 0.24, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS SJL was negatively associated with anthropometric, metabolic and food consumption outcomes 6 months after bariatric surgery. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov : NCT03485352.
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160
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Zuraikat FM, Makarem N, Redline S, Aggarwal B, Jelic S, St-Onge MP. Sleep Regularity and Cardiometabolic Heath: Is Variability in Sleep Patterns a Risk Factor for Excess Adiposity and Glycemic Dysregulation? Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:38. [PMID: 32700156 PMCID: PMC7584347 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Night-to-night variability in sleep patterns leads to circadian disruption and, consequently, could increase cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings from studies published between 2015 and 2020 examining various measures of night-to-night variability in sleep in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their risk factors. We illustrate a potential causal pathway between irregular sleep patterns and T2D, highlighting knowledge gaps along the way. RECENT FINDINGS Across different measures of sleep variability, irregular sleep patterns were associated with poorer cardiometabolic outcomes. Higher standard deviations (SD) across nights of sleep duration and onset or midpoint of sleep were associated with increased odds of having MetS and clusters of metabolic abnormalities as well as greater adiposity and poorer glycemic control. Conversely, greater regularity of rest-activity patterns related to lower risk for T2D. Social jetlag was associated with glycemic dysregulation, adiposity, T2D, and MetS. These associations are often observed in both metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals; both higher SD of sleep duration and social jetlag relate to poorer glucose regulation in individuals with diabetes. There is consistent evidence of associations of sleep variability with increased risk for adiposity, glucose dysregulation, T2D, and MetS. Although experimental evidence is needed to determine causation, there is support to recommend stabilizing sleep patterns for cardiometabolic risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 51 Audubon Avenue, 5th floor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 51 Audubon Avenue, 5th floor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S8-512, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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161
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Bowman MA, Brindle RC, Joffe H, Kline CE, Buysse DJ, Appelhans BM, Kravitz HM, Matthews KA, Neal-Perry GS, Krafty RT, Hall MH. Multidimensional sleep health is not cross-sectionally or longitudinally associated with adiposity in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Sleep Health 2020; 6:790-796. [PMID: 32680819 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between sleep and adiposity (indexed by body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio) has typically been evaluated using a single dimension of self-reported sleep. However, other dimensions and behavioral measures of sleep may also be associated with adiposity. This study evaluated whether multidimensional sleep health calculated from actigraphy and self-report was longitudinally associated with adiposity in a sample of midlife women who have a high prevalence of sleep disturbances and adiposity. DESIGN Longitudinal study with 11-14 years of follow-up time between the sleep health assessment and body mass index / waist-to-hip ratio measurements. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and twenty-one midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Sleep Study. MEASUREMENTS Multidimensional sleep health was quantified using actigraphy (M[SD] = 29.1[7.2] nights) measures of sleep efficiency, midpoint, duration, regularity, and self-report measures of alertness and satisfaction. Each component was dichotomized and summed; higher values indicated better sleep health. Height, body weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured at the sleep study and at follow-up. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between sleep health and adiposity, adjusting for demographic and menopausal covariates. RESULTS There was no substantial within-person change in adiposity over time. Better sleep health was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with lower adiposity in unadjusted, but not in adjusted, models. Individual sleep health components were not associated with adiposity after adjustment. CONCLUSION We did not observe cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between multidimensional sleep health and adiposity. The sleep-adiposity link may be weaker in midlife adults than in other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Bowman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan C Brindle
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science & Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, USA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology and the Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard M Kravitz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genevieve S Neal-Perry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert T Krafty
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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162
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Islam Z, Hu H, Akter S, Kuwahara K, Kochi T, Eguchi M, Kurotani K, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T. Social jetlag is associated with an increased likelihood of having depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Sleep 2020; 43:5573922. [PMID: 31555821 PMCID: PMC6985924 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Social jetlag, a mismatch between biological and social timing, has been reported to be associated with depressive symptoms among general population. However, evidence on this association is lacking among non-shift workers, who are under pressure to adapt themselves to a work schedule. We investigated the cross-sectional association of social jetlag with depressive symptoms among Japanese non-shift workers. METHODS This study included 1,404 employees, aged 18-78 years, who completed a study questionnaire at a periodic health checkup. Social jetlag was calculated as the absolute value of the difference in the midpoint of sleep times between weekdays and weekends. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with adjustments for potential confounders including diet and chronotype. RESULTS Of the study participants, 63.5%, 28.4%, and 8.1% had less than 1 hour, 1 to less than 2 hours, and at least 2 hours of social jetlag, respectively. Greater social jetlag was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) were 1.30 (0.95 to 1.78) and 2.14 (1.26-3.62) for 1 to less than 2 hour and at least 2 hours compared to less than 1 hour of social jetlag. The association between social jetlag and depressive symptoms appeared to be linear, according to restricted cubic spline regression. CONCLUSION Results suggest that greater social jetlag is associated with an increased likelihood of having depressive symptoms among non-shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobida Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo
| | - Takeshi Kochi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo
| | - Masafumi Eguchi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo.,Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo
| | - Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo.,Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Kabe
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo
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163
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Fantozzi MPT, Artoni F, Faraguna U. Heart rate variability at bedtime predicts subsequent sleep features. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:6784-6788. [PMID: 31947398 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Getting enough sleep during the night is important for preventing adverse short- and long-term health outcomes. The sympathetic-parasympathetic autonomic balance, characteristics of the pre-bed time resting period, correlates with sleep efficiency. We investigated in healthy subjects whether Low/High Frequencies (LF/HF) and other Heart Rate Variability (HRV) metrics, extracted in the period immediately before sleep onset, are able to predict quality/architecture sleep parameters in the sample group and in the Evening-Intermediate- chronotype subgroups. Linear correlations were found between HRV metrics and the investigated quality/architecture sleep parameters. The possibility to predict sleep parameters from the HRV metrics while falling asleep might pave the way to behavioral interventions during the bedtime period to increase the quality of sleep.
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164
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Kim JH, Lyu YS, Kim SY. Impact of Social Jetlag on Weight Change in Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124383. [PMID: 32570840 PMCID: PMC7344837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social jetlag, the circadian misalignment reflecting the discrepancy between the circadian clock and social clock, has been implicated in weight-related issues. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between social jetlag and body weight change among adults in a large, nationally representative general population. This study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 2016–2017 by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Of the 16,277 participants, data from 8295 adults were included in the analysis. Men with social jetlag > 2 h had a significantly higher risk of weight gain (odd ratios (OR): 1.787; 95% confident interval (CI): 1.192–2.679) than those with social jetlag < 1 h, after adjustment for age, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, chronic disease, obesity and average sleep duration. Women with weight gain had a higher social jetlag (>2 h), and women with social jetlag > 2 h had a higher proportion of weight gain. However, we did not find a significant association of social jetlag with weight gain after adjusting for confounding factors in women. There was no significant association between social jetlag and weight loss in men and women. Higher social jetlag was independently associated with an increased risk of weight gain in men. We propose that social jetlag may contribute to the obesogenic tendency in men, and that there is a potential for body weight to be managed with a circadian approach.
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165
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Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Skene DJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Wright KP, Dijk DJ, Zee P, Gorman MR, Winnebeck EC, Klerman EB. Why Should We Abolish Daylight Saving Time? J Biol Rhythms 2020; 34:227-230. [PMID: 31170882 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419854197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Local and national governments around the world are currently considering the elimination of the annual switch to and from Daylight Saving Time (DST). As an international organization of scientists dedicated to studying circadian and other biological rhythms, the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (SRBR) engaged experts in the field to write a Position Paper on the consequences of choosing to live on DST or Standard Time (ST). The authors take the position that, based on comparisons of large populations living in DST or ST or on western versus eastern edges of time zones, the advantages of permanent ST outweigh switching to DST annually or permanently. Four peer reviewers provided expert critiques of the initial submission, and the SRBR Executive Board approved the revised manuscript as a Position Paper to help educate the public in their evaluation of current legislative actions to end DST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Wirz-Justice
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Phyllis Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael R Gorman
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute for Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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166
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Abstract
In modern societies, human rest–activity rhythms and sleep result from the tensions and dynamics between the conflicting poles of external social time (e.g., work hours and leisure activities) and an individual’s internal biological time. A mismatch between the two has been suggested to induce ‘social jetlag’ [1] and ‘social sleep restriction’, that is, shifts in sleep timing and differences in sleep duration between work days and free days. Social jetlag [2,3] and sleep restrictions [4] have repeatedly been associated with negative consequences on health, mental wellbeing, and performance. In a large-scale quasi-experimental design, we investigated the effects of the phase with the most rigorous COVID-19 restrictions on the relationship between social and biological rhythms as well as sleep during a six-week period (mid-March until end of April 2020) in three European societies (Austria, Germany, Switzerland). We found that, on one hand, the restrictions reduced the mismatch between external (social) and internal (biological) sleep–wake timing, as indexed by significant reductions in social jetlag and social sleep restriction, with a concomitant increase in sleep duration. Sleep quality on the other hand was slightly reduced. The improved individual sleep–wake timing can presumably be attributed to an increased flexibility of social schedules, for instance due to more work being accomplished from home. However, this unprecedented situation also led to a significant increase in self-perceived burden, which was attendant to the decrease in sleep quality. These adverse effects may be alleviated by exposure to natural daylight as well as physical exercise.
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167
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Wright KP, Linton SK, Withrow D, Casiraghi L, Lanza SM, Iglesia HDL, Vetter C, Depner CM. Sleep in university students prior to and during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home orders. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R797-R798. [PMID: 32693068 PMCID: PMC7284257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Sleep health has multiple dimensions including duration, regularity, timing, and quality [1-4]. The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak led to Stay-at-Home orders and Social Distancing Requirements in countries throughout the world to limit the spread of COVID-19. We investigated sleep behaviors prior to and during Stay-at-Home orders in 139 university students (aged 22.2 ± 1.7 years old [±SD]) while respectively taking the same classes in-person and remotely. During Stay-at-Home, nightly time in bed devoted to sleep (TIB, a proxy for sleep duration with regard to public health recommendations [5]) increased by ∼30 min during weekdays and by ∼24 mins on weekends and regularity of sleep timing improved by ∼12 min. Sleep timing became later by ∼50 min during weekdays and ∼25 min on weekends, and thus the difference between weekend and weekday sleep timing decreased - hence reducing the amount of social jetlag [6,7]. Further, we find individual differences in the change of TIB devoted to sleep such that students with shorter TIB at baseline before the first COVID-19 cases emerged locally had larger increases in weekday and weekend TIB during Stay-at-Home. The percentage of participants that reported 7 h or more sleep per night, the minimum recommended sleep duration for adults to maintain health [5] - including immune health - increased from 84% to 92% for weekdays during Stay-at-Home versus baseline. Understanding the factors underlying such changes in sleep health behaviors could help inform public health recommendations with the goal of improving sleep health during and following the Stay-at-Home orders of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Sabrina K Linton
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Dana Withrow
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Leandro Casiraghi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shannon M Lanza
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Celine Vetter
- Circadian and Sleep Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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168
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Abstract
There is a lack of research on associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and obesity among adolescents. We examined the associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and BMI in adolescents before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Self-report data were collected from 3060 adolescents (48·1 % female, mean age 15·59 (sd 0·77) years) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In regression models, social jetlag predicted odds of consumption of breakfast, fruits/vegetables, fast food and sweetened drinks and BMI percentile. Primary models adjusted for school night sleep duration, sex, age, household income and youth living arrangements; secondary models further adjusted for race/ethnicity. In fully adjusted models, greater social jetlag was associated with lower odds of consumption of breakfast (OR = 0·92, P = 0·003) and fruits/vegetables (OR = 0·92, P = 0·009) and higher odds of consumption of fast food (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001) and sweetened drinks (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001). Social jetlag was positively associated with BMI percentile after additional adjustment for eating behaviours (b = 0·84, P = 0·037), but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for race/ethnicity (b = 0·72, P = 0·072). Ethnoracial differences in social jetlag may attenuate the association of social jetlag with BMI and should be considered in future studies of circadian misalignment, eating behaviours and obesity markers.
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169
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Hittle BM, Caruso CC, Jones HJ, Bhattacharya A, Lambert J, Gillespie GL. Nurse Health: The Influence of Chronotype and Shift Timing. West J Nurs Res 2020; 42:1031-1041. [PMID: 32419655 DOI: 10.1177/0193945920916802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extreme chronotype and circadian disrupting work hours may increase nurse disease risks. This national, cross-sectional study of nurses (N = 527) had three hypotheses. When chronotype and shift times are incongruent, nurses will experience increased likelihood of (1) obesity, (2) cardiovascular disease/risk factors, and (3) obesity or cardiovascular disease/risk factors when theoretically linked variables exist. Chronotype mismatched nurses' (n = 206) average sleep (6.1 hours, SD = 1.2) fell below 7-9 hours/24-hours sleep recommendations. Proportion of male nurses was significantly higher chronotype mismatched (12.3%) than matched (6.3%). Analyses found no direct relationship between chronotype match/mismatch with outcome variables. Exploratory interaction analysis demonstrated nurses with mismatched chronotype and above average sleep quality had an estimated 3.51 times the adjusted odds (95% CI 1.52,8.17; p = .003) of being obese. Although mechanism is unclear, this suggests sleep quality may be intricately associated with obesity. Further research is needed to inform nurses on health risks from disrupted sleep, chronotypes, and shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire C Caruso
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Science Integration, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Holly J Jones
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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170
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Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051354. [PMID: 32397384 PMCID: PMC7285071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to the external light–dark cycle. Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with evening chronotype. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and quality of sleep. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with adherence to the MD in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (obesity, programs of nutrition, education, research and assessment of the best treatment) Prevention Project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and chronotype were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Our results demonstrated that individuals with evening chronotype, when compared to intermediate (p < 0.001) and morning chronotype (p < 0.001), were more prone to follow unhealthy lifestyle, performing less regular activity and being more frequently smokers. In addition, they showed the lowest adherence to the MD compared to morning (p < 0.001) and intermediate chronotypes (p < 0.001). The lower the chronotype score, the higher body mass index (BMI) values in the whole population (r = −0.158; p = 0.038), thus suggesting that evening chronotype was a common finding in subjects with obesity. In addition, positive correlations of chronotype score with age (r = 0.159; p = 0.037) and PREDIMED score (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) were found. The adherence to the MD, more than the intake of the single food items, was found to predict morning and evening chronotypes. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and low adherence to the MD. Chronotype score was inversely associated to BMI and positively associated to age and adherence to the MD. Thus, the assessment of chronotype should be taken into account in the management of obesity and in the development of nutritional strategies.
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171
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Davidson S, Villarroel M, Harford M, Finnegan E, Jorge J, Young D, Watkinson P, Tarassenko L. Vital-sign circadian rhythms in patients prior to discharge from an ICU: a retrospective observational analysis of routinely recorded physiological data. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:181. [PMID: 32345354 PMCID: PMC7189546 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Davidson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mauricio Villarroel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirae Harford
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Critical Care Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eoin Finnegan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joao Jorge
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Young
- Critical Care Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Watkinson
- Critical Care Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lionel Tarassenko
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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172
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Gao L, Li P, Hu C, To T, Patxot M, Falvey B, Wong PM, Scheer FAJL, Lin C, Lo MT, Hu K. Nocturnal heart rate variability moderates the association between sleep-wake regularity and mood in young adults. Sleep 2020; 42:5307029. [PMID: 30722058 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep-wake regularity (SWR) is often disrupted in college students and mood disorders are rife at this age. Disrupted SWR can cause repetitive and long-term misalignment between environmental and behavioral cycles and the circadian system which may then have psychological and physical health consequences. We tested whether SWR was independently associated with mood and autonomic function in a healthy adult cohort. METHODS We studied 42 college students over a 3 week period using daily sleep-wake diaries and continuous electrocardiogram recordings. Weekly SWR was quantified by the interdaily stability of sleep-wake times (ISSW) and mood was assessed weekly using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. To assess autonomic function, we quantified the high-frequency (HF) power of heart rate variability (HRV). Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the relationship between repeated weekly measures of mood, SWR, and HF. RESULTS Low weekly ISSW predicted subsequent poor mood and worsening mood independently of age, sex, race, sleep duration, and physical activity. Although no association was found between ISSW and HF, the ISSW-mood association was significantly moderated by nocturnal HF, i.e. reported mood was lowest after a week with low ISSW and high HF. Prior week mood scores did not significantly predict the subsequent week's ISSW. CONCLUSIONS Irregular sleep-wake timing appears to precede poor mood in young adults. Further work is needed to understand the implications of high nocturnal HRV in those with low mood and irregular sleep-wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chelsea Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tommy To
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Patxot
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Brigid Falvey
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Patricia M Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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173
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Sunwoo JS, Yang KI, Kim JH, Koo DL, Kim D, Hong SB. Sleep duration rather than sleep timing is associated with obesity in adolescents. Sleep Med 2020; 68:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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174
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Nechifor RE, Ciobanu D, Vonica CL, Popita C, Roman G, Bala C, Mocan A, Inceu G, Craciun A, Rusu A. Social jetlag and sleep deprivation are associated with altered activity in the reward-related brain areas: an exploratory resting-state fMRI study. Sleep Med 2020; 72:12-19. [PMID: 32540632 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to assess the effect of social jetlag (SJL) and its interaction with partial sleep deprivation on resting-state brain activity using the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) during free-living conditions. METHODS A total of 28 normal weight healthy subjects were enrolled in four study groups (with SJL [with sleep deprivation and without sleep deprivation] and without SJL [with sleep deprivation and without sleep deprivation]), matched 1:1:1:1 for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were collected with SIEMENS 3T scanner while subjects were in a fasting state. RESULTS Participants with SJL had significantly higher fALFF values in right lingual gyrus and right putamen and significantly lower fALFF values in left and right inferior parietal lobe in comparison with participants without SJL and without sleep deprivation. Subjects with sleep deprivation had significantly higher fALFF in the thalamus and left superior frontal gyrus. In those with both SJL and sleep deprivation, we observed higher fALFF values in right Brodmann Area (BA)18 and lower values in left and right parietal inferior lobe. Subjects with SJL alone had significantly lower fALFF values in left frontal mid gyrus (BA6) than those with sleep deprivation alone. CONCLUSIONS SJL was associated with altered resting-state brain activity in regions that have been shown to be involved in hedonic feeding. The effect of SJL was independent of effects induced by short sleep duration. These alterations might represent the substrate for the increased risk of obesity observed in those with SJL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Emanuel Nechifor
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Ciobanu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Larisa Vonica
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Popita
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreia Mocan
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Georgeta Inceu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Craciun
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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175
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Verma AK, Garg G, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Melatonin protects against membrane alterations affected by ‘Artificial Light at Night’ in a circadian-disrupted model of rat. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1741265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geetika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Fan M, Sun D, Zhou T, Heianza Y, Lv J, Li L, Qi L. Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of 385 292 UK biobank participants. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1182-1189. [PMID: 31848595 PMCID: PMC7071844 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To quantify the association of combined sleep behaviours and genetic susceptibility with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 385 292 participants initially free of CVD from UK Biobank. We newly created a healthy sleep score according to five sleep factors and defined the low-risk groups as follows: early chronotype, sleep 7-8 h per day, never/rarely insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness. Weighted genetic risk scores of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke were calculated. During a median of 8.5 years of follow-up, we documented 7280 incident CVD cases including 4667 CHD and 2650 stroke cases. Compared to those with a sleep score of 0-1, participants with a score of 5 had a 35% (19-48%), 34% (22-44%), and 34% (25-42%) reduced risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke, respectively. Nearly 10% of cardiovascular events in this cohort could be attributed to poor sleep pattern. Participants with poor sleep pattern and high genetic risk showed the highest risk of CHD and stroke. CONCLUSION In this large prospective study, a healthy sleep pattern was associated with reduced risks of CVD, CHD, and stroke among participants with low, intermediate, or high genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mirghani HO, Albalawi KS, Alali OY, Albalawi WM, Albalawi KM, Aljohani TR, Albalawi WS. Breakfast skipping, late dinner intake and chronotype (eveningness-morningness) among medical students in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 34:178. [PMID: 32153718 PMCID: PMC7046096 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.178.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an increasing awareness regarding meal timing and chronotype. The present study aimed to assess breakfast skipping, late dinner intake, and chronotype among Saudi medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 169 clinical phase medical students during the period from January to May 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was used to report the frequency and timing of breakfast and dinner. In addition, the previous cumulative grade average, bedtime, wake-up time, and sleep duration during working days and weekends were reported. The chronotype was calculated from mid-sleep and wakeup time during weekends and sleep dept. The student's weight and height were measured to assess the body mass index (BMI). Participants also completed a diary detailing their sleep habits for two weeks before filling out the questionnaire. The chi-square and Pearson's correlation were used for the statistical analysis. Results Out of 169 medical students (48.5% males), their age was 22.90±1.27 years, 42% were breakfast-skippers, while 49.7% were late dinner consumers. No correlation was found between the previous cumulative grades (GPA), BMI, chronotype, and time lag in wakeup and bedtime between weekdays and weekends (p>0.005). No significant statistical differences between breakfast-skippers and late dinner consumers and their counterparts regarding GPA and chronotype. Conclusion Breakfast skipping and late dinner consumption were prevalent among medical students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, future large sample case-control studies to assess the impact of meal timing, and chronotype on academic performance are highly recommended.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological data (2014-2019) that examine the association of sleep variability with blood pressure (BP), discuss potential underlying mechanisms, and highlight future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS Higher standard deviations of sleep duration and sleep-onset timing were not related to BP. However, a higher Sleep Regularity Index score was associated with lower odds of hypertension. Studies on social jetlag, a prevalent form of sleep variability, reported null associations. In contrast, lower interdaily stability in circadian rest-activity rhythms, a measure of invariability in sleep-wake cycles between days and synchronization to light and dark cycles, was associated with higher BP and greater hypertension odds, particularly among non-shift workers. Sleep variability is consistently associated with risk factors for hypertension. Evidence on sleep variability and BP is limited and varies depending on the measure used to characterize day-to-day variability in sleep. Studies that identify and utilize a standard definition of sleep variability, incorporate a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and ensure coinciding timing of sleep and BP measurements are necessary to disentangle these relationships.
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179
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Henry CJ, Kaur B, Quek RYC. Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:6. [PMID: 32075959 PMCID: PMC7031264 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h cycles regulated by endogeneous molecular oscillators called the circadian clock. The effects of diet on circadian rhythmicity clearly involves a relationship between factors such as meal timings and nutrients, known as chrononutrition. Chrononutrition is influenced by an individual's "chronotype", whereby "evening chronotypes" or also termed "later chronotype" who are biologically driven to consume foods later in the day. Research in this area has suggested that time of day is indicative of having an influence on the postprandial glucose response to a meal, therefore having a major effect on type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional and experimental studies have shown the benefits of consuming meals early in the day than in the evening on postprandial glycaemia. Modifying the macronutrient composition of night meals, by increasing protein and fat content, has shown to be a simple strategy to improve postprandial glycaemia. Low glycaemic index (GI) foods eaten in the morning improves glycaemic response to a greater effect than when consumed at night. Timing of fat and protein (including amino acids) co-ingested with carbohydrate foods, such as bread and rice, can reduce glycaemic response. The order of food presentation also has considerable potential in reducing postprandial blood glucose (consuming vegetables first, followed by meat and then lastly rice). These practical recommendations could be considered as strategies to improve glycaemic control, rather than focusing on the nutritional value of a meal alone, to optimize dietary patterns of diabetics. It is necessary to further elucidate this fascinating area of research to understand the circadian system and its implications on nutrition that may ultimately reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore, Department of Biochemistry, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Rina Yu Chin Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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180
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Hena M, Garmy P. Social Jetlag and Its Association With Screen Time and Nighttime Texting Among Adolescents in Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:122. [PMID: 32132896 PMCID: PMC7040091 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrepancy between social and biological clock due to sleep and wake up time difference across weekdays and weekends is referred as social jetlag. The overall aim of this study is to test whether there is an association between both screen time and nighttime texting and social jetlag among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents in Sweden. This study included a cross-sectional survey in which data were collected from all schools with grades 7 and 8 in four municipalities in southern Sweden. The sample consisted of 1518 students (72.7% response rate), among whom 50.7% were girls. Ages varied between 13 and 15 years (mean, 13.9; standard deviation (SD), 0.4). Social jetlag was defined as more than 2 h difference between bedtime and wake-up time on school days compared to weekends. The prevalence of social jetlag among this study population was 53.9%. After adjusting for age, sex, and economic status, the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results showed that increased screen time (p < 0.001) and texting at night (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with social jetlag. Irregular bedtime and wake-up habits on school days and weekends are associated with nighttime texting and increased screen time. For future research, more focus should be given to identifying causality factors and gain an understanding of the effects of social jetlag, which will help in developing appropriate public health messages and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momota Hena
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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181
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Thomas JM, Kern PA, Bush HM, McQuerry KJ, Black WS, Clasey JL, Pendergast JS. Circadian rhythm phase shifts caused by timed exercise vary with chronotype. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134270. [PMID: 31895695 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe circadian system entrains behavioral and physiological rhythms to environmental cycles, and modern lifestyles disrupt this entrainment. We investigated a timed exercise intervention to phase shift the internal circadian rhythm.METHODSIn 52 young, sedentary adults, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured before and after 5 days of morning (10 hours after DLMO; n = 26) or evening (20 hours after DLMO; n = 26) exercise. Phase shifts were calculated as the difference in DLMO before and after exercise.RESULTSMorning exercise induced phase advance shifts (0.62 ± 0.18 hours) that were significantly greater than phase shifts from evening exercise (-0.02 ± 0.18 hours; P = 0.01). Chronotype also influenced the effect of timed exercise. For later chronotypes, both morning and evening exercise induced phase advances (0.54 ± 0.29 hours and 0.46 ±0.25 hours, respectively). In contrast, earlier chronotypes had phase advances from morning exercise (0.49 ± 0.25 hours) but had phase delays from evening exercise (-0.41 ± 0.29 hours).CONCLUSIONLate chronotypes - those who experience the most severe circadian misalignment - may benefit from phase advances induced by exercise in the morning or evening, but evening exercise may exacerbate circadian misalignment in early chronotypes. Thus, personalized exercise timing prescription, based on chronotype, could alleviate circadian misalignment in young adults.TRIAL REGISTRATIONTrial registration can be found at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04097886).FUNDINGFunding was supplied by NIH grants UL1TR001998 and TL1TR001997, the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, the Pediatric Exercise Physiology Laboratory Endowment, the Arvle and Ellen Turner Thacker Research Fund, and the University of Kentucky.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion.,Center for Clinical and Translational Science
| | - Philip A Kern
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Heather M Bush
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science.,Department of Biostatistics
| | | | | | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion.,Center for Clinical and Translational Science.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Julie S Pendergast
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Department of Biology, and.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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182
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Cunningham TJ, Bowman MA. The darkest hours: McCarthy et al. (2019) report increased risk for suicide from midnight to 3 am for U.S. veterans and civilians. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz258. [PMID: 31634911 PMCID: PMC7017951 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Cunningham
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA
| | - Marissa A Bowman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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183
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Greater social jetlag associates with higher HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study. Sleep Med 2020; 66:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Sládek M, Kudrnáčová Röschová M, Adámková V, Hamplová D, Sumová A. Chronotype assessment via a large scale socio-demographic survey favours yearlong Standard time over Daylight Saving Time in central Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1419. [PMID: 31996761 PMCID: PMC6989656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abandoning daylight saving time in Europe raises the topical issue of proper setting of yearlong social time, which needs mapping of various socio-demographic factors, including chronotype, in specific geographic regions. This study represents the first detailed large scale chronotyping in the Czech Republic based on data collected in the complex panel socio-demographic survey in households (total 8760 respondents) and the socio-physiological survey, in which chronotyped participants also provided blood samples (n = 1107). Chronotype assessment based on sleep phase (MCTQ questions and/or time-use diary) correlated with a self-assessed interval of best alertness. The mean chronotype of the Czech population defined as mid sleep phase (MSFsc) was 3.13 ± 0.02 h. Chronotype exhibited significant east-to-westward, north-to-southward, and settlement size-dependent gradients and was associated with age, sex, partnership, and time spent outdoors as previously demonstrated. Moreover, for subjects younger than 40 years, childcare was highly associated with earlier chronotype, while dog care was associated with later chronotype. Body mass index correlated with later chronotype in women whose extreme chronotype was also associated with lower plasma levels of protective HDL cholesterol. Based on the chronotype prevalence the results favour yearlong Standard Time as the best choice for this geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sládek
- Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Věra Adámková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hamplová
- Institute of Sociology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sumová
- Institute of Physiology, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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185
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Tavares PDS, Carpena MX, Carone CMDM, Del-Ponte B, Santos IS, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Is social jetlag similar to travel-induced jetlag? Results of a validation study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:542-551. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1712413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice de Souza Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul– UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Xavier Carpena
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Del-Ponte
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas–UFPEL, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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186
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Vetter C. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:531-550. [PMID: 30402904 PMCID: PMC6504624 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization to local environmental time cues, but this re-synchronization is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When such challenges are experienced chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, as for example in the case of rotating night shift workers. The transient and chronic disturbance of the circadian system is most frequently referred to as "circadian disruption", but many other terms have been proposed and used to refer to similar situations. It is now beyond doubt that the circadian system contributes to health and disease, emphasizing the need for clear terminology when describing challenges to the circadian system and their consequences. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the terms used to describe disruption of the circadian system, discuss proposed quantifications of disruption in experimental and observational settings with a focus on human research, and highlight limitations and challenges of currently available tools. For circadian research to advance as a translational science, clear, operationalizable, and scalable quantifications of circadian disruption are key, as they will enable improved assessment and reproducibility of results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal research, to large-scale randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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187
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons LC. Resetting the Aging Clock: Implications for Managing Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:193-265. [PMID: 32304036 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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189
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Cespedes Feliciano EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Quante M, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM. Chronotype, Social Jet Lag, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Early Adolescence. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:1049-1057. [PMID: 31524936 PMCID: PMC6749538 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Inadequate sleep duration and quality increase the risk of obesity. Sleep timing, while less studied, is important in adolescents because increasing evening preferences (chronotypes), early school start times, and irregular sleep schedules may cause circadian misalignment. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of chronotype and social jet lag with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in young adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Starting in 1999, Project Viva recruited pregnant women from eastern Massachusetts. Mother-child in-person visits occurred throughout childhood. From January 23, 2012, to October 16, 2016, 804 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years completed 5 days or more of wrist actigraphy, questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. A cross-sectional analysis using these data was conducted from April 31, 2018, to May 1, 2019. EXPOSURES Chronotype, measured via a continuous scale with higher scores indicating greater evening preferences, and social jet lag, measured as the continuous difference in actigraphy sleep midpoint in hours from midnight on weekends vs weekdays, with higher values representing more delayed sleep timing on weekends. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Adiposity, measured via anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For a subset of 479 adolescents with blood samples, cardiometabolic risk scores were computed as the mean of 5 sex- and cohort-specific z scores for waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, inversely scaled high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and log-transformed triglycerides and homeostatic model of insulin resistance. RESULTS Among the 804 adolescents in the study, 418 were girls and 386 were boys, with a mean (SD) age of 13.2 (0.9) years. In multivariable models adjusted for age, puberty, season, and sociodemographics, associations of chronotype and social jet lag with adiposity varied by sex. For girls, greater evening preference was associated with a 0.58-cm (95% CI, 0.12-1.03 cm; P = .04 for interaction) higher waist circumference and 0.16 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.01-0.31 kg/m2; P = .03 for interaction) higher fat mass index as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; each hour of social jet lag was associated with a 1.19-cm (95% CI, 0.04-2.35 cm; P = .21 for interaction) higher waist circumference and 0.45 kg/m2 (95% CI, 0.09-0.82 kg/m2; P = .01 for interaction) higher fat mass index as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Associations of social jet lag and evening chronotypes persisted for many measures of adiposity after adjustment for sleep duration and other lifestyle behaviors. By contrast, no associations were observed in boys. There were no associations with the cardiometabolic risk score for either sex, although statistical power was low for this outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Evening chronotypes and social jet lag were associated with greater adiposity in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. Interventions aimed at improving sleep schedules may be useful for obesity prevention, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston
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190
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Borisenkov MF, Vetosheva VI, Kuznetsova YS, Khodyrev GN, Shikhova AV, Popov SV, Pechеrkina AA, Dorogina OI, Symaniuk EE. Chronotype, social jetlag, and time perspective. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1772-1781. [PMID: 31658823 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1683858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase of entrainment (chronotype) is known to be associated with time perspective (TP), suggesting that the state of circadian system is involved in the long-term planning of human life. However, little is known regarding the influence of circadian misalignment on long-term planning ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and TP. A total of 1064 schoolchildren and university students (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.2 ± 2.9 years; range, 15-25 years; females, 71.7%) from four cities in the Russian Federation located between 56.9 and 61.7 degrees North completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Study participants also indicated personal data (age, sex, height weight, place of residence, and achievements). A multiple regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of predictors in the model was performed to evaluate associations between time perspective characteristics (dependent variables) and predictor variables. The change in R2 was used as the measure of effect size. Chronotype was found to be a moderate predictor of future TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.037). In addition, sleep quality was found to be a moderate predictor of past negative (B = 0.043; ΔR2 = 0.074), present fatalistic (B = 0.021; ΔR2 = 0.035), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.066). Mood seasonality was a moderate predictor of present hedonistic TP (B = 0.016; ΔR2 = 0.038), and social jetlag was a weak predictor of present fatalistic (B = 0.052; ΔR2 = 0.019), future (B = -0.033; ΔR2 = 0.004), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.047; ΔR2 = 0.012). In conclusion, this study found a weak but significant association between social jetlag and TP in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valentina I Vetosheva
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Yekaterina S Kuznetsova
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N Khodyrev
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Asya V Shikhova
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Pechеrkina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga I Dorogina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elvira E Symaniuk
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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191
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Chellappa SL, Vujovic N, Williams JS, Scheer FAJL. Impact of Circadian Disruption on Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:767-779. [PMID: 31427142 PMCID: PMC6779516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system, that is ubiquitous across species, generates ∼24 h rhythms in virtually all biological processes, and allows them to anticipate and adapt to the 24 h day/night cycle, thus ensuring optimal physiological function. Epidemiological studies show time-of-day variations in adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and controlled laboratory studies demonstrate a circadian influence on key markers of CV function and risk. Furthermore, circadian misalignment, that is typically experienced by shift workers as well as by individuals who experience late eating, (social) jet lag, or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disturbances, increases CV risk factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which the circadian system regulates CV function, and which of these are affected by circadian disruption, may help to develop intervention strategies to mitigate CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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192
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Sűdy ÁR, Ella K, Bódizs R, Káldi K. Association of Social Jetlag With Sleep Quality and Autonomic Cardiac Control During Sleep in Young Healthy Men. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:950. [PMID: 31555086 PMCID: PMC6742749 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag (SJL), the difference in sleep timing between work and free days is a consequence of the discrepancy between the individual’s circadian rhythm and the social clock. SJL is considered a chronic stress factor and has been linked to various health problems. In this field study, we examined for the first time the association between SJL and cardiac regulation during sleep. 33 healthy young men aged 20–26 years participated in the study. The median SJL was used as a cut-off value to assign the participants into two groups with either lower or higher SJL. As a marker of autonomic control we analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) and addressed intra-individual differences between workdays and free days. In subjects with higher SJL, pNN50, an indicator of vagal activity was lower in the first 3 h of sleep on workday as compared to free day (day × sleep block × group, p = 0.015), indicating a more adaptable regulation on free days, when subjects slept according to their own preference. However, in subjects with lower SJL, no HRV differences were found between the two nights. SJL showed correlation with the free day-workday differences of both pNN50 and another vagal index, RMSSD in the first 2 h of sleep (p = 0.023 and 0.047, respectively). In subjects with higher SJL, a different HF power on workdays and free days (p = 0.031) also indicated that a shift in sleep timing is accompanied by an altered parasympathetic activity in the first few hours of sleep. Furthermore, subjective sleep quality on workdays was negatively associated with SJL (p = 0.02), and subjects with higher SJL reported worse sleep quality on workday than on free day (p = 0.027). Taken together, our data call attention on the potential effect of SJL on sleep quality and vagal activity during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Réka Sűdy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ella
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Káldi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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193
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Bae SA, Fang MZ, Rustgi V, Zarbl H, Androulakis IP. At the Interface of Lifestyle, Behavior, and Circadian Rhythms: Metabolic Implications. Front Nutr 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31555652 PMCID: PMC6722208 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient metabolism is under circadian regulation. Disruption of circadian rhythms by lifestyle and behavioral choices such as work schedules, eating patterns, and social jetlag, seriously impacts metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction due to chronic misalignment of an organism's endogenous rhythms is detrimental to health, increasing the risk of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this paper, we review literature on recent findings on the mechanisms that communicate metabolic signals to circadian clocks and vice versa, and how human behavioral changes imposed by societal and occupational demands affect the physiological networks integrating peripheral clocks and metabolism. Finally, we discuss factors possibly contributing to inter-individual variability in response to circadian changes in the context of metabolic (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-A Bae
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ming Zhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Vinod Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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194
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Teixeira GP, Barreto ADCF, Mota MC, Crispim CA. Caloric midpoint is associated with total calorie and macronutrient intake and body mass index in undergraduate students. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1418-1428. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1652830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Carliana Mota
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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195
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Henderson SEM, Brady EM, Robertson N. Associations between social jetlag and mental health in young people: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1316-1333. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1636813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. M. Henderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M. Brady
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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196
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Roenneberg T, Winnebeck EC, Klerman EB. Daylight Saving Time and Artificial Time Zones - A Battle Between Biological and Social Times. Front Physiol 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31447685 PMCID: PMC6692659 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many regions and countries are reconsidering their use of Daylight Saving Time (DST) but their approaches differ. Some, like Japan, that have not used DST over the past decades are thinking about introducing this twice-a-year change in clock time, while others want to abolish the switch between DST and Standard Time, but don’t agree which to use: California has proposed keeping perennial DST (i.e., all year round), and the EU debates between perennial Standard Time and perennial DST. Related to the discussion about DST is the discussion to which time zone a country, state or region should belong: the state of Massachusetts in the United States is considering switching to Atlantic Standard Time, i.e., moving the timing of its social clock (local time) 1 h further east (which is equivalent to perennial DST), and Spain is considering leaving the Central European Time to join Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), i.e., moving its social timing 1 h further west. A wave of DST discussions seems to periodically sweep across the world. Although DST has always been a political issue, we need to discuss the biology associated with these decisions because the circadian clock plays a crucial role in how the outcome of these discussions potentially impacts our health and performance. Here, we give the necessary background to understand how the circadian clock, the social clock, the sun clock, time zones, and DST interact. We address numerous fallacies that are propagated by lay people, politicians, and scientists, and we make suggestions of how problems associated with DST and time-zones can be solved based on circadian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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197
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Androulakis IP. The quest for digital health: From diseases to patients. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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198
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Huang T, Redline S. Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations of Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Regularity With Metabolic Abnormalities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1422-1429. [PMID: 31167888 PMCID: PMC6647049 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To cross-sectionally and prospectively investigate the association between irregular sleep patterns, a potential marker for circadian disruption, and metabolic abnormalities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, participants completed 7-day actigraphy at exam 5 (2010-2013) and were prospectively followed throughout exam 6 (2016 to 2017). Sleep regularity was quantified by the 7-day SD of actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and sleep onset timing. Metabolic abnormalities were defined by 1) the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and 2) a data-driven clustering of metabolic factors. RESULTS In the exam 5 cross-sectional analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors (n = 2,003), every 1-h increase in the sleep duration SD was associated with 27% (95% CI 1.10, 1.47) higher odds of metabolic syndrome, and every 1-h increase in the sleep timing SD was associated with 23% (95% CI 1.06, 1.42) higher odds. The associations remained significant with additional adjustment for sleep-related factors including sleep duration. In the prospective analysis (n = 970), the corresponding fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.27 (95% CI 0.97, 1.65) for sleep duration and 1.36 (1.03, 1.80) for sleep timing. Compared with the cluster of few metabolic changes, every 1-h increase in sleep variability was associated with almost doubled odds for the cluster characterized by incidence of multiple metabolic abnormalities (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.18, 3.30] for sleep duration and OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.25, 3.53] for sleep timing). CONCLUSIONS Increased variability in sleep duration and timing was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of metabolic abnormalities even after consideration of sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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199
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Zerón-Rugerio MF, Cambras T, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Social Jet Lag Associates Negatively with the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index among Young Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1756. [PMID: 31366143 PMCID: PMC6723476 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with irregular sleep-wake patterns during the week, also known as social jet lag. The Mediterranean diet is a healthy pattern related with a better health and sleep quality. However, potential associations with social jet lag remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine whether higher social jet lag is linked to lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and whether it is associated with BMI (Body Mass Index). This cross-sectional study included 534 young adults (18-25 years). Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, chronotype and social jet lag were studied. Our results revealed that individuals with greater social jet lag showed lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and had a higher BMI. Among the habits that characterized the Mediterranean dietary pattern, we observed that higher social jet lag was significantly associated with a lower intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as skipping breakfast. Hence, the promotion of regular sleep habits together with healthy dietary patterns should be considered for obesity prevention, especially among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science. University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Izquierdo-Pulido
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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200
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