151
|
Scianna M. An extended Cellular Potts Model analyzing a wound healing assay. Comput Biol Med 2015; 62:33-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
152
|
The regulatory roles of ROCK and MRCK kinases in the plasticity of cancer cell migration. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
153
|
Abstract
Swarming or collective motion of living entities is one of the most common and spectacular manifestations of living systems that have been extensively studied in recent years. A number of general principles have been established. The interactions at the level of cells are quite different from those among individual animals, therefore the study of collective motion of cells is likely to reveal some specific important features which we plan to overview in this paper. In addition to presenting the most appealing results from the quickly growing related literature we also deliver a critical discussion of the emerging picture and summarize our present understanding of collective motion at the cellular level. Collective motion of cells plays an essential role in a number of experimental and real-life situations. In most cases the coordinated motion is a helpful aspect of the given phenomenon and results in making a related process more efficient (e.g., embryogenesis or wound healing), while in the case of tumor cell invasion it appears to speed up the progression of the disease. In these mechanisms cells both have to be motile and adhere to one another, the adherence feature being the most specific to this sort of collective behavior. One of the central aims of this review is to present the related experimental observations and treat them in light of a few basic computational models so as to make an interpretation of the phenomena at a quantitative level as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Előd Méhes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Miron-Mendoza M, Graham E, Kivanany P, Quiring J, Petroll WM. The Role of Thrombin and Cell Contractility in Regulating Clustering and Collective Migration of Corneal Fibroblasts in Different ECM Environments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:2079-90. [PMID: 25736789 PMCID: PMC4373543 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that extracellular matrix composition (fibrin versus collagen) modulates the pattern of corneal fibroblast spreading and migration in 3-D culture. In this study, we investigate the role of thrombin and cell contractility in mediating these differences in cell behavior. METHODS To assess cell spreading, corneal fibroblasts were plated on top of fibrillar collagen and fibrin matrices. To assess 3-dimensional cell migration, compacted collagen matrices seeded with corneal fibroblasts were embedded inside acellular collagen or fibrin matrices. Constructs were cultured in serum-free media containing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), with or without thrombin, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, and/or the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin. We used 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional imaging to assess cell mechanical behavior, connectivity and cytoskeletal organization. RESULTS Thrombin stimulated increased contractility of corneal fibroblasts. Thrombin also induced Rho kinase-dependent clustering of cells plated on top of compliant collagen matrices, but not on rigid substrates. In contrast, cells on fibrin matrices coalesced into clusters even when Rho kinase was inhibited. In nested matrices, cells always migrated independently through collagen, even in the presence of thrombin. In contrast, cells migrating into fibrin formed an interconnected network. Both Y-27632 and blebbistatin reduced the migration rate in fibrin, but cells continued to migrate collectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that while thrombin-induced actomyosin contraction can induce clustering of fibroblasts plated on top of compliant collagen matrices, it does not induce collective cell migration inside 3-D collagen constructs. Furthermore, increased contractility is not required for clustering or collective migration of corneal fibroblasts interacting with fibin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Miron-Mendoza
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Eric Graham
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Pouriska Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jonathan Quiring
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Barriga EH, Mayor R. Embryonic cell-cell adhesion: a key player in collective neural crest migration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 112:301-23. [PMID: 25733144 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for morphogenesis, adult tissue remodeling, wound healing, and cancer cell migration. Cells can migrate as individuals or groups. When cells migrate in groups, cell-cell interactions are crucial in order to promote the coordinated behavior, essential for collective migration. Interestingly, recent evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions are also important for establishing and maintaining the directionality of these migratory events. We focus on neural crest cells, as they possess extraordinary migratory capabilities that allow them to migrate and colonize tissues all over the embryo. Neural crest cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition at the same time than perform directional collective migration. Cell-cell adhesion has been shown to be an important source of planar cell polarity and cell coordination during collective movement. We also review molecular mechanisms underlying cadherin turnover, showing how the modulation and dynamics of cell-cell adhesions are crucial in order to maintain tissue integrity and collective migration in vivo. We conclude that cell-cell adhesion during embryo development cannot be considered as simple passive resistance to force, but rather participates in signaling events that determine important cell behaviors required for cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Cellular memory of hypoxia elicits neuroblastoma metastasis and enables invasion by non-aggressive neighbouring cells. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e138. [PMID: 25664931 PMCID: PMC4338426 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting cancer metastasis are challenging owing to the complexity of the metastatic process and the high number of effectors involved. Although tumour hypoxia has previously been associated with increased aggressiveness as well as resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, the understanding of a direct link between the level and duration of hypoxia and the individual steps involved in metastasis is still missing. Using live imaging in a chick embryo model, we have demonstrated that the exposure of neuroblastoma cells to 1% oxygen for 3 days was capable of (1) enabling cell migration towards blood vessels, (2) slowing down their velocity within blood vessels to facilitate extravasation and (3) promoting cell proliferation in primary and secondary sites. We have shown that cells do not have to be hypoxic anymore to exhibit these acquired capabilities as a long-term memory of prior hypoxic exposure is kept. Furthermore, non-hypoxic cells can be influenced by neighbouring hypoxic preconditioned cells and be entrained in the metastatic progression. The acquired aggressive phenotype relies on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcription of a number of genes involved in metastasis and can be impaired by HIF inhibition. Altogether, our results demonstrate the need to consider both temporal and spatial tumour heterogeneity because cells can 'remember' an earlier environment and share their acquired phenotype with their close neighbours. As a consequence, it is necessary to monitor the correct hypoxic markers to be able to predict the consequences of the cells' history on their behaviour and their potential response to therapies.
Collapse
|
157
|
Brown L, Wan H. Desmoglein 3: a help or a hindrance in cancer progression? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:266-86. [PMID: 25629808 PMCID: PMC4381258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 is one of seven desmosomal cadherins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in desmosomes. Desmosomes are the intercellular junctional complexes that anchor the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells and confer strong cell adhesion thus are essential in the maintenance of tissue architecture and structural integrity. Like adherens junctions, desmosomes function as tumour suppressors and are down regulated in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. However, recently several studies have shown that various desmosomal components, including desmoglein 3, are up-regulated in cancer with increased levels of expression correlating with the clinical stage of malignancy, implicating their potentiality to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that overexpression of desmoglein 3 in cancer cell lines activates several signal pathways that have an impact on cell morphology, adhesion and locomotion. These additional signalling roles of desmoglein 3 may not be associated to its adhesive function in desmosomes but rather function outside of the junctions, acting as a key regulator in the control of actin based cellular processes. This review will discuss recent advances which support the role of desmoglein 3 in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brown
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Hong Wan
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Building, London E1 2AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Venero Galanternik M, Kramer KL, Piotrowski T. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Regulate Fgf Signaling and Cell Polarity during Collective Cell Migration. Cell Rep 2015; 10:414-428. [PMID: 25600875 PMCID: PMC4531098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a highly regulated morphogenetic movement during embryonic development and cancer invasion that involves the precise orchestration and integration of cell-autonomous mechanisms and environmental signals. Coordinated lateral line primordium migration is controlled by the regulation of chemokine receptors via compartmentalized Wnt/β-catenin and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling. Analysis of mutations in two exostosin glycosyltransferase genes (extl3 and ext2) revealed that loss of heparan sulfate (HS) chains results in a failure of collective cell migration due to enhanced Fgf ligand diffusion and loss of Fgf signal transduction. Consequently, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated ectopically, resulting in the subsequent loss of the chemokine receptor cxcr7b. Disruption of HS proteoglycan (HSPG) function induces extensive, random filopodia formation, demonstrating that HSPGs are involved in maintaining cell polarity in collectively migrating cells. The HSPGs themselves are regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin and Fgf pathways and thus are integral components of the regulatory network that coordinates collective cell migration with organ specification and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kenneth L Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Tatjana Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Prasad M, Wang X, He L, Cai D, Montell DJ. Border Cell Migration: A Model System for Live Imaging and Genetic Analysis of Collective Cell Movement. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1328:89-97. [PMID: 26324431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2851-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Border cell migration in the Drosophila ovary has emerged as a genetically tractable model for studying collective cell movement. Over many years border cell migration was exclusively studied in fixed samples due to the inability to culture stage 9 egg chambers in vitro. Although culturing late-stage egg chambers was long feasible, stage 9 egg chambers survived only briefly outside the female body. We identified culture conditions that support stage 9 egg chamber development and sustain complete migration of border cells ex vivo. This protocol enables one to compare the dynamics of egg chamber development in wild-type and mutant egg chambers using time-lapse microscopy and taking advantage of a multiposition microscope with a motorized imaging stage. In addition, this protocol has been successfully used in combination with fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensors, photo-activatable proteins, and pharmacological agents and can be used with wide-field or confocal microscopes in either an upright or an inverted configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
160
|
Role of dermatopontin in re-epithelialization: implications on keratinocyte migration and proliferation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7385. [PMID: 25486882 PMCID: PMC4260223 DOI: 10.1038/srep07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is a key event in wound healing and any impairment in that process is associated with various pathological conditions. Epidermal keratinocyte migration and proliferation during re-epithelialization is largely regulated by the cytokines and growth factors from the provisional matrix and dermis. Extracellular matrix consists of numerous growth factors which mediate cell migration via cell membrane receptors. Dermatopontin (DPT), a non-collagenous matrix protein highly expressed in dermis is known for its striking ability to promote cell adhesion. DPT also enhances the biological activity of transforming growth factor beta 1 which plays a central role in the process of wound healing. This study was designed to envisage the role of DPT in keratinocyte migration and proliferation along with its mRNA and protein expression pattern in epidermis. The results showed that DPT promotes keratinocyte migration in a dose dependant fashion but fail to induce proliferation. Further, PCR and immunodetection studies revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of DPT is considerably negligible in the epidermis in contrast to the dermis. To conclude, DPT has a profound role in wound healing specifically during re-epithelialization by promoting keratinocyte migration via paracrine action from the underlying dermis.
Collapse
|
161
|
Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Allena R, Maini PK. Reaction–Diffusion Finite Element Model of Lateral Line Primordium Migration to Explore Cell Leadership. Bull Math Biol 2014; 76:3028-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
163
|
Differentiated cell behavior: a multiscale approach using measure theory. J Math Biol 2014; 71:1049-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-014-0846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
164
|
Kasten A, Naser T, Brüllhoff K, Fiedler J, Müller P, Möller M, Rychly J, Groll J, Brenner RE. Guidance of mesenchymal stem cells on fibronectin structured hydrogel films. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109411. [PMID: 25329487 PMCID: PMC4198140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing of implant surfaces using a suitable ligand for cell adhesion to stimulate specific biological responses of stem cells will boost the application of regenerative implants. For example, materials that facilitate rapid and guided migration of stem cells would promote tissue regeneration. When seeded on fibronectin (FN) that was homogeneously immmobilized to NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO), which otherwise prevents protein binding and cell adhesion, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) revealed a faster migration, increased spreading and a more rapid organization of different cellular components for cell adhesion on fibronectin than on a glass surface. To further explore, how a structural organization of FN controls the behavior of MSC, adhesive lines of FN with varying width between 10 µm and 80 µm and spacings between 5 µm and 20 µm that did not allow cell adhesion were generated. In dependance on both line width and gaps, cells formed adjacent cell contacts, were individually organized in lines, or bridged the lines. With decreasing sizes of FN lines, speed and directionality of cell migration increased, which correlated with organization of the actin cytoskeleton, size and shape of the nuclei as well as of focal adhesions. Together, defined FN lines and gaps enabled a fine tuning of the structural organization of cellular components and migration. Microstructured adhesive substrates can mimic the extracellular matrix in vivo and stimulate cellular mechanisms which play a role in tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kasten
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tamara Naser
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases of the Orthopedic Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Brüllhoff
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fiedler
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases of the Orthopedic Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Müller
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Rychly
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jürgen Groll
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases of the Orthopedic Department, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Chinen LTD, Mello CAL, Abdallah EA, Ocea LM, Buim ME, Breve NM, Gasparini JL, Fanelli MF, Paterlini-Bréchot P. Isolation, detection, and immunomorphological characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with different types of sarcoma using isolation by size of tumor cells: a window on sarcoma-cell invasion. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1609-17. [PMID: 25258541 PMCID: PMC4172081 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s62349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous neoplasms with poor prognosis that are thought to spread to distant organs mainly by hematogenous dissemination. However, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have never been visualized in sarcomas. Objectives To investigate the feasibility of using isolation by size of tumor cells (ISET) for isolation, identification, and characterization of CTCs derived from patients with high-grade and metastatic sarcomas. Patients and methods We studied eleven patients with metastatic/recurrent or locally advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs), six of whom had synovial sarcomas. Blood samples (8 mL) were collected from patients with advanced STS and treated by ISET, a marker- independent approach that isolates intact CTCs from blood, based on their larger size compared with leukocytes. CTCs were identified by cytomorphology and characterized by dual-color immunocytochemistry using antivimentin or anti-Pan CK, and anti-CD45. Results All patients with STS included in this study showed CTCs, with numbers ranging from two to 48 per 8 mL of blood. Conclusion This study shows the feasibility of isolating, identifying, and characterizing CTCs from patients with different types of sarcomas and the presence of circulating sarcoma cells in all the tested patients. Our results set the basis for further studies aimed at exploring the presence, number, and immunomolecular characteristics of CTCs in different types of sarcoma, and bring more light to the mechanisms of tumor invasion for these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Celso A Lopes Mello
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emne Ali Abdallah
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mm Ocea
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcilei E Buim
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália M Breve
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcello F Fanelli
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
166
|
Denes V, Lakk M, Makarovskiy A, Jakso P, Szappanos S, Graf L, Mandel L, Karadi I, Geck P. Metastasis blood test by flow cytometry:In vivocancer spheroids and the role of hypoxia. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Denes
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | | | - Pal Jakso
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szappanos
- Department of Oncotherapy; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Laszlo Graf
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1125 Hungary
| | - Laszlo Mandel
- Department of Oncotherapy; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Istvan Karadi
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1125 Hungary
| | - Peter Geck
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Shamloo A. Cell-cell interactions mediate cytoskeleton organization and collective endothelial cell chemotaxis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:501-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shamloo
- Center of Excellence in Energy Conversion (CEEC); Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
|
169
|
Zhang X, Martinez D, Koledova Z, Qiao G, Streuli CH, Lu P. FGF ligands of the postnatal mammary stroma regulate distinct aspects of epithelial morphogenesis. Development 2014; 141:3352-62. [PMID: 25078648 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
FGF signaling is essential for mammary gland development, yet the mechanisms by which different members of the FGF family control stem cell function and epithelial morphogenesis in this tissue are not well understood. Here, we have examined the requirement of Fgfr2 in mouse mammary gland morphogenesis using a postnatal organ regeneration model. We found that tissue regeneration from basal stem cells is a multistep event, including luminal differentiation and subsequent epithelial branching morphogenesis. Basal cells lacking Fgfr2 did not generate an epithelial network owing to a failure in luminal differentiation. Moreover, Fgfr2 null epithelium was unable to undergo ductal branch initiation and elongation due to a deficiency in directional migration. We identified FGF10 and FGF2 as stromal ligands that control distinct aspects of mammary ductal branching. FGF10 regulates branch initiation, which depends on directional epithelial migration. By contrast, FGF2 controls ductal elongation, requiring cell proliferation and epithelial expansion. Together, our data highlight a pleiotropic role of Fgfr2 in stem cell differentiation and branch initiation, and reveal that different FGF ligands regulate distinct aspects of epithelial behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Denisse Martinez
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Zuzana Koledova
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guijuan Qiao
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Rapanan JL, Cooper KE, Leyva KJ, Hull EE. Collective cell migration of primary zebrafish keratocytes. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:155-65. [PMID: 24973510 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish keratocytes are an established model in single cell motility but little is known about their collective migration. Initially, sheets migrate from the scale at ~145 μm/h but over the course of 24h the rate of leading edge advance decreases to ~23 μm/h. During this period, leader cells retain their ability to migrate rapidly when released from the sheet and follower cell area increases. After the addition of RGD peptide, leader cell lamellae are lost, altering migratory forces within the sheet, resulting in rapid retraction. Leader and follower cell states interconvert within minutes with changes in cell-cell adhesions. Leader cells migrate as single cells when they detach from the leading edge and single cells appear to become leader cells if they rejoin the sheet. Follower cells rapidly establish leader cell morphology during closing of holes formed during sheet expansion and revert to follower cell morphology after hole-closure. Inhibition of Rho associated kinase releases leader cells and halts advancement of the leading edge suggesting an important role for the intercellular actomyosin cable at the leading edge. In addition, the presence of the stationary scale orients direction of sheet migration which is characterized by a more uniform advance of the leading edge than in some cell line systems. These data establish fish keratocyte explant cultures as a collective cell migration system and suggest that cell-cell interactions determine the role of keratocytes within the migrating sheet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Rapanan
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| | - Kimbal E Cooper
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| | - Kathryn J Leyva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, United States
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Wong MH, Xue A, Julovi SM, Pavlakis N, Samra JS, Hugh TJ, Gill AJ, Peters L, Baxter RC, Smith RC. Cotargeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and PI3K Overcomes PI3K–Akt Oncogenic Dependence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4047-58. [PMID: 24895459 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
172
|
Abstract
The family of Rho GTPases are intracellular signal transducers that link cell surface signals to multiple intracellular responses. They are best known for their role in regulating actin dynamics required for cell migration, but in addition control cell-cell adhesion, polarization, vesicle trafficking, and the cell cycle. The roles of Rho GTPases in single mesenchymal cell migration are well established and rely on Cdc42- and Rac-dependent cell protrusion of a leading edge, coupled to Rho-dependent contractility required to move the cell body forward. In cells migrating collectively, cell-cell junctions are maintained, and migrating leader cells are mechanically coupled to, and coordinate, migration with follower cells. Recent evidence suggests that Rho GTPases provide multifunctional input to collective cell polarization, cell-cell interaction, and migration. Here, we discuss the role of Rho GTPases in initiating and maintaining front-rear, apical-basal cell polarization, mechanotransduction, and cell-cell junction stability between leader and follower cells, and how these roles are integrated in collective migration. Thereby, spatiotemporal fine-tuning of Rho GTPases within the same cell and among cells in the cell group are crucial in controlling potentially conflicting, divergent cell adhesion and cytoskeletal functions to achieve supracellular coordination and mechanocoupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen, the Netherlands; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands; Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Cell jamming: collective invasion of mesenchymal tumor cells imposed by tissue confinement. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2386-95. [PMID: 24721714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer invasion is a multi-step process which coordinates interactions between tumor cells with mechanotransduction towards the surrounding matrix, resulting in distinct cancer invasion strategies. Defined by context, mesenchymal tumors, including melanoma and fibrosarcoma, develop either single-cell or collective invasion modes, however, the mechanical and molecular programs underlying such plasticity of mesenchymal invasion programs remain unclear. METHODS To test how tissue anatomy determines invasion mode, spheroids of MV3 melanoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells were embedded into 3D collagen matrices of varying density and stiffness and analyzed for migration type and efficacy with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent collagen degradation enabled or pharmacologically inhibited. RESULTS With increasing collagen density and dependent on proteolytic collagen breakdown and track clearance, but independent of matrix stiffness, cells switched from single-cell to collective invasion modes. Conversion to collective invasion included gain of cell-to-cell junctions, supracellular polarization and joint guidance along migration tracks. CONCLUSIONS The density of the extracellulair matrix (ECM) determines the invasion mode of mesenchymal tumor cells. Whereas fibrillar, high porosity ECM enables single-cell dissemination, dense matrix induces cell-cell interaction, leader-follower cell behavior and collective migration as an obligate protease-dependent process. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings establish plasticity of cancer invasion programs in response to ECM porosity and confinement, thereby recapitulating invasion patterns of mesenchymal tumors in vivo. The conversion to collective invasion with increasing ECM confinement supports the concept of cell jamming as a guiding principle for melanoma and fibrosarcoma cells into dense tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
Collapse
|
174
|
Marcq P. Spatio-temporal dynamics of an active, polar, viscoelastic ring. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:29. [PMID: 24771233 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive equations for a one-dimensional, active, polar, viscoelastic liquid are derived by treating the strain field as a slow hydrodynamic variable. Taking into account the couplings between strain and polarity allowed by symmetry, the hydrodynamics of an active, polar, viscoelastic body include an evolution equation for the polarity field that generalizes the damped Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. Beyond thresholds of the active coupling coefficients between the polarity and the stress or the strain rate, bifurcations of the homogeneous state lead first to stationary waves, then to propagating waves of the strain, stress and polarity fields. I argue that these results are relevant to living matter, and may explain rotating actomyosin rings in cells and mechanical waves in epithelial cell monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marcq
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris Cedex 05, France,
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Ekert JE, Johnson K, Strake B, Pardinas J, Jarantow S, Perkinson R, Colter DC. Three-dimensional lung tumor microenvironment modulates therapeutic compound responsiveness in vitro--implication for drug development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92248. [PMID: 24638075 PMCID: PMC3956916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is gaining acceptance in response to the need for cellular models that better mimic physiologic tissues. Spheroids are one such 3D model where clusters of cells will undergo self-assembly to form viable, 3D tumor-like structures. However, to date little is known about how spheroid biology compares to that of the more traditional and widely utilized 2D monolayer cultures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and functional differences between lung tumor cells grown as 2D monolayer cultures, versus cells grown as 3D spheroids. Eight lung tumor cell lines, displaying varying levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cMET protein expression, were used to develop a 3D spheroid cell culture model using low attachment U-bottom plates. The 3D spheroids were compared with cells grown in monolayer for 1) EGFR and cMET receptor expression, as determined by flow cytometry, 2) EGFR and cMET phosphorylation by MSD assay, and 3) cell proliferation in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In addition, drug responsiveness to EGFR and cMET inhibitors (Erlotinib, Crizotinib, Cetuximab [Erbitux] and Onartuzumab [MetMab]) was evaluated by measuring the extent of cell proliferation and migration. Data showed that EGFR and cMET expression is reduced at day four of untreated spheroid culture compared to monolayer. Basal phosphorylation of EGFR and cMET was higher in spheroids compared to monolayer cultures. Spheroids showed reduced EGFR and cMET phosphorylation when stimulated with ligand compared to 2D cultures. Spheroids showed an altered cell proliferation response to HGF, as well as to EGFR and cMET inhibitors, compared to monolayer cultures. Finally, spheroid cultures showed exceptional utility in a cell migration assay. Overall, the 3D spheroid culture changed the cellular response to drugs and growth factors and may more accurately mimic the natural tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Ekert
- Biologics Research, Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Janssen R&D, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kjell Johnson
- Arbor Analytics, LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Jose Pardinas
- Biologics Research, Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Janssen R&D, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen Jarantow
- Biologics Research, Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Janssen R&D, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Perkinson
- Biologics Research, Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Janssen R&D, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David C. Colter
- Biologics Research, Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Janssen R&D, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Safferling K, Sütterlin T, Westphal K, Ernst C, Breuhahn K, James M, Jäger D, Halama N, Grabe N. Wound healing revised: a novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 203:691-709. [PMID: 24385489 PMCID: PMC3840932 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201212020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental analysis and computational modeling of epidermal wound closure in 3D suggests an important role for surrounding tissue in determining epithelial cell movement and fate. Wound healing is a complex process in which a tissue’s individual cells have to be orchestrated in an efficient and robust way. We integrated multiplex protein analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and whole-slide imaging into a novel medium-throughput platform for quantitatively capturing proliferation, differentiation, and migration in large numbers of organotypic skin cultures comprising epidermis and dermis. Using fluorescent time-lag staining, we were able to infer source and final destination of keratinocytes in the healing epidermis. This resulted in a novel extending shield reepithelialization mechanism, which we confirmed by computational multicellular modeling and perturbation of tongue extension. This work provides a consistent experimental and theoretical model for epidermal wound closure in 3D, negating the previously proposed concepts of epidermal tongue extension and highlighting the so far underestimated role of the surrounding tissue. Based on our findings, epidermal wound closure is a process in which cell behavior is orchestrated by a higher level of tissue control that 2D monolayer assays are not able to capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Safferling
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, BIOQUANT, and 2 Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Menko AS, Bleaken BM, Walker JL. Regional-specific alterations in cell-cell junctions, cytoskeletal networks and myosin-mediated mechanical cues coordinate collectivity of movement of epithelial cells in response to injury. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:133-48. [PMID: 24397950 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how epithelial cells moving together function to coordinate their collective movement to repair a wound. Using a lens ex vivo mock cataract surgery model we show that region-specific reorganization of cell-cell junctions, cytoskeletal networks and myosin function along apical and basal domains of an epithelium mediates the process of collective migration. An apical junctional complex composed of N-cadherin/ZO-1/myosin II linked to a cortical actin cytoskeleton network maintains integrity of the tissue during the healing process. These cells' basal domains often preceded their apical domains in the direction of movement, where an atypical N-cadherin/ZO-1 junction, linked to an actin stress fiber network rich in phosphomyosin, was prominent in cryptic lamellipodia. These junctions joined the protruding forward-moving lamellipodia to the back end of the cell moving directly in front of it. These were the only junctions detected in cryptic lamellipodia of lens epithelia migrating in response to wounding that could transmit the protrusive forces that drive collective movement. Both integrity of the epithelium and ability to effectively heal the wound was found to depend on myosin mechanical cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Wills Vision Research Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - B M Bleaken
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - J L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Wills Vision Research Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Jonkman JEN, Cathcart JA, Xu F, Bartolini ME, Amon JE, Stevens KM, Colarusso P. An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:440-51. [PMID: 25482647 PMCID: PMC5154238 DOI: 10.4161/cam.36224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing assay is used in a range of disciplines to study the coordinated movement of a cell population. In this technical review, we describe the workflow of the wound healing assay as monitored by optical microscopy. Although the assay is straightforward, a lack of standardization in its application makes it difficult to compare results and reproduce experiments among researchers. We recommend general guidelines for consistency, including: (1) sample preparation including the creation of the gap, (2) microscope equipment requirements, (3) image acquisition, and (4) the use of image analysis to measure the gap size and its rate of closure over time. We also describe parameters that are specific to the particular research question, such as seeding density and matrix coatings. All of these parameters must be carefully controlled within a given set of experiments in order to achieve accurate and reproducible results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E. N. Jonkman
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Judith A. Cathcart
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Feng Xu
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Miria E. Bartolini
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Amon
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
| | - Katarzyna M. Stevens
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology;
University of Calgary; Calgary, AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Vedula SRK, Ravasio A, Anon E, Chen T, Peyret G, Ashraf M, Ladoux B. Microfabricated environments to study collective cell behaviors. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 120:235-52. [PMID: 24484669 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417136-7.00016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated cell movements in epithelial layers are essential for proper tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Microfabrication techniques have proven to be very useful for studies of collective cell migration in vitro. In this chapter, we briefly review the use of microfabricated substrates in providing new insights into collective cell behaviors. We first describe the development of micropatterned substrates to study the influence of geometrical constraints on cell migration and coordinated movements. Then, we present an alternative method based on microfabricated pillar substrates to create well-defined gaps within cell sheets and study gap closure. We also provide a discussion that presents possible pitfalls and sheds light onto the important parameters that allow the study of long-term cell culture on substrates of well-defined geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ester Anon
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Diderot, and Unité Mixte de Recherche 7057 CNRS, Paris, France; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grégoire Peyret
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Ashraf
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Deka G, Okano K, Masuhara H, Li YK, Kao FJ. Metabolic variation of HeLa cells migrating on microfabricated cytophilic channels studied by the fluorescence lifetime of NADH. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports an in situ surface-modification of a substrate by laser ablation for monitoring the metabolic physiology of migrating cells through guided channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjal Deka
- Institute of Biophotonics
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Tin-Ka Ping Photonics Centre
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics
- National Yang-Ming University
- Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Rizqiawan A, Tobiume K, Okui G, Yamamoto K, Shigeishi H, Ono S, Shimasue H, Takechi M, Higashikawa K, Kamata N. Autocrine galectin-1 promotes collective cell migration of squamous cell carcinoma cells through up-regulation of distinct integrins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:904-10. [PMID: 24211210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We found that high galectin-1 (Gal-1) mRNA levels were associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells that expressed Snail, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator. Both Gal-1 overexpression and soluble Gal-1 treatment accelerated invasion and collective cell migration, along with activation of cdc42 and Rac. Soluble Gal-1 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase to increase expression levels of integrins α2 and β5, which were essential for Gal-1 dependent collective cell migration and invasiveness. Soluble Gal-1 also increased the incidence of EMT in Snail-expressing SCC cells; these were a minor population with an EMT phenotype under growing conditions. Our findings indicate that soluble Gal-1 promotes invasiveness through enhancing collective cell migration and increasing the incidence of EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra Rizqiawan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School and Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Nobis M, Carragher NO, McGhee EJ, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Anderson KI, Timpson P. Advanced intravital subcellular imaging reveals vital three-dimensional signalling events driving cancer cell behaviour and drug responses in live tissue. FEBS J 2013; 280:5177-97. [PMID: 23678945 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The integration of signal transduction pathways plays a fundamental role in governing disease initiation, progression and outcome. It is therefore necessary to understand disease at the signalling level to enable effective treatment and to intervene in its progression. The recent extension of in vitro subcellular image-based analysis to live in vivo modelling of disease is providing a more complete picture of real-time, dynamic signalling processes or drug responses in live tissue. Intravital imaging offers alternative strategies for studying disease and embraces the biological complexities that govern disease progression. In the present review, we highlight how three-dimensional or live intravital imaging has uncovered novel insights into biological mechanisms or modes of drug action. Furthermore, we offer a prospective view of how imaging applications may be integrated further with the aim of understanding disease in a more physiological and functional manner within the framework of the drug discovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Nobis
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Allena R, Aubry D, Sharpe J. On the mechanical interplay between intra- and inter-synchronization during collective cell migration: a numerical investigation. Bull Math Biol 2013; 75:2575-99. [PMID: 24135793 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a fundamental process that takes place during several biological phenomena such as embryogenesis, immunity response, and tumorogenesis, but the mechanisms that regulate it are still unclear. Similarly to collective animal behavior, cells receive feedbacks in space and time, which control the direction of the migration and the synergy between the cells of the population, respectively. While in single cell migration intra-synchronization (i.e. the synchronization between the protrusion-contraction movement of the cell and the adhesion forces exerted by the cell to move forward) is a sufficient condition for an efficient migration, in collective cell migration the cells must communicate and coordinate their movement between each other in order to be as efficient as possible (i.e. inter-synchronization). Here, we propose a 2D mechanical model of a cell population, which is described as a continuum with embedded discrete cells with or without motility phenotype. The decomposition of the deformation gradient is employed to reproduce the cyclic active strains of each single cell (i.e. protrusion and contraction). We explore different modes of collective migration to investigate the mechanical interplay between intra- and inter-synchronization. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the cell population in terms of covered distance and how the stress distribution inside the cohort and the single cells may in turn provide insights regarding such efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Allena
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), UPF, Barcelona, Spain,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Lara Rodriguez L, Schneider IC. Directed cell migration in multi-cue environments. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:1306-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian C. Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Viktorinová I, Dahmann C. Microtubule polarity predicts direction of egg chamber rotation in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1472-7. [PMID: 23831293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole-tissue rotations have recently been recognized as a widespread morphogenetic process important for tissue elongation [1-4]. In Drosophila ovaries, elongation of the egg chamber involves a global rotation of the follicle epithelium along the anterior-posterior axis [5]. Individual egg chambers rotate either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; however, how the symmetry of egg chambers is broken to allow rotation remains unknown. Here we show that at the basal side of follicle cells, microtubules are preferentially aligned perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis of the egg chamber. Microtubule depolymerization stalls egg chamber rotation and egg chamber elongation. The preferential alignment of microtubules and egg chamber rotation depend on the atypical cadherin Fat2 and the planar polarized Fat2 localization depends on intact microtubules. Moreover, by tracking microtubule plus-end growth in vivo using EB1::GFP, we find that microtubules are highly polarized in the plane of the follicle epithelium. Polarization of microtubules precedes the onset of egg chamber rotation and predicts the direction of rotation. Our data suggest a feedback amplification mechanism between Fat2 localization and microtubule polarity involved in breaking symmetry and directing egg chamber rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Viktorinová
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
N-cadherin regulates spatially polarized signals through distinct p120ctn and β-catenin-dependent signalling pathways. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1589. [PMID: 23481397 PMCID: PMC3602931 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distribution of molecular signals within cells is crucial for cellular functions. Here, as a model to study the polarized spatial distribution of molecular activities, we used cells on micro-patterned strips of fibronectin with one end free and the other end contacting a neighboring cell. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the small GTPase Rac display greater activity at the free end, whereas myosin II light chain (MLC) and actin filaments are enriched near the intercellular junction. PI3K and Rac polarization depend specifically on the N-cadherin-p120ctn complex, whereas MLC and actin filament polarization depend on the N-cadherin-β-catenin complex. Integrins promote high PI3K/Rac activities at the free end, and the N-cadherin–p120ctn complex excludes integrin α5 at the junctions to suppress local PI3K and Rac activity. We hence conclude that N-cadherin couples with distinct effectors to polarize PI3K/Rac and MLC/actin filaments in migrating cells.
Collapse
|
187
|
Leong MC, Vedula SRK, Lim CT, Ladoux B. Geometrical constraints and physical crowding direct collective migration of fibroblasts. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e23197. [PMID: 23750300 PMCID: PMC3609846 DOI: 10.4161/cib.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells constantly interact with their immediate microenvironment and neighbors. Although studies on single cell migration offer us insights into the molecular and biochemical signaling pathways, they cannot predict the influence of cell crowding and geometrical cues. Using microfabrication techniques, we examine the influence of cell density and geometrical constraints on migrating fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were allowed to migrate on fibronectin strips of different widths. Under such conditions, cells experience various physical guidance cues including boundary effect, confinement and contact inhibition from neighboring cells. Fibroblasts migrating along the edge of the fibronectin pattern exhibit spindle-like morphology, reminiscent of migrating cells within confined space and high cell density are associated with increased alignment and higher speed in migrating fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Chun Leong
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Donnez O, Van Langendonckt A, Defrère S, Colette S, Van Kerk O, Dehoux JP, Squifflet J, Donnez J. Induction of endometriotic nodules in an experimental baboon model mimicking human deep nodular lesions. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:783-789.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
189
|
Abstract
Tumour progression requires the activation of a tumour and stromal cell-driven angiogenic programme, and the targeting of this process demonstrates an impact on tumour growth and progression. The results of preclinical studies have demonstrated a proinvasive/metastatic effect of antiangiogenic treatments with recent evidence supporting a contribution of the stroma to tumour aggressiveness and the short-term effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Furthermore, hypoxia-dependent and -independent factors are considered as driving forces for tumour cell escape by altering both the tumour cells themselves and the stroma. This tumour-stromal cell alliance should be taken into consideration for the development of innovative therapeutic options targeting both tumour components to improve clinical benefits for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Moserle
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Abstract
Cell polarity is fundamental for the architecture and function of epithelial tissues. Epithelial polarization requires the intervention of several fundamental cell processes, whose integration in space and time is only starting to be elucidated. To understand what governs the building of epithelial tissues during development, it is essential to consider the polarization process in the context of the whole tissue. To this end, the development of three-dimensional organotypic cell culture models has brought new insights into the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of higher-order epithelial tissue architecture, and in the dynamic remodeling of cell polarity that often occurs during development of epithelial organs. Here we discuss some important aspects of mammalian epithelial morphogenesis, from the establishment of cell polarity to epithelial tissue generation.
Collapse
|
191
|
Scianna M, Preziosi L, Wolf K. A Cellular Potts Model simulating cell migration on and in matrix environments. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2013; 10:235-261. [PMID: 23311371 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2013.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration on and through extracellular matrix is fundamental in a wide variety of physiological and pathological phenomena, and is exploited in scaffold-based tissue engineering. Migration is regulated by a number of extracellular matrix- or cell-derived biophysical parameters, such as matrix fiber orientation, pore size, and elasticity, or cell deformation, proteolysis, and adhesion. We here present an extended Cellular Potts Model (CPM) able to qualitatively and quantitatively describe cell migration efficiencies and phenotypes both on two-dimensional substrates and within three-dimensional matrices, close to experimental evidence. As distinct features of our approach, cells are modeled as compartmentalized discrete objects, differentiated into nucleus and cytosolic region, while the extracellular matrix is composed of a fibrous mesh and a homogeneous fluid. Our model provides a strong correlation of the directionality of migration with the topological extracellular matrix distribution and a biphasic dependence of migration on the matrix structure, density, adhesion, and stiffness, and, moreover, simulates that cell locomotion in highly constrained fibrillar obstacles requires the deformation of the cell's nucleus and/or the activity of cell-derived proteolysis. In conclusion, we here propose a mathematical modeling approach that serves to characterize cell migration as a biological phenomenon in healthy and diseased tissues and in engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scianna
- Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Yu M, Bardia A, Wittner BS, Stott SL, Smas ME, Ting DT, Isakoff SJ, Ciciliano JC, Wells MN, Shah AM, Concannon KF, Donaldson MC, Sequist LV, Brachtel E, Sgroi D, Baselga J, Ramaswamy S, Toner M, Haber DA, Maheswaran S. Circulating breast tumor cells exhibit dynamic changes in epithelial and mesenchymal composition. Science 2013; 339:580-4. [PMID: 23372014 PMCID: PMC3760262 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1837] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of adherent epithelial cells to a migratory mesenchymal state has been implicated in tumor metastasis in preclinical models. To investigate its role in human cancer, we characterized EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients. Rare primary tumor cells simultaneously expressed mesenchymal and epithelial markers, but mesenchymal cells were highly enriched in CTCs. Serial CTC monitoring in 11 patients suggested an association of mesenchymal CTCs with disease progression. In an index patient, reversible shifts between these cell fates accompanied each cycle of response to therapy and disease progression. Mesenchymal CTCs occurred as both single cells and multicellular clusters, expressing known EMT regulators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway components and the FOXC1 transcription factor. These data support a role for EMT in the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ben S. Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shannon L. Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Malgorzata E. Smas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - David T. Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Steven J. Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jordan C. Ciciliano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marissa N. Wells
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kyle F. Concannon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria C. Donaldson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lecia V. Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Elena Brachtel
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dennis Sgroi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jose Baselga
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Bioengineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Structure–activity relationship investigation of methoxy substitution on anticancer pyrimido[4,5-c]quinolin-1(2H)-ones. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
194
|
Boulter E, Estrach S, Errante A, Pons C, Cailleteau L, Tissot F, Meneguzzi G, Féral CC. CD98hc (SLC3A2) regulation of skin homeostasis wanes with age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:173-90. [PMID: 23296466 PMCID: PMC3549711 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of CD98hc expression in young adult skin induces changes similar to those associated with aging, including improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. Skin aging is linked to reduced epidermal proliferation and general extracellular matrix atrophy. This involves factors such as the cell adhesion receptors integrins and amino acid transporters. CD98hc (SLC3A2), a heterodimeric amino acid transporter, modulates integrin signaling in vitro. We unravel CD98hc functions in vivo in skin. We report that CD98hc invalidation has no appreciable effect on cell adhesion, clearly showing that CD98hc disruption phenocopies neither CD98hc knockdown in cultured keratinocytes nor epidermal β1 integrin loss in vivo. Instead, we show that CD98hc deletion in murine epidermis results in improper skin homeostasis and epidermal wound healing. These defects resemble aged skin alterations and correlate with reduction of CD98hc expression observed in elderly mice. We also demonstrate that CD98hc absence in vivo induces defects as early as integrin-dependent Src activation. We decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in vivo by revealing a crucial role of the CD98hc/integrins/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG)/RhoA pathway in skin homeostasis. Finally, we demonstrate that the deregulation of RhoA activation in the absence of CD98hc is also a result of impaired CD98hc-dependent amino acid transports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulter
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice, AVENIR Team, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice 06107, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
El Sayed KA, Foudah AI, Mayer AMS, Crider AM, Song D. Synthesis, microbial transformation, and pharmacological evaluation of 4,5-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-ones and related analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
196
|
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and dissemination from primary tumors are complex multistep mechanisms which remain poorly understood. It is now clear that cancer cells can adapt their mode of invasion to the signalling provided by the surrounding stroma. Single and collective cancer cell invasion are the two invasion features most currently observed and described by pathologists. Here we describe a three-dimensional organotypic assay that allows the study of squamous cell carcinoma cell collective invasion induced by the carcinoma associated fibroblasts. This model preserves the relationship between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, which are observed in vivo, and allows to decipher the molecular and cellular mechanisms involving the tumor and its stromal microenvironment. This three-dimensional model of invasion provides an invaluable tool to gain major insights in the understanding of tumor cell dissemination.
Collapse
|
197
|
Group choreography: mechanisms orchestrating the collective movement of border cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:631-45. [PMID: 23000794 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell movements are essential for animal development and homeostasis but also contribute to disease. Moving cells typically extend protrusions towards a chemoattractant, adhere to the substrate, contract and detach at the rear. It is less clear how cells that migrate in interconnected groups in vivo coordinate their behaviour and navigate through natural environments. The border cells of the Drosophila melanogaster ovary have emerged as an excellent model for the study of collective cell movement, aided by innovative genetic, live imaging, and photomanipulation techniques. Here we provide an overview of the molecular choreography of border cells and its more general implications.
Collapse
|
198
|
Orgaz JL, Sanz-Moreno V. Emerging molecular targets in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:39-57. [PMID: 23095214 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cutaneous melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its aggressiveness and high resistance to current therapies. To efficiently metastasize, invasive melanoma cells need to change their cytoskeletal organization and alter contacts with the extracellular matrix and the surrounding stromal cells. Melanoma cells can use different migratory strategies depending on varying environments to exit the primary tumour mass and invade surrounding and later distant tissues. In this review, we have focused on tumour cell plasticity or the interconvertibility that melanoma cells have as one of the factors that contribute to melanoma metastasis. This has been an area of very intense research in the last 5 yr yielding a vast number of findings. We have therefore reviewed all the possible clinical opportunities that this new knowledge offers to both stratify and treat cutaneous malignant melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Orgaz
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Ng MR, Besser A, Danuser G, Brugge JS. Substrate stiffness regulates cadherin-dependent collective migration through myosin-II contractility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 199:545-63. [PMID: 23091067 PMCID: PMC3483134 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201207148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment is known to influence single-cell migration; however, the extent to which mechanical cues affect collective migration of adherent cells is not well understood. We measured the effects of varying substrate compliance on individual cell migratory properties in an epithelial wound-healing assay. Increasing substrate stiffness increased collective cell migration speed, persistence, and directionality as well as the coordination of cell movements. Dynamic analysis revealed that wounding initiated a wave of motion coordination from the wound edge into the sheet. This was accompanied by a front-to-back gradient of myosin-II activation and establishment of cell polarity. The propagation was faster and farther reaching on stiff substrates, indicating that substrate stiffness affects the transmission of directional cues. Manipulation of myosin-II activity and cadherin-catenin complexes revealed that this transmission is mediated by coupling of contractile forces between neighboring cells. Thus, our findings suggest that the mechanical environment integrates in a feedback with cell contractility and cell-cell adhesion to regulate collective migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Rosa Ng
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Abstract
SUMMARY Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood of patients affected by lung cancer. CTCs may be the origin of micrometastases, which may be present even if not detectable by standard imaging techniques. Different approaches have been developed to detect CTCs, but the only validated approach (CellSearch®; Veridex, LLC, NJ, USA) is limited by its intrinsic dependence on EpCAM expression. Several studies investigating the role of CTCs as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive factors have been published. To date, there is growing evidence supporting the notion that CTCs can be considered as independent prognostic factors in advanced and radically resected non-small-cell lung cancer and in small-cell lung cancer. CTCs could also represent a promising way to assess biological features that are predictive of response to target agents and to evaluate the onset of mechanisms of resistance after chemotherapy or biological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bordi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|