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Bhuiyan S, Shen M, Chelvaretnam S, Tan AY, Ho G, Hossain MA, Widdop RE, Samuel CS. Assessment of renal fibrosis and anti-fibrotic agents using a novel diagnostic and stain-free second-harmonic generation platform. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21595. [PMID: 33908676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002053rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Current histological measurement techniques for interstitial collagen, the basis of interstitial fibrosis, are semi-quantitative at best and only provide a ratio of collagen levels within tissues. The Genesis200 imaging system and supplemental image analysis software, FibroIndex from HistoIndex, is a novel, automated platform that uses second-harmonic generation (SHG) for imaging and characterization of interstitial collagen deposition and additional characteristics, in the absence of any staining. However, its ability to quantify renal fibrosis requires investigation. This study compared SHG imaging of renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), to that of Masson's trichrome staining (MTS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of collagen I. Additionally, the platform generated data on collagen morphology and distribution patterns. While all three methods determined that UUO-injured mice underwent significantly increased renal fibrosis after 7 days, the HistoIndex platform additionally determined that UUO-injured mice had a significantly increased collagen-to-tissue cross reticulation ratio (all P < .001 vs sham group). Furthermore, in UUO-injured mice treated with the relaxin family peptide receptor-1 agonists, relaxin (0.5 mg/kg/day) or B7-33 (0.25 mg/kg/day), or angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor, perindopril (1 mg/kg/day) over the 7-day period, only the HistoIndex platform determined that the drug-induced prevention of renal fibrosis correlated with significantly reduced collagen fiber thickness and collagen-to-tissue cross reticulation ratio, but increased collagen fiber counts. Relaxin or B7-33 treatment also increased renal matrix metalloproteinase-2 and reduced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels (all P < .01 vs UUO alone). This study demonstrated the diagnostic value of the HistoIndex platform over currently used staining techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadman Bhuiyan
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Shen
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharenya Chelvaretnam
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre Y Tan
- HistoIndex Pte Ltd, The LaunchPad, Fusionopolis, Singapore
| | - Gideon Ho
- HistoIndex Pte Ltd, The LaunchPad, Fusionopolis, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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152
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Anisotropic and age-dependent elastic material behavior of the human costal cartilage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13618. [PMID: 34193931 PMCID: PMC8245550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to articular cartilage, the biomechanical properties of costal cartilage have not yet been extensively explored. The research presented addresses this problem by studying for the first time the anisotropic elastic behavior of human costal cartilage. Samples were taken from 12 male and female cadavers and unconfined compression and indentation tests were performed in mediolateral and dorsoventral direction to determine Young’s Moduli EC for compression and Ei5%, Ei10% and Eimax at 5%, 10% and maximum strain for indentation. Furthermore, the crack direction of the unconfined compression samples was determined and histological samples of the cartilage tissue were examined with the picrosirius-polarization staining method. The tests revealed mean Young’s Moduli of EC = 32.9 ± 17.9 MPa (N = 10), Ei5% = 11.1 ± 5.6 MPa (N = 12), Ei10% = 13.3 ± 6.3 MPa (N = 12) and Eimax = 14.6 ± 6.6 MPa (N = 12). We found that the Young’s Moduli in the indentation test are clearly anisotropic with significant higher results in the mediolateral direction (all P = 0.002). In addition, a dependence of the crack direction of the compressed specimens on the load orientation was observed. Those findings were supported by the orientation of the structure of the collagen fibers determined in the histological examination. Also, a significant age-related elastic behavior of human costal cartilage could be shown with the unconfined compression test (P = 0.009) and the indentation test (P = 0.004), but no sex effect could be detected. Those results are helpful in the field of autologous grafts for rhinoplastic surgery and for the refinement of material parameters in Finite Element models e.g., for accident analyses with traumatic impact on the thorax.
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153
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Zhou Y, Bennett TM, Shiels A. Mutation of the TRPM3 cation channel underlies progressive cataract development and lens calcification associated with pro-fibrotic and immune cell responses. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21288. [PMID: 33484482 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transient-receptor-potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 3 (TRPM3) serves as a polymodal calcium sensor in diverse mammalian cell-types. Mutation of the human TRPM3 gene (TRPM3) has been linked with inherited forms of early-onset cataract with or without other eye abnormalities. Here, we have characterized the ocular phenotypes of germline "knock-in" mice that harbor a human cataract-associated isoleucine-to-methionine mutation (p.I65M) in TRPM3 (Trpm3-mutant) compared with germline "knock-out" mice that functionally lack TRPM3 (Trpm3-null). Despite strong expression of Trpm3 in lens epithelial cells, neither heterozygous (Trpm3+/- ) nor homozygous (Trpm3-/- ) Trpm3-null mice developed cataract; however, the latter exhibited a mild impairment of lens growth. In contrast, homozygous Trpm3-M/M mutants developed severe, progressive, anterior pyramid-like cataract with microphthalmia, whereas heterozygous Trpm3-I/M and hemizygous Trpm3-M/- mutants developed anterior pyramidal cataract with delayed onset and progression-consistent with a semi-dominant lens phenotype. Histochemical staining revealed abnormal accumulation of calcium phosphate-like deposits and collagen fibrils in Trpm3-mutant lenses and immunoblotting detected increased αII-spectrin cleavage products consistent with calpain hyper-activation. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy of Trpm3-M/M mutant lenses revealed fiber cell membrane degeneration that was accompanied by accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive (α-SMA+ve) myofibroblast-like cells and macrosialin positive (CD68+ve) macrophage-like cells. Collectively, our mouse model data support an ocular disease association for TRPM3 in humans and suggest that (1) Trpm3 deficiency impaired lens growth but not lens transparency and (2) Trpm3 dysfunction resulted in progressive lens degeneration and calcification coupled with pro-fibrotic (α-SMA+ve) and immune (CD68+ve) cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas M Bennett
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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154
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Enhancement of Rotator Cuff Healing with Farnesol-Impregnated Gellan Gum/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Membranes in a Rabbit Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070944. [PMID: 34202556 PMCID: PMC8309098 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most rotator cuff (RC) tears occur at the bone–tendon interface and cause disability and pain. Farnesol, a sesquiterpene compound, can exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and promote collagen synthesis. In this rabbit model, either commercial SurgiWrap membrane or hydrogel membranes containing various compositions of gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, and farnesol (hereafter GHF membranes) were applied to the tear site, and the repair of the cuff was examined 2 and 3 weeks afterward. The designed membranes swelled rapidly and adsorbed onto the tear site more readily and closely than the SurgiWrap membrane. The membranes degraded slowly and functioned as both a barrier and a vehicle of slow farnesol release during the repair period. Farnesol enhanced collagen production in myoblasts and tenocytes, and interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α levels were modulated. Gross observations and histological examinations indicated that the GHF membranes impregnated with 4 mM farnesol resulted in superior RC repair. In sum, the slow release of farnesol from hydrogel membranes can be beneficial in the repair of RC injuries.
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155
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Artzi Z, Renert U, Netanely E, Thoma DS, Vered M. Histologic composition of marginal mucosal tissue augmented by a resorbable volume-stable collagen matrix in soft tissue thickening procedures in humans: a morphometric observational study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:427-435. [PMID: 34164734 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine the composition of lining and masticatory mucosa at the pre- and post-soft tissue augmentation procedures with a volume-stable cross-linking collagen matrix (VCMX) in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 12 patients, single implant sites were augmented with a VCMX. Biopsies were obtained including masticatory (MM) and lining (LM) mucosa before augmentation and at 12 weeks post-augmentation procedures. Rete pegs density (RPD), length (RPL), and blood vessel density (BVD) were histomorphometrically analyzed at both time points. Picrosirius red staining under polarized light microscopy was used to evaluate collagen fiber organization. The effects of time and tissue type were evaluated by ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS Both MM and LM areas demonstrated an increase in mean RPL following augmentation, 382.6 µm ± 95.1 vs. 290.5 µm ± 79.3 and 335.6 µm ± 94.2 vs. 292.9 µm ± 77.0, respectively (p < .05). There was a significant difference in the numbers of RP per 1 mm length (RPD) between the MM (9.2 ± 1.7) and LM (6.1 ± 2.8) mucosa but not between the pre- and post-VCMX augmentation time points. The mean BVD in the LM was greater than in the MM (5.5 ± 2.4 and 6.3 ± 2.4 vs. 3.4 ± 3.3 and 3.7 ± 1.8, respectively, p < .05) but not between time points. The collagen fiber arrangements pre- and post-augmentation were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Augmentation with VCMX did not alter the composition of lining and masticatory mucosa at implant sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A thick soft tissue phenotype around the implant neck is an important factor to maintain peri-implant health. A non-autogenous cross-linking collagen matrix is proposed as an alternate graft substitute in soft tissue augmentation procedures in order to improve implant soft tissue phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Artzi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Uri Renert
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Netanely
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel S Thoma
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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156
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Roda E, Priori EC, Ratto D, De Luca F, Di Iorio C, Angelone P, Locatelli CA, Desiderio A, Goppa L, Savino E, Bottone MG, Rossi P. Neuroprotective Metabolites of Hericium erinaceus Promote Neuro-Healthy Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6379. [PMID: 34203691 PMCID: PMC8232141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with both locomotor and cognitive decline, typically linked to chronic systemic inflammation, i.e., inflammaging. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a two-month oral supplementation with standardized extracts of H. erinaceus, containing a known amount of Erinacine A, Hericenone C, Hericenone D, and L-ergothioneine, on locomotor frailty and cerebellum of aged mice. Locomotor performances were monitored comparing healthy aging and frail mice. Cerebellar volume and cytoarchitecture, together with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, were assessed focusing on senescent frail animals. H. erinaceus partially recovered the aged-related decline of locomotor performances. Histopathological analyses paralleled by immunocytochemical evaluation of specific molecules strengthened the neuroprotective role of H. erinaceus able to ameliorate cerebellar alterations, i.e., milder volume reduction, slighter molecular layer thickness decrease and minor percentage of shrunken Purkinje neurons, also diminishing inflammation and oxidative stress in frail mice while increasing a key longevity regulator and a neuroprotective molecule. Thus, our present findings demonstrated the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach, based on the dietary supplementation using H. erinaceus extract, which represent a promising adjuvant therapy to be associated with conventional geriatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Erica Cecilia Priori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carmine Di Iorio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Paola Angelone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.R.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Goppa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (L.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.C.P.); (D.R.); (F.D.L.); (C.D.I.); (P.A.); (M.G.B.)
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157
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Panza SB, Vargas R, Balbo SL, Bonfleur ML, Granzotto DCT, Sant'Ana DMG, Nogueira-Melo GA. Perinatal exposure to low doses of glyphosate-based herbicide combined with a high-fat diet in adulthood causes changes in the jejunums of mice. Life Sci 2021; 275:119350. [PMID: 33737081 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Exposure to pesticides and consumption of high-fat diets are widespread in society. Reports have shown that exposure to glyphosate and a high-fat diet can cause gastrointestinal disorders and increase susceptibility to obesity. Thus, this study evaluated the impacts of perinatal exposure to glyphosate followed by consumption of a high-fat diet in adulthood on the histology and morphometry of jejunums and enteric nervous system of C57BL/6 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS After mating, 20 C57BL/6 female mice were separated into a control group (CG) and a glyphosate group (GLY) that received water with 0.5% glyphosate. After the lactation period, some male offspring were randomly separated into CG-SD and GLY-SD (standard diet) groups or CG-HD and GLY-HD (high-fat diet) groups. After 12 weeks, jejunum samples were collected and submitted to histological analysis. KEY FINDINGS Indirect exposure to glyphosate changed the morphometry of the intestinal wall, increased the proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and goblet cells, and altered the area occupied by collagen fibers. The hyperlipidemic diet hypertrophied the jejunal total wall, total muscular and submucosal layers, decreased IELs, and increased the proportion of goblet cells. GLY-HD mice had shallower crypts, shorter villi, and less goblet cells and IELs than mice from GLY-SD group. GLY-HD also showed an increased number of neurons in myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Groups exposed to glyphosate and/or fed a high-fat diet had atrophied submucosal neurons. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that perinatal glyphosate exposure combined with a high-fat diet in adulthood increases the risk of jejunum inflammation and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Panza
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - R Vargas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - S L Balbo
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - M L Bonfleur
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - D C T Granzotto
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - D M G Sant'Ana
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - G A Nogueira-Melo
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.
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158
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da Silva FS, Abreu BJ, Eriksson BI, Ackermann PW. Complete mid-portion rupture of the rat achilles tendon leads to remote and time-mismatched changes in uninjured regions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:1990-1999. [PMID: 32852566 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine healing adaptations over 17 weeks post Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in the injured region (IR) compared to an uninjured region (UIR) of the AT. METHODS Twenty-four rats were subjected to a complete right-sided AT rupture, while the left side served as a control. ATs were harvested at 1, 2, 8 and 17 weeks post-rupture and stained with antibodies specific to Collagen type I (Col I) and II (Col II) as well as Alcian Blue and Picrosirius Red staining techniques. Histopathological changes, proteoglycan content, collagen alignment and immunoexpression were assessed. RESULTS Both regions examined, IR and UIR, exhibited over weeks 1-17 similar healing adaptations of increasing collagen alignment, decreasing Col I immunoexpression, as well as increasing proteoglycan content and Col II occurrence. Increased proteoglycan content was found already at week 2 in the UIR, while it first increased at week 8 in the IR. The area positive to Col II was increased compared to controls at week 8 in the UIR, whereas it first raised at week 17 in the IR. Collagen disorganization successively declined to reach control levels at week 17 in the UIR, but was still higher in the IR. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that uninjured areas of the AT remote from the rupture site also undergo pronounced remodeling, although with time-span differences relative to injured AT portions. These changes including the pathologic heterotopic mineralization and chondrogenic differentiation observed in both regions may have implications in the choice of rehabilitation regimes in order to prevent secondary rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Santos da Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semiarid Region, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Paul W Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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159
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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160
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Oggioni M, Mercurio D, Minuta D, Fumagalli S, Popiolek-Barczyk K, Sironi M, Ciechanowska A, Ippati S, De Blasio D, Perego C, Mika J, Garlanda C, De Simoni MG. Long pentraxin PTX3 is upregulated systemically and centrally after experimental neurotrauma, but its depletion leaves unaltered sensorimotor deficits or histopathology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9616. [PMID: 33953334 PMCID: PMC8100171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long pentraxin PTX3, a pattern recognition molecule involved in innate immune responses, is upregulated by pro-inflammatory stimuli, contributors to secondary damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We analyzed PTX3 involvement in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact, a clinically relevant TBI mouse model. We measured PTX3 mRNA and protein in the brain and its circulating levels at different time point post-injury, and assessed behavioral deficits and brain damage progression in PTX3 KO mice. PTX3 circulating levels significantly increased 1-3 weeks after injury. In the brain, PTX3 mRNA was upregulated in different brain areas starting from 24 h and up to 5 weeks post-injury. PTX3 protein significantly increased in the brain cortex up to 3 weeks post-injury. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, 48 h after TBI, PTX3 was localized in proximity of neutrophils, likely on neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs), while 1- and 2- weeks post-injury PTX3 co-localized with fibrin deposits. Genetic depletion of PTX3 did not affect sensorimotor deficits up to 5 weeks post-injury. At this time-point lesion volume and neuronal count, axonal damage, collagen deposition, astrogliosis, microglia activation and phagocytosis were not different in KO compared to WT mice. Members of the long pentraxin family, neuronal pentraxin 1 (nPTX1) and pentraxin 4 (PTX4) were also over-expressed in the traumatized brain, but not neuronal pentraxin 2 (nPTX2) or short pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P-component (SAP). The long-lasting pattern of activation of PTX3 in brain and blood supports its specific involvement in TBI. The lack of a clear-cut phenotype in PTX3 KO mice may depend on the different roles of this protein, possibly involved in inflammation early after injury and in repair processes later on, suggesting distinct functions in acute phases versus sub-acute or chronic phases. Brain long pentraxins, such as PTX4-shown here to be overexpressed in the brain after TBI-may compensate for PTX3 absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Oggioni
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mercurio
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Minuta
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Present Address: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Popiolek-Barczyk
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marina Sironi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano - Milan, 20089 Italy
| | - Agata Ciechanowska
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefania Ippati
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Present Address: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daiana De Blasio
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Perego
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mika
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano - Milan, 20089 Italy ,grid.452490.eHumanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele – Milan, 20090 Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Widbiller M, Rothmaier C, Saliter D, Wölflick M, Rosendahl A, Buchalla W, Schmalz G, Spruss T, Galler KM. Histology of human teeth: Standard and specific staining methods revisited. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 127:105136. [PMID: 34044318 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histological techniques have long been an integral part of dental research. Especially the processing of complex tissues poses specific challenges, however, literature offers only few technical references. Objectives of this study were therefore to optimize histological staining methods and compile detailed protocols for preparation and staining of dental tissues. METHODS Human teeth were collected and fixed with 4 % formaldehyde solution after extraction. Subsequently, teeth were decalcified in 17 % EDTA or Morse's solution over a period of 28 days. The extent of decalcification was determined by weight loss and radiography. After sectioning, histological staining methods were optimized for their use on teeth. These included hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, Masson-Goldner trichrome and May-Gruenwald-Giemsa staining. Nerve fibres were visualized by luxol fast blue staining and Bodian silver staining. In addition, specific methods like TRAP, modified Brown and Brenn as well as picrosirius red staining with light polarization or fluorescence were applied and optimized. RESULTS Preparation of an artificial access to the pulp chamber was essential to ensure prompt penetration of the chemicals. Decalcification with Morse's solution took at least two weeks but was more efficient than 17 % ETDA, where thorough demineralization was achieved only after three weeks. The staining methods exhibited differences not only regarding their ability to display specific structures of interest, but also in terms of reproducibility. CONCLUSION High-quality histology of teeth can only be achieved after optimal tissue preparation and accurate staining. A complementary use of staining techniques is necessary to answer specific research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - C Rothmaier
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Saliter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Rosendahl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmalz
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Spruss
- Central Animal Facilities, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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162
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Altshuler PJ, Schiazza AR, Luo L, Helmers MR, Chhay B, Han JJ, Hu R, Herbst DA, Tsourkas A, Cheng Z, Atluri P. Superoxide Dismutase-Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Protect Against Chronic Adverse Ventricular Remodeling. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34179348 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early revascularization is critical to reduce morbidity after myocardial infarction, although reperfusion incites additional oxidative injury. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) but has low endogenous expression and rapid myocardial washout when administered exogenously. This study utilizes a novel nanoparticle carrier to improve exogeneous SOD retention while preserving enzyme function. Its role is assessed in preserving cardiac function after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, nanoparticle-encapsulated SOD (NP-SOD) exhibits similar enzyme activity as free SOD, measured by ferricytochrome-c assay. In an in vitro I/R model, free and NP-SOD reduce active ROS, preserve mitochondrial integrity and improve cell viability compared to controls. In a rat in vivo I/R injury model, NP-encapsulation of fluorescent-tagged SOD improves intramyocardial retention after direct injection. Intramyocardial NP-SOD administration in vivo improves left ventricular contractility at 3-hours post-reperfusion by echocardiography and 4-weeks by echocardiography and invasive pressure-volume catheter analysis. These findings suggest that NP-SOD mitigates ROS damage in cardiac I/R injury in vitro and maximizes retention in vivo. NP-SOD further attenuates acute injury and protects against myocyte loss and chronic adverse ventricular remodeling, demonstrating potential for translating NP-SOD as a therapy to mitigate myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Altshuler
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexis R Schiazza
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark R Helmers
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bonirath Chhay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason J Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robin Hu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Alan Herbst
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33 Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Sellera FP, Barbosa BS, Gargano RG, Ríspoli VFP, Sabino CP, Ollhoff RD, Baptista MS, Ribeiro MS, de Sá LRM, Pogliani FC. Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can be a novel non-antibiotic platform for bovine digital dermatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102274. [PMID: 33812078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is one of the most important diseases that effect dairy cows. Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (MB-APDT) emerges as a promising technique to treat superficial infections in bovines. METHODS Twenty BDD lesions located at the skin horn transition of the claw of pelvic limbs of 16 cows were treated by MB-APDT, using a red LED cluster (λ = 660 nm, irradiance =60 mW/cm2, exposure time = 40 s) combined with topical application of MB at 0.01 %; or by topical application of OXY (500 mg in 20 % solution). Each lesion was treated twice with an interval of 14 days. Lesions were weekly evaluated until day 28 by clinical analysis and by histological examination on days 0 and 28. RESULTS Both treatments led to a similar reduction of lesions area. At day 28, three lesions treated by OXY did not present completely recovery, whereas no lesions were observed in MB-APDT group. OXY resulted in a slight increase in type I and III collagen levels, while MB-APDT led to a significant increase in the total area of both collagen types. An abundant number of spirochetes were histologically observed in all lesions before treatments. On the 28th day, five lesions treated by OXY still presented a slight number of spirochetes, whereas in MB-APDT group no spirochetes were evidenced. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MB-APDT is more effective than OXY and could be used in Veterinary practice to fight BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna S Barbosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo G Gargano
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caetano P Sabino
- BioLambda, Scientific and Commercial LTD, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rudiger D Ollhoff
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian R M de Sá
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Pogliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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164
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Dargaville TR, Harkin DG, Park JR, Cavalcanti A, Bolle ECL, Savi FM, Farrugia BL, Monnery BD, Bernhard Y, Van Guyse JFR, Podevyn A, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels: From Accelerated Gelation Kinetics to In Vivo Compatibility in a Murine Subdermal Implant Model. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1590-1599. [PMID: 33764748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid photo-curing system based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline) and its in vivo compatibility are presented. The base polymer was synthesized from the copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the methyl ester containing 2-methoxycarboxypropyl-2-oxazoline (C3MestOx) followed by amidation with allylamine to yield a highly water-soluble macromer. We showed that spherical hydrogels can be obtained by a simple water-in-oil gelation method using thiol-ene coupling and investigated the in vivo biocompatibility of these hydrogel spheres in a 28-day murine subdermal model. For comparison, hydrogel spheres prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) were also implanted. Both materials displayed mild, yet typical foreign body responses with little signs of fibrosis. This is the first report on the foreign body response of a poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogel, which paves the way for future investigations into how this highly tailorable class of materials can be used for implantable hydrogel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Dargaville
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Jong-Ryul Park
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Cavalcanti
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Eleonore C L Bolle
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bryn D Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yann Bernhard
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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165
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Swanson WB, Omi M, Zhang Z, Nam HK, Jung Y, Wang G, Ma PX, Hatch NE, Mishina Y. Macropore design of tissue engineering scaffolds regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation fate. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120769. [PMID: 33798961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a debilitating birth defect characterized by the premature fusion of cranial bones resulting from premature loss of stem cells located in suture tissue between growing bones. Mesenchymal stromal cells in long bone and the cranial suture are known to be multipotent cell sources in the appendicular skeleton and cranium, respectively. We are developing biomaterial constructs to maintain stemness of the cranial suture cell population towards an ultimate goal of diminishing craniosynostosis patient morbidity. Recent evidence suggests that physical features of synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds modulate cell and tissue fate. In this study, macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds with well-controlled spherical pores were fabricated by a sugar porogen template method. Cell-scaffold constructs were implanted subcutaneously in mice for up to eight weeks then assayed for mineralization, vascularization, extracellular matrix composition, and gene expression. Pore size differentially regulates cell fate, where sufficiently large pores provide an osteogenic niche adequate for bone formation, while sufficiently small pores (<125 μm in diameter) maintain stemness and prevent differentiation. Cell-scaffold constructs cultured in vitro followed the same pore size-controlled differentiation fate. We therefore attribute the differential cell and tissue fate to scaffold pore geometry. Scaffold pore size regulates mesenchymal cell fate, providing a novel design motif to control tissue regenerative processes and develop mesenchymal stem cell niches in vivo and in vitro through biophysical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Benton Swanson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nan E Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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166
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Liu J, Xu MY, Wu J, Zhang H, Yang L, Lun DX, Hu YC, Liu B. Picrosirius-Polarization Method for Collagen Fiber Detection in Tendons: A Mini-Review. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:701-707. [PMID: 33689233 PMCID: PMC8126917 DOI: 10.1111/os.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the structure and composition of collagen have been studied by polarized light microscopy since the early 19th century, many studies and reviews have paid little or no attention to the morphological problems of histopathological diagnosis. The morphology of collagen fibers is critical in guiding mechanical and biological properties in both normal and pathological tendons. Highlighting the organization and spatial distribution of tendon‐containing collagen fibers can be very useful for visualizing a tendon's ultrastructure, biochemical and indirect mechanical properties, which benefits other researchers and clinicians. Picrosirius red (PSR) staining, relying on the birefringence of collagen fibers, is one of the best understood histochemical methods that can highly and specifically underline fibers better than other common staining techniques when combined with polarized light microscopy (PLM). Polarized light microscopy provides complementary information about collagen fibers, such as orientation, type and spatial distribution, which is important for a comprehensive assessment of collagen alteration in a tendon. Here, this brief review serves as a simplistic and important primer to research developments in which differential staining of collagen types by the Picrosirius‐polarization method is increasing in diverse studies of the medical field, mainly in the assessment of the morphology, spatial distribution, and content of collagen in tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jing Wu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation NMPA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Yang
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | - Bin Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation NMPA, Beijing, China
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167
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Gut-Lung Dysbiosis Accompanied by Diabetes Mellitus Leads to Pulmonary Fibrotic Change through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:838-856. [PMID: 33705752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that the lungs are an unavoidable target organ of diabetic complications. However, the pathologic mechanisms of diabetic lung injury are still controversial. This study demonstrated the dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome, pulmonary alveolar wall thickening, and fibrotic change in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis mice compared with controls. In both animal models, the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the lungs. Enhanced pulmonary alveolar well thickening and fibrotic change appeared in the lungs of transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active NF-κB mutant compared with wild type. When lincomycin hydrochloride-induced gut dysbiosis was ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplant, enhanced inflammatory response in the intestine and pulmonary fibrotic change in the lungs were significantly decreased compared with lincomycin hydrochloride-treated mice. Furthermore, the application of fecal microbiota transplant and baicalin could also redress the microbial dysbiosis of the gut and lungs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these data suggest that multiple as yet undefined factors related to microbial dysbiosis of gut and lungs cause pulmonary fibrogenesis associated with diabetes mellitus through an NF-κB signaling pathway.
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168
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Conde G, Carvalho JRG, Dias PDP, Moranza HG, Montanhim GL, Ribeiro JDO, Chinelatto MA, Moraes PC, Taboga SR, Bertolo PHL, Gonçalves MI, Pinheiro DG, Ferraz G. In vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone- b-tetrahydrofuran) in Wistar rats. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 33652429 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abeb5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) are two important aliphatic esters known for their biodegradability and bioresorbability properties; the former is stiffer and brittle while the smaller modulus of the latter allows a suitable elongation. The new biomaterials being developed from the blend of these two polymers (PLA and PCL) is opportune due to the reducing interfacial tension between their immiscible phases. In a previous study, PLA/PCL immiscible blend when compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) resulted in enhanced ductility and toughness no cytotoxic effect in vitro tests. There is little published data on the effect of poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran) on PLA and PCL biocompatibility and biodegradability in vivo tests. This study focuses on evaluating the behavioral response and polymer-tissue interaction of compatibilized PLA/PCL blend compared to neat PLA implanted via intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SC) in male Wistar rats, distributed in four experimental groups: neat PLA, PLA/PCL blend, sham, and control at 2-, 8- and 24-weeks post-implantation (WPI). Open-field test was performed to appraise emotionality and spontaneous locomotor activity. Histopathological investigation using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and picrosirius-hematoxylin (PSH) was used to assess polymer-tissue interaction. Modifications in PLA and the PLA / PCL blend's surface morphology were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PLA group defecated more often than PLA/PCL rats 2 and 8 WPI. Conjunctive capsule development around implants, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and giant cells of a foreign body to the biomaterial was observed in light microscopy. Both groups displayed a fibrous reaction along with collagen deposition around the biomaterials. In the SEM, the images showed a higher degradation rate for the PLA/PCL blend in both implantation routes. The polymers implanted via IP exhibited a higher degradation rate compared to SC. These findings emphasize the biocompatibility of the PLA/PCL blend compatibilized with poly(ε-caprolactone-b-tetrahydrofuran), making this biopolymer an acceptable alternative in a variety of biomedical applicatio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Conde
- Animal Morphology and Physiology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP - CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Julia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho
- Animal Morphology and Physiology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Paula do Patrocínio Dias
- Materials Engineering, USP São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 Jd. Sta Angelina, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, BRAZIL
| | - Henriette Gellert Moranza
- Animal Morphology and Physiology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Gabriel Luiz Montanhim
- Clinic and Surgery, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Juliana de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Clinic and Surgery, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Marcelo Aparecido Chinelatto
- Materials Engineering, USP São Carlos, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 Jd. Sta Angelina, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, 13563-120, BRAZIL
| | - Paola Castro Moraes
- Clinic and Surgery, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Biology, UNESP IBILCESJRP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265 - Jardim Nazareth - São José do Rio Preto/SP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, BRAZIL
| | - Paulo Henrique Leal Bertolo
- Veterinary Pathology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Michelli Inacio Gonçalves
- Technology Department, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP - CEP 14884-900, Sao Paulo, SP, 01049-010, BRAZIL
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Animal Morphology and Physiology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP - CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, BRAZIL
| | - Guilherme Ferraz
- Animal Morphology and Physiology, UNESP Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, BRAZIL
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Chandran A, Bhandary R, Shenoy N, Shetty UA. Analysis of collagen fibers in human gingival tissues using picrosirius red stain under polarized microscope. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:106-111. [PMID: 33888941 PMCID: PMC8041084 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_152_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Collagen fibers are the main element of gingival connective tissue and contribute a leading role in the preservation of structural integrity and tissue function. Hence, its degradation is regarded as the main marker of periodontal disease progression. Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze and compare collagen fibers, their birefringence pattern in healthy and in diseased gingival tissues stained using picrosirius red stain (PRS) and the polarizing microscope. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 participants screened were divided into the control group (healthy gingiva) and experimental group (moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis) based on the clinical parameters. Gingival tissue sections were stained with PRS and observed under the polarized microscope to assess the type of collagen fibers in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The healthy group revealed well-packed collagen in a parallel pattern with a strong birefringence, whereas in severe periodontitis group showed loosely packed collagen fibers in a haphazard pattern suggestive of severe destruction of the extracellular matrix. The moderate periodontitis group had a blended mixture of thick and thin fibers. Conclusions: Collagen fibers showed birefringence property when stained with PRS that helps in a better understanding of normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chandran
- Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Bhandary
- Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nina Shenoy
- Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Urvashi Ashwin Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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170
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Morphological Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Cancer Reflects Structural and Functional Divergence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040895. [PMID: 33672734 PMCID: PMC7924365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, which is largely due to resistance to treatment. Tumor heterogeneity is a known cause for treatment failure and has been studied at the molecular level. Morphological heterogeneity is common but has not been investigated, despite the fact that pathology examination is an integral part of clinical diagnostics. This study assessed whether morphological heterogeneity reflects structural and functional diversity in key cancer biological processes. Using archival tissues from resected pancreatic cancer, we selected four common and distinct morphological phenotypes and demonstrated that these differed significantly for a panel of 26 structural and functional features of the cancer-cell and stromal compartments. The strong link between these features and morphological phenotypes allowed prediction of the latter based on the results for the panel of features. The findings of this study indicate that morphological heterogeneity reflects biological diversity and that its assessment may potentially provide clinically relevant information. Abstract Inter- and intratumor heterogeneity is an important cause of treatment failure. In human pancreatic cancer (PC), heterogeneity has been investigated almost exclusively at the genomic and transcriptional level. Morphological heterogeneity, though prominent and potentially easily assessable in clinical practice, remains unexplored. This proof-of-concept study aims at demonstrating that morphological heterogeneity reflects structural and functional divergence. From the wide morphological spectrum of conventional PC, four common and distinctive patterns were investigated in 233 foci from 39 surgical specimens. Twenty-six features involved in key biological processes in PC were analyzed (immuno-)histochemically and morphometrically: cancer cell proliferation (Ki67) and migration (collagen fiber alignment, MMP14), cancer stem cells (CD44, CD133, ALDH1), amount, composition and spatial arrangement of extracellular matrix (epithelial proximity, total collagen, collagen I and III, fibronectin, hyaluronan), cancer-associated fibroblasts (density, αSMA), and cancer-stroma interactions (integrins α2, α5, α1; caveolin-1). All features differed significantly between at least two of the patterns. Stromal and cancer-cell-related features co-varied with morphology and allowed prediction of the morphological pattern. In conclusion, morphological heterogeneity in the cancer-cell and stromal compartments of PC correlates with structural and functional diversity. As such, histopathology has the potential to inform on the operationality of key biological processes in individual tumors.
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171
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Hosotani M, Nakamura T, Ichii O, Irie T, Sunden Y, Elewa YHA, Watanabe T, Ueda H, Mishima T, Kon Y. Unique histological features of the tail skin of cotton rat ( Sigmodon hispidus) related to caudal autotomy. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.058230. [PMID: 33563609 PMCID: PMC7904004 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal autotomy in rodents is an evolutionarily acquired phenomenon enabling escape from predators, by discarding the tail skin after traumatic injuries. The histological mechanisms underlying caudal autotomy seem to differ among species. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), which are important laboratory rodents for human infectious diseases, possess a fragile tail. In this study, we compared the tail histology of cotton rats with that of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus), which have no fragility on their tail, to elucidate the process of rodent caudal autotomy. First, the cotton rats developed a false autotomy characterized by loss of the tail sheath with the caudal vertebrae remaining without tail regeneration. Second, we found the fracture plane was continuous from the interscale of the tail epidermis to the dermis, which was lined with an alignment of E-cadherin+ cells. Third, we found an obvious cleavage plane between the dermis and subjacent tissues of the cotton-rat tail, where the subcutis was composed of looser, finer, and fragmented collagen fibers compared with those of the rat. Additionally, the cotton-rat tail was easily torn, with minimum bleeding. The median coccygeal artery of the cotton rat had a thick smooth muscle layer, and its lumen was filled with the peeled intima with fibrin coagulation, which might be associated with reduced bleeding following caudal autotomy. Taken together, we reveal the unique histological features of the tail relating to the caudal autotomy process in the cotton rat, and provide novel insights to help clarify the rodent caudal autotomy mechanism. Summary: The unique histological structures in derimis, subcutis and coccygeal artery of the tail skin are related to the caudal autotomy mechanism in the cotton rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hosotani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan .,Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunden
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ueda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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172
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Extraction of Type I Collagen from Tilapia Scales Using Acetic Acid and Ultrafine Bubbles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is commonly used in medical materials and cosmetics. While it can be extracted from the skin and bones of mammals, marine collagen has attracted attention recently, since the use of mammalian collagen could result in zoonosis, and products containing mammalian collagen are avoided due to some religious beliefs. Chemical extractions using strong acids and alkalis, thermal extractions, and other nonconventional methods have been used for collagen extraction. However, there are few reports on environmentally friendly methods. Although heat extractions provide higher yields of collagen, they often cause collagen denaturation. Therefore, dilute acetic acid and ultrafine bubbles of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone were used to extract type I collagen from tilapia scales. The extraction performance of the different conditions employed was qualitatively analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the collagen concentration was quantified using circular dichroism spectroscopy by monitoring the peak intensity at 221 nm, which is specific to the triple helix of type I collagen. Collagen was extracted from tilapia scales with a yield of 1.58% by the aeration of ultrafine bubbles of carbon dioxide gas in a 0.1 M acetic acid solution for 5 h.
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173
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Fan L, Fu Z, Xiong Y, Ye S, Wang Y, Peng G, Ye Q. Double-lobectomy in a steatotic liver transplantation rat model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:256. [PMID: 33603863 PMCID: PMC7851671 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a steatotic liver transplantation animal model can be a challenging process, which requires complex microsurgical technologies. The present study established a novel rat model of stable steatotic liver transplantation for marginal liver graft research, which notably minimized the number of animals used for the experiment. Briefly, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=90) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD; 60%, kJ) or standard chow diet (SCD) for 8 weeks. The liver enzymes and lipid levels were assessed every week, and the degree of steatosis was determined via hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels between the SCD and HFD groups (P>0.05), whereas the level of plasma triglyceride (TG) increased by 1.76-fold in the HFD group at week 2, and progressively decreased to baseline levels by week 8. Significantly higher levels of TG were observed in the HFD group compared with the SCD group at week 2 (P<0.05). In addition, the levels of plasma glucose (P<0.05), portal insulin (P<0.05) and content of liver lipid (P<0.01) increased in the HFD group compared with the SCD group. After 6 weeks, the liver steatosis was successfully formed and stable. Consequently, a rat liver developed hepatic macrovesicular steatosis >60%, which was subsequently used for transplantation after double-lobectomy. Post-transplantation survival rates in the HFD and SCD groups were as follows: Week 1, 80 vs. 100% and 1 month, 20 vs. 100%. A total of 20 rats were not sacrificed by performing double-lobectomy for biopsy. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that rat liver double-lobectomy may be safely applied in steatotic liver transplantation without the need to sacrifice a large number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Fu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guizhu Peng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.,The 3rd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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174
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Ouellette JN, Drifka CR, Pointer KB, Liu Y, Lieberthal TJ, Kao WJ, Kuo JS, Loeffler AG, Eliceiri KW. Navigating the Collagen Jungle: The Biomedical Potential of Fiber Organization in Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 33494220 PMCID: PMC7909776 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the importance of key tumor microenvironment features, notably the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) in characterizing tumor invasion and progression. This led to great interest from both basic researchers and clinicians, including pathologists, to include collagen fiber evaluation as part of the investigation of cancer development and progression. Fibrillar collagen is the most abundant in the normal extracellular matrix, and was revealed to be upregulated in many cancers. Recent studies suggested an emerging theme across multiple cancer types in which specific collagen fiber organization patterns differ between benign and malignant tissue and also appear to be associated with disease stage, prognosis, treatment response, and other clinical features. There is great potential for developing image-based collagen fiber biomarkers for clinical applications, but its adoption in standard clinical practice is dependent on further translational and clinical evaluations. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the current literature of fibrillar collagen structure and organization as a candidate cancer biomarker, and new perspectives on the challenges and next steps for researchers and clinicians seeking to exploit this information in biomedical research and clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Ouellette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kelli B. Pointer
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tyler J Lieberthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John S. Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Agnes G. Loeffler
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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175
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Collins AT, Hu G, Newman H, Reinsvold MH, Goldsmith MR, Twomey-Kozak JN, Leddy HA, Sharma D, Shen L, DeFrate LE, Karner CM. Obesity alters the collagen organization and mechanical properties of murine cartilage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1626. [PMID: 33452305 PMCID: PMC7810701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease characterized by cartilage degradation and altered cartilage mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is well established that obesity is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on the mechanical properties of murine knee cartilage. Two-month old wild type mice were fed either a normal diet or a high fat diet for 16 weeks. Atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation was used to quantify the effective indentation modulus of medial femoral condyle cartilage. Osteoarthritis progression was graded using the OARSI system. Additionally, collagen organization was evaluated with picrosirius red staining imaged using polarized light microscopy. Significant differences between diet groups were assessed using t tests with p < 0.05. Following 16 weeks of a high fat diet, no significant differences in OARSI scoring were detected. However, we detected a significant difference in the effective indentation modulus between diet groups. The reduction in cartilage stiffness is likely the result of disrupted collagen organization in the superficial zone, as indicated by altered birefringence on polarized light microscopy. Collectively, these results suggest obesity is associated with changes in knee cartilage mechanical properties, which may be an early indicator of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber T Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hunter Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael H Reinsvold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Monique R Goldsmith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John N Twomey-Kozak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Holly A Leddy
- Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Louis E DeFrate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC Box 3093, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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176
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Shen J, Song JB, Fan J, Zhang Z, Yi ZJ, Bai S, Mu XL, Yang YB, Xiao L. Distribution and Dynamic Changes in Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and Collagen in an In Stent Restenosis Process. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 61:648-655. [PMID: 33441270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to observe the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and collagen in in stent restenosis (ISR) and to explore their influence on ISR. METHODS Sixty Z type stents were implanted into the common iliac arteries of minipigs, which were divided into 10 groups (six in each group) according to euthanasia time (6 hours, and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 168, and 336 days). After the samples were harvested, haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and Picrosirius red staining were performed for all groups. RESULTS ISR occurred in all six minipigs in the 56 day group (percentage diameter stenosis range 71.6%-79.2%, mean ± standard deviation 75.6% ± 2.5%). The percentage diameter stenosis decreased to 38.3% ± 2.7% at 336 days (p < .001). Immunohistochemical staining showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were strongly stained near the internal elastic lamina or in the damaged parts of the intima, around the struts and neointimal lumen surface in the ISR process. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at 56 days was significantly lower compared with their peaks (seven days and one day [p < .001; p = .002], respectively). At 56 days, the collagen content reached its maximum (mean integrated optical density range 0.73-0.92, mean ± standard deviation 0.82 ± 0.09). From the 14 day group to the 336 day group, mature collagen in neointima was correlated negatively with MMP-2 (γ(36) = -0.816; p < .001) and MMP-9 expression (γ(36) = -0.853; p < .001). During the neointimal regression period, new collagen in neointima was positively correlated with MMP-2 (γ(24) = 0.683; p < .001) and MMP-9 (γ(24) = 0.873; p < .001). CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the spatial distribution of and dynamic changes in MMP-2, MMP-9, and collagen in ISR by simulating the process of neointima from generation to regression after stent implantation. When ISR occurred, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression decreased and collagen content reached its maximum, which might contribute to ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Intervention, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Bo Song
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Intervention Radiology, Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Jia Yi
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Bai
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Mu
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao-Bo Yang
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Intervention, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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177
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Salinas P, Lira-Velásquez D, Bongiorno A, Sandoval C. Navicular Syndrome-related changes to collagen proportion of different cross-sections of the flexor tendons in equine distal forelimb. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:106-112. [PMID: 33465602 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the distribution of aligned and non-aligned collagen in cross-sections of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in different levels of the distal forelimb of equines diagnosed with NS (Navicular Syndrome). Sixty equine forelimbs were collected. Was compared two groups (NA, Not affected vs. NS-group) by t-Student. Diagnosis of NS was based on clinical and lameness examination, diagnostic analgesia and radiological findings. The proportion of aligned and non-aligned collagens at 2 levels for the SDFT and 3 levels for the DDFT were measured by histochemical stains. The amount of aligned and non-aligned collagen in tendons were calculated using Colour-Based Segmentation function. Regarding collagen, there were significant differences in the amount of aligned collagen (NA: 21.2 ± 1.31; NS-group: 12.2 ± 4.67; p = 0.0026) and non-aligned collagen (NA: 21.8 ± 2.22; NS: 25.1 ± 1.73; p = 0.0241) at the DDFT insertion in the distal phalanx. We concluded that the flexor tendons of the forelimb in equines with NS have different proportions of collagen than those that do not present the diagnosis, indicated by histologically visible increased proportions of non-aligned collagen and decreased of aligned collagen in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Salinas
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Diego Lira-Velásquez
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Sandoval
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Veterinary Histopathology Center, Puerto Montt, Chile
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178
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Yanatma I, Sarac G, Gul M, Gul S, Kapicioglu Y. Comparison of polycaprolactone and calcium hydroxylapatite dermal fillers in a rat model. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14716. [PMID: 33368862 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) are semipermanent dermal fillers that are frequently preferred in the last decade. This study aims to compare the effects of these two fillers in the rat skin. A total of 30 female rats were divided into; control, PCL, and CaHA group. Tissue samples taken at the second and fourth month were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, collagen type 1, and 3 immunohistochemical antibodies. Collagen density was quantitatively compared using the Image J computer program. At 2 and 4 months, the density of collagen increased in both filler groups compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between collagen density or type 1 and type 3 collagen H scores in the filler groups. The number of fibroblast nuclei was significantly higher in the PCL group at 4 months compared to the other two groups. Dermis thickness was found to be superior in both filler groups compared to the control group at the fourth month, there was no significant difference between the filler groups. We compared the effect of CaHA and PCL filler on collagenization histologically and immunohistochemically. We found that PCL and CaHA fillers are effective in increasing dermal collagen density, type 1 and type 3 collagen amount, and preventing dermis atrophy and showed that they have no advantage over each other in this respect. We have shown that PCL filler provides more fibroblast increase compared to CaHA filler and the effect of stimulating fibroblast proliferation takes longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Yanatma
- Department of Dermatology, Seydisehir State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulbahar Sarac
- Department of Dermatology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semir Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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179
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Feng W, Ying WZ, Li X, Curtis LM, Sanders PW. Renoprotective effect of Stat1 deletion in murine aristolochic acid nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F87-F96. [PMID: 33283645 PMCID: PMC7847048 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured tubule epithelium stimulates a profibrotic milieu that accelerates loss of function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study tested the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the progressive loss of kidney function in aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy, a model of CKD. Mean serum creatinine concentration increased in wild-type (WT) littermates treated with AA, whereas Stat1-/- mice were protected. Focal increases in the apical expression of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 were observed in the proximal tubules of WT mice with AA treatment but were absent in Stat1-/- mice in the treatment group as well as in both control groups. A composite injury score, an indicator of proximal tubule injury, was reduced in Stat1-/- mice treated with AA. Increased expression of integrin-β6 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in proximal tubules as well as interstitial collagen and fibronectin were observed in WT mice following AA treatment but were all decreased in AA-treated Stat1-/- mice. The data indicated that STAT1 activation facilitated the development of progressive kidney injury and interstitial fibrosis in AA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisa M Curtis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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180
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Xi G, Guo W, Kang D, Ma J, Fu F, Qiu L, Zheng L, He J, Fang N, Chen J, Li J, Zhuo S, Liao X, Tu H, Li L, Zhang Q, Wang C, Boppart SA, Chen J. Large-scale tumor-associated collagen signatures identify high-risk breast cancer patients. Theranostics 2021; 11:3229-3243. [PMID: 33537084 PMCID: PMC7847696 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of personalized medicine demands proper prognostic biomarkers to guide the optimal therapy for an invasive breast cancer patient. However, various risk prediction models based on conventional clinicopathological factors and emergent molecular assays have been frequently limited by either a low strength of prognosis or restricted applicability to specific types of patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop a strong and general prognosticator. Methods: We observed five large-scale tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS4-8) obtained by multiphoton microscopy at the invasion front of the breast primary tumor, which contrasted with the three tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS1-3) discovered by Keely and coworkers at a smaller scale. Highly concordant TACS1-8 classifications were obtained by three independent observers. Using the ridge regression analysis, we obtained a TACS-score for each patient based on the combined TACS1-8 and established a risk prediction model based on the TACS-score. In a blind fashion, consistent retrospective prognosis was obtained from 995 breast cancer patients in both a training cohort (n= 431) and an internal validation cohort (n = 300) collected from one clinical center, and in an external validation cohort (n = 264) collected from a different clinical center. Results: TACS1-8 model alone competed favorably with all reported models in predicting disease-free survival (AUC: 0.838, [0.800-0.872]; 0.827, [0.779-0.868]; 0.807, [0.754-0.853] in the three cohorts) and stratifying low- and high-risk patients (HR 7.032, [4.869-10.158]; 6.846, [4.370-10.726], 4.423, [2.917-6.708]). The combination of these factors with the TACS-score into a nomogram model further improved the prognosis (AUC: 0.865, [0.829-0.896]; 0.861, [0.816-0.898]; 0.854, [0.805-0.894]; HR 7.882, [5.487-11.323]; 9.176, [5.683-14.816], and 5.548, [3.705-8.307]). The nomogram identified 72 of 357 (~20%) patients with unsuccessful 5-year disease-free survival that might have been undertreated postoperatively. Conclusions: The risk prediction model based on TACS1-8 considerably outperforms the contextual clinical model and may thus convince pathologists to pursue a TACS-based breast cancer prognosis. Our methodology identifies a significant portion of patients susceptible to undertreatment (high-risk patients), in contrast to the multigene assays that often strive to mitigate overtreatment. The compatibility of our methodology with standard histology using traditional (non-tissue-microarray) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections could simplify subsequent clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqin Xi
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lida Qiu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Fang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Breast Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Renato Romero J, Krause Neto W, Sabbag da Silva A, Luiz Dos Santos E, Aurélio Added M, Pianca E, Florencio Gama E, Rodrigues de Souza R. Chronic cachaça consumption affects the structure of tibial bone by decreasing bone density and density of mature collagen fibers in middle-aged Wistar rats. Aging Male 2020; 23:251-256. [PMID: 29856246 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1477932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption can decrease bone density and alter its structure. However, most of the studies did not investigate the effects of specific alcoholic beverages. This study determined the effects of chronic consumption of cachaça (a Brazilian beverage containing alcohol) on body weight (BW), tibia bone density and on the tibia collagen density in middle-aged Wistar rats. Rats with 9 months old were submitted for 100 days, to a liquid diet of cachaça diluted in water with a progressive and controlled concentration (10°GL, 15°GL, 20°GL, 25°GL, and 30°GL). Chronic cachaça intake produced a significant decrease in BW and altered bone remodeling, decreasing trabecular bone density. In chronic cachaça-treated group (CT), the production of collagen fibers in bone tissue has predominantly green birefringence. It appears that they are immature fibers that do not exist in the control group, in which there are standard predominantly yellowish mature fibers. In conclusion, chronic cachaça consumption affects the structure of the tibial bone of middle-aged rats by decreasing the bone density and reducing the density of mature collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sabbag da Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade das Américas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Mackenzie University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Pianca
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade Anhanguera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
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182
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Kanai R, Kuroshima S, Kamo M, Sasaki M, Uto Y, Inaba N, Uchida Y, Hayano H, Tamaki S, Inoue M, Sawase T. Effects of surface sub-micrometer topography following oxalic acid treatment on bone quantity and quality around dental implants in rabbit tibiae. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:75. [PMID: 33244653 PMCID: PMC7691415 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the effects of topographical modification of titanium substrates at submicron level by oxalic acid treatment on bone quality and quantity around dental implants in rabbit tibiae. Methods A total of 60 blasted CP-grade IV titanium dental implants were used. Twenty-eight control implant surfaces were treated with a mixture of HCl/H2SO4, whereas 28 other test implant surfaces were treated with oxalic acid following HCl/H2SO4 treatment. Two randomly selected sets of control or test implants were placed in randomly selected proximal tibiae of 14 female Japanese white rabbits. Euthanasia was performed 4 and 8 weeks post-implant placement. Bone to implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction (BAF), ratios of mature and immature bone to total bone, and the amount and types of collagen fibers were evaluated quantitatively. Two control and two test implants were used to analyze surface characteristics. Results Treatment by oxalic acid significantly decreased Sa and increased Ra of test implant surfaces. BIC in test implants was increased without alteration of BAF and collagen contents at 4 and 8 weeks after implant placement when compared with control implants. The ratios of immature and mature bone to total bone differed significantly between groups at 4 weeks post-implantation. Treatment by oxalic acid increased type I collagen and decreased type III collagen in bone matrices around test implants when compared with control implants at 8 weeks after implant placement. The effects of topographical changes of implant surfaces induced by oxalic acid on BAF, mature bone, collagen contents, and type I collagen were significantly promoted with decreased immature bone formation and type III collagen in the later 4 weeks post-implantation. Conclusions Treatment of implant surfaces with oxalic acid rapidly increases osseointegration from the early stages after implantation. Moreover, submicron topographical changes of dental implants induced by oxalic acid improve bone quality based on bone maturation and increased production of type I collagen surrounding dental implants in the late stage after implant placement. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40729-020-00275-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Kanai
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Michimasa Kamo
- Research Section, Medical Division, KYOCERA Corporation, Yasu, 520-2362, Japan
| | - Muneteru Sasaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uto
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Nao Inaba
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yusuke Uchida
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayano
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Saki Tamaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Maaya Inoue
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
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Wu KY, Kim S, Liu VM, Sabino A, Minkhorst K, Yazdani A, Turley EA. Function-Blocking RHAMM Peptides Attenuate Fibrosis and Promote Antifibrotic Adipokines in a Bleomycin-Induced Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1482-1492.e4. [PMID: 33242499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis a chronic, fibrotic disorder associated with high disease-specific mortality and morbidity. Cutaneous manifestations include dermal thickening and obliteration of dermal adipose tissue. Accumulation of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan, which signals through the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, RHAMM, leads to progressive fibrosis and is correlated with increased severity of systemic sclerosis. The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of two function-blocking RHAMM peptides, NPI-110 and NPI-106, in reducing skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of systemic sclerosis. NPI-110 reduced visible measures of fibrosis (dermal thickness and collagen production, deposition, and organization) and profibrotic gene expression (Tgfb1, c-Myc, Col1a1, Col3a1). NPI-110 treatment also increased the expression of the antifibrotic adipokines perilipin and adiponectin. Both RHAMM peptides strongly reduced dermal RHAMM expression, predicting that dermal fibroblasts are peptide targets. Transcriptome and cell culture analyses using Rhamm-/- and Rhamm-rescued dermal fibroblasts reveal a TGFβ1/RHAMM/MYC signaling axis that promotes fibrogenic gene expression and myofibroblast differentiation. RHAMM function‒blocking peptides suppress this signaling and prevent TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. These results suggest that inhibiting RHAMM signaling will offer a treatment method for cutaneous fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Yuechuan Wu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Violet Muhan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexis Sabino
- Department of Life Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Minkhorst
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjang Yazdani
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva A Turley
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Courtoy GE, Leclercq I, Froidure A, Schiano G, Morelle J, Devuyst O, Huaux F, Bouzin C. Digital Image Analysis of Picrosirius Red Staining: A Robust Method for Multi-Organ Fibrosis Quantification and Characterization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111585. [PMID: 33266431 PMCID: PMC7709042 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of fibrosis remains incomplete despite the increasing burden of related diseases. Preclinical models are used to dissect the pathogenesis and dynamics of fibrosis, and to evaluate anti-fibrotic therapies. These studies require objective and accurate measurements of fibrosis. Existing histological quantification methods are operator-dependent, organ-specific, and/or need advanced equipment. Therefore, we developed a robust, minimally operator-dependent, and tissue-transposable digital method for fibrosis quantification. The proposed method involves a novel algorithm for more specific and more sensitive detection of collagen fibers stained by picrosirius red (PSR), a computer-assisted segmentation of histological structures, and a new automated morphological classification of fibers according to their compactness. The new algorithm proved more accurate than classical filtering using principal color component (red-green-blue; RGB) for PSR detection. We applied this new method on established mouse models of liver, lung, and kidney fibrosis and demonstrated its validity by evidencing topological collagen accumulation in relevant histological compartments. Our data also showed an overall accumulation of compact fibers concomitant with worsening fibrosis and evidenced topological changes in fiber compactness proper to each model. In conclusion, we describe here a robust digital method for fibrosis analysis allowing accurate quantification, pattern recognition, and multi-organ comparisons useful to understand fibrosis dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume E. Courtoy
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pole of Pneumology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Guglielmo Schiano
- Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Diseases Group, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (G.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Johann Morelle
- Pole of Nephrology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Diseases Group, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (G.S.); (O.D.)
- Pole of Nephrology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (C.B.)
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Orabase Promotes Oral Epithelization in a Wound Healing Rat Model: An Immunohistochemical Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:e39-e45. [PMID: 33208673 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived stem cells may have an important role in the natural process of wound healing. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of orabase paste application on primary wound healing in a palatal rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 six-month-old male Wistar rats weighting 427 to 650 g were included. A mid-crestal incision was made on the maxillary alveolar ridge. A full-thickness flap was raised on either side of the incision and was then repositioned and sutured. Three experimental groups were used: O-study group-orabase, N-negative control group, and I-intact control group. Half of the animals were killed on 7 days and the remaining on 14 days postoperatively. Outcome parameters included epithelial gap; inflammatory infiltration; expression of stem cell markers within the oral epithelium and stromal cells; and physical properties of stromal collagen fibers and myofibroblasts. Investigations were performed at 2 time points (7 and 14 d) during the wound healing process. RESULTS The epithelial gap closed completely after 7 days in the O group versus 14 days or more in the N group. The inflammatory reaction was relatively low and not significantly different between groups O and N. Orabase upregulated the expression of CK14, CK15, and epithelial SOX2. Connective tissue SOX2, CD34, and α-smooth muscle actin and physical properties of stromal collagen fibers were not influenced by the application of orabase. CONCLUSIONS Orabase promotes epithelial gap closure in a primary wound healing model in rats. The effect is exerted through promotion of epithelial differentiation from stem cells.
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186
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Fully absorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate implants exhibit more favorable cell-matrix interactions than polypropylene. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111702. [PMID: 33545861 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial condition characterized by the descent of the pelvic organs due to the loss of supportive tissue strength. This is presumably caused by the decreased fibroblast function and the subsequent change in the quality of the extracellular matrix. The correction of POP using an implant intends to provide mechanical support to the pelvic organs and to stimulate a moderate host response. Synthetic polypropylene (PP) implants were commonly used for the correction of prolapse. Although they were successful in providing support, these implants have been associated with clinical complications in the long term due to substantial foreign body response and inappropriate tissue integration. The complications can be avoided or minimized by engineering a biocompatible and fully absorbable implant with optimized mechanical and structural characteristics that favor more appropriate cellular interactions with the implant. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated implants comprised of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB), a fully absorbable material with high mechanical strength, as an alternative to PP. The P4HB implants were knitted in four unique designs with different pore shapes ranging from a more rectangular geometry- as it is in PP implant- to a rounded geometry, to determine the effect of the implant structure on the textural and mechanical properties and subsequent cell-matrix interaction. The cellular response was investigated by seeding primary vaginal fibroblasts isolated from patients with POP. P4HB favored cellular functions more than PP, as indicated by greater cell attachment and proliferation (P < 0.01), and significantly more collagen deposition (P4HB vs PP, 11.19 μg vs 6.67 μg) at 28 days culture (P < 0.05). All P4HB implants had higher strength and lower stiffness than the PP scaffold. The material and the design of the implant also influenced the behavior of vaginal fibroblasts. The aspect ratio of the vaginal POP fibroblasts cultured on the PP implant (1.61 ± 0.75) was significantly (P < 0.005) smaller than those cultured on P4HB implants (average 2.31 ± 0.09). The P4HB structure with rounded pores showed the lowest stiffness and highest fibroblast attachment and proliferation (P < 0.01). Overall, P4HB induces more matrix deposition compared to PP and knit design can further optimize cell behavior.
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187
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Seet LF, Chu SWL, Teng X, Toh LZ, Wong TT. Assessment of progressive alterations in collagen organization in the postoperative conjunctiva by multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6495-6515. [PMID: 33282504 PMCID: PMC7687938 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) commonly fails due to excessive fibrosis. As collagen structure aberrations is implicated in adverse fibrotic progression, this study aims to uncover collagen organization alterations during postoperative scarring. Via quantitative second harmonic generation/two photon excitation multiphoton imaging, we reveal the scar development and phenotype in the mouse model of conjunctival scarring. We also show that multiphoton imaging corroborated the collagen ultrastructure anomaly characteristic of the SPARC-/- mouse postoperative conjunctiva. These data improve our understanding of postoperative conjunctival scarring and further enhance the utility of this model for the development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics for GFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Co-corresponding authors
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188
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Sharma MR, Mitrani R, Werth VP. Effect of TNFα blockade on UVB-induced inflammatory cell migration and collagen loss in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 213:112072. [PMID: 33181431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UVB irradiation induces pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the skin. TNFα stimulates the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells to the skin. These cells secrete metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other enzymes that damage the cutaneous matrix. Therefore, blocking TNFα activity could be effective in preventing the influx of inflammatory cells and subsequent collagen degradation in the skin. In addition, TNFα downregulates procollagen mRNA, and thus blockade may be beneficial to production of type I collagen. Female C57BL/6 J mice were treated with etanercept (TNFα blocker, 4 mg/kg/day) for 4 days 1 h prior to UVB irradiation (100 mJ/cm2/day for 5 days). On the 5th day mice were sacrificed 3 h after UVB exposure. Blocking TNFα significantly inhibited UVB-induced recruitment of macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. UVB-irradiated mice skin contained more mature collagen compared to etanercept and UVB + etanercept-treated mice. Skin from UVB + etanercept-treated mice had more collagen fragments relative to UVB-irradiated mice. Procollagen protein was lower in UVB-irradiated and UVB + etanercept-treated mice. TNFα blockade decreased decorin and TGF-β1 in UVB-irradiated mice compared to UVB alone. MMP13 was inhibited by etanercept in UVB-irradiated mice (p < 0.01). In conclusion, blockade of TNFα significantly decreased mature collagen in UVB-irradiated mice, while increasing collagen fragmentation and decreasing procollagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena R Sharma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Robert Mitrani
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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189
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Moore BC, Brennan PLR, Francis R, Penland S, Shiavone K, Wayne K, Woodward AR, Does MD, Kim DK, Kelly DA. Glans inflation morphology and female cloaca copulatory interactions of the male American alligator phallus†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:374-386. [PMID: 33112370 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phallic glans of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the distal termination of the semen-conducting sulcus spermaticus and during copulation has the closest, most intimate mechanical interactions with the female urodeum, the middle cloacal chamber that contains the opening to the vaginal passages and oviducts. However, the details of this interface leading to insemination and gamete uptake are unclear. Here, we: (1) histologically characterize the underlying tissue types and morphologically quantify the shape changes associated with glans inflation into the copulatory conformation, (2) digitally reconstruct from MRI the 3D shape of functional tissue compartments, and (3) diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography image the copulatory fit between male phallus and female cloaca. We discuss these results in relation to tissue type material properties, the transfer on intromittent forces, establishing potential copulatory lock, inflated glans volume scaling with body mass/length, the mechanics of semen targeting and insemination, and potential female cryptic choice impacting multiple clutch paternity. In part, this study further clarifies the phallic morphological variation observed among crocodylians and begins to investigate the role(s) these divergent male forms play during copulation interacting with female cloacal forms to increase reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Biology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | | | - Rachel Francis
- Biology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Penland
- Biology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Kelsie Shiavone
- Biology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn Wayne
- Biology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Allan R Woodward
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Diane A Kelly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, USA
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190
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Smith TD, Reynolds RL, Mano N, Wood BJ, Oladipupo L, Hughes GK, Corbin HM, Taylor J, Ufelle A, Burrows AM, Durham E, Vinyard CJ, Cray JJ, DeLeon VB. Cranial synchondroses of primates at birth. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1020-1053. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Smith
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Rebecca L. Reynolds
- Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Nanami Mano
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Brody J. Wood
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lanre Oladipupo
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Gabriel K. Hughes
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hayley M. Corbin
- Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jane Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy The Ohio State College of Medicine Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Alexander Ufelle
- Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Public Health and Social Work Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock PA
| | - Anne M. Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy Duquesne University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Emily Durham
- Department of Anthropology Penn State University State College Pennsylvania USA
| | - Christopher J. Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown Ohio USA
| | - James J. Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy The Ohio State College of Medicine Columbus Ohio USA
- Division of Biosciences The Ohio State College of Dentistry Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Valerie B. DeLeon
- Department of Public Health and Social Work Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock PA
- Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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191
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A New Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Hair Protective Effect of a Biomimetic Exopolysaccharide against Water Pollution. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an external appendage, hair is exposed to multiple stresses of different origins such as particles and gases in air, or heavy metals and chemicals in water. So far, little research has addressed the impact of water pollution on hair. The present study describes a new ex vivo model that allowed us to document the adverse effects of water pollutants on the structure of hair proteins, as well as the protective potential of active cosmetic ingredients derived from a biomimetic exopolysaccharide (EPS). The impact of water pollution was evaluated on hair from a Caucasian donor repeatedly immersed in heavy metal-containing water. Heavy metal retention in and on hair was then quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP/MS). The adverse effects of heavy metals on the internal structure of hair and its prevention by the EPS were assessed through measurement of keratin birefringence. Notably, the method allows the monitoring of the organization of keratin fibers and therefore the initial change on it in order to modulate the global damage in the hair. Results revealed an increasing amount of lead, cadmium and copper, following multiple exposures to polluted water. In parallel, the structure of keratin was also altered with exposures. However, heavy metal-induced keratin fiber damage could be prevented in the presence of the tested EPS, avoiding more drastic hair problems, such as lack of shine, or decrease in strength, due to damage accumulation.
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192
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Chacham M, Almoznino G, Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A, Buchner A, Vered M. Expression of stem cell markers in stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:1068-1077. [PMID: 32840915 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroma of odontogenic cysts/tumors may confer them differential biological behavior. We aimed to investigate the immunoexpression of stem cell markers (Nanog, SOX2, Oct4, and CD34) in the stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors. CD34 was investigated exclusively as a marker for stromal fibroblast/fibrocyte cells (CD34 + SFCs). CD34 + SFCs were also investigated ultrastructurally. METHODS Ten cases each of primary odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), recurrent OKC, dentigerous cyst, ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, and 7 syndromic OKC were included. Results were represented as the mean score (%) of positive cells/field for each marker for each study group. For CD34 + SFCs, results are presented as the mean number of cells/field for each type of lesion. Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation statistical tests were used; significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS All markers except Oct4 were expressed by stromal cells in all lesions. Expression of SOX2 was significantly higher in tumors than in cysts (P < .05). CD34 + SFCs were more frequent in cysts than in tumors. Ultrastructurally, CD34 + SFCs were identified for the first time in odontogenic lesions and showed characteristic bipolar/dendritic morphology. CONCLUSION Among examined stromal stem cell markers, only SOX2 distinguished tumors from cysts. CD34 + SFCs may also contribute to the biological behavior of odontogenic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Chacham
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dentistry, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amos Buchner
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Maxillofacial Imaging, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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193
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Dinesh Babu V, Suresh Kumar A, Sudhandiran G. Diosgenin inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling and regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1264-1275. [PMID: 32924642 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1814803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a grave disease characterized by abnormal wound healing associated with chronic, progressive, irreversible fatal lung disease, leading to persistent injuries to the alveolar epithelium. A consequent disturbance of fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis results in subsequent release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators coupled with accumulation of extracellular matrix within the interstitium. Inexorable distortion of lung alveolar architecture leads to respiratory failure with a median survival rate of 3-5 years. Currently available drugs can only slowdown the progression of fibrosis and novel drugs are warranted to treat this disease. In this study, we demonstrate the fibro-protective effect of diosgenin in experimental lung fibrosis through regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). A single dose of 3 U/kg body weight (b.wt) Bleomycin (BLM) was administered intratracheally in Wistar male albino rats and fibrotic animals were treated with diosgenin (100 mg/kg b.wt) orally for 28 days. BLM administered rat show histological alteration with increased mast cell and collagen accumulation. BLM induced abnormalities were significantly reduced upon treatment with diosgenin. Western blot analysis revealed an increased level of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules such as IL-1β and TGF-β in BLM induced rats. Rats supplemented with diosgenin showed a decreased expression of inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators. Markers of EMT molecules were evaluated by immunoblot. The results of immunoblot demonstrate that diosgenin regulated the expression of TGF-β mediated EMT. Hence, from the overall study, administration of diosgenin prevents pulmonary fibrosis by restraint inflammation and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadivel Dinesh Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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194
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Lucarini L, Durante M, Sgambellone S, Lanzi C, Bigagli E, Akgul O, Masini E, Supuran CT, Carta F. Effects of New NSAID-CAI Hybrid Compounds in Inflammation and Lung Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091307. [PMID: 32927723 PMCID: PMC7564963 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with progressive worsening of dyspnea, characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of lung parenchyma. Carbonic anhydrases are a family of zinc-metallo-enzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon-dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animals with permanent-middle-cerebral artery occlusion, arthritis and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological profile of a new class of hybrid compounds constituted by a CAI connected to a Nonsteroidal-Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) was studied in the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro tests were performed to assess their effects on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX)-1 and COX-2, namely inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in the human-platelet-rich plasma, and reduction of Prostaglandin-E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated-RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. The activity of compound 3, one of the most active, was studied in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. The hybrid compounds showed a higher potency in inhibiting PGE2 production, but not in modifying the platelet aggregation and the TXB2 production in comparison to the reference molecules, indicating an increased activity in COX-2 inhibition. In the in-vivo murine model, the compound 3 was more effective in decreasing inflammation, lung stiffness and oxidative stress in comparison to the reference drugs given alone or in association. In conclusion, these CAI-NSAID hybrid compounds are promising new anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of lung chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2758299
| | - Mariaconcetta Durante
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Ozlem Akgul
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ege University Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini n. 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.D.); (S.S.); (C.L.); (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical Science Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical Science Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (F.C.)
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195
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Barraza DE, Zampini R, Apichela SA, Pacheco JI, Argañaraz ME. Modifications of extracellular matrix features in the left and right uterine horns during the embryo pre-implantation period in Vicugna pacos. Theriogenology 2020; 157:440-448. [PMID: 32877844 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 98% of the pregnancies in South American camelids is carried out in the left uterine horn (LUH). Hence, embryos originated from right-ovary ovulations have to migrate to the contralateral or left uterine horn (LUH) to implant and survive. A reason for this unique pattern of embryo implantation has not been elucidated yet. In general, embryo implantation involves an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling within the endometrium, in which collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an essential role. Deregulation of collagen and MMPs has been related to embryo implantation failure, miscarriage, and infertility. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECM components in camelids could be involved in differential embryo implantation and consequently the high incidence of left horn gestations. The aim of this study was to describe and compare changes in ECM components in the left and right uterine horn of non-pregnant and 15 days pregnant alpacas. To test this hypothesis, the collagen content was evaluated by specific staining with Picrosirius Red and using ImageJ 1.42q software. Subsequently, gene expression of the following components of the MMP pathway was determined: MMP-2, -3, -7, -9, and -14, MMP substrates (COL1A2 and COL3A1), MMP inhibitors (TIMP1 and TIMP2), LGMN, an MMP activator, and EMMPRIN, an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. Uterine horns of pregnant alpacas exhibited a marked decrease in collagen content. In contrast, transcript expression of COL1A2 and COL3A1 was higher in the LUH of pregnant alpacas. Gene expression of MMP-3, -7, -9, -14, LGMN, and EMMPRIN were also higher in the LUH of pregnant animals, whereas MMP-2 gene expression was higher in the LUH of both pregnant and non-pregnant alpacas. Expression of TIMP1 and TIMP2 increased during pregnancy, with higher values in the LUH. In conclusion, expression of ECM components displayed a specific pattern depending on the uterine side and the physiological status (pregnant vs non-pregnant) of the animal. The increased expression of ECM transcripts in the left uterine horn during early pregnancy in alpacas suggests the involvement of these molecules in a highly regulated process leading to the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Barraza
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco, 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco, 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco, 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco, 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Florentino Ameghino s/n, El Manantial, 4105, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Joel I Pacheco
- Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM, Sede Marangani, Cuzco, Perú
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco, 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco, 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILI, Tucumán, Argentina.
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196
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of local doxycycline administration on skin scarring. BACKGROUND Skin scarring represents a major source of morbidity for surgical patients. Doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic with off-target effects on the extracellular matrix, has demonstrated antifibrotic effects in multiple organs. However, doxycycline's potential effects on skin scarring have not been explored in vivo. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice underwent dorsal wounding following an established splinted excisional skin wounding model. Doxycycline was administered by local injection into the wound base following injury. Wounds were harvested upon complete wound closure (postoperative day 15) for histological examination and biomechanical testing of scar tissue. RESULTS A one-time dose of 3.90 mM doxycycline (2 mg/mL) within 12 hours of injury was found to significantly reduce scar thickness by 24.8% (P < 0.0001) without compromising tensile strength. The same effect could not be achieved by oral dosing. In doxycycline-treated scar matrices, collagen I content was significantly reduced (P = 0.0317) and fibers were favorably arranged with significantly increased fiber randomness (P = 0.0115). Common culprits of altered wound healing mechanics, including angiogenesis and inflammation, were not impacted by doxycycline treatment. However, engrailed1 profibrotic fibroblasts, responsible for scar extracellular matrix deposition, were significantly reduced with doxycycline treatment (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Due to the substantial improvement in skin scarring and well-established clinical safety profile, locally administered doxycycline represents a promising vulnerary agent. As such, we favor rapid translation to human patients as an antiscarring therapy.
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197
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Acidic Phospholipase A2-Peptide Derivative Modulates Oxidative Status and Microstructural Reorganization of Scar Tissue after Cutaneous Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8273986. [PMID: 32733589 PMCID: PMC7369679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8273986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From in vitro and in vivo models, the proliferative and healing potential of an acidic phospholipase A2 (LAPLA2) from Lachesis muta venom was investigated. The LAPLA2 proliferative activity was evaluated on fibroblasts and keratinocytes cultured, and the antioxidant and regenerative potential of LAPLA2 was analyzed in a murine model. The animal study consisted of four groups: C (negative control): 0.9% NaCl; SS (positive control): 1% silver sulfadiazine; L1 group: 0.5% LAPLA2; and L2 group: 0.25% LAPLA2. Wounds were topically treated daily for 12 days, and scar tissue samples were collected every 4 days. In vitro, LAPLA2 stimulated marked time-dependent cell proliferation. In vivo, it increased the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (CP) levels in scar tissue treated with LAPLA2 at 0.5%. This peptide was effective in stimulating cellular proliferation, neoangiogenesis, type I and III collagen deposition, and maturation in a time-dependent-way, reducing the time required for wound closure. Our results indicated that LAPLA2 presented a remarkable potential in improving the oxidative status and microstructural reorganization of the scar tissue by stimulation of cellularity, angiogenesis, colagenogenesis, and wound contraction, suggesting that the peptide could be a potential candidate for a new healing drug.
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198
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Granato AEC, da Cruz EF, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Mosini AC, Ulrich H, Rodrigues BVM, Cheffer A, Porcionatto M. A novel decellularization method to produce brain scaffolds. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101412. [PMID: 32866727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) can assist tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The ECM is a complex biomaterial composed of proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, secreted by cells. The ECM contains fundamental biological cues that modulate cell behavior and serves as a structural scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. For clinical applications, where immune rejection is a constraint, ECM can be processed using decellularization methods intended to remove cells and donor antigens from tissue or organs, while preserving native biological cues essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recent studies show bioengineered organs composed by a combination of a diversity of materials and stem cells as a possibility of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases that affect different tissues and organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, the methodologies currently described for brain decellularization involve the use of several chemical reagents with many steps that ultimately limit the process of organ or tissue recellularization. Here, we describe for the first time a fast and straightforward method for complete decellularization of mice brain by the combination of rapid freezing and thawing following the use of only one detergent (Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)). Our data show that using the protocol we describe here, the brain was entirely decellularized, while still maintaining ECM components that are essential for cell survival on the scaffold. Our results also show the cell-loading of the decellularized brain matrix with Neuro2a cells, which were identified by immunohistochemistry in their undifferentiated form. We conclude that this novel and simple method for brain decellularization can be used as a scaffold for cell-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro E C Granato
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Cristina Mosini
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Lab, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zanchetta FC, Trinca RB, Gomes Silva JL, Breder JDSC, Cantarutti TA, Consonni SR, Moraes ÂM, Pereira de Araújo E, Saad MJA, Adams GG, Melo Lima MH. Effects of Electrospun Fibrous Membranes of PolyCaprolactone and Chitosan/Poly(Ethylene Oxide) on Mouse Acute Skin Lesions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1580. [PMID: 32708645 PMCID: PMC7408160 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a synthetic polymer with good mechanical properties that are useful to produce biomaterials of clinical application. It can be successfully combined with chitosan, which enhances the biomaterial properties through the modulation of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of electrospun fibrous membranes consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) or polycaprolactone coated with chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL+CHI/PEO) on mouse skin lesions. Sixty four Black-57 mice were divided into PCL and PCL+CHI/PEO groups. A 1 cm2 lesion was made on the animals' backs, and the membranes were sutured in place. The tissues were extracted on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after the lesion. The tissues were analyzed by histology with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red stains, morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. On the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days after the lesion, the PCL+CHI/PEO group showed a higher wound-healing rate (WHR). On the 3 day, the PCL+CHI/PEO group showed a greater amount of inflammatory infiltrate, greater expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (p < 0.05) compared to the PCL group. On the 7th day after the lesion, the PCL+CHI/PEO group showed a greater amount of inflammatory infiltrate, expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and PCNA (p < 0.05). In addition, it showed a greater immunolabeling of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and deposition of collagen fibers compared to the PCL group. The PCL+CHI/PEO membrane modulated the increase in the inflammatory infiltrate, the expression of MCP-1, PCNA, and α-SMA in lesions of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cristina Zanchetta
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
| | - Rafael Bergamo Trinca
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083852, Brazil; (R.B.T.); (Â.M.M.)
| | - Juliany Lino Gomes Silva
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
| | - Jéssica da Silva Cunha Breder
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
| | - Thiago Anselmo Cantarutti
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083970, Brazil;
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083852, Brazil; (R.B.T.); (Â.M.M.)
| | - Eliana Pereira de Araújo
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
| | | | - Gary G. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, C Floor, South Block Link, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Maria Helena Melo Lima
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas CEP 13083887, Brazil; (F.C.Z.); (J.L.G.S.); (J.d.S.C.B.); (T.A.C.); (E.P.d.A.)
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The osteogenic commitment of CD271+CD56+ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in osteoarthritic femoral head bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11145. [PMID: 32636407 PMCID: PMC7341749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder, is characterised by progressive structural changes in both the cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. In late disease stages, subchondral bone sclerosis has been linked to heightened osteogenic commitment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This study utilised cell sorting and immunohistochemistry to identify a phenotypically-distinct, osteogenically-committed BMSC subset in human OA trabecular bone. Femoral head trabecular bone tissue digests were sorted into CD45-CD271+CD56+CD146-, CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146+ and CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146-(termed double-negative, DN) subsets, and CD45+CD271-hematopoietic-lineage cells served as control. Compared to the CD146+ subset, the CD56+ subset possessed a lower-level expression of adipocyte-associated genes and significantly over 100-fold higher-level expression of many osteoblast-related genes including osteopontin and osteocalcin, whilst the DN subset presented a transcriptionally ‘intermediate’ BMSC population. All subsets were tri-potential following culture-expansion and were present in control non-OA trabecular bone. However, while in non-OA bone CD56+ cells only localised on the bone surface, in OA bone they were additionally present in the areas of new bone formation rich in osteoblasts and newly-embedded osteocytes. In summary, this study reveals a distinct osteogenically-committed CD271+CD56+ BMSC subset and implicates it in subchondral bone sclerosis in hip OA. CD271+CD56+ subset may represent a future therapeutic target for OA and other bone-associated pathologies.
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