151
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Passoni G, Langevin C, Palha N, Mounce BC, Briolat V, Affaticati P, De Job E, Joly JS, Vignuzzi M, Saleh MC, Herbomel P, Boudinot P, Levraud JP. Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:847-857. [PMID: 28483796 PMCID: PMC5536907 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Sindbis virus (SINV), are vector-borne pathogens that cause acute illnesses in humans and are sometimes associated with neuropathies, especially in infants and elderly patients. Little is known about their mechanism of entry into the central nervous system (CNS), even for SINV, which has been used extensively as a model for viral encephalopathies. We previously established a CHIKV infection model in the optically transparent zebrafish larva; here we describe a new SINV infection model in this host. We imaged in vivo the onset and progression of the infection caused by intravenous SINV inoculation. Similar to that described for CHIKV, infection in the periphery was detected early and was transient, whereas CNS infection started at later time points and was persistent or progressive. We then tested the possible mechanisms of neuroinvasion by CHIKV and SINV. Neither virus relied on macrophage-mediated transport to access the CNS. CHIKV, but not SINV, always infects endothelial cells of the brain vasculature. By contrast, axonal transport was much more efficient with SINV than CHIKV, both from the periphery to the CNS and between neural tissues. Thus, the preferred mechanisms of neuroinvasion by these two related viruses are distinct, providing a powerful imaging-friendly system to compare mechanisms and prevention methods of encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Passoni
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France.,Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Christelle Langevin
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France
| | - Nuno Palha
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Valérie Briolat
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Elodie De Job
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Viruses and RNA Interference, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
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152
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Pinto A, Ribeiro A, Carvalho T, Saúde ML. CLEM analysis of the angiogenic process in a zebrafish model of spinal cord injury. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1272150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pinto
- Histology and Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. Ribeiro
- LSaude Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T. Carvalho
- Histology and Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. L. Saúde
- LSaude Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
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153
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Baxendale S, van Eeden F, Wilkinson R. The Power of Zebrafish in Personalised Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:179-197. [PMID: 28840558 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of personalised medicine is to develop tailor-made therapies for patients in whom currently available therapeutics fail. This approach requires correlating individual patient genotype data to specific disease phenotype data and using these stratified data sets to identify bespoke therapeutics. Applications for personalised medicine include common complex diseases which may have multiple targets, as well as rare monogenic disorders, for which the target may be unknown. In both cases, whole genome sequence analysis (WGS) is discovering large numbers of disease associated mutations in new candidate genes and potential modifier genes. Currently, the main limiting factor is the determination of which mutated genes are important for disease progression and therefore represent potential targets for drug discovery. Zebrafish have gained popularity as a model organism for understanding developmental processes, disease mechanisms and more recently for drug discovery and toxicity testing. In this chapter, we will examine the diverse roles that zebrafish can make in the expanding field of personalised medicine, from generating humanised disease models to xenograft screening of different cancer cell lines, through to finding new drugs via in vivo phenotypic screens. We will discuss the tools available for zebrafish research and recent advances in techniques, highlighting the advantages and potential of using zebrafish for high throughput disease modeling and precision drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baxendale
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Freek van Eeden
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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154
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Lulla A, Barnhill L, Bitan G, Ivanova MI, Nguyen B, O’Donnell K, Stahl MC, Yamashiro C, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Sagasti A, Bronstein JM. Neurotoxicity of the Parkinson Disease-Associated Pesticide Ziram Is Synuclein-Dependent in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1766-1775. [PMID: 27301718 PMCID: PMC5089875 DOI: 10.1289/ehp141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the commonly used dithiocarbamate (DTC) pesticides is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD), although the mechanisms by which they exert their toxicity are not completely understood. OBJECTIVE We studied the mechanisms of ziram's (a DTC fungicide) neurotoxicity in vivo. METHODS Zebrafish (ZF) embryos were utilized to determine ziram's effects on behavior, neuronal toxicity, and the role of synuclein in its toxicity. RESULTS Nanomolar-range concentrations of ziram caused selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and impaired swimming behavior. Because ziram increases α-synuclein (α-syn) concentrations in rat primary neuronal cultures, we investigated the effect of ziram on ZF γ-synuclein 1 (γ1). ZF express 3 synuclein isoforms, and ZF γ1 appears to be the closest functional homologue to α-syn. We found that recombinant ZF γ1 formed fibrils in vitro, and overexpression of ZF γ1 in ZF embryos led to the formation of neuronal aggregates and neurotoxicity in a manner similar to that of α-syn. Importantly, knockdown of ZF γ1 with morpholinos and disruption of oligomers with the molecular tweezer CLR01 prevented ziram's DA toxicity. CONCLUSIONS These data show that ziram is selectively toxic to DA neurons in vivo, and this toxicity is synuclein-dependent. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which pesticides may cause PD. Citation: Lulla A, Barnhill L, Bitan G, Ivanova MI, Nguyen B, O'Donnell K, Stahl MC, Yamashiro C, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Sagasti A, Bronstein JM. 2016. Neurotoxicity of the Parkinson disease-associated pesticide ziram is synuclein-dependent in zebrafish embryos. Environ Health Perspect 124:1766-1775; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lulla
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisa Barnhill
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, and
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Magdalena I. Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelley O’Donnell
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark C. Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chase Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeff M. Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, and
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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155
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N-Cadherin is Involved in Neuronal Activity-Dependent Regulation of Myelinating Capacity of Zebrafish Individual Oligodendrocytes In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6917-6930. [PMID: 27771903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulating neuronal activity increases myelin sheath formation by individual oligodendrocytes, but how myelination is regulated by neuronal activity in vivo is still not fully understood. While in vitro studies have revealed the important role of N-cadherin in myelination, our understanding in vivo remains quite limited. To obtain the role of N-cadherin during activity-dependent regulation of myelinating capacity of individual oligodendrocytes, we successfully built an in vivo dynamic imaging model of the Mauthner cell at the subcellular structure level in the zebrafish central nervous system. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged N-cadherin was used to visualize the stable accumulations and mobile transports of N-cadherin by single-cell electroporation at the single-cell level. We found that pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) significantly enhanced the accumulation of N-cadherin in Mauthner axons, a response that was paralleled by enhanced sheath number per oligodendrocytes. By offsetting this phenotype using oligopeptide (AHAVD) which blocks the function of N-cadherin, we showed that PTZ regulates myelination in an N-cadherin-dependent manner. What is more, we further suggested that PTZ influences N-cadherin and myelination via a cAMP pathway. Consequently, our data indicated that N-cadherin is involved in neuronal activity-dependent regulation of myelinating capacity of zebrafish individual oligodendrocytes in vivo.
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156
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Zada D, Tovin A, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Appelbaum L. Pharmacological treatment and BBB-targeted genetic therapy for MCT8-dependent hypomyelination in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1339-1348. [PMID: 27664134 PMCID: PMC5117236 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomyelination is a key symptom of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), a psychomotor retardation associated with mutations in the thyroid-hormone (TH) transporter MCT8 (monocarboxylate transporter 8). AHDS is characterized by severe intellectual deficiency, neuromuscular impairment and brain hypothyroidism. In order to understand the mechanism for TH-dependent hypomyelination, we developed an mct8 mutant (mct8-/-) zebrafish model. The quantification of genetic markers for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes revealed reduced differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes in mct8-/- larvae and adults. Live imaging of single glial cells showed that the number of oligodendrocytes and the length of their extensions are reduced, and the number of peripheral Schwann cells is increased, in mct8-/- larvae compared with wild type. Pharmacological analysis showed that TH analogs and clemastine partially rescued the hypomyelination in the CNS of mct8-/- larvae. Intriguingly, triiodothyronine (T3) treatment rescued hypomyelination in mct8-/- embryos before the maturation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but did not affect hypomyelination in older larvae. Thus, we expressed Mct8-tagRFP in the endothelial cells of the vascular system and showed that even relatively weak mosaic expression completely rescued hypomyelination in mct8-/- larvae. These results suggest potential pharmacological treatments and BBB-targeted gene therapy that can enhance myelination in AHDS and possibly in other TH-dependent brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zada
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Adi Tovin
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tali Lerer-Goldshtein
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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157
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Zebrafish is a predictive model for identifying compounds that protect against brain toxicity in severe acute organophosphorus intoxication. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1891-1901. [PMID: 27655295 PMCID: PMC5364264 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute organophosphorus (OP) intoxication is a worldwide clinical and public health problem. In addition to cholinergic crisis, neurodegeneration and brain damage are hallmarks of the severe form of this toxidrome. Recently, we generated a chemical model of severe acute OP intoxication in zebrafish that is characterized by altered head morphology and brain degeneration. The pathophysiological pathways resulting in brain toxicity in this model are similar to those described in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of this zebrafish model by testing the effect of a panel of drugs that provide protection in mammalian models. The selected drugs included “standard therapy” drugs (atropine and pralidoxime), reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (huperzine A, galantamine, physostigmine and pyridostigmine), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (MK-801 and memantine), dual-function NMDA receptor and acetylcholine receptor antagonists (caramiphen and benactyzine) and anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone and ibuprofen). The effects of these drugs on zebrafish survival and the prevalence of abnormal head morphology in the larvae exposed to 4 µM chlorpyrifos oxon [1 × median lethal concentration (LC50)] were determined. Moreover, the neuroprotective effects of pralidoxime, memantine, caramiphen and dexamethasone at the gross morphological level were confirmed by histopathological and transcriptional analyses. Our results demonstrated that the zebrafish model for severe acute OP intoxication has a high predictive value and can be used to identify new compounds that provide neuroprotection against severe acute OP intoxication.
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158
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Jim KK, Engelen-Lee J, van der Sar AM, Bitter W, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, Veening JW, van de Beek D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE. Infection of zebrafish embryos with live fluorescent Streptococcus pneumoniae as a real-time pneumococcal meningitis model. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:188. [PMID: 27542968 PMCID: PMC4992281 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis, an infection where unfavourable outcome is driven by bacterial and host-derived toxins. In this study, we developed and characterized a pneumococcal meningitis model in zebrafish embryos that allows for real-time investigation of early host-microbe interaction. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were infected in the caudal vein or hindbrain ventricle with green fluorescent wild-type S. pneumoniae D39 or a pneumolysin-deficient mutant. The kdrl:mCherry transgenic zebrafish line was used to visualize the blood vessels, whereas phagocytic cells were visualized by staining with far red anti-L-plastin or in mpx:GFP/mpeg1:mCherry zebrafish, that have green fluorescent neutrophils and red fluorescent macrophages. Imaging was performed by fluorescence confocal and time-lapse microscopy. RESULTS After infection by caudal vein, we saw focal clogging of the pneumococci in the blood vessels and migration of bacteria through the blood-brain barrier into the subarachnoid space and brain tissue. Infection with pneumolysin-deficient S. pneumoniae in the hindbrain ventricle showed attenuated growth and migration through the brain as compared to the wild-type strain. Time-lapse and confocal imaging revealed that the initial innate immune response to S. pneumoniae in the subarachnoid space mainly consisted of neutrophils and that pneumolysin-mediated cytolytic activity caused a marked reduction of phagocytes. CONCLUSIONS This new meningitis model permits detailed analysis and visualization of host-microbe interaction in pneumococcal meningitis in real time and is a very promising tool to further our insights in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Ki Jim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - JooYeon Engelen-Lee
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van der Sar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Molecular Genetics Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Centre for Synthetic Biology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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159
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Thomson A, Kurien C, Shytle RD, Sanberg PR. Potential new complication in drug therapy development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:1397-1405. [PMID: 27362330 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1207530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment development for ALS is complicated by complex underlying disease factors. Areas covered: Numerous tested drug compounds have shown no benefits in ALS patients, although effective in animal models. Discrepant results of pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials for ALS have primarily been attributed to limitations of ALS animal models for drug-screening studies and methodological inconsistencies in human trials. Current status of pre-clinical and clinical trials in ALS is summarized. Specific blood-CNS barrier damage in ALS patients, as a novel potential reason for the clinical failures in drug therapies, is discussed. Expert commentary: Pathological perivascular collagen IV accumulation, one unique characteristic of barrier damage in ALS patients, could be hindering transport of therapeutics to the CNS. Restoration of B-CNS-B integrity would foster delivery of therapeutics to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,c Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,d Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Avery Thomson
- e Department of Neurology , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Crupa Kurien
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,d Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,f Department of Psychiatry , University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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160
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McCutcheon V, Park E, Liu E, Wang Y, Wen XY, Baker AJ. A Model of Excitotoxic Brain Injury in Larval Zebrafish: Potential Application for High-Throughput Drug Evaluation to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury. Zebrafish 2016; 13:161-9. [PMID: 27028704 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and morbidity with no effective therapeutic treatments for secondary injury. Preclinical drug evaluation in rodent models of TBI is a lengthy process. In this regard, the zebrafish has numerous advantages to address the technical and time-dependent obstacles associated with drug evaluation. We developed a reproducible brain injury using glutamate excitoxicity in zebrafish larvae, a known initiator of delayed cell death in TBI. Glutamate challenge resulted in dose-dependent lethality over an 84-h observation period. We report significant decrease in locomotion (p < 0.0001) and mean velocity (p < 0.001) with 10 μM glutamate application as measured through automated 96-well plate behavioral analysis. Application of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (400 nM) or the calpain inhibitor, MDL-28170 (20 μM), resulted in significant recovery of locomotor function. A secA5-YFP transgenic line was used to visualize the localization of cell death due to glutamate exposure in vivo using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Our results indicate that zebrafish larvae exhibit responses to excitotoxic injury and pharmacotherapeutic intervention with pathophysiological relevance to mammalian excitotoxic brain injury. This system has potential to be applied as a high-throughput drug screening model to quickly identify candidate lead compounds for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McCutcheon
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Park
- 2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Liu
- 2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Youdong Wang
- 2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,4 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Baker
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,5 Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,6 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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161
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Abstract
The zebrafish model is the only available high-throughput vertebrate assessment system, and it is uniquely suited for studies of in vivo cell biology. A sequenced and annotated genome has revealed a large degree of evolutionary conservation in comparison to the human genome. Due to our shared evolutionary history, the anatomical and physiological features of fish are highly homologous to humans, which facilitates studies relevant to human health. In addition, zebrafish provide a very unique vertebrate data stream that allows researchers to anchor hypotheses at the biochemical, genetic, and cellular levels to observations at the structural, functional, and behavioral level in a high-throughput format. In this review, we will draw heavily from toxicological studies to highlight advances in zebrafish high-throughput systems. Breakthroughs in transgenic/reporter lines and methods for genetic manipulation, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, will be comprised of reports across diverse disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Garcia
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Pamela D Noyes
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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162
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Saunders NR, Habgood MD, Møllgård K, Dziegielewska KM. The biological significance of brain barrier mechanisms: help or hindrance in drug delivery to the central nervous system? F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 26998242 PMCID: PMC4786902 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7378.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier mechanisms in the brain are important for its normal functioning and development. Stability of the brain's internal environment, particularly with respect to its ionic composition, is a prerequisite for the fundamental basis of its function, namely transmission of nerve impulses. In addition, the appropriate and controlled supply of a wide range of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, monocarboxylates, and vitamins is also essential for normal development and function. These are all cellular functions across the interfaces that separate the brain from the rest of the internal environment of the body. An essential morphological component of all but one of the barriers is the presence of specialized intercellular tight junctions between the cells comprising the interface: endothelial cells in the blood-brain barrier itself, cells of the arachnoid membrane, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and tanycytes (specialized glial cells) in the circumventricular organs. In the ependyma lining the cerebral ventricles in the adult brain, the cells are joined by gap junctions, which are not restrictive for intercellular movement of molecules. But in the developing brain, the forerunners of these cells form the neuroepithelium, which restricts exchange of all but the smallest molecules between cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid because of the presence of strap junctions between the cells. The intercellular junctions in all these interfaces are the physical basis for their barrier properties. In the blood-brain barrier proper, this is combined with a paucity of vesicular transport that is a characteristic of other vascular beds. Without such a diffusional restrain, the cellular transport mechanisms in the barrier interfaces would be ineffective. Superimposed on these physical structures are physiological mechanisms as the cells of the interfaces contain various metabolic transporters and efflux pumps, often ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, that provide an important component of the barrier functions by either preventing entry of or expelling numerous molecules including toxins, drugs, and other xenobiotics. In this review, we summarize these influx and efflux mechanisms in normal developing and adult brain, as well as indicating their likely involvement in a wide range of neuropathologies. There have been extensive attempts to overcome the barrier mechanisms that prevent the entry of many drugs of therapeutic potential into the brain. We outline those that have been tried and discuss why they may so far have been largely unsuccessful. Currently, a promising approach appears to be focal, reversible disruption of the blood-brain barrier using focused ultrasound, but more work is required to evaluate the method before it can be tried in patients. Overall, our view is that much more fundamental knowledge of barrier mechanisms and development of new experimental methods will be required before drug targeting to the brain is likely to be a successful endeavor. In addition, such studies, if applied to brain pathologies such as stroke, trauma, or multiple sclerosis, will aid in defining the contribution of brain barrier pathology to these conditions, either causative or secondary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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163
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De Jesús Andino F, Jones L, Maggirwar SB, Robert J. Frog Virus 3 dissemination in the brain of tadpoles, but not in adult Xenopus, involves blood brain barrier dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22508. [PMID: 26931458 PMCID: PMC4773881 DOI: 10.1038/srep22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While increasing evidence points to a key role of monocytes in amphibian host defenses, monocytes are also thought to be important in the dissemination and persistent infection caused by ranavirus. However, little is known about the fate of infected macrophages or if ranavirus exploits immune privileged organs, such as the brain, in order to establish a reservoir. The amphibian Xenopus laevis and Frog Virus 3 (FV3) were established as an experimental platform for investigating in vivo whether ranavirus could disseminate to the brain. Our data show that the FV3 infection alters the BBB integrity, possibly mediated by an inflammatory response, which leads to viral dissemination into the central nervous system in X. laevis tadpole but not adult. Furthermore, our data suggest that the macrophages play a major role in viral dissemination by carrying the virus into the neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco De Jesús Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Letitia Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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164
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Deracinois B, Lenfant AM, Dehouck MP, Flahaut C. Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) in Vessels of the Brain. Subcell Biochem 2016. [PMID: 26219710 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7197-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microvessels of the brain represent around 3-4 % of the brain compartment but constitute the most important length (400 miles) and surface of exchange (20 m(2)) between the blood and the parenchyma of brain. Under influence of surrounding tissues, the brain microvessel endothelium expresses a specific phenotype that regulates and restricts the entry of compounds and cells from blood to brain, and defined the so-called blood-brain barrier (BBB). Evidences that alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a characteristic feature of the BBB phenotype that allows differentiating capillary endothelial cells from brain to those of the periphery have rapidly emerge. Thenceforth, AP has been rapidly used as a biomarker of the blood-brain barrier phenotype. In fact, brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) express exclusively tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). There are several lines of evidence in favour of an important role for TNAP in brain function. TNAP is thought to be responsible for the control of transport of some compounds across the plasma membrane of the BCECs. Here, we report that levamisole-mediated inhibition of TNAP provokes an increase of the permeability to Lucifer Yellow of the endothelial monolayer. Moreover, we illustrate the disruption of the cytoskeleton organization. Interestingly, all observed effects were reversible 24 h after levamisole removal and correlated with the return of a full activity of the TNAP. This reversible effect remains to be studied in details to evaluate the potentiality of a levamisole treatment to enhance the entry of drugs in the brain parenchyma.
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165
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Pharmacological modulation of HDAC1 and HDAC6 in vivo in a zebrafish model: Therapeutic implications for Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:328-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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166
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Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ, Homechaudhuri S, Stewart AM, Collier AD, Kaluyeva AA, Li S, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang J, Yang L, Mitra A, Pal S, Chaudhuri A, Roy A, Biswas M, Roy D, Podder A, Poudel MK, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Kyzar EJ, Gaikwad S, Nguyen M, Song C. Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:297-309. [PMID: 26372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as an important model organism for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. The behavioral/phenotypic complexity of zebrafish allows for thorough dissection of complex human brain disorders and drug-evoked pathological states. As numerous zebrafish models become available with a wide spectrum of behavioral, genetic, and environmental methods to test novel drugs, here we discuss recent zebrafish phenomics methods to facilitate drug discovery, particularly in the field of biological psychiatry. Additionally, behavioral, neurological, and endocrine endpoints are becoming increasingly well-characterized in zebrafish, making them an inexpensive, robust and effective model for toxicology research and pharmacological screening. We also discuss zebrafish behavioral phenotypes, experimental considerations, pharmacological candidates and relevance of zebrafish neurophenomics to other 'omics' (e.g., genomic, proteomic) approaches. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations of utilizing this model organism, and outline future strategies of research in the field of zebrafish phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Chemical-Technological Institute and Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - David J Echevarria
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Sumit Homechaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Shaomin Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Yingcong Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Anisa Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subharthi Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adwitiya Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Missidona Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dola Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anupam Podder
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Ruchi J Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Siddharth Gaikwad
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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167
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TRP channel mediated neuronal activation and ablation in freely behaving zebrafish. Nat Methods 2015; 13:147-50. [PMID: 26657556 PMCID: PMC4851460 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a useful vertebrate model system in which to study neural circuits and behavior, but tools to modulate neurons in freely behaving animals are limited. As poikilotherms that live in water, zebrafish are amenable to thermal and pharmacological perturbations. We exploit these properties by using transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to activate or ablate specific neuronal populations using the chemical and thermal agonists of heterologously expressed TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1.
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168
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Bergen AA, Kaing S, ten Brink JB, Gorgels TG, Janssen SF. Gene expression and functional annotation of human choroid plexus epithelium failure in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:956. [PMID: 26573292 PMCID: PMC4647590 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD has a multifactorial disease etiology and is currently untreatable. Multiple genes and molecular mechanisms have been implicated in AD, including ß-amyloid deposition in the brain, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau, synaptic failure, oxidative stress and inflammation. Relatively little is known about the role of the blood-brain barriers, especially the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), in AD. The BCSFB is involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, maintenance of brain homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. RESULTS Using an Agilent platform with common reference design, we performed a large scale gene expression analysis and functional annotation of the Choroid Plexus Epithelium (CPE), which forms the BCSFB. We obtained 2 groups of freshly frozen Choroid Plexus (CP) of 7 human donor brains each, with and without AD: Braak stages (0-1) and (5-6). We cut CP cryo-sections and isolated RNA from cresyl-violet stained, laser dissected CPE cells. Gene expression results were analysed with T-tests (R) and the knowledge-database Ingenuity. We found statistically significantly altered gene expression data sets, biological functions, canonical pathways, molecular networks and functionalities in AD-affected CPE. We observed specific cellular changes due to increased oxidative stress, such as the unfolded protein response, E1F2 and NRF2 signalling and the protein ubiquitin pathway. Most likely, the AD-affected BCSFB barrier becomes more permeable due to downregulation of CLDN5. Finally, our data also predicted down regulation of the glutathione mediated detoxification pathway and the urea cycle in the AD CPE, which suggest that the CPE sink action may be impaired. Remarkably, the expression of a number of genes known to be involved in AD, such as APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, TTR and CLU is moderate to high and remains stable in both healthy and affected CPE. Literature labelling of our new functional molecular networks confirmed multiple previous (molecular) observations in the AD literature and revealed many new ones. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CPE failure in AD exists. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose the following chronological and overlapping chain of events: increased Aß burden on CPE; increased oxidative stress in CPE; despite continuous high expression of TTR: decreased capability of CPE to process amyloid; (pro-) inflammatory and growth factor signalling by CPE; intracellular ubiquitin involvement, remodelling of CPE tight junctions and, finally, cellular atrophy. Our data corroborates the hypothesis that increased BCSFB permeability, especially loss of selective CLDN5-mediated paracellular transport, altered CSF production and CPE sink action, as well as loss of CPE mediated macrophage recruitment contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sovann Kaing
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo G Gorgels
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Janssen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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169
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Legradi J, el Abdellaoui N, van Pomeren M, Legler J. Comparability of behavioural assays using zebrafish larvae to assess neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16277-89. [PMID: 25399529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Testing of compounds for neurotoxicity has become increasingly important in recent years. It has been shown that neurological disorders like autism may be related to chemical exposures, which may play a crucial role in the progression of these diseases. Special attention has been be given to the substances causing developmental neurotoxicity as the developing nervous system is more vulnerable to impacts by chemicals than the adult nervous system. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model species in developmental biology and an emerging model in behavioural and neurological studies. Zebrafish larvae display numerous behavioural patterns highly similar to rodents and humans. Their physical characteristics make them well suited for automated high-throughput screening. In the last years, the number of behavioural studies conducted with zebrafish larvae has increased notably. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of behavioural assays commonly used to test substances for developmental neurotoxicity. Literature from 1995 to 2014 was reviewed and focussed on assays performed with zebrafish larvae younger than 7 days post fertilization (dpf). The behavioural tests were scrutinized, and parameters describing the different experimental setups were defined. In the next step, we investigated if differences in the experimental parameters alter the outcome of the test. In order to test the comparability of behavioural assays, we analysed several studies using ethanol, valproate and pentylenetetrazole as model substances. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations which could help improve future behavioural studies performed with zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N el Abdellaoui
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Pomeren
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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170
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Abstract
The zebrafish has become a prominent vertebrate model for disease and has already contributed to several examples of successful phenotype-based drug discovery. For the zebrafish to become useful in drug development more broadly, key hurdles must be overcome, including a more comprehensive elucidation of the similarities and differences between human and zebrafish biology. Recent studies have begun to establish the capabilities and limitations of zebrafish for disease modelling, drug screening, target identification, pharmacology, and toxicology. As our understanding increases and as the technologies for manipulating zebrafish improve, it is hoped that the zebrafish will have a key role in accelerating the emergence of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Network Medicine Divisions, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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171
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Live Imaging of Host-Parasite Interactions in a Zebrafish Infection Model Reveals Cryptococcal Determinants of Virulence and Central Nervous System Invasion. mBio 2015; 6:e01425-15. [PMID: 26419880 PMCID: PMC4611042 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01425-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is capable of infecting a broad range of hosts, from invertebrates like amoebas and nematodes to standard vertebrate models such as mice and rabbits. Here we have taken advantage of a zebrafish model to investigate host-pathogen interactions of Cryptococcus with the zebrafish innate immune system, which shares a highly conserved framework with that of mammals. Through live-imaging observations and genetic knockdown, we establish that macrophages are the primary immune cells responsible for responding to and containing acute cryptococcal infections. By interrogating survival and cryptococcal burden following infection with a panel of Cryptococcus mutants, we find that virulence factors initially identified as important in causing disease in mice are also necessary for pathogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Live imaging of the cranial blood vessels of infected larvae reveals that C. neoformans is able to penetrate the zebrafish brain following intravenous infection. By studying a C. neoformans FNX1 gene mutant, we find that blood-brain barrier invasion is dependent on a known cryptococcal invasion-promoting pathway previously identified in a murine model of central nervous system invasion. The zebrafish-C. neoformans platform provides a visually and genetically accessible vertebrate model system for cryptococcal pathogenesis with many of the advantages of small invertebrates. This model is well suited for higher-throughput screening of mutants, mechanistic dissection of cryptococcal pathogenesis in live animals, and use in the evaluation of therapeutic agents. IMPORTANCE Cryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic pathogen that is estimated to be responsible for more than 600,000 deaths worldwide annually. Existing mammalian models of cryptococcal pathogenesis are costly, and the analysis of important pathogenic processes such as meningitis is laborious and remains a challenge to visualize. Conversely, although invertebrate models of cryptococcal infection allow high-throughput assays, they fail to replicate the anatomical complexity found in vertebrates and, specifically, cryptococcal stages of disease. Here we have utilized larval zebrafish as a platform that overcomes many of these limitations. We demonstrate that the pathogenesis of C. neoformans infection in zebrafish involves factors identical to those in mammalian and invertebrate infections. We then utilize the live-imaging capacity of zebrafish larvae to follow the progression of cryptococcal infection in real time and establish a relevant model of the critical central nervous system infection phase of disease in a nonmammalian model.
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172
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Vittori M, Motaln H, Turnšek TL. The study of glioma by xenotransplantation in zebrafish early life stages. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:749-61. [PMID: 26109632 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415595670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos are becoming an increasingly popular tool for studying processes involved in tumor progression and in the search for novel tumor treatment approaches. The xenotransplantation of fluorescently labeled mammalian cancer cells into zebrafish embryos is an approach enabling relatively high-throughput in vivo analyses. The small size of the embryos as well as the relative simplicity of their manipulation and maintenance allow for large numbers of embryos to be processed efficiently in a short time and at low cost. Furthermore, the possibility of fluorescence microscopic imaging of tumor progression within zebrafish embryos and larvae holds unprecedented potential for the real-time visualization of these processes in vivo. This review presents the methodologies of xenotransplantation studies on zebrafish involving research on tumor invasion, proliferation, tumor-induced angiogenesis and screening for antitumor therapeutics. We further focus on the application of these zebrafish to the study of glioma; in particular, its most common and malignant form, glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
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173
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Inactivating mutations in MFSD2A, required for omega-3 fatty acid transport in brain, cause a lethal microcephaly syndrome. Nat Genet 2015; 47:809-13. [PMID: 26005868 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in brain, and, although it is considered essential, deficiency has not been linked to disease. Despite the large mass of DHA in phospholipids, the brain does not synthesize it. DHA is imported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (MFSD2A) protein. MFSD2A transports DHA as well as other fatty acids in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We identify two families displaying MFSD2A mutations in conserved residues. Affected individuals exhibited a lethal microcephaly syndrome linked to inadequate uptake of LPC lipids. The MFSD2A mutations impaired transport activity in a cell-based assay. Moreover, when expressed in mfsd2aa-morphant zebrafish, mutants failed to rescue microcephaly, BBB breakdown and lethality. Our results establish a link between transport of DHA and LPCs by MFSD2A and human brain growth and function, presenting the first evidence of monogenic disease related to transport of DHA in humans.
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174
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van der Ent W, Burrello C, de Lange MJ, van der Velden PA, Jochemsen AG, Jager MJ, Snaar-Jagalska BE. Embryonic Zebrafish: Different Phenotypes after Injection of Human Uveal Melanoma Cells. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 1:170-81. [PMID: 27171126 DOI: 10.1159/000370159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although murine xenograft models for human uveal melanoma (UM) are available, they are of limited utility for screening large compound libraries for the discovery of new drugs. We need new preclinical models which can efficiently evaluate drugs that can treat UM metastases. The zebrafish embryonic model is ideal for drug screening purposes because it allows the investigation of potential antitumor properties of drugs within 1 week. The optical transparency of the zebrafish provides unique possibilities for live imaging of fluorescence-labelled cancer cells and their behavior. In addition, the adaptive immune response, which is responsible for the rejection of transplanted material, is not yet present in the early stages of fish development, and systemic immunosuppression is therefore not required to allow growth of tumor cells. We studied the behavior of UM cells following injection into zebrafish embryos and observed different phenotypes. We also analyzed cell migration, proliferation, formation of micrometastasis and interaction with the host microenvironment. Significant differences were noted between cell lines: cells derived from metastases showed more migration and proliferation than cells derived from the primary tumors. The addition of the c-Met inhibitor crizotinib to the water in which the larvae were kept reduced the migration and proliferation of UM cells expressing c-Met. This indicates the applicability of the zebrafish xenografts for testing novel inhibitory compounds and provides a fast and sensitive in vivo vertebrate model for preclinical drug screening to combat UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske van der Ent
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Burrello
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Lange
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Ewa Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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175
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Andersson MÅ, Ek F, Olsson R. Using visual lateralization to model learning and memory in zebrafish larvae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8667. [PMID: 25727677 PMCID: PMC4345346 DOI: 10.1038/srep08667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired learning and memory are common symptoms of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Present, there are several behavioural test employed to assess cognitive functions in animal models, including the frequently used novel object recognition (NOR) test. However, although atypical functional brain lateralization has been associated with neuropsychiatric conditions, spanning from schizophrenia to autism, few animal models are available to study this phenomenon in learning and memory deficits. Here we present a visual lateralization NOR model (VLNOR) in zebrafish larvae as an assay that combines brain lateralization and NOR. In zebrafish larvae, learning and memory are generally assessed by habituation, sensitization, or conditioning paradigms, which are all representatives of nondeclarative memory. The VLNOR is the first model for zebrafish larvae that studies a memory similar to the declarative memory described for mammals. We demonstrate that VLNOR can be used to study memory formation, storage, and recall of novel objects, both short and long term, in 10-day-old zebrafish. Furthermore we show that the VLNOR model can be used to study chemical modulation of memory formation and maintenance using dizocilpine (MK-801), a frequently used non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, used to test putative antipsychotics in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Åberg Andersson
- 1] Chemical Biology &Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden [2] Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology &Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- 1] Chemical Biology &Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden [2] Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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176
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Nishimura Y, Murakami S, Ashikawa Y, Sasagawa S, Umemoto N, Shimada Y, Tanaka T. Zebrafish as a systems toxicology model for developmental neurotoxicity testing. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:1-16. [PMID: 25109898 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is extremely sensitive to many chemicals. Exposure to neurotoxicants during development has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Although rodents have been widely used for developmental neurotoxicity testing, experiments using large numbers of rodents are time-consuming, expensive, and raise ethical concerns. Using alternative non-mammalian animal models may relieve some of these pressures by allowing testing of large numbers of subjects while reducing expenses and minimizing the use of mammalian subjects. In this review, we discuss some of the advantages of using zebrafish in developmental neurotoxicity testing, focusing on central nervous system development, neurobehavior, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics in this species. We also describe some important examples of developmental neurotoxicity testing using zebrafish combined with gene expression profiling, neuroimaging, or neurobehavioral assessment. Zebrafish may be a systems toxicology model that has the potential to reveal the pathways of developmental neurotoxicity and to provide a sound basis for human risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu, Japan; Depertment of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Tsu, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
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177
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Lu X, Long Y, Sun R, Zhou B, Lin L, Zhong S, Cui Z. Zebrafish Abcb4 is a potential efflux transporter of microcystin-LR. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 167:35-42. [PMID: 25193616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the most common microcystins (MCs), which are hepatotoxic and released into a water body during a period of cyanobacterial blooms. These toxicants can be accumulated in aquatic animals and transferred along the food chain and thus pose adverse effects on aquatic environment and public health. Zebrafish Abcb4 is reported to mediate the cellular efflux of ecotoxicologically relevant compounds including galaxolide, tonalide and phenanthrene; however, it remains unclear whether Abcb4 functions in the detoxification of MC-LR. Here, we demonstrated the role of zebrafish Abcb4 in cellular efflux of MC-LR. Transcripts of zebrafish abcb4 were detected in all of adult tissues examined. MC-LR was able to induce the expression of abcb4 gene and overexpression of Abcb4 significantly decreased the cytotoxicity and accumulation of MC-LR in LLC-PK1 cells and developing embryos. In contrast, overexpression of an Abcb4-G1177D mutant abolished its transporter function but not substrate binding activity, and sensitized LLC-PK1 cells and developing embryos to this cyanobacterial toxin. Moreover, ATPase activity in developing embryos can be induced by MC-LR. Thus, zebrafish Abcb4 plays crucial roles in cellular efflux of MC-LR and is a potential molecular marker for the monitoring of cyanobacteria contamination in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yong Long
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Rongze Sun
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Bolan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zongbin Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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178
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Oosterhof N, Boddeke E, van Ham TJ. Immune cell dynamics in the CNS: Learning from the zebrafish. Glia 2014; 63:719-35. [PMID: 25557007 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A major question in research on immune responses in the brain is how the timing and nature of these responses influence physiology, pathogenesis or recovery from pathogenic processes. Proper understanding of the immune regulation of the human brain requires a detailed description of the function and activities of the immune cells in the brain. Zebrafish larvae allow long-term, noninvasive imaging inside the brain at high-spatiotemporal resolution using fluorescent transgenic reporters labeling specific cell populations. Together with recent additional technical advances this allows an unprecedented versatility and scope of future studies. Modeling of human physiology and pathology in zebrafish has already yielded relevant insights into cellular dynamics and function that can be translated to the human clinical situation. For instance, in vivo studies in the zebrafish have provided new insight into immune cell dynamics in granuloma formation in tuberculosis and the mechanisms involving treatment resistance. In this review, we highlight recent findings and novel tools paving the way for basic neuroimmunology research in the zebrafish. GLIA 2015;63:719-735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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179
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Stanimirovic DB, Bani-Yaghoub M, Perkins M, Haqqani AS. Blood-brain barrier models: in vitro to in vivo translation in preclinical development of CNS-targeting biotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 10:141-55. [PMID: 25388782 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.974545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of therapeutics, small molecule or biologics, developed for the CNS do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sufficiently to induce pharmacologically meaningful effects on CNS targets. To improve the efficiency of CNS drug discovery, several in vitro models of the BBB have been used to aid early selection of molecules with CNS exposure potential. However, correlative studies suggest relatively poor predictability of in vitro BBB models underscoring the need to combine in vitro and in vivo BBB penetration assessment into an integrated preclinical workflow. AREAS COVERED This review gives a brief general overview of in vitro and in vivo BBB models used in the pre-clinical evaluation of CNS-targeting drugs, with particular focus on the recent progress in developing humanized models. The authors discuss the advantages, limitations, in vitro-in vivo correlation, and integration of these models into CNS drug discovery and development with the aim of improving translation. EXPERT OPINION Often, a simplistic rationalization of the CNS drug discovery and development process overlooks or even ignores the need for an early and predictive assessment of the BBB permeability. Indeed, past failures of CNS candidates in clinical trials argue strongly that the early deployment of in vitro and in vivo models for assessing BBB permeability, mechanisms of transport and brain exposure of leads, and the co-development of BBB delivery strategies will improve translation and increase the clinical success of CNS pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M-54 Ottawa, ON K4P 1R7 , Canada +1 613 993 3730 ; +1 613 941 4475 ;
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180
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Baral R, Ngounou Wetie AG, Darie CC, Wallace KN. Mass spectrometry for proteomics-based investigation using the zebrafish vertebrate model system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:331-40. [PMID: 24952190 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is frequently being used to investigate the genetics of human diseases as well as resulting pathologies. Ease of both forward and reverse genetic manipulation along with conservation of vertebrate organ systems and disease causing genes has made this system a popular model. Many techniques have been developed to manipulate the genome of zebrafish producing mutants in a vast array of genes. While genetic manipulation of zebrafish has progressed, proteomics have been under-utilized. This review highlights studies that have already been performed using proteomic techniques and as well as our initial proteomic work comparing changes to the proteome between the ascl1a-/- and WT intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshica Baral
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA
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181
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Zebrafish as a Model for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment: The Application of the Zebrafish in Defining the Effects of Arsenic, Methylmercury, or Lead on Early Neurodevelopment. TOXICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/toxics2030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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182
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van Leeuwen LM, van der Kuip M, Youssef SA, de Bruin A, Bitter W, van Furth AM, van der Sar AM. Modeling tuberculous meningitis in zebrafish using Mycobacterium marinum. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1111-22. [PMID: 24997190 PMCID: PMC4142731 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most severe extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis, with a high morbidity and mortality. Characteristic pathological features of TBM are Rich foci, i.e. brain- and spinal-cord-specific granulomas formed after hematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis. Little is known about the early pathogenesis of TBM and the role of Rich foci. We have adapted the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection (zebrafish-M. marinum model) to study TBM. First, we analyzed whether TBM occurs in adult zebrafish and showed that intraperitoneal infection resulted in granuloma formation in the meninges in 20% of the cases, with occasional brain parenchyma involvement. In zebrafish embryos, bacterial infiltration and clustering of infected phagocytes was observed after infection at three different inoculation sites: parenchyma, hindbrain ventricle and caudal vein. Infection via the bloodstream resulted in the formation of early granulomas in brain tissue in 70% of the cases. In these zebrafish embryos, infiltrates were located in the proximity of blood vessels. Interestingly, no differences were observed when embryos were infected before or after early formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), indicating that bacteria are able to cross this barrier with relatively high efficiency. In agreement with this observation, infected zebrafish larvae also showed infiltration of the brain tissue. Upon infection of embryos with an M. marinum ESX-1 mutant, only small clusters and scattered isolated phagocytes with high bacterial loads were present in the brain tissue. In conclusion, our adapted zebrafish-M. marinum infection model for studying granuloma formation in the brain will allow for the detailed analysis of both bacterial and host factors involved in TBM. It will help solve longstanding questions on the role of Rich foci and potentially contribute to the development of better diagnostic tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M van Leeuwen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Marceline van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid M van der Sar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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183
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Wolman MA, de Groh ED, McBride SM, Jongens TA, Granato M, Epstein JA. Modulation of cAMP and ras signaling pathways improves distinct behavioral deficits in a zebrafish model of neurofibromatosis type 1. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1265-70. [PMID: 25176649 PMCID: PMC5850931 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal-dominant disorder associated with attention deficits and learning disabilities. The primary known function of neurofibromin, encoded by the NF1 gene, is to downregulate Ras activity. We show that nf1-deficient zebrafish exhibit learning and memory deficits and that acute pharmacological inhibition of downstream targets of Ras (MAPK and PI3K) restores memory consolidation and recall but not learning. Conversely, acute pharmacological enhancement of cAMP signaling restores learning but not memory. Our data provide compelling evidence that neurofibromin regulates learning and memory by distinct molecular pathways in vertebrates and that deficits produced by genetic loss of function are reversible. These findings support the investigation of cAMP signaling enhancers as a companion therapy to Ras inhibition in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Wolman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric D de Groh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sean M McBride
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas A Jongens
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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184
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Long SM, Liang FY, Wu Q, Lu XL, Yao XL, Li SC, Li J, Su H, Pang JY, Pei Z. Identification of marine neuroactive molecules in behaviour-based screens in the larval zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3307-22. [PMID: 24886868 PMCID: PMC4071578 DOI: 10.3390/md12063307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput behavior-based screen in zebrafish is a powerful approach for the discovery of novel neuroactive small molecules for treatment of nervous system diseases such as epilepsy. To identify neuroactive small molecules, we first screened 36 compounds (1–36) derived from marine natural products xyloketals and marine isoprenyl phenyl ether obtained from the mangrove fungus. Compound 1 demonstrated the most potent inhibition on the locomotor activity in larval zebrafish. Compounds 37–42 were further synthesized and their potential anti-epilepsy action was then examined in a PTZ-induced epilepsy model in zebrafish. Compound 1 and compounds 39, 40 and 41 could significantly attenuate PTZ-induced locomotor hyperactivity and elevation of c-fos mRNA in larval zebrafish. Compound 40 showed the most potent inhibitory action against PTZ-induced hyperactivity. The structure-activity analysis showed that the OH group at 12-position played a critical role and the substituents at the 13-position were well tolerated in the inhibitory activity of xyloketal derivatives. Thus, these derivatives may provide some novel drug candidates for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Feng-Yin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xi-Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shi-Chang Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Ji-Yan Pang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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