151
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Bruna F, Scodeller P. Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Possible Macrophage-Aimed Therapeutic Interventions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675664. [PMID: 34041037 PMCID: PMC8141624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), as in other solid tumors, stromal cells strongly support the spread and growth of the tumor. Macrophages in tumors (tumor-associated macrophages or “TAMs”), can swing between a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic (M1-like TAMs) state or an anti‐inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic (M2-like TAMs) profile depending on the tumor microenvironment cues. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Here, our aim was to review the role of M2-like TAMs in the prognosis of patients with OSCC and provide a state of the art on strategies for depleting or reprogramming M2-like TAMs as a possible therapeutic solution for OSCC. The Clinical studies reviewed showed that higher density of CD163+ M2-like TAMs associated with worse survival and that CD206+ M2-TAMs are involved in OSCC progression through epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion, underlining the important role of CD206 as a marker of OSCC progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide the reader with the current tools, in preclinical and clinical stage, for depleting M2-like TAMs, re-educating them towards M1-like TAMs, and exploiting TAMs as drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bruna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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152
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Bjørnsen T, Wernbom M, Paulsen G, Markworth JF, Berntsen S, D'Souza RF, Cameron-Smith D, Raastad T. High-frequency blood flow-restricted resistance exercise results in acute and prolonged cellular stress more pronounced in type I than in type II fibers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:643-660. [PMID: 33955259 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocellular stress with high-frequency blood flow-restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) was investigated by measures of heat shock protein (HSP) responses, glycogen content, and inflammatory markers. Thirteen participants [age: 24 ± 2 yr (means ± SD), 9 males] completed two 5-day blocks of seven BFRRE sessions, separated by 10 days. Four sets of unilateral knee extensions to failure at 20% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) were performed. Muscle samples obtained before, 1 h after the first session in the first and second block (acute 1 and acute 2), after three sessions (day 4), during the "rest week," and at 3 (post 3) and 10 days postintervention (post 10) were analyzed for HSP70, αB-crystallin, glycogen [periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining], mRNAs, miRNAs, and CD68+ (macrophages) and CD66b+ (neutrophils) cell numbers. αB-crystallin translocated from the cytosolic to the cytoskeletal fraction after acute 1 and acute 2 (P < 0.05) and immunostaining revealed larger responses in type I than in type II fibers (acute 1, 225 ± 184% vs. 92 ± 81%, respectively, P = 0.001). HSP70 was increased in the cytoskeletal fraction at day 4 and post 3, and immunostaining intensities were more elevated in type I than in type II fibers at day 4 (206 ± 84% vs. 72 ± 112%, respectively, P <0.001), during the rest week (98 ± 66% vs. 42 ± 79%, P < 0.001), and at post 3 (115 ± 82% vs. 28 ± 78%, P = 0.003). Glycogen content was reduced in both fiber types, but most pronounced in type I, which did not recover until the rest week (-15% to 29%, P ≤ 0.001). Intramuscular macrophage numbers were increased by ∼65% postintervention, but no changes were observed in muscle neutrophils. We conclude that high-frequency BFRRE with sets performed till failure stresses both fiber types, with type I fibers being most affected.NEW & NOTEWORTHY BFRRE has been reported to preferentially stress type I muscle fibers, as evidenced by HSP responses. We extend these findings by showing that the HSP responses occur in both fiber types but more so in type I fibers and that they can still be induced after a short-term training period. Furthermore, the reductions in glycogen content of type I fibers after strenuous frequent BFRRE in unaccustomed subjects can be prolonged (≥5 days), probably due to microdamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bjørnsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.,Norwegian Olympic Federation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Wernbom
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Federation, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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153
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Granai M, Lazzi S, Mancini V, Akarca A, Santi R, Vergoni F, Sorrentino E, Guazzo R, Mundo L, Cevenini G, Tripodo C, Di Stefano G, Puccini B, Ponzoni M, Sabattini E, Agostinelli C, Bassüllü N, Tecimer T, Demiroz AS, Mnango L, Dirnhofer S, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Marafioti T, Fend F, Leoncini L. Burkitt lymphoma with a granulomatous reaction: an M1/Th1-polarised microenvironment is associated with controlled growth and spontaneous regression. Histopathology 2021; 80:430-442. [PMID: 33948980 PMCID: PMC9291779 DOI: 10.1111/his.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that, in some instances, may show a granulomatous reaction associated with a favourable prognosis and occasional spontaneous regression. In the present study, we aimed to define the tumour microenvironment (TME) in four such cases, two of which regressed spontaneously. Methods and results All cases showed aggregates of tumour cells with the typical morphology, molecular cytogenetics and immunophenotype of BL surrounded by a florid epithelioid granulomatous reaction. All four cases were Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive with type I latency. Investigation of the TME showed similar features in all four cases. The analysis revealed a proinflammatory response triggered by Th1 lymphocytes and M1 polarised macrophages encircling the neoplastic cells with a peculiar topographic distribution. Conclusions Our data provide an in‐vivo picture of the role that specific immune cell subsets might play during the early phase of BL, which may be capable of maintaining the tumour in a self‐limited state or inducing its regression. These novel results may provide insights into new potential therapeutic avenues in EBV‐positive BL patients in the era of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Granai
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Mancini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ayse Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Vergoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ester Sorrentino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Guazzo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gabriele Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gioia Di Stefano
- Department of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Department of Pathology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haemolymphopathology Unit - IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Haemolymphopathology Unit - IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nuray Bassüllü
- Department of Pathology, Bilim University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay Tecimer
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Senem Demiroz
- Department of Pathology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Leah Mnango
- Department of Pathology, Muhimbili National Hospital and University for Healthcare and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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154
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Lin Y, Villacanas MG, Zou H, Liu H, Carcedo IG, Wu Y, Sun B, Wu X, Prasadam I, Monteiro MJ, Li L, Xu ZP, Gu W. Calcium-bisphosphonate Nanoparticle Platform as a Prolonged Nanodrug and Bone-Targeted Delivery System for Bone Diseases and Cancers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2490-2501. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Lin
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maria G. Villacanas
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Pathology/Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ines G. Carcedo
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yilun Wu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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155
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Nakajima S, Mimura K, Saito K, Thar Min AK, Endo E, Yamada L, Kase K, Yamauchi N, Matsumoto T, Nakano H, Kanke Y, Okayama H, Saito M, Neupane P, Saze Z, Watanabe Y, Hanayama H, Hayase S, Kaneta A, Momma T, Ohki S, Ohira H, Kono K. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Induces IL34 Signaling and Promotes Chemoresistance via Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1085-1095. [PMID: 33674443 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in solid tumors including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the TME profile of ESCC treated with NAC is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of NAC on the TME especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), the important immunosuppressive components of the TME, in ESCC. We quantified the expression of CD163, a crucial marker of TAM, in pretherapeutic biopsy and surgically resected ESCC specimens from patients who received NAC (n = 33) or did not receive NAC (n = 12). We found that NAC dramatically increased the expression of CD163 on TAMs in ESCC. Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and IL34 are crucial cytokines that recruit monocytes into tumor sites and differentiate them into TAMs. Interestingly, NAC significantly upregulated the expression of IL34 but not CSF-1 on tumor cells, and the frequencies of CD163+ TAMs were significantly correlated with IL34 expression in ESCC after NAC. The expression of IL34 in NAC-nonresponsive patients was significantly higher than that in NAC-responsive patients, and patients with IL34-high ESCC exhibited worse prognosis as compared with patients with IL34-low ESCC. We also demonstrated that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin preferentially increased mRNA expression of IL34 on human ESCC cell lines. Human peripheral blood monocytes co-cultured with ESCC cells treated with 5-FU/cisplatin increased the expression of CD163, which was attenuated by the treatment with CSF-1R inhibitors. These data suggest that IL34 expression by NAC shifts the TME toward CD163+ TAM-rich immunosuppressive and chemo-insensitive microenvironment in ESCC. IMPLICATIONS: The blockade of IL34 signaling may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in ESCC by inhibiting M2-TAM polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Medical Electrophysiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosaku Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Aung Kyi Thar Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eisei Endo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Leo Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koji Kase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamauchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsumoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kanke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Prajwal Neupane
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Saze
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Suguru Hayase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akinao Kaneta
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Momma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
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156
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Prognostic significance and targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancer: new insights and future perspectives. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:539-555. [PMID: 33661479 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic sentinel cells of the immune system that are central to both innate and adaptive immune responses and serve as the first line of defense against pathogenic insults to tissues. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-derived factors induce monocyte polarization towards a pro-tumor phenotype. The pro-tumor macrophages regulate key steps in tumorigenicity including tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis. Macrophage infiltration in solid tumors correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in most cancers. Here in this review, we will shed light on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in regulating tumorigenicity and TAMs as a prognostic biomarker. Also, we will review the recent advances in targeting TAMs to increase the prognosis of cancer patients.
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157
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de Castro LF, de Araújo Mathias K, Nunes JV, Galastri ALB, da Silva DHL, Longhi LNA, de Souza Lima Blotta MH, Mamoni RL. Ethanol modulates the effector functions of human monocyte-derived macrophages in response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells. Med Mycol 2021; 59:773-783. [PMID: 33550419 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol and its metabolites (β-hydroxybutyrate and sodium acetate) in the effector functions of macrophages in response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells and to determine their influence in the development of the adaptive response. Purified peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and were treated with ethanol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and sodium acetate, and stimulated with P. brasiliensis yeast cells and evaluated for their phenotypic characteristics, functional activity, and capability to induce T cells activation/differentiation. We found that the ethanol treatment diminished the expression of HLA-AB, HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86, modulating the expression of dectin-1, as well as Syk phosphorylation. The ethanol treatment increased the phagocytic activity, expression of CD206, and IL-10 production; however, reduced ROS production, fungicidal activity, caspase-1 cleavage, and IL-1β and IL-6 production. Our data also showed that the presence of ethanol reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the frequency of Th2 cells. Our results indicated that ethanol exposure could suppress effector function of macrophages, possibly leading to the polarization of M2 macrophages. The ethanol modulates the expression of costimulatory and antigen-presentation molecules and interferes with the NLRP3 inflammasome. Altogether, these alterations affect the development of the adaptive response, decreasing the frequency of IL-17, IL-22, and IFN- γ producing cells, and increasing the frequency of IL-4 producing cells. Therefore, exposure to ethanol can impair the capability of macrophages to exert their effector functions and activate the acquired response related to resistance to P. brasiliensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Furquim de Castro
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kamila de Araújo Mathias
- Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), 13202-550, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Vieira Nunes
- Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), 13202-550, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dennis Henrique Leandro da Silva
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Nara Alegrini Longhi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ronei Luciano Mamoni
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), 13202-550, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil
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158
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Rovati L, Kaneko N, Pedica F, Monno A, Maehara T, Perugino C, Lanzillotta M, Pecetta S, Stone JH, Doglioni C, Manfredi AA, Pillai S, Della-Torre E. Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) as a possible link between resolution of inflammation and tissue fibrosis in IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4929-4941. [PMID: 33512463 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disorder characterized by a dysregulated resolution of inflammation and wound healing response that might develop after an apoptotic insult induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) and its ligand Protein S (ProS1) have a pivotal role in the resolution of inflammation, being implicated in the clearance of apoptotic cells, quenching of the immune response and development of tissue fibrosis. In the present work we aimed to investigate a possible involvement of the MerTK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and development of tissue fibrosis. METHODS MerTK and ProS1 expression patterns in IgG4-RD lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies. Circulating MerTK+ monocytes, soluble Mer and MerTK ligands were measured in the peripheral blood of IgG4-RD patients and healthy controls by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS MerTK was highly expressed by macrophages infiltrating IgG4-RD lesions. MerTK+ macrophages were more abundant in IgG4-RD than in Sjögren syndrome and interacted with apoptotic cells and ProS1 expressing T and B lymphocytes. Moreover, they expressed the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β and their numbers declined following rituximab induced disease remission. Circulating MerTK+ monocytes, soluble Mer and MerTK ligands were not increased in the peripheral blood of patients with IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS The MerTK-ProS1 axis is activated in IgG4-RD lesions, possibly leading to persistent stimulation of processes involved in the resolution of inflammation and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Rovati
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Federica Pedica
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Takashi Maehara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Cory Perugino
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Lanzillotta
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Pecetta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H Stone
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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159
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Li C, Xu X, Wei S, Jiang P, Xue L, Wang J. Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001341. [PMID: 33504575 PMCID: PMC8728363 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important phagocytes in vivo. However, the tumor microenvironment can affect the function and polarization of macrophages and form tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Usually, the abundance of TAMs in tumors is closely associated with poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have identified important pathways regulating the infiltration and polarization of TAMs during tumor progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs in tumors have been studied, including inhibition of macrophage recruitment to tumors, functional repolarization of TAMs toward an antitumor phenotype, and other therapeutic strategies that elicit macrophage-mediated extracellular phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of cancer cells. Therefore, with the increasing impact of tumor immunotherapy, new antitumor strategies to target TAMs are now being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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160
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Characterization of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in the Osteosarcoma Tumor Microenvironment at Diagnosis: New Perspective for Osteosarcoma Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030423. [PMID: 33498676 PMCID: PMC7866157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to the great genetic instability of osteosarcoma (OS), a recurrent molecular therapeutic target has not been identified to date. Therefore, characterization of the OS tumor microenvironment (TME) might offer new therapeutic perspectives. The OS2006 trial, originally designed to evaluate the impact of zoledronic acid (ZA, osteoclast-inhibitor) addition to conventional OS-therapies, was ended preliminary due to a negative impact on patient survival. Through retrospective biomarker analysis of the unique biological samples collected during the trial, we demonstrate here that ZA not only acts on harmful osteoclasts but also on protective macrophages, clarifying its detrimental effect. By multiplex immunohistochemistry, applied on additional OS biopsies, an important bipotent macrophage-population (CD168+/CD163+), homogenously distributed throughout OS tumor areas, was identified. These bipotent cells might play a determining role in the evolution of OS and offer a novel therapeutic approach. A clear definition of the macrophage populations present at diagnosis could re-enforce therapeutic decisions. Abstract Biological and histopathological techniques identified osteoclasts and macrophages as targets of zoledronic acid (ZA), a therapeutic agent that was detrimental for patients in the French OS2006 trial. Conventional and multiplex immunohistochemistry of microenvironmental and OS cells were performed on biopsies of 124 OS2006 patients and 17 surgical (“OSNew”) biopsies respectively. CSF-1R (common osteoclast/macrophage progenitor) and TRAP (osteoclast activity) levels in serum of 108 patients were correlated to response to chemotherapy and to prognosis. TRAP levels at surgery and at the end of the protocol were significantly lower in ZA+ than ZA− patients (padj = 0.0011; 0.0132). For ZA+-patients, an increase in the CSF-1R level between diagnosis and surgery and a high TRAP level in the serum at biopsy were associated with a better response to chemotherapy (p = 0.0091; p = 0.0251). At diagnosis, high CD163+ was associated with good prognosis, while low TRAP activity was associated with better overall survival in ZA− patients only. Multiplex immunohistochemistry demonstrated remarkable bipotent CD68+/CD163+ macrophages, homogeneously distributed throughout OS regions, aside osteoclasts (CD68+/CD163−) mostly residing in osteolytic territories and osteoid-matrix-associated CD68−/CD163+ macrophages. We demonstrate that ZA not only acts on harmful osteoclasts but also on protective macrophages, and hypothesize that the bipotent CD68+/CD163+ macrophages might present novel therapeutic targets.
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161
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Potential role of M2 TAMs around lymphatic vessels during lymphatic invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1150. [PMID: 33441903 PMCID: PMC7806843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether lymphatic invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) occurs when tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) injure lymphatic vessels together with cancer cells. While there was no difference in the lymphatic vessel density in PTC and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), the number of TAMs around the lymphatic vessels was increased in PTC compared to that in FTC. In particular, TAMs were observed together with cancer cells in lymphatic invasive lesions, and the number of M2 cells inside and outside the lymphatic vessels showed a significant correlation. MMP-2 mRNA was expressed in nonneoplastic stromal cells as well as cancer cells, and double immunofluorescence staining confirmed M2 positivity. Consequently, this study reveals that M2 TAMs around lymphatic vessels within the tumour border of PTC may be associated with the lymphatic invasion of cancer cells. This study represents a step forward in elucidating the mechanism of lymphatic invasion.
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162
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Wang B, Huang Y. Antitumor effects of targeted killing of tumor-associated macrophages under photothermal conditions. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:299-307. [PMID: 33439377 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of tumors has become a research hotspot. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant interstitial cells in a tumor's microenvironment. As the concentration of the prepared nanoparticles increased, so their cytotoxicity of intensified. Under photothermal conditions, mAb-CD163/Au inhibited tumor invasion by killing M2 macrophages in vitro. After exposure to near-infrared (NIR) laser, mAb-CD163/Au inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The gold nanoparticles were modified to target M2 macrophages. Under NIR laser irradiation, mAb-CD163/Au achieved antitumor effects by killing M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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COMPLEX HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MONOCYTOPOIESIS IN RATS WITH DETERMINATION OF PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY BY EXPRESSION KI67 AND CD68+ IN THE EXPERIMENT. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2021-4-78-229-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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164
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Jiang N, Zhang L, Zhao G, Lin J, Wang Q, Xu Q, Li C, Hu L, Peng X, Yu F, Xu M. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Regulates Macrophage Recruitment, Polarization and Phagocytosis in Aspergillus Fumigatus Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:28. [PMID: 32692841 PMCID: PMC7425693 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the influence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) on macrophage recruitment, polarization and phagocytosis in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Methods A murine model of A. fumigatus keratitis and peritoneal macrophages incubated with the hyphae of A. fumigatus were used. Macrophage recruitment in corneas was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. The polarization of macrophages, which was stimulated by A. fumigatus and pretreatment with or without 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), interferon gamma (IFNG), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) antagonist, and p38 antagonist, was determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. P38 and ERK levels were determined using Western blotting. Macrophage phagocytosis was examined using colony-forming units. Results Compared with the A.F. group, recruitment of macrophages increased, tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression decreased, whereas arginase-1 (Arg-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression increased in the mouse corneas of the 1-MT+A.F. group. The ratio of CD206+/CD86+ macrophages in the corneas and spleens of 1-MT+A.F. group increased. Furthermore, in peritoneal macrophages stimulated by A. fumigatus, 1-MT promoted Arg-1 and IL-10 expression while upregulating the ratio of CD206+/CD86+ macrophages. Conversely, IDO agonist IFNG promoted TNF-α and iNOS expression, inhibited Arg-1 and IL-10 expression and downregulated the ratio of CD206+/CD86+ macrophages. The role of IFNG was reversed by the antagonist of P38 or ERK. P38 and ERK levels were downregulated in corneas of 1-MT+A.F. group. Besides, IFNG inhibited macrophage phagocytosis. Conclusions IDO inhibited macrophage recruitment and phagocytosis in A. fumigatus keratitis. Mechanistically, IDO is involved in M1 macrophage polarization in A. fumigatus keratitis through a MAPK/ERK-dependent pathway.
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165
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Reekie IR, Sharma S, Foers A, Sherlock J, Coles MC, Dick AD, Denniston AK, Buckley CD. The Cellular Composition of the Uveal Immune Environment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721953. [PMID: 34778287 PMCID: PMC8586083 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The uveal tract consists of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid; these three distinct tissues form a continuous layer within the eye. Uveitis refers to inflammation of any region of the uveal tract. Despite being grouped together anatomically, the iris, ciliary body and choroid are distinct functionally, and inflammatory diseases may affect only one part and not the others. Cellular structure of tissues direct their function, and understanding the cellular basis of the immune environment of a tissue in health, the "steady state" on which the perturbations of disease are superimposed, is vital to understanding the pathogenesis of those diseases. A contemporary understanding of the immune system accepts that haematopoietic and yolk sac derived leukocytes, though vital, are not the only players of importance. An array of stromal cells, connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, may also have a role in the inflammatory reaction seen in several immune-mediated diseases. In this review we summarise what is known about the cellular composition of the uveal tract and the roles these disparate cell types have to play in immune homeostasis. We also discuss some unanswered questions surrounding the constituents of the resident leukocyte population of the different uveal tissues, and we look ahead to the new understanding that modern investigative techniques such as single cell transcriptomics, multi-omic data integration and highly-multiplexed imaging techniques may bring to the study of the uvea and uveitis, as they already have to other immune mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Reekie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Srilakshmi Sharma
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Foers
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Coles
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair K. Denniston
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Buckley
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christopher D. Buckley
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166
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Mehta AK, Cheney EM, Hartl CA, Pantelidou C, Oliwa M, Castrillon JA, Lin JR, Hurst KE, de Oliveira Taveira M, Johnson NT, Oldham WM, Kalocsay M, Berberich MJ, Boswell SA, Kothari A, Johnson S, Dillon DA, Lipschitz M, Rodig S, Santagata S, Garber JE, Tung N, Yélamos J, Thaxton JE, Mittendorf EA, Sorger PK, Shapiro GI, Guerriero JL. Targeting immunosuppressive macrophages overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA1-associated triple-negative breast cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:66-82. [PMID: 33738458 PMCID: PMC7963404 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite objective responses to PARP inhibition and improvements in progression-free survival compared to standard chemotherapy in patients with BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), benefits are transitory. Using high dimensional single-cell profiling of human TNBC, here we demonstrate that macrophages are the predominant infiltrating immune cell type in BRCA-associated TNBC. Through multi-omics profiling we show that PARP inhibitors enhance both anti- and pro-tumor features of macrophages through glucose and lipid metabolic reprogramming driven by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) pathway. Combined PARP inhibitor therapy with CSF-1R blocking antibodies significantly enhanced innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity and extends survival in BRCA-deficient tumors in vivo and is mediated by CD8+ T-cells. Collectively, our results uncover macrophage-mediated immune suppression as a liability of PARP inhibitor treatment and demonstrate combined PARP inhibition and macrophage targeting therapy induces a durable reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, thus constituting a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Mehta
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Cheney
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina A Hartl
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constantia Pantelidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madisson Oliwa
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Castrillon
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie E Hurst
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mateus de Oliveira Taveira
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Imaging, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathan T Johnson
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Berberich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Boswell
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Kothari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikel Lipschitz
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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167
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Väyrynen JP, Haruki K, Lau MC, Väyrynen SA, Zhong R, Dias Costa A, Borowsky J, Zhao M, Fujiyoshi K, Arima K, Twombly TS, Kishikawa J, Gu S, Aminmozaffari S, Shi S, Baba Y, Akimoto N, Ugai T, Da Silva A, Guerriero JL, Song M, Wu K, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Giannakis M, Ogino S, Nowak JA. The Prognostic Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:8-19. [PMID: 33023967 PMCID: PMC7785652 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most common cells in the colorectal cancer microenvironment, but their prognostic significance is incompletely understood. Using multiplexed immunofluorescence for CD68, CD86, IRF5, MAF, MRC1 (CD206), and KRT (cytokeratins) combined with digital image analysis and machine learning, we assessed the polarization spectrum of tumor-associated macrophages in 931 colorectal carcinomas. We then applied Cox proportional hazards regression to assess prognostic survival associations of intraepithelial and stromal densities of M1-like and M2-like macrophages while controlling for potential confounders, including stage and microsatellite instability status. We found that high tumor stromal density of M2-like macrophages was associated with worse cancer-specific survival, whereas tumor stromal density of M1-like macrophages was not significantly associated with better cancer-specific survival. High M1:M2 density ratio in tumor stroma was associated with better cancer-specific survival. Overall macrophage densities in tumor intraepithelial or stromal regions were not prognostic. These findings suggested that macrophage polarization state, rather than their overall density, was associated with cancer-specific survival, with M1- and M2-like macrophage phenotypes exhibiting distinct prognostic roles. These results highlight the utility of a multimarker strategy to assess the macrophage polarization at single-cell resolution within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha P Väyrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara A Väyrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Zhong
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa Zhao
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simeng Gu
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Saina Aminmozaffari
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annacarolina Da Silva
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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168
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Sager REH, Walker AK, Middleton F, Robinson K, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Trajectory of change in brain complement factors from neonatal to young adult humans. J Neurochem 2020; 157:479-493. [PMID: 33190236 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune system components also regulate synapse formation and refinement in neurodevelopment. The complement pathway, associated with cell lysis and phagocytosis, is implicated in synaptic elimination. Aberrant adolescent synaptic pruning may underpin schizophrenia onset; thus, changes in cortical complement activity during human development are of major interest. Complement is genetically linked to schizophrenia via increased C4 copy number variants, but the developmental trajectory of complement expression in the human brain is undetermined. As complement increases during periods of active synaptic engulfment in rodents, we hypothesized that complement expression would increase during postnatal development in humans, particularly during adolescence. Using human postmortem prefrontal cortex, we observed that complement activator (C1QB and C3) transcripts peaked in early neurodevelopment, and were highest in toddlers, declining in teenagers (all ANCOVAs between F = 2.41 -3.325, p = .01-0.05). We found that C4 protein was higher at 1-5 years (H = 16.378, p = .012), whereas C3 protein levels were unchanged with age. The microglial complement receptor subunit CD11b increased in mRNA early in life and peaked in the toddler brain (ANCOVA: pH, F = 4.186, p = .003). Complement inhibitors (CD46 and CD55) increased at school age, but failed to decrease like complement activators (both ANCOVAs, F > 4.4, p < .01). These data suggest the activation of complement in the human prefrontal cortex occurs between 1 and 5 years. We did not find evidence of induction of complement factors during adolescence and instead found increased or sustained levels of complement inhibitor mRNA at maturation. Dysregulation of these typical patterns of complement may predispose the brain to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism or schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E H Sager
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of Immunopsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Frank Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kate Robinson
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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169
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Overkamp M, Granai M, Bonzheim I, Steinhilber J, Schittenhelm J, Bethge W, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fend F, Federmann B. Comparative analysis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals differences in the tumor microenvironment. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:1135-1148. [PMID: 33324999 PMCID: PMC8203555 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) occur after solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and are frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Because of the complex immune setup in PTLD patients, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is of particular interest to understand PTLD pathogenesis and elucidate predictive factors and possible treatment options. We present a comparative study of clinicopathological features of 48 PTLD after HCT (n = 26) or SOT (n = 22), including non-destructive (n = 6), polymorphic (n = 23), and monomorphic (n = 18) PTLD and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). EBV was positive in 35 cases (73%). A detailed examination of the TME with image analysis-based quantification in 22 cases revealed an inflammatory TME despite underlying immunosuppression and significant differences in its density and composition depending on type of transplant, PTLD subtypes, and EBV status. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressing CD163 (p = 0.0022) and Mannose (p = 0.0016) were enriched in PTLD after HCT. Double stains also showed differences in macrophage polarization, with more frequent M1 polarization after HCT (p = 0.0321). Higher counts for TAMs (CD163 (p = 0.0008) and cMaf (p = 0.0035)) as well as in the T cell compartment (Granzyme B (p = 0.0028), CD8 (p = 0.01), and for PD-L1 (p = 0.0305)) were observed depending on EBV status. In conclusion, despite the presence of immunosuppression, PTLD predominantly contains an inflammatory TME characterized by mostly M1-polarized macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. Status post HCT, EBV positivity, and polymorphic subtype are associated with an actively inflamed TME, indicating a specific response of the immune system. Further studies need to elucidate prognostic significance and potential therapeutic implications of the TME in PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Overkamp
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Massimo Granai
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bethge
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Federmann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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170
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Strack E, Rolfe PA, Fink AF, Bankov K, Schmid T, Solbach C, Savai R, Sha W, Pradel L, Hartmann S, Brüne B, Weigert A. Identification of tumor-associated macrophage subsets that are associated with breast cancer prognosis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e239. [PMID: 33377644 PMCID: PMC7719284 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, demanding new treatment options. With the advent of immune checkpoint blockade, immunotherapy emerged as a treatment option. In addition to lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages exert a significant, albeit controversial, impact on tumor development. Pro-inflammatory macrophages are thought to hinder, whereas anti-inflammatory macrophages promote tumor growth. However, molecular markers to identify prognostic macrophage populations remain elusive. METHODS We isolated two macrophage subsets, from 48 primary human breast tumors, distinguished by the expression of CD206. Their transcriptomes were analyzed via RNA-Seq, and potential prognostic macrophage markers were validated by PhenOptics in tissue microarrays of patients with invasive breast cancer. RESULTS Normal human breast tissue contained mainly CD206+ macrophages, while increased relative amounts of CD206- macrophages were observed in tumors. The presence of CD206+ macrophages correlated with a pronounced lymphocyte infiltrate and subsets of CD206+ macrophages, expressing SERPINH1 and collagen 1, or MORC4, were unexpectedly associated with improved survival of breast cancer patients. In contrast, MHCIIhi CD206- macrophages were linked with a poor survival prognosis. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and suggest the use of multiple phenotypic markers to predict the impact of macrophage subpopulations on cancer prognosis. We identified novel macrophage markers that correlate with the survival of patients with invasive mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Strack
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Annika F. Fink
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of GynecologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Institute of Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | | | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Partner Site FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Biochemistry IGoethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
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171
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Rui-Zhi T, Hui D, Jian-Chun L, Xia Z, Xiao-Jia W, Dan W, Jun-Ming F, Li W. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax Notoginseng Formula (A&P) Combined With Bifidobacterium Contribute a Renoprotective Effect in Chronic Kidney Disease Through Inhibiting Macrophage Inflammatory Response in Kidney and Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583668. [PMID: 33329031 PMCID: PMC7729014 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can cause intestinal dysfunction, which in turn aggravates the progression of kidney disease. Studies have shown that the immune response of macrophage plays an important role in promoting inflammation in kidney and intestine of CKD. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng formula (A&P) is a widely used traditional medicine for the treatment of CKD in China, however, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination treatment in regulation of inflammatory response of macrophage in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse, as well as the potential molecular mechanism. We established a CKD mouse model with 5/6 nephrectomy and a macrophage inflammatory cellular model with LPS and urotoxin in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium significantly reduced the expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1 in kidney and blood, as well as in inflammatory macrophage. Interestingly, A&P combined with Bifidobacterium strongly improved the intestinal flora and protected the intestinal barrier. Notably, the maintainer of macrophage polarization, Mincle, was activated in kidney and intestine of CKD mouse as well as in urotoxin stimulated macrophage, that was effectively inhibited by the treatment of A&P and Bifidobacterium combination. Overexpression of Mincle by genetic modification can abolish the inhibitory effects of A&P combined with Bifidobacterium on inflammation in urotoxin stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In summary, these findings demonstrated that A&P combined with Bifidobacterium can protect kidney against CKD by down-regulating macrophage inflammatory response in kidney and intestine via suppressing Mincle signaling, which provides a new insight in the treatment of CKD with traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Diao Hui
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jian-Chun
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhong Xia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Xiao-Jia
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Dan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Jun-Ming
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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172
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Li GS, Cui L, Wang GD. miR-155-5p regulates macrophage M1 polarization and apoptosis in the synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:68. [PMID: 33365068 PMCID: PMC7716652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases that affects millions of individuals worldwide. During OA, proinflammatory factors (including IL-1, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α) are released from chondrocytes and proliferating synoviocytes potentiate the proinflammatory microenvironment of the synovial fluid (SF). The altered SF microenvironment affects the infiltration, polarization and apoptosis of macrophages, though the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, the hypothesis that the knee synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA SF) promotes the polarization of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived M1 macrophages and inhibits PBMC-derived macrophage apoptosis was investigated. KOA SF increased PBMC-derived macrophage M1 polarization via the microRNA (miR)-155-5p/suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 signaling pathway. Caspase-3 (CASP3) was identified as a novel target of miR-155-5p, where KOA SF inhibited macrophage apoptosis via the miR-155-5p/CASP3 signaling pathway. The results suggested that the proinflammatory environment of KOA SF promoted macrophage M1 polarization and reduced macrophage apoptosis via miR-155-5p. The results provided a potential explanation for the increased number of M1 macrophages observed in KOA SF during OA. In addition, the present study suggested that miR-155-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Shi Li
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Opthalmology Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Da Wang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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173
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Hwang J, Zheng M, Wiraja C, Cui M, Yang L, Xu C. Reprogramming of macrophages with macrophage cell membrane-derived nanoghosts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5254-5262. [PMID: 36132036 PMCID: PMC9419214 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00572j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages can be polarized to M1 or M2 type with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. Nanoparticles have recently been found to be a promising platform to polarize macrophages to desired phenotypes. This article explores the usage of cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (nanoghosts) for reprogramming macrophages. The efficacy and efficiency of this technology are examined via cytokine analysis and immunostaining of the nanoghost-treated cells. We find that several cytokines/chemokines are highly expressed on nanoghosts. In addition, a 2D wound healing model is deployed to reveal their potential application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsun Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Mingyue Cui
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637457
- National Dental Centre of Singapore 5 Second Hospital Ave 168938 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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174
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Breast ductal Carcinoma in situ associated with microinvasion induces immunological response and predicts ipsilateral invasive recurrence. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:679-686. [PMID: 33140128 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although microinvasion (Mi) is often thought to be an interim stage between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and established invasive ductal carcinoma, survival outcomes and biological behaviour of DCIS-Mi are still poorly understood. This study investigated the potential influence of Mi on disease-free survival (DFS) and assessed its correlations with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, molecular, and immune markers. CD4, CD8, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD68, CD163, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) expression in pure DCIS and DCIS-Mi, from a cohort of 198 patients, were determined by immunohistochemistry. DFS, clinicopathological parameters, immune markers, and biomarker expression were correlated with presence of Mi. Twelve out of 198 DCIS cases were associated with Mi. DCIS-Mi was significantly linked with ipsilateral invasive recurrence (p = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that DCIS-Mi had worse DFS for ipsilateral invasive recurrence (p = 0.011) and this was affirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis (95% CI 1.181-9.010, HR = 3.262, p = 0.023). DCIS-Mi was associated with higher densities of immune infiltrates positive for CD4 (p = 0.037), FOXP3 (p = 0.037), CD163 (p = 0.01), and PD-L1 (p = 0.015). This study demonstrated that DCIS-Mi was correlated with high densities of immune infiltrates and predicted ipsilateral invasive recurrence.
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175
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de Arruda JAA, Arantes DAC, Schuch LF, Abreu LG, de Andrade BAB, Romañach MJ, Mesquita RA, Watanabe S, de Oliveira JC, Mendonça EF. Inflammatory Variant of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Buccal Mucosa: An Overview and Case Report with a 10-Year Follow-Up. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 15:1031-1040. [PMID: 33091145 PMCID: PMC8384926 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcomas of the oral cavity are rare. Those originating in the buccal mucosa cause challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues since less than 40 cases of liposarcomas of the buccal mucosa and cheek have been reported in the worldwide literature. Herein, we present a case of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma affecting a 45-year-old female patient. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a well-defined mass located in the right buccal mucosa, extending to the submucosal layers of the cheek. Histopathologically, a well-differentiated fatty neoplasm with presence of prominent stromal inflammatory cells was observed. Multifocally scattered bizarre hyperchromatic stromal cells, some of which multinucleated, were also observed. An immunohistochemical panel comprising vimentin, S-100, CD10, CD34, CD20, CD3, CD68, CD138, MDM2, Ki-67, and P53 was employed to better characterize the lesion. A local recurrence event occurred during a 10-year follow-up period. Surgical resection was performed during both episodes. We also provided an overview of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features, imaging findings, and the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma of the oral cavity. Knowledge of the etiopathological and clinical aspects of this rare neoplasm is fundamental in order to rule out other conditions, including lipomatous lesions that affect the buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 31.270-901 Brazil
| | - Diego Antônio Costa Arantes
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 31.270-901 Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Department of Child’s and Adolescent’s Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Mário José Romañach
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, room 3202 D. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 31.270-901 Brazil
| | - Satiro Watanabe
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Anápolis, Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | | | - Elismauro Francisco Mendonça
- grid.411195.90000 0001 2192 5801Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO Brazil
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176
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The immunosuppressive effect of the endocannabinoid system on the inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages and mesenchymal stromal cells: a comparative study. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:143-153. [PMID: 33026642 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory sequence is the first phase of wound healing. Macrophages (MPhs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) respond to an inflammatory microenvironment by adapting their functional activity, which polarizes them into the pro-inflammatory phenotypes M1 and MSC1. Prolongation of the inflammatory phase results in the formation of chronic wounds. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) possesses immunomodulatory properties that may impede this cellular phenotypic switch. METHODS We investigated the immunosuppressive influence of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on the M1 and MSC1 cytokine secretion. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used as inflammagen to stimulate MPhs and MSCs. Both inflammatory phenotypes were co-exposed to AEA or 2-AG, the specific cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist JWH-133 served as reference. The inflammatory responses were detected by CD80/163 immuno-labelling and by ELISA measures of secreted IL-6, IL-8, MIF, TNF-α, TGF-β, and VEGF. RESULTS M1 cells were found positive for CD80 expression and secreted less IL-6 and IL-8 than MSC1 cells, while both cell types produced similar amounts of MIF. TNF-α release was increased by M1, and growth factors were secreted by MSC1, only. Cannabinoid receptor ligands efficiently decreased the inflammatory response of M1, while their impact was less pronounced in MSC1. CONCLUSIONS The ECS down-regulated the inflammatory responses of MPhs and MSCs by decreasing the cytokine release upon LPS treatment, while CB2 appeared to be of particular importance. Hence, stimulating the ECS by manipulation of endo- or use of exogenous cannabinoids in vivo may constitute a potent therapeutic option against inflammatory disorders.
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177
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Ghiboub M, Zhao J, Li Yim AYF, Schilderink R, Verseijden C, van Hamersveld PHP, Duarte JM, Hakvoort TBM, Admiraal I, Harker NR, Tough DF, Henneman P, de Winther MPJ, de Jonge WJ. HDAC3 Mediates the Inflammatory Response and LPS Tolerance in Human Monocytes and Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:550769. [PMID: 33123128 PMCID: PMC7573361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.550769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that control histone deacetylation and bear potential to direct expression of large gene sets. We determined the effect of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) on human monocytes and macrophages, with respect to their polarization, activation, and their capabilities of inducing endotoxin tolerance. To address the role for HDACs in macrophage polarization, we treated monocytes with HDAC3i, HDAC6i or pan-HDACi prior to polarization into M1 or M2 macrophages using IFNγ or IL-4 respectively. To study the HDAC inhibition effect on cytokine expression, macrophages were treated with HDACi prior to LPS-stimulation. TNFα, IL-6, and p40 were measured with ELISA, whereas modifications of Histone 3 and STAT1 were assessed using western blot. To address the role for HDAC3 in repeated LPS challenge induction, HDAC3i or HDAC3 siRNA was added to monocytes prior to incubation with IFNγ, which were then repeatedly challenged with LPS and analyzed by means of protein analyses and transcriptional profiling. Pan-HDACi and HDAC3i reduced cytokine secretion in monocytes and M1 macrophages, whereas HDAC6i yielded no such effect. Notably, neither pan-HDACi nor HDAC3i reduced cytokine secretion in M2 macrophages. In contrast to previous reports in mouse macrophages, HDAC3i did not affect macrophage polarization in human cells. Likewise, HDAC3 was not required for IFNγ signaling or IFNβ secretion. Cytokine and gene expression analyses confirmed that IFNγ-treated macrophages consistently develop a cytokine response after LPS repeated challenge, but pretreatment with HDAC3i or HDAC3 siRNA reinstates a state of tolerance reflected by general suppression of tolerizable genes, possibly through decreasing TLRs expression, and particularly TLR4/CD14. The development of endotoxin tolerance in macrophages is important to reduce exacerbated immune response and limit tissue damage. We conclude that HDAC3 is an attractive protein target to mediate macrophage reactivity and tolerance induction in inflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Y F Li Yim
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom.,Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Schilderink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Verseijden
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patricia H P van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jose M Duarte
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theodorus B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Admiraal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicola R Harker
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - David F Tough
- Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Henneman
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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178
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Neuroprotective Effect of Subdural Infusion of Serp-1 in Spinal Cord Trauma. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100372. [PMID: 32977430 PMCID: PMC7598159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a severe, destructive inflammation with pro-inflammatory, CD68+/CD163−, phagocytic macrophages infiltrating the area of necrosis and hemorrhage by day 3 and persisting for the next 16 weeks. Inhibition of macrophage infiltration of the site of necrosis that is converted into a cavity of injury (COI) during the first week post-SCI, should limit inflammatory damage, shorten its duration and result in neuroprotection. By sustained subdural infusion we administered Serp-1, a Myxoma virus-derived immunomodulatory protein previously shown to improve neurologic deficits and inhibit macrophage infiltration in the COI in rats with the balloon crush SCI. Firstly, in a 7 day long study, we determined that the optimal dose for macrophage inhibition was 0.2 mg/week. Then, we demonstrated that a continuous subdural infusion of Serp-1 for 8 weeks resulted in consistently accelerated lowering of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the COI and in their almost complete elimination similar to that previously observed at 16 weeks in untreated SCI rats. The macrophage count in the COI is a quantitative test directly related to the severity of destructive inflammation initiated by the SCI. This test has consistently demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of Serp-1 interpreted as neuroprotection, the first and necessary step in a therapeutic strategy in neurotrauma.
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179
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Wang Y, Han B, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Xue J, Wang X, Niu T, Niu Z, Chen Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles carrying TGF-β1 up-regulate miR-132 and promote mouse M2 macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12750-12764. [PMID: 32965772 PMCID: PMC7686990 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on different types of diseases are controversial, and the inner mechanisms remain unknown, which retards the utilization of MSCs in disease therapy. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of MSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in M2 polarization in mouse macrophages via the microRNA-132 (miR-132)/E3 ubiquitin ligase myc binding protein 2 (Mycbp2)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) axis. Mouse MSCs were isolated for adipogenic and osteogenic induction, followed by co-culture with mouse macrophages RAW264.7. Besides, mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were co-cultured with MSCs-EVs in vitro, where the proportion of macrophages and inflammation were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. The experimental data revealed that MSCs-EVs promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, and elevated interleukin (IL)-10 expression and inhibited levels of IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6. MSC-EV-treated macrophages RAW264.7 increased TGF-β1 expression, thus elevating miR-132 expression. MiR-132 directly bound to Mycbp2, as confirmed by luciferase activity assay. Meanwhile, E3 ubiquitin ligase Mycbp2 could ubiquitinate TSC2 protein. Furthermore, silencing TGF-β1 inhibited M2 polarization of MSC-EV-treated macrophages. Taken conjointly, this study provides evidence reporting that MSC-secreted EVs carry TGF-β1 to promote M2 polarization of macrophages via modulation of the miR-132/Mycbp2/TSC2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhe Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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180
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Le Y, Cao W, Zhou L, Fan X, Liu Q, Liu F, Gai X, Chang C, Xiong J, Rao Y, Li A, Xu W, Liu B, Wang T, Wang B, Sun Y. Infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Promotes Both M1/M2 Polarization and MMP Production in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1902. [PMID: 32973788 PMCID: PMC7468417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a risk factor for COPD. Our previous study revealed more severe emphysema in COPD patients (mostly smokers) with prior tuberculosis. However, the mechanisms of interactions between cigarette smoke (CS) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are unknown. In this study, we found that the frequencies of both M1 and M2 macrophages, and levels of MMP9 and MMP12 in bronchoalveolar lavage were increased in PTB patients with smoking. Between-group analysis showed that the frequency of M1 macrophages was higher in non-smoker PTB patients while more M2 macrophages were found in smokers without PTB, as compared to the non-smoker healthy controls. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in CS extract (CSE)-incubated MH-S cells further enhanced secretion of M1-related (iNOS, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and M2-related (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular apoptosis, concomitantly with up-regulation of MMP9 and MMP12, but not TIMP1. Moreover, BCG infection in acutely CS-exposed mice promoted macrophage polarization toward both M1 and M2 phenotypes, along with increased lung inflammatory infiltration. MMP9 and MMP12, but not TIMP1, were further up-regulated in lung tissues and BAL fluid after BCG infection in this model. Taken together, Mtb Infection promoted CS-exposed macrophages to polarize toward both M1 and M2 phenotypes, along with enhanced production of MMP9 and MMP12. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic interplay between CS exposure and tuberculosis in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Le
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyan Gai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Rao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aling Li
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Beinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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181
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Myeloid FBW7 deficiency disrupts redox homeostasis and aggravates dietary-induced insulin resistance. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101688. [PMID: 32853822 PMCID: PMC7451763 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 plays critical roles in multiple pathological and physiological processes. Here, we report that after high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 16 weeks, myeloid-specific FBW7-deficient mice demonstrate increased redox stress, inflammatory responses and insulin resistance. Macrophages activation under FBW7 deficiency decreases substrate flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to produce less equivalents (NADPH and GSH) and aggravate the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages, thereby over-activating proinflammatory reaction. Mechanistically, we identify that pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 (PKM2) is a new bona fide ubiquitin substrate of SCFFBW7. While challenged with HFD stress, pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 protects FBW7-deficient macrophages against production of ROS, proinflammatory reaction and insulin resistance. Intriguingly, we further find an inverse correlation between FBW7 level and relative higher H2O2 level and the severity of obesity-related diabetes. Overall, the results suggest that FBW7 can play a crucial role in modulating inflammatory response through maintaining the intracellular redox homeostasis during HFD insults. Myeloid FBW7 deficiency aggravates HFD-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. PKM2 is a new bona fide ubiquitin substrate of SCFFBW7. FBW7 divert glycolysis to combat oxidative stress via PKM2 in macrophages. FBW7 expression inversely correlates with ROS level to govern obesity-related metabolic disorder.
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182
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2173-3311
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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183
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Diao L, Cai S, Huang C, Li L, Yu S, Wang L, Liu S, Li Y, Zeng Y. New endometrial immune cell-based score (EI-score) for the prediction of implantation success for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. Placenta 2020; 99:180-188. [PMID: 32829188 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Limited evidence revealed whether endometrial immunological factors contribute to implantation success in the first-attempted in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) patients. METHOD The retrospective study was conducted among 139 eligible couples in the derivation cohort and 29 couples in the validation cohort. The expression of endometrial immune cell markers, including CD56 for natural killer cell, CD68 for pan-macrophage, CD163 for M2 macrophage, FOXP3 for regulatory T cell, CD1a for immature dendritic cell, CD83 for mature dendritic cell, CD8 for cytotoxic T cell and CD57 for mature NK and T cells were examined. RESULTS The profiles of endometrial immune cells showed significant difference between the pregnant and implantation failure group in the derivation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of CD68+ pan-macrophage and CD163+ M2-macrophage, as well as the transfer strategy are associated with implantation outcomes (P < 0.001, P = 0.029, P = 0.004, respectively). The EI-score was constructed by a nomogram and validated by a clinical decision curve based on CD68+ pan-macrophage, CD163+ M2-macrophage, and the transfer strategy. The performance of the EI-score in the deviation cohort showed a c-index of 0.82 (95% CI 0.74-0.89), and the accuracy rate reached 79.3% in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The endometrial immunological profiles in the mid-secretory phase is associated with implantation outcome in the first IVF/ICSI patients. EI-Score could help clinicians calculate the probability of implantation success via nomogram. Optimal decision point is determined by decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve, to aid in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China; Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Songchen Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China
| | - Yuye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology of Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, PR China.
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184
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D'Ignazio A, Kabata P, Ambrosio MR, Polom K, Marano L, Spagnoli L, Ongaro A, Pieretti L, Marrelli D, Biviano I, Roviello F. Preoperative oral immunonutrition in gastrointestinal surgical patients: How the tumour microenvironment can be modified. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:153-159. [PMID: 32690150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study is focused on the impact of enteral immunonutrition on the cell-mediated immune response in the microenvironment of gastric and colorectal cancers. METHODS This is a prospective pilot study approved by the local Ethics Committee. The immunophenotypic structure of the immune cells before (on the biopsy) and after (on the surgical sample) the administration of the immunonutrition in 16 patients is compared with 8 patients receiving regular diet. The samples of non-tumour tissue from sleeve-gastrectomy are used as non-neoplastic control. Antibodies were tested: CD4, CD8, PD-1, FOX-P3, CD68, CD163, CD80, CD21, CD56, PD-L1. We applied already well-known scoring systems for the evaluation of the immunohistochemistry and compared our data in the different groups by statistical analysis. RESULTS In treated patients, we detected a modulation of the immune response with higher number of cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment of the surgical specimens compared to the pre-operative biopsy, and a lower number of lymphocytes presenting an exhausted (i.e. double positive CD8 and PD-1 lymphocytes) and regulatory (i.e. double positive CD4 and FOX-P3 lymphocytes) phenotype. Moreover we observed the M1 polarization with a lower number of CD163 positive macrophages and the inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in treated patients. CONCLUSIONS The immunonutrition impacts on the tumoral microenvironment of gastric and colorectal cancer activating the inflammatory pathway, in terms of humoral and cellular response.
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185
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Inflammation: major denominator of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:547-570. [PMID: 32167154 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active metabolic organ that contributes to processes such as energy storage and utilization and to the production of a number of metabolic agents, such as adipokines, which play a role in inflammation. In this review, we try to elucidate the connections between peripheral inflammation at obesity and Type 2 diabetes and the central inflammatory process. Multiple lines of evidence highlight the importance of peripheral inflammation and its link to neuroinflammation, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. In addition to the accumulation of misfolded amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes are the main indicators of AD progression. They were found close to Aβ plaques in the brains of both AD patients and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Cytokines are key players in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and are also produced by microglia and astrocytes. The interplay of seemingly unrelated pathways between the periphery and the brain could, in fact, have a common denominator, with inflammation in general being a key factor affecting neuronal processes in the brain. An increased amount of white adipose tissue throughout the body seems to be an important player in pro-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, other important factors should be studied to elucidate the pathological processes of and the relationship among obesity, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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186
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Bao S, Hu R, Hambly BD. IL-34, IL-36 and IL-38 in colorectal cancer-key immunoregulators of carcinogenesis. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:925-930. [PMID: 32638330 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big killer nowadays, but the precise underlying mechanism remains to be explored. It is believed that imbalance of host immunity in the local microenvironment plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of CRC. IL-34 is inversely correlated with overall survival in CRC patients, perhaps via regulating terminal differentiation of a subset of macrophages (M2). It is believed that the recruitment/differentiation of M2 macrophages within the cancer simply represents an increase in number, but the function of these M2 macrophages may be compromised. IL-36s (IL-36α, β and γ) are constitutively expressed in non-cancer colon tissue, but colonic IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ are substantially reduced in the CRC tissues (~ 80%). IL-36α is an independent factor affecting the survival of CRC patients. The level of IL-36α and/or IL-36γ in CRC tissue could potentially be used as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of CRC at both the later or early stages of CRC. IL-38 is also an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Colonic IL-38 is ~ 95% lower in CRC compared to non-CRC colonic tissue, consistent with the positive correlation between differentiation of CRC, and colonic tumour expression of IL-38. IL-38 is a reliable/sensitive biomarker for distinguishing between CRC and non-cancer colonic tissue. There is a positive correlation between colonic IL-38 in CRC and prognosis and/or overall survival, particularly in advanced CRC, supporting IL-38 probably being a reliable and consistent independent factor in predicting the prognosis of CRC. The findings above may be useful in exploring therapeutic targeting for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Rong Hu
- Discipline of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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187
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Macrophages in Oral Carcinomas: Relationship with Cancer Stem Cell Markers and PD-L1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071764. [PMID: 32630659 PMCID: PMC7408350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be polarized into antitumoral M1 and protumoral and immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. This study investigated the clinical relevance of TAM infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), evaluating CD68 (M1 and M2 macrophage marker) and CD163 expression (M2 macrophage marker) in the tumor nests and surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis of both stromal/tumoral CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 125 OSCC patients, and correlated with clinical data. Potential relationships with the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and PD-L1 in the tumors were also assessed. Stromal CD163+ infiltration was significantly associated with the tumor location in the tongue, and stromal and tumoral CD68+ and CD163+-infiltrating TAMs were more abundant in nonsmokers and non-alcohol-drinkers. Strikingly, this study uncovers an inverse relationship between CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs and CSC marker expression (NANOG and SOX2) in OSCC. High infiltration of CD163+ TAMs in both tumor and stroma was strongly and significantly correlated with the absence of NANOG expression. Moreover, infiltration of both CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was also significantly associated with high tumor expression of PD-L1. Our results suggest that there is a link between TAM infiltration and immune escape in OSCC.
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188
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Chainani A, Matson A, Chainani M, Marchand Colon AJ, Toth AP, Garrigues GE, Little D. Contracture and transient receptor potential channel upregulation in the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:e253-e268. [PMID: 32113865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA), the anterior shoulder joint capsule (ASJC) is characterized grossly by contracture, synovitis, and fibrosis. In tissues that develop fibrosis, there is substantial cross-talk between macrophages, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts, modulated by calcium signaling and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel signaling. The purpose of this study was to compare and characterize the degree of synovitis, inflammatory infiltrate, and TRP channel expression in ASJC harvested from shoulders with and without primary GHOA. METHODS The ASJC was resected from patients undergoing TSA for primary GHOA or other diagnoses and compared with ASJC from cadaveric donors with no history of shoulder pathology. ASJC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry to characterize synovial lining and capsular inflammatory cell infiltrate and fibrosis, and to evaluate for expression of TRPA1, TRPV1, and TRPV4, known to be involved in fibrosis in other tissues. Blinded sections were evaluated by 3 graders using a semiquantitative scale; then results were compared between diagnosis groups using nonparametric methods. RESULTS Compared with normal control, the ASJC in primary GHOA had significantly increased synovitis, fibrosis, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate including multiple macrophages subsets, and upregulation of TRP channel expression. CONCLUSION These data support the clinical findings of ASJC and synovial fibrosis in primary GHOA, identify a mixed inflammatory response, and identify dysregulation of TRP channels in the synovium and joint capsule. Further studies will identify the role of synovial and capsular fibrosis early in the development of GHOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Chainani
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Matson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masoom Chainani
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alison P Toth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Grant E Garrigues
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Kulshrestha R, Dhanda H, Pandey A, Singh A, Kumar R. Immunopathogenesis and therapeutic potential of macrophage influx in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:917-928. [PMID: 32600077 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1776117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD)/interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are progressive lung disorders with usually unclear etiology, poor long-term survival and no effective treatment. Their pathogenesis is characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and parenchymal fibrosis. Macrophages play diverse roles in their development, both in the acute phase and in tissue repair. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of macrophages and their phenotypes in the immunopathogenesis of DPLDs; CVD-ILD, UIP, NSIP, DIP, RB-ILD, AIP, HP, Sarcoidosis, etc. Our goal is to update the understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of fibrosis in DPLDs. This will help in identification of biomarkers and in developing novel therapeutic strategies for DPLDs. A thorough literature search of the published studies in PubMed (from 1975 to 2020) was done. EXPERT OPINION The macrophage associated inflammatory markers needs to be explored for their potential as biomarkers of disease activity and progression. Pharmacological targeting of macrophage activation may reduce the risk of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and help improving the survival and prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Dhanda
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Pandey
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
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190
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Luque-Martin R, Mander PK, Leenen PJM, Winther MPJ. Classic and new mediators for in vitro modelling of human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:549-560. [PMID: 32592421 PMCID: PMC7984372 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0620-018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells in the activation and regulation of immune responses. These cells are present in all tissues under homeostatic conditions and in many disease settings. Macrophages can exhibit a wide range of phenotypes depending on local and systemic cues that drive the differentiation and activation process. Macrophage heterogeneity is also defined by their ontogeny. Tissue macrophages can either derive from circulating blood monocytes or are seeded as tissue-resident macrophages during embryonic development. In humans, the study of in vivo-generated macrophages is often difficult with laborious and cell-changing isolation procedures. Therefore, translatable, reproducible, and robust in vitro models for human macrophages in health and disease are necessary. Most of the methods for studying monocyte-derived macrophages are based on the use of limited factors to differentiate the monocytes into macrophages. Current knowledge shows that the in vivo situation is more complex, and a wide range of molecules in the tissue microenvironment promote and impact on monocyte to macrophage differentiation as well as activation. In this review, macrophage heterogeneity is discussed and the human in vitro models that can be applied for research, especially for monocyte-derived macrophages. We also focus on new molecules (IL-34, platelet factor 4, etc.) used to generate macrophages expressing different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luque-Martin
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
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191
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Pagliari C, Kanashiro-Galo L, Jesus ACC, Saldanha MG, Sotto MN. Paracoccidioidomycosis: characterization of subpopulations of macrophages and cytokines in human mucosal lesions. Med Mycol 2020; 57:757-763. [PMID: 30418569 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal lesions of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are frequently described and clinically important. Macrophages are classified as M1 or M2. M1 are proinflammatory and M2 are related to chronicity. Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucan and plays an important role against fungal cells. The objective was to verify the presence of M1, M2, and dectin-1 and a possible correlation with Th1/Th2 cytokines in mucosal PCM lesions. In sum, 33 biopsies of oral PCM were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis, and positive cells were quantified. Eleven biopsies were characterized by compact granulomas (G1), 12 with loose granulomas (G2), and 10 with both kind of granulomas (G3). pSTAT-1 was equally increased in the three groups. G1 was characterized by an increased number of CD163+ macrophages. G2 presented similar number of arginase 1, iNOS, and CD163 expressing cells. G3 presented an increased number of cells expressing arginase 1 and CD163 over iNOS. G1 and G3 presented high number of cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ; interleukin (IL) 5 was increased in G2 and G3; the expression of IL10 was similar among the three groups, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was higher in G3. G1 correlates to Th1 cytokines and pSTAT-1 and G2 correlates to Th2 cytokines. G3 presents both kinds of cytokines. We could not associate the expression of arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, and dectin-1 with the pattern of cytokines or kind of granuloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pagliari
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L Kanashiro-Galo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C Jesus
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M G Saldanha
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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192
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Werner L, Dreyer JH, Hartmann D, Barros MHM, Büttner-Herold M, Grittner U, Niedobitek G. Tumor-associated macrophages in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: hormetic relationship to outcome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9410. [PMID: 32523087 PMCID: PMC7287068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly attributed to the prevalence of M2 macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are linked to poor outcome in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). MYC is supposed to control the expression of M2-specific genes in macrophages, and deficiency in MYC-positive macrophages inhibits tumor growth in mouse models. To verify this hypothesis for HL, seventy-six samples were subjected to immunohistochemical double staining using CD68 or CD163 macrophage-specific antibodies and a reagent detecting MYC. For each cell population, labelled cells were grouped according to low, intermediate and high numbers and related to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). MYC+ cells accounted for 21% and 18% of CD68+ and CD163+ cells, respectively. Numbers of MYC- macrophages were significantly higher in EBV+ cases while no differences were observed for MYC+ macrophages between EBV+ and EBV- cases. Cases with highest numbers of macrophages usually showed worst DFS and OS. In most scenarios, intermediate numbers of macrophages were associated with better outcome than very low or very high numbers. Our observations are reminiscent of the "hormesis hypothesis" and suggest that a relative lack of TAM may allow HL growth while macrophages display an inhibitory effect with increasing numbers. Above a certain threshold, TAM may again support tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Werner
- Institute for Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - David Hartmann
- Institute for Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Niedobitek
- Institute for Pathology, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany
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193
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Nishio H, Saita Y, Kobayashi Y, Takaku T, Fukusato S, Uchino S, Wakayama T, Ikeda H, Kaneko K. Platelet-rich plasma promotes recruitment of macrophages in the process of tendon healing. Regen Ther 2020; 14:262-270. [PMID: 32455156 PMCID: PMC7232040 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Researchers have investigated the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. However, the mechanisms through which PRP affects tissue repair remain unclear. We hypothesize that PRP promotes tissue repair through not only via direct manner on the local cells but also via indirect manner that encourage the recruitment of reparative cells such as macrophages (MPs), and it depends on the quality of PRP including the concentration of leukocytes. The aim of this study is to elucidate the actions of the MPs in the mechanisms of PRP on tissue repair processes. METHODS Leukocyte-rich (LR) PRP and leukocyte-poor (LP) PRP were prepared from 12-week-old C57BL6 mice. Full-thickness defects were created in central third of patellar tendons of 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice for histologic analysis (n = 36) and 12-week-old B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J mice for flow cytometry analysis (n = 108). B6.129P-Cx3cr1tm1Litt/J mouse is GFP-positive only in the MP-linage cells thus MPs recruited to the repair tissue can be distinguished whether it had originated from administrated PRP or recruited from host mouse. Mice were treated either with LR-PRP, LP-PRP, or without PRP (control group). Histological analyses were performed to evaluate the tendon healing using Bonar score as semi-quantitative histological scoring system. Flow cytometric analyses were performed to count the number of GFP-positive cells around repaired patellar tendon. In addition, the ratio of pro-inflammatory MPs (M1)/anti-inflammatory MPs (M2) were analyzed in those GFP-positive cells. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism ver6. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In LR-PRP and LP-PRP groups, all variables in Bonar score such as cell morphology, cellularity, vascularity, and collagen arrangement were significantly improved in comparison with control group, indicating that both PRPs promote tendon hearing. LP-PRP promoted the tendon healing significantly faster than that of LR-PRP on postoperative day 28 (P < 0.001). LR-PRP enhanced angiogenesis (vascularity: P < 0.001), while LP-PRP improved the collagen arrangement on postoperative day 28 (collagen arrangement: P < 0.01). In other variables such as cell morphology and cellularity score, there were no significant differences between LR-PRP and LP-PRP groups in any time points. Flow cytometric findings showed that recruitment of GFP-positive MPs in the LR and LP-PRP groups were significantly increased from postoperative day 4 compared with control group without PRP treatment (P < 0.001). The majority of GFP-positive MPs were M1 at the initiation of tendon healing phase, and M2 were gradually increased from postoperative day 4. The number of M1 was significantly high both in the LP- and LR-PRP groups (day 4 and 7, p < 0.001), but the number of M2 was high only in the LP-PRP group (day 7 and 14, P < 0.05) when it compared with control group. The M1/M2 ratio on postoperative day 7 was significantly lower in the LP-PRP group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PRP enhanced the tendon healing and promoted the recruitment of MPs to the injured tissue. The subtypes of MPs were different depends on the types of PRPs, suggesting that leukocytes in PRP influence the effect of PRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoiku Takaku
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Cku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Fukusato
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Uchino
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Wakayama
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Clinical, histopathologic, and immunoarchitectural features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy: an update. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1104-1121. [PMID: 31896812 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is a distinctive form of paracortical lymph node hyperplasia that usually occurs in the setting of chronic dermatologic disorders. The aim of this study is to update our understanding of the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. The study cohort was 50 lymph node samples from 42 patients diagnosed with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. The patients included 29 women and 13 men with a median age of 49 years (range, 12-79). Twenty-two (52%) patients had a dermatologic disorder, including mycosis fungoides (n = 6), chronic inflammatory dermatoses (n = 13), melanoma (n = 1), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), and Kaposi sarcoma in the context of human immunodeficiency virus infection (n = 1). Twenty (48%) patients did not have dermatologic manifestations. Lymph node biopsy specimens were axillary (n = 22), inguinal (n = 21), cervical (n = 4), and intramammary (n = 3). All lymph nodes showed paracortical areas expanded by lymphocytes; dendritic cells, including interdigitating dendritic cells and Langerhans cells; and macrophages. Melanophages were detected in 48 (98%) lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical analysis provided results that are somewhat different from those previously reported in the literature. In the paracortical areas of lymph node, S100 protein was expressed in virtually all dendritic cells, and CD1a was expressed in a significantly greater percentage of cells than langerin (80 vs. 35%, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that the paracortical regions of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy harbor at least three immunophenotypic subsets of dendritic cells: Langerhans cells (S100+, CD1a+(high), langerin+), interdigitating dendritic cells (S100+, CD1a+(low), langerin-), and a third (S100+, CD1a-, langerin-) minor population of dendritic cells. Furthermore, in more than 60% of dermatopathic lymph nodes, langerin highlighted trabecular and medullary sinuses and cords, showing a linear and reticular staining pattern, which could be a pitfall in the differential diagnosis with Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving lymph nodes.
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195
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Macrophages skew towards M1 profile through reduced CD163 expression in symptomatic apical periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4571-4581. [PMID: 32444919 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the macrophage profiles in symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of AP through phenotypic and functional analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study. Apical tissue/lesion samples were collected from patients with clinical diagnosis of AAP (n = 51) or SAP (n = 45) and healthy periodontal ligament (HPL) from healthy patients as controls (n = 14), all with indication of tooth extraction. Samples were digested, cells were stained for CD14, M1 (CD64, CD80), and M2 (CD163, CD206) phenotypic surface markers and analyzed by flow cytometry. Functional cytokine profiles L-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-23 (M1), IL-10, and TGF-β (M2) were determined by qPCR. RESULTS Higher macrophage M1/M2 ratio (CD64+CD80+/CD163+CD206+) along with lower CD163 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were found in SAP compared to AAP and controls (p < 0.05). IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-23 (M1), and IL-10 mRNA (M2) were upregulated, whereas TGF-β mRNA (M2) was downregulated in apical lesions compared to controls. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-23 (M1) were upregulated in SAP compared with AAP and controls (p < 0.05). The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages exhibited a polarization switch towards M1 in AL. SAP exhibited a reduced M2 differentiation profile based on a reduction of CD163 expression levels in SAP over AAP. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-23 were augmented SAP over AAP, suggesting a role in the severity of apical lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Deciphering the macrophage polarization and functions in apical periodontitis can contribute to explain AP dynamics, its clinical presentation and systemic impact.
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196
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Kempthorne L, Yoon H, Madore C, Smith S, Wszolek ZK, Rademakers R, Kim J, Butovsky O, Dickson DW. Loss of homeostatic microglial phenotype in CSF1R-related Leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:72. [PMID: 32430064 PMCID: PMC7236286 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and their unique molecular signature is dependent upon CSF-1 signaling. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of CSF-1R in survival and development of microglia in animal models, but the findings are of uncertain relevance to understanding the influence of CSF-1R on microglia in humans. Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) [also known as adult onset leukoencephalopathy with spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP)] is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting cerebral white matter, most often caused by mutations of CSF1R. Therefore, we hypothesized that the molecular profile of microglia may be affected in HDLS. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and quantitative transcriptomic profiling revealed reduced expression of IBA-1 and P2RY12 in both white and gray matter microglia of HDLS. In contrast, there was increased expression of CD68 and CD163 in microglia in affected white matter. In addition, expression of selective and specific microglial markers, including P2RY12, CX3CR1 and CSF-1R, were reduced in affected white matter. These results suggest that microglia in white matter in HDLS lose their homeostatic phenotype. Supported by gene ontology analysis, it is likely that an inflammatory phenotype is a key pathogenic feature of microglia in vulnerable brain regions of HDLS. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism of disease pathogenesis by linking aberrant CSF-1 signaling to altered microglial phenotype. They also support the idea that HDLS may be a primary microgliopathy. We observed increased expression of CSF-2 in gray matter compared to affected white matter, which may contribute to selective vulnerability of white matter in HDLS. Our findings suggest that methods that restore the homeostatic phenotype of microglia might be considered treatment approaches in HDLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Kempthorne
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Smith
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Klinkhamhom A, Glaharn S, Srisook C, Ampawong S, Krudsood S, Ward SA, Viriyavejakul P. M1 macrophage features in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients with pulmonary oedema. Malar J 2020; 19:182. [PMID: 32414377 PMCID: PMC7226720 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary oedema (PE) is a serious complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria which can lead to acute lung injury in severe cases. Lung macrophages are activated during malaria infection due to a complex host-immune response. The molecular basis for macrophage polarization is still unclear but understanding the predominant subtypes could lead to new therapeutic strategies where the diseases present with lung involvement. The present study was designed to study the polarization of lung macrophages, as M1 or M2 macrophages, in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients, with and without evidence of PE. Methods Lung tissue samples, taken from patients who died from severe P. falciparum malaria, were categorized into severe malaria with PE and without PE (non-PE). Expression of surface markers (CD68+, all macrophages; CD40+, M1 macrophage; and CD163+, M2 macrophage) on activated lung macrophages was used to quantify M1/M2 macrophage subtypes. Results Lung injury was demonstrated in malaria patients with PE. The expression of CD40 (M1 macrophage) was prominent in the group of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with PE (63.44 ± 1.98%), compared to non-PE group (53.22 ± 3.85%, p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference observed for CD163 (M2 macrophage) between PE and non-PE groups. Conclusions The study demonstrates M1 polarization in lung tissues from severe P. falciparum malaria infections with PE. Understanding the nature of macrophage characterization in malaria infection may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches that could be deployed to reduce lung damage in severe P. falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkarin Klinkhamhom
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supattra Glaharn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charit Srisook
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Barboza TC, Sotto MN, Kanashiro-Galo L, de Brito AC, Duarte MIS, Quaresma JAS, Pagliari C. M2-Polarized Macrophages Determine Human Cutaneous Lesions in Lacaziosis. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:477-483. [PMID: 32378114 PMCID: PMC7201388 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lacaziosis is a cutaneous chronic mycosis caused by Lacazia loboi. Macrophages are important cells in the host immune response in fungal infections. The macrophage population exhibits strong plasticity that varies according to the stimuli in the microenvironment of lesions M1 profile promotes a Th1 pattern of cytokines and a microbicidal function and M2 is related to Th2 cytokines and immunomodulatory response. We investigated the population of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages in human cutaneous lesions. A total of 27 biopsies from human lesions were submitted to an immunohistochemistry protocol using antibodies to detect M1 and M2 macrophages (Arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, RBP-J and cMAF). We could observe high number of cells expressing Arginase1, CD163 and c-MAF that correspond to elements of the M2 profile of macrophage, over iNOS and RBP-J (elements of the M1 profile). The results suggest a predominant phenotype of M2 macrophages, which have an immunomodulatory role and probably contributing to chronicity of Lacaziosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cristina Barboza
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual - SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Pagliari
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual - SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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PPAR-Gamma Agonist Pioglitazone Reduced CD68+ but Not CD163+ Macrophage Dermal Infiltration in Obese Psoriatic Patients. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:4548012. [PMID: 32411188 PMCID: PMC7211254 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4548012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are of great importance in the development of obesity and psoriasis. Signaling via PPAR-γ in certain macrophage populations is associated with M2-like features and anti-inflammatory profile. In this research, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory action of pioglitazone by the immunohistochemical study of M1 and M2 macrophages in psoriasis-affected skin in obese patients. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to characterize CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages and pathomorphological description of skin biopsy, obtained from 6 obese psoriatic patients before and after treatment with 15, 30, and 45 mg pioglitazone, once a day during 6 months. Two patients with conventional therapy and without pioglitazone served as control. Results Generally, CD163+ cell quantities in psoriasis-affected skin significantly dominated over CD68+ before and after all treatment regiments. Among patients who received pioglitazone, some of them clearly responded to treatment from lowest to highest doses by decreasing CD68+ cells. In the group with 30 mg pioglitazone regiment, we detected a significant reduction of CD68+ cells in dermal infiltrates: CI 95% (16–32) before versus CI 95% (2–7) after treatment. Pioglitazone dose escalation led to certain normalization of skin morphology. Conclusion The immunohistochemical study allows us to show the anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone in psoriatic obese patients, which can be mediated by reducing the number of СD68+ macrophages, but not СD163+ macrophages, in the affected dermis.
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Lack of CD8 + T-cell co-localization with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infected cells in Kaposi's sarcoma tumors. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1556-1572. [PMID: 32391124 PMCID: PMC7197452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the close association between Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and immune dysfunction, it remains unclear whether tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), by their absence, presence, or dysfunction, are mechanistically correlated with KS pathogenesis. Therefore, their potential capacity to serve as prognostic biomarkers of KS disease progression or control is unclear. Because epidemic-KS (EpKS) occurs with HIV-1 co-infection, it is particularly important to compare TIIC between EpKS and HIV-negative African endemic-KS (EnKS) to dissect the roles of HIV-1 and Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in KS pathogenesis. This cross-sectional study of 13 advanced KS (4 EnKS, 9 EpKS) patients and 3 healthy controls utilized single-color immunohistochemistry and dual-color immunofluorescence assays to characterize and quantify KSHV infected cells in relation to various TIIC in KS biopsies. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess differences between groups where P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The abundance of KSHV infected cells was heterogeneous in KS biopsies. Despite the presence of T-cell chemoattractant chemokine CxCL-9 in biopsies, CD8+ T-cells were sparsely distributed in regions with evident KSHV infected cells but were readily detectable in regions devoid of KSHV infected cells (P < 0.0001). CD68+ (M1) macrophages were evenly and diffusely distributed in KS biopsies, whereas, the majority of CD163+ (M2) macrophages were localized in regions devoid of KSHV infected cells (P < 0.0001). Overall, the poor immune cell infiltration or co-localization in KS biopsies independent of HIV-1 co-infection suggests a fundamental tumor immune evasion mechanism that warrants further investigation.
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