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Godos J, Zappalà G, Bernardini S, Giambini I, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martinez-Gonzalez M. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome occurrence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:138-148. [PMID: 27557591 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1221900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a role in the onset and progression of metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to systematically review and conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of results from observational cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies on adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of MetS. Literature databases including PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched from the beginning to May 2016. Eight cross-sectional and four prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, accounting for a total of 33,847 individuals and 6342 cases of MetS. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a risk of MetS (RR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.71, 0.92). Regarding individual components of the MetS, the inverse associations were significant for waist circumference, blood pressure and low HDL-C levels. In conclusion, adoption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of the MetS and it can be proposed for the primary prevention of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- a Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Gaetano Zappalà
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- c Division of Clinical Biochemisty and Clinical Molecular Biology , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Ilio Giambini
- d Dipartimento Medicina Laboratorio, Tor Vergata University Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- e Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Navarra-IDISNA , Pamplona , Spain
- f CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Martinez-Gonzalez
- e Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Navarra-IDISNA , Pamplona , Spain
- f CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
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152
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Martínez-Torres J, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Vivas A, Triana-Reina HR, Prieto-Benavidez DH, Carrillo HA, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Villa-González E, García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Colombian Collegiate Students: The FUPRECOL-Adults Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E233. [PMID: 28264459 PMCID: PMC5369069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. The objective of the present study is to investigate the prevalence and the associated variables of MetS in Colombian collegiate students. This cross-sectional study included a total of 890 (52% women) healthy collegiate students (21.3 ± 3.2 years old). The prevalence of MetS was determined by the definition provided by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). We further examined associations between the prevalence of MetS and related factors, such as age, gender, anthropometric and body composition, weight status, and nutrition profile. The overall prevalence of MetS was 6.0% (95% CI = 4.5% to 7.6%), and it was higher in men than women. The most prevalent components were low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, waist circumference, and blood pressure levels. The predisposing factors for having a MetS included: being male, over 23 years old, overweight or obese, and having an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio. In conclusion, the occurrence of MetS in young adults is substantial. These findings may be relevant to health promotion efforts for collegiate students in order to develop prospective studies and screening for young adults, which will aid in targeted intervention development to decrease cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá DC 110311, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Vivas
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina
- Grupo GRINDER, Programa de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali DC 760010, Colombia.
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavidez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Hugo Alejandro Carrillo
- Grupo GRINDER, Programa de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali DC 760010, Colombia.
| | - Jeison Alexander Ramos-Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Educación a Distancia y Virtual, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Santiago de Cali DC 760010, Colombia.
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería DC 04120, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada DC 18010, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago DC 9160030, Chile.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
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153
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Ros E. The PREDIMED study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:63-66. [PMID: 28440779 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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154
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Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, D’Urso G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, De Lorenzo A. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8947-8979. [PMID: 27894098 PMCID: PMC5352455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ, whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions. The Mediterranean Diet represents a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome, preventing adiposopathy or "sick fat" formation.The Mediterranean Diet exerts protective effects in elderly subjects with and without baseline of chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity. In the US, diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer. Currently, the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Furthermore, populations living in the Mediterranean area have a decreased incidence of cancer compared with populations living in Northern Europe or the US, likely due to healthier dietary habits. The bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer. The aims of this review are to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean Diet on onset, progression and regression of metabolic syndrome, cancer and on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Vidiri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele D’Urso
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
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155
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Schlörmann W, Lamberty J, Lorkowski S, Ludwig D, Mothes H, Saupe C, Glei M. Chemopreventive potential ofin vitrofermented nuts in LT97 colon adenoma and primary epithelial colon cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1461-1471. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schlörmann
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD); Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Lamberty
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD); Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
| | - Diana Ludwig
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
| | - Henning Mothes
- Department of General; Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Christian Saupe
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Nutrition; Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD); Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
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156
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Abstract
Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Marsh
- Northside Nutrition and Dietetics, Australia
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157
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Health Promotion and Wellness. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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158
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Becerra-Tomás N, Babio N, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Salaverria I, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Lapetra J, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Toledo E, Sorlí JV, Pedret-Llaberia MR, Salas-Salvadó J. Replacing red meat and processed red meat for white meat, fish, legumes or eggs is associated with lower risk of incidence of metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1442-1449. [PMID: 27087650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, School of Pharmacy, INSA, University of Barcelona, XARTA Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Maria Roser Pedret-Llaberia
- Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Tarragona-Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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159
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Paniagua JA. Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:483-514. [PMID: 27895819 PMCID: PMC5107710 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat that may be harmful to health. Today, obesity is a major public health problem, affecting in greater or lesser proportion all demographic groups. Obesity is estimated by body mass index (BMI) in a clinical setting, but BMI reports neither body composition nor the location of excess body fat. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes accounted for approximately 65% of all deaths, and adiposity and mainly abdominal adiposity are associated with all these disorders. Adipose tissue could expand to inflexibility levels. Then, adiposity is associated with a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, with increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 release, which interfere with adipose cell differentiation, and the action pattern of adiponectin and leptin until the adipose tissue begins to be dysfunctional. In this state the subject presents insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, probably the first step of a dysfunctional metabolic system. Subsequent to central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and fatty liver are grouped in the so-called metabolic syndrome (MetS). In subjects with MetS an energy balance is critical to maintain a healthy body weight, mainly limiting the intake of high energy density foods (fat). However, high-carbohydrate rich (CHO) diets increase postprandial peaks of insulin and glucose. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are also increased, which interferes with reverse cholesterol transport lowering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, CHO-rich diets could move fat from peripheral to central deposits and reduce adiponectin activity in peripheral adipose tissue. All these are improved with monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets. Lastly, increased portions of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids also decrease triglyceride levels, and complement the healthy diet that is recommended in patients with MetS.
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160
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Tobias DK, Zhang C, Chavarro J, Olsen S, Bao W, Bjerregaard AA, Fung TT, Manson JE, Hu FB. Healthful dietary patterns and long-term weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1748-1753. [PMID: 27569683 PMCID: PMC5101125 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Diet represents a key strategy for the prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), although effective dietary patterns to prevent weight gain in the long term are largely unknown. We sought to evaluate whether improvement in overall diet quality is associated with less long-term weight gain among high-risk women with prior GDM. SUBJECTS/METHODS Women with a history of GDM (N=3397) were followed from 1991 to 2011, or until diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or other chronic disease. Usual diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire every 4 years from which we calculated the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI-2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern scores. Weight, lifestyle and health-related outcomes were self-reported every 2 years. We estimated the change in dietary score with change in body weight using linear regression models adjusting for age, baseline body mass index (BMI), baseline and simultaneous change in physical activity and smoking status and other risk factors. RESULTS Women were followed up to 20 years, gaining an average 1.9 kg (s.d.=7.0) per 4-year period. Women in the highest quintile (Q5) of diet change (most improvement in quality) gained significantly less weight per 4-year period than the lowest quintile (Q1; decrease in quality), independent of other risk factors (4-year weight change, aHEI-2010: Q5=1.30 kg vs Q1=3.27 kg; AMED: Q5=0.94 kg vs Q1=2.56 kg, DASH: Q5=0.64 kg vs Q1=2.75 kg). Significant effect modification by BMI (p-interactions <0.001) indicated a greater magnitude of weight change among women with a higher baseline BMI for all three patterns. CONCLUSIONS Increased diet quality was associated with less weight gain, independent of other lifestyle factors. Post-partum recommendations on diet quality may provide one strategy to prevent long-term weight gain in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Bao
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A A Bjerregaard
- Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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161
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Georgousopoulou EN, Kouli GM, Panagiotakos DB, Kalogeropoulou A, Zana A, Chrysohoou C, Tsigos C, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Pitsavos C. Anti-inflammatory diet and 10-year (2002–2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study. Int J Cardiol 2016; 222:473-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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163
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Liu X, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG, Lamarche B, Jenkins DJA, Fleming JA, McCrea CE, Pu S, Couture P, Connelly PW, Jones PJH. Effects of canola and high-oleic-acid canola oils on abdominal fat mass in individuals with central obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2261-2268. [PMID: 27804268 PMCID: PMC5119743 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of diets low in saturated fatty acids and high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids on body composition in participants at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This study was a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. Participants (n = 101, ages 49.5 ± 1.2, BMI 29.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2 ) were randomized to five isocaloric diets containing treatment oils: Canola, CanolaOleic, CanolaDHA, Corn/Safflower, and Flax/Safflower. Each diet period was 4 weeks followed by a 2- to 4-week washout period. RESULTS Canola (3.1 kg, P = 0.026) and CanolaOleic oil diets (3.09 kg, P = 0.03) reduced android fat mass compared with the Flax/Saff oil diet (3.2 kg), particularly in men. The decrease in abdominal fat mass was correlated with the reduction in blood pressure after the Canola (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.26, P = 0.062; diastolic blood pressure: r = 0.38, P = 0.0049) and CanolaOleic oil diets (systolic blood pressure: r = 0.39 P = 0.004; diastolic blood pressure: r = 0.45, P = 0.0006). The decrease in abdominal fat mass also was associated with a reduction in triglyceride levels after the CanolaOleic oil diet (r = 0.42, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Diets high in MUFA (compared with PUFA) reduced central obesity with an accompanying improvement in MetS risk factors. Diets high in MUFA may be beneficial for treating and perhaps preventing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cindy E McCrea
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuaihua Pu
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Kolčić I, Relja A, Gelemanović A, Miljković A, Boban K, Hayward C, Rudan I, Polašek O. Mediterranean diet in the southern Croatia - does it still exist? Croat Med J 2016; 57:415-424. [PMID: 27815932 PMCID: PMC5141459 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2016.57.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the population of Dalmatia in southern Croatia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed within the 10001 Dalmatians cohort, encompassing 2768 participants from Korčula and Vis islands and the City of Split, who were recruited during 2011-2014. Using the data obtained from food frequency questionnaire we calculated the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the characteristics associated with the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with age, sex, place of residence, education attainment, smoking, and physical activity as covariates. RESULTS The median MDSS score was 11 out of maximum 24 points (interquartile range 8-13), with the highest score recorded on the island of Vis. Participants reported a dietary pattern that had high compliance with the Mediterranean diet guidelines for consumption of cereals (87% met the criteria), potatoes (73%), olive oil (69%), and fish (61%), moderate for consumption of fruit (54%) and vegetables (31%), and low for consumption of nuts (6%). Overall, only 23% of the participants were classified as being adherent to the Mediterranean diet, with a particularly low percentage among younger participants (12%) compared to the older ones (34%). Men were less likely to show good adherence (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.42-0.65). CONCLUSION This study revealed rather poor compliance with the current recommendations on the Mediterranean diet composition in the population of Dalmatia. Public health intervention is especially needed in younger age groups and in men, who show the greatest departure from traditional Mediterranean diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kolčić
- Ivana Kolčić, Medical School, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia,
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Sureda A, Bibiloni MDM, Martorell M, Buil-Cosiales P, Marti A, Pons A, Tur JA, Martinez-Gonzalez MÁ. Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil and nuts enhance plasmatic antioxidant capabilities and decrease xanthine oxidase activity in people with metabolic syndrome: The PREDIMED study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2654-2664. [PMID: 27600061 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study assessed plasmatic antioxidant capabilities and xanthine oxidase (XOX) activity in metabolic syndrome patients after 5 years intervention with Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or with nuts or with low-fat diet (the PREDIMED [PREvención con Dieta MEDiterránea] study). METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-five participants were randomly selected. Daily energy and nutrient intake were assessed with a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire, and adherence to the MeDiet was assessed using a 14-item questionnaire. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase, XOX activities and protein levels, and protein carbonyl derivatives, nitrotyrosine, nitrite and nitrate levels were determined in overnight fasting venous blood samples. The plasma activity and protein levels of SOD and catalase were significantly higher and XOX activity was lower in MeDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and MeDiet supplemented with nuts than in the control group. Participants in both MeDiet groups showed higher plasma nitrate levels than in the control group. Adherence to the MeDiet showed a positive correlation with SOD and catalase plasma antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION A MeDiet enriched with either virgin olive oil or nuts enhances the plasma antioxidant capabilities and decreases XOX activity in patients with the metabolic syndrome but we did not observe changes in myeloperoxidase or markers of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pilar Buil-Cosiales
- RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martinez-Gonzalez
- RD 06/0045 and CIBEROBN (Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
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Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:925-947. [PMID: 27605002 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2 = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2 = 62.6 %) in cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.
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Casas R, Sacanella E, Urpí-Sardà M, Corella D, Castañer O, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Ros E, Estruch R. Long-Term Immunomodulatory Effects of a Mediterranean Diet in Adults at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146:1684-93. [PMID: 27440261 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated short-term anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about its long-term immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess the long-term effects of the MedDiet on inflammatory markers related to atherogenesis in adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the effects of a low-fat diet (LFD). METHODS We randomly assigned 165 high-risk participants (one-half men; mean age: 66 y) without overt CVD to 1 of 3 diets: a MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a MedDiet supplemented with nuts, or an LFD. Follow-up data were collected at 3 and 5 y. Repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusted for potential confounding variables, was used to evaluate changes in diet adherence, CVD risk factors, and inflammatory variables. RESULTS The 2 MedDiet groups achieved a high degree of adherence to the intervention, and the LFD group had reduced energy intake from fat by 13% by 5 y. Compared with baseline, at 3 and 5 y, both MedDiet groups had significant reductions of ≥16% in plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (P ≤ 0.04), whereas there were no significant changes in the LFD group. The reductions in CD49d and CD40 expressions in T lymphocytes and monocytes at 3 y were ≥16% greater in both MedDiet groups than were the changes in the LFD group (P < 0.001) at 3 y. Compared with baseline, at 3 y, the MedDiet groups had increased HDL-cholesterol (≥8%) and decreased blood pressure (>4%) and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride (≥8%) concentrations. At 5 y, concentrations of glucose (13%) and glycated hemoglobin (8%) had increased with the LFD. CONCLUSIONS The MedDiet participants had lower cellular and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis at 3 and 5 y. This anti-inflammatory role of the MedDiet could explain in part the long-term cardioprotective effect of the MedDiet against CVD. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mireia Urpí-Sardà
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition and REGICOR research group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
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Torres-Castro I, Arroyo-Camarena ÚD, Martínez-Reyes CP, Gómez-Arauz AY, Dueñas-Andrade Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Béjar YL, Zaga-Clavellina V, Morales-Montor J, Terrazas LI, Kzhyshkowska J, Escobedo G. Human monocytes and macrophages undergo M1-type inflammatory polarization in response to high levels of glucose. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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170
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Ferreira-Pêgo C, Babio N, Bes-Rastrollo M, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, Fiol M, Santos-Lozano JM, Muñoz-Bravo C, Pintó X, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J. Frequent Consumption of Sugar- and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Natural and Bottled Fruit Juices Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Nutr 2016; 146:1528-36. [PMID: 27358413 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between the consumption of sweetened beverages and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is controversial. OBJECTIVE This analysis evaluated the associations between intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages, and natural and bottled fruit juices and the incidence of MetS in elderly individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and without MetS at baseline. METHODS We prospectively examined 1868 participants free of MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) study. MetS was defined by using the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated at baseline and then yearly by using a validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted HRs for MetS and its components were estimated from mean intakes during follow-up. We compared the 2 highest consumption categories (1-5 and >5 servings/wk) with the lowest category (<1 serving/wk). RESULTS A total of 930 incident cases of MetS were documented during a median follow-up of 3.24 y. When we compared consumption of >5 servings/wk with consumption of <1 serving/wk, multivariable HRs (95% CIs) for MetS incidence were 1.43 (1.00, 2.15), 1.74 (1.26, 2.41), 1.30 (1.00, 1.69), and 1.14 (1.04, 1.65) for SSBs, artificially sweetened beverages, natural fruit juices, and bottled fruit juices, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The occasional consumption of SSBs and artificially sweetened beverages (1-5 servings/wk) was not associated with the incidence of MetS in middle-aged and elderly individuals at high risk of CVD. The consumption of >5 servings/wk of all of the types of beverages analyzed was associated with an increased risk of MetS and some of its components. However, for SSBs and bottled fruit juices these associations must be interpreted with caution because of the low frequency of consumption in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology, and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Medical Research Institute of Del Mar Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miguel Fiol
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Palma Institute of Health Research, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Bravo
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili), Biochemistry Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; CIBEROBN (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain;
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Hardman RJ, Kennedy G, Macpherson H, Scholey AB, Pipingas A. Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Effects on Cognition in Adults: A Qualitative Evaluation and Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Trials. Front Nutr 2016; 3:22. [PMID: 27500135 PMCID: PMC4956662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) involves substantial intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish, and a lower consumption of dairy, red meat, and sugars. Over the past 15 years, much empirical evidence supports the suggestion that a MedDiet may be beneficial with respect to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and dementia. A number of cross-sectional studies that have examined the impact of MedDiet on cognition have yielded largely positive results. The objective of this review is to evaluate longitudinal and prospective trials to gain an understanding of how a MedDiet may impact cognitive processes over time. The included studies were aimed at improving cognition or minimizing of cognitive decline. Studies reviewed included assessments of dietary status using either a food frequency questionnaire or a food diary assessment. Eighteen articles meeting our inclusion criteria were subjected to systematic review. These revealed that higher adherence to a MedDiet is associated with slower rates of cognitive decline, reduced conversion to Alzheimer's disease, and improvements in cognitive function. The specific cognitive domains that were found to benefit with improved Mediterranean Diet Score were memory (delayed recognition, long-term, and working memory), executive function, and visual constructs. The current review has also considered a number of methodological issues in making recommendations for future research. The utilization of a dietary pattern, such as the MedDiet, will be essential as part of the armamentarium to maintain quality of life and reduce the potential social and economic burden of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J. Hardman
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mistretta A, Marventano S, Antoci M, Cagnetti A, Giogianni G, Nolfo F, Rametta S, Pecora G, Marranzano M. Mediterranean diet adherence and body composition among Southern Italian adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:215-226. [PMID: 27269367 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet has been associated with health benefits in young populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardio-metabolic parameters in adolescents living in Sicily, Southern Italy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during two school years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) on 1643 adolescents of 11-16 years attending 15 secondary schools. Socio-demographic, dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric data were collected. The KIDMED score was used to evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test the association between the variable of interest and the outcomes. RESULTS A higher percentage of boys compared with girls was overweight (30.8% vs. 25.4%) and obese (28.7% vs. 18.5%) and only 9.1% had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Vegetable intake was negatively associated with being overweight/obese whereas higher intake of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fast foods was associated with overweight and obesity. A good adherence to the Mediterranean diet resulted in 30% decreased odds of being overweight or obese (odd ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.87) in both boys and girls. An inverse correlation was found between KIDMED score and BMI, waist circumference and fat mass. No relation with blood pressure was found. CONCLUSIONS Mediterranean dietary pattern resulted significantly associated with weight status in adolescents. These results underline the importance of providing lifestyle and dietary habits education to prevent overweight and obesity in adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mistretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Antoci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Cagnetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giogianni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Nolfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Rametta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Pecora
- Course of General Medicine Training, Council for Health, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Shook J, Kenny A, Kerstetter J, Huedo-Medina TB. The Effect of the Traditional Mediterranean-Style Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:168. [PMID: 26999195 PMCID: PMC4808896 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean-style diet (MedSD) has gained attention for its positive effects on health outcomes, including metabolic risk factors. However, it is unknown as to which components of MedSD interventions are most beneficial in reducing risk. The objective of this meta-analysis was to obtain effect sizes for metabolic risk factors and explain the variability across the current literature based on study design, sample, and diet characteristics. Six electronic databases were searched from inception until 9 February 2016. Data from 29 studies (N = 4133) were included. There were significant effects in favor of the MedSD for waist circumference, triglycerides, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (d+ = -0.54; d+ = -0.46; d+ = -0.50; d+ = -0.72; d+ = -0.94, respectively). The MedSD was significantly beneficial when the intervention was longer in duration, was conducted in Europe, used a behavioral technique, and was conducted using small groups. The traditional MedSD had significant beneficial effects on five of the six metabolic risk factors. Results from this study provide support for population specific dietary guideline for metabolic risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Garcia
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Jessica D Bihuniak
- NYU Steinhardt, Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Julia Shook
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Anne Kenny
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT06030, USA.
| | - Jane Kerstetter
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Tania B Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Clara R, Langhans W, Mansouri A. Oleic acid stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 release from enteroendocrine cells by modulating cell respiration and glycolysis. Metabolism 2016; 65:8-17. [PMID: 26892511 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent satiating and incretin hormone released by enteroendocrine L-cells in response to eating. Dietary fat, in particular monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA), potently stimulates GLP-1 secretion from L-cells. It is, however, unclear whether the intracellular metabolic handling of OA is involved in this effect. METHODS First we determined the optimal medium for the bioenergetics measurements. Then we examined the effect of OA on the metabolism of the immortalized enteroendocrine GLUTag cell model and assessed GLP-1 release in parallel. We measured oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in response to OA and to different metabolic inhibitors with the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. RESULTS OA increased cellular respiration and potently stimulated GLP-1 release. The fatty acid oxidation inhibitor etomoxir did neither reduce OA-induced respiration nor affect the OA-induced GLP-1 release. In contrast, inhibition of the respiratory chain or of downstream steps of aerobic glycolysis reduced the OA-induced GLP-1 release, and an inhibition of the first step of glycolysis by addition of 2-deoxy-d-glucose even abolished it. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that an indirect stimulation of glycolysis is crucial for the OA-induced release of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmarie Clara
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach (Zürich), Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach (Zürich), Switzerland
| | - Abdelhak Mansouri
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach (Zürich), Switzerland.
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Shah RV, Murthy VL, Allison MA, Ding J, Budoff M, Frazier-Wood AC, Lima JAC, Steffen L, Siscovick D, Tucker KL, Ouyang P, Abbasi SA, Danielson K, Jerosch-Herold M, Mozaffarian D. Diet and adipose tissue distributions: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:185-193. [PMID: 26899879 PMCID: PMC4788543 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary quality affects cardiometabolic risk, yet its pathways of influence on regional adipose tissue depots involved in metabolic and diabetes risk are not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary quality and regional adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 5079 individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who had food-frequency questionnaires and measurement of pericardial fat and hepatic attenuation at the baseline study visit in MESA, as well as a subgroup with imaging for visceral and subcutaneous fat (N = 1390). A dietary quality score (DietQuality) was constructed to include established food group constituents of a Mediterranean-type diet. Linear models estimated associations of dietary score as well as its constituents with regional adiposity. Baseline mean age was 61 (± 10) years, and approximately half of the participants (47%) were male. Those with a higher DietQuality score were generally older, female, with a lower body mass index, C-reactive protein, and markers of insulin resistance. After adjustment, a higher DietQuality score was associated with lower visceral fat (lowest vs. highest dietary score quartile: 523.6 vs. 460.5 cm(2)/m; P < 0.01 for trend), pericardial fat (47.5 vs. 41.3 cm(3)/m; P < 0.01 for trend), lesser hepatic steatosis (by hepatic attenuation; 58.6 vs. 60.7 Hounsfield units; P < 0.01 for trend), but not subcutaneous fat (P = 0.39). Greater fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seeds/nuts and yogurt intake were associated with decreased adiposity, while red/processed meats were associated with greater regional adiposity. CONCLUSION A higher quality diet pattern is associated with less regional adiposity, suggesting a potential mechanism of beneficial dietary effects on diabetes, metabolic, and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Shah
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - V L Murthy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine Division), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine Division), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - M A Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Ding
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - M Budoff
- Department of Cardiology and Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A C Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J A C Lima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Steffen
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D Siscovick
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K L Tucker
- University of Massachusetts at Lowell School of Public Health, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - P Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S A Abbasi
- Department of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K Danielson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Jerosch-Herold
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Mozaffarian
- Tufts University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Nutrition plays an increasingly significant role in lifestyle strategies for cardiovascular prevention. Foods and dietary patterns that encompass specific foods and beverages and their combinations, with synergies among their components, are the subject of much epidemiologic and clinical research in relation to health issues, including cardiovascular disease. Foods with the highest evidence for beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes (mainly fatal and nonfatal coronary artery disease and stroke) and intermediate risk markers (principally cholesterol and blood pressure) are fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, dairy products, fish, and alcohol consumed in moderation. Epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence on cardiovascular health issues is reviewed for these foods and for the dietary pattern with the highest probability of a causal link with cardiovascular protection, namely the Mediterranean diet. When pertinent, mechanisms of protection derived from specific nutrients in foods are also examined. The explosion of knowledge in cardioprotective foods and diets needs to be translated to the public, as dietary quality is still far from optimal in large segments of the population.
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Dajani A, AbuHammour A. Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Where do we stand? an overview. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:91-105. [PMID: 26997214 PMCID: PMC4817303 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.178527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease worldwide, the prevalence of which had progressively increased over the past 10 years where other liver diseases remained at the same prevalence rates or are expected to decrease as in the case of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The treatment of NAFLD is of prime concern to health care professionals and patients due to the significant mortality and morbidity it implies; the problem is further escalated by the fact that standard of care medications targeting NAFLD remain experimental and without evidence base. Treatment nowadays is focused on lifestyle modification and managing the comorbid associated diseases, with a possible role for some hepatic protective agents. This review presents all the medications that had been proposed and used for the treatment of NAFLD with or without scientific rationale and includes agents for weight loss, insulin sensitizers, drugs that reduce blood lipids, glucagon-mimetics, drugs that may reduce fibrosis, angiotensin receptor blockers, and medicines believed to reduce endoplasmic reticular stress such as vitamin E, ursodeoxycholic acid, and S-adenosyl methionine. A quick review of the newer agents that proved to be promising such as obeticholic acid and GFT505 and the medicines that are still in the pipeline is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Dajani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Asad Dajani Specialized Center, Sharjah, UAE,Address for correspondence: Dr. Asad Dajani, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Asad Dajani Specialized Center, P.O. Box 6328, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. E-mail:
| | - Adnan AbuHammour
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Abuhammour Medical Center, Dubai, UAE
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent conundrums in the interface of nutrition, biology and aging. RECENT FINDINGS A Mediterranean diet with extra virgin olive oil, or similar plant-based diets, including five helpings of fruit and vegetables, exercise and nonsmoking are the mainstays of aging successfully. Recent studies have questioned the utility of weight loss in older persons, the use of antioxidant vitamin supplements as well as the appropriate level of sodium intake. The understanding of the role of ethnicity in the levels of vitamin D-binding protein has questioned the measurement of 25(OH)vitamin D by itself. Gut microbiota may also appear important for aging. SUMMARY Continuous scientific advances are leading us to question whether some of our nutrient beliefs need to be altered in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Cederholm
- aDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University bDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden cDivisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Martino J, Sebert S, Segura MT, García-Valdés L, Florido J, Padilla MC, Marcos A, Rueda R, McArdle HJ, Budge H, Symonds ME, Campoy C. Maternal Body Weight and Gestational Diabetes Differentially Influence Placental and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:59-68. [PMID: 26513002 PMCID: PMC4701853 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can both contribute to adverse neonatal outcomes. The extent to which this may be mediated by differences in placental metabolism and nutrient transport remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine whether raised maternal body mass index (BMI) and/or GDM contributed to a resetting of the expression of genes within the placenta that are involved in energy sensing, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. METHODS Pregnant women from Spain were recruited as part of the "Study of Maternal Nutrition and Genetics on the Foetal Adiposity Programming" survey at the first antenatal visit (12-20 weeks of gestation) and stratified according to prepregnancy BMI and the incidence of GDM. At delivery, placenta and cord blood were sampled and newborn anthropometry measured. RESULTS Obese women with GDM had higher estimated fetal weight at 34 gestational weeks and a greater risk of preterm deliveries and cesarean section. Birth weight was unaffected by BMI or GDM; however, women who were obese with normal glucose tolerance had increased placental weight and higher plasma glucose and leptin at term. Gene expression for markers of placental energy sensing and oxidative stress, were primarily affected by maternal obesity as mTOR was reduced, whereas SIRT-1 and UCP2 were both upregulated. In placenta from obese women with GDM, gene expression for AMPK was also reduced, whereas the downstream regulator of mTOR, p70S6KB1 was raised. CONCLUSIONS Placental gene expression is sensitive to both maternal obesity and GDM which both impact on energy sensing and could modulate the effect of either raised maternal BMI or GDM on birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martino
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - S Sebert
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M T Segura
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - L García-Valdés
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Florido
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M C Padilla
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - A Marcos
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - R Rueda
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - H J McArdle
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - H Budge
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M E Symonds
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - C Campoy
- Early Life Research Unit (J.M., S.S., H.B., M.E.S.), Division of Child Health and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research (J.M., M.T.S., L.G.-V., C.C.), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (J.F., M.C.P.), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Immunonutrition Research Group (A.M.), Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Abbott Nutrition (R.R.), 18004 Granada, Spain; The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (H.J.M.), University of Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB,United Kingdom; Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu (S.S.), University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Parrella N, Vormittag K. Health Promotion and Wellness. Fam Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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181
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Abstract
Despite its nutritional benefits, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that regular consumption of red meat may negatively impact health and disease risk, including the risk of most common chronic diseases. This chapter reviews the current evidence linking red and processed meat intakes with chronic disease, obesity and mortality risks and discusses possible mechanisms to explain these associations. Research on the health benefits of diets low in red meat, including vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean and other plant-based diets, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Marsh
- Northside Nutrition and Dietetics, Australia
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182
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Tobias DK, Chen M, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Willett W, Hu FB. Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:968-79. [PMID: 26527511 PMCID: PMC4667723 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of low-fat diets for long-term weight loss has been debated for decades, with many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and recent reviews giving mixed results. We aimed to summarise the large body of evidence from RCTs to determine whether low-fat diets contribute to greater weight loss than participants' usual diet, low-carbohydrate diets, and other higher-fat dietary interventions. METHODS We did a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of RCTs comparing the long-term effect (≥1 year) of low-fat and higher-fat dietary interventions on weight loss by searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify eligible trials published from database inception up until July 31, 2014. We excluded trials if one intervention group included a non-dietary weight loss component but the other did not, and trials of dietary supplements or meal replacement drink interventions. Data including the main outcome measure of mean difference in weight change between interventions, and whether interventions were intended to lead to weight loss, weight maintenance, or neither, were extracted from published reports. We estimated the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with a DerSimonian and Laird random effects method. FINDINGS 3517 citations were identified by the search and 53 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 68 128 participants (69 comparisons). In weight loss trials, low-carbohydrate interventions led to significantly greater weight loss than did low-fat interventions (18 comparisons; WMD 1·15 kg [95% CI 0·52 to 1·79]; I(2)=10%). Low-fat interventions did not lead to differences in weight change compared with other higher-fat weight loss interventions (19 comparisons; WMD 0·36 kg [-0·66 to 1·37; I(2)=82%), and led to a greater weight decrease only when compared with a usual diet (eight comparisons; -5·41 kg [-7·29 to -3·54]; I(2)=68%). Similarly, results of non-weight-loss trials and weight maintenance trials, for which no low-carbohydrate comparisons were made, showed that low-fat versus higher-fat interventions have a similar effect on weight loss, and that low-fat interventions led to greater weight loss only when compared with usual diet. In weight loss trials, higher-fat weight loss interventions led to significantly greater weight loss than low-fat interventions when groups differed by more than 5% of calories obtained from fat at follow-up (18 comparisons; WMD 1·04 kg [95% CI 0·06 to 2·03]; I(2)=78%), and when the difference in serum triglycerides between the two interventions at follow-up was at least 0·06 mmol/L (17 comparisons; 1·38 kg [0·50 to 2·25]; I(2)=62%). INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the long-term effect of low-fat diet intervention on bodyweight depends on the intensity of the intervention in the comparison group. When compared with dietary interventions of similar intensity, evidence from RCTs does not support low-fat diets over other dietary interventions for long-term weight loss. FUNDING National Institutes of Health and American Diabetes Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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183
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Nut consumption is inversely associated with both cancer and total mortality in a Mediterranean population: prospective results from the Moli-sani study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:804-11. [PMID: 26313936 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nut intake has been associated with reduced inflammatory status and lower risk of CVD and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nut consumption and mortality and the role of inflammation. We conducted a population-based prospective investigation on 19 386 subjects enrolled in the Moli-sani study. Food intake was recorded by the Italian version of the European Project Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition FFQ. C-reactive protein, leucocyte and platelet counts and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were used as biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow-up of 4·3 years, 334 all-cause deaths occurred. As compared with subjects who never ate nuts, rare intake (≤2 times/month) was inversely associated with mortality (multivariable HR=0·68; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·87). At intake ≥8 times/month, a greater protection was observed (HR=0·53; 0·32, 0·90). Nut intake (v. no intake) conveyed a higher protection to individuals poorly adhering to the Mediterranean diet (MD). A significant reduction in cancer deaths (HR=0·64; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·94) was also observed, whereas the impact on CVD deaths was limited to an inverse, but not significant, trend. Biomarkers of low-grade inflammation were reduced in nut consumers but did not account for the association with mortality. In conclusion, nut intake was associated with reduced cancer and total mortality. The protection was stronger in individuals with lower adherence to MD, whereas it was similar in high-risk groups (diabetics, obese, smokers or those with the metabolic syndrome), as compared with low-risk subjects. Inflammation did not explain the observed relationship.
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Díaz-López A, Babio N, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Amor AJ, Fitó M, Estruch R, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Basora J, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Zanon-Moreno V, Muñoz MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J. Mediterranean Diet, Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Microvascular Diabetes Complications: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:2134-41. [PMID: 26370380 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date no clinical trials have evaluated the role of dietary patterns on the incidence of microvascular diabetes complications. We hypothesized that a nutritional intervention based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) would have greater protective effect on diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy than a low-fat control diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes participating in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study, a multicenter randomized nutritional intervention trial conducted in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Individuals with type 2 diabetes who were free of microvascular complications at enrollment (n = 3,614, aged 55-80 years) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary interventions: MedDiet supplemented with extravirgin olive oil (MedDiet+EVOO), MedDiet supplemented with mixed nuts (MedDiet+Nuts), or a low-fat control diet. Two independent outcomes were considered: new onset of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, we identified 74 new cases of retinopathy and 168 of nephropathy. Compared with the control diet, multivariable-adjusted HRs for diabetic retinopathy were 0.56 (95% CI 0.32-0.97) for the MedDiet+EVOO and 0.63 (0.35-1.11) for the MedDiet+Nuts. No between-group differences were found for nephropathy. When the yearly updated information on adherence to the MedDiet was considered, the HR for retinopathy in the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.34 (0.13-0.89; P = 0.001 for trend). No significant associations were found for nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS A MedDiet enriched with EVOO may protect against diabetic retinopathy but not diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz-López
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Osasunbidea-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Amor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atencion Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud San Pablo, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Josep Basora
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació i Recerca en Atenció Primària (IDIAP)-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Basterra-Gortari
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Osasunbidea-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicente Zanon-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació i Recerca en Atenció Primària (IDIAP)-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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185
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Ramprasath VR, Thandapilly SJ, Yang S, Abraham A, Jones PJH, Ames N. Effect of consuming novel foods consisting high oleic canola oil, barley β-glucan, and DHA on cardiovascular disease risk in humans: the CONFIDENCE (Canola Oil and Fibre with DHA Enhanced) study - protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:489. [PMID: 26518870 PMCID: PMC4628243 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been identified as a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current recommendations for dietary management of people with MetS involve quantitative and qualitative modifications of food intake, such as high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grain foods. The results from our previous human trials revealed the potential of the dietary components high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO)-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and high molecular weight barley β-glucan individually in managing CVD risk factors. Foods with a combination of HOCO-DHA and barley β-glucan have never been tested for their effects on CVD risk. The objective is to determine the effects of consuming novel foods HOCO-DHA, and barley β-glucan on managing CVD risk factors in people with MetS. Methods/Design We are conducting a randomized, single-blind crossover trial with four treatment phases of 28 days each separated by a 4-week washout interval. Participants (n=35) will be provided with weight-maintaining, healthy balanced diet recommendations according to their energy requirements during the intervention periods. Participants will receive muffins and cookies as treatment foods in a random order and will consume at least one meal per day at the research center under supervision. The four treatments include muffins and cookies consisting of (1) all-purpose flour and HOCO-DHA (50 g/day); (2) barley flour (4.36 g/day of β-glucan) and a blend of sunflower oil, safflower oil, and butter as control oil (50 g/day); (3) barley flour (4.36 g/day of β-glucan) and HOCO-DHA (50 g/day; dosage of DHA would be 3 g/day); and (4) all-purpose flour and control oil (50 g/day). At the beginning and end of each phase, we will evaluate anthropometrics; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; blood lipid profile; low-density lipoprotein subfractions and particle size; 10-year Framingham CVD risk score; inflammatory status; and plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles, fecal microbiome, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Conclusion Cholesterol synthesis will also be studied, using a stable isotope approach. The proposed study will lead to innovation of novel food products, which may result in improvement in the overall cardiovascular health of humans. Trial registration Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02091583. Date of registration: 12 March 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanu R Ramprasath
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Sijo J Thandapilly
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Anjalika Abraham
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Nancy Ames
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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186
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Sarna LK, Sid V, Wang P, Siow YL, House JD, O K. Tyrosol Attenuates High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress: Potential Involvement of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Cystathionine γ-Lyase. Lipids 2015; 51:583-90. [PMID: 26518313 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is known for its cardioprotective effects. Recently, its protective qualities have also been reported in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress is one of the important factors responsible for the development and progression of NAFLD. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a multifaceted gasotransmitter, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in NAFLD. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are major enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S synthesis. Since oxidative stress contributes to NAFLD pathogenesis, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tyrosol, a major compound in olive oil and white wine, on high fat diet-induced hepatic oxidative stress and the mechanisms involved. Mice (C57BL/6) were fed for 5 weeks with a control diet (10 % kcal fat), a high fat diet (60 % kcal fat, HFD) or a HFD supplemented with tyrosol. High fat diet feeding induced hepatic oxidative stress, as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity. Tyrosol supplementation significantly increased hepatic CBS and CSE expression and H2S synthesis in high fat diet-fed mice. Such effects were associated with the attenuation of high fat diet-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and the restoration of the redox equilibrium of the antioxidant glutathione. Tyrosol also inhibited palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of tyrosol may be mediated through functional changes in CBS and CSE activity, which might contribute to the hepatoprotective effect of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsei K Sarna
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victoria Sid
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Pengqi Wang
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- CCARM, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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187
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Bertoli S, Leone A, Vignati L, Bedogni G, Martínez-González MÁ, Bes-Rastrollo M, Spadafranca A, Vanzulli A, Battezzati A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with visceral abdominal tissue in Caucasian subjects. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:1266-72. [PMID: 26499033 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & aim: Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is inversely related with abdominal adiposity as detected by waist circumference but the specific association to subcutaneous and visceral abdominal tissue has not been investigated. To this purpose we evaluated the association between MDP, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) abdominal tissue in a large sample of Italian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 4388 consecutive adults (73.2% women) followed as outpatients at Nutritional Research Centre in Milan, ICANS. VAT and SAT were measured by ultrasonography. MDP was evaluated using a Mediterranean dietary score (MEDscore) obtained from a validated 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS At multiple linear regression adjusted for sex, age, smoking and physical activity, a 1-unit increase in MEDscore was associated with a -0.118 kg/m(2) decrease in BMI (p < 0.01), a -0.292 cm decrease in waist circumference (p < 0.01), a -0.002 cm:cm decrease in waist to height ratio (p < 0.001), a -1.125 mm decrease in the sum of 4 skinfolds (p < 0.001), and with a -0.045 cm decrease in VAT (p < 0.05). MEDscore was, however, not associated with SAT. Finally, the adherence to the MDP was a protective factor for obesity (OR = 0.717, 95%CI: 0.555-0.922) and VAT excess (OR = 0.717, 95%CI: 0.530-0.971). CONCLUSION Our study confirms the inverse association between MDP, BMI and waist circumference and adds that the association with abdominal obesity as detected by waist circumference is due to an association with VAT and not with SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Laila Vignati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain; CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain; CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Angela Spadafranca
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Vanzulli
- Division of Radiology, Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
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188
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Babio N, Becerra-Tomás N, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Sayón-Orea C, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Lapetra J, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Díaz-López A, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Salas-Salvadó J. Consumption of Yogurt, Low-Fat Milk, and Other Low-Fat Dairy Products Is Associated with Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in an Elderly Mediterranean Population. J Nutr 2015; 145:2308-16. [PMID: 26290009 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between consumption of dairy products and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between consumption of dairy products (total and different subtypes) and incident MetS in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS We prospectively analyzed 1868 men and women (55-80 y old) without MetS at baseline, recruited from different PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) centers between October 2003 and June 2009 and followed up until December 2010. MetS was defined according to updated, harmonized criteria. At baseline and yearly thereafter, we determined anthropometric variables, dietary habits by a 137-item validated food-frequency questionnaire, and blood biochemistry. Multivariable-adjusted HRs of MetS or its components were estimated for each of the 2 upper tertiles (vs. the lowest one) of mean consumption of dairy products during the follow-up. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.2 y, we documented 930 incident MetS cases. In the multivariable-adjusted model, HRs (95% CIs) of MetS for the comparison of extreme tertiles of dairy product consumption were 0.72 (0.61, 0.86) for low-fat dairy, 0.73 (0.62, 0.86) for low-fat yogurt, 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) for whole-fat yogurt, and 0.80 (0.67, 0.95) for low-fat milk. The respective HR for cheese was 1.31 (1.10, 1.56). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of low-fat dairy products, yogurt (total, low-fat, and whole-fat yogurt) and low-fat milk was associated with a reduced risk of MetS in individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk from a Mediterranean population. Conversely, higher consumption of cheese was related to a higher risk of MetS. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, and Saint Joan de Reus University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, and Saint Joan de Reus University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Emilio Ros
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer, Clinic Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Medical Research Institute of Del Mar Hospital, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), University of Barcelona, XARTA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Seville, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Fiol
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, and Saint Joan de Reus University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, and Saint Joan de Reus University Hospital, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Reus, Spain; Center of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Research Network (PREDIMED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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189
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Esposito K, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Chiodini P, Panagiotakos D, Giugliano D. A journey into a Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008222. [PMID: 26260349 PMCID: PMC4538272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the evidence about the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet on the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetic states. DESIGN A systematic review of all meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the Mediterranean diet with a control diet on the treatment of type 2 diabetes and prediabetic states was conducted. Electronic searches were carried out up to January 2015. Trials were included for meta-analyses if they had a control group treated with another diet, if they were of sufficient duration (at least 6 months), and if they had at least 30 participants in each arm. A random-effect model was used to pool data. PARTICIPANTS Adults with or at risk for type 2 diabetes. INTERVENTIONS Dietary patterns that described themselves as using a 'Mediterranean' dietary pattern. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and remission from the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS From 2824 studies, 8 meta-analyses and 5 RCTs were eligible. A 'de novo' meta-analysis of 3 long-term (>6 months) RCTs of the Mediterranean diet and glycaemic control of diabetes favoured the Mediterranean diet as compared with lower fat diets. Another 'de novo' meta-analysis of two long-term RCTs showed a 49% increased probability of remission from the metabolic syndrome. 5 meta-analyses showed a favourable effect of the Mediterranean diet, as compared with other diets, on body weight, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 2 meta-analyses demonstrated that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduced the risk of future diabetes by 19-23%. CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet was associated with better glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors than control diets, including a lower fat diet, suggesting that it is suitable for the overall management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Esposito
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Dario Giugliano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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190
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Extra virgin olive oil use is associated with improved post-prandial blood glucose and LDL cholesterol in healthy subjects. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e172. [PMID: 26192450 PMCID: PMC4521177 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key component of the Mediterranean diet and seems to account for the protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanism is still elusive. DESIGN We tested the effect of EVOO, added to Mediterranean-type meal, on post-prandial glycemic and lipid profile. SUBJECTS Post-prandial glycemic and lipid profile were investigated in 25 healthy subjects who were randomly allocated in a cross-over design to a Mediterranean-type meal added with or without 10 g EVOO (first study), or Mediterranean-type meal with EVOO (10 g) or corn oil (10 g; second study). Glycemic profile, which included glucose, insulin, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein and activity, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and lipid profile, which included, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C), were analyzed before and 2 h after the meal. RESULTS In the first study, 2 h after meal, subjects who assumed a meal with EVOO had significantly lower blood glucose (P<0.001), DPP-4 protein (P<0.001) and activity (P<0.001), LDL-C (P<0.001) and ox-LDL (P<0.001) and higher insulin (P<0.05), GLP-1 (P<0.001) and GIP (P<0.05) compared with those without EVOO. The second study showed that compared with corn oil, EVOO improved both glycemic and lipid profile. Thus, a significantly smaller increase of glucose (P<0.05), DPP4 protein (P<0.001) and activity (P<0.05) and higher increase of insulin (P<0.001) and GLP-1 (P<0.001) were observed. Furthermore, compared with corn oil, EVOO showed a significantly less increase of LDL-C (P<0.05) and ox-LDL (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time that EVOO improves post-prandial glucose and LDL-C, an effect that may account for the antiatherosclerotic effect of the Mediterranean diet.
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191
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Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Rivas A, Lorenzo-Tovar ML, Tur JA, Olea-Serrano F. Proposal of a Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128594. [PMID: 26035442 PMCID: PMC4452755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies have demonstrated a relationship between Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes, etc. The study aim was to validate a novel instrument to measure MD adherence based on the consumption of food servings and food groups, and apply it in a female population from southern Spain and determining influential factors. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 1,155 women aged 12-83 yrs, classified as adolescents, adults, and over-60-yr-olds. All completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Mediterranean Dietary Serving Score (MDSS) is based on the latest update of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, using the recommended consumption frequency of foods and food groups; the MDSS ranges from 0 to 24. The discriminative power or correct subject classification capacity of the MDSS was analyzed with the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, using the MDS as reference method. Predictive factors for higher MDSS adherence were determined with a logistic regression model, adjusting for age. According to ROC curve analysis, MDSS evidenced a significant discriminative capacity between adherents and non-adherents to the MD pattern (optimal cutoff point=13.50; sensitivity=74%; specificity=48%). The mean MDSS was 12.45 (2.69) and was significantly higher with older age (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed highest MD adherence by over 60-year-olds with low BMI and no habit of eating between meals. CONCLUSIONS The MDSS is an updated, easy, valid, and accurate instrument to assess MD adherence based on the consumption of foods and food groups per meal, day, and week. It may be useful in future nutritional education programs to prevent the early onset of chronic non-transmittable diseases in younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Monteagudo
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Lorca, 30800, Lorca, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Luisa Lorenzo-Tovar
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fátima Olea-Serrano
- Research Group Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment (AGR-255), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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192
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Ruini LF, Ciati R, Pratesi CA, Marino M, Principato L, Vannuzzi E. Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr 2015; 2:9. [PMID: 25988137 PMCID: PMC4428432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition has produced an updated version of the traditional food pyramid based on the Mediterranean diet in order to assess the simultaneous impact that food has on human health and the environment. The Double Pyramid Model demonstrates how the foods recommended to be consumed most frequently are also those exerting less environmental impact, whereas the foods that should be consumed less frequently are those characterized by a higher environmental impact. The environmental impacts resulting from three different menus were compared. All menus were equally balanced and comparable in terms of nutrition, but they differed in relation to the presence of absence of animal flesh and animal products. The first dietary pattern (omnivorous) included both animal flesh and products; the second (lacto-ovo-vegetarian) included animal products (eggs and dairy) but no flesh; and the third (vegan) was solely plant-based. The results obtained suggest that a diet based on the principles of the Mediterranean diet, as suggested by the Double Pyramid, generates a lower environmental impact compared to diets that are heavily based on daily meat consumption.
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193
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Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Corella D, Fitó M, Ros E. Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Insights From the PREDIMED Study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 58:50-60. [PMID: 25940230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) multicenter, randomized, primary prevention trial assessed the long-term effects of the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on clinical events of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We randomized 7447 men and women at high CVD risk into three diets: MeDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), MeDiet supplemented with nuts, and control diet (advice on a low-fat diet). No energy restriction and no special intervention on physical activity were applied. We observed 288 CVD events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or CVD death) during a median time of 4.8years; hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53-0.91) for the MeDiet+EVOO and 0.70 (CI, 0.53-0.94) for the MeDiet+nuts compared to the control group. Respective hazard ratios for incident diabetes (273 cases) among 3541 non-diabetic participants were 0.60 (0.43-0.85) and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) for MeDiet+EVOO and MeDiet+nuts, respectively versus control. Significant improvements in classical and emerging CVD risk factors also supported a favorable effect of both MeDiets on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, lipoprotein particles, inflammation, oxidative stress, and carotid atherosclerosis. In nutrigenomic studies beneficial effects of the intervention with MedDiets showed interactions with several genetic variants (TCF7L2, APOA2, MLXIPL, LPL, FTO, M4CR, COX-2, GCKR and SERPINE1) with respect to intermediate and final phenotypes. Thus, the PREDIMED trial provided strong evidence that a vegetable-based MeDiet rich in unsaturated fat and polyphenols can be a sustainable and ideal model for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA (Navarra Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain; The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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194
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Salas-Salvadó J, Guasch-Ferré M, Lee CH, Estruch R, Clish CB, Ros E. Protective Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr 2015; 146:920S-927S. [PMID: 26962178 PMCID: PMC4807638 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies provide evidence supporting a beneficial effect from the traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This review summarizes the current scientific evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials on the relation between the MedDiet and T2DM and MetS and the possible mechanisms underlying the reported associations. A recent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies showed that greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of diabetes. The MedDiet has also been found to be beneficial in the prevention of gestational diabetes. Four large prospective studies have observed inverse associations between the MedDiet and MetS or its components. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effect of the MedDiet on T2DM and MetS. Results from the landmark PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) nutrition intervention trial showed that participants assigned to the MedDiet had a significant 30% reduction in the risk of T2DM and that it also promoted the reversion of MetS and its components, hyperglycemia and central obesity. In addition, 5 RCTs showed the beneficial effects of the MedDiet compared with other dietary patterns on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. A recent meta-analysis of RCTs revealed that, compared with a variety of control diets, the MedDiet was associated with beneficial effects on all MetS components. Bioactive components of the MedDiet synergize to affect various metabolic pathways, leading to a reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. The abundance of healthy, nutrient-dense foods that make up the plant-based MedDiet predicts its bioactivity and potential to beneficially influence metabolic pathways that lead to MetS and T2DM, as well as other chronic conditions. Abundant epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence supports the role of the MedDiet on the prevention and management of T2DM and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Center, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Division of Biological Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Emilio Ros
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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196
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Health Promotion and Wellness. Fam Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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