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Mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance: differential contributions of chronic insulin and saturated fatty acid exposure in muscle cells. Biosci Rep 2013; 32:465-78. [PMID: 22742515 PMCID: PMC3475448 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia are hallmarks of the insulin-resistant state. We sought to determine the contributions of high insulin and saturated fatty acid exposure to mitochondrial function and biogenesis in cultured myocytes. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were left untreated or exposed to chronic high insulin or high palmitate. Mitochondrial function was determined assessing: oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. We also determined the expression of several mitochondrial genes. Chronic insulin treatment of myotubes caused insulin resistance with reduced PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) signalling. Insulin treatment increased oxygen consumption but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production. ATP cellular levels were maintained through an increased glycolytic rate. The expression of mitochondrial OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) subunits or Mfn-2 (mitofusin 2) were not significantly altered in comparison with untreated cells, whereas expression of PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α) and UCPs (uncoupling proteins) were reduced. In contrast, saturated fatty acid exposure caused insulin resistance, reducing PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) activation while increasing activation of stress kinases JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38. Fatty acids reduced oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential while up-regulating the expression of mitochondrial ETC (electron chain complex) protein subunits and UCP proteins. Mfn-2 expression was not modified by palmitate. Palmitate-treated cells also showed a reduced glycolytic rate. Taken together, our findings indicate that chronic insulin and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance differentially affect mitochondrial function. In both conditions, cells were able to maintain ATP levels despite the loss of membrane potential; however, different protein expression suggests different adaptation mechanisms.
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152
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Abstract
New-onset diabetes after transplantation independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, infections, and graft loss and decreases patient survival. The required balance between insulin sensitivity/resistance and insulin secretion is necessary to maintain normal glucose metabolism. Calcineurin inhibitors are standard immunosuppression drugs used after transplantation and have been implicated in the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation partially by pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and resultant decrease in insulin secretion. The ability of muscle to take up glucose is critical to blood glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle is quantitatively the most important tissue in the body for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and is composed of diverse myofibers that vary in their properties between healthy and insulin-resistant muscle. Various signaling pathways are responsible for remodeling of skeletal muscle, and among these is the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathway. The mechanism of action of the calcineurin inhibitors is to bind in a complex with a binding protein to calcineurin and inhibit its dephosphorylation and activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. In this review, we will provide a detailed discussion of the hypothesis that inhibition of calcineurin in tissues involved in insulin sensitivity/resistance could be at least partially responsible for the diabetogenicity seen with the use of calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini A Chakkera
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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153
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Galazis N, Afxentiou T, Xenophontos M, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Atiomo W. Proteomic biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168:R33-43. [PMID: 23093701 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we attempted to list the proteomic biomarkers of PCOS and T2DM that have been published in the literature so far. We identified eight common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both women with PCOS and T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These include pyruvate kinase M1/M2, apolipoprotein A-I, albumin, peroxiredoxin 2, annexin A2, α-1-B-glycoprotein, flotillin-1 and haptoglobin. These biomarkers could help improve our understanding of the links between PCOS and T2DM and could be potentially used to identify subgroups of women with PCOS at increased risk of T2DM. More studies are required to further evaluate the role these biomarkers play in women with PCOS and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Galazis
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, Nottingham University Hospitals, University of Nottingham D Floor, East Block, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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154
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Yuan H, Niu Y, Liu X, Yang F, Niu W, Fu L. Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle in insulin-resistant mice: response to 6-week aerobic exercise. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53887. [PMID: 23326526 PMCID: PMC3541238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on both weight control and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through a number of specific signaling proteins. To investigate the targets by which exercise exerts its effects on insulin resistance, an approach of proteomic screen was applied to detect the potential different protein expressions from skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant mice after prolonged aerobic exercise training and their sedentary controls. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: 6 mice were fed normal chow (NC) and 12 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to produce an IR model. The model group was then subdivided into HFD sedentary control (HC, n = 6) and HFD exercise groups (HE, n = 6). Mice in HE group underwent 6 weeks of treadmill running. After 6 weeks, mice were sacrificed and skeletal muscle was dissected. Total protein (n = 6, each group) was extracted and followed by citrate synthase, 2D proteome profile analysis and immunoblot. Fifteen protein spots were altered between the NC and HC groups and 23 protein spots were changed between the HC and HE groups significantly. The results provided an array of changes in protein abundance in exercise-trained skeletal muscle and also provided the basis for a new hypothesis regarding the mechanism of exercise ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyan Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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155
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Norheim F, Gjelstad IMF, Hjorth M, Vinknes KJ, Langleite TM, Holen T, Jensen J, Dalen KT, Karlsen AS, Kielland A, Rustan AC, Drevon CA. Molecular nutrition research: the modern way of performing nutritional science. Nutrients 2012. [PMID: 23208524 PMCID: PMC3546614 DOI: 10.3390/nu4121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of amazing progress in food supply and nutritional science, and a striking increase in life expectancy of approximately 2.5 months per year in many countries during the previous 150 years, modern nutritional research has a great potential of still contributing to improved health for future generations, granted that the revolutions in molecular and systems technologies are applied to nutritional questions. Descriptive and mechanistic studies using state of the art epidemiology, food intake registration, genomics with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, advanced biostatistics, imaging, calorimetry, cell biology, challenge tests (meals, exercise, etc.), and integration of all data by systems biology, will provide insight on a much higher level than today in a field we may name molecular nutrition research. To take advantage of all the new technologies scientists should develop international collaboration and gather data in large open access databases like the suggested Nutritional Phenotype database (dbNP). This collaboration will promote standardization of procedures (SOP), and provide a possibility to use collected data in future research projects. The ultimate goals of future nutritional research are to understand the detailed mechanisms of action for how nutrients/foods interact with the body and thereby enhance health and treat diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Ingrid M. F. Gjelstad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Kathrine J. Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Torgrim M. Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Science, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Jorgen.
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anette S. Karlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Anders Kielland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway; (F.N.); (I.M.F.G.); (M.H.); (K.J.V.); (T.M.L.); (T.H.); (K.T.D.); (A.S.K.); (A.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +47-22851392; Fax: +47-22851393
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156
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Peterson MD, Gordon PM, Hurvitz EA, Burant CF. Secondary muscle pathology and metabolic dysregulation in adults with cerebral palsy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1085-93. [PMID: 22912367 PMCID: PMC3492860 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by an insult to or malformation of the developing brain which affects motor control centers and causes alterations in growth, development, and overall health throughout the life span. In addition to the disruption in development caused by the primary neurological insult, CP is associated with exaggerated sedentary behaviors and a hallmark accelerated progression of muscle pathology compared with typically developing children and adults. Factors such as excess adipose tissue deposition and altered partitioning, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation may increase the severity of muscle pathology throughout adulthood and lead to cardiometabolic disease risk and/or early mortality. We describe a model of exaggerated health risk represented in adults with CP and discuss the mechanisms and secondary consequences associated with chronic sedentary behavior, obesity, aging, and muscle spasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel evidence that implicates aberrant inflammation in CP as a potential mechanism linking both metabolic and cognitive dysregulation in a cyclical pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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157
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Abstract
Continuing glucose monitoring (CGM) is a relatively new and rapidly developing technology that shows promise for the future management of type 1 diabetes. When used with near-daily frequency, it has a significant effect on improvement of glucose metabolism as measured by HbA1C and reduction of hypoglycemia. It appears to be safe and actually reduces both DKA and severe hypoglycemia. Early studies indicate that it should be cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Henry Slover
- Barbara Davis Center and The Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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158
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Hoeks J, Schrauwen P. Muscle mitochondria and insulin resistance: a human perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:444-50. [PMID: 22726362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle has been suggested to underlie the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data obtained from human subjects concerning this putative relation indicate that the mitochondrial defect observed in diabetic muscle might be secondary to the insulin-resistant state instead of being a causal factor. Nonetheless, diminished mitochondrial function, even secondary to insulin resistance, may accelerate lipid deposition in non-adipose tissues and aggravate insulin resistance. Indeed, improving mitochondrial capacity via exercise training and calorie restriction is associated with positive metabolic health effects. Here we review muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in humans and propose that targeting muscle mitochondria to improve muscle oxidative capacity should be considered as a strategy for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Hoeks
- NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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159
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Galgani JE, Johannsen NM, Bajpeyi S, Costford SR, Zhang Z, Gupta AK, Ravussin E. Role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial density on exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1387-93. [PMID: 21681225 PMCID: PMC4104481 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial density is proposed to lead to impaired muscle lipid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation in sedentary individuals. We assessed exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation by imposing a prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in men with variable skeletal muscle mitochondrial density as measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity. After a 2-day isoenergetic high-fat diet, lipid oxidation was measured before and during exercise (650 kcal at 50% VO(2)max) in 20 healthy men with either high (HI-CS = 24 ± 1; mean ± s.e.) or low (LO-CS = 17 ± 1 nmol/min/mg protein) muscle CS activity. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Respiratory exchange data and blood samples were collected at rest and throughout the exercise. HI-CS subjects had higher VO(2)max (50 ± 1 vs. 44 ± 2 ml/kg fat free mass/min; P = 0.01), lower fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) (0.81 ± 0.01 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01; P = 0.04) and higher ex vivo muscle palmitate oxidation (866 ± 168 vs. 482 ± 78 nmol/h/mg muscle; P = 0.05) compared to LO-CS individuals. However, whole-body exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation (20 ± 2 g vs. 19 ± 1 g; P = 0.65) and plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, and catecholamine responses were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, in response to the same energy demand during a moderate prolonged exercise bout, reliance on lipid oxidation was similar in individuals with high and low skeletal muscle mitochondrial density. This data suggests that decreased muscle mitochondrial density may not necessarily impair reliance on lipid oxidation over the course of the day since it was normal under a high-lipid oxidative demand condition. Twenty-four-hour lipid oxidation and its relationship with mitochondrial density need to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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160
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Giebelstein J, Poschmann G, Højlund K, Schechinger W, Dietrich JW, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Podwojski K, Stühler K, Meyer HE, Klein HH. The proteomic signature of insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle reveals increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial enzymes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1114-27. [PMID: 22282162 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to obtain a global picture of changes in protein abundance in skeletal muscle in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and those associated with whole-body measures of insulin action. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from ten healthy lean (LE), 11 obese non-diabetic (OB), and ten obese type 2 diabetic participants before and after hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps. Quantitative proteome analysis was performed by two-dimensional differential-gel electrophoresis and tandem-mass-spectrometry-based protein identification. RESULTS Forty-four protein spots displayed significant (p < 0.05) changes in abundance by at least a factor of 1.5 between groups. Several proteins were identified in multiple spots, suggesting post-translational modifications. Multiple spots containing glycolytic and fast-muscle proteins showed increased abundance, whereas spots with mitochondrial and slow-muscle proteins were downregulated in the OB and obese type 2 diabetic groups compared with the LE group. No differences in basal levels of myosin heavy chains were observed. The abundance of multiple spots representing glycolytic and fast-muscle proteins correlated negatively with insulin action on glucose disposal, glucose oxidation and lipid oxidation, while several spots with proteins involved in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function correlated positively with these whole-body measures of insulin action. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial protein abundance together with a shift in muscle properties towards a fast-twitch pattern in the absence of marked changes in fibre-type distribution contribute to insulin resistance in obesity with and without type 2 diabetes. The roles of several differentially expressed or post-translationally modified proteins remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giebelstein
- Medizinische Klinik I, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Klinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
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161
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Pathobiochemical changes in diabetic skeletal muscle as revealed by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:893876. [PMID: 22523676 PMCID: PMC3317182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/893876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissues and diabetes-related muscle weakness are serious pathophysiological problems of increasing medical importance. In order to determine global changes in the protein complement of contractile tissues due to diabetes mellitus, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics has been applied to the investigation of diabetic muscle. This review summarizes the findings from recent proteomic surveys of muscle preparations from patients and established animal models of type 2 diabetes. The potential impact of novel biomarkers of diabetes, such as metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones, is critically examined. Disease-specific signature molecules may be useful for increasing our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance and possibly identify new therapeutic options that counteract diabetic abnormalities in peripheral organ systems. Importantly, the biomedical establishment of biomarkers promises to accelerate the development of improved diagnostic procedures for characterizing individual stages of diabetic disease progression, including the early detection of prediabetic complications.
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162
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Luo M, Mengos AE, Stubblefield TM, Mandarino LJ. High Fat Diet-Induced Changes in Hepatic Protein Abundance in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:60-66. [PMID: 33907358 PMCID: PMC8074682 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to identify novel proteins and pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis and complications of NAFLD. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a 60% (HFD) or 10% (LFD) high or low fat diet. HFD induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (euglycemic clamps, glucose infusion rate: LFD 50.5 ± 6.4 vs. HFD 14.2 ± 9.5 μg/ (g·min); n = 12). Liver proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Numerous hepatic proteins were altered in abundance after 60% HFD feeding. Nine down-regulated and nine up-regulated proteins were selected from this list for detailed analysis based on the criteria of 1.5-fold difference, consistency across replicates, and having at least 2 spectra assigned. Proteins that decreased in abundance were acyl-coA desaturase-I (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L (PKLR), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME-1), ATP-citrate synthase (ACL), ketohexokinase (KHK), long-chain-fatty acid-CoA ligase-5 (ACSL-5) and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-I (CPS-1). Those that increased were KIAA0564, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP-2), liver carboxylesterase-I (CES-1), aminopeptidase N (APN), fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), major urinary protein 2 (MUP-2) and KIAA0664. KIAA0564 and KIAA0664 proteins are uncharacterized and are novel proteins associated with NAFLD. The decreased abundance of normally highly abundant proteins like FAS and CPS-1 was confirmed by Coomassie Blue staining after bands were identified by MS/MS, and immunoblot analysis confirmed the increased abundance of KIAA0664 after 60% HFD feeding. In conclusion, this study shows NAFLD is characterized by changes in abundance of proteins related to cell injury, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Two novel and uncharacterized proteins, KIAA0564 and KIAA0664, may provide insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD induced by lipid oversupply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulun Luo
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - April E Mengos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Tianna M Stubblefield
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona; Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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163
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Snogdal LS, Wod M, Grarup N, Vestmar M, Sparsø T, Jørgensen T, Lauritzen T, Beck-Nielsen H, Henriksen JE, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Højlund K. Common variation in oxidative phosphorylation genes is not a major cause of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:340-8. [PMID: 22095239 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is substantial evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to insulin resistance and is present in several tissues relevant to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Here, we examined whether common variation in genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) contributes to type 2 diabetes susceptibility or influences diabetes-related metabolic traits. METHODS OxPhos gene variants (n = 10) that had been nominally associated (p < 0.01) with type 2 diabetes in a recent genome-wide meta-analysis (n = 10,108) were selected for follow-up in 3,599 type 2 diabetic and 4,956 glucose-tolerant Danish individuals. A meta-analysis of these variants was performed in 11,729 type 2 diabetic patients and 43,943 non-diabetic individuals. The impact on OGTT-derived metabolic traits was evaluated in 5,869 treatment-naive individuals from the Danish Inter99 study. RESULTS The minor alleles of COX10 rs9915302 (p = 0.02) and COX5B rs1466100 (p = 0.005) showed nominal association with type 2 diabetes in our Danish cohort. However, in the meta-analysis, none of the investigated variants showed a robust association with type 2 diabetes after correction for multiple testing. Among the alleles potentially associated with type 2 diabetes, none negatively influenced surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic participants, while the minor alleles of UQCRC1 rs2228561 and COX10 rs10521253 showed a weak (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05) negative influence on indices of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We cannot rule out the possibility that common variants in or near OxPhos genes may influence beta cell function in non-diabetic individuals. However, our quantitative trait studies and a sufficiently large meta-analysis indicate that common variation in proximity to the examined OxPhos genes is not a major cause of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Snogdal
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 4th Floor, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Dupont FO, Gagnon R, Ménard J, Auray-Blais C, Ardilouze JL. Evaluation of the glycemic control in neonates: a novel technical approach for measuring fetal-glycated hemoglobin. J Perinatol 2011; 31:807; author reply 808. [PMID: 22124519 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Involvement of F-actin in chaperonin-containing t-complex 1 beta regulating mouse mesangial cell functions in a glucose-induction cell model. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:565647. [PMID: 22144988 PMCID: PMC3227506 DOI: 10.1155/2011/565647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 beta (CCT2) in the regulation of mouse mesangial cell (mMC) contraction, proliferation, and migration with filamentous/globular-(F/G-) actin ratio under high glucose induction. A low CCT2 mMC model induced by treatment of small interference RNA was established. Groups with and without low CCT2 induction examined in normal and high (H) glucose conditions revealed the following major results: (1) low CCT2 or H glucose showed the ability to attenuate F/G-actin ratio; (2) groups with low F/G-actin ratio all showed less cell contraction; (3) suppression of CCT2 may reduce the proliferation and migration which were originally induced by H glucose. In conclusion, CCT2 can be used as a specific regulator for mMC contraction, proliferation, and migration affected by glucose, which mechanism may involve the alteration of F-actin, particularly for cell contraction.
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166
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Coletta DK, Mandarino LJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance from the outside in: extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton, and mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E749-55. [PMID: 21862724 PMCID: PMC3214002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00363.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a prominent feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The association between mitochondrial changes and insulin resistance is well known. More recently, there is growing evidence of a relationship between inflammation, extracellular remodeling, and insulin resistance. The intent of this review is to propose a potentially novel mechanism for the development of insulin resistance, focusing on the underappreciated connections among inflammation, extracellular remodeling, cytoskeletal interactions, mitochondrial function, and insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. Several sources of inflammation, including expansion of adipose tissue resulting in increased lipolysis and alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, contribute to the insulin resistance observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the experimental model of lipid oversupply, an inflammatory response in skeletal muscle leads to altered expression extracellular matrix-related genes as well as nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes. A similar pattern also is observed in "naturally" occurring insulin resistance in muscle of obese nondiabetic individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. More recently, alterations in proteins (including α-actinin-2, desmin, proteasomes, and chaperones) involved in muscle structure and function have been observed in insulin-resistant muscle. Some of these cytoskeletal proteins are mechanosignal transducers that allow muscle fibers to sense contractile activity and respond appropriately. The ensuing alterations in expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and cytoskeletal proteins may contribute to the mitochondrial changes observed in insulin-resistant muscle. These changes in turn may lead to a reduction in fat oxidation and an increase in intramyocellular lipid, which contributes to the defects in insulin signaling in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K Coletta
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3704, USA
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167
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Everman S, Yi Z, Langlais P, Mandarino LJ, Luo M, Roberts C, Katsanos CS. Reproducibility of an HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the measurement of stable-isotope enrichment of in vivo-labeled muscle ATP synthase beta subunit. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26171. [PMID: 22022551 PMCID: PMC3192170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the reproducibility of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based approach to measure the stable-isotope enrichment of in vivo-labeled muscle ATP synthase β subunit (β-F1-ATPase), a protein most directly involved in ATP production, and whose abundance is reduced under a variety of circumstances. Muscle was obtained from a rat infused with stable-isotope-labeled leucine. The muscle was homogenized, β-F1-ATPase immunoprecipitated, and the protein was resolved using 1D-SDS PAGE. Following trypsin digestion of the isolated protein, the resultant peptide mixtures were subjected to analysis by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, which resulted in the detection of multiple β-F1-ATPase peptides. There were three β-F1-ATPase unique peptides with a leucine residue in the amino acid sequence, and which were detected with high intensity relative to other peptides and assigned with >95% probability to β-F1-ATPase. These peptides were specifically targeted for fragmentation to access their stable-isotope enrichment based on MS/MS peak areas calculated from extracted ion chromatographs for selected labeled and unlabeled fragment ions. Results showed best linearity (R(2) = 0.99) in the detection of MS/MS peak areas for both labeled and unlabeled fragment ions, over a wide range of amounts of injected protein, specifically for the β-F1-ATPase(134-143) peptide. Measured stable-isotope enrichment was highly reproducible for the β-F1-ATPase(134-143) peptide (CV = 2.9%). Further, using mixtures of synthetic labeled and unlabeled peptides we determined that there is an excellent linear relationship (R(2) = 0.99) between measured and predicted enrichment for percent enrichments ranging between 0.009% and 8.185% for the β-F1-ATPase(134-143) peptide. The described approach provides a reliable approach to measure the stable-isotope enrichment of in-vivo-labeled muscle β-F1-ATPase based on the determination of the enrichment of the β-F1-ATPase(134-143) peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Everman
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Paul Langlais
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Moulun Luo
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christine Roberts
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christos S. Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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168
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Burniston JG, Hoffman EP. Proteomic responses of skeletal and cardiac muscle to exercise. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:361-77. [PMID: 21679117 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is effective in the prevention of chronic diseases and confers a lower risk of death in individuals displaying risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. Thus, knowledge of the molecular responses to exercise provides a valuable contrast for interpreting investigations of disease and can highlight novel therapeutic targets. While exercise is an everyday experience and can be conceptualized in simple terms, it is also a complex physiological phenomenon and investigation of exercise responses requires sophisticated analytical techniques and careful standardization of the exercise stimulus. Proteomic investigation of exercise is in its infancy but the ability to link changes in function with comprehensive changes in protein expression and post-translational modification holds great promise for advancing physiology. This article highlights recent pioneering work investigating the effects of exercise in skeletal and cardiac muscle that has uncovered novel mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin G Burniston
- Muscle Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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169
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Szendroedi J, Phielix E, Roden M. The role of mitochondria in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 8:92-103. [PMID: 21912398 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been related to alterations of oxidative metabolism in insulin-responsive tissues. Overt T2DM can present with acquired or inherited reductions of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, submaximal ADP-stimulated oxidative phosphorylation and plasticity of mitochondria and/or lower mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle cells and potentially also in hepatocytes. Acquired insulin resistance is associated with reduced insulin-stimulated mitochondrial activity as the result of blunted mitochondrial plasticity. Hereditary insulin resistance is frequently associated with reduced mitochondrial activity at rest, probably due to diminished mitochondrial content. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can enhance the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial content and improve insulin resistance in some (pre)diabetic cases. Various mitochondrial features can be abnormal but are not necessarily responsible for all forms of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, mitochondrial abnormalities might accelerate progression of insulin resistance and subsequent organ dysfunction via increased production of reactive oxygen species. This Review discusses the association between mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in various tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and heart, with a main focus on studies in humans, and addresses the effects of therapeutic strategies that affect mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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170
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Ghosh S, Lertwattanarak R, Lefort N, Molina-Carrion M, Joya-Galeana J, Bowen BP, de Jesus Garduno-Garcia J, Abdul-Ghani M, Richardson A, DeFronzo RA, Mandarino L, Van Remmen H, Musi N. Reduction in reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria from elderly subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes 2011; 60:2051-60. [PMID: 21677280 PMCID: PMC3142073 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging increases the risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes. It has been proposed that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by dysfunctional mitochondria could play a role in the pathogenesis of these metabolic abnormalities. We examined whether aging per se (in subjects with normal glucose tolerance [NGT]) impairs mitochondrial function and how this relates to ROS generation, whether older subjects with IGT have a further worsening of mitochondrial function (lower ATP production and elevated ROS generation), and whether exercise reverses age-related changes in mitochondrial function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial ATP and ROS production were measured in muscle from younger individuals with NGT, older individuals with NGT, and older individuals with IGT. Measurements were performed before and after 16 weeks of aerobic exercise. RESULTS ATP synthesis was lower in older subjects with NGT and older subjects with IGT versus younger subjects. Notably, mitochondria from older subjects (with NGT and IGT) displayed reduced ROS production versus the younger group. ATP and ROS production were similar between older groups. Exercise increased ATP synthesis in the three groups. Mitochondrial ROS production also increased after training. Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of several electron transport chain proteins with aging, and this was reversed by exercise. CONCLUSIONS Old mitochondria from subjects with NGT and IGT display mitochondrial dysfunction as manifested by reduced ATP production but not with respect to increased ROS production. When adjusted to age, the development of IGT in elderly individuals does not involve changes in mitochondrial ATP and ROS production. Lastly, exercise reverses the mitochondrial phenotype (proteome and function) of old mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ghosh
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Raweewan Lertwattanarak
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Natalie Lefort
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Marjorie Molina-Carrion
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joaquin Joya-Galeana
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Benjamin P. Bowen
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Jose de Jesus Garduno-Garcia
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lawrence Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
- Corresponding author: Nicolas Musi,
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171
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Shi X, Lu XG, Zhan LB, Qi X, Liang LN, Hu SY, Yan Y, Zhao SY, Sui H, Zhang FL. The effects of the Chinese medicine ZiBu PiYin recipe on the hippocampus in a rat model of diabetes-associated cognitive decline: a proteomic analysis. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1888-99. [PMID: 21509442 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increasing evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with an enhanced risk of cognitive decline. The precise mechanisms underlying diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) remain unclear. Here we investigated the molecular changes associated with DACD using a comparative proteomics study of hippocampus in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. In addition, we tested the effects of the Chinese medicine ZiBu PiYin recipe (ZBPYR) on DACD. METHODS The hippocampus was dissected from control, diabetic and diabetic rats treated with ZBPYR (DM/ZBPYR). Soluble proteins were separated using fluorescence-based difference gel electrophoresis. Protein spots were visualised with fluorescent dyes and spot density was compared between each pair of groups. Proteins of interest were identified using mass spectrometry. Proteins of specific interest were also tested by western blot and real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS We found 13 spots that were altered between control and diabetes groups, and 12 spots that were changed between diabetes and DM/ZBPYR groups. The identities of nine proteins were determined by mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were largely involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton regulation and oxidative stress. The protein alterations observed in the diabetes group were ameliorated to varying degrees following ZBPYR treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The protein changes identified in hippocampus from a rat model of type 2 diabetes suggest that specific cellular alterations contribute to DACD. The Chinese medicine ZBPYR was found to affect multiple targets and partially repaired the original cellular balance. This study may provide important insights into the molecular events underlying DACD and allow the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
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172
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Moore JB, Weeks ME. Proteomics and systems biology: current and future applications in the nutritional sciences. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:355-64. [PMID: 22332076 PMCID: PMC3125684 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, advances in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have yielded large-scale datasets that have driven an interest in global analyses, with the objective of understanding biological systems as a whole. Systems biology integrates computational modeling and experimental biology to predict and characterize the dynamic properties of biological systems, which are viewed as complex signaling networks. Whereas the systems analysis of disease-perturbed networks holds promise for identification of drug targets for therapy, equally the identified critical network nodes may be targeted through nutritional intervention in either a preventative or therapeutic fashion. As such, in the context of the nutritional sciences, it is envisioned that systems analysis of normal and nutrient-perturbed signaling networks in combination with knowledge of underlying genetic polymorphisms will lead to a future in which the health of individuals will be improved through predictive and preventative nutrition. Although high-throughput transcriptomic microarray data were initially most readily available and amenable to systems analysis, recent technological and methodological advances in MS have contributed to a linear increase in proteomic investigations. It is now commonplace for combined proteomic technologies to generate complex, multi-faceted datasets, and these will be the keystone of future systems biology research. This review will define systems biology, outline current proteomic methodologies, highlight successful applications of proteomics in nutrition research, and discuss the challenges for future applications of systems biology approaches in the nutritional sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bernadette Moore
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Mark E. Weeks
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, KT15 3NB, UK
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173
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Gelfi C, Vasso M, Cerretelli P. Diversity of human skeletal muscle in health and disease: contribution of proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 74:774-95. [PMID: 21414428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle represents a large fraction of the human body mass. It is an extremely heterogeneous tissue featuring in its contractile structure various proportions of heavy- and light-chain slow type 1 and fast types 2A and 2X myosins, actins, tropomyosins, and troponin complexes as well as metabolic proteins (enzymes and most of the players of the so-called excitation-transcription coupling). Muscle is characterized by wide plasticity, i.e. capacity to adjust size and functional properties in response to endogenous and exogenous influences. Over the last decade, proteomics has become a crucial technique for the assessment of muscle at the molecular level and the investigation of its functional changes. Advantages and shortcomings of recent techniques for muscle proteome analysis are discussed. Data from differential proteomics applied to healthy individuals in normal and unusual environments (hypoxia and cold), in exercise, immobilization, aging and to patients with neuromuscular hereditary disorders (NMDs), inclusion body myositis and insulin resistance are summarized, critically discussed and, when required, compared with homologous data from pertinent animal models. The advantages as well as the limits of proteomics in view of the identification of new biomarkers are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gelfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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174
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Geetha T, Langlais P, Luo M, Mapes R, Lefort N, Chen SC, Mandarino LJ, Yi Z. Label-free proteomic identification of endogenous, insulin-stimulated interaction partners of insulin receptor substrate-1. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:457-466. [PMID: 21472564 PMCID: PMC3072570 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are key to most cellular processes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based proteomics combined with co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) has emerged as a powerful approach for studying protein complexes. However, a majority of systematic proteomics studies on protein-protein interactions involve the use of protein overexpression and/or epitope-tagged bait proteins, which might affect binding stoichiometry and lead to higher false positives. Here, we report an application of a straightforward, label-free CO-IP-MS/MS method, without the use of protein overexpression or protein tags, to the investigation of changes in the abundance of endogenous proteins associated with a bait protein, which is in this case insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), under basal and insulin stimulated conditions. IRS-1 plays a central role in the insulin signaling cascade. Defects in the protein-protein interactions involving IRS-1 may lead to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses identified eleven novel endogenous insulin-stimulated IRS-1 interaction partners in L6 myotubes reproducibly, including proteins play an important role in protein dephosphorylation [protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A, (PPP1R12A)], muscle contraction and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and protein folding, as well as protein synthesis. This novel application of label-free CO-IP-MS/MS quantification to assess endogenous interaction partners of a specific protein will prove useful for understanding how various cell stimuli regulate insulin signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangiah Geetha
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Moulun Luo
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rebekka Mapes
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Natalie Lefort
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shu-Chuan Chen
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873704 ISTB-1, Room 481, LSE-S61 (Lab)/S75 (Office), Tempe, AZ, USA
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175
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Katsanos CS, Mandarino LJ. Protein metabolism in human obesity: a shift in focus from whole-body to skeletal muscle. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:469-75. [PMID: 21164506 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos S Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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176
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Egan B, Dowling P, O'Connor PL, Henry M, Meleady P, Zierath JR, O'Gorman DJ. 2-D DIGE analysis of the mitochondrial proteome from human skeletal muscle reveals time course-dependent remodelling in response to 14 consecutive days of endurance exercise training. Proteomics 2011; 11:1413-28. [PMID: 21360670 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of skeletal muscle to repeated bouts of endurance exercise increases aerobic capacity and improves mitochondrial function. However, the adaptation of human skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome to short-term endurance exercise training has not been investigated. Eight sedentary males cycled for 60 min at 80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak) ) each day for 14 consecutive days, resulting in an increase in VO(2peak) of 17.5±3.8% (p<0.01). Mitochondria-enriched protein fractions from skeletal muscle biopsies taken from m. vastus lateralis at baseline, and on the morning following the 7th and 14th training sessions were subjected to 2-D DIGE analysis with subsequent MS followed by database interrogation to identify the proteins of interest. Thirty-one protein spots were differentially expressed after either 7 or 14 days of training (ANOVA, p<0.05). These proteins included subunits of the electron transport chain, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, phosphotransfer enzymes, and regulatory factors in mitochondrial protein synthesis, oxygen transport, and antioxidant capacity. Several proteins demonstrated a time course-dependent induction during training. Our results illustrate the phenomenon of skeletal muscle plasticity with the extensive remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome occurring after just 7 days of exercise training suggestive of enhanced capacity for adenosine triphosphate generation at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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177
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Lin S, Yang Z, Liu H, Tang L, Cai Z. Beyond glucose: metabolic shifts in responses to the effects of the oral glucose tolerance test and the high-fructose diet in rats. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1537-48. [PMID: 21350749 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fructose diet-fed rats as one of the insulin resistant models was used widely for understanding the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Systems-level metabolic profiling of the rat model, however, has not been deciphered clearly. To address this issue, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to unlock the metabolic snapshots of the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) effect in either healthy or diabetic rats, as well as to delineate the metabolic signatures in tissues of rats fed with high-fructose diet. Several differentiating metabolites were highlighted to reveal the metabolic perturbation of the oGTT effects in healthy and diabetic rats, which involved amino acid biosynthesis, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids and purine metabolism. Surprisingly, the patterns of relationships for the metabolic phenotypes by using data mining revealed that glucose ingestion might induce the healthy group to display its trajectory towards diabetic status, while only a very slight influence was observed on the high-fructose diet-fed rats 120 min after glucose ingestion. The data treatment for liver, skeletal muscle and brain tissues suggested that oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation and the declined antioxidant, the elevated amino acids and the perturbation of fatty acids, were caused by the high-fructose diet in liver and skeletal muscle tissues. On the other hand, the up-regulation in purine biosynthesis and the decreased concentrations for amino acids were observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues. Collectively, the obtained results might provide a new insight not only for the impairment of glucose tolerance but also for the dietary style in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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178
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Giulivi C, Ross-Inta C, Omanska-Klusek A, Napoli E, Sakaguchi D, Barrientos G, Allen PD, Pessah IN. Basal bioenergetic abnormalities in skeletal muscle from ryanodine receptor malignant hyperthermia-susceptible R163C knock-in mice. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:99-113. [PMID: 20978128 PMCID: PMC3013050 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease in humans have been associated with mutations in the skeletal ryanodine receptor (RyR1). Heterozygous mice expressing the human MH/central core disease RyR1 R163C mutation exhibit MH when exposed to halothane or heat stress. Considering that many MH symptoms resemble those that could ensue from a mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g. metabolic acidosis and hyperthermia) and that MH-susceptible mice or humans have a higher than normal cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration at rest, we evaluated the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle from R163C compared with wild type mice under basal (untriggered) conditions. R163C skeletal muscle exhibited a significant increase in matrix Ca(2+), increased reactive oxygen species production, lower expression of mitochondrial proteins, and higher mtDNA copy number. These changes, in conjunction with lower myoglobin and glycogen contents, Myh4 and GAPDH transcript levels, GAPDH activity, and lower glucose utilization suggested a switch to a compromised bioenergetic state characterized by both low oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. The shift in bioenergetic state was accompanied by a dysregulation of Ca(2+)-responsive signaling pathways regulated by calcineurin and ERK1/2. Chronically elevated resting Ca(2+) in R163C skeletal muscle elicited the maintenance of a fast-twitch fiber program and the development of insulin resistance-like phenotype as part of a metabolic adaptation to the R163C RyR1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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179
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Maymone AC, Baillargeon JP, Ménard J, Ardilouze JL. Oral hypoglycemic agents for gestational diabetes mellitus? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 10:227-38. [PMID: 21210750 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2011.521740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most frequent medical complication of pregnancy, is associated with several adverse outcomes over the short- and long-term for both mother and offspring. Standard treatment for GDM consists of insulin injections. Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), on the other hand, are still the subject of controversy. Although OHAs are seemingly as efficient as insulin and may provide better quality of life, congenital malformations and unknown long-term effects are still feared. AREAS COVERED Recent data on the pharmacokinetics of two OHAs (glyburide and metformin) and their clinical use for GDM are reviewed, with a focus on clinical trials and observational studies comparing insulin with glyburide or metformin (1960 - 2010). The review will provide a comprehensive overview of the pros and cons of OHA usage, an appreciation of OHAs' efficiency for the purpose of controlling glycemia and embryogenetic basics relating to congenital malformations. EXPERT OPINION While insulin treatment is an effective therapy for controlling maternal glycemia, it nevertheless requires sufficient education and skills on the part of the patient to manage properly and may cause hypoglycemia, fear and anxiety. Oral treatment as a more user-friendly alternative may thus facilitate the control of GDM in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Maymone
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke (Québec) J1H 5N4, Canada
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180
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Xie X, Yi Z, Bowen B, Wolf C, Flynn CR, Sinha S, Mandarino LJ, Meyer C. Characterization of the Human Adipocyte Proteome and Reproducibility of Protein Abundance by One-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2011; 9:4521-34. [PMID: 20812759 DOI: 10.1021/pr100268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in adipocytes play an important role in various conditions, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, but little is known about alterations at the protein level. We therefore sought to (1) comprehensively characterize the human adipocyte proteome for the first time and (2) demonstrate feasibility of measuring adipocyte protein abundances by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and high performance liquid chromatography-electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In adipocytes isolated from approximately 0.5 g of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of three healthy, lean subjects, we identified a total of 1493 proteins. Triplicate analysis indicated a 22.5% coefficient of variation of protein abundances. Proteins ranged from 5.8 to 629 kDa and included a large number of proteins involved in lipid metabolism, such as fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, lipid storage, lipolysis, and lipid droplet maintenance. Furthermore, we found most glycolysis enzymes and numerous proteins associated with oxidative stress, protein synthesis and degradation as well as some adipokines. 22% of all proteins were of mitochondrial origin. These results provide the first detailed characterization of the human adipocyte proteome, suggest an important role of adipocyte mitochondria, and demonstrate feasibility of this approach to examine alterations of adipocyte protein abundances in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Xie
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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181
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Han D, Moon S, Kim H, Choi SE, Lee SJ, Park KS, Jun H, Kang Y, Kim Y. Detection of Differential Proteomes Associated with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in the Zucker Rat Model Using the iTRAQ Technique. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:564-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sungyoon Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Heesook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Internal Medicine, and Genome Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799 Korea, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Wonchon-dong san 5, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-749 Korea, and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Songdo-dong, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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182
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Ohlendieck K. Proteomics of skeletal muscle glycolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:2089-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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183
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Kussmann M, Panchaud A, Affolter M. Proteomics in nutrition: status quo and outlook for biomarkers and bioactives. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4876-87. [PMID: 20718507 DOI: 10.1021/pr1004339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food and beverages are the only physical matter we take into our body, if we disregard the air we inhale and the drugs we may have to apply. While traditional nutrition research has aimed at providing nutrients to nourish populations and preventing specific nutrient deficiencies, it more recently explores health-related aspects of individual bioactive components as well as entire diets and this at group rather than population level. The new era of nutrition research translates empirical knowledge to evidence-based molecular science. Modern nutrition research focuses on promoting health, preventing or delaying the onset of disease, optimizing performance, and assessing risk. Personalized nutrition is a conceptual analogue to personalized medicine and means adapting food to individual needs. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics build the science foundation for understanding human variability in preferences, requirements, and responses to diet and may become the future tools for consumer assessment motivated by personalized nutritional counseling for health maintenance and disease prevention. The scope of this paper is to review the current and future aspects of nutritional proteomics, focusing on the two main outputs: identification of health biomarkers and analysis of food bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kussmann
- Functional Genomics Group, Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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184
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Lefort N, Glancy B, Bowen B, Willis WT, Bailowitz Z, De Filippis EA, Brophy C, Meyer C, Højlund K, Yi Z, Mandarino LJ. Increased reactive oxygen species production and lower abundance of complex I subunits and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B protein despite normal mitochondrial respiration in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2010; 59:2444-52. [PMID: 20682693 PMCID: PMC3279558 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains elusive. Comparative proteomics are being applied to generate new hypotheses in human biology and were applied here to isolated mitochondria to identify novel changes in mitochondrial protein abundance present in insulin-resistant muscle. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondria were isolated from vastus lateralis muscle from lean and insulin-sensitive individuals and from obese and insulin-resistant individuals who were otherwise healthy. Respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates were measured in vitro. Relative abundances of proteins detected by mass spectrometry were determined using a normalized spectral abundance factor method. RESULTS NADH- and FADH(2)-linked maximal respiration rates were similar between lean and obese individuals. Rates of pyruvate and palmitoyl-DL-carnitine (both including malate) ROS production were significantly higher in obesity. Mitochondria from obese individuals maintained higher (more negative) extramitochondrial ATP free energy at low metabolic flux, suggesting that stronger mitochondrial thermodynamic driving forces may underlie the higher ROS production. Tandem mass spectrometry identified protein abundance differences per mitochondrial mass in insulin resistance, including lower abundance of complex I subunits and enzymes involved in the oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acids (e.g., carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B). CONCLUSIONS We provide data suggesting normal oxidative capacity of mitochondria in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle in parallel with high rates of ROS production. Furthermore, we show specific abundance differences in proteins involved in fat and BCAA oxidation that might contribute to the accumulation of lipid and BCAA frequently associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lefort
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Brian Glancy
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Benjamin Bowen
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Wayne T. Willis
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Zachary Bailowitz
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Colleen Brophy
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Christian Meyer
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J. Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
- Corresponding author: Lawrence J. Mandarino,
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185
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Pazderska A, Wanic K, Nolan JJ. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5:475-477. [PMID: 30780805 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pazderska
- a Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, St James Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Krzysztof Wanic
- a Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, St James Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John J Nolan
- b Metabolic Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, St James Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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186
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Ohlendieck K. Proteomics of skeletal muscle differentiation, neuromuscular disorders and fiber aging. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:283-96. [PMID: 20377394 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are the most abundant cellular structure in the human body. Altered neuromuscular activity, traumatic injury or genetic abnormalities have profound effects on muscle integrity, tissue mass, fiber type distribution, metabolic integration and contractile function. The recent application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has decisively advanced our molecular understanding of numerous physiological adaptations in healthy muscle and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with major muscle diseases. Skeletal muscle proteomics promises to play a major role in the establishment of a disease-specific biomarker signature for the major classes of neuromuscular disorders. New muscle markers will be crucial for the development of improved diagnostics, the monitoring of disease progression, evaluation of drug action and the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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187
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin action and insulin secretion. Although insulin resistance manifests early during the prediabetic state, a failing beta-cell function unable to overcome insulin resistance at target tissues determines the onset of T2DM. This review focuses on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired regulation of the enteroinsular axis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are currently the subjects of intensive research. In addition, the adipose tissue has emerged as a major endocrine organ that secretes a growing list of adipocytokines with diverse central and peripheral metabolic effects. The role of a growing number of candidate genes and transcription factors regulating insulin action and secretion is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjit Tripathy
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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