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Li BW, McNulty SN, Rosa BA, Tyagi R, Zeng QR, Gu KZ, Weil GJ, Mitreva M. Conservation and diversification of the transcriptomes of adult Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:497. [PMID: 27619014 PMCID: PMC5020434 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paragonimiasis is an important and widespread neglected tropical disease. Fifteen Paragonimus species are human pathogens, but two of these, Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini, are responsible for the bulk of human disease. Despite their medical and economic significance, there is limited information on the gene content and expression of Paragonimus lung flukes. Results The transcriptomes of adult P. westermani and P. skrjabini were studied with deep sequencing technology. Approximately 30 million reads per species were assembled into 21,586 and 25,825 unigenes for P. westermani and P. skrjabini, respectively. Many unigenes showed homology with sequences from other food-borne trematodes, but 1,217 high-confidence Paragonimus-specific unigenes were identified. Analyses indicated that both species have the potential for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism but not de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and that they may interact with host signaling pathways. Some 12,432 P. westermani and P. skrjabini unigenes showed a clear correspondence in bi-directional sequence similarity matches. The expression of shared unigenes was mostly well correlated, but differentially expressed unigenes were identified and shown to be enriched for functions related to proteolysis for P. westermani and microtubule based motility for P. skrjabini. Conclusions The assembled transcriptomes of P. westermani and P. skrjabini, inferred proteins, and extensive functional annotations generated for this project (including identified primary sequence similarities to various species, protein domains, biological pathways, predicted proteases, molecular mimics and secreted proteins, etc.) represent a valuable resource for hypothesis driven research on these medically and economically important species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1785-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Wen Li
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha N McNulty
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qing Ren Zeng
- Department of Parasitology, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kong-Zhen Gu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary J Weil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Hayashi K, Mohanta UK, Neeraja T, Itagaki T. Molecular characterization of Fasciola gigantica in Delhi, India and its phylogenetic relation to the species from South Asian countries. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1529-1532. [PMID: 27301703 PMCID: PMC5059385 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to phylogenetically analyze Fasciola gigantica
(F. gigantica) from mainland India and to reveal the expansion history
of F. gigantica in the Indian subcontinent. We analyzed 40
Fasciola flukes that were collected from Delhi, in the Indian mainland,
and identified them as F. gigantica by using nucleotide analyses of the
nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase
delta (pold) genes. Based on the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial
NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene, the flukes had 18 haplotypes.
The haplotypes were classified under haplogroup A, which is predominant in the F.
gigantica of South Asia. The population genetics of haplogroup A revealed that
Delhi population showed higher π value than eastern India population. These results
suggest that F. gigantica of haplogroup A might have spread from the west
to the east in India along with the artificial migration of the domestic Zebu cattle,
Bos indicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Characteristic CT and MR imaging findings of cerebral paragonimiasis. J Neuroradiol 2016; 43:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Echaubard P, Sripa B, Mallory FF, Wilcox BA. The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:381-97. [PMID: 27197053 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated largely by the availability of new technology, biomedical research at the molecular-level and chemical-based control approaches arguably dominate the field of infectious diseases. Along with this, the proximate view of disease etiology predominates to the exclusion of the ultimate, evolutionary biology-based, causation perspective. Yet, historically and up to today, research in evolutionary biology has provided much of the foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease transmission dynamics, virulence, and the design of effective integrated control strategies. Here we review the state of knowledge regarding the biology of Asian liver Fluke-host relationship, parasitology, phylodynamics, drug-based interventions and liver Fluke-related cancer etiology from an evolutionary biology perspective. We consider how evolutionary principles, mechanisms and research methods could help refine our understanding of clinical disease associated with infection by Liver Flukes as well as their transmission dynamics. We identify a series of questions for an evolutionary biology research agenda for the liver Fluke that should contribute to an increased understanding of liver Fluke-associated diseases. Finally, we describe an integrative evolutionary medicine approach to liver Fluke prevention and control highlighting the need to better contextualize interventions within a broader human health and sustainable development framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Echaubard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Frank F Mallory
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Bruce A Wilcox
- Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Luo J, Wang MY, Liu D, Zhu H, Yang S, Liang BM, Liang ZA. Pulmonary Paragonimiasis Mimicking Tuberculous Pleuritis: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3436. [PMID: 27082624 PMCID: PMC4839868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary paragonimiasis is a food-borne zoonosis with a wide variety of radiologic findings, which sometimes can be confused with tuberculosis and carcinoma. Therefore, differential diagnosis is always warranted. A 43-year-old male farmer, with productive cough, blood-tinged sputum and chest pain, as well as patchy consolidation and pleural effusions in chest computer tomography, was misdiagnosed of community-acquired pneumonia and tuberculosis. Complete blood cell count, sputum smear and culture, chest computer tomography, thoracoscopy, and biopsy. The diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis was established due to the finding of Charcot-Leyden crystals in the pleural necrosis, and antibodies against Paragonimus westermani in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paragonimiasis should be considered as a possibility in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. Thoracoscopy is an effective and valuable technology that can help make an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- From the Department of Respiratory Diseases (JL, M-YW, HZ, SY, B-ML, Z-AL); and Critical Care Medicine (DL), West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Krailas D, Veeravechsukij N, Chuanprasit C, Boonmekam D, Namchote S. Prevalence of fish-borne trematodes of the family Heterophyidae at Pasak Cholasid Reservoir, Thailand. Acta Trop 2016; 156:79-86. [PMID: 26796861 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of fish-borne trematodes was investigated in various species of freshwater fish at Pasak Cholasid Reservoir in Thailand. The samples were collected from fish markets around the reservoir between June 2011 and May 2012. A total of 789 fish samples were classified into 25 species. The metacercariae (i.e., the larval stage of trematodes) were examined from 4 parts of the fish body, and evaluated using the compression method. Ten species from two families of the fish collected were found to have trematodes of various infection rates. Among the Cyprinidae there were 9 species: Barbonymus altus (100%; 14/14), Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (88.71%; 55/62), Cyclocheilichthys enoplos (49.53%; 53/107), Hampala dispar (66.67%; 6/9), Henicorhynchus siamensis (23.36%; 25/107), Hypsibarbus wetmorei (85.29%; 58/68), Labiobarbus siamensis (77.78%; 56/72), Osteochilus hasseltii (16.28%; 7/43), and Puntioplites proctozysron (53.97%; 34/63). Among the Eleotridae, only one species Oxyeleotris marmorata was found with an infection rate of 20% (2/10). Based on morphological features and corroborated by molecular genetic data, the fish trematodes were found to represent two species of the Heterophyidae, viz. Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus. Thus, it is evident that freshwater fish from the Pasak Cholasid Reservoir exhibit heterophyid trematode infections.
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Abstract
On Aug 21, 1875, James McConnell published in The Lancet his findings from a post-mortem examination of a 20-year-old Chinese man--undertaken at the Medical College Hospital in Calcutta, India--in whom he found Clonorchis sinensis in the bile ducts. Now, exactly 140 years later, we have a sound understanding of the lifecycle of this liver fluke, including key clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiological features. Developments in the so-called -omics sciences have not only advanced our knowledge of the biology and pathology of the parasite, but also led to the discovery of new diagnostic, drug, and vaccine targets. C sinensis infection is primarily related to liver and biliary disorders, especially cholangiocarcinoma. Clonorchiasis mainly occurs in east Asia, as a result of the region's social-ecological systems and deeply rooted cultural habit of consuming raw freshwater fish. The Kato-Katz technique, applied on fresh stool samples, is the most widely used diagnostic approach. Praziquantel is the treatment of choice and has been considered for preventive chemotherapy. Tribendimidine showed good safety and therapeutic profiles in phase 2 trials and warrants further investigation. Still today, the precise distribution, the exact number of infected people, subtle morbidities and pathogenesis, and the global burden of clonorchiasis are unknown. Integrated control strategies, consisting of preventive chemotherapy; information, education, and communication; environmental management; and capacity building through intersectoral collaboration should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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158
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McCammick EM, McVeigh P, McCusker P, Timson DJ, Morphew RM, Brophy PM, Marks NJ, Mousley A, Maule AG. Calmodulin disruption impacts growth and motility in juvenile liver fluke. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:46. [PMID: 26817678 PMCID: PMC4730779 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deficiencies in effective flukicide options and growing issues with drug resistance make current strategies for liver fluke control unsustainable, thereby promoting the need to identify and validate new control targets in Fasciola spp. parasites. Calmodulins (CaMs) are small calcium-sensing proteins with ubiquitous expression in all eukaryotic organisms and generally use fluctuations in intracellular calcium levels to modulate cell signalling events. CaMs are essential for fundamental processes including the phosphorylation of protein kinases, gene transcription, calcium transport and smooth muscle contraction. In the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, calmodulins have been implicated in egg hatching, miracidial transformation and larval development. Previously, CaMs have been identified amongst liver fluke excretory-secretory products and three CaM-like proteins have been characterised biochemically from adult Fasciola hepatica, although their functions remain unknown. Methods In this study, we set out to investigate the biological function and control target potential of F. hepatica CaMs (FhCaMs) using RNAi methodology alongside novel in vitro bioassays. Results Our results reveal that: (i) FhCaMs are widely expressed in parenchymal cells throughout the forebody region of juvenile fluke; (ii) significant transcriptional knockdown of FhCaM1-3 was inducible by exposure to either long (~200 nt) double stranded (ds) RNAs or 27 nt short interfering (si) RNAs, although siRNAs were less effective than long dsRNAs; (iii) transient long dsRNA exposure-induced RNA interference (RNAi) of FhCaMs triggered transcript knockdown that persisted for ≥ 21 days, and led to detectable suppression of FhCaM proteins; (iv) FhCaM RNAi significantly reduced the growth of juvenile flukes maintained in vitro; (v) FhCaM RNAi juveniles also displayed hyperactivity encompassing significantly increased migration; (vi) both the reduced growth and increased motility phenotypes were recapitulated in juvenile fluke using the CaM inhibitor trifluoperazine hydrochloride, supporting phenotype specificity. Conclusions These data indicate that the Ca2+-modulating functions of FhCaMs are important for juvenile fluke growth and movement and provide the first functional genomics-based example of a growth-defect resulting from gene silencing in liver fluke. Whilst the phenotypic impacts of FhCaM silencing on fluke behaviour do not strongly support their candidature as new flukicide targets, the growth impacts encourage further consideration, especially in light of the speed of juvenile fluke growth in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1324-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McCammick
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Paul McCusker
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - David J Timson
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Russell M Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3FL, UK.
| | - Peter M Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3FL, UK.
| | - Nikki J Marks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Aaron G Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's, University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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159
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Petney TN, Sithithaworn P, Andrews RH, Webster JP. Foodborne trematodes: a diverse and challenging group of neglected parasites. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:1-3. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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160
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161
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Madsen H, Dung BT, The DT, Viet NK, Dalsgaard A, Van PT. The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:625. [PMID: 26642755 PMCID: PMC4672484 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverini (Opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family Heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in Vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. The FZT transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding habitats such as rice fields and irrigation canals and thereby these surrounding habitats may be a source of snails and cercariae and contribute to FZT infection in cultured fish. Methods This is a longitudinal descriptive study on selected farms (n = 30) in Nam Dinh Province which is endemic for FZT. At each farm, we sampled one pond, a small irrigation canal used to supply the pond with water, and a nearby rice field. At each of these three sites, we estimated the density of the FZT intermediate snail hosts and determined their trematode infection status. Comparative analysis was performed for the prevalence and density of FZT infections in fish and snails. Results Species of the Thiaridae, and most notably Melanoides tuberculata, the most important host species for FZT belonging to the Heterophyidae, were particularly abundant in ponds and small canals, i.e. M. tuberculata was found in 27 ponds and 13 small canals. Bithynia fuchsiana, a potential host for both Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, was rarely found in fish ponds but common in rice fields. A total of 12 types of cercariae were found in the snails and pleurolophocercous cercariae, primarily FZT, constituted about 40 % of all cercarial infections. The fish species cultured were mainly carp species and Haplorchis pumilio was the dominating trematode species infecting fish. Clonorchis spp. were not recorded in any of the ponds. FZT transmission to fish was intense during the summer period (May-June to November) but less intense during the winter months (December-January) partly because cercarial emergence ceases due to the low temperature. Conclusion Our findings highlight the complexity of FZT transmission within aquaculture farm settings and suggest that efforts to control these infections must take a holistic approach using interventions against all stages of the transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Madsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Bui Thi Dung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dang Tat The
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Tu Son, Vietnam.
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162
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Ahn M, Woo H, Kang B, Jang Y, Shin T. Effect of oral administration of Kudoa septempunctata genotype ST3 in adult BALB/c mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:35. [PMID: 26630307 PMCID: PMC4668110 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2015035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) infects the muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, Paralichthyidae) in the form of spores. To investigate the effect of K. septempunctata spores in mammals, adult BALB/c mice were fed with spores of K. septempunctata genotype ST3 (1.35 × 105 to 1.35 × 108 spores/mouse). After ingestion of spores, the mice remained clinically normal during the 24-h observation period. No spores were found in any tissue examined by histopathological screening. Quantitative PCR screening of the K. septempunctata 18S rDNA gene revealed that the K. septempunctata spores were detected only in the stool samples from the spore-fed groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that K. septempunctata spores are excreted in faeces and do not affect the gastrointestinal tract of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochoon Woo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjo Kang
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeounghwan Jang
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Pyoseon-myeon, Segwipo-si, Jeju 63629, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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163
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Krauth SJ, Musard C, Traoré SI, Zinsstag J, Achi LY, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J. Access to, and use of, water by populations living in a schistosomiasis and fascioliasis co-endemic area of northern Côte d'Ivoire. Acta Trop 2015; 149:179-85. [PMID: 26004285 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Water is an essential element of life, but it can also be a source of disease. Apart from direct consumption of unsafe water, direct contact and indirect consumption puts people at risk of many different types of pathogens. Employing a mixed methods approach, consisting of questionnaires and direct observations, we assessed access to, and use of, different water sources by the participants of the district des Savanes in northern Côte d'Ivoire. The use of water sources was put in relation to the potential risk of acquiring schistosomiasis and fascioliasis. Overall, 489 people aged 8 to 82 years participated. While all participants had access to safe water, 63% were in direct contact with unimproved water and 31% directly consumed unsafe water. More than a third of the people who otherwise reported using only improved water for all activities came in contact with unimproved water through crossing open water when going to their workplace, school or other destinations. Self-reported blood in urine - a marker for Schistosoma haematobium with reasonable sensitivity and specificity - was reported by 6% (n=30), self-reported blood in stool - an unspecific marker for Schistosoma mansoni - was reported by 7% (n=35), while blood co-occurring in both urine and stool was reported by another 10% (n=48) of participants. Accessing unimproved water for any activity (including crossing) was associated with higher odds of reporting blood in urine and/or blood in stool (odds ratio: 1.90; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.36). Our results have important rami-fications for intervention programmes targeting neglected tropical diseases, and emphasize the need for a wider supply of safe water to rural populations, since the water supply at the workplace needs to be considered as well next to the water supply at home. Crossing of open water sources is an important risk factor for sustained transmission of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J Krauth
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Capucine Musard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seïdinan I Traoré
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Laboratoire Regional d'Appui au Développement Agricole de Korhogo, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Y Achi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Ecole de Spécialisation en Elevage de Bingerville, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Eliézer K N'Goran
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Lindner A, Weber C, Rittweger M, Stocker H, Arastéh K. Akute rechtsseitige Oberbauchschmerzen bei einem 55-jährigen thailändischen Patienten. Internist (Berl) 2015; 56:944-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-015-3750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xia J, Jiang SC, Peng HJ. Association between Liver Fluke Infection and Hepatobiliary Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132673. [PMID: 26186510 PMCID: PMC4506038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide information about the role of liver fluke infection as a risk factor for hepatobiliary pathological changes and promote awareness among the people living in endemic areas, a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted to examine the association between liver fluke infection and hepatobiliary pathological changes. METHODS Relevant original literature was searched in multiple literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Clinical Evidence, Trip Database, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the Wanfang academic journal full-text database. Studies were selected based on strict screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tests of heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias were performed with the Review Manager software, version 5.3, and meta-regression analyses were performed with the Stata software, version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated and used to evaluate the risk of hepatobiliary pathological changes resulting from liver fluke infection. Linear trend analyses were conducted to determine the dose-response relationship using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULT A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between liver fluke infection and cholangitis or cholecystitis (RR: 7.80, P<0.001; OR: 15.98, P<0.001), cholelithiasis (RR: 2.42, P = 0.03; OR: 4.96, P = 0.03), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR: 4.69, P<0.001) and cholangiocarcinoma (RR: 10.43, P<0.001; OR: 4.37, P<0.001). In addition, heavier infection was significantly associated with higher incidence of hepatobiliary pathological changes (P<0.05). However, cirrhosis was not significantly associated with liver fluke infection (RR: 3.50, P = 0.06; OR: 5.79, P = 0.08). The statistical heterogeneity was significant, no significant difference was observed in the sensitivity analysis, and no publication bias was found. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis found that liver fluke infection was significantly associated with cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and that more severe infection was associated with higher incidence. However, the association between liver fluke infection and cirrhosis was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-chen Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
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Qian MB, Chen YD, Yang YC, Lu MF, Jiang ZH, Wei K, Wei SL, Zhou CH, Xu LQ, Zhou XN. Increasing prevalence and intensity of foodborne clonorchiasis, Hengxian County, China, 1989-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1872-5. [PMID: 25340976 PMCID: PMC4214287 DOI: 10.3201/eid2011.131309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During 1989–2011, three parasitic disease surveys were conducted in Hengxian County, China, where soil-transmitted helminthiases and foodborne clonorchiasis are endemic. We compared the data and found that the prevalence of helminthiases decreased and the prevalence and intensity of clonorchiasis increased over time, especially among men. Clonorchiasis control/intervention measures are urgently needed in this area.
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Khuntikeo N, Chamadol N, Yongvanit P, Loilome W, Namwat N, Sithithaworn P, Andrews RH, Petney TN, Promthet S, Thinkhamrop K, Tawarungruang C, Thinkhamrop B. Cohort profile: cholangiocarcinoma screening and care program (CASCAP). BMC Cancer 2015; 15:459. [PMID: 26054405 PMCID: PMC4459438 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an extremely aggressive cancer that is usually fatal. Although globally morbidity and mortality are increasing, knowledge of the disease remains limited. The Mekong region of Southeast Asia, and particularly the northeast of Thailand, has by far the highest incidence of CCA worldwide with 135.4 per 100,000 among males and 43.0 per 100,000 among females being reported in Khon Kaen Province. Most patients are first seen during late stage disease with 5-year survival being less than 10%. Starting in 1984, control and prevention strategies have been focused on health education. Although early detection can substantially increase 5-year survival, there are currently no strategies to increase early diagnosis. METHODS/DESIGN The Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) is a prospective cohort study comprising two cohorts- the screening and the patient cohorts. For the screening cohort, ultrasound examination will be carried out regularly at least annually to determine whether there is current bile duct and/or liver pathology so that the optimal screening program for early diagnosis can be established. This cohort is expected to include at least 150,000 individuals coming from high-risk areas for CCA. For the patient cohort, it is estimated that about 25,000 CCA patients will be included during the 5-year recruitment period. All CCA patients will be treated according to routine clinical care and followed so that effective surgical treatment can be formulated. This cohort is indeed a conventional cancer registry. Thus, CASCAP is an ongoing project in which the number of participants changes dynamically. DISCUSSIONS This is the first project on CCA that involves screening the at risk population at the community level. At the time of preparing this report, a total of 85,927 individuals have been enrolled in the screening cohort, 55.0% of whom have already undergone ultrasound screening, and 2661 CCA cases have been enrolled in the patient cohort. Among the participants of the screening, whose mean age was 53.8±9.8 years, 55.6% were female, 77.5% attained primary school as the highest level of education, 79.9% were farmers, 29.9%, reported having relatives with CCA, 89.1% had eaten uncooked fish, and 42.2% of those who had been tested for liver fluke were found to be infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Supannee Promthet
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kavin Thinkhamrop
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Tawarungruang
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bandit Thinkhamrop
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Data Management and Statistical Analysis Center (DAMASAC), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Breugelmans B, Ansell BRE, Young ND, Amani P, Stroehlein AJ, Sternberg PW, Jex AR, Boag PR, Hofmann A, Gasser RB. Flatworms have lost the right open reading frame kinase 3 gene during evolution. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9417. [PMID: 25976756 PMCID: PMC4894443 DOI: 10.1038/srep09417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All multicellular organisms studied to date have three right open reading frame kinase genes (designated riok-1, riok-2 and riok-3). Current evidence indicates that riok-1 and riok-2 have essential roles in ribosome biosynthesis, and that the riok-3 gene assists this process. In the present study, we conducted a detailed bioinformatic analysis of the riok gene family in 25 parasitic flatworms (platyhelminths) for which extensive genomic and transcriptomic data sets are available. We found that none of the flatworms studied have a riok-3 gene, which is unprecedented for multicellular organisms. We propose that, unlike in other eukaryotes, the loss of RIOK-3 from flatworms does not result in an evolutionary disadvantage due to the unique biology and physiology of this phylum. We show that the loss of RIOK-3 coincides with a loss of particular proteins associated with essential cellular pathways linked to cell growth and apoptosis. These findings indicate multiple, key regulatory functions of RIOK-3 in other metazoan species. Taking advantage of a known partial crystal structure of human RIOK-1, molecular modelling revealed variability in nucleotide binding sites between flatworm and human RIOK proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Breugelmans
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parisa Amani
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas J Stroehlein
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- HHMI, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Boag
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- 1] Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites in Cats from China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:967238. [PMID: 26078975 PMCID: PMC4442275 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of intestinal parasites in cats from China was largely unknown prior to this study. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of intestinal parasites in cats from central China and also identify risk factors for parasitism. Fecal samples from 360 cats were examined using sugar flotation procedure and fecal smear test by microscope. Cats had mixed two or three kinds of parasites infections. Of the 360 cats feces, intestinal parasites positive feces were 149 (41.39%). 64 (17.78%) were infected with Toxocara cati, 61 (16.94%) with Isospora felis, 41 (11.39%) with Isospora rivolta, 33 (9.17%) with Paragonimus, 23 (6.39%) with hookworms, 11 (3.06%) with Toxoplasma-like oocysts, 10 (2.78%) with Trichuris, 4 (1.11%) with lungworm, 2 (0.56%) with Sarcocystis, and 1 (0.28%) with Trematode. The cats' living outdoor was identified as risk factor by statistical analysis. These results provide relevant basic data for assessing the infection of intestinal parasites in cats from central region of China. In conclusion, there was high prevalence of intestinal parasites in cats from China.
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170
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Hayashi K, Ichikawa-Seki M, Mohanta UK, Singh TS, Shoriki T, Sugiyama H, Itagaki T. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fasciola flukes from eastern India. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:334-8. [PMID: 25936970 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola flukes from eastern India were characterized on the basis of spermatogenesis status and nuclear ITS1. Both Fasciola gigantica and aspermic Fasciola flukes were detected in Imphal, Kohima, and Gantoku districts. The sequences of mitochondrial nad1 were analyzed to infer their phylogenetical relationship with neighboring countries. The haplotypes of aspermic Fasciola flukes were identical or showed a single nucleotide substitution compared to those from populations in the neighboring countries, corroborating the previous reports that categorized them in the same lineage. However, the prevalence of aspermic Fasciola flukes in eastern India was lower than those in the neighboring countries, suggesting that they have not dispersed throughout eastern India. In contrast, F. gigantica was predominant and well diversified, and the species was thought to be distributed in the area for a longer time than the aspermic Fasciola flukes. Fasciola gigantica populations from eastern India were categorized into two distinct haplogroups A and B. The level of their genetic diversity suggests that populations belonging to haplogroup A have dispersed from the west side of the Indian subcontinent to eastern India with the artificial movement of domestic cattle, Bos indicus, whereas populations belonging to haplogroup B might have spread from Myanmar to eastern India with domestic buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Uday Kumar Mohanta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - T Shantikumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Takuya Shoriki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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Alvarez Rojas CA, Ansell BRE, Hall RS, Gasser RB, Young ND, Jex AR, Scheerlinck JPY. Transcriptional analysis identifies key genes involved in metabolism, fibrosis/tissue repair and the immune response against Fasciola hepatica in sheep liver. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:124. [PMID: 25885344 PMCID: PMC4382932 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fascioliasis has been relatively well studied, little is known about the molecular basis of this disease. This is particularly relevant, considering the very different response that sheep have to Fasciola hepatica relative to cattle. The acute phase of this disease is severe in sheep, whereas chronic fascioliasis is more common in cattle. METHODS To begin to explore the host-response to Fasciola in sheep and improve the understanding of the host-pathogen interactions during the parasite's migration through liver parenchyma to the bile duct, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate livers from sheep infected for eight weeks compared with those from uninfected controls. RESULTS This study identified 572 and 42 genes that were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in infected livers relative to uninfected controls. Our molecular findings provide significant new insights into the mechanisms linked to metabolism, fibrosis and tissue-repair in sheep, and highlight the relative importance of specific components of immune response pathways, which appear to be driven toward a suppression of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study is, to our knowledge, the first detailed investigation of the transcriptomic responses in the liver tissue of any host to F. hepatica infection. It defines the involvement of specific genes associated with the host's metabolism, immune response and tissue repair/regeneration, and highlights an apparent overlapping function of many genes involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ross S Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Neil D Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Jean-Pierre Y Scheerlinck
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Ahn CS, Na BK, Chung DL, Kim JG, Kim JT, Kong Y. Expression characteristics and specific antibody reactivity of diverse cathepsin F members of Paragonimus westermani. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Susceptibility, metacercarial burden, and mortality of juvenile silver barb, common carp, mrigal, and tilapia following exposure to Haplorchis taichui. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1433-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hung NM, Dung DT, Lan Anh NT, Van PT, Thanh BN, Van Ha N, Van Hien H, Canh LX. Current status of fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections in Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:21. [PMID: 25586313 PMCID: PMC4299372 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ninh Binh province is known as an endemic area of fish-borne zoonotic trematode (FZT) transmission in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gia Minh and Gia Thinh communes of Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province to investigate the infections with different stages of FZT in various host species. METHODS Faecal samples from 1,857 humans were examined for trematode eggs using the Kato-Katz method, while faecal samples from 104 dogs, 100 cats, and 100 pigs were examined using the Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). A total of 483 specimens of freshwater fish, representing 9 species, were examined for metacercariae using the artificial digestion method. Three methods of cercarial detection (shedding, crushing and cutting) were applied for examination of 3,972 specimens of freshwater snails, representing 7 species. All relevant data e.g. location, sex, age group, animal species, and habitat were recorded for statistical analyses. RESULTS Helminth eggs were found in 65.5% of the human faecal samples, including 20.5% of faecal samples containing small trematode eggs. Infection with small trematodes differed among communes, age groups and sexes. Eggs of small trematodes were found in 32.7% of faecal samples from dogs, 49.0% from cats and 13.0% from pigs. The difference in prevalences and intensities were significant among species of animals but did not differ between the two communes. All fish species were infected with FZT, with an average prevalence of 56.1% and a mean intensity of 33.245 metacercariae per gram. Prevalence and intensity in fish differed significantly among cummunes and fish groups. Six species of zoonotic trematodes were identified. Metacercariae of the small liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, was only found in Hemiculter leucisculus. A total of 9 specimens from two snail species, Melanoides tuberculata and Bithynia fuchsiana, were infected with trematodes and four cercarial types were detected in the study sites. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Gia Minh and Gia Thinh communes are continuing to be hot-spot endemic areas of FZT and other helminths infections where the habit of eating raw fish by the local people is still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Hung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Do Trung Dung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), 245 Luong The Vinh St., Thanh Xuan district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Trinh St., Dong Da district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phan Thi Van
- Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
| | - Bui Ngoc Thanh
- Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 1 (RIA1), Dinh Bang, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Van Ha
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Hoang Van Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Le Xuan Canh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Abstract
OBJECT The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, existing problems, and treatment experiences in recently diagnosed cerebral paragonimiasis (CP) cases and sought to raise awareness of CP and to supply reference data for early diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Twenty-seven patients (22 male and 5 female; median age 20.3 years, range 4-47 years) with CP were diagnosed between September 2008 and September 2013. These diagnoses were confirmed by IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Follow-up was performed in 24 cases for a period of 6-56 months. RESULTS Cerebral paragonimiasis accounted for 21.6% of paragonimiasis cases (27 of 125). The average duration from onset to praziquantel treatment was 69 days. All patients resided in rural areas. Twenty patients had positive lung results, which included visible lung lesions in 14 cases. The lesions were surgically removed in 8 of these cases. Twenty-four patients had high eosinophil counts (≥ 0.08 × 10(9)/L), and eosinophilic meningitis was noted in 17 cases. The rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis was 30.4%. Most symptoms were markedly improved after treatment, but mild movement disorders combined with impaired memory and personality changes remained in a small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of CP in young patients (4-16 years) with the primary symptoms of epilepsy and hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the need for surgery and further impairments to brain function. Liquid-based cytological examination of CSF and peripheral blood eosinophil counts can aid in differentiating CP from similar lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Arimatsu Y, Kaewkes S, Laha T, Sripa B. Specific diagnosis of Opisthorchis viverrini using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting parasite microsatellites. Acta Trop 2015; 141:368-71. [PMID: 25268466 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini and other food-borne trematode infections are major health problems in Thailand, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Vietnam and Cambodia. Differential diagnosis of O. viverrini based on the microscopic observation of parasite eggs is difficult in areas where Clonorchis sinensis and minute intestinal flukes coexist. Recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used for detection and identification of trematode for its simple method that is useful in low-resource or field settings. We have reported ITS1-LAMP assay to detect O. viverrini infection from human feces. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was 100% and 61.5%. The sensitivity of the test appeared to be higher than microscopic egg examination; however non-specific amplification from other parasites could not be ruled out. We therefore targeted microsatellites of O. viverrini that is a species specific sequence. By using hydroxyl naphthol blue (HNB)-LAMP, O. viverrini microsatellite 6 (OVMS6) could specifically amplify DNA from O. viverrini genome, but not other parasites such as C. sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, Centrocestus caninus, Haplorchis taichui, Fasciola gigantica and Haplorchoodes sp. The detection limit of the test is 1 ng genomic DNA, which was 1000 times lower than the ITS1-LAMP, but targeting microstellites showed more specific detection of O. viverrini. In addition, the colorimetric LAMP assay was simple and effective; this makes it potentially applicable for point-of-care diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Arimatsu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Kaewkes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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177
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Utzinger J, Brattig NW, Leonardo L, Zhou XN, Bergquist R. Progress in research, control and elimination of helminth infections in Asia. Acta Trop 2015; 141:135-45. [PMID: 25446170 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Global health has substantially improved over the past 20 years. In low- and middle-income countries, in particular, great strives have been made in the control of communicable diseases, including helminth infections. Nevertheless, the most marginalised communities still suffer from infectious diseases that are intimately connected with poverty and lack of access to essential commodities and services, such as clean water, improved sanitation and sufficient food. A two-pronged approach is thus necessary: (i) intensifying control in remaining high-endemicity areas and pockets of high transmission; and (ii) moving from morbidity control to interruption of disease transmission in low-endemicity areas with the goal of local elimination. The latter will require new tools and strategies, going hand-in-hand with strong partnerships and new strategic alliances. In this special issue of Acta Tropica, 35 articles are featured that, together, provide an up-to-date overview of the latest progress made in research, control and elimination of helminth infections in East and Southeast Asia. The first 12 articles expound tools and approaches for improved detection, surveillance and monitoring of helminth infections. Control and elimination approaches for the most important helminth infections are revisited in the next 20 articles. The three remaining articles are cross-cutting pieces examining the interface of agriculture, environment and helminth infections and providing a rationale for integrated, multi-sectorial control approaches that are necessary for sustaining helminthiasis control and progressively moving towards elimination. An interesting aspect revealed through an in-depth analysis of the provenance of the 35 contributions is that the People's Republic of China emerges as a key player in global health, which is documented through its prominent role in research and control of helminth infection and networking throughout Asia. Policy implications are discussed and will hopefully shape the future agenda for the control and elimination of helminth infections the world over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Norbert W Brattig
- Tropical Medicine Section, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Leonardo
- College of Public Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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178
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Nakagawa J, Ehrenberg JP, Nealon J, Fürst T, Aratchige P, Gonzales G, Chanthavisouk C, Hernandez LM, Fengthong T, Utzinger J, Steinmann P. Towards effective prevention and control of helminth neglected tropical diseases in the Western Pacific Region through multi-disease and multi-sectoral interventions. Acta Trop 2015; 141:407-18. [PMID: 23792012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) cause serious health, social and economic burdens in the countries of the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Among the NTDs, helminth infections are particularly prominent with regard to the number of infected individuals and health impact. Co-endemicity is common among impoverished and marginalized populations. To achieve effective and sustainable control of helminth NTDs, a deeper understanding of the social-ecological systems governing their endemicity and strategies beyond preventive chemotherapy are required to tackle the multiple causes of infection and re-infection. We discuss the feasibility of implementing multi-disease, multi-sectoral intervention packages for helminth NTDs in the Western Pacific Region. After reviewing the main determinants for helminth NTD endemicity and current control strategies, key control activities that involve or concern other programmes within and beyond the health sector are discussed. A considerable number of activities that have an impact on more than one helminth NTD are identified in a variety of sectors, suggesting an untapped potential for synergies. We also highlight the challenges of multi-sectoral collaboration, particularly of involving non-health sectors. We conclude that multi-sectoral collaboration for helminth NTD control is feasible if the target diseases and sectors are carefully selected. To do so, an incentive analysis covering key stakeholders in the sectors is crucial, and the disease-control strategies need to be well understood. The benefits of multi-disease, multi-sectoral approaches could go beyond immediate health impacts by contributing to sustainable development, raising educational attainment, increasing productivity and reducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakagawa
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - John P Ehrenberg
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Joshua Nealon
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Thomas Fürst
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Padmasiri Aratchige
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Glenda Gonzales
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Chitsavang Chanthavisouk
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Division of Combating Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 2932, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Leda M Hernandez
- Infectious Disease Office, National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Health, Sta. Cruz, 1000 Manila, Philippines
| | - Tayphasavanh Fengthong
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1232, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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179
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Phan DTT, Srikitjakarn L, Tiwananthagorn S, Thai PTT, Baumann MP, Paulsen P. A survey of Alaria alata mesocercariae in slaughter pigs (Sus scrofa domestica, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mekong delta area, Vietnam. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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180
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Bless PJ, Schär F, Khieu V, Kramme S, Muth S, Marti H, Odermatt P. High prevalence of large trematode eggs in schoolchildren in Cambodia. Acta Trop 2015; 141:295-302. [PMID: 25250828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Large trematode eggs (LTE) resembling Fasciola spp. eggs were reportedly found in the stools of schoolchildren in Kandal province, Cambodia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of LTE in the stools of children attending the affected school, identify potential risk factors for infection and ascertain the trematode species. We performed a cross-sectional study involving an in-depth questionnaire administered to schoolchildren at the affected school, and examined cattle droppings in the surrounding area and the livers of slaughtered cattle. Three stool samples were examined per child, using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration techniques. In addition, blood serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and coprological polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted for species clarification. Cattle droppings were examined by cup sedimentation and coprological ELISA. LTE were observed in the stools of 106 schoolchildren (46.5%). Two blood serum samples from schoolchildren were positive for Fasciola hepatica in a first ELISA but were negative in a confirmation immunofluorescence antibody test. Out of 221 PCR samples, only one tested positive for Fasciola spp. and none for Fasciolopsis buski. The consumption of raw aquatic plants (odds ratio (OR)=3.3) and fermented fish sauce (OR=2.1) were significantly associated with LTE in the stool. Fasciola spp. flukes were observed in 18.3% of 191 cattle livers. The prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle droppings was 88.8%. The low prevalence of schoolchildren that tested positive for Fasciola spp. with specific molecular diagnostics and who had no diagnostic evidence of F. buski strongly indicates that the majority of microscopically observed LTE are from Echinostoma spp. Fasciola spp. transmission from cattle to human is possible and public health services need to be alerted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp J Bless
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schär
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virak Khieu
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland; National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Stefanie Kramme
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sinuon Muth
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hanspeter Marti
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Odermatt
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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181
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Integrated parasite management: path to sustainable control of fishborne trematodes in aquaculture. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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182
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Pedersen UB, Stendel M, Midzi N, Mduluza T, Soko W, Stensgaard AS, Vennervald BJ, Mukaratirwa S, Kristensen TK. Modelling climate change impact on the spatial distribution of fresh water snails hosting trematodes in Zimbabwe. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:536. [PMID: 25498001 PMCID: PMC4299310 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts for a number of trematodes of which some are of medical and veterinary importance. The trematodes rely on specific species of snails to complete their life cycle; hence the ecology of the snails is a key element in transmission of the parasites. More than 200 million people are infected with schistosomes of which 95% live in sub-Saharan Africa and many more are living in areas where transmission is on-going. Human infection with the Fasciola parasite, usually considered more of veterinary concern, has recently been recognised as a human health problem. Many countries have implemented health programmes to reduce morbidity and prevalence of schistosomiasis, and control programmes to mitigate food-borne fascioliasis. As these programmes are resource demanding, baseline information on disease prevalence and distribution becomes of great importance. Such information can be made available and put into practice through maps depicting spatial distribution of the intermediate snail hosts. Methods A biology driven model for the freshwater snails Bulinus globosus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis was used to make predictions of snail habitat suitability by including potential underlying environmental and climatic drivers. The snail observation data originated from a nationwide survey in Zimbabwe and the prediction model was parameterised with a high resolution Regional Climate Model. Georeferenced prevalence data on urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis and fascioliasis was used to calibrate the snail habitat suitability predictions to produce binary maps of snail presence and absence. Results Predicted snail habitat suitability across Zimbabwe, as well as the spatial distribution of snails, is reported for three time slices representative for present (1980-1999) and future climate (2046-2065 and 2080-2099). Conclusions It is shown from the current study that snail habitat suitability is highly variable in Zimbabwe, with distinct high- and low- suitability areas and that temperature may be the main driving factor. It is concluded that future climate change in Zimbabwe may cause a reduced spatial distribution of suitable habitat of host snails with a probable exception of Bi. pfeifferi, the intermediate host for intestinal schistosomiasis that may increase around 2055 before declining towards 2100. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0536-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik B Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | - Nicholas Midzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe. .,National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - White Soko
- National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe. .,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Anna-Sofie Stensgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte J Vennervald
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Thomas K Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. .,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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183
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Tandon V, Shylla JA, Ghatani S, Athokpam VD, Sahu R. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Trematodiases—The Indian Scenario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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184
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Yahata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y, Ohnishi T, Toyokawa T, Nakamura N, Taniguchi K, Okabe N. Kudoa septempunctata-induced gastroenteritis in humans after flounder consumption in Japan: a case-controlled study. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 68:119-23. [PMID: 25420663 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Raw fish consumption is increasing worldwide. Since around the year 2000, western regions of Japan have reported a foodborne disease of unknown cause that occurred after the consumption of flounder. In October 2010, a particularly large outbreak was reported in these regions among individuals who consumed flounder fish that had been raised in aquaculture systems. The median incubation period was 5 h (range, 4-19 h), and the most frequently reported symptom was diarrhea (80%). The risk estimate of the consumption of flounder was significantly higher than that of the development of symptoms (odds ratio=9.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-∞). According to a trace-back investigation, all of the flounder responsible for the outbreak were raised in aquaculture systems. Microscopic examination revealed that the median amount of Kudoa septempunctata present in the muscle of flounder fish from the aquaculture farm was 4.5×10(3) spores/g (range, 1.0×10(3)-9.6×10(6) spores/g). The number of K. septempunctata spores required for the development of illness, as estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation, was 7.2×10(7) spores/g; therefore, thus this might be the minimum ingestion threshold for the development of gastrointestinal symptoms. As a public health measure, the current study results should be referred to for the prevention of the gastrointestinal symptoms related to the consumption of flounder; the national public health authority has disseminated these results. We concluded that K. septempunctata-contaminated flounder fish were associated with the gastrointestinal symptoms of this recent outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yahata
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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185
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Dida GO, Gelder FB, Anyona DN, Matano AS, Abuom PO, Adoka SO, Ouma C, Kanangire CK, Owuor PO, Ofulla AVO. Distribution and abundance of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis host snails along the Mara River in Kenya and Tanzania. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2014; 4:24281. [PMID: 25405008 PMCID: PMC4216393 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v4.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We purposively selected 39 sampling sites along the Mara River and its two perennial tributaries of Amala and Nyangores and sampled snails. In addition, water physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, salinity and pH) were taken to establish their influence on the snail abundance and habitat preference. Out of the 39 sites sampled, 10 (25.6%) had snails. The snail species encountered included Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krauss – the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, Bulinus africanus – the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, and Lymnaea natalensis Krauss – the intermediate host of both Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica Cobbold. Ceratophallus spp., a non-vector snail was also encountered. Most (61.0%) of the snails were encountered in streamside pools. Schistosomiasis-transmitting host snails, B. pfeifferi and B. africanus, were fewer than fascioliasis-transmitting Lymnaea species. All the four different snail species were found to be attached to different aquatic weeds, with B. pfeifferi accounting for over half (61.1%) of the snails attached to the sedge, followed by B. africanus and Lymnaea spp., accounting for 22.2 and 16.7%, respectively. Ceratophallus spp. were non-existent in sedge. The results from this preliminary study show that snails intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis exists in different habitats, in few areas along the Mara River, though their densities are still low to have any noticeable impacts on disease transmission in case they are infected. The mere presence of the vector snails in these focal regions calls for their immediate control and institution of proper regulations, management, and education among the locals that can help curtail the spread of the snails and also schistosomiasis and fascioliasis within the Mara River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Dida
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya ; Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Frank B Gelder
- Probe International, Inc., Copley, OH, USA ; Probe International, Inc., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Douglas N Anyona
- School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Ally-Said Matano
- School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya ; EAC-Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Paul O Abuom
- School of Environment and Earth Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Samson O Adoka
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Collins Ouma
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | | | - Ayub V O Ofulla
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
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186
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Wongwairot S, Kueakhai P, Changklungmoa N, Jaikua W, Sansri V, Meemon K, Songkoomkrong S, Riengrojpitak S, Sobhon P. Monoclonal antibody against recombinant Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L1H could detect juvenile and adult cathepsin Ls of Fasciola gigantica. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:133-40. [PMID: 25324133 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin Ls (CatLs), the major cysteine protease secreted by Fasciola spp., are important for parasite digestion and tissue invasion. Fasciola gigantica cathepsin L1H (FgCatL1H) is the isotype expressed in the early stages for migration and invasion. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against recombinant F. gigantica cathepsin L1H (rFgCatL1H) was produced by hybridoma technique using spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant proFgCatL1H (rproFgCatL1H). This MoAb is an immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 with κ light chain isotype. The MoAb reacted specifically with rproFgCatL1H, the native FgCatL1H at a molecular weight (MW) 38 to 48 kDa in the extract of whole body (WB) of metacercariae and newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) and cross-reacted with rFgCatL1 and native FgCatLs at MW 25 to 28 kDa in WB of 2- and 4-week-old juveniles, adult, and adult excretory-secretory (ES) fractions by immunoblotting and indirect ELISA. It did not cross-react with antigens in WB fractions from other parasites, including Gigantocotyle explanatum, Paramphistomum cervi, Gastrothylax crumenifer, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Setaria labiato-papillosa, and Fischoederius cobboldi. By immunolocalization, MoAb against rFgCatL1H reacted with the native protein in the gut of metacercariae and NEJ and also cross-reacted with CatL1 in 2- and 4-week-old juveniles and adult F. gigantica. Therefore, FgCatL1H and its MoAb may be used for immunodiagnosis of both early and late fasciolosis in ruminants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirima Wongwairot
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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187
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Systems biology studies of adult paragonimus lung flukes facilitate the identification of immunodominant parasite antigens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3242. [PMID: 25329661 PMCID: PMC4199545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paragonimiasis is a food-borne trematode infection acquired by eating raw or undercooked crustaceans. It is a major public health problem in the far East, but it also occurs in South Asia, Africa, and in the Americas. Paragonimus worms cause chronic lung disease with cough, fever and hemoptysis that can be confused with tuberculosis or other non-parasitic diseases. Treatment is straightforward, but diagnosis is often delayed due to a lack of reliable parasitological or serodiagnostic tests. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use a systems biology approach to identify key parasite proteins that may be useful for development of improved diagnostic tests. Methodology/Principal Findings The transcriptome of adult Paragonimus kellicotti was sequenced with Illumina technology. Raw reads were pre-processed and assembled into 78,674 unique transcripts derived from 54,622 genetic loci, and 77,123 unique protein translations were predicted. A total of 2,555 predicted proteins (from 1,863 genetic loci) were verified by mass spectrometric analysis of total worm homogenate, including 63 proteins lacking homology to previously characterized sequences. Parasite proteins encoded by 321 transcripts (227 genetic loci) were reactive with antibodies from infected patients, as demonstrated by immunoaffinity purification and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Serodiagnostic candidates were prioritized based on several criteria, especially low conservation with proteins in other trematodes. Cysteine proteases, MFP6 proteins and myoglobins were abundant among the immunoreactive proteins, and these warrant further study as diagnostic candidates. Conclusions The transcriptome, proteome and immunolome of adult P. kellicotti represent a major advance in the study of Paragonimus species. These data provide a powerful foundation for translational research to develop improved diagnostic tests. Similar integrated approaches may be useful for identifying novel targets for drugs and vaccines in the future. Paragonimiasis is a food-borne trematode infection that people acquire when they eat raw or undercooked crustaceans. Disease symptoms (including cough, fever, blood in sputum, etc.) can be similar to those observed in patients with tuberculosis or bacterial pneumonia, frequently resulting in misdiagnosis. Although the infection is relatively easy to treat, diagnosis is complicated. Available diagnostic assays rely on total parasite homogenate to facilitate the detection of Paragonimus-specific antibodies in patients. Though these blot-based assays have shown high sensitivity and specificity, they are inconvenient because total parasite homogenate is not readily available. This study used next generation genomic and proteomic methods to identify transcripts and proteins expressed in adult Paragonimus flukes. We then used sera from patients infected with P. kellicotti to isolate immunoreactive proteins, and these were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The annotated transcriptome and the associated proteome of the antibody immune response represent a significant advance in research on Paragonimus. This information will be a valuable resource for further research on Paragonimus and paragonimiasis. Thus this project illustrates the potential power of employing systems biology for translational research in parasitology.
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188
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Johnson AF, Brunner JL. Persistence of an amphibian ranavirus in aquatic communities. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 111:129-138. [PMID: 25266900 DOI: 10.3354/dao02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Host-parasite dynamics can be strongly influenced by interactions with other members of the biotic community, particularly when the parasite spends some fraction of its life in the environment unprotected by its host. Ranaviruses-often lethal viruses of cold-blooded vertebrate hosts transmitted by direct contact, and via water and fomites-offer an interesting system for understanding these community influences. Previous laboratory studies have shown that ranaviruses can persist for anywhere from days to years, depending on the conditions, with much longer times under sterile conditions. To address the role of the biotic community and particulate matter on ranavirus persistence, we experimentally inoculated filter-sterilized, UV-treated, and unmanipulated pond water with a Frog virus 3 (FV3)-like Ranavirus and took samples over 78 d, quantifying viral titers with real-time quantitative PCR and plaque assays. Viral counts dropped quickly in all treatments, by an order of magnitude in under a day in unmanipulated pond water and in 8 d in filter-sterilized pond water. In a second experiment, we measured viral titers over 24 h in virus-spiked spring water with Daphnia pulex. Presence of D. pulex reduced the concentration of infectious ranavirus, but not viral DNA, by an order of magnitude in 24 h. D. pulex themselves did not accumulate the virus. We conclude that both microbial and zooplanktonic communities can play an important role in ranavirus epidemiology, rapidly inactivating ranavirus in the water and thereby minimizing environmental transmission. We suspect that interactions with the biotic community will be important for most pathogens with environmental resting or transmission stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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189
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McVeigh P, McCammick EM, McCusker P, Morphew RM, Mousley A, Abidi A, Saifullah KM, Muthusamy R, Gopalakrishnan R, Spithill TW, Dalton JP, Brophy PM, Marks NJ, Maule AG. RNAi dynamics in Juvenile Fasciola spp. Liver flukes reveals the persistence of gene silencing in vitro. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3185. [PMID: 25254508 PMCID: PMC4177864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciola spp. liver fluke cause pernicious disease in humans and animals. Whilst current control is unsustainable due to anthelmintic resistance, gene silencing (RNA interference, RNAi) has the potential to contribute to functional validation of new therapeutic targets. The susceptibility of juvenile Fasciola hepatica to double stranded (ds)RNA-induced RNAi has been reported. To exploit this we probe RNAi dynamics, penetrance and persistence with the aim of building a robust platform for reverse genetics in liver fluke. We describe development of standardised RNAi protocols for a commercially-available liver fluke strain (the US Pacific North West Wild Strain), validated via robust transcriptional silencing of seven virulence genes, with in-depth experimental optimisation of three: cathepsin L (FheCatL) and B (FheCatB) cysteine proteases, and a σ-class glutathione transferase (FheσGST). Methodology/Principal Findings Robust transcriptional silencing of targets in both F. hepatica and Fasciola gigantica juveniles is achievable following exposure to long (200–320 nt) dsRNAs or 27 nt short interfering (si)RNAs. Although juveniles are highly RNAi-susceptible, they display slower transcript and protein knockdown dynamics than those reported previously. Knockdown was detectable following as little as 4h exposure to trigger (target-dependent) and in all cases silencing persisted for ≥25 days following long dsRNA exposure. Combinatorial silencing of three targets by mixing multiple long dsRNAs was similarly efficient. Despite profound transcriptional suppression, we found a significant time-lag before the occurrence of protein suppression; FheσGST and FheCatL protein suppression were only detectable after 9 and 21 days, respectively. Conclusions/Significance In spite of marked variation in knockdown dynamics, we find that a transient exposure to long dsRNA or siRNA triggers robust RNAi penetrance and persistence in liver fluke NEJs supporting the development of multiple-throughput phenotypic screens for control target validation. RNAi persistence in fluke encourages in vivo studies on gene function using worms exposed to RNAi-triggers prior to infection. RNA interference (RNAi) is a method for selectively silencing (or reducing expression of) mRNA transcripts, an approach which can be used to interrogate the function of genes and proteins, and enables the validation of potential targets for anthelmintic drugs or vaccines, by investigating the impact of silencing a particular gene on parasite survival or behaviour. This study focuses on liver fluke parasites, which cause serious disease in both humans and animals. We have only a handful of drugs with which to treat these infections, to which flukes are developing resistance, and no anti-fluke vaccines have yet been developed. New options for treatment and control of liver fluke parasites are sorely needed, and RNAi is a powerful tool in the development of such treatments. This study developed a set of simple methods for triggering RNAi in juvenile liver fluke, which show that although robust transcriptional suppression can be readily achieved across all targets tested, protein suppression occurs only after a target-specific lag period (likely related to protein half-life), which may require >25 days under current in vitro maintenance conditions. These findings are important for researchers aiming to employ RNAi in investigations of liver fluke biology and target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McVeigh
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McCusker
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Russell M. Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Abidi
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khalid M. Saifullah
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raman Muthusamy
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Terry W. Spithill
- AgriBio, the Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Life Sciences, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John P. Dalton
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Molecular Biosciences: Parasitology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, United Kingdom
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190
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Vargas-Arzola J, Segura-Salvador A, Reyes-Velasco L, Díaz-Chiguer DL, Márquez-Navarro A, León-Avila G, Ibañez-Cervantes G, Camacho AD, Sánchez-Manzano RM, Nogueda-Torres B. Detection of Paragonimus mexicanus (Trematoda) metacercariae in crabs from Oaxaca, Mexico. Acta Trop 2014; 137:95-8. [PMID: 24836918 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metacercariae of Paragonimus mexicanus were collected in crabs Tehuana guerreroensis (Rathbun, 1933) in the municipality of Putla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Metacercariae were found in 20.8% of the crabs collected, with an average of 1.9 metacercarie per crab. Stained metacercariae showed the specific characteristics of P. mexicanus by morphology and sequencing a fragment of the 28S ribosomal gene obtained by PCR. These findings reveal that T. guerreroensis is an intermediate host for P. mexicanus; this new report is relevant considering the potential risk of transmission in the states of Oaxaca and Guerrero, Mexico.
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191
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Yang GJ, Liu L, Zhu HR, Griffiths SM, Tanner M, Bergquist R, Utzinger J, Zhou XN. China's sustained drive to eliminate neglected tropical diseases. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:881-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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192
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Kim DW, Yoo WG, Lee S, Lee MR, Kim YJ, Cho SH, Lee WJ, Ju JW. ClonorESTdb: a comprehensive database for Clonorchis sinensis EST sequences. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:388. [PMID: 24957044 PMCID: PMC4094540 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis, which is primarily caused by liver fluke (Platyhelminthes), is a fatal infectious disease that is mainly associated with bile duct malignancy and the subsequent development of cholangiocarcinoma. Thus, a genomic approach now represents an important step to further our knowledge of biology and the pathology of these parasites. The results of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequencing need to be well organized into databases to provide an integrated set of tools and functional information. Findings Here, the ClonorESTdb database represents a collection of Clonorchis sinensis ESTs that is intended as a resource for parasite functional genomics. A total of 55,736 successful EST sequences, which are cleaned and clustered into non-redundant 13,305 C. sinensis assembled EST sequences (6,497 clusters and 6,808 singletons), were obtained from three in-house prepared cDNA libraries of C. sinensis at different developmental stages. The assembled consensus sequences were annotated using the BLAST algorithm or/and hmm against NCBI NR, UniProt, KEGG and InterProScan. The ClonorESTdb database provides functional annotation, their expression profiles, tandem repeats and putative single nucleotide polymorphisms with utility tools such as local BLAST search and text retrieval. Conclusions This resource enables the researcher to identify and compare expression signatures under different biological stages and promotes ongoing parasite drug and vaccine development and biological research. Database URL:http://pathod.cdc.go.kr/clonorestdb/
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Centre for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk 363-951, Republic of Korea.
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193
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Lier T, Do DT, Johansen MV, Nguyen TH, Dalsgaard A, Asfeldt AM. High reinfection rate after preventive chemotherapy for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2958. [PMID: 24945411 PMCID: PMC4063704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization aims for complete morbidity control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in endemic areas by 2020. The main intervention tool for achieving this goal is regular use of preventive chemotherapy by offering praziquantel to those at risk in endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy to control FZT in an endemic area in Northern Vietnam. Methodology and principle findings We followed a cohort of 396 people who fulfilled the criteria for receiving preventive chemotherapy. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz technique for the presence of trematode eggs before, and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after preventive chemotherapy. The prevalence of trematode eggs in stool was 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to a cumulative prevalence of 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. Conclusions The effectiveness of preventive chemotherapy as a main component in control of FZT is not well documented in most endemic areas. We found a high reinfection rate within the first year after preventive chemotherapy. Since these trematodes are zoonoses, preventive chemotherapy may not have sufficient impact alone on the transmission to have a lasting effect on the prevalence. Animal reservoirs and farm management practices must be targeted to achieve sustainable control of fishborne zoonotic trematode infections, hence control programs should consider a One Health approach. Fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) are small parasitic flatworms (flukes) living either in the intrahepatic bile ducts or in the intestines of humans and many species of animals and birds. Transmission occurs by eating infected raw freshwater fish. FZT are especially common in Southeast and East Asia. WHO suggests using preventive chemotherapy in the control of these parasites by providing an effective drug, praziquantel, once a year to either all inhabitants in the endemic areas or selectively to those who are at special risk because they eat raw fish. Preventive chemotherapy has been used for some years in Northern Vietnam, but the effectiveness has not been thoroughly examined. We followed a group of 396 people who had eaten raw fish and examined the stool for the presence of trematode eggs before preventive chemotherapy and two, 16, 29 and 60 weeks after. The proportions of egg positive persons were 40.2% before, 2.3% two weeks after and increased to 29.8% sixty weeks after preventive chemotherapy. We found a high rate of reinfection. Contribution from animals to the transmission implies that preventive chemotherapy of humans alone will most likely be insufficient to control the FZT infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Lier
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Dung Trung Do
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thi Hop Nguyen
- Department for Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Asfeldt
- Department for Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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194
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Zhang Y, Chang QC, Zhang Y, Na L, Wang WT, Xu WW, Gao DZ, Liu ZX, Wang CR, Zhu XQ. Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in northeastern China. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:209-13. [PMID: 24880648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was surveyed in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, between August 2011 and September 2013. Thirteen species of freshwater fish (n=3221) and one species of shrimp (n=93) were collected from Songhua river, Nenjiang river and other lakes or ponds in 37 sites of 15 representative cities in Heilongjiang Province. They were individually examined by digestion technique, and the C. sinensis metacercariae were identified morphologically followed by confirmation using sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. Ten of the 13 examined species of freshwater fishes were infected with C. sinensis metacercariae, while all shrimps were negative. The overall prevalence of C. sinensis infection in 3221 examined freshwater fishes was 19.96%, with 42.57% (272/639) in Pseudorasbora parva, 22.55% (83/368) in Hemicculter leuciclus, 20.44% (121/592) in Carassius auratus, 17.71% (68/384) in Saurogobio dabryi, 10.85% (23/212) in Rhodeus ocellatus, 10.54% (48/455) in Phoxinus lagowskii, 8.20% (21/256) in Perccottus glehnii, 6.25% (5/80) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 4.55% (1/22) in Xenocypris davidi, and 1.49% (1/67) in Cyprinus carpio. The average infection intensity in P. parva was 103.3 encysted metacercariae per gram of fish meat in Zhaoyuan city. The average prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Songhua river, Nenjiang river and lakes or ponds were 31.96% (503/1574), 11.30% (102/903) and 7.93% (59/744), respectively. The prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Zhaoyuan city (43.68%) was the highest among all sampling locations. These results revealed a high-prevalence of C. sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, posing significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Q C Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - L Na
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - W T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - W W Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - D Z Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Z X Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - C R Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
| | - X Q Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
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195
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In vitro tegumental alterations on adult Fasciola gigantica caused by mefloquine. J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:145-51. [PMID: 27065615 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of drug-resistant Fasciola strains has drawn the attention of many authors to alternative drugs. The purpose of this study is to explore the in vitro effect of the antimalarial mefloquine against adult Fasciola gigantica. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations could be used to determine the target of the drug following 6 and 12 h of incubation in medium containing mefloquine at three different concentrations 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL, as morphological changes could be observed. These changes occurred in definite sequences in response to mefloquine, and were consisted of swelling, vacuolization that was later disrupted, leading to desquamation of the tegument, resulting in exposure and disruption of basal lamina and the dislodging of spines. It is concluded that mefloquine presented itself as a drug that might become important in trematode chemotherapy, with the tegument being an important drug target.
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196
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Choi SC, Lee SY, Song HO, Ryu JS, Ahn MH. Parasitic infections based on 320 clinical samples submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:215-20. [PMID: 24850969 PMCID: PMC4028463 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University from January 2004 to June 2011. They consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. The nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well as other infections including strongyloidiasis, thelaziasis, loiasis, and hookworm infecions. Among the cestode or trematode infections, we observed 27 cases of diphyllobothriasis, 14 of sparganosis, 9 of clonorchiasis, and 5 of paragonimiasis together with a few cases of taeniasis saginata, cysticercosis cellulosae, hymenolepiasis, and echinostomiasis. The protozoan infections included 14 cases of malaria, 4 of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 of trichomoniasis, in addition to infections with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii. Among the arthropods, we detected 6 cases of Ixodes sp., 5 of Phthirus pubis, 1 of Sarcoptes scabiei, and 1 of fly larva. The results revealed that trichuriasis, anisakiasis, enterobiasis, and diphyllobothriasis were the most frequently found parasitosis among the clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Song
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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197
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Zhang X, Peng L, Liu W, Fan L, Zhang Q, Chen G, He P, Wu R, Liu A, Yang Y, Yu X, Yun L. Response of primary vectors and related diseases to impoundment by the Three Gorges Dam. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 19:440-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Liangbin Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Lirui Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Pan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Ruixiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Anping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
| | - Yexun Yang
- Emergency Center of Three Gorges Dam, Ba Hekou; Yichang PRC
| | - Xiaogai Yu
- Emergency Center of Three Gorges Dam, Ba Hekou; Yichang PRC
| | - Luojia Yun
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health; School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College; Wuhan PRC
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198
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Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang G, Chen W, Chen L, Zhang X. Preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip for detection of Paragonimiasis skrjabini. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92034. [PMID: 24643068 PMCID: PMC3958401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paragonimiasis is a food-borne trematodiasis, a serious public health issue and a neglected tropical disease. Paragonimus skrjabini is a unique species found in China. Unlike paragonimiasis westermani, it is nearly impossible to make a definitive diagnosis for paragonimiasis skrjabini by finding eggs in sputum or feces. Immunodiagnosis is the best choice to detect paragonimiasis skrjabini. There is an urgent need to develop a novel, rapid and simple immunoassay for large-scale screening patients in endemic areas. Methodology/Principal Findings To develop a rapid, simple immunodiagnostic assay for paragonimiasis, rabbit anti-human IgG was conjugated to colloidal gold particles and used to detect antibodies in the sera of paragonimiasis patients. The synthesis and identification of colloidal gold particles and antibody-colloidal gold conjugates were performed. The size of colloidal gold particles was examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The average diameter of colloidal gold particles was 17.46 nm with a range of 14.32–21.80 nm according to the TEM images. The formation of antibody-colloidal gold conjugates was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Excretory-secretory (ES) antigen of Paragonimus skrjabini was coated on nitrocellulose membrane as the capture line. Recombinant Staphylococcus protein A was used to prepare the control line. This rapid gold immunochromatographic strip was assembled in regular sequence through different accessories sticked on PVC board. The relative sensitivity and specificity of the strip was 94.4% (51/54) and 94.1% (32/34) respectively using ELISA as the standard method. Its stability and reproducibility were quite excellent after storage of the strip at 4°C for 6 months. Conclusions/Significance Immunochromatographic strip prepared in this study can be used in a rapid one-step immunochromatographic assay, which is instantaneous and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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199
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Paragonimiasis acquired in the United States: native and nonnative species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 26:493-504. [PMID: 23824370 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00103-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic lung infection caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus, with most cases reported from Asia and caused by P. westermani following consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. With the exception of imported P. westermani cases in immigrants, in travelers returning from areas of disease endemicity, and in clusters of acquired cases following consumption of imported Asian crabs, human paragonimiasis caused by native lung flukes is rarely described in the United States, which has only one indigenous species of lung fluke, Paragonimus kellicotti. Clinicians should inquire about the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs by immigrants, expatriates, and returning travelers, and the consumption of raw or undercooked crayfish in U.S. freshwater river systems where P. kellicotti is endemic when evaluating patients presenting with unexplained fever, cough, rales, hemoptysis, pleural effusions, and peripheral eosinophilia. Diagnostic evaluation by specific parasitological, radiological, serological, and molecular methods will be required in order to differentiate paragonimiasis from tuberculosis, which is not uncommon in recent Asian immigrants. All cases of imported and locally acquired paragonimiasis will require treatment with oral praziquantel to avoid any potential pulmonary and cerebral complications of paragonimiasis, some of which may require surgical interventions.
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Epidemiology of Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma. BILIARY TRACT AND GALLBLADDER CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40558-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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