151
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Esperón F, Sacristán C, Carballo M, Torre ADL. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Animal Manure, Manure-Amended and Nonanthropogenically Impacted Soils in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2018.99032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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152
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Bengtsson-Palme J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. Environmental factors influencing the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:4563583. [PMID: 29069382 PMCID: PMC5812547 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and its wider implications present us with a growing healthcare crisis. Recent research points to the environment as an important component for the transmission of resistant bacteria and in the emergence of resistant pathogens. However, a deeper understanding of the evolutionary and ecological processes that lead to clinical appearance of resistance genes is still lacking, as is knowledge of environmental dispersal barriers. This calls for better models of how resistance genes evolve, are mobilized, transferred and disseminated in the environment. Here, we attempt to define the ecological and evolutionary environmental factors that contribute to resistance development and transmission. Although mobilization of resistance genes likely occurs continuously, the great majority of such genetic events do not lead to the establishment of novel resistance factors in bacterial populations, unless there is a selection pressure for maintaining them or their fitness costs are negligible. To enable preventative measures it is therefore critical to investigate under what conditions and to what extent environmental selection for resistance takes place. In addition, understanding dispersal barriers is not only key to evaluate risks, but also to prevent resistant pathogens, as well as novel resistance genes, from reaching humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Box 440, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Box 440, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Box 440, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
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153
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Adelowo OO, Caucci S, Banjo OA, Nnanna OC, Awotipe EO, Peters FB, Fagade OE, Berendonk TU. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria isolated from hospital wastewaters, rivers and aquaculture sources in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2744-2755. [PMID: 29139076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Untreated wastewater is a risk factor for the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. However, little is known about the contribution of untreated wastewater to the burden of antibiotic resistance in the Nigerian environment. In this study, a total of 143 ceftazidime-/cefpodoxime-resistant bacteria isolated from untreated wastewater and untreated wastewater-contaminated surface and groundwater in Nigeria were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, integrons and integron gene cassettes by PCR. The genetic environment of bla CTX-M-15 was mapped by PCR and potentially conjugative plasmids were detected among the isolates by degenerate primer MOB typing (DPMT). ESBL production was confirmed in 114 (79.7%) isolates and ESBL genes (bla SHV, bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM) were detected in 85 (74.6%) ESBL-producing isolates. bla CTX-M-15 was associated with ISEcp1 and with orf477 in 12 isolates and with ISEcp1, IS26 and orf477 in six others. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bla CTX-M-15 in hand-dug wells and borehole serving as sources of drinking water and a first report of the genetic environment of bla CTX-M-15 in environmental bacteria from Nigeria. The results of this study confirm untreated wastewater as an important medium for the spread of ESBL-producing bacteria within the Nigerian environment. Hence, the widespread practice of discharging untreated wastewater into the aquatic ecosystem in Nigeria is a serious risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Olufemi Adelowo
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Drudebau, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Serena Caucci
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Drudebau, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Omowunmi Abosede Banjo
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ozioma Chinyere Nnanna
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Olubunmi Awotipe
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Florence Bosede Peters
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Obasola Ezekiel Fagade
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Drudebau, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
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154
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Alberti M, Marzluff J, Hunt VM. Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0029. [PMID: 27920374 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid urbanization of Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional traits that regulate urban ecosystems' productivity and stability. Intraspecific trait variation-variation in organisms' morphological, physiological or behavioural characteristics stemming from genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity-has significant implications for ecological functions such as nutrient cycling and primary productivity. While it is well established that changes in ecological conditions can drive evolutionary change in species' traits that, in turn, can alter ecosystem function, an understanding of the reciprocal and simultaneous processes associated with such interactions is only beginning to emerge. In urban settings, the potential for rapid trait change may be exacerbated by multiple selection pressures operating simultaneously. This paper reviews evidence on mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid phenotypic changes, and differentiates phenotypic changes for which there is evidence of micro-evolution versus phenotypic changes which may represent plasticity. Studying how humans mediate phenotypic trait changes through urbanization could shed light on fundamental concepts in ecological and evolutionary theory. It can also contribute to our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedback and provide insights for maintaining ecosystem function over the long term.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Marzluff
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Victoria M Hunt
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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155
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Guo J, Li J, Chen H, Bond PL, Yuan Z. Metagenomic analysis reveals wastewater treatment plants as hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:468-478. [PMID: 28689130 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of antibiotics results in their continuous release into the environment and the subsequent widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This study used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the broad-spectrum profiles of both ARGs and MGEs in activated sludge and anaerobically digested sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. A pipeline for identifying antibiotic resistance determinants was developed that consisted of four categories: gene transfer potential, ARG potential, ARGs pathway and ARGs phylogenetic origin. The metagenomic analysis showed that the activated sludge and the digested sludge exhibited different microbial communities and changes in the types and occurrence of ARGs and MGEs. In total, 42 ARGs subtypes were identified in the activated sludge, while 51 ARG subtypes were detected in the digested sludge. Additionally, MGEs including plasmids, transposons, integrons (intI1) and insertion sequences (e.g. ISSsp4, ISMsa21 and ISMba16) were abundant in the two sludge samples. The co-occurrence pattern between ARGs and microbial taxa revealed by network analysis indicated that some environmental bacteria (e.g. Clostridium and Nitrosomonas) might be potential hosts of multiple ARGs. The findings increase our understanding of WWTPs as hotspots of ARGs and MGEs, and contribute towards preventing their release into the downstream environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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156
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Hladicz A, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Tigecycline Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Austrian River Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101169. [PMID: 28972552 PMCID: PMC5664670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are spreading worldwide in medical settings but also in the environment. These resistant bacteria illustrate a major health problem in our times, and last-line antibiotics such as tigecycline represent an ultimate therapy option. Reports on tigecycline non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae are presented with regard to medical settings but are rare with that for the environment. The aim of this study was to characterize two tigecycline non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the river Mur, and to question the resistance mechanism. The screening for chromosomal mutations revealed a deletion and a silent point mutation in one isolate and a point mutation in the other isolate all within the ramR allele. RamR acts as repressor and prevents overexpression of ramA. These mutations are likely to cause a resistant phenotype due to the overexpression of AcrAB-TolC. MLST revealed that the isolates belonged to two unrelated MLST types (ST2392 and ST2394). Both isolates only revealed resistance to tigecycline and tetracycline. This is one of the rare reports of tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from surface water. The presence of two genetically different isolates suggests that the river water may bear substances that favor mutations that can lead to this efflux pump-driven resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hladicz
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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157
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Ivešić M, Krivohlavek A, Žuntar I, Tolić S, Šikić S, Musić V, Pavlić I, Bursik A, Galić N. Monitoring of selected pharmaceuticals in surface waters of Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23389-23400. [PMID: 28844101 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides, macrolides, torasemide, fumagillin, and chloramphenicol were simultaneously analyzed in surface water samples by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In the pre-concentration and clean-up process, the pH value of samples and volume of the solvent for extraction of analytes from cartridge were optimized. Extraction recoveries were high with values in the range from 62 to 115%. Limits of quantification (LoQ) were in the range from 0.02 to 0.2 μg L-1. Repeatability of the method was evaluated at LoQ and expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD). Calculated RSDs were low with values in the range from 2.4 to 14.5%. The method was successfully applied for analysis of surface water real samples. Samples were collected along the rivers in Croatia on four sampling sites in 2012 in Danube catchment areas, 19 sampling sites in Danube and Adriatic catchment areas in 2013, and another 19 places in 2014. Altogether, 20 target compounds were analyzed in 148 water samples and detected in 31 samples in range (0.1-5.3) μg L-1 or in 20.1% of samples. The most frequent and highest concentrations were detected for macrolide antibiotics. This is the first attempt of such monitoring in surface waters in Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ivešić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska, 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Krivohlavek
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska, 16, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Žuntar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sonja Tolić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska, 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šikić
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska, 16, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerija Musić
- Hrvatske vode, Ulica grada Vukovara, 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavlić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Bursik
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Galić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia.
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158
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Characterization of antibiotic resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli in irrigation water and vegetables in household farms. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 257:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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159
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Boehle KE, Gilliand J, Wheeldon CR, Holder A, Adkins JA, Geiss BJ, Ryan EP, Henry CS. Utilizing Paper-Based Devices for Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6886-6890. [PMID: 28474847 PMCID: PMC5568866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the ability of a bacterial species to resist the action of an antimicrobial drug, has been on the rise due to the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. Per the World Health Organization, AMR has an estimated annual cost of USD 34 billion in the US and is predicted to be the number one cause of death worldwide by 2050. One way AMR bacteria can spread, and by which individuals can contract AMR infections, is through contaminated water. Monitoring AMR bacteria in the environment currently requires that samples be transported to a central laboratory for slow and labor intensive tests. We have developed an inexpensive assay using paper-based analytical devices (PADs) that can test for the presence of β-lactamase-mediated resistance. To demonstrate viability, the PAD was used to detect β-lactam resistance in wastewater and sewage and identified resistance in individual bacterial species isolated from environmental water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Boehle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jake Gilliand
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | | | - Amethyst Holder
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Adkins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brian J Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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160
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Egervärn M, Englund S, Ljunge M, Wiberg C, Finn M, Lindblad M, Börjesson S. Unexpected common occurrence of transferable extended spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish surface waters used for drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:466-472. [PMID: 28258755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases (pAmpC) is increasingly being reported in humans, food-producing animals and food world-wide. However, the occurrence and impact of these so-called extended spectrum cephalosporinase (ESC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in aquatic environments are poorly documented. This study investigated the occurrence, concentrations and characteristics of ESC-producing E. coli (ESC-Ec) in samples of surface water collected at five Swedish water treatment plants that normally have relatively high prevalence and concentration of E. coli in surface water. ESC-Ec was found in 27 of 98 surface water samples analysed. All but two positive samples were collected at two of the water treatment plants studied. The ESC-Ec concentration, 1-3cfu/100mL, represented approximately 4% of the total amount of E. coli in the respective surface water sample. In total, 74% of the isolates were multi-resistant, but no isolate was resistant to carbapenems. Six types of ESBL/pAmpC genes were found in the 27 E. coli isolates obtained from the positive samples, of which four (blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14) were found during the whole sampling period, in samples taken at more than one water treatment plant. In addition, the genes were situated on various types of plasmids and most E. coli isolates were not closely related with regard to MLST types. The combinations of ESBL/pAmpC genes, plasmids and E. coli isolates were generally similar to those found previously in healthy and sick individuals in Sweden. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESC-Ec in Swedish surface water shows that resistant bacteria of clinical concern are present in aquatic environments even in a low-prevalence country such as Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Egervärn
- National Food Agency, Box 622, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Stina Englund
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Finn
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- National Food Agency, Box 622, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden
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161
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Östman M, Lindberg RH, Fick J, Björn E, Tysklind M. Screening of biocides, metals and antibiotics in Swedish sewage sludge and wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:318-328. [PMID: 28288311 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Incoming sewage water, treated effluent and digested sludge were collected from 11 Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs) on 3 different days. Analytical protocols were established for a large number of compounds (47) with antimicrobial properties and the collected samples were then screened for the presence of these selected substances. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to analyse the samples. Thirty organic compounds and 10 metals were detected above their respective detection limit. Quaternary ammonium compounds were the most abundant substances in the particulate phases with levels up to 370 μg/g and benzotriazoles were the most common in the aqueous phases with levels up to 24 μg/L. Several compounds with no, or very limited, previously reported data were detected in this study, including chlorhexidine, hexadecylpyridinium chloride and 10-benzalkonium chloride. Some of these were both frequently detected (>60% detection frequency) and found in high levels (up to 19 μg/g d.w. sludge). This study gives a comprehensive overview of the presence in Swedish STPs of a number of antimicrobial substances, providing crucial information in designing relevant studies on potential microbial co- and cross resistance development between antibiotics, biocides, and metals in the sewage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Östman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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162
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Boehle KE, Gilliand J, Wheeldon CR, Holder A, Adkins JA, Geiss BJ, Ryan EP, Henry CS. Utilizing Paper‐Based Devices for Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Gilliand
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | | | - Amethyst Holder
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Adkins
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Brian J. Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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163
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Norvill ZN, Toledo-Cervantes A, Blanco S, Shilton A, Guieysse B, Muñoz R. Photodegradation and sorption govern tetracycline removal during wastewater treatment in algal ponds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:35-43. [PMID: 28214443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline, supplied at 100µgL-1 in domestic wastewater, was studied in an outdoor, pilot scale, high rate algal pond (HRAP). Effective operation was demonstrated with the biomass concentration and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency averaging 1.2±0.1gTSSL-1 and 80±4%, respectively, across all operational periods. Tetracycline removal exceeded 93% and 99% when the HRAP was operated at hydraulic retention times of 4 and 7days, respectively. Batch tests and pulse testing during HRAP operation repeatedly evidenced the significance of photodegradation as a removal mechanism. Sorption dominated tetracycline removal during the night, but accounted for less than 6% of the total pollutant removal based on sorbed tetracycline extracted from biomass. Overall, these results provide the first demonstration of efficient antibiotic removal, occurring mainly via indirect photodegradation, during relevant HRAP operation (low pollutant concentration, domestic wastewater and natural sunlight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane N Norvill
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain; School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alma Toledo-Cervantes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Saul Blanco
- The Institute of the Environment, La Serna, 58, 24007 Leon, Spain
| | - Andy Shilton
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Raul Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain.
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164
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Petit F, Clermont O, Delannoy S, Servais P, Gourmelon M, Fach P, Oberlé K, Fournier M, Denamur E, Berthe T. Change in the Structure of Escherichia coli Population and the Pattern of Virulence Genes along a Rural Aquatic Continuum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:609. [PMID: 28458656 PMCID: PMC5394106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of the Escherichia coli population, focusing on the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli, in surface water draining a rural catchment. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in similar hydrological conditions (wet period, low flow) along a river continuum, characterized by two opposite density gradients of animals (cattle and wild animals) and human populations. While the abundance of E. coli slightly increased along the river continuum, the abundance of both human and ruminant-associated Bacteroidales markers, as well as the number of E. coli multi-resistant to antibiotics, evidenced a fecal contamination originating from animals at upstream rural sites, and from humans at downstream urban sites. A strong spatial modification of the structure of the E. coli population was observed. At the upstream site close to a forest, a higher abundance of the B2 phylogroup and Escherichia clade strains were observed. At the pasture upstream site, a greater proportion of both E and B1 phylogroups was detected, therefore suggesting a fecal contamination of mainly bovine origin. Conversely, in downstream urban sites, A, D, and F phylogroups were more abundant. To assess the occurrence of intestinal pathogenic strains, virulence factors [afaD, stx1, stx2, eltB (LT), estA (ST), ipaH, bfpA, eae, aaiC and aatA] were screened among 651 E. coli isolates. Intestinal pathogenic strains STEC O174:H21 (stx2) and EHEC O26:H11 (eae, stx1) were isolated in water and sediments close to the pasture site. In contrast, in the downstream urban site aEPEC/EAEC and DAEC of human origin, as well as extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli belonging to clonal group A of D phylogroup, were sampled. Even if the estimated input of STEC (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli) - released in water at the upstream pasture site - at the downstream site was low, we show that STEC could persist in sediment. These results show that, the run-off of small cattle farms contributed, as much as the wastewater effluent, in the dissemination of pathogenic E. coli in both water and sediments, even if the microbiological quality of the water was good or to average quality according to the French water index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Petit
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METISParis, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Pierre Servais
- Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la PlaineBruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, RBE-SG2M-LSEMPlouzané, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Kenny Oberlé
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
| | | | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Thierry Berthe
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
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165
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Sun Y, Ye J, Hou Y, Chen H, Cao J, Zhou T. Predation Efficacy of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens and Their Corresponding Biofilms. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:485-489. [PMID: 28367880 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predation efficacy of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensive drug resistant (XDR) gram-negative pathogens and their corresponding biofilms. In this study, we examined the ability of B. bacteriovorus to prey on MDR and XDR gram-negative clinical bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Results showed that B. bacteriovorus was able to prey on all planktonic cultures, among which the most efficient predation was observed for drug-resistant E. coli, with a 3.11 log10 reduction in viability. Furthermore, B. bacteriovorus demonstrated promising efficacy in preventing biofilm formation and dispersing the established biofilm. Reductions in biofilm formation of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii co-cultured with B. bacteriovorus were 65.2%, 37.1%, 44.7%, and 36.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the established biofilms of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii were significantly reduced by 83.4%, 81.8%, 83.1%, and 79.9%, respectively. A visual analysis supported by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the role of B. bacteriovorus in removing the established biofilms. This study highlights the potential use of B. bacteriovorus as a biological control agent with the capability to prey on MDR/XDR gram-negative pathogens and eradicate biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University
| | - Yuanbo Hou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Huale Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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166
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Paper-based colorimetric biosensor for antibiotics inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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167
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Verlicchi P. Hospital Wastewater Treatments Adopted in Asia, Africa, and Australia. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120400 DOI: 10.1007/698_2017_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
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168
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Zou W, Li X, Lai Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhou Q. Graphene Oxide Inhibits Antibiotic Uptake and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Propagation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33165-33174. [PMID: 27934199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the natural environment have become substantial threats to the ecosystem and public health. Effective strategies to control antibiotics and ARG contaminations are emergent. A novel carbon nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO), has attracted a substantial amount of attention in environmental fields. This study discovered the inhibition effects of GO on sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) uptake for bacteria and ARG transfer among microorganisms. GO promoted the penetration of SMZ from intracellular to extracellular environments by increasing the cell membrane permeability. In addition, the formation of a GO-SMZ complex reduced the uptake of SMZ in bacteria. Moreover, GO decreased the abundance of the sulI and intI genes by approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude, but the global bacterial activity was not obviously inhibited. A class I integron transfer experiment showed that the transfer frequency was up to 55-fold higher in the control than that of the GO-treated groups. Genetic methylation levels were not significant while sulI gene replication was inhibited. The biological properties of ARGs were altered due to the GO-ARG noncovalent combination, which was confirmed using multiple spectral analyses. This work suggests that GO can potentially be applied for controlling ARG contamination via inhibiting antibiotic uptake and ARG propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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169
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Garner E, Wallace JS, Argoty GA, Wilkinson C, Fahrenfeld N, Heath LS, Zhang L, Arabi M, Aga DS, Pruden A. Metagenomic profiling of historic Colorado Front Range flood impact on distribution of riverine antibiotic resistance genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38432. [PMID: 27917931 PMCID: PMC5137141 DOI: 10.1038/srep38432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Record-breaking floods in September 2013 caused massive damage to homes and infrastructure across the Colorado Front Range and heavily impacted the Cache La Poudre River watershed. Given the unique nature of this watershed as a test-bed for tracking environmental pathways of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination, we sought to determine the impact of extreme flooding on ARG reservoirs in river water and sediment. We utilized high-throughput DNA sequencing to obtain metagenomic profiles of ARGs before and after flooding, and investigated 23 antibiotics and 14 metals as putative selective agents during post-flood recovery. With 277 ARG subtypes identified across samples, total bulk water ARGs decreased following the flood but recovered to near pre-flood abundances by ten months post-flood at both a pristine site and at a site historically heavily influenced by wastewater treatment plants and animal feeding operations. Network analysis of de novo assembled sequencing reads into 52,556 scaffolds identified ARGs likely located on mobile genetic elements, with up to 11 ARGs per plasmid-associated scaffold. Bulk water bacterial phylogeny correlated with ARG profiles while sediment phylogeny varied along the river’s anthropogenic gradient. This rare flood afforded the opportunity to gain deeper insight into factors influencing the spread of ARGs in watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Garner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joshua S Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Wilkinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Nicole Fahrenfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lenwood S Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mazdak Arabi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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170
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Winkworth-Lawrence C, Lange K. Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Freshwater Biofilms May Reflect Influences from High-Intensity Agriculture. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:763-772. [PMID: 26932464 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern with growing evidence of environmental gene reservoirs, especially in freshwater. However, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in freshwater, in addition to the wide spectrum of land use contaminants like nitrogen and phosphate, that waterways are subjected to is inconclusive. Using molecular analyses, freshwater benthic rock biofilms were screened for genes conferring resistance to antibiotics used in both humans and farmed animals (aacA-aphD to aminoglycosides; mecA to ß-lactams; ermA and ermB to macrolides; tetA, tetB, tetK, and tetM to tetracyclines; vanA and vanB to glycopeptides). We detected widespread low levels of antibiotic resistance genes from 20 waterways across southern New Zealand throughout the year (1.3 % overall detection rate; 480 samples from three rocks per site, 20 sites, eight occasions; July 2010-May 2011). Three of the ten genes, ermB, tetK, and tetM, were detected in 62 of the 4800 individual screens; representatives confirmed using Sanger sequencing. No distinction could be made between human and agricultural land use contamination sources based on gene presence distribution alone. However, land use pressures are suggested by moderate correlations between antibiotic resistance genes and high-intensity farming in winter. The detection of antibiotic resistance genes at several sites not subject to known agricultural pressures suggests human sources of resistance, like waterway contamination resulting from unsatisfactory toilet facilities at recreational sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Lange
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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171
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Koczura R, Mokracka J, Taraszewska A, Łopacinska N. Abundance of Class 1 Integron-Integrase and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in River Water and Sediment Is Affected by Anthropogenic Pressure and Environmental Factors. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:909-916. [PMID: 27599709 PMCID: PMC5080314 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the presence of class 1 integron-integrase gene in culturable heterotrophic bacteria isolated from river water and sediment sampled upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Moreover, we quantified intI1 and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in the water and sediment using qPCR. There was no correlation between the results from water and sediment samples, which suggests integron-containing bacteria are differentially retained in these two environmental compartments. The discharge of treated wastewater significantly increased the frequency of intI1 among culturable bacteria and the gene copy number in river water, and increased the number of sul1 genes in the sediment. We also observed seasonal differences in the frequency of the class 1 integron-integrase gene among culturable heterotrophs as well as intI1 copy number in water, but not in sediment. The results suggest that the abundance of class 1 integrons in aquatic habitat depends on anthropogenic pressure and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Koczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mokracka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Taraszewska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Łopacinska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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172
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Gillings MR, Paulsen IT, Tetu SG. Genomics and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1388:92-107. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Sasha G. Tetu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
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173
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Osman KM, Ali MN, Radwan I, ElHofy F, Abed AH, Orabi A, Fawzy NM. Dispersion of the Vancomycin Resistance Genes vanA and vanC of Enterococcus Isolated from Nile Tilapia on Retail Sale: A Public Health Hazard. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1354. [PMID: 27617012 PMCID: PMC4999479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although normally regarded harmless commensals, enterococci may cause a range of different infections in humans, including urinary tract infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by enterococci (VRE) has seriously affected the treatment and infection control of these organisms. VRE are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. With VRE emerging as a global threat to public health, we aimed to isolate, identify enterococci species from tilapia and their resistance to van-mediated glycopeptide (vanA and vanC) as well as the presence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) using conventional and molecular methods. The cultural, biochemical (Vitek 2 system) and polymerase chain reaction results revealed eight Enterococcus isolates from the 80 fish samples (10%) to be further identified as E. faecalis (6/8, 75%) and E gallinarum (2/8, 25%). Intraperitoneal injection of healthy Nile tilapia with the eight Enterococcus isolates caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post-injection with general signs of septicemia. All of the eight Enterococcus isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. The 6/6 E. faecalis isolates were susceptible for penicillin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. On the other hand 5/6 were susceptible for ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The two isolates of E. gallinarum were sensitive to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Molecular characterization proved that they all presented the prototypic vanC element. On the whole, one of the two vancomycin resistance gene was present in 3/8 of the enterococci isolates, while the esp virulence gene was present in 1/8 of the enterococci isolates. The results in this study emphasize the potential role that aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities in determining the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. recovered from fish in the river Nile in Giza, Elmounib, Egypt as a continuation of our larger study on the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Ali
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza Egypt
| | - Ismail Radwan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Fatma ElHofy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Egypt
| | - Nehal M Fawzy
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza Egypt
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174
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Osińska A, Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance determinants in fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria isolated from sewage and surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10818-10831. [PMID: 26893181 PMCID: PMC4884563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are fully synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of clinical and veterinary infections. Being excreted during treatment, mostly as active compounds, their biological action is not limited to the therapeutic site, but it is moved further as resistance selection pressure into the environment. Water environment is an ideal medium for the aggregation and dissemination of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can pose a serious threat to human health. Because of this, the aim of this study was to determine the number of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria (FQRB) and their share in total heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) in treated wastewater (TWW), and upstream and downstream river water (URW, DRW) samples where TWW is discharged. The spread of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants and the presence/absence of resistance genes to other most popular antibiotic groups (against tetracyclines and beta-lactams) in selected 116 multiresistant isolates were investigated. The share of FQRB in total HPC in all samples was rather small and ranged from 0.7 % in URW samples to 7.5 % in TWW. Bacteria from Escherichia (25.0 %), Acinetobacter (25.0 %), and Aeromonas (6.9 %) genera were predominant in the FQRB group. Fluoroquinolone resistance was mostly caused by the presence of the gene aac(6')-1b-cr (91.4 %). More rarely reported was the occurrence of qnrS, qnrD, as well as oqxA, but qnrA, qnrB, qepA, and oqxB were extremely rarely or never noted in FQRB. The most prevalent bacterial genes connected with beta-lactams' resistance in FQRB were bla TEM, bla OXA, and bla CTX-M. The bla SHV was less common in the community of FQRB. The occurrence of bla genes was reported in almost 29.3 % of FQRB. The most abundant tet genes in FQRB were tet(A), tet(L), tet(K), and tet(S). The prevalence of tet genes was observed in 41.4 % of FQRB. The highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms was detected in TWW and DRW samples. It indicates that discharged TWW harbors multiresistant bacterial strains and that mobile PMQR and ARGs elements may have a selective pressure for species affiliated to bacteria in the river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Osińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland.
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175
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Gheorghe S, Petre J, Lucaciu I, Stoica C, Nita-Lazar M. Risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in Romanian aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:379. [PMID: 27234514 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is under increased pressure by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) due to anthropogenic activities. In spite of being found at very low concentrations (ng/L to μg/L) in the environment, PhACs represent a real danger to aquatic ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term effects. In this study, the presence in the aquatic environment of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), caffeine, and carbamazepine were monitored. Moreover, their aquatic risk and ecotoxicity by three biological models were evaluated. The monitoring studies performed in Romania showed that all studied PhACs were naturally present at concentrations >0.01 μg/L, pointing out the necessity to perform further toxicity tests for environmental risk assessment. The toxicity studies were carried out on aquatic organisms or bacteria and they indicated, for most of the tested PhACs, an insignificant or low toxicity effects: lethal concentrations (LC50) on fish Cyprinus carpio ranged from 42.60 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L; effective concentrations (EC50) on planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna ranged from 11.02 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L; inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/microbial toxic concentrations (MTC) on Vibrio fischeri and other bacterial strains ranged from 7.02 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L. The PhAC aquatic risk was assessed by using the ratio between measured environmental concentration (MEC) and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) calculated for each type of organism. The average of quotient risks (RQs) revealed that the presence of these compounds in Romania's aquatic environment induced a lower or moderate aquatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gheorghe
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania.
| | - Jana Petre
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Irina Lucaciu
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Catalina Stoica
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Mihai Nita-Lazar
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
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176
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Prichula J, Pereira RI, Wachholz GR, Cardoso LA, Tolfo NCC, Santestevan NA, Medeiros AW, Tavares M, Frazzon J, d'Azevedo PA, Frazzon APG. Resistance to antimicrobial agents among enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species in the southern coast of Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:51-57. [PMID: 26952995 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate species distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and presence of resistance genes in enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species, including seabirds (n=12), sea turtles (n=8), and mammals (n=3) found alive or dead in southern coast of Brazil. Enterococci were classified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and the presence of tet(S), tet(M), tet(L), mrsC, and erm(B) genes by PCR. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were the most common species. Single (37.09%), double (25.80%), and multiple (16.12%) antibiotic resistance patterns were observed. Resistance to rifampicin occurred most frequently. The msrC, tet(M), and/or tet(L) genes were detected in 60.15%, 73.07%, and 23.07% of the resistant strains, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of antibiotic resistant strains in these species could be related to food web interactions and aquatic pollutants or linked to environmental resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janira Prichula
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite 245, room 204, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Inhoque Pereira
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite 245, room 204, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Raffo Wachholz
- Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite 245, room 204, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Almansa Cardoso
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Neidimar Cezar Correa Tolfo
- Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite 245, room 204, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Aguiar Santestevan
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Weber Medeiros
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Tavares
- Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine (CECLIMAR), Institute of Biosciences, UFRGS. Av. Tramandaí, 976, 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Food Science Institute, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 - Campus do Vale - Prédio 443.212, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves d'Azevedo
- Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite 245, room 204, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite 500, room 158, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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177
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Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Geng J, Ren H, Xu K, Ding L. Reduction of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal wastewater effluent by advanced oxidation processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:184-191. [PMID: 26815295 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), intI1 and 16S rRNA genes, by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), namely Fenton oxidation (Fe(2+)/H2O2) and UV/H2O2 process. The ARGs include sul1, tetX, and tetG from municipal wastewater effluent. The results indicated that the Fenton oxidation and UV/H2O2 process could reduce selected ARGs effectively. Oxidation by the Fenton process was slightly better than that of the UV/H2O2 method. Particularly, for the Fenton oxidation, under the optimal condition wherein Fe(2+)/H2O2 had a molar ratio of 0.1 and a H2O2 concentration of 0.01molL(-1) with a pH of 3.0 and reaction time of 2h, 2.58-3.79 logs of target genes were removed. Under the initial effluent pH condition (pH=7.0), the removal was 2.26-3.35 logs. For the UV/H2O2 process, when the pH was 3.5 with a H2O2 concentration of 0.01molL(-1) accompanied by 30min of UV irradiation, all ARGs could achieve a reduction of 2.8-3.5 logs, and 1.55-2.32 logs at a pH of 7.0. The Fenton oxidation and UV/H2O2 process followed the first-order reaction kinetic model. The removal of target genes was affected by many parameters, including initial Fe(2+)/H2O2 molar ratios, H2O2 concentration, solution pH, and reaction time. Among these factors, reagent concentrations and pH values are the most important factors during AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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178
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Hwang AY, Gums JG. The emergence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance: Impact on a global scale. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6440-6445. [PMID: 27117692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted issue that is influenced by numerous factors. This growing healthcare problem has significantly impacted the public welfare and has substantially burdened the economic system on a global scale. In an effort to combat this rising problem, several strategies have been implemented in the recent years to stall the progression and decrease the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review article is to describe the various factors that have contributed to the current state of antimicrobial resistance and to evaluate potential strategies developed to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Hwang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1707 North Main Street, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA.
| | - John G Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1707 North Main Street, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA
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179
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Cabello FC, Godfrey HP, Buschmann AH, Dölz HJ. Aquaculture as yet another environmental gateway to the development and globalisation of antimicrobial resistance. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:e127-e133. [PMID: 27083976 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture uses hundreds of tonnes of antimicrobials annually to prevent and treat bacterial infection. The passage of these antimicrobials into the aquatic environment selects for resistant bacteria and resistance genes and stimulates bacterial mutation, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer. The potential bridging of aquatic and human pathogen resistomes leads to emergence of new antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and global dissemination of them and their antimicrobial resistance genes into animal and human populations. Efforts to prevent antimicrobial overuse in aquaculture must include education of all stakeholders about its detrimental effects on the health of fish, human beings, and the aquatic ecosystem (the notion of One Health), and encouragement of environmentally friendly measures of disease prevention, including vaccines, probiotics, and bacteriophages. Adoption of these measures is a crucial supplement to efforts dealing with antimicrobial resistance by developing new therapeutic agents, if headway is to be made against the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Cabello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Henry P Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Humberto J Dölz
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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180
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Miller JH, Novak JT, Knocke WR, Pruden A. Survival of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Horizontal Gene Transfer Control Antibiotic Resistance Gene Content in Anaerobic Digesters. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:263. [PMID: 27014196 PMCID: PMC4781833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) vs. their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater sludge treatment is critical in order to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance through process optimization. Here, we spiked high concentrations of tetracycline-resistant bacteria, isolated from mesophilic (Iso M1-1-a Pseudomonas sp.) and thermophilic (Iso T10-a Bacillus sp.) anaerobic digested sludge, into batch digesters and monitored their fate by plate counts and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) of their corresponding tetracycline ARGs. In batch studies, spiked ARB plate counts returned to baseline (thermophilic) or 1-log above baseline (mesophilic) while levels of the ARG present in the spiked isolate [tet(G)] remained high in mesophilic batch reactors. To compare results under semi-continuous flow conditions with natural influent variation, tet(O), tet(W), and sul1 ARGs, along with the intI1 integrase gene, were monitored over a 9-month period in the raw feed sludge and effluent sludge of lab-scale thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digesters. sul1 and intI1 in mesophilic and thermophilic digesters correlated positively (Spearman rho = 0.457-0.829, P < 0.05) with the raw feed sludge. There was no correlation in tet(O) or tet(W) ratios in raw sludge and mesophilic digested sludge or thermophilic digested sludge (Spearman rho = 0.130-0.486, P = 0.075-0.612). However, in the thermophilic digester, the tet(O) and tet(W) ratios remained consistently low over the entire monitoring period. We conclude that the influent sludge microbial composition can influence the ARG content of a digester, apparently as a result of differential survival or death of ARBs or horizontal gene transfer of genes between raw sludge ARBs and the digester microbial community. Notably, mesophilic digestion was more susceptible to ARG intrusion than thermophilic digestion, which may be attributed to a higher rate of ARB survival and/or horizontal gene transfer between raw sludge bacteria and the digester microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Miller
- Virginia Tech, Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John T Novak
- Virginia Tech, Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - William R Knocke
- Virginia Tech, Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Virginia Tech, Charles E. Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Blacksburg, VA, USA
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181
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Carraro E, Bonetta S, Bertino C, Lorenzi E, Bonetta S, Gilli G. Hospital effluents management: Chemical, physical, microbiological risks and legislation in different countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 168:185-99. [PMID: 26708649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) can contain hazardous substances, such as pharmaceutical residues, chemical hazardous substances, pathogens and radioisotopes. Due to these substances, hospital wastewater can represent a chemical, biological and physical risk for public and environmental health. In particular, several studies demonstrate that the main effects of these substances can't be neutralised by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These substances can be found in a wide range of concentrations due to the size of a hospital, the bed density, number of inpatients and outpatients, the number and the type of wards, the number and types of services, the country and the season. Some hazardous substances produced in hospital facilities have a regulatory status and are treated like waste and are disposed of accordingly (i.e., dental amalgam and medications). Legislation is quite homogeneous for these substances in all industrial countries. Problems that have emerged in the last decade concern substances and microorganisms that don't have a regulatory status, such as antibiotic residues, drugs and specific pathogens. At a global level, guidelines exist for treatment methods for these effluents, but legislation in all major industrial countries don't contain limitations on these parameters. Therefore, a monitoring system is necessary for these effluents as well as for substances and pathogens, as these elements can represent a risk to the environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Si Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - C Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - E Lorenzi
- Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A., C.so XI Febbraio, 14, 10152, Torino, Italy
| | - Sa Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - G Gilli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
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182
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Bartoli C, Roux F, Lamichhane JR. Molecular mechanisms underlying the emergence of bacterial pathogens: an ecological perspective. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:303-10. [PMID: 26062772 PMCID: PMC6638374 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of new bacterial diseases negatively affects both human health and agricultural productivity. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying these disease emergences are shared between human- and plant-pathogenic bacteria, not much effort has been made to date to understand disease emergences caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria. In particular, there is a paucity of information in the literature on the role of environmental habitats in which plant-pathogenic bacteria evolve and on the stress factors to which these microbes are unceasingly exposed. In this microreview, we focus on three molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity in bacteria, namely mutations, genomic rearrangements and the acquisition of new DNA sequences through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). We briefly discuss the role of these mechanisms in bacterial disease emergence and elucidate how the environment can influence the occurrence and regulation of these molecular mechanisms by directly impacting disease emergence. The understanding of such molecular evolutionary mechanisms and their environmental drivers will represent an important step towards predicting bacterial disease emergence and developing sustainable management strategies for crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bartoli
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), INRA, UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), CNRS, UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), INRA, UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), CNRS, UMR2594, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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183
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El-Kfoury KA. WITHDRAWN: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in the wastewater of a Lebanese hospital: Profiles and mechanisms of resistance. J Infect Public Health 2015:S1876-0341(15)00216-6. [PMID: 26707704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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184
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Grall N, Barraud O, Wieder I, Hua A, Perrier M, Babosan A, Gaschet M, Clermont O, Denamur E, Catzeflis F, Decré D, Ploy MC, Andremont A. Lack of dissemination of acquired resistance to β-lactams in small wild mammals around an isolated village in the Amazonian forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:698-708. [PMID: 25858231 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the spread of resistance to β-lactams and of integrons in small rodents and marsupials living at various distances from a point of antibiotic's use. Rectal swabs from 114 animals were collected in Trois-Sauts, an isolated village in French Guiana, and along a 3 km transect heading through the non-anthropized primary forest. Prevalence of ticarcillin-resistant enterobacteria was 36% (41/114). Klebsiella spp., naturally resistant to ticarcillin, were found in 31.1% (23/73) of animals from the village and in an equal ratio of 31.7% (13/41) of animals trapped along the transect. By contrast Escherichia coli with acquired resistance to ticarcillin were found in 13.7% (10/73) of animals from the village and in only 2.4% (1/41) of those from the transect (600 m from the village). There was a huge diversity of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with very unique and infrequent sequence types. The overall prevalence of class 1 integrons carriage was 19.3% (22/114) homogenously distributed between animals from the village and the transect, which suggests a co-selection by a non-antibiotic environmental factor. Our results indicate that the anthropogenic acquired antibiotic resistance did not disseminate in the wild far from the point of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Grall
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM, U1092, Limoges, France
- Univ Limoges, UMR-S1092, Limoges, France
| | - Ingrid Wieder
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Anna Hua
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Marion Perrier
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Ana Babosan
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Gaschet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - François Catzeflis
- CNRS UMR-5554, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Univ Montpellier-2, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Decré
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, team E13 (Bacteriology), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Team E13, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
- INSERM, U1092, Limoges, France
- Univ Limoges, UMR-S1092, Limoges, France
| | - Antoine Andremont
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
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185
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Tacão M, Correia A, Henriques IS. Low Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in River Water: Resistance Is Mostly Related to Intrinsic Mechanisms. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:497-506. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tacão
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Biology Department and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Correia
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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186
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Staley C, Gould TJ, Wang P, Phillips J, Cotner JB, Sadowsky MJ. High-throughput functional screening reveals low frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in DNA recovered from the Upper Mississippi River. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:693-703. [PMID: 26322755 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2014.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Upper Mississippi River using a high-throughput, functional, metagenomic screening procedure. Fosmid libraries containing ∼10,000 clones were screened for resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. We hypothesized that nutrient concentrations, land cover type, and taxonomic community composition may select for ARGs. Resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, and kanamycin was low (<1.00%), and no resistance to tetracycline was detected. Ammonium and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations were correlated with kanamycin and cephalothin resistances (r=0.617 and -0.449, P=0.002 and 0.036, respectively). Cephalothin resistance was also positively correlated with the percentage of forested land cover (r=0.444, P=0.039). Only the candidate division OD1, among 35 phyla identified, was correlated with ampicillin resistance (r=0.456, P=0.033), suggesting that minority members of the community may be responsible for dissemination of ARGs in this ecosystem. Results of this study suggest that ammonium and TDS may be involved in a complex selection process for ARGs. Furthermore, we suggest that minority species, potentially contributed in low numbers from sediment and biofilm reservoirs, may be the primary carriers of ARGs in this riverine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA E-mail:
| | - Trevor J Gould
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA E-mail: ; Biology Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA E-mail:
| | - Jane Phillips
- Biology Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - James B Cotner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, 1479 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA E-mail: ; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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187
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Guo S, Chang W. Prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from rural well water in Taian, China, 2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11488-11492. [PMID: 25821088 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the major antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae, and the increasing number of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from water environments has posed a serious threat to the public health. The study aimed to analyze prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from rural well waters in Taian, China. A total of 10 isolates expressing an ESBL phenotype, including 9 Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was obtained from 4 (4%) out of the 100 sampled wells. ESBL genotype revealed that 9 expressed CTX-M-15 and 1 produced CTX-M-27. Five out of 8 ESBL-producing E. coli expressing CTX-M-15 belonged to ST10, which are mostly detected from human feces in China. Importantly, the only strain of CTX-M-27-producing E. coli belonged to multi-locus sequence type B2:131 (ST131), which may be related with severe infection in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Taian, 271000, China,
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188
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Lobova TI, Yemelyanova E, Andreeva IS, Puchkova LI, Repin VY. Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profile of Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Urbanized Eltsovka-1 River (Russia). Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:477-90. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I. Lobova
- Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena Yemelyanova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina S. Andreeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Puchkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ye Repin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Novosibirsk, Russia
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189
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Koczura R, Krysiak N, Taraszewska A, Mokracka J. Coliform bacteria isolated from recreational lakes carry class 1 and class 2 integrons and virulence-associated genes. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:594-603. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Koczura
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Poznań Poland
| | - N. Krysiak
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Poznań Poland
| | - A. Taraszewska
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Poznań Poland
| | - J. Mokracka
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Biology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Poznań Poland
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190
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Serpe L, Giuntini F. Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy: First steps towards a sound approach for microbe inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 150:44-9. [PMID: 26037696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) relies on the ability of ultrasound to activate sonosensitisers and trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve cell death. SDT was explored as an anticancer approach until 6 years ago, when its potential application as an antimicrobial strategy was pointed out and the term "sonoantimicrobial chemotherapy" (SACT) was coined. The excellent penetration of ultrasound in liquid media make SACT a particularly promising approach for the non-invasive treatment of deep-seated infections, and for the reduction of bacterial load in turbid water. In this review we provide an account of the brief history of SACT, from its molecular bases to the current state of the art and perspective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Serpe
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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191
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Skariyachan S, Mahajanakatti AB, Grandhi NJ, Prasanna A, Sen B, Sharma N, Vasist KS, Narayanappa R. Environmental monitoring of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance patterns of the fecal coliforms isolated from Cauvery River, a major drinking water source in Karnataka, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:279. [PMID: 25896199 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses prudent elucidation of microbial pollution and antibiotic sensitivity profiling of the fecal coliforms isolated from River Cauvery, a major drinking water source in Karnataka, India. Water samples were collected from ten hotspots during the year 2011-2012. The physiochemical characteristics and microbial count of water samples collected from most of the hotspots exhibited greater biological oxygen demand and bacterial count especially coliforms in comparison with control samples (p ≤ 0.01). The antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using 48 antibiotics against the bacterial isolates by disk-diffusion assay. The current study showed that out of 848 bacterial isolates, 93.51% (n = 793) of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant to most of the current generation antibiotics. Among the major isolates, 96.46% (n = 273) of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant to 30 antibiotics and they were identified to be Escherichia coli by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Similarly, 93.85% (n = 107), 94.49% (n = 103), and 90.22% (n = 157) of the isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance to 32, 40, and 37 antibiotics, and they were identified to be Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas trivialis, and Shigella sonnei, respectively. The molecular studies suggested the prevalence of bla TEM genes in all the four isolates and dhfr gene in Escherichia coli and Sh. sonnei. Analogously, most of the other Gram-negative bacteria were found to be multidrug-resistant and the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the water samples were found to be methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This is probably the first study elucidating the bacterial pollution and antibiotic sensitivity profiling of fecal coliforms isolated from River Cauvery, Karnataka, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinosh Skariyachan
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Dayananda Sagar Institutions, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 078, India,
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192
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Iweriebor BC, Gaqavu S, Obi LC, Nwodo UU, Okoh AI. Antibiotic susceptibilities of enterococcus species isolated from hospital and domestic wastewater effluents in alice, eastern cape province of South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4231-46. [PMID: 25893999 PMCID: PMC4410244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms are on the increase worldwide and are responsible for substantial cases of therapeutic failures. Resistance of species of Enterococcus to antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance determinants in nature, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be one of the main reservoirs of such antibiotic resistant bacteria. We therefore determined the antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of some common Enterococcus spp that are known to be associated with human infections that were recovered from hospital wastewater and final effluent of the receiving wastewater treatment plant in Alice, Eastern Cape. Methods: Wastewater samples were simultaneously collected from two sites (Victoria hospital and final effluents of a municipal WWTP) in Alice at about one to two weeks interval during the months of July and August 2014. Samples were screened for the isolation of enterococci using standard microbiological methods. The isolates were profiled molecularly after targeted generic identification and speciation for the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: Out of 66 presumptive isolates, 62 were confirmed to belong to the Enterococcus genusof which 30 were identified to be E. faecalis and 15 E. durans. The remaining isolates were not identified by the primers used in the screening procedure. Out of the six virulence genes that were targeted only three of them; ace, efaA, and gelE were detected. There was a very high phenotypic multiple resistance among the isolates and these were confirmed by genetic analyses. Conclusions: Analyses of the results obtained indicated that hospital wastewater may be one of the sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the receiving WWTP. Also, findings revealed that the final effluent discharged into the environment was contaminated with multi-resistant enterococci species thus posing a health hazard to the receiving aquatic environment as these could eventually be transmitted to humans and animals that are exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Chuks Iweriebor
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Sisipho Gaqavu
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Larry Chikwelu Obi
- Academic and Research Division, University of Fort Hare, King Williams Road, Alice 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare,1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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193
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Alexander J, Bollmann A, Seitz W, Schwartz T. Microbiological characterization of aquatic microbiomes targeting taxonomical marker genes and antibiotic resistance genes of opportunistic bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:316-325. [PMID: 25634736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of medically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (blaVIM-1, vanA, ampC, ermB, and mecA) and opportunistic bacteria (Enterococcus faecium/faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and CNS) was determined in different anthropogenically influenced aquatic habitats in a selected region of Germany. Over a period of two years, four differently sized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with and without clinical influence, three surface waters, four rain overflow basins, and three groundwater sites were analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Results were calculated in cell equivalents per 100 ng of total DNA extracted from water samples and per 100 mL sample volume, which seems to underestimate the abundance of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic bacteria. High abundances of opportunistic bacteria and ARG were quantified in clinical wastewaters and influents of the adjacent WWTP. The removal capacities of WWTP were up to 99% for some, but not all investigated bacteria. The abundances of most ARG targets were found to be increased in the bacterial population after conventional wastewater treatment. As a consequence, downstream surface water and also some groundwater compartments displayed high abundances of all four ARGs. It became obvious that the dynamics of the ARG differed from the fate of the opportunistic bacteria. This underlines the necessity of an advanced microbial characterization of anthropogenically influenced environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alexander
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology at Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Bollmann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslaboratorium, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Betriebs- und Forschungslaboratorium, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology at Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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194
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Abstract
Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for genomic complexity, generating phenotypic diversity and shaping adaptive responses. In recent times, they have had a major role in the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Assessing the ongoing threats posed by integrons requires an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era. It shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Finally, it examines the potential consequences of widespread pollution with the novel integrons that have been assembled via the agency of human antibiotic use and speculates on the potential uses of integrons as platforms for biotechnology.
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195
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Barkovskii A, Babb C, Hurley D, Shin E. Origins and environmental mobility of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and bacteria in a tidal creek's watershed. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:764-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C.M. Babb
- Georgia College & State University; Milledgeville GA USA
| | - D. Hurley
- Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve; Sapelo Island GA USA
| | - E. Shin
- Georgia College & State University; Milledgeville GA USA
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196
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Bengtsson-Palme J, Boulund F, Fick J, Kristiansson E, Larsson DGJ. Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:648. [PMID: 25520706 PMCID: PMC4251439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for an environmental origin of many antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, it is important to identify environments of particular risk for selecting and maintaining such resistance factors. In this study, we described the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in an Indian lake subjected to industrial pollution with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. We also assessed the genetic context of the identified resistance genes, to try to predict their genetic transferability. The lake harbored a wide range of resistance genes (81 identified gene types) against essentially every major class of antibiotics, as well as genes responsible for mobilization of genetic material. Resistance genes were estimated to be 7000 times more abundant than in a Swedish lake included for comparison, where only eight resistance genes were found. The sul2 and qnrD genes were the most common resistance genes in the Indian lake. Twenty-six known and 21 putative novel plasmids were recovered in the Indian lake metagenome, which, together with the genes found, indicate a large potential for horizontal gene transfer through conjugation. Interestingly, the microbial community of the lake still included a wide range of taxa, suggesting that, across most phyla, bacteria has adapted relatively well to this highly polluted environment. Based on the wide range and high abundance of known resistance factors we have detected, it is plausible that yet unrecognized resistance genes are also present in the lake. Thus, we conclude that environments polluted with waste from antibiotic manufacturing could be important reservoirs for mobile antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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197
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Concepción Porrero M, Harrison EM, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Paterson GK, Díez-Guerrier A, Holmes MA, Domínguez L. Detection of mecC-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in river water: a potential role for water in the environmental dissemination. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 6:705-708. [PMID: 25756123 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a public health concern due to limited treatment options. The recent description of a mecA homologue, mecC in human and cattle, led to studies to detect this new variant in human and other animal species. Detection of mecC in wild boar and fallow deer in a Spanish game estate led us to further investigate the presence of mecC-MRSA at this location. Samples from cattle, wild animals, workers and river water were tested. A further three mecC-MRSA isolates were obtained from river water. Molecular characterization (multilocus sequence typing and spa typing) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (broth microdilution) showed that isolates were similar to those detected in wild animals. Whole genome sequencing confirmed that the isolates from the river water and wild animals in the same geographic area were all closely related isolates of ST425 mecC-MRSA. The presence of mecC-MRSA in the river water highlights the potential role of water in the dissemination of mecC-MRSA.
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198
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Coutinho FH, Silveira CB, Pinto LH, Salloto GRB, Cardoso AM, Martins OB, Vieira RP, Clementino MM. Antibiotic resistance is widespread in urban aquatic environments of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:441-452. [PMID: 24821495 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a public health issue. Over the years, pathogenic organisms with resistance traits have been studied due to the threat they pose to human well-being. However, several studies raised awareness to the often disregarded importance of environmental bacteria as sources of resistance mechanisms. In this work, we analyze the diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria occurring in aquatic environments of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, that are subjected to distinct degrees of anthropogenic impacts. We access the diversity of aquatic bacteria capable of growing in increasing ampicillin concentrations through 16S rRNA gene libraries. This analysis is complemented by the characterization of antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates obtained from urban aquatic environments. We detect communities capable of tolerating antibiotic concentrations up to 600 times higher than the clinical levels. Among the resistant organisms are included potentially pathogenic species, some of them classified as multiresistant. Our results extend the knowledge of the diversity of antibiotic resistance among environmental microorganisms and provide evidence that the diversity of drug-resistant bacteria in aquatic habitats can be influenced by pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Coutinho
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
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199
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Machado A, Bordalo AA. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from drinking well water available in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:188-194. [PMID: 24846754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes are a major public health concern worldwide, being even proposed as emerging contaminants. The aquatic environment is a recognized reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes have been recently detected in drinking water. In this study, the water quality and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic culturable bacteria were characterized seasonally in wells that serve the population of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) as the sole source of water for drinking and other domestic proposes. The results revealed that well water was unfit for human consumption independently of the season, owing to high acidity and heavy fecal contamination. Moreover, potentially pathogenic bacteria, which showed resistance to the most prescribed antibiotics in Guinea-Bissau, were isolated from well water, posing an additional health risk. Our results suggest that well water not only fosters the transmission of potential pathogenic bacteria, but also represents an important reservoir for the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria, that can aggravate the potential to cause disease in a very vulnerable population that has no other alternative but to consume such water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Machado
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR ), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A A Bordalo
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR ), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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200
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Calero-Cáceres W, Melgarejo A, Colomer-Lluch M, Stoll C, Lucena F, Jofre J, Muniesa M. Sludge as a potential important source of antibiotic resistance genes in both the bacterial and bacteriophage fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7602-11. [PMID: 24873655 DOI: 10.1021/es501851s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a serious global health concern. ARGs found in bacteria can become mobilized in bacteriophage particles in the environment. Sludge derived from secondary treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) constitutes a concentrated pool of bacteria and phages that are removed during the treatment process. This study evaluates the prevalence of ARGs in the bacterial and phage fractions of anaerobic digested sludge; five ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrA, qnrS, and sul1) are quantified by qPCR. Comparison between the wastewater and sludge revealed a shift in the prevalence of ARGs (blaTEM and sul1 became more prevalent in sludge), suggesting there is a change in the bacterial and phage populations from wastewater to those selected during the secondary treatment and the later anaerobic mesophilic digestion of the sludge. ARGs densities were higher in the bacterial than in the phage fraction, with high densities in both fractions; particularly for blaTEM and sul1 (5 and 8 log10 gene copies (GC)/g, respectively, in bacterial DNA; 5.5 and 4.4 log10 GC/g, respectively, in phage DNA). These results question the potential agricultural uses of treated sludge, as it could contribute to the spread of ARGs in the environment and have an impact on the bacterial communities of the receiving ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calero-Cáceres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona , Diagonal 643, Annex, Floor 0, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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