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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Niaz K, Jeandet P, Clément C, Mathew B, Rauf A, Rengasamy KR, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Ashraf GM, Aleya L. Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Promise of Flavonoids against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061267. [PMID: 32168835 PMCID: PMC7143946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the utmost chronic neurodegenerative disorders, which is characterized from a neuropathological point of view by the aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that are deposited as senile plaques and tau proteins which form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Even though advancement has been observed in order to understand AD pathogenesis, currently available therapeutic methods can only deliver modest symptomatic relief. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids have gained substantial attention due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties as alternative candidates for AD therapy. Experimental proof provides support to the idea that some flavonoids might protect AD by interfering with the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and/or decreasing the aggregation of tau. Flavonoids have the ability to promote clearance of Aβ peptides and inhibit tau phosphorylation by the mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. Moreover, due to their cholinesterase inhibitory potential, flavonoids can represent promising symptomatic anti-Alzheimer agents. Several processes have been suggested for the aptitude of flavonoids to slow down the advancement or to avert the onset of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis. To enhance cognitive performance and to prevent the onset and progress of AD, the interaction of flavonoids with various signaling pathways is proposed to exert their therapeutic potential. Therefore, this review elaborates on the probable therapeutic approaches of flavonoids aimed at averting or slowing the progression of the AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (M.S.U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +880-1710220110 (M.S.U.); +33-3-26913-341 (P.J.)
| | | | - Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France
- Correspondence: or (M.S.U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +880-1710220110 (M.S.U.); +33-3-26913-341 (P.J.)
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala 678557, India
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030 Besançon, France
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152
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Oral Administration of Alpha Linoleic Acid Rescues Aβ-Induced Glia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction in C57BL/6N Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030667. [PMID: 32182943 PMCID: PMC7140708 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the effects of alpha linoleic acid (ALA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on amyloid-beta-induced glial-cell-mediated neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, and cognitive dysfunction in mice. After an infusion of Aβ1-42 (Aβ1-42, 5 μL/5 min/mouse, intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v), and respective treatments of ALA (60 mg/kg per oral for six weeks), neuroinflammation, apoptotic markers, and synaptic markers were evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. According to our findings, the infusion of Aβ1-42 activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the frontal cortices and hippocampi of the Aβ1-42-injected mice to a greater extent than the Aβ1-42 + ALA-cotreated mice. Similarly, there was an elevated expression of phospho-c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phospho-nuclear factor-kB p65 (p-NF-kB p65 (Ser536)), and tissue necrosis factor (TNF) in the Aβ1-42 infused mouse brains; interestingly, these markers were significantly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. The elevated expression of pro-apoptotic markers was observed during apoptotic cell death in the Aβ1-42-treated mouse brains, whereas these markers were markedly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. Moreover, Aβ1-42 infusion significantly increased amyloidogenesis, as assessed by the enhanced expression of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) beta-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) and amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) in the mouse brains, whereas these proteins were markedly reduced in the Aβ + ALA-cotreated group. We also checked the effects of ALA against Aβ-triggered synaptic dysfunction and memory dysfunction, showing that ALA significantly improved memory and synaptic functions in Aβ-treated mouse brains. These results indicated that ALA could be an applicable intervention in neuroinflammation, apoptotic cell loss, amyloidogenesis, and memory dysfunction via the inhibition of TLR4 and its downstream targets in Aβ + ALA-cotreated mouse brains.
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153
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Barton SM, Janve VA, McClure R, Anderson A, Matsubara JA, Gore JC, Pham W. Lipopolysaccharide Induced Opening of the Blood Brain Barrier on Aging 5XFAD Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:503-513. [PMID: 30584141 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of neurotherapeutics for many neurodegenerative diseases has largely been hindered by limited pharmacologic penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previous attempts to target and clear amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a key mediator of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), have had limited clinical success due to low bioavailability in the brain because of the BBB. Here we test the effects of inducing an inflammatory response to disrupt the BBB in the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin recognized by the innate immune system, was injected at varying doses. 24 hours later, mice were injected with either thioflavin S, a fluorescent Aβ-binding small molecule or 30 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, both of which are unable to penetrate the BBB under normal physiologic conditions. Our results showed that when pretreated with 3.0 mg/kg LPS, thioflavin S can be found in the brain bound to Aβ plaques in aged 5XFAD transgenic mice. Following the same LPS pretreatment, SPIO nanoparticles could also be found in the brain. However, when done on wild type or young 5XFAD mice, limited SPIO was detected. Our results suggest that the BBB in aged 5XFAD mouse model is susceptible to increased permeability mediated by LPS, allowing for improved delivery of the small molecule thioflavin S to target Aβ plaques and SPIO nanoparticles, which are significantly larger than antibodies used in clinical trials for immunotherapy of AD. Although this approach demonstrated efficacy for improved delivery to the brain, LPS treatment resulted in significant weight loss even at low doses, resulting from the induced inflammatory response. These findings suggest inducing inflammation can improve delivery of small and large materials to the brain for improved therapeutic or diagnostic efficacy. However, this approach must be balanced with the risks of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Barton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Janve
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard McClure
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
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154
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Schneider L, Reichert E, Faulkner J, Reichert B, Sonnen J, Hawryluk GWJ. CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration: sequelae of peripheral inoculation with spinal cord tissue in rat. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:933-944. [PMID: 30717048 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.jns181517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research demonstrates that victims of spinal cord injury (SCI) are at increased risk for dementia and that encephalitis can occur as a consequence of isolated SCI. We theorize that autoimmunity to the central nervous system (CNS) could explain these phenomena and undertook this study to determine whether peripheral inoculation with spinal cord homogenate on 1 or 2 occasions is associated with CNS-directed autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in a rat model. METHODS Rats were subcutaneously inoculated with saline or 75 mg of allogeneic spinal cord tissue on 1 or 2 occasions. Animals underwent Morris Water Maze testing, and serial serum samples were collected. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks following the first inoculation. Autoantibody titers to myelin antigens MAG and GM1 were measured in serum. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify autoantibodies targeting NeuN-labeled neurons and CC1-labeled oligodendrocytes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were performed for pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the cell death marker caspase 3 as well as the neurodegenerative proteins tau and β-amyloid in both brain and spinal cord. Fluoro-Jade B was used to stain degenerating neurons, facilitating counting. RESULTS Animals inoculated with spinal cord homogenate exhibited increased titers of autoantibodies to MAG and GM1 and autoantibodies binding to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Double-inoculated animals demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain (TNF-α, p = 0.016; IL-6, p = 0.009) as well as the spinal cord (TNF-α, p = 0.024; IL-6, p = 0.002). The number of degenerating neurons was significantly increased in the brain and spinal cord of inoculated animals (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.028, respectively). Elevated expression of tau and β-amyloid was seen in brain of double-inoculated animals (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009, respectively). Inflammatory marker expression in the brain was positively correlated with anti-myelin autoimmune antibody titers and with tau expression in the brain. Inoculated animals showed impaired memory function in Morris Water Maze testing (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The results of these experiments demonstrate that peripheral exposure to spinal cord antigens is associated with CNS-directed autoimmunity and inflammation in the brain and spinal cord as well as degeneration of CNS cells, memory impairment, and production of neurodegenerative proteins particularly when this exposure is repeated. These data support CNS autoimmunity as a candidate mechanism for the dementia that can follow SCI and perhaps other posttraumatic dementias such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joshua Sonnen
- 3Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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155
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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156
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Zhang L, Dong ZF, Zhang JY. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 246:117405. [PMID: 32035129 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and is characterized by gradual loss in memory, language, and cognitive function. The hallmarks of AD include extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neuronal fiber entanglement, and neuronal loss. Despite strenuous efforts toward improvement of AD, there remains a lack of effective treatment and current pharmaceutical therapies only alleviate the symptoms for a short period of time. Interestingly, some progress has been achieved in treatment of AD based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in recent years. MSC transplantation, as a rising therapy, is used as an intervention in AD, because of the enormous potential of MSCs, including differentiation potency, immunoregulatory function, and no immunological rejection. Although numerous strategies have focused on the use of MSCs to replace apoptotic or degenerating neurons, recent studies have implied that MSC-immunoregulation, which modulates the activity state of microglia or astrocytes and mediates neuroinflammation via several transcription factors (NFs) signaling pathways, may act as a major mechanism for the therapeutic efficacy of MSC and be responsible for some of the satisfactory results. In this review, we will focus on the role of MSC-immunoregulation in MSC-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Dong
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Jie-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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157
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Zheng Y, Deng Y, Gao JM, Lv C, Lang LH, Shi JS, Yu CY, Gong QH. Icariside II inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and amyloid production in rat astrocytes by regulating IKK/IκB/NF-κB/BACE1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:154-162. [PMID: 31554962 PMCID: PMC7470889 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) is one of the inducing factors of astrocytes activation and neuroinflammation, and it is also a crucial factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariside II (ICS II) is an active component isolated from a traditional Chinese herb Epimedium, which has shown to attnuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. In this study we investigated the effects of ICS II on LPS-induced astrocytes activation and Aβ accumulation. Primary rat astrocytes were pretreated with ICS II (5, 10, and 20 μM) or dexamethasone (DXMS, 1 μM) for 1 h, thereafter, treated with LPS for another 24 h. We found that ICS II pretreatment dose dependently mitigated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the astrocytes. Moreover, ICS II not only exerted the inhibitory effect on LPS-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation, but also decreased the levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta secretase 1 (BACE1) in the astrocytes. Interestingly, molecular docking revealed that ICS II might directly bind to BACE1. It is concluded that ICS II has potential value as a new therapeutic agent to treat neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian-Mei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chun Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ling-Hu Lang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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158
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Jia Y, Deng H, Qin Q, Ma Z. JWH133 inhibits MPP+-induced inflammatory response and iron influx in astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2020; 720:134779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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159
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Limbad C, Oron TR, Alimirah F, Davalos AR, Tracy TE, Gan L, Desprez PY, Campisi J. Astrocyte senescence promotes glutamate toxicity in cortical neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227887. [PMID: 31945125 PMCID: PMC6964973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major age-related pathology. Cognitive decline is characteristic of patients with Alzheimer’s and related dementias and cancer patients after chemo- or radio-therapies. A recently emerged driver of these and other age-related pathologies is cellular senescence, a cell fate that entails a permanent cell cycle arrest and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although there is a link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, there are many open questions regarding how cellular senescence affects neurodegenerative pathologies. Among the various cell types in the brain, astrocytes are the most abundant. Astrocytes have proliferative capacity and are essential for neuron survival. Here, we investigated the phenotype of primary human astrocytes made senescent by X-irradiation, and identified genes encoding glutamate and potassium transporters as specifically downregulated upon senescence. This down regulation led to neuronal cell death in co-culture assays. Unbiased RNA sequencing of transcripts expressed by non-senescent and senescent astrocytes confirmed that glutamate homeostasis pathway declines upon senescence. Our results suggest a key role for cellular senescence, particularly in astrocytes, in excitotoxicity, which may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tal Ronnen Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Fatouma Alimirah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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160
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De Biase D, Piegari G, Prisco F, Cimmino I, Pirozzi C, Mattace Raso G, Oriente F, Grieco E, Papparella S, Paciello O. Autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk in neuroinflammation in aged bovine brains. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5394-5403. [PMID: 31903559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that can sense several stimuli such as autophagy dysregulation and increased reactive oxygen species production stimulating inflammation by priming the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in their active form. In the aging brain, these cytokines can mediate the innate immunity response priming microglial activation. Here, we describe the results of immunohistochemical and molecular analysis carried out on bovine brains. Our results support the hypothesis that the age-related impairment in cellular housekeeping mechanisms and the increased oxidative stress can trigger the inflammatory danger sensor NLRP3. Moreover, according to the recent scientific literature, we demonstrate the presence of an age-related proinflammatory environment in aged brains consisting in an upregulation of interleukin-1β, an increased microglial activation and increased NLRP3 expression. Finally, we suggest that bovine may potentially be a pivotal animal model for brain aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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161
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Zhou YL, Yan YM, Li SY, He DH, Xiong S, Wei SF, Liu W, Hu L, Wang Q, Pan HF, Cheng YX, Liu YQ. 6-O-angeloylplenolin exerts neuroprotection against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:10-21. [PMID: 31213669 PMCID: PMC7470812 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the critical events in neurodegenerative diseases, whereas microglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of a natural sesquiterpene lactone, 6-O-angeloylplenolin (6-OAP), isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Centipeda minima (L.) A.Br., on neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caused activation of BV2 and primary microglial cells and development of neuroinflammation in vitro, evidenced by increased production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and the transcriptional upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS, leading to increased production of proinflammatory factors NO and PGE2. Moreover, LPS treatment induced oxidative stress through increasing the expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4. Pretreatment with 6-OAP (0.5−4 μM) dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and oxidative stress, thus suppressed neuroinflammation in the cells. In a mouse model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, 6-OAP (5−20 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip, for 7 days before LPS injection) dose-dependently inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the expression of inflammatory enzymes in brain tissues. 6-OAP pretreatment significantly ameliorated the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brains. 6-OAP at a high dose caused a much stronger antineuroinflammatory effect than dexamethansone (DEX). Furthermore, we demonstrated that 6-OAP pretreatment could inhibit LPS-induced neurite and synaptic loss in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 6-OAP exerts antineuroinflammatory effects and can be considered a novel drug candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Khan H, Ullah H, Tundis R, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Daglia M, Cetin Z, Saygili EI, Campos MDG, Capanoglu E, Du M, Dar P, Xiao J. Dietary Flavonoids in the Management of Huntington’s Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Perspective. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200203.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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163
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Lee HT, Lee KI, Chen CH, Lee TS. Genetic deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase delays the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:267. [PMID: 31847859 PMCID: PMC6916033 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme with COOH-terminal hydrolase and NH2-terminal lipid phosphatase activities. It is expressed in various cell types in the brain and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. However, the pathological significance of sEH and underlying molecular mechanism in AD remain unclear. Methods To examine the role of sEH in pathogenesis of AD, we used wild-type (WT) mice, soluble epoxide hydrolase deficient (sEH−/−) and two mouse models of AD, including amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) and APP/PS1 Tg/sEH−/− mice. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry assay were performed to evaluate the protein expression. Locomotion, nesting building ability, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tests were conducted to study mouse behavior. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and the activities of NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) were measured by commercial assay kits. The quantitative protein level profiling in the brain lysate was analyzed using LC-MS/MS approaches. Results We demonstrated that the level of sEH was increased in the brain and predominantly appeared in hippocampal astrocytes of APP/PS1 Tg mice. Genetic ablation of sEH in APP/PS1 Tg mice delayed the progression of AD as evidenced by the alleviation in behavior outcomes and Aβ plaque deposition. In addition, loss of the function of sEH in APP/PS1 Tg mice increased astrogliosis and the production of astrocyte-derived anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10, as well as the activity of NF-kB and NFAT. Moreover, analysis of gene ontology in the AD brain revealed that important signaling pathways and processes related to AD pathogenesis such as translational regulation, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton reorganization, and small GTPase signal transduction were altered in APP/PS1 Tg/sEH−/− mice compared with APP/PS1 Tg mice. Conclusion Our results suggest that sEH is a crucial regulator in the progression of AD and might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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164
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Pereira CF, Santos AE, Moreira PI, Pereira AC, Sousa FJ, Cardoso SM, Cruz MT. Is Alzheimer's disease an inflammasomopathy? Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100966. [PMID: 31577960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and, despite the tremendous efforts researchers have put into AD research, there are no effective options for prevention and treatment of the disease. The best way to reach this goal is to clarify the mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of AD. In the last few years the views about the drivers of AD have been changing and nowadays it is believed that neuroinflammation takes center stage in disease pathogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview about the role of neuroinflammation in AD describing the role of microglia and astroglia is this process. Then, we will debate the NLRP3 inflammasome putting the focus on its activation through the canonical, non-canonical and alternative pathways and the triggers involved herein namely endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species and amyloid β peptide. Data supporting the hypothesis that inflammasome-mediated peripheral inflammation may contribute to AD pathology will be presented. Finally, a brief discussion about the therapeutic potential of NLRP3 inflammasome modulation is also provided.
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165
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Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S82-92. [PMID: 31795607 PMCID: PMC6905205 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938214.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the production of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. Exercise, which plays an important role in maintaining and improving brain health, might be a highly effective intervention for preventing neuroinflammation-related diseases. Thus, since exercise can improve the neuroimmune response, we hypothesized that exercise would attenuate neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this review, we will highlight (1) the biological mechanisms that underlie AD, PD, ALS, and MS, including the neuroinflammation pathways associated with microglia activation, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species, and (2) the role of exercise in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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166
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Nouri M, Farajdokht F, Torbati M, Ranjbar F, Hamedyazdan S, Araj-khodaei M, Sadigh-Eteghad S. A Close Look at Echium amoenum Processing, Neuroactive Components, and Effects on Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1559. [PMID: 34466529 PMCID: PMC8343809 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological researches in the area of herbal medicine have considerably increased over the last two centuries. Echium amoenum (known as Gol-e-Gavzaban in Persian) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this review, databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up. Data collecting was completed by January 2019 and available scientific reports regarding the processing methods, main chemical constituents, and effects of E. amoenum on different neuropsychiatric disorders are summarized. Thirteen five studies met the inclusion criteria. According to results, the important phytochemicals of the plant was phenolic compounds, fatty acids, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. Also, experimental and clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of E. amoenum in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, ischemic stroke, seizure, Alzheimer's disease, and pain. Many of these effects are, at least in part, due to its rosmarinic acid or polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and natural pigments such as anthocyanins. Also, fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid play critical role in neuroactive properties of this herb. Among these effects, only the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the plant extract have been examined both experimentally and clinically. There was some controversy over its toxicity effects. It seems that E. amoenum protects neurons via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as blocking of apoptosis in the nervous system. However, more studies are necessary for assessing exact mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders, finding of bioactive ingredients, and processing methods of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nouri
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Psychiatry Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hamedyazdan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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167
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Nꭃ-nitro-l-arginine methyl model of pre-eclampsia elicits differential IBA1 and EAAT1 expressions in brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 100:101660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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168
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Yang T, Sun J, Wei B, Liu S. SENP1-mediated NEMO de-SUMOylation inhibits intermittent hypoxia induced inflammatory response of microglia in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3529-3538. [PMID: 31549402 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the seven small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific proteases (SENPs), our previous work showed that SENP1 suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and alleviates the inflammatory response in microglia. However, the mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were utilized for evaluating the extent of NF-κB activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. qPCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect SENP1 expression. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by western blot analysis was applied to measure the changes in SUMOylation of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and P65 in microglia with or without overexpression of SENP1. As the results, we found that intermittent hypoxia (IH) triggered the activation of NF-κB and upregulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Interestingly, our data indicated that the SUMOylation of NEMO was enhanced by IH while SUMOylation of P65 was not affected. Further, our data showed that overexpression of SENP1 could decrease the extent of NF-κB activation and inhibit the inflammatory response of microglia through regulating the SUMOylation of NEMO. Collectively, this study presents the first report of the SENP1-controlled de-SUMOylation process of NEMO and its critical role in regulating NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines secretion in microglia cells. This study would benefit for clarifying the role of SENP1 in IH-induced activation of microglia, thus providing potential therapeutic targets for obstructive sleep apnea treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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169
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Kisby B, Jarrell JT, Agar ME, Cohen DS, Rosin ER, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Huang X. Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential Alternative Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & PARKINSONISM 2019; 9. [PMID: 31588368 PMCID: PMC6777730 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects over 5 million individuals in the United States alone. Currently, there are only two kinds of pharmacological interventions available for symptomatic relief of AD; Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists and these drugs do not slow down or stop the progression of the disease. Several molecular targets have been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD, such as the tau (τ) protein, Amyloid-beta (Aβ), the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and more and several responses have also been observed in the advancement of the disease, such as reduced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and iron overload. In this review, we discuss general features of AD and several small molecules across different experimental AD drug classes that have been studied for their effects in the context of the molecular targets and responses associated with the AD progression. These drugs include: Paroxetine, Desferrioxamine (DFO), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Posiphen/-(−)Phenserine, JTR-009, Carvedilol, LY450139, Intravenous immunoglobulin G 10%, Indomethacin and Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Kisby
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juliet T Jarrell
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - M Enes Agar
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David S Cohen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eric R Rosin
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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170
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Guzman-Martinez L, Maccioni RB, Andrade V, Navarrete LP, Pastor MG, Ramos-Escobar N. Neuroinflammation as a Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1008. [PMID: 31572186 PMCID: PMC6751310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share the fact that they derive from altered proteins that undergo an unfolding process followed by formation of β-structures and a pathological tendency to self-aggregate in neuronal cells. This is a characteristic of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease and several tauopathies associated with tau unfolding, α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, and huntingtin in Huntington disease. Usually, the self-aggregation products are toxic to these cells, and toxicity spreads all over different brain areas. We have postulated that these protein unfolding events are the molecular alterations that trigger several neurodegenerative disorders. Most interestingly, these events occur as a result of neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the cross-talks between glial cells and neurons as a consequence of the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The model we have hypothesized for Alzheimer’s disease involves damage signals that promote glial activation, followed by nuclear factor NF-kβ activation, synthesis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12 that affect neuronal receptors with an overactivation of protein kinases. These patterns of pathological events can be applied to several neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the involvement of innate immunity seems to be a major paradigm in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This is an important element for the search for potential therapeutic approaches for all these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guzman-Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrade
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Patricio Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Pastor
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Ramos-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
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171
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Chavoshinezhad S, Mohseni Kouchesfahani H, Salehi MS, Pandamooz S, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Intranasal interferon beta improves memory and modulates inflammatory responses in a mutant APP-overexpressing rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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172
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Rizkalla MN, Henderson KK, Huntington-Alfano K, Heinking KP, Koronkiewicz A, Knees M, Hoffman H, Elahi F, Impens A. Does Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Make a Neuropsychological Difference in Adults With Pain? A Rationale for a New Approach. J Osteopath Med 2019; 118:617-622. [PMID: 30178052 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with pain. While symptoms of pain are effectively treated with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), the cognitive complaint is vastly ignored. Pain-induced cognitive dysfunction can be severe and is particularly apparent in working memory and attention. There is good reason to expect cognitive responsiveness to OMT. Previous research has reported the effects of OMT on related psychiatric outcomes, including relief from depression and anxiety, suggesting that OMT may produce more cortical benefits than is currently thought. The rationale to link OMT to cognition comes from the tenets of osteopathic medicine: body unity, homeostasis, and the structure-function relationship. The present article provides background evidence to support the hypothetical link between OMT and cognitive benefits and proposes a physiological mechanism of how OMT could exert its effect on cognition. Research strategies are discussed to test the hypotheses that are generated from the proposed theoretical framework.
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173
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Heckmann BL, Teubner BJW, Tummers B, Boada-Romero E, Harris L, Yang M, Guy CS, Zakharenko SS, Green DR. LC3-Associated Endocytosis Facilitates β-Amyloid Clearance and Mitigates Neurodegeneration in Murine Alzheimer's Disease. Cell 2019; 178:536-551.e14. [PMID: 31257024 PMCID: PMC6689199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of some proteins in the autophagy pathway declines with age, which may impact neurodegeneration in diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease. We have identified a novel non-canonical function of several autophagy proteins in the conjugation of LC3 to Rab5+, clathrin+ endosomes containing β-amyloid in a process of LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO). We found that LANDO in microglia is a critical regulator of immune-mediated aggregate removal and microglial activation in a murine model of AD. Mice lacking LANDO but not canonical autophagy in the myeloid compartment or specifically in microglia have a robust increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the hippocampus and increased levels of neurotoxic β-amyloid. This inflammation and β-amyloid deposition were associated with reactive microgliosis and tau hyperphosphorylation. LANDO-deficient AD mice displayed accelerated neurodegeneration, impaired neuronal signaling, and memory deficits. Our data support a protective role for LANDO in microglia in neurodegenerative pathologies resulting from β-amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradlee L Heckmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brett J W Teubner
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Emilio Boada-Romero
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lacie Harris
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mao Yang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Clifford S Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stanislav S Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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174
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Tenza-Ferrer H, Magno LAV, Romano-Silva MA, da Silva JF, Gomez MV. Phα1β Spider Toxin Reverses Glial Structural Plasticity Upon Peripheral Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:306. [PMID: 31354431 PMCID: PMC6635560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The incoming signals from injured sensory neurons upon peripheral inflammation are processed in the dorsal horn of spinal cord, where glial cells accumulate and play a critical role in initiating allodynia (increased pain in response to light-touch). However, how painful stimuli in the periphery engage glial reactivity in the spinal cord remains unclear. Here, we found that a hind paw inflammation induced by CFA produces robust morphological changes in spinal astrocytes and microglia compatible with the reactive phenotype. Strikingly, we discovered that a single intrathecal injection with venom peptides that inhibit calcium channels reversed all the glial pathological features of the peripheral inflammation. These effects were more apparent in rats treated with the Phα1β spider toxin (non-specific calcium channel antagonist) than ω-MVIIA cone snail toxin (selective N-type calcium channel antagonist). These data reveal for the first time a venom peptide acting on glial structural remodeling in vivo. We, therefore, suggest that calcium-dependent plasticity is an essential trigger for glial cells to initiate reactivity, which may represent a new target for the antinociceptive effects of Phα1β and ω-MVIIA toxins in inflammatory pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Tenza-Ferrer
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Figueira da Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxinas, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Gomez
- Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxinas, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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175
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Algae in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123061. [PMID: 31234555 PMCID: PMC6628294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the main contributors to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Microglial and astrocyte activation is a brain defense mechanism to counteract harmful pathogens and damaged tissues, while their prolonged activation induces neuroinflammation that can trigger or exacerbate neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, to date there are no pharmacological therapies able to slow down or stop the progression of neurodegeneration. For this reason, research is turning to the identification of natural compounds with protective action against these diseases. Considering the important role of neuroinflammation in the onset and development of neurodegenerative pathologies, natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Marine organisms represent a huge source of natural compounds, and among them, algae are appreciated sources of important bioactive components such as antioxidants, proteins, vitamins, minerals, soluble dietary fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, terpenes, phycobilins, phycocolloids, and phycocyanins. Recently, numerous anti-inflammatory compounds have been isolated from marine algae with potential protective efficacy against neuroinflammation. This review highlights the key inflammatory processes involved in neurodegeneration and the potential of specific compounds from marine algae to counteract neuroinflammation in the CNS.
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176
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Tom S, Rane A, Katewa AS, Chamoli M, Matsumoto RR, Andersen JK, Chinta SJ. Gedunin Inhibits Oligomeric Aβ1–42-Induced Microglia Activation Via Modulation of Nrf2-NF-κB Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7851-7862. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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177
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Andrade S, Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Pereira MDC. Natural Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2313. [PMID: 31083327 PMCID: PMC6539304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related with the increase of age and it is the main cause of dementia in the world. AD affects cognitive functions, such as memory, with an intensity that leads to several functional losses. The continuous increase of AD incidence demands for an urgent development of effective therapeutic strategies. Despite the extensive research on this disease, only a few drugs able to delay the progression of the disease are currently available. In the last years, several compounds with pharmacological activities isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms, revealed to have beneficial effects for the treatment of AD, targeting different pathological mechanisms. Thus, a wide range of natural compounds may play a relevant role in the prevention of AD and have proven to be efficient in different preclinical and clinical studies. This work aims to review the natural compounds that until this date were described as having significant benefits for this neurological disease, focusing on studies that present clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andrade
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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178
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Saputra WD, Aoyama N, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Menaquinone-4 Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in MG6 Mouse Microglia-Derived Cells by Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2317. [PMID: 31083359 PMCID: PMC6540242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The overactivation of microglia is known to trigger inflammatory reactions in the central nervous system, which ultimately induce neuroinflammatory disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, increasing evidence has shown that menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2, can attenuate inflammation in the peripheral system. Whereas it was also observed at high levels within the brain, its function in this organ has not been well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the effect of MK-4 on microglial activation and clarified the underlying mechanism. Mouse microglia-derived MG6 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either with or without MK-4 pretreatment. Cell responses with respect to inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Il-6) were measured by qRT-PCR. We further analyzed the phosphorylation of TAK1, IKKα/β, and p65 of the NF-κB subunit by Western blotting. We observed that in LPS-induced MG6 cells, MK-4 dose-dependently suppressed the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines at the mRNA level. It also significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p65, but did not affect that TAK1 and IKKα/β. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-induced MG6 cells was inhibited by MK-4. These results indicate that MK-4 attenuates microglial inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Dwi Saputra
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Nao Aoyama
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
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179
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Liu W, Huang S, Li Y, Zhang K, Zheng X. Suppressive effect of glycyrrhizic acid against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in C57 mice via toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1516. [PMID: 31073286 PMCID: PMC6495270 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA), a major active ingredient enriched in the roots of licorice, possesses well-confirmed anti-inflammatory effects. Objective To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of GA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Design We explored to investigate the effects of GA on neuroinflammation and memory impairment in an LPS-induced Alzheimer’s mouse model. Results Data of micro-PET/CT imaging and morris water maze test suggested that GA, when administrated orally, could reverse LPS-induced abnormalized glucose intake and metabolism in the brain and alleviate LPS-induced memory loss and cognitive defects in mice. Histological and immunohistochemical staining results revealed that GA treatment suppressed overexpressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-1 β and TNF-α in the brain of C57 mice by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway activation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GA may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthycare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglian Li
- School of Eco-environment Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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180
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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181
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Ahmad MH, Fatima M, Mondal AC. Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Insulin Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 77:197-205. [PMID: 30605907 DOI: 10.1159/000495521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the commonest progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, is clinically characterized by the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Recent studies suggest a relationship between the endocrinal dysregulation and the neuronal loss during the AD pathology. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis regulating circulating levels of glucocorticoid hormones has been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, dysregulated insulin signaling, impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance are some of the prime factors in the onset/progression of AD. In this review, we have discussed the changes in HPA and HPG axes, implicated insulin resistance/signaling and glucose regulation during the onset/progression of AD. Therefore, simultaneous detection of these endocrinal markers in the early or presymptomatic stages may help in the early diagnosis of AD. This evidence for implicated endocrinal functions supports the fact that modulation of endocrinal pathways can be used as therapeutic targets for AD. Future studies need to determine how the induction or inhibition of endocrinal targets could be used for predictable neuroprotection in AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
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182
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Sharma R, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Traditional Ayurvedic and herbal remedies for Alzheimer's disease: from bench to bedside. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:359-374. [PMID: 30884983 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1596803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder prevalent worldwide among elderly populations. Owing to limited efficacy, side effects, and poor patient compliance for current rationally designed therapies, options are being searched from alternate therapies such as Indian (Ayurvedic), Chinese, or other traditional systems. Areas covered: Following a comprehensive literature search, the authors provide a review encompassing: (1) pathophysiological changes involved in AD, (2) Ayurvedic holistic approach and herbal medicines to manage dementia and AD, and (3) traditional plants and their phytoconstituents effective in AD with description of possible mechanism of action. Expert opinion: Traditional remedies could be adjunct therapeutic options to allay wide-ranging pathological cascades of AD. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach of treatment along with a list of nootropic herbs and formulations that are the rich sources of antioxidants, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compounds that are found to modulate neuroendocrine-immune activities, enhance memory, intellect, rejuvenate brain functions, and improve quality of life. A strong knowledge base of traditional systems coupled with contemporary science may provide new functional leads for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders at preventive, promotive, and curative levels, and evolution of new drug therapies and development processes, though further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- a Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development , CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India , Bidhannagar , Kolkata , India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Atul Kabra
- c Department of Pharmacology , Kota College of Pharmacy , Kota , Rajasthan , India
| | - M M Rao
- d Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development , Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India , Bidhannagar , Kolkata , India
| | - P K Prajapati
- e Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana , All India Institute of Ayurveda , New Delhi , India
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183
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Ghasemi F, Bagheri H, Barreto GE, Read MI, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Microglial Cells. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:12-26. [PMID: 30949950 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune system cells which reside in the central nervous system (CNS). Resting microglia regulate the homeostasis of the CNS via phagocytic activity to clear pathogens and cell debris. Sometimes, however, to protect neurons and fight invading pathogens, resting microglia transform to an activated-form, producing inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, iNOS/NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Excessive inflammation, however, leads to damaged neurons and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Curcumin is a phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa. It is widely used in Asia and has many therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-mutagenic, anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory, especially with respect to neuroinflammation and neurological disorders (NDs). Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule that inhibits microglia transformation, inflammatory mediators and subsequent NDs. In this mini-review, we discuss the effects of curcumin on microglia and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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184
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Electro-acupuncture therapy to improve spatial learning and memory in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice through the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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185
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Sutphen CL, Cruchaga C, Blazey T, Gordon BA, Su Y, Chen C, Shimony JS, Ances BM, Cairns NJ, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS. Quantification of white matter cellularity and damage in preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101767. [PMID: 30901713 PMCID: PMC6428957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in understanding the roles of white matter (WM) inflammation and damage in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been growing significantly in recent years. However, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for imaging inflammation are still lacking. An advanced diffusion-based MRI method, neuro-inflammation imaging (NII), has been developed to clinically image and quantify WM inflammation and damage in AD. Here, we employed NII measures in conjunction with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker classification (for β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurodegeneration) to evaluate 200 participants in an ongoing study of memory and aging. Elevated NII-derived cellular diffusivity was observed in both preclinical and early symptomatic phases of AD, while disruption of WM integrity, as detected by decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased radial diffusivity (RD), was only observed in the symptomatic phase of AD. This may suggest that WM inflammation occurs earlier than WM damage following abnormal Aβ accumulation in AD. The negative correlation between NII-derived cellular diffusivity and CSF Aβ42 level (a marker of amyloidosis) may indicate that WM inflammation is associated with increasing Aβ burden. NII-derived FA also negatively correlated with CSF t-tau level (a marker of neurodegeneration), suggesting that disruption of WM integrity is associated with increasing neurodegeneration. Our findings demonstrated the capability of NII to simultaneously image and quantify WM cellularity changes and damage in preclinical and early symptomatic AD. NII may serve as a clinically feasible imaging tool to study the individual and composite roles of WM inflammation and damage in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering & Applied Science, St. Louis, MO 63015, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Courtney L Sutphen
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Charlie Chen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, 4488 Forest Park, Suite 101, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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186
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Tangestani Fard M, Stough C. A Review and Hypothesized Model of the Mechanisms That Underpin the Relationship Between Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:56. [PMID: 30930767 PMCID: PMC6425084 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with increased risk for several disorders including dementias, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. Age is also associated with cognitive decline particularly in cognitive domains associated with memory and processing speed. With increasing life expectancies in many countries, the number of people experiencing age-associated cognitive impairment is increasing and therefore from both economic and social terms the amelioration or slowing of cognitive aging is an important target for future research. However, the biological causes of age associated cognitive decline are not yet, well understood. In the current review, we outline the role of inflammation in cognitive aging and describe the role of several inflammatory processes, including inflamm-aging, vascular inflammation, and neuroinflammation which have both direct effect on brain function and indirect effects on brain function via changes in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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187
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
- Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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188
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Wilson H, Pagano G, Politis M. Dementia spectrum disorders: lessons learnt from decades with PET research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:233-251. [PMID: 30762136 PMCID: PMC6449308 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dementia spectrum encompasses a range of disorders with complex diagnosis, pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides insights into specific neurodegenerative processes underlying dementia disorders in vivo. Here we focus on some of the most common dementias: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism dementias including Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, and frontotemporal lobe degeneration. PET tracers have been developed to target specific proteinopathies (amyloid, tau and α-synuclein), glucose metabolism, cholinergic system and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown distinct imaging abnormalities can be detected early, in some cases prior to symptom onset, allowing disease progression to be monitored and providing the potential to predict symptom onset. Furthermore, advances in PET imaging have identified potential therapeutic targets and novel methods to accurately discriminate between different types of dementias in vivo. There are promising imaging markers with a clinical application on the horizon, however, further studies are required before they can be implantation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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189
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Mudò G, Frinchi M, Nuzzo D, Scaduto P, Plescia F, Massenti MF, Di Carlo M, Cannizzaro C, Cassata G, Cicero L, Ruscica M, Belluardo N, Grimaldi LM. Anti-inflammatory and cognitive effects of interferon-β1a (IFNβ1a) in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:44. [PMID: 30777084 PMCID: PMC6380058 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aβ1-42 peptide abnormal production is associated with the development and maintenance of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brains from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Suppression of neuroinflammation may then represent a suitable therapeutic target in AD. We evaluated the efficacy of IFNβ1a in attenuating cognitive impairment and inflammation in an animal model of AD. Methods A rat model of AD was obtained by intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 peptide (23 μg/2 μl). After 6 days, 3.6 μg of IFNβ1a was given subcutaneously (s.c.) for 12 days. Using the novel object recognition (NOR) test, we evaluated changes in cognitive function. Measurement of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and SOD activity levels was performed in the hippocampus. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s Protected Least Significant Difference (PLSD) test. Results We showed that treatment with IFNβ1a was able to reverse memory impairment and to counteract microglia activation and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β) in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected rats. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, significantly reduced in the Aβ1-42 animals, recovered to control levels following IFNβ1a treatment. IFNβ1a also reduced ROS and lipids peroxidation and increased SOD1 protein levels in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected rats. Conclusion This study shows that IFNβ1a is able to reverse the inflammatory and cognitive effects of intra-hippocampal Aβ1-42 in the rat. Given the role played by inflammation in AD pathogenesis and the established efficacy of IFNβ1a in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis, its use may be a viable strategy to inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress cascade associated with Aβ deposition in the hippocampus of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Scaduto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria F Massenti
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cassata
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Cicero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ruscica
- Neurology Department, Fondazione Istituto Giuseppe Giglio, Cefalù, PA, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Division of Human Physiology, University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi M Grimaldi
- Neurology Department, Fondazione Istituto Giuseppe Giglio, Cefalù, PA, Italy.
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190
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Methamphetamine regulates βAPP processing in human neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:20-25. [PMID: 30771376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a potent and highly addictive psychostimulant whose abuse has turned out to be a global health hazard. The multitudinous effects it exerts at the cellular level induces neurotoxic responses in the human brain, ultimately leading to neurocognitive disorders. Strikingly, brain changes, tissue damage and neuropsychological symptoms due to Meth exposure compels and necessitates to link the probability of risk of developing premature Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-β peptides and clinical dementia. These peptides are derived from sequential cleavages of the β-amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases. Previous studies reveals evidence for both positive and negative effects of Meth pertaining to cognitive functioning based on the dosage paradigm and duration of exposure revealing a beneficial psychotropic profile under some conditions and deleterious cognitive deficits under some others. In this context, we proposed to examine the effect of Meth on βAPP metabolism and βAPP-cleaving secretases in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Our results showed that Meth dose-dependently increases BACE1 expression and catalytic activity, while its effect on the α-cleavage of βAPP and on the expression and catalytic activity of the main α-secretase ADAM10 display a bell-curve shape. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that Meth can control βAPP-cleaving secretases. Moreover, we propose from these findings that the deleterious effect of Meth on cognitive decline might be an outcome of high dosage paradigm whereas acute and short-term drug use which stimulated sAPPα might produce improvements in cognition in disorders such as AD.
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191
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Phan TX, Malkani RG. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and stress intersect in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100133. [PMID: 30937343 PMCID: PMC6279965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was discovered and the pathological hallmarks were revealed more than a century ago. Subsequently, many remarkable discoveries and breakthroughs provided us with mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of AD. The identification of the molecular underpinning of the disease not only provided the framework of AD pathogenesis but also targets for therapeutic inventions. Despite all the initial successes, no effective treatment for AD has emerged yet as all the late stages of clinical trials have failed. Many factors ranging from genetic to environmental factors have been critically appraised as the potential causes of AD. In particular, the role of stress on AD has been intensively studied while the relationship between sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) and AD have recently emerged. SCRD has always been thought to be a corollary of AD pathologies until recently, multiple lines of evidence converge on the notion that SCRD might be a contributing factor in AD pathogenesis. More importantly, how stress and SCRD intersect and make their concerted contributions to AD phenotypes has not been reviewed. The goal of this literature review is to examine at multiple levels - molecular, cellular (e.g. microglia, gut microbiota) and holistic - how the interaction between stress and SCRD bi-directionally and synergistically exacerbate AD pathologies and cognitive impairment. AD, in turn, worsens stress and SCRD and forms the vicious cycle that perpetuates and amplifies AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trongha X. Phan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roneil G. Malkani
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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192
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Elfakhri KH, Abdallah IM, Brannen AD, Kaddoumi A. Multi-faceted therapeutic strategy for treatment of Alzheimer's disease by concurrent administration of etodolac and α-tocopherol. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:123-134. [PMID: 30710675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multiple dysfunctional pathways. Therefore, a sophisticated treatment strategy that simultaneously targets multiple brain cell types and disease pathways could be advantageous for effective intervention. To elucidate an effective treatment, we developed an in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to evaluate candidate drugs for their ability to enhance the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improve clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) using a cell-based BBB model. Results from HTS identified etodolac and α-tocopherol as promising drugs for further investigation. Both drugs were tested separately and in combination for the purpose of targeting multiple pathways including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro studies assessed the effects of etodolac and α-tocopherol individually and collectively for BBB integrity and Aβ transport, synaptic markers and Aβ production in APP-transfected neuronal cells, as well as effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in astrocytes. Transgenic 5XFAD mice were used to translate in vitro results of etodolac and α-tocopherol independently and with concurrent administration. Compared to either drug alone, the combination significantly enhanced the BBB function, decreased total Aβ load correlated with increased expression of major transport proteins, promoted APP processing towards the neuroprotective and non-amyloidogenic pathway, induced synaptic markers expression, and significantly reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Collective findings demonstrated the combination produced mixed interaction showing additive, less than additive or synergistic effects on the evaluated markers. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of combination therapy to simultaneously target multiple disease pathways, and suggest the repurposing and combination of etodolac and α-tocopherol as a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H Elfakhri
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Ihab M Abdallah
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Andrew D Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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193
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Beta-carotene, telomerase activity and Alzheimer’s disease in old age subjects. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:119-126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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194
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Xia W, Luo P, Hua P, Ding P, Li C, Xu J, Zhou H, Gu Q. Discovery of a New Pterocarpan-Type Antineuroinflammatory Compound from Sophora tonkinensis through Suppression of the TLR4/NFκB/MAPK Signaling Pathway with PU.1 as a Potential Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:295-303. [PMID: 30223643 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation underlies many neuro-degenerative diseases. In this paper, we report the identification of a new pterocarpan-type anti-inflammatory compound named sophotokin isolated from Sophora tonkinensis. S. tonkinensis has been used traditionally for treatment of conditions related to inflammation. Our initial screening showed that sophotokin dose-dependently inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of NO, TNF-α, PGE2, and IL-1β in microglial cells. This antineuroinflammatory effect was associated with sophotokin's blockade of LPS-induced production of the inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2. Western blot and qPCR analysis demonstrated that sophotokin inhibits both the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways. Further studies revealed that sophotokin also suppresses the expression of cluster differentiation 14 (CD14) in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Following down-regulation of MyD88 and TRAF6, sophotokin inhibits the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. In silico studies suggested that sophotokin could interact with PU.1-DNA complex through hydrogen binding at sites 1 and 2 of the complex, blocking the DNA binding. This suggests that PU.1 may be a potential target of sophotokin. Taken together, these results suggest that sophotokin may have therapeutic potential for diseases related to neuroinflammation. The mechanism of antineuroinflammatory effects involves inhibition of the TLR4 signal pathway at the sites of NF-κB and MAPK with PU.1 as a likely upstream target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xia
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Luo
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ding
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Li
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
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195
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Pointer CB, Wenzel TJ, Klegeris A. Extracellular cardiolipin regulates select immune functions of microglia and microglia-like cells. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:153-163. [PMID: 30625370 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial membrane phospholipid with several well-defined metabolic roles. Cardiolipin can be released extracellularly by damaged cells and has been shown to affect peripheral immune functions. We hypothesized that extracellular cardiolipin can also regulate functions of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). We demonstrate that extracellular cardiolipin increases microglial phagocytosis and neurotrophic factor expression, as well as decreases the release of inflammatory mediators and cytotoxins by activated microglia-like cells. These results identify extracellular cardiolipin as a potential CNS intercellular signaling molecule that can regulate key microglial immune functions associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Pointer
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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196
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Vipin A, Ng KK, Ji F, Shim HY, Lim JKW, Pasternak O, Zhou JH. Amyloid burden accelerates white matter degradation in cognitively normal elderly individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2065-2075. [PMID: 30604903 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in parietal and temporal white matter microstructure derived from diffusion tensor imaging occur in preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and such white matter alterations are two pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. However, the relationship between these pathologies is not yet understood, partly since conventional diffusion MRI methods cannot distinguish between cellular and extracellular processes. Thus, we studied Aβ-associated longitudinal diffusion MRI changes in Aβ-positive (N = 21) and Aβ-negative (N = 51) cognitively normal elderly obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset using linear mixed models. Aβ-positivity was based on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative amyloid-PET recommendations using a standardized uptake value ratio cut-off of 1.11. We used free-water imaging to distinguish cellular and extracellular changes. We found that Aβ-positive subjects had increased baseline right uncinate fasciculus free-water fraction (FW), associated with worse baseline Alzheimer's disease assessment scale scores. Furthermore, Aβ-positive subjects showed faster decrease in fractional anisotropy (FW-corrected) in the right uncinate fasciculus and faster age-dependent right inferior longitudinal fasciculus FW increases over time. Right inferior longitudinal fasciculus FW increases were associated with greater memory decline. Importantly, these results remained significant after controlling for gray and white matter volume and hippocampal volume. This is the first study to illustrate the influence of Aβ burden on early longitudinal (in addition to baseline) white matter changes in cognitively normal elderly individuals at-risk of Alzheimer's disease, thus underscoring the importance of longitudinal studies in assessing microstructural alterations in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease prior to symptoms onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwati Vipin
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Fang Ji
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hee Youn Shim
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Joseph K W Lim
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University of Singapore, Singapore
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197
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A comparison of hippocampal microglial responses in aged and young rodents following dependent and non-dependent binge drinking. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:305-343. [PMID: 31733666 PMCID: PMC9875180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a highly visible and prevalent issue in the United States. Although binge-drinking is assumed to be a college-age problem, older adults (ages 65+) consume binge amounts of alcohol and have alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Moreover, individuals with alcohol dependence in their youth often continue to drink as they age. As such, this study tested the hypothesis that the effects of alcohol on hippocampal microglia are exacerbated in aged versus younger rodents in two AUD models. Briefly, adult (2-3 months) and aged (15+ months) Sprague-Dawley rats were administered alcohol or control diet using the Majchrowicz model to study alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. To study the effects of non-dependent binge consumption on microglia, adolescent (6-8 weeks) and aged (18+ months) C57/BL6N were subjected to the Drinking in the Dark paradigm. Microglia number and densitometry were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Hippocampal subregional and model/species-specific effects of alcohol were observed, but overall, aging did not appear to increase the alcohol-induced microglia reactivity as measured by Iba-1 densitometry. However, analysis of microglial counts revealed a significant decrease in the number microglia cells in both the alcohol-induced neurodegeneration and DID model across age groups. In the dentate gyrus, the loss of microglia was exacerbated by aging, particularly in mice after DID, non-dependent model. Using qRT-PCR, the persistence of alcohol and aging effects was assessed following the DID model. Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 mRNA was increased in both young and aged mice by alcohol exposure; however, only in the aged mice did the alcohol effect persist. Overall, these data imply that the microglial response to alcohol is complex with evidence of depressed numbers of microglia but also increased reactivity with advanced age.
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198
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Letra L, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Santana I, Seiça R. Adiponectin and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Clinical and molecular links. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 29038028 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been consistently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) though the exact mechanisms by which it influences cognition are still elusive and subject of current research. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine in circulation, is inversely correlated with adipose tissue dysfunction and seems to be a central player in this association. In fact, different signalling pathways are shared by adiponectin and proteins involved in AD pathophysiology and considerable amount of evidence supports its direct and indirect influence on β-amyloid and tau aggregates formation. In this paper we present a critical review of cellular, animal and clinical studies which have contributed to a more thorough understanding of the extent to which adiponectin influences the risk of developing AD as well as its progression. Finally, the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on circulating adiponectin levels, possible therapeutic applications and future research strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga - Aveiro, Av. Artur Ravara, 3814-501 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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199
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Song Y, Hu M, Zhang J, Teng ZQ, Chen C. A novel mechanism of synaptic and cognitive impairments mediated via microRNA-30b in Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:409-421. [PMID: 30522932 PMCID: PMC6354659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that cognitive and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily result from synaptic failure. However, the mechanisms that underlie synaptic and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. METHODS We utilized molecular biology techniques, electrophysiological recordings, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immuno- and Golgi-staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP); lentivirus (LV)-based microRNA overexpression and 'sponging', and behavioral tests to assess upregulated miR-30b causing synaptic and cognitive declines in APP transgenic (TG) mice. FINDINGS We provide evidence that expression of miR-30b, which targets molecules important for maintaining synaptic integrity, including ephrin type-B receptor 2 (ephB2), sirtuin1 (sirt1), and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GluA2), is robustly upregulated in the brains of both AD patients and APP transgenic (TG) mice, an animal model of AD, while expression of its targets is significantly downregulated. Overexpression of miR-30b in the hippocampus of normal wild-type (WT) mice impairs synaptic and cognitive functions, mimicking those seen in TG mice. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous miR-30b in TG mice prevents synaptic and cognitive decline. We further observed that expression of miR-30b is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and Aβ42 through NF-κB signaling. INTERPRETATION Our results provide a previously undefined mechanism by which unregulated miR-30b causes synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in AD, suggesting that reversal of dysregulated miR-30b in the brain may prevent or slow cognitive declines in AD. FUND: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS076815, R01MH113535, R01AG058621, P30GM103340 Pilot Project, and by the LSUHSC School of Medicine Research Enhancement Program grant (to C.C.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Song
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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200
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Influence of microglia and astrocyte activation in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease: Rational insights for the therapeutic approaches. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 59:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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