151
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Anderson AR, Segura T. Injectable biomaterials for treatment of glioblastoma. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2020; 7:2001055. [PMID: 34660174 PMCID: PMC8513688 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing advancements in the field of medicine, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is presently incurable, making this advanced brain tumor the deadliest tumor type in the central nervous system. The primary treatment strategies for GBM (i.e. surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and newly incorporated targeted therapies) fail to overcome the challenging characteristics of highly aggressive GBM tumors and are presently given with the goal of increasing the quality of life for patients. With the aim of creating effective treatment solutions, research has shifted toward utilizing injectable biomaterial adjuncts to minimize invasiveness of treatment, provide spatiotemporal control of therapeutic delivery, and engage with cells through material-cell interfaces. This review aims to summarize the limitations of the current standard of care for GBM, discuss how these limitations can be addressed by local employment of injectable biomaterial systems, and highlight developments in the field of biomaterials for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Anderson
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A
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152
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Banstola A, Duwa R, Emami F, Jeong JH, Yook S. Enhanced Caspase-Mediated Abrogation of Autophagy by Temozolomide-Loaded and Panitumumab-Conjugated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Overexpressing Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4386-4400. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Duwa
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, South Korea
| | | | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, South Korea
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153
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Du J, Yan X, Mi S, Li Y, Ji H, Hou K, Ma S, Ba Y, Zhou P, Chen L, Xie R, Hu S. Identification of Prognostic Model and Biomarkers for Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics in Glioblastoma by Network Analysis of Multi-Omics Data and Stemness Indices. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:558961. [PMID: 33195193 PMCID: PMC7604309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.558961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of most human cancers mainly involves the gradual accumulation of the loss of differentiated phenotypes and the sequential acquisition of progenitor and stem cell-like features. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) stem cells (GSCs), characterized by self-renewal and therapeutic resistance, play vital roles in GBM. However, a comprehensive understanding of GBM stemness remains elusive. Two stemness indices, mRNAsi and EREG-mRNAsi, were employed to comprehensively analyze GBM stemness. We observed that mRNAsi was significantly related to multi-omics parameters (such as mutant status, sample type, transcriptomics, and molecular subtype). Moreover, potential mechanisms and candidate compounds targeting the GBM stemness signature were illuminated. By combining weighted gene co-expression network analysis with differential analysis, we obtained 18 stemness-related genes, 10 of which were significantly related to survival. Moreover, we obtained a prediction model from both two independent cancer databases that was not only an independent clinical outcome predictor but could also accurately predict the clinical parameters of GBM. Survival analysis and experimental data confirmed that the five hub genes (CHI3L2, FSTL3, RPA3, RRM2, and YTHDF2) could be used as markers for poor prognosis of GBM. Mechanistically, the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of GSCs was attributed to the reduction of the ratio of CD133 and the suppression of the invasiveness of GSCs. The results based on an in vivo xenograft model are consistent with the finding that knockdown of the hub gene inhibits the growth of GSCs in vitro. Our approach could be applied to facilitate the development of objective diagnostic and targeted treatment tools to quantify cancer stemness in clinical tumors, and perhaps lead considerable benefits that could predict tumor prognosis, identify new stemness-related targets and targeted therapies, or improve targeted therapy sensitivity. The five genes identified in this study are expected to be the targets of GBM stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuwei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kuiyuan Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yixu Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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154
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Hypoxia-Induced Glioma-Derived Exosomal miRNA-199a-3p Promotes Ischemic Injury of Peritumoral Neurons by Inhibiting the mTOR Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5609637. [PMID: 33110474 PMCID: PMC7578720 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5609637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms that the hypoxic microenvironment could aggravate neuronal injury are still not clear. In this study, we hypothesized that the exosomes, exosomal miRNAs, and the mTOR signaling pathway might be involved in hypoxic peritumoral neuronal injury in glioma. Multimodal radiological images, HE, and HIF-1α staining of high-grade glioma (HGG) samples revealed that the peritumoral hypoxic area overlapped with the cytotoxic edema region and directly contacted with normal neurons. In either direct or indirect coculture system, hypoxia could promote normal mouse hippocampal neuronal cell (HT22) injury, and the growth of HT22 cells was suppressed by C6 glioma cells under hypoxic condition. For administrating hypoxia-induced glioma-derived exosomes (HIGDE) that could aggravate oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion neuronal injury, we identified that exosomes may be the communication medium between glioma cells and peritumoral neurons, and we furtherly found that exosomal miR-199a-3p mediated the OGD/reperfusion neuronal injury process by suppressing the mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the upregulation of miRNA-199a-3p in exosomes from glioma cells was induced by hypoxia-related HIF-1α activation. To sum up, hypoxia-induced glioma-derived exosomal miRNA-199a-3p can be upregulated by the activation of HIF-1α and is able to increase the ischemic injury of peritumoral neurons by inhibiting the mTOR pathway.
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155
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Henderson F, Jones E, Denbigh J, Christie L, Chapman R, Hoyes E, Claude E, Williams KJ, Roncaroli F, McMahon A. 3D DESI-MS lipid imaging in a xenograft model of glioblastoma: a proof of principle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16512. [PMID: 33020565 PMCID: PMC7536442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) can image hundreds of molecules in a 2D tissue section, making it an ideal tool for mapping tumour heterogeneity. Tumour lipid metabolism has gained increasing attention over the past decade; and here, lipid heterogeneity has been visualised in a glioblastoma xenograft tumour using 3D DESI-MS imaging. The use of an automatic slide loader automates 3D imaging for high sample-throughput. Glioblastomas are highly aggressive primary brain tumours, which display heterogeneous characteristics and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is therefore important to understand biochemical contributions to their heterogeneity, which may be contributing to treatment resistance. Adjacent sections to those used for DESI-MS imaging were used for H&E staining and immunofluorescence to identify different histological regions, and areas of hypoxia. Comparing DESI-MS imaging with biological staining allowed association of different lipid species with hypoxic and viable tissue within the tumour, and hence mapping of molecularly different tumour regions in 3D space. This work highlights that lipids are playing an important role in the heterogeneity of this xenograft tumour model, and DESI-MS imaging can be used for lipid 3D imaging in an automated fashion to reveal heterogeneity, which is not apparent in H&E stains alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Henderson
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | | | - Lidan Christie
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | | | - Emmy Hoyes
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | | | - Kaye J Williams
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford, UK
| | - Adam McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK.
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156
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Torrisi F, Vicario N, Spitale FM, Cammarata FP, Minafra L, Salvatorelli L, Russo G, Cuttone G, Valable S, Gulino R, Magro G, Parenti R. The Role of Hypoxia and SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2860. [PMID: 33020459 PMCID: PMC7599682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in functional imaging are supporting neurosurgery and radiotherapy for glioblastoma, which still remains the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. The typical infiltration pattern of glioblastoma, which impedes a complete surgical resection, is coupled with a high rate of invasiveness and radioresistance, thus further limiting efficient therapy, leading to inevitable and fatal recurrences. Hypoxia is of crucial importance in gliomagenesis and, besides reducing radiotherapy efficacy, also induces cellular and molecular mediators that foster proliferation and invasion. In this review, we aimed at analyzing the biological mechanism of glioblastoma invasiveness and radioresistance in hypoxic niches of glioblastoma. We also discussed the link between hypoxia and radiation-induced radioresistance with activation of SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase, prospecting potential strategies to overcome the current limitation in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Federica M. Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Samuel Valable
- ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, CEA, CNRS, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14074 Caen, France;
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
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157
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Renfrow JJ, Soike MH, West JL, Ramkissoon SH, Metheny-Barlow L, Mott RT, Kittel CA, D'Agostino RB, Tatter SB, Laxton AW, Frenkel MB, Hawkins GA, Herpai D, Sanders S, Sarkaria JN, Lesser GJ, Debinski W, Strowd RE. Attenuating hypoxia driven malignant behavior in glioblastoma with a novel hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha inhibitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15195. [PMID: 32938997 PMCID: PMC7495485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIFs) signaling contributes to malignant cell behavior in glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated a novel HIF2α inhibitor, PT2385, both in vitro, with low-passage patient-derived cell lines, and in vivo, using orthotopic models of glioblastoma. We focused on analysis of HIF2α expression in situ, cell survival/proliferation, and survival in brain tumor-bearing mice treated with PT2385 alone and in combination with standard of care chemoradiotherapy. HIF2α expression increased with glioma grade, with over half of GBM specimens HIF2α positive. Staining clustered in perivascular and perinecrotic tumor regions. Cellular phenotype including proliferation, viability, migration/invasion, and also gene expression were not altered after PT2385 treatment. In the animal model, PT2385 single-agent treatment did improve median overall survival compared to placebo (p = 0.04, n = 21) without a bioluminescence correlate (t = 0.67, p = 0.52). No difference in animal survival was seen in combination treatment with radiation (RT)/temozolomide (TMZ)/PT2385 (p = 0.44, n = 10) or mean tumor bioluminescence (t 1.13, p = 0.32). We conclude that HIF2α is a reasonable novel therapeutic target as expressed in the majority of glioblastomas in our cohort. PT2385 as a single-agent was efficacious in vivo, however, an increase in animal survival was not seen with PT2385 in combination with RT/TMZ. Further study for targeting HIF2α as a therapeutic approach in GBM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn J Renfrow
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- One Medical Center Drive, Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Michael H Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James L West
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Linda Metheny-Barlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan T Mott
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Kittel
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Tatter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Adrian W Laxton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark B Frenkel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Denise Herpai
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Sanders
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine - Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine - Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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158
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Jnaidi R, Almeida AJ, Gonçalves LM. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Smart Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E860. [PMID: 32927610 PMCID: PMC7558650 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of brain tumor. In fact, tumor recurrence usually appears a few months after surgical resection and chemotherapy, mainly due to many factors that make GBM treatment a real challenge, such as tumor location, heterogeneity, presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and others. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) represent the most promising carriers for therapeutics delivery into the central nervous system (CNS) owing to their inherent ability to cross the BBB. In this review, we present the main challenges in GBM treatment, a description of SLNs and NLCs and their valuable role as drug carriers in GBM treatment, and finally, a detailed description of all modification strategies that aim to change composition of SLNs and NLCs to enhance treatment outcomes. This includes modification of SLNs and NLCs to improve crossing the BBB, reduced GBM cell resistance, target GBM cells selectively minimizing side effects, and modification strategies to enhance SLNs and NLCs nose-to-brain delivery. Finally, future perspectives on their use are also be discussed, to provide insight about all strategies with SLNs and NLCs formulation that could result in drug delivery systems for GBM treatment with highly effective theraputic and minimum undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lídia M. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.J.); (A.J.A.)
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159
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Cha GD, Kang T, Baik S, Kim D, Choi SH, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Advances in drug delivery technology for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Control Release 2020; 328:350-367. [PMID: 32896613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a particularly aggressive and malignant type of brain tumor, notorious for its high recurrence rate and low survival rate. The treatment of GBM is challenging mainly because several issues associated with the GBM microenvironment have not yet been resolved. These obstacles originate from a variety of factors such as genetics, anatomy, and cytology, all of which collectively hinder the treatment of GBM. Recent advances in materials and device engineering have presented new perspectives with regard to unconventional drug administration methods for GBM treatment. Such novel drug delivery approaches, based on the clear understanding of the intrinsic properties of GBM, have shown promise in overcoming some of the obstacles. In this review, we first recapitulate the first-line therapy and clinical challenges in the current treatment of GBM. Afterwards, we introduce the latest technological advances in drug delivery strategies to improve the efficiency for GBM treatment, mainly focusing on materials and devices. We describe such efforts by classifying them into two categories, systemic and local drug delivery. Finally, we discuss unmet challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of these drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegyu Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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160
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2D and 3D in vitro assays to quantify the invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in response to SDF-1α. Biotechniques 2020; 69:339-346. [PMID: 32867513 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion is a hallmark of cancer and therefore in vitro invasion assays are important tools in cancer research. We aimed to describe in vitro 2D transwell assays and 3D spheroid assays to quantitatively determine the invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in response to the chemoattractant SDF-1α. Matrigel was used as a matrix in both assays. We demonstrated quantitatively that SDF-1α increased invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in both assays. We conclude that the 2D transwell invasion assay is easy to perform, fast and less complex whereas the more time-consuming 3D spheroid invasion assay is physiologically closer to the in vivo situation.
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161
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Investigating Glioblastoma Response to Hypoxia. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090310. [PMID: 32867190 PMCID: PMC7555589 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and deadly type of primary malignant brain tumor with an average patient survival of only 15–17 months. GBs typically have hypoxic regions associated with aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Using patient derived GB cells, we characterized how GB responds to hypoxia. We noted a hypoxia-dependent glycolytic switch characterized by the up-regulation of HK2, PFKFB3, PFKFB4, LDHA, PDK1, SLC2A1/GLUT-1, CA9/CAIX, and SLC16A3/MCT-4. Moreover, many proangiogenic genes and proteins, including VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFD, PGF/PlGF, ADM, ANGPTL4, and SERPINE1/PAI-1 were up-regulated during hypoxia. We detected the hypoxic induction of invasion proteins, including the plasminogen receptor, S100A10, and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, uPAR. Furthermore, we observed a hypoxia-dependent up-regulation of the autophagy genes, BNIP-3 and DDIT4 and of the multi-functional protein, NDRG1 associated with GB chemoresistance; and down-regulation of EGR1 and TFRC (Graphical abstract). Analysis of GB patient cohorts’ revealed differential expression of these genes in patient samples (except SLC16A3) compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue. High expression of SLC2A1, LDHA, PDK1, PFKFB4, HK2, VEGFA, SERPINE1, TFRC, and ADM was associated with significantly lower overall survival. Together these data provide important information regarding GB response to hypoxia which could support the development of more effective treatments for GB patients.
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162
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Huang BR, Liu YS, Lai SW, Lin HJ, Shen CK, Yang LY, Lu DY. CAIX Regulates GBM Motility and TAM Adhesion and Polarization through EGFR/STAT3 under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165838. [PMID: 32823915 PMCID: PMC7461579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are acid-base regulatory proteins that modulate a variety of physiological functions. Recent findings have shown that CAIX is particularly upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and is associated with a poor patient outcome and survival rate. An analysis of the GSE4290 dataset of patients with gliomas showed that CAIX was highly expressed in GBM and was negatively associated with prognosis. The expression of CAIX under hypoxic conditions in GBM significantly increased in protein, mRNA, and transcriptional activity. Importantly, CAIX upregulation also regulated GBM motility, monocyte adhesion to GBM, and the polarization of tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages (TAM). Furthermore, the overexpression of CAIX was observed in intracranial GBM cells. Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulated CAIX expression under hypoxic conditions by affecting the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In contrast, the knockdown of CAIX dramatically abrogated the change in GBM motility and monocyte adhesion to GBM under hypoxic conditions. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CAIX in the GBM microenvironment. Hence, novel therapeutic targets of GBM progression are possibly developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-S.L.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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163
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Oxidative Stress-Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem in the Hypoxic Environment of a Brain Tumor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080747. [PMID: 32823815 PMCID: PMC7464568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of brain tumors such as glioblastoma often results in oxygen deprivation and the emergence of hypoxic zones. In consequence, the enrichment of reactive oxygen species occurs, harming nonmalignant cells and leading them toward apoptotic cell death. However, cancer cells survive such exposure and thrive in a hypoxic environment. As the mechanisms responsible for such starkly different outcomes are not sufficiently explained, we aimed to explore what transcriptome rearrangements are used by glioblastoma cells in hypoxic areas. Using metadata analysis of transcriptome in different subregions of the glioblastoma retrieved from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project, we created the reactive oxygen species-dependent map of the transcriptome. This map was then used for the analysis of differential gene expression in the histologically determined cellular tumors and hypoxic zones. The gene ontology analysis cross-referenced with the clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that the metabolic shift is one of the major prosurvival strategies applied by cancer cells to overcome hypoxia-related cytotoxicity.
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164
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Harmouch E, Seitlinger J, Chaddad H, Ubeaud-Sequier G, Barths J, Saidu S, Désaubry L, Grandemange S, Massfelder T, Fuhrmann G, Fioretti F, Dontenwill M, Benkirane-Jessel N, Idoux-Gillet Y. Flavagline synthetic derivative induces senescence in glioblastoma cancer cells without being toxic to healthy astrocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13750. [PMID: 32792639 PMCID: PMC7426813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, which begins within the brain. It is the most invasive type of glioma developed from astrocytes. Until today, Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only standard chemotherapy for patients with GBM. Even though chemotherapy extends the survival of patients, there are many undesirable side effects, and most cases show resistance to TMZ. FL3 is a synthetic flavagline which displays potent anticancer activities, and is known to inhibit cell proliferation, by provoking cell cycle arrest, and leads to apoptosis in a lot of cancer cell lines. However, the effect of FL3 in glioblastoma cancer cells has not yet been examined. Hypoxia is a major problem for patients with GBM, resulting in tumor resistance and aggressiveness. In this study, we explore the effect of FL3 in glioblastoma cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Our results clearly indicate that this synthetic flavagline inhibits cell proliferation and induced senescence in glioblastoma cells cultured under both conditions. In addition, FL3 treatment had no effect on human brain astrocytes. These findings support the notion that the FL3 molecule could be used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or other therapies in glioblastoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezeddine Harmouch
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Seitlinger
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg (HUS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hassan Chaddad
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Geneviève Ubeaud-Sequier
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Barths
- Core Facility for Flow Cytometry, Cell Sorting and EliSpot, UMR 1110, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sani Saidu
- CNRS UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratory of Cardio-Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry (FRE 2033), CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Strasbourg, France
- Sino-French Joint Lab of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Stéphanie Grandemange
- CNRS, UMR 7039 CRAN, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, 30 bvd des Aiguillettes, 54505, Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Fuhrmann
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Fioretti
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg (HUS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Ysia Idoux-Gillet
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 11 Rue Humann, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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165
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Luo W, Chen D, Wang H, Hu J. Stanniocalcin 1 is a prognostic biomarker in glioma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2248-2256. [PMID: 32782542 PMCID: PMC7400771 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignancy of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is closely associated with tumor genesis and development. However, its role in the development and progression of glioma is poorly understood. In silico analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Rembrandt and GSE16011 datasets were used to assess the expression levels of STC1 in non-tumor brain tissues and gliomas. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect STC1 expression in tumor tissues collected in the Department of Neurosurgery of Shenzhen People's Hospital (Shenzhen, China). The association between STC1 expression and different molecular pathological features was analyzed in four public datasets, as well as via Kaplan-Meier analysis. Furthermore, normalized mRNA expression in TCGA was used to perform Gene Ontology analysis. It was revealed that STC1 expression was significantly elevated in glioma tissues compared with the non-tumor brain tissues, both in silico analysis and via cohort validation. According to TCGA, CGGA, Rembrandt and GSE16011 datasets, it was identified that STC1 expression was increased in high grade glioma compared with low grade glioma. In addition, the results indicated STC1 expression was enriched in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type and mesenchymal subtype in TCGA, GSE16011 and Rembrandt datasets. Moreover, it was demonstrated that patients with higher STC1 expression exhibited shorter overall survival times compared with those with lower STC1 expression using Kaplan-Meier analysis, according to both the public datasets and validation cohort. Furthermore, the results of the Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that STC1 was primarily involved in the reorganization of extracellular matrix and was significantly correlated with invasive-related proteins. Therefore, the present results indicate that STC1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and may represent a prognostic biomarker in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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166
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Wang WH, Shen CY, Chien YC, Chang WS, Tsai CW, Lin YH, Hwang JJ. Validation of Enhancing Effects of Curcumin on Radiotherapy with F98/ FGT Glioblastoma-Bearing Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124385. [PMID: 32575632 PMCID: PMC7352749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain tumor with low survival rate, is difficult to be cured by neurosurgery or radiotherapy. Mounting evidence has reported the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of curcumin on several types of cancer in preclinical studies and clinical trials. To our knowledge, there is no platform or system that could be used to effectively and real-timely evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this study, we constructed a lentivirus vector with triple-reporter genes (Fluc/GFP/tk) and transduced into rat F98 glioblastoma cells to establish an orthotopic F98/FGT glioma-bearing rat model. In the model, the therapeutic efficacies for curcumin alone, radiation alone, and their combination were evaluated via noninvasive bioluminescent imaging and overall survival measurements. At the cell level, curcumin is capable of causing a G2/M cell cycle arrest and sensitizing the F98 cells to radiation. In animal model, curcumin synergistically enhances the effects of radiotherapy on suppressing the growth of both transplanted glioma cells and in situ brain tumors, and extending the overall survival periods longer than those of curcumin alone and radiation alone treatments. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that curcumin may serve as a novel radiosensitizer to combine with radiotherapy using the triple-reporter F98/FGT animal model for effective and simultaneous evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; or
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chien
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Jiaosu Village, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Jiaosu Village, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-S.C.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.-S.C.); (C.-W.T.)
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- Division of Radiotherapy, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin St, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.H.); Tel.: +88-622-826-4400 (ext. 5750) (Y.-H.L.); +88-642-473-9595 (ext. 32138) (J.-J.H.); Fax: +88-622-826-4524 (Y.-H.L.); +88-642-324-8186 (J.-J.H.)
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (J.-J.H.); Tel.: +88-622-826-4400 (ext. 5750) (Y.-H.L.); +88-642-473-9595 (ext. 32138) (J.-J.H.); Fax: +88-622-826-4524 (Y.-H.L.); +88-642-324-8186 (J.-J.H.)
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167
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Farina AR, Cappabianca L, Sebastiano M, Zelli V, Guadagni S, Mackay AR. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: the 11th Hallmark of Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:110. [PMID: 32536347 PMCID: PMC7294618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing is a potent driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we update currents concepts of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing and how it influences tumour biology. Following brief descriptions of tumour-associated hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing process, we review the many ways hypoxia regulates alternative splicing and how hypoxia-induced alternative splicing impacts each individual hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing integrates chemical and cellular tumour microenvironments, underpins continuous adaptation of the tumour cellular microenvironment responsible for metastatic progression and plays clear roles in oncogene activation and autonomous tumour growth, tumor suppressor inactivation, tumour cell immortalization, angiogenesis, tumour cell evasion of programmed cell death and the anti-tumour immune response, a tumour-promoting inflammatory response, adaptive metabolic re-programming, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and genetic instability, all of which combine to promote metastatic disease. The impressive number of hypoxia-induced alternative spliced protein isoforms that characterize tumour progression, classifies hypoxia-induced alternative splicing as the 11th hallmark of cancer, and offers a fertile source of potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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168
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An JM, Kang S, Huh E, Kim Y, Lee D, Jo H, Joung JF, Kim VJ, Lee JY, Dho YS, Jung Y, Hur JK, Park C, Jung J, Huh Y, Ku JL, Kim S, Chowdhury T, Park S, Kang JS, Oh MS, Park CK, Kim D. Penta-fluorophenol: a Smiles rearrangement-inspired cysteine-selective fluorescent probe for imaging of human glioblastoma. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5658-5668. [PMID: 32874505 PMCID: PMC7449700 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01085e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the most critical factors for the survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are precision diagnosis and the tracking of treatment progress. At the moment, various sophisticated and specific diagnostic procedures are being used, but there are relatively few simple diagnosis methods. This work introduces a sensing probe based on a turn-on type fluorescence response that can measure the cysteine (Cys) level, which is recognized as a new biomarker of GBM, in human-derived cells and within on-site human clinical biopsy samples. The Cys-initiated chemical reactions of the probe cause a significant fluorescence response with high selectivity, high sensitivity, a fast response time, and a two-photon excitable excitation pathway, which allows the imaging of GBM in both mouse models and human tissue samples. The probe can distinguish the GBM cells and disease sites in clinical samples from individual patients. Besides, the probe has no short or long-term toxicity and immune response. The present findings hold promise for application of the probe to a relatively simple and straightforward following of GBM at clinical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
| | - Sangrim Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
- Department of Pathology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul 03080 , Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | - Hyejung Jo
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | | | - Veronica Jihyun Kim
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery , Seoul National University, Children's Hospital , Seoul 03080 , Korea
| | - Yun Sik Dho
- Department of Neurosurgery , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | - Yuna Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Pathology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank , Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | - Tamrin Chowdhury
- Department of Neurosurgery , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea .
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul 03080 , Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science , Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul National University , College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea .
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea .
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , College of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species , Biomedical Science Institute , School of Medicine , Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Korea
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169
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Simon T, Jackson E, Giamas G. Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles. Oncogene 2020; 39:4477-4490. [PMID: 32366909 PMCID: PMC7269906 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive brain tumour. Prognosis remains poor, despite the combined treatment of radio- and chemotherapy following surgical removal. GBM cells coexist with normal non-neoplastic cells, including endothelial cells, astrocytes and immune cells, constituting a complex and dynamic tumour micro-environment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a critical means of bidirectional inter-cellular communication in the TME. Through delivery of a diverse range of genomic, lipidomic and proteomic cargo to neighbouring and distant cells, EVs can alter the phenotype and function of the recipient cell. As such, EVs have demonstrated their role in promoting angiogenesis, immune suppression, invasion, migration, drug resistance and GBM recurrence. Moreover, EVs can reflect the phenotype of the cells within the TME. Thus, in conjunction with their accessibility in biofluids, they can potentially serve as a biomarker reservoir for patient prognosis, diagnosis and predictive therapeutic response as well as treatment follow-up. Furthermore, together with the ability of EVs to cross the blood-brain barrier undeterred and through the exploitation of their cargo, EVs may provide an effective mean of drug delivery to the target site. Unveiling the mechanisms by which EVs within the GBM TME are secreted and target recipient cells may offer an indispensable understanding of GBM that holds the potential to provide a better prognosis and overall quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Ellen Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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170
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Rajapakse VN, Herrada S, Lavi O. Phenotype stability under dynamic brain-tumor environment stimuli maps glioblastoma progression in patients. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4125. [PMID: 32832595 PMCID: PMC7439317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although tumor invasiveness is known to drive glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence, current approaches to treatment assume a fairly simple GBM phenotype transition map. We provide new analyses to estimate the likelihood of reaching or remaining in a phenotype under dynamic, physiologically likely perturbations of stimuli ("phenotype stability"). We show that higher stability values of the motile phenotype (Go) are associated with reduced patient survival. Moreover, induced motile states are capable of driving GBM recurrence. We found that the Dormancy and Go phenotypes are equally represented in advanced GBM samples, with natural transitioning between the two. Furthermore, Go and Grow phenotype transitions are mostly driven by tumor-brain stimuli. These are difficult to regulate directly, but could be modulated by reprogramming tumor-associated cell types. Our framework provides a foundation for designing targeted perturbations of the tumor-brain environment, by assessing their impact on GBM phenotypic plasticity, and is corroborated by analyses of patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh N. Rajapakse
- Integrative Cancer Dynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvia Herrada
- Integrative Cancer Dynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Orit Lavi
- Integrative Cancer Dynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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171
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Lemoine É, Dallaire F, Yadav R, Agarwal R, Kadoury S, Trudel D, Guiot MC, Petrecca K, Leblond F. Feature engineering applied to intraoperative in vivo Raman spectroscopy sheds light on molecular processes in brain cancer: a retrospective study of 65 patients. Analyst 2020; 144:6517-6532. [PMID: 31647061 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for neurosurgical guidance and cancer research. Quantitative analysis of the Raman signal from living tissues is, however, limited. Their molecular composition is convoluted and influenced by clinical factors, and access to data is limited. To ensure acceptance of this technology by clinicians and cancer scientists, we need to adapt the analytical methods to more closely model the Raman-generating process. Our objective is to use feature engineering to develop a new representation for spectral data specifically tailored for brain diagnosis that improves interpretability of the Raman signal while retaining enough information to accurately predict tissue content. The method consists of band fitting of Raman bands which consistently appear in the brain Raman literature, and the generation of new features representing the pairwise interaction between bands and the interaction between bands and patient age. Our technique was applied to a dataset of 547 in situ Raman spectra from 65 patients undergoing glioma resection. It showed superior predictive capacities to a principal component analysis dimensionality reduction. After analysis through a Bayesian framework, we were able to identify the oncogenic processes that characterize glioma: increased nucleic acid content, overexpression of type IV collagen and shift in the primary metabolic engine. Our results demonstrate how this mathematical transformation of the Raman signal allows the first biological, statistically robust analysis of in vivo Raman spectra from brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émile Lemoine
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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172
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Hübner M, Moellhoff N, Effinger D, Hinske CL, Hirschberger S, Wu T, Müller MB, Strauß G, Kreth FW, Kreth S. MicroRNA-93 acts as an "anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor" in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa047. [PMID: 32642700 PMCID: PMC7282490 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is an important driver of malignant glioma disease. Inflammatory mediators are not only produced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but also by glioblastoma (GBM) cells themselves creating a mutually reinforcing loop. We here aimed at identifying an “anti-inflammatory switch” that allows to dampen inflammation in GBM. Methods We used human GBM specimens, primary cultures, and cell lines. The response of GBM cells toward inflammatory stimuli was tested by incubation with supernatant of stimulated human immune cells. Expression levels were measured by whole transcriptome microarrays and qRT-PCR, and protein was quantified by LUMINEX and SDS-PAGE. MicroRNA binding to 3′UTRs was analyzed by luciferase assays. Proliferation rates were determined by flow cytometry, and invasion and angiogenesis were studied using migration and endothelial tube formation assays. Results We demonstrated GBM cells to secrete high amounts of proinflammatory mediators in an inflammatory microenvironment. We found miR-93 as a potential “anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor” dramatically downregulated in GBM. Concordantly, cytokine secretion dropped after miR-93 re-expression. Transfection of miR-93 in GBM cells led to down-regulation of hubs of the inflammatory networks, namely, HIF-1α and MAP3K2 as well as IL-6, G-CSF, IL-8, LIF, IL-1β, COX2, and CXCL5. We showed only COX2 and CXCL5 to be indirectly regulated by miR-93 while all other genes are true targets. Phenotypically, re-expression of miR-93 in GBM cells substantially suppressed proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Conclusions Alleviating GBM-derived inflammation by re-expression of miR-93 may be a powerful tool to mitigate these tumors’ aggressiveness and holds promise for new clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hübner
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Effinger
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simon Hirschberger
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tingting Wu
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bernhard Müller
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Strauß
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simone Kreth
- Walter-Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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173
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Montgomery MK, Kim SH, Dovas A, Zhao HT, Goldberg AR, Xu W, Yagielski AJ, Cambareri MK, Patel KB, Mela A, Humala N, Thibodeaux DN, Shaik MA, Ma Y, Grinband J, Chow DS, Schevon C, Canoll P, Hillman EMC. Glioma-Induced Alterations in Neuronal Activity and Neurovascular Coupling during Disease Progression. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107500. [PMID: 32294436 PMCID: PMC7443283 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusely infiltrating gliomas are known to cause alterations in cortical function, vascular disruption, and seizures. These neurological complications present major clinical challenges, yet their underlying mechanisms and causal relationships to disease progression are poorly characterized. Here, we follow glioma progression in awake Thy1-GCaMP6f mice using in vivo wide-field optical mapping to monitor alterations in both neuronal activity and functional hemodynamics. The bilateral synchrony of spontaneous neuronal activity gradually decreases in glioma-infiltrated cortical regions, while neurovascular coupling becomes progressively disrupted compared to uninvolved cortex. Over time, mice develop diverse patterns of high amplitude discharges and eventually generalized seizures that appear to originate at the tumors' infiltrative margins. Interictal and seizure events exhibit positive neurovascular coupling in uninfiltrated cortex; however, glioma-infiltrated regions exhibit disrupted hemodynamic responses driving seizure-evoked hypoxia. These results reveal a landscape of complex physiological interactions occurring during glioma progression and present new opportunities for exploring novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Montgomery
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sharon H Kim
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander R Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weihao Xu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexis J Yagielski
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Morgan K Cambareri
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kripa B Patel
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David N Thibodeaux
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mohammed A Shaik
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel S Chow
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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174
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HSP70/IL-2 Treated NK Cells Effectively Cross the Blood Brain Barrier and Target Tumor Cells in a Rat Model of Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072263. [PMID: 32218162 PMCID: PMC7178276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell therapy is one of the most promising treatments for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). However, this emerging technology is limited by the availability of sufficient numbers of fully functional cells. Here, we investigated the efficacy of NK cells that were expanded and treated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), both in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation and cytotoxicity assays were used to assess the functionality of NK cells in vitro, after which treated and naïve NK cells were administrated intracranially and systemically to compare the potential antitumor activities in our in vivo rat GBM models. In vitro assays provided strong evidence of NK cell efficacy against C6 tumor cells. In vivo tracking of NK cells showed efficient homing around and within the tumor site. Furthermore, significant amelioration of the tumor in rats treated with HSP70/Il-2-treated NK cells as compared to those subjected to nontreated NK cells, as confirmed by MRI, proved the efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapy. Moreover, results obtained with systemic injection confirmed migration of activated NK cells over the blood brain barrier and subsequent targeting of GBM tumor cells. Our data suggest that administration of HSP70/Il-2-treated NK cells may be a promising therapeutic approach to be considered in the treatment of GBM.
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175
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Engel AL, Lorenz NI, Klann K, Münch C, Depner C, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW, Luger AL. Serine-dependent redox homeostasis regulates glioblastoma cell survival. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1391-1398. [PMID: 32203214 PMCID: PMC7188854 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The amino acid serine is an important substrate for biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. We investigated whether glioblastoma (GBM) cells are dependent on serine for survival under conditions of the tumour microenvironment. Methods Serine availability in GBM cells was modulated pharmacologically, genetically and by adjusting serine and glycine concentrations in the culture medium. Cells were investigated for regulation of serine metabolism, proliferation, sensitivity to hypoxia-induced cell death and redox homeostasis. Results Hypoxia-induced expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and the mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) was observed in three of five tested glioma cell lines. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 2 activation also induced PHGDH and SHMT2 expression in GBM cells. Low levels of endogenous PHGDH as well as PHGDH gene suppression resulted in serine dependency for cell growth. Pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH with CBR-5884 reduced proliferation and sensitised cells profoundly to hypoxia-induced cell death. This effect was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Similarly, hypoxia-induced cell death was enhanced by PHGDH gene suppression and reduced by PHGDH overexpression. Conclusions Serine facilitates adaptation of GBM cells to conditions of the tumour microenvironment and its metabolism could be a plausible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Engel
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadja I Lorenz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Depner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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176
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Zheng H, Momeni A, Cedoz PL, Vogel H, Gevaert O. Whole slide images reflect DNA methylation patterns of human tumors. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32194984 PMCID: PMC7064513 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and its role in carcinogenesis has been extensively studied. High-throughput DNA methylation assays have been used broadly in cancer research. Histopathology images are commonly obtained in cancer treatment, given that tissue sampling remains the clinical gold-standard for diagnosis. In this work, we investigate the interaction between cancer histopathology images and DNA methylation profiles to provide a better understanding of tumor pathobiology at the epigenetic level. We demonstrate that classical machine learning algorithms can associate the DNA methylation profiles of cancer samples with morphometric features extracted from whole slide images. Furthermore, grouping the genes into methylation clusters greatly improves the performance of the models. The well-predicted genes are enriched in key pathways in carcinogenesis including hypoxia in glioma and angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. Our results provide new insights into the link between histopathological and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Alexandre Momeni
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Pierre-Louis Cedoz
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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177
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Lai SW, Lin HJ, Liu YS, Yang LY, Lu DY. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Regulates Glioblastoma Motility and Monocyte Binding Ability. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020380. [PMID: 32045997 PMCID: PMC7073205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by severe hypoxic and acidic stress in an abnormal microenvironment. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)4, a pH-regulating protein, plays an important role in pH homeostasis of the glycolytic metabolic pathways in cancer cells. The present study showed that GBM exposure to hypoxic conditions increased MCT4 expression. We further analyzed the glioma patient database and found that MCT4 was significantly overexpressed in patients with GBM, and the MCT4 levels positively correlated with the clinico-pathological grades of gliomas. We further found that MCT4 knockdown abolished the hypoxia-enhanced of GBM cell motility and monocyte adhesion. However, the overexpression of MCT4 promoted GBM cell migration and monocyte adhesion activity. Our results also revealed that MCT4-regulated GBM cell motility and monocyte adhesion are mediated by activation of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways. Moreover, hypoxia mediated the acetylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 expression and regulated the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in GBM cell lines. In a GBM mouse model, MCT4 was significantly increased in the tumor necrotic tissues. These findings raise the possibility for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting MCT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair and Research Center for Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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178
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Spatial and quantitative mapping of glycolysis and hypoxia in glioblastoma as a predictor of radiotherapy response and sites of relapse. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:1476-1485. [PMID: 32025750 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor hypoxia is a centerpiece of disease progression mechanisms such as neoangiogenesis or aggressive hypoxia-resistant malignant cells selection that impacts on radiotherapy strategies. Early identification of regions at risk for recurrence and prognostic-based classification of patients is a necessity to devise tailored therapeutic strategies. We developed an image-based algorithm to spatially map areas of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis (Glyoxia). METHODS 18F-FDG and 18F-FMISO PET studies were used in the algorithm to produce DICOM-co-registered representations and maximum intensity projections combined with quantitative analysis of hypoxic volume (HV), hypoxic glycolytic volume (HGV), and anaerobic glycolytic volume (AGV) with CT/MRI co-registration. This was applied to a prospective clinical trial of 10 glioblastoma patients with post-operative, pre-radiotherapy, and early post-radiotherapy 18F-FDG and 18F-FMISO PET and MRI studies. RESULTS In the 10 glioblastoma patients (5M:5F; age range 51-69 years), 14/18 18F-FMISO PET studies showed detectable hypoxia. Seven patients survived to complete post-radiotherapy studies. The patient with the longest overall survival showed non-detectable hypoxia in both pre-radiotherapy and post-radiotherapy 18F-FMISO PET. The three patients with increased HV, HGV, and AGV volumes after radiotherapy showed 2.8 months mean progression-free interval vs. 5.9 months for the other 4 patients. These parameters correlated at that time point with progression-free interval. Parameters combining hypoxia and glycolytic information (i.e., HGV and AGV) showed more prominent variation than hypoxia-based information alone (HV). Glyoxia-generated images were consistent with disease relapse topology; in particular, one patient had distant relapse anticipated by HV, HGV, and AGV maps. CONCLUSION Spatial mapping of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis allows unique information on tumor metabolism and hypoxia to be evaluated with PET, providing a greater understanding of tumor biology and potential response to therapy.
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179
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Satterlee AB, Dunn DE, Lo DC, Khagi S, Hingtgen S. Tumoricidal stem cell therapy enables killing in novel hybrid models of heterogeneous glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:1552-1564. [PMID: 31420675 PMCID: PMC6917409 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-homing tumoricidal neural stem cell (tNSC) therapy is a promising new strategy that recently entered human patient testing for glioblastoma (GBM). Developing strategies for tNSC therapy to overcome intratumoral heterogeneity, variable cancer cell invasiveness, and differential drug response of GBM will be essential for efficacious treatment response in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to create novel hybrid tumor models and investigate the impact of GBM heterogeneity on tNSC therapies. METHODS We used organotypic brain slice explants and distinct human GBM cell types to generate heterogeneous models ex vivo and in vivo. We then tested the efficacy of mono- and combination therapy with primary NSCs and fibroblast-derived human induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) engineered with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or enzyme-prodrug therapy. RESULTS Optical imaging, molecular assays, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the hybrid models recapitulated key aspects of patient GBM, including heterogeneity in TRAIL sensitivity, proliferation, migration patterns, hypoxia, blood vessel structure, cancer stem cell populations, and immune infiltration. To explore the impact of heterogeneity on tNSC therapy, testing in multiple in vivo models showed that tNSC-TRAIL therapy potently inhibited tumor growth and significantly increased survival across all paradigms. Patterns of tumor recurrence varied with therapeutic (tNSC-TRAIL and/or tNSC-thymidine kinase), dose, and route of administration. CONCLUSIONS These studies report new hybrid models that accurately capture key aspects of GBM heterogeneity which markedly impact treatment response while demonstrating the ability of tNSC mono- and combination therapy to overcome certain aspects of heterogeneity for robust tumor kill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Satterlee
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurosurgery Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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180
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Gangemi V, Mignogna C, Guzzi G, Lavano A, Bongarzone S, Cascini GL, Sabatini U. Impact of [ 64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET/CT in the evaluation of hypoxia in a patient with Glioblastoma: a case report. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1197. [PMID: 31810452 PMCID: PMC6898918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiform (GBM), a malignant brain tumour, has a very often poor prognosis. The therapeutic approach is represented by surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hypoxia is a factor that causes a reduction of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy effectiveness in GBM and other cancers. Through the use of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)], a hypoxia-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, is possible to identify the presence of hypoxic areas within a lesion and therefore modulate the therapeutic approach according to the findings. CASE PRESENTATION In this case report, we observed an increase of radiotracer uptake from early acquisition to late acquisition in hypoxia sites and high correlation between [64Cu][Cu(ATSM) PET/CT results and expression of the hypoxia marker HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS [64Cu][Cu(ATSM) PET/CT represents a valid opportunity to reveal in vivo hypoxic areas in GBM lesion which can guide clinicians on selecting GMB patient's therapeutic scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Gangemi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Health Science - Interdipartimental Service Center, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro Medical School, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giusy Guzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Lavano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Umberto Sabatini
- Neuroradiology Unit, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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181
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Mohapatra SR, Sadik A, Tykocinski LO, Dietze J, Poschet G, Heiland I, Opitz CA. Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α Inhibits the Expression of Immunosuppressive Tryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase in Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2762. [PMID: 31866995 PMCID: PMC6905408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal circulation in solid tumors results in hypoxia, which modulates both tumor intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumor immune responses. Given the importance of hypoxia in glioblastoma (GBM) biology and particularly in shaping anti-tumor immunity, we analyzed which immunomodulatory genes are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia in GBM cells. Gene expression analyses identified the immunosuppressive enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) as the second most downregulated gene in GBM cells cultured under hypoxic conditions. TDO2 catalyses the oxidation of tryptophan to N-formyl kynurenine, which is the first and rate-limiting step of Trp degradation along the kynurenine pathway (KP). In multiple GBM cell lines hypoxia reduced TDO2 expression both at mRNA and protein levels. The downregulation of TDO2 through hypoxia was reversible as re-oxygenation rescued TDO2 expression. Computational modeling of tryptophan metabolism predicted reduced flux through the KP and lower intracellular concentrations of kynurenine and its downstream metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid under hypoxia. Metabolic measurements confirmed the predicted changes, thus demonstrating the ability of the mathematical model to infer intracellular tryptophan metabolite concentrations. Moreover, we identified hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) to regulate TDO2 expression under hypoxic conditions, as the HIF1α-stabilizing agents dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and cobalt chloride reduced TDO2 expression. Knockdown of HIF1α restored the expression of TDO2 upon cobalt chloride treatment, confirming that HIF1α controls TDO2 expression. To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of this novel mechanism of TDO2 regulation, we co-cultured isolated T cells with TDO2-expressing GBM cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Under normoxia TDO2-expressing GBM cells suppressed T cell proliferation, while hypoxia restored the proliferation of the T cells, likely due to the reduction in kynurenine levels produced by the GBM cells. Taken together, our data suggest that the regulation of TDO2 expression by HIF1α may be involved in modulating anti-tumor immunity in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya R Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Tykocinski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jørn Dietze
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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182
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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183
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Velásquez C, Mansouri S, Gutiérrez O, Mamatjan Y, Mollinedo P, Karimi S, Singh O, Terán N, Martino J, Zadeh G, Fernández-Luna JL. Hypoxia Can Induce Migration of Glioblastoma Cells Through a Methylation-Dependent Control of ODZ1 Gene Expression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1036. [PMID: 31649891 PMCID: PMC6795711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein ODZ1 has been associated with the invasive capacity of glioblastoma (GBM) cells through upregulation of RhoA/ROCK signaling, but the mechanisms triggering the ODZ1 pathway remain elusive. In addition, it is widely accepted that hypoxia is one of the main biological hallmarks of the GBM microenvironment and it is associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Here we show that hypoxic tumor regions express higher levels of ODZ1 and that hypoxia induces ODZ1 expression in GBM cells by regulating the methylation status of the ODZ1 promoter. Hypoxia-induced upregulation of ODZ1 correlates with higher migration capacity of GBM cells that is drastically reduced by knocking down ODZ1. In vitro methylation of the promoter decreases its transactivation activity and we found a functionally active CpG site at the 3'end of the promoter. This site is hypermethylated in somatic neural cells and mainly hypomethylated in GBM cells. Mutagenesis of this CpG site reduces the promoter activity in response to hypoxia. Overall, we identify hypoxia as the first extracellular activator of ODZ1 expression and describe that hypoxia controls the levels of this migration-inducer, at least in part, by regulating the methylation status of the ODZ1 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velásquez
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.,MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Gutiérrez
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Yasin Mamatjan
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pilar Mollinedo
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Shirin Karimi
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Singh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nuria Terán
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Martino
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José L Fernández-Luna
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla and Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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184
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Evaluation of the Betulinic Acid-Cisplatin conjugate APC and its precursor DE9B for the treatment of human malignant glioma. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108841. [PMID: 31586452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of multimodal therapy concepts, glioblastoma remains a tumor type with one of the worst prognoses. In particular, the poor prognosis is due to the lack of therapeutic efficacy of chemical agents and irradiation in hypoxic tumor areas. New therapeutic strategies could improve the treatment of glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a conjugate of cisplatin (DDP), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, and betulinic acid (BA), a natural product from plane tree bark, in glioblastoma cells under different oxygen conditions. We investigated the effects of the BA-DDP conjugate κN',N''-{3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide} dichlorido platinum(II) (APC) and its precursor 3-acetyloxy-BA-28-[2-(2-aminoethyl)aminoethyl]amide (DE9B) on cytotoxicity, cell growth, apoptosis, migration and radiosensitivity compared to BA or DDP alone under different oxygen conditions. Based on the EC50 values, the precursor DE9B exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effects of the analyzed chemotherapeutic agents. The BA-DDP conjugate APC achieved a moderate cytotoxic effect in glioma cells. Both of the newly developed agents induced cell growth delay, apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Furthermore, additive effects could be achieved in combination with irradiation. In contrast to those of BA and DDP, the cell biological effects of APC and DE9B were not influenced by the oxygen concentration. In this study, the linking of BA and DDP did not produce a compound with additive therapeutic effects on glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest that the precursor DE9B is an effective BA derivative for the treatment of glioblastoma in vitro.
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185
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Wolf KJ, Chen J, Coombes J, Aghi MK, Kumar S. Dissecting and rebuilding the glioblastoma microenvironment with engineered materials. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:651-668. [PMID: 32647587 PMCID: PMC7347297 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of primary brain cancer. Several decades of research have provided great insight into GBM progression; however, the prognosis remains poor with a median patient survival time of ~ 15 months. The tumour microenvironment (TME) of GBM plays a crucial role in mediating tumour progression and thus is being explored as a therapeutic target. Progress in the development of treatments targeting the TME is currently limited by a lack of model systems that can accurately recreate the distinct extracellular matrix composition and anatomic features of the brain, such as the blood-brain barrier and axonal tracts. Biomaterials can be applied to develop synthetic models of the GBM TME to mimic physiological and pathophysiological features of the brain, including cellular and ECM composition, mechanical properties, and topography. In this Review, we summarize key features of the GBM microenvironment and discuss different strategies for the engineering of GBM TME models, including 2D and 3D models featuring chemical and mechanical gradients, interfaces and fluid flow. Finally, we highlight the potential of engineered TME models as platforms for mechanistic discovery and drug screening as well as preclinical testing and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Wolf
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jason Coombes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- University of California, Berkeley – University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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186
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Hira VVV, Breznik B, Vittori M, Loncq de Jong A, Mlakar J, Oostra RJ, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Lah T, Van Noorden CJF. Similarities Between Stem Cell Niches in Glioblastoma and Bone Marrow: Rays of Hope for Novel Treatment Strategies. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 68:33-57. [PMID: 31566074 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419878416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Slowly dividing and therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside in protective peri-arteriolar niches and are held responsible for glioblastoma recurrence. Recently, we showed similarities between GSC niches and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells hijack HSC niches and are transformed into therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Current clinical trials are focussed on removal of LSCs out of HSC niches to differentiate and to become sensitized to chemotherapy. In the present study, we elaborated further on these similarities by immunohistochemical analyses of 17 biomarkers in paraffin sections of human glioblastoma and human bone marrow. We found all 17 biomarkers to be expressed both in hypoxic peri-arteriolar HSC niches in bone marrow and hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma. Our findings implicate that GSC niches are being formed in glioblastoma as a copy of HSC niches in bone marrow. These similarities between HSC niches and GSC niches provide a theoretic basis for the development of novel strategies to force GSCs out of their niches, in a similar manner as in AML, to induce GSC differentiation and proliferation to render them more sensitive to anti-glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annique Loncq de Jong
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Department of Medical Biology, Section Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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187
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Radiosensitization and a Less Aggressive Phenotype of Human Malignant Glioma Cells Expressing Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) Mutant Protein: Dissecting the Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060889. [PMID: 31242696 PMCID: PMC6627228 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is associated with a less aggressive phenotype, increased sensitivity to radiation, and increased overall survival in patients with diffuse glioma. Based on in vitro experimentations in malignant glioma cell lines, the consequences on cellular processes of IDH1R132H expression were analyzed. The results revealed that IDH1R132H expression enhanced the radiation induced accumulation of residual γH2AX foci and decreased the amount of glutathione (GSH) independent of the oxygen status. In addition, expression of the mutant IDH1 caused a significant increase of cell stiffness and induced an altered organization of the cytoskeleton, which has been shown to reinforce cell stiffness. Furthermore, IDH1R132H expression decreased the expression of vimentin, an important component of the cytoskeleton and regulator of the cell stiffness. The results emphasize the important role of mutant IDH1 in treatment of patients with diffuse gliomas especially in response to radiation. Hence, detection of the genetic status of IDH1 before therapy massively expands the utility of immunohistochemistry to accurately distinguish patients with a less aggressive and radiosensitive IDH1-mutant diffuse glioma suitable for radiotherapy from those with a more aggressive IDH1-wildtype diffuse glioma who might benefit from an individually intensified therapy comprising radiotherapy and alternative medical treatments.
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188
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Lo Dico A, Valtorta S, Ottobrini L, Moresco RM. Role of Metformin and AKT Axis Modulation in the Reversion of Hypoxia Induced TMZ-Resistance in Glioma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:463. [PMID: 31214505 PMCID: PMC6554426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key driver of tumor adaptation promoting tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Hypoxia related pathways might represent attractive targets for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), that up to date is characterized by a poor prognosis. Primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related modifications in the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) given alone or in association with the antidiabetic agent Metformin (MET) or the PI3K/mTOR blocker, BEZ235. The study was conducted in the TMZ responsive U251 and resistant T98 GBM cells. Our results showed that during hypoxia, TMZ plus MET reduced viability of U251 cells affecting also CD133 and CD90 expressing cells. This effect was associated with a reduction of HIF-1α activity, VEGF release and AKT activation. In T98 TMZ-resistant cells, TMZ plus MET exerted similar effects on HIF-1α. However, in this cell line, TMZ plus MET failed to reduce CD133 positive cells and AKT phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the administration of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 potentiated the effect of TMZ plus MET on cell viability, inducing a pro-apoptotic phenotype during hypoxic condition also in T98 cells, suggesting the block of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a complementary target to further overcome GBM resistance during hypoxia. In conclusion, we proposed TMZ plus MET as suitable treatment to revert TMZ-resistance also during hypoxia, an effect potentiated by the inhibition of PI3K/mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano- Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano- Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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189
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Musah-Eroje A, Watson S. Adaptive Changes of Glioblastoma Cells Following Exposure to Hypoxic (1% Oxygen) Tumour Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092091. [PMID: 31035344 PMCID: PMC6539006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumour, with a median survival rate of between 15 to 17 months. Heterogeneous regions occur in glioblastoma as a result of oxygen gradients which ranges from 0.1% to 10% in vivo. Emerging evidence suggests that tumour hypoxia leads to increased aggressiveness and chemo/radio resistance. Yet, few in vitro studies have been performed in hypoxia. Using three glioblastoma cell-lines (U87, U251, and SNB19), the adaptation of glioblastoma cells in a 1% (hypoxia) and 20% (normoxia) oxygen microenvironment on proliferation, metabolism, migration, neurosphere formation, CD133 and VEGF expression was investigated. Compared to cells maintained in normoxia (20% oxygen), glioblastoma cells adapted to 1% oxygen tension by reducing proliferation and enhancing metabolism. Both migratory tendency and neurosphere formation ability were greatly limited. In addition, hypoxic-mediated gene upregulation (CD133 and VEGF) was reversed when cells were removed from the hypoxic environment. Collectively, our results reveal that hypoxia plays a pivotal role in changing the behaviour of glioblastoma cells. We have also shown that genetic modulation can be reversed, supporting the concept of reversibility. Thus, understanding the degree of oxygen gradient in glioblastoma will be crucial in personalising treatment for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Musah-Eroje
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Sue Watson
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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190
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Development of a patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma via intravitreal injection in mice. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 30992429 PMCID: PMC6467997 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the two primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of glioblastoma are established through intracranial or subcutaneous injection. In this study, a novel PDX model of glioblastoma was developed via intravitreal injection to facilitate tumor formation in a brain-mimicking microenvironment with improved visibility and fast development. Glioblastoma cells were prepared from the primary and recurrent tumor tissues of a 39-year-old female patient. To demonstrate the feasibility of intracranial tumor formation, U-87 MG and patient-derived glioblastoma cells were injected into the brain parenchyma of Balb/c nude mice. Unlike the U-87 MG cells, the patient-derived glioblastoma cells failed to form intracranial tumors until 6 weeks after tumor cell injection. In contrast, the patient-derived cells effectively formed intraocular tumors, progressing from plaques at 2 weeks to masses at 4 weeks after intravitreal injection. The in vivo tumors exhibited the same immunopositivity for human mitochondria, GFAP, vimentin, and nestin as the original tumors in the patient. Furthermore, cells isolated from the in vivo tumors also demonstrated morphology similar to that of their parental cells and immunopositivity for the same markers. Overall, a novel PDX model of glioblastoma was established via the intravitreal injection of tumor cells. This model will be an essential tool to investigate and develop novel therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of glioblastoma. An improved strategy for cultivating patient-derived tumors in mice gives researchers a faster, more accurate means for testing glioblastoma treatments. Such ‘xenograft’ models are powerful tools for characterizing a patient’s cancer, but current cultivation techniques are too slow or fail to capture key features of this deadly disease. Researchers led by Jeong Hun Kim and Sun Ha Paek at Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea have demonstrated that glioblastoma cells injected into the mouse eye produce growths that mirror key characteristics of the original tumor. The tissue environment of the retina is physiologically similar to that of the brain, and cancer cells injected into the eye form glioblastoma-like tumors twice as quickly as the same cells injected into the skull. This means clinical researchers can assess drug response and accordingly adjust patient care more quickly.
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191
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Sander C, Wallenborn M, Brandt VP, Ahnert P, Reuschel V, Eisenlöffel C, Krupp W, Meixensberger J, Holland H. Central neurocytoma: SNP array analyses, subtel FISH, and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152397. [PMID: 31000381 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare brain tumor with a frequency of 0.1-0.5% of all brain tumors. According to the World Health Organization classification, it is a benign grade II tumor with good prognosis. However, some CN occur as histologically "atypical" variant, combined with increasing proliferation and poor clinical outcome. Detailed genetic knowledge could be helpful to characterize a potential atypical behavior in CN. Only few publications on genetics of CN exist in the literature. Therefore, we performed cytogenetic analysis of an intraventricular neurocytoma WHO grade II in a 39-year-old male patient by use of genome-wide high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) and subtelomere FISH. Applying these techniques, we could detect known chromosomal aberrations and identified six not previously described chromosomal aberrations, gains of 1p36.33-p36.31, 2q37.1-q37.3, 6q27, 12p13.33-p13.31, 20q13.31-q13.33, and loss of 19p13.3-p12. Our case report contributes to the genetic knowledge about CN and to increased understanding of "typical" and "atypical" variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sander
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marco Wallenborn
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Vivian Pascal Brandt
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Vera Reuschel
- Dept. of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 22a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christan Eisenlöffel
- Dept. of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krupp
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Meixensberger
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heidrun Holland
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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192
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Glioblastoma heterogeneity and the tumour microenvironment: implications for preclinical research and development of new treatments. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:625-638. [PMID: 30902924 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest form of brain cancer. Aside from inadequate treatment options, one of the main reasons glioblastoma is so lethal is the rapid growth of tumour cells coupled with continuous cell invasion into surrounding healthy brain tissue. Significant intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity associated with differences in the corresponding tumour microenvironments contributes greatly to glioblastoma progression. Within this tumour microenvironment, the extracellular matrix profoundly influences the way cancer cells become invasive, and changes to extracellular (pH and oxygen levels) and metabolic (glucose and lactate) components support glioblastoma growth. Furthermore, studies on clinical samples have revealed that the tumour microenvironment is highly immunosuppressive which contributes to failure in immunotherapy treatments. Although technically possible, many components of the tumour microenvironment have not yet been the focus of glioblastoma therapies, despite growing evidence of its importance to glioblastoma malignancy. Here, we review recent progress in the characterisation of the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment and the sources of tumour heterogeneity in human clinical material. We also discuss the latest advances in technologies for personalised and in vitro preclinical studies using brain organoid models to better model glioblastoma and its interactions with the surrounding healthy brain tissue, which may play an essential role in developing new and more personalised treatments for this aggressive type of cancer.
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193
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Liu Z, Li H, He L, Xiang Y, Tian C, Li C, Tan P, Jing J, Tian Y, Du L, Huang Y, Han L, Li M, Zhou Y. Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the HSP90-Calcineurin-NFAT Pathway against Glioblastoma. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:352-365.e7. [PMID: 30639261 PMCID: PMC6430684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most common and malignant types of primary brain tumors in adults, with a dismal prognosis. Although alkylating agents such as temozolomide are widely applied as the first-line treatment for GBM, they often cause chemoresistance and remain ineffective with recurrent GBM. Alternative therapeutics against GBM are urgently needed in the clinic. We report herein the discovery of a class of inhibitors (YZ129 and its derivatives) of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway that exhibited potent anti-tumor activity against GBM. YZ129-induced GBM cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase promoted apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration. At the molecular level, YZ129 directly engaged HSP90 to antagonize its chaperoning effect on calcineurin to abrogate NFAT nuclear translocation, and also suppressed other proto-oncogenic pathways including hypoxia, glycolysis, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Our data highlight the potential for targeting the cancer-promoting HSP90 chaperone network to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lian He
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chengsen Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Can Li
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peng Tan
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Jing
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanpin Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
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Combined treatment with 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and temozolomide suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres by decreasing stemness and invasiveness. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:69-77. [PMID: 30887242 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human primary brain malignancy. The key properties of GBM, stemness and invasiveness, are known to be associated with a highly unfavorable prognosis. Notably, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to the progression of GBM. On the basis of reports that 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and its derivative, 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA), suppresses EMT in several human cancer cells, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of HCA and BCA, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), on GBM tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS Two human GBM TSs were treated with HCA, BCA, or TMZ. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring ATP levels, neurosphere formation, 3D-invasion in collagen matrix, and viability. Protein expression profiles after drug treatment were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo anticancer efficacy of drugs was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS Combined treatment of GBM TSs with HCA or BCA and TMZ significantly reduced cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness. Expression levels of stemness-, invasiveness-, and mesenchymal transition-associated markers, Zeb1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, were also substantially decreased by the combined treatment. The combined treatment also reduced tumor growth in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HCA and BCA, combined with TMZ, are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM.
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de Almeida BP, Vieira AF, Paredes J, Bettencourt-Dias M, Barbosa-Morais NL. Pan-cancer association of a centrosome amplification gene expression signature with genomic alterations and clinical outcome. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006832. [PMID: 30856170 PMCID: PMC6411098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common feature of human tumours and a promising target for cancer therapy. However, CA's pan-cancer prevalence, molecular role in tumourigenesis and therapeutic value in the clinical setting are still largely unexplored. Here, we used a transcriptomic signature (CA20) to characterise the landscape of CA-associated gene expression in 9,721 tumours from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CA20 is upregulated in cancer and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features of breast cancer, consistently with our experimental CA quantification in patient samples. Moreover, we show that CA20 upregulation is positively associated with genomic instability, alteration of specific chromosomal arms and C>T mutations, and we propose novel molecular players associated with CA in cancer. Finally, high CA20 is associated with poor prognosis and, by integrating drug sensitivity with drug perturbation profiles in cell lines, we identify candidate compounds for selectively targeting cancer cells exhibiting transcriptomic evidence for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo P. de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André F. Vieira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno L. Barbosa-Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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196
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Giordano FA, Link B, Glas M, Herrlinger U, Wenz F, Umansky V, Brown JM, Herskind C. Targeting the Post-Irradiation Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma via Inhibition of CXCL12. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030272. [PMID: 30813533 PMCID: PMC6468743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a mainstay in glioblastoma therapy as it not only directly targets tumor cells but also depletes the tumor microvasculature. The resulting intra-tumoral hypoxia initiates a chain of events that ultimately leads to re-vascularization, immunosuppression and, ultimately, tumor-regrowth. The key component of this cascade is overexpression of the CXC-motive chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), formerly known as stromal-cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1). We here review the role of CXCL12 in recruitment of pro-vasculogenic and immunosuppressive cells and give an overview on future and current drugs that target this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Martin Glas
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frederik Wenz
- CEO, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - J Martin Brown
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Anti-Invasion and Antiangiogenic Effects of Stellettin B through Inhibition of the Akt/Girdin Signaling Pathway and VEGF in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020220. [PMID: 30769863 PMCID: PMC6406657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and invasion are highly related with tumor metastatic potential and recurrence prediction in the most aggressive brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). For the first time, this study reveals that marine-sponge-derived stellettin B reduces angiogenesis and invasion. We discovered that stellettin B reduces migration of glioblastoma cells by scratch wound healing assay and invasion via chamber transwell assay. Further, stellettin B downregulates Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathways, which are essential for invasion and angiogenesis in glioblastoma. This study further demonstrates that stellettin B affects filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement by decreasing the cross-linkage of phosphor-Girdin (p-Girdin), which attenuates glioblastoma cell invasion. Moreover, stellettin B blocks the expression and secretion of a major proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in glioblastoma cells. Stellettin B also reduces angiogenic tubule formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, we observed that stellettin B decreased blood vesicle formation in developmental zebrafish and suppressed angiogenesis in Matrigel plug transplant assay in mice. Decreased VEGF transcriptional expression was also found in stellettin B⁻treated zebrafish embryos. Overall, we conclude that stellettin B might be a potential antiangiogenic and anti-invasion agent for future development of therapeutic agents for cancer therapy.
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198
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Su BC, Pan CY, Chen JY. Antimicrobial Peptide TP4 Induces ROS-Mediated Necrosis by Triggering Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Wild-Type and Mutant p53 Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020171. [PMID: 30717309 PMCID: PMC6406555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) from Oreochromis niloticus exhibits potent bactericidal and anti-tumorigenic effects. In a variety of cancers, the mutation status of p53 is a decisive factor for therapeutic sensitivity. Therefore, we investigated the impact of p53 status on TP4-induced cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cell lines and the molecular mechanisms that govern cytotoxic effects. Both U87MG (wild-type/WT p53) and U251 (mutant p53) glioblastoma cell lines were sensitive to TP4-induced cytotoxicity. The necrosis inhibitors Necrostatin-1 and GSK’872 attenuated TP4-induced cytotoxicity, and TP4 treatment induced the release of cyclophilin A, a biomarker of necrosis. Moreover, TP4 induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and dysfunction, which preceded the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and necrotic cell death in both U87MG and U251 glioblastoma cells. p38 was also activated by TP4, but did not contribute to cytotoxicity. SB202190, a specific p38 inhibitor, enhanced TP4-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cytotoxicity, suggesting a protective role of p38. Furthermore, TP4-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, phosphorylation of p38, and DNA damage were all attenuated by the mitochondrial-targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger MitoTEMPO, or the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Based on these data, we conclude that TP4 induces necrosis in both WT and mutant p53 glioblastoma cells through a mitochondrial ROS-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Chyuan Su
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
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Marín-Ramos NI, Jhaveri N, Thein TZ, Fayngor RA, Chen TC, Hofman FM. NEO212, a conjugate of temozolomide and perillyl alcohol, blocks the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumor-associated brain endothelial cells in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:170-180. [PMID: 30392789 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) supports the pro-angiogenic and invasive characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), blocking this process would be a promising approach to inhibit tumor progression and recurrence. Here, we demonstrate that glioma stem cells (GSC) induce EndMT in brain endothelial cells (BEC). TGF-β signaling is necessary, but not sufficient to induce this EndMT process. Cell-to-cell contact and the contribution of Notch signaling are also required. NEO212, a conjugate of temozolomide and perillyl alcohol, blocks EndMT induction and reverts the mesenchymal phenotype of tumor-associated BEC (TuBEC) by blocking TGF-β and Notch pathways. Consequently, NEO212 reduces the invasiveness and pro-angiogenic properties associated with TuBEC, without affecting control BEC. Intracranial co-implantation of BEC and GSC in athymic mice showed that EndMT occurs in vivo, and can be blocked by NEO212, supporting the potential clinical value of NEO212 for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Niyati Jhaveri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rochelle A Fayngor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI biomarkers correlate with progression-free survival in primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:351-358. [PMID: 30073640 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is important for optimization of treatment planning. Quantitative imaging biomarkers for PCNSL have not yet been established. This study evaluated the prognostic value of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PCNSL. METHODS Pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging were retrospectively analyzed in 18 immunocompetent patients with PCNSL. Volumes of interest encompassing the tumors were assessed for measurements of blood plasma volume (Vp), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and apparent diffusion coefficient. Patients were divided into short and long PFS groups based on median PFS. Imaging and clinical variables were correlated with PFS. RESULTS Median PFS was 19.6 months. Lower Vpmean and Ktransmean values increased risk for rapid progression (< 19.6 months). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal Vpmean cutoff value of 2.29 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.74, sensitivity and specificity = 0.78, p = 0.023) for separating patients with short and long PFS. The optimal Ktransmean cutoff was 0.08 (AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.78, p = 0.025). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank test demonstrated significantly (p = 0.015) increased risk of rapid progression for patients with Vpmean < 2.29. Vpmean was significantly (p = 0.03) associated with PFS on univariate Cox analysis. Apparent diffusion coefficient values and clinical factors did not influence PFS. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment Vp and Ktrans derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI may be novel prognostic quantitative imaging biomarkers of progression-free survival in patients with PCNSL. These data should be prospectively validated in larger patient cohorts.
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