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Vernero M, De Blasio F, Ribaldone DG, Bugianesi E, Pellicano R, Saracco GM, Astegiano M, Caviglia GP. The Usefulness of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate Add-On Therapy in Maintaining Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123941. [PMID: 33291846 PMCID: PMC7762036 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that plays a key role in maintaining gut homeostasis as well as the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In the present study, we investigated the effect of oral microencapsulated sodium butyrate (BLM) administration in maintaining remission and improving residual symptoms and inflammatory markers in a population of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Forty-two patients with UC in clinical remission were enrolled in the study. Three patients were lost to follow up; 39 patients (18 treated with BLM add-on therapy and 21 with standard mesalamine only) that reached 12 months of follow up were included in the final analysis. Therapeutic success (defined as Mayo partial score ≤ 2 and faecal calprotectin (FC) < 250 µg/g at 12 months of follow up) was achieved in 25 patients (64.1%); 15/18 (83.3%) in BLM group and 10/21 (47.6%) in control group (p = 0.022). Consistently, 13/18 patients (72.2%) receiving BLM improved residual symptoms compared to 5/21 patients (23.8%) in control group (p = 0.003). FC values significantly diminished from the baseline to the end of follow up in patients that received BLM, while FC values remained almost stable in the control group. In conclusion, oral BLM supplementation appears to be a valid add-on therapy in order to maintain remission in patients with UC. Further randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials are needed to validate our results on a larger population or cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vernero
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Federico De Blasio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.D.B.); (E.B.); (G.M.S.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.D.B.); (E.B.); (G.M.S.); (G.P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-633-3615; Fax: +39-011-633-3970
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.D.B.); (E.B.); (G.M.S.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.D.B.); (E.B.); (G.M.S.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Marco Astegiano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.D.B.); (E.B.); (G.M.S.); (G.P.C.)
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152
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Bazireh H, Shariati P, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ahmadi A, Boroumand MA. Isolation of Novel Probiotic Lactobacillus and Enterococcus Strains From Human Salivary and Fecal Sources. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597946. [PMID: 33343539 PMCID: PMC7746552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that can interact with the gastrointestinal microbiota. They have numerous beneficial health effects that include enhancement of the host immune response, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Probiotics are capable of restoring the impaired microbiome of a dysbiotic gut. They can be isolated from different environments. However, it is frequently suggested that probiotics for human use should come from human sources. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize novel probiotic strains from the saliva and feces of healthy human individuals. To meet the criteria for probiotic attributes, the isolates were subjected to numerous standard morphological and biochemical tests. These tests included Gram staining, catalase tests, antibiotic susceptibility testing, hemolytic and antagonistic evaluation, tolerance tests involving temperature, NaCl levels, pH and bile salts, adherence ability assays, and genotypic characterization involving 16S rRNA gene sequencing. From 26 saliva and 11 stool samples, 185 microbial strains were isolated. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, 14 potential probiotic candidates were selected and identified genotypically. The new strains belonged to Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus hire. The selected strains were non-hemolytic, showed high tolerance to low pH and bile salts, and strong adherence abilities. Furthermore, the strains displayed a wide range of antimicrobial activities, particularly against antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, five of the selected isolates demonstrated antiproliferative features against human colon cancer cell line (Caco-2). The results of this investigation confirm the diversity of microbial populations in the human gut and saliva, and since these strains are of human origin, they will highly likely display maximal activities in food and drugs set for human use. Hence, the new strains of this study require additional in vivo experiments to assess their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Bazireh
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Shariati
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Boroumand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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153
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Saettone V, Biasato I, Radice E, Schiavone A, Bergero D, Meineri G. State-of-the-Art of the Nutritional Alternatives to the Use of Antibiotics in Humans and Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122199. [PMID: 33255356 PMCID: PMC7759783 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibiotic resistance represents a worldwide recognized issue affecting both human and veterinary medicine, with a particular focus being directed towards monogastric animals destined for human consumption. This scenario is the result of frequent utilization of the antibiotics either for therapeutic purposes (humans and animals) or as growth promoters (farmed animals). Therefore, the search for nutritional alternatives has progressively been the object of significant efforts by the scientific community. So far, probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics are considered the most promising products, as they are capable of preventing or treating gastrointestinal diseases as well as restoring a eubiosis condition after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis development. This review provides an updated state-of-the-art of these nutritional alternatives in both humans and monogastric animals. Abstract In recent years, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been perpetrated across human medicine, animals destined for zootechnical productions and companion animals. Apart from increasing the resistance rate of numerous microorganisms and generating multi-drug resistance (MDR), the nonrational administration of antibiotics causes sudden changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota such as dysbiotic phenomena that can have a great clinical significance for both humans and animals. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art of alternative therapies to the use of antibiotics and their effectiveness in humans and monogastric animals (poultry, pigs, fish, rabbits, dogs and cats). In particular, those molecules (probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics) which have a direct function on the gastrointestinal health are herein critically analysed in the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal diseases or dysbiosis induced by the consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Saettone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Radice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical School, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Torino, Italy; (V.S.); (A.S.); (D.B.); (G.M.)
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154
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Tavares LM, de Jesus LCL, da Silva TF, Barroso FAL, Batista VL, Coelho-Rocha ND, Azevedo V, Drumond MM, Mancha-Agresti P. Novel Strategies for Efficient Production and Delivery of Live Biotherapeutics and Biotechnological Uses of Lactococcus lactis: The Lactic Acid Bacterium Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:517166. [PMID: 33251190 PMCID: PMC7672206 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.517166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are traditionally used in fermentation and food preservation processes and are recognized as safe for consumption. Recently, they have attracted attention due to their health-promoting properties; many species are already widely used as probiotics for treatment or prevention of various medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases, infections, and autoimmune disorders. Some LAB, especially Lactococcus lactis, have been engineered as live vehicles for delivery of DNA vaccines and for production of therapeutic biomolecules. Here, we summarize work on engineering of LAB, with emphasis on the model LAB, L. lactis. We review the various expression systems for the production of heterologous proteins in Lactococcus spp. and its use as a live delivery system of DNA vaccines and for expression of biotherapeutics using the eukaryotic cell machinery. We have included examples of molecules produced by these expression platforms and their application in clinical disorders. We also present the CRISPR-Cas approach as a novel methodology for the development and optimization of food-grade expression of useful substances, and detail methods to improve DNA delivery by LAB to the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we discuss perspectives for the development of medical applications of recombinant LABs involving animal model studies and human clinical trials, and we touch on the main safety issues that need to be taken into account so that bioengineered versions of these generally recognized as safe organisms will be considered acceptable for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa M Tavares
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís C L de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales F da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A L Barroso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Viviane L Batista
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina D Coelho-Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Drumond
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,FAMINAS - BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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155
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An evaluation of the effects of probiotics on tumoral necrosis factor (TNF-α) signaling and gene expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:27-38. [PMID: 33162326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for functional foods containing probiotics has been growing due to numerous benefits they provide to health, such as modulation of the immune system and of the anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α. However, the mechanisms of actions of the probiotics responsible for this inhibition have not been completely explained so far. A better understanding of the interaction between probiotics and cell signaling pathways related to inflammatory processes shall help to prevent inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, the aim of this revision is to help understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics in cell signaling pathways that regulate TNF-α expression. Probiotics might act at different points of the MAPK pathway, on NF-kB, on proteasome activity, on Toll-like receptors, and on their regulators and stimuli. The present revision reaches the conclusion that probiotics act through multiple mechanisms, especially by inhibiting IkB phosphorylation and degradation, thus preventing the translocation of NF-kB. Effects are also shown to be strain-specific, and probiotics of the genus Lactobacillus are proved to play and essential role in anti-inflammatory activity.
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156
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Luo R, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Zhu Z, Liu H, Wang L, Zhong Z, Fu H, Jing B, Peng G. Bacillus subtilis HH2 ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota composition and improving intestinal barrier function in rabbit model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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157
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Enigk K, Jentsch H, Rodloff AC, Eschrich K, Stingu CS. Activity of five antimicrobial peptides against periodontal as well as non-periodontal pathogenic strains. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1829405. [PMID: 33133417 PMCID: PMC7580719 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1829405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing emergence of multi-resistant bacteria the search for alternative antimicrobial substances is of high interest. Promising agents are antimicrobial peptides which are host defense molecules of the innate immune system in a wide range of different species. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the activity of nisin, melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1 and LL-37 against 35 oral bacteria and Candida albicans employing the gold standard method for anaerobic susceptibility testing. Methods: The activity of the peptides was determined by an agar dilution method under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The test media contained final peptide concentrations between 0.125 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml (melittin, lactoferrin, parasin-1, LL-37) and between 0.125 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml (nisin). Results: Nisin completely inhibited the growth of Megasphaera sp., Bifidobacterium longum, Parvimonas micra, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Staphylococcus aureus. Melittin and lactoferrin reduced the growth of Megasphaera sp., P. micra, B. longum (melittin) and Selenomonas flueggei (lactoferrin). Parasin-1 and LL-37 showed no activity. Conclusion: AMPs, especially nisin and to a smaller degree lactoferrin, might be promising alternatives to antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity, high resistance to environmental conditions and partially low costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Enigk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Center for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne C. Rodloff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Eschrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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158
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Probiotics for Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1584-1595. [PMID: 32740074 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients with celiac disease (CD) experience persistent symptoms despite adhering to the gluten-free diet. Different studies have assessed the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment for CD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in improving gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with CD. METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and DARE databases up to February 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating probiotics compared with placebo for treating CD. We collected data on GI symptoms, QOL, adverse events, serum tumor necrosis factor-α, intestinal permeability, and microbiota composition. RESULTS We screened 2,831 records and found that 7 articles describing 6 RCTs (n = 279 participants) were eligible for quantitative analysis. Probiotics improved GI symptoms when assessed by the GI Symptoms Rating Scale (mean difference symptom reduction: -28.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -43.96 to -13.52; P = 0.0002). There was no difference in GI symptoms after probiotics when different questionnaires were pooled. The levels of Bifidobacteria increased after probiotics (mean difference: 0.85 log colony-forming units (CFU) per gram; 95% CI 0.38-1.32 log CFU per gram; P = 0.0003). There were insufficient data on tumor necrosis factor-a levels or QOL for probiotics compared with placebo. No difference in adverse events was observed between probiotics and placebo. The overall certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to low. DISCUSSION Probiotics may improve GI symptoms in patients with CD. High-quality clinical trials are needed to improve the certainty in the evidence (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B595).
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159
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Abstract
Probiotics are a group of active microorganisms, which benefit the host by colonizing and changing the composition of host flora. It is of great significance to promote the development of human gastrointestinal nutrition and health by regulating the host mucosal and systemic immune function or regulating the balance of intestinal flora. The purpose of this study is to analyze the production activity of the enzyme, evaluate its biological characteristics and safety as a preventive drug, and provide reference for the research of enzyme production and compound enzyme preparation by probiotics. In this study, four groups of probiotics were set up: Clostridium butyricum experimental group, Lactobacillus plantarum experimental group, drinking water control group, and Bacillus licheniformis experimental group. In addition, a variety of complex enzyme experiments were set up to study the influence on the digestive tract and single factor experiment. The results showed that probiotics and compound enzyme preparations could significantly promote the intestinal digestibility. Under the effect of probiotics, the weight of the chicken was almost 1 Jin heavier than that of the control group, and the average digestibility was increased by 4.3%. The effect of the enzyme on digestibility is stronger than that of probiotics, but the final effect tends to be stable.
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160
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Batista VL, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Coelho-Rocha ND, Barroso FAL, Tavares LM, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P, Drumond MM. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Paraprobiotics as a Therapeutic Alternative for Intestinal Mucositis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544490. [PMID: 33042054 PMCID: PMC7527409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis, a cytotoxic side effect of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is characterized by ulceration, inflammation, diarrhea, and intense abdominal pain, making it an important issue for clinical medicine. Given the seriousness of the problem, therapeutic alternatives have been sought as a means to ameliorate, prevent, and treat this condition. Among the alternatives available to address this side effect of treatment with 5-FU, the most promising has been the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics. This review addresses the administration of these "biotics" as a therapeutic alternative for intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU. It describes the effects and benefits related to their use as well as their potential for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laisa Macedo Tavares
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculdade de Minas, FAMINAS-BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular (LGCM), Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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161
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Trefoil Factor Family Member 2 (TFF2) as an Inflammatory-Induced and Anti-Inflammatory Tissue Repair Factor. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091646. [PMID: 32937753 PMCID: PMC7552208 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family member 2 (TFF2) is known for its involvement in mucosal repair. Whereas it is overexpressed during inflammatory processes, adding TFF2 leads to an anti-inflammatory effect that would contribute to create the microenvironment required for tissue repair. These properties present TFF2 with a homeostatic pattern during inflammatory processes as illustrated by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Functional Genomics Laboratory, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296; Fax: +1-(418)-654-2761
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162
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Wang Y, Liu F, Zhang G, Su Y, Sun X, Chen Q, Wang C, Fu H, He Y, Zhu X, Liu X, Lv M, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li Y, Wang Q, Huang X, Zhang X. Gut microbiome alterations and its link to corticosteroid resistance in immune thrombocytopenia. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:766-783. [PMID: 32857289 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative metagenomic studies have linked the gut microbiota to autoimmune disorders. Here, we performed deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from 99 immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients and 52 healthy controls. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of ITP was detected phylogenetically and functionally, and classifier based on species markers distinguished individuals with ITP from healthy controls. In particular, the abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, Bifidobacterium longum and Akkermansia muciniphila was markedly increased in treatment-naïve ITP patients, and the alterations of microbial species were correlated with clinical indices. Functionally, the secondary bile acid biosynthesis and flagellar assembly were depleted in the gut microbiota of ITP, which may contribute to the onset of ITP by affecting the immune system. Furthermore, we found that corticosteroid treatment affected the gut microbiome of ITP. Compared with corticosteroid-sensitive ITP patients, we identified that the corticosteroid-resistant ITP patients displayed a distinct gut microbiome, which was different from that of the treatment-naïve ITP patients. Together, we provided support for the critical role of gut microbiota in the development of ITP and established a foundation for further research characterizing gut microbiota in relation to corticosteroid resistance of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Gaochao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan Su
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chencong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Haixia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yun He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaosu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yueying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China.
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163
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Li X, Li Z, He Y, Li P, Zhou H, Zeng N. Regional distribution of Christensenellaceae and its associations with metabolic syndrome based on a population-level analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9591. [PMID: 32832265 PMCID: PMC7413085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has attracted widespread attention. Christensenellaceae was recently described as an important player in human health, while its distribution and relationship with MetS in Chinese population is still unknown. This study sought to observe the association between Christensenellaceae and metabolic indexes in a large sample of residents in South China. A total of 4,781 people from the GGMP project were included, and the fecal microbiota composition of these individuals was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed the relation between Christensenellaceae and metabolism using QIIME (Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology, Version 1.9.1). The results demonstrated that microbial richness and diversity were increased in the group with a high abundance of Christensenellaceae, who showed a greater complexity of the co-occurrence network with other bacteria than residents who lacked Christensenellaceae. The enriched bacterial taxa were predominantly represented by Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae, RF39, Rikenellaceae and Akkermansia as the Christensenellaceae abundance increased, while the abundances of Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Klebsiella were significantly reduced. Furthermore, Christensenellaceae was negatively correlated with the pathological features of MetS, such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index (BMI). We found reduced levels of lipid biosynthesis and energy metabolism pathways in people with a high abundance of Christensenellaceae, which may explain the negative relationship between body weight and Christensenellaceae. In conclusion, we found a negative correlation between Christensenellaceae and MetS in a large Chinese population and reported the geographical distribution of Christensenellaceae in the GGMP study. The association data from this population-level research support the investigation of strains within Christensenellaceae as potentially beneficial gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Zewen Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Pan Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Nianyi Zeng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
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164
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The microbiota of Kalathaki and Melichloro Greek artisanal cheeses comprises functional lactic acid bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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165
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Akour A. Probiotics and COVID-19: is there any link? Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:229-234. [PMID: 32495940 PMCID: PMC7300613 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection and progression can provide potential novel targets for prevention and/or treatment. This could be achieved via the inhibition of viral entry and/or replication, or by suppression of the immunologic response that is provoked by the infection (known as the cytokine storm). Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host'. There is scarcity of evidence about the relationship between COVID-19 and gut microbiota. So, whether or not these supplements can prevent or ameliorate COVID-19-associated symptoms is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to provide an indirect evidence about the utility of probiotics in combating COVID-19 or its associated symptoms, through the review of its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, animal models and human trials. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The role of probiotics in alleviation of the novel COVID-19 has not been established. This review provides an insight about the anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects of probiotics in vitro, animal models and human. The latter can provide an indirect evidence and/or hypothesis-driven approach to investigate the use of probiotics as adjunctive therapy in the prophylaxis and/or alleviation of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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166
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Maheshwari M, Gupta A, Gaur S. Probiotic Potential of Traditional Indian Fermented Drinks. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190821113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms, which when taken in adequate amount, provide various health benefits by maintaining the balance of bacteria in the intestine. Probiotics are purported to have countless health benefits, some of which include improved digestion, enhanced immunity, prevention of cancer and diabetes. The most common group of probiotics include species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. In order to work as an effective probiotic, the microbial strain is expected to exhibit certain desirable characteristics like acid and bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, adhesion to intestinal epithelium, etc. The fermented products contain a myriad of bacteria, some of which are characterized as probiotics and are responsible for various health benefits associated with the product. The fermented foods and drinks have been consumed in India since time immemorial. The art of fermentation has been a part of the traditional knowledge of India for thousands of years. The use of fermented products is strongly linked to the culture and tradition of India. Some traditional fermented drinks of India having probiotic potential include Koozh, Toddy, Kanji, Hamei and Handia. Further research on the probiotic potential of traditional fermented drinks may pave a path for their medical usage and commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Maheshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Akshra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Smriti Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
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167
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Ciornei RT. Prevention of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes by Reducing Low-Grade Inflammation in High-Risk Categories. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1762. [PMID: 32760408 PMCID: PMC7372100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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168
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Plaza-Diaz J. Nutrition, Microbiota and Noncommunicable Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:1971. [PMID: 32630712 PMCID: PMC7399920 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of new sequencing technologies has inspired the foundation of novel research to ascertain the connections between the microbial communities that reside in our gut and some physiological and pathological conditions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18,071 Granada, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-958-241-599
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18,014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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169
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Soleimani A, Motamedzadeh A, Zarrati Mojarrad M, Bahmani F, Amirani E, Ostadmohammadi V, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Asemi Z. The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Status in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:1248-1256. [PMID: 30560426 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 60 diabetic HD patients. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either synbiotic capsule, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum (2 × 109 CFU/g each), plus 0.8 g/day of inulin (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (β - 13.56 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 23.82, - 3.30; P = 0.01), insulin levels (β - 5.49 μIU/mL; 95% CI, - 6.92, - 4.05; P < 0.001), and insulin resistance (β - 2.25; 95% CI, - 3.02, - 1.48; P < 0.001), while increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.02; P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, synbiotic intake resulted in a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β - 2930.48 ng/mL; 95% CI, - 3741.15, - 2119.80; P < 0.001) and malondialdehyde levels (β - 0.60 μmol/L; 95% CI, - 0.99, - 0.20; P = 0.003). Moreover, we found a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (β 142.99 mmol/L; 95% CI, 61.72, 224.25; P = 0.001) and total glutathione levels (β 131.11 μmol/L; 95% CI, 89.35, 172.87; P < 0.001) in the synbiotic group compared with the placebo group. Overall, synbiotic supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on glycemic control, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients under HD. This study was registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090133941N17). http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017090133941N17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soleimani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Malihe Zarrati Mojarrad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi
- Faculty member of Science department, science faculty, Islamic Azad University Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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170
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Świeca M, Herok A, Piwowarczyk K, Sikora M, Ostanek P, Gawlik-Dziki U, Kapusta I, Czyż J. Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolics from Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic-Antioxidant Properties and Effect on the Motility and Survival of AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132963. [PMID: 32605155 PMCID: PMC7411954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric digests from mung (MBS) and adzuki (ABS) bean sprouts enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v were tested for their antioxidant potential, as well as antiproliferative and antimotility properties, in human stomach cancer cells (AGS). The digest of ABS contained quercetin and kaempferol derivates, while kaempferol and apigenin derivates were dominant in MBS. Compared to the controls, the probiotic-rich sprouts had a higher antioxidant potential—by 13% and 9%, respectively. Adzuki bean sprouts decreased the viability of AGS already at low concentrations (25% motility inhibitions). MBS and ABS displayed dose-independent cytostatic effects. The ABS extracts decreased the proliferation of AGS more effectively than the MBS extracts—0.2‰ ABS exerted c.a. 70% of inhibitions. Moreover, the phytochemicals from the probiotic-rich sprouts considerably reduced this activity. The increased vinculin level, the apoptotic shape of cell nuclei, and the reduced cell motility and proliferation indicate that the extracts exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-462-33-96; Fax: +48-81-462-33-24
| | - Anna Herok
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Patryk Ostanek
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (P.O.); (U.G.-D.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszów University, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland; (A.H.); (K.P.); (J.C.)
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171
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Aldaghi M, Tehrani H, Karrabi M, Abadi FS, Sahebkar M. The effect of multistrain synbiotic and vitamin D3 supplements on the severity of atopic dermatitis among infants under 1 year of age: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:812-817. [PMID: 32530339 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1782319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic and recurrent skin disease during infancy.Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of synbiotic and vitamin D3 supplements on the severity of AD among infants under 1 year of age.Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 81 subjects with AD in Sabzevar, Iran in 2018. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Synbiotic group was administered a dose of five drops/day of synbiotic in addition to routine treatment. Vitamin D3 group was administered 1000 units (IU) of vitamin D3 daily in addition to routine treatment. Control group just received routine treatments. The severity of AD was evaluated using SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) at baseline and two months' follow-up.Results: The mean age of subjects was 4.87 ± 3.5 and 59.26% (n = 48) were male. The mean SCOARD scores were substantially decreased in the synbiotic (bxy: -13.90, 95% CI, -20.99, -6.81; p < .001) and vitamin D3 (bxy: -12.38, 95% CI, -19.33, -5.43; p = .001) groups as compared to control one by the end of two months.Conclusions: Findings suggest that multistrain synbiotic and vitamin D3 supplements administration along with routine treatments, as complementary therapies, may be effective in reducing the severity of AD in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aldaghi
- Department of Paediatric, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Human Tehrani
- Department of Paediatric, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Karrabi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sham Abadi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sahebkar
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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172
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Effect of daily probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized Controlled Clinical trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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173
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Khanna S, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Shukla G. Isolation, characterization and anti-inflammatory mechanism of probiotics in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:74. [PMID: 32388765 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are known to modulate gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function and host immune response, but due to the species and strain specific response their mechanisms are not clearly understood. Thus, the present study was designed to isolate, assess the anti-inflammatory potential and underlying modulatory mechanisms of indigenous probiotics in murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Forty lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from different sources and monitored for their anti-inflammatory potential against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory stress employing RAW 264.7 cells. Among these isolates, only four LAB isolates exhibited more than 90% nitric oxide inhibition and possessed the probiotic attributes. Further, these selected LAB isolates reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, inhibited the phosphorylation of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) i.e. p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The in vitro analysis suggested that the selected probiotic isolates attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation by downregulating MAPK pathway vis-a-vis inhibiting COX-2 and can be employed as anti-inflammatory agents in various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Block I, South campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Block I, South campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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174
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Caruana JC, Walper SA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Mediators of Microbe - Microbe and Microbe - Host Community Interactions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32265873 PMCID: PMC7105600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria, their composition and content is generally similar to the parent bacterium’s membrane and cytoplasm. However, there is ample evidence that preferential packaging of proteins, metabolites, and toxins into vesicles does occur. Incorporation into vesicles imparts a number of benefits to the cargo, including protection from degradation by other bacteria, the host organism, or environmental factors, maintenance of a favorable microenvironment for enzymatic activity, and increased potential for long-distance movement. This enables vesicles to serve specialized functions tailored to changing or challenging environments, particularly in regard to microbial community interactions including quorum sensing, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptide expression and deployment, and nutrient acquisition. Additionally, based on their contents, vesicles play crucial roles in host-microbe interactions as carriers of virulence factors and other modulators of host cell function. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how vesicles function as signals both within microbial communities and between pathogenic or commensal microbes and their mammalian hosts. We also highlight a few areas that are currently ripe for additional research, including the mechanisms of selective cargo packaging into membrane vesicles and of cargo processing once it enters mammalian host cells, the function of vesicles in transfer of nucleic acids among bacteria, and the possibility of engineering commensal bacteria to deliver cargo of interest to mammalian hosts in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
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175
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Zeng B, Zhao J, Yang M, Zhang M, Li Y, Ni Q, Wu D, Li Y. Transplant of microbiota from long-living people to mice reduces aging-related indices and transfers beneficial bacteria. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4778-4793. [PMID: 32176868 PMCID: PMC7138539 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A close relationship between age and gut microbiota exists in invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Long-living people are a model for studying healthy aging; they also have a distinctive microbiota structure. The relationship between the microbiota of long-living people and aging phenotype remains largely unknown. Herein, the feces of long-living people were transplanted into mice, which were then examined for aging-related indices and beneficial bacteria. Mice transplanted with fecal matter from long-living people (L group) had greater α diversity, more probiotic genera (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), and short-chain fatty acid producing genera (Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus) than the control group. L group mice also accumulated less lipofuscin and β-galactosidase and had longer intestinal villi. This study indicates the effects that the gut microbiota from long-living people have on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tsai YL, Tsai WC, Qing Z, Chang CJ. Dichotomous effects of microbial membrane vesicles on the regulation of immunity. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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177
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Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Mirzaei H, Jamilian H, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J, Ghaderi A. The effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102361. [PMID: 32147043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the current meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders were assessed. METHODS The following databases were search up to February 2019: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the current meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated that probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -9.60; 95 % CI: -10.08, -9.11]. In addition, a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: -1.59; 95 % CI: -2.22, -0.97), interleukin 10 (IL-10) (WMD: -0.29; 95 % CI: -0.48, -0.11) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (WMD: -0.38; 95 % CI: -0.63, -0.13) was found after probiotics supplementation. No significant change was seen in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score (WMD: -11.17; 95 % CI: -24.99, 2.65), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD: -0.12; 95 % CI: -0.20, -0.05), IL-1B (WMD: -0.34; 95 % CI: -1.43, 0.74), IL-6 (WMD: 0.03; 95 % CI: -0.32, 0.38), nitric oxide (NO) (WMD: -0.54; 95 % CI: -2.16, 1.08), glutathione (GSH) (WMD: 46.79; 95 % CI: -17.25, 110.83) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (WMD: 15.21; 95 % CI: -59.96, 90.37) after probiotics supplementation. CONCLUSION Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that taking probiotic by patients with psychiatric disorders had beneficial effects on HAMD, CRP, IL-10 and MDA levels, but it did not affect BDI score, other markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Jamilian
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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178
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Egea-Zorrilla A, Plaza-Díaz J, Aragón-Vela J, Muñoz-Quezada S, Tercedor-Sánchez L, Abadia-Molina F. The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:605. [PMID: 32110880 PMCID: PMC7146472 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in health and disease is being highlighted by numerous research groups worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, is responsible for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been identified as a remarkable factor to be considered in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we briefly discuss how external factors such as dietary and physical activity habits influence host-microbiota and atherogenesis, the potential mechanisms of the influence of gut microbiota in host blood pressure and the alterations in the prevalence of those bacterial genera affecting vascular tone and the development of hypertension. We will also be examining the microbiota as a therapeutic target in the prevention of CVDs and the beneficial mechanisms of probiotic administration related to cardiovascular risks. All these new insights might lead to novel analysis and CVD therapeutics based on the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
- National Agency for Medicines (ANAMED), Public Health Institute, Santiago 7780050, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Abadia-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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179
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Arzani M, Jahromi SR, Ghorbani Z, Vahabizad F, Martelletti P, Ghaemi A, Sacco S, Togha M. Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:15. [PMID: 32054443 PMCID: PMC7020496 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-1078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminology "gut-brain axis "points out a bidirectional relationship between the GI system and the central nervous system (CNS). To date, several researches have shown that migraine is associated with some gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and celiac disease (CD). The present review article aims to discuss the direct and indirect evidence suggesting relationships between migraine and the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms explaining how the gut and the brain may interact in patients with migraine are not entirely clear. Studies suggest that this interaction seems to be influenced by multiple factors such as inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), gut microbiota profile, neuropeptides and serotonin pathway, stress hormones and nutritional substances. Neuropeptides including CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY are thought to have antimicrobial impact on a variety of the gut bacterial strains and thus speculated to be involved in the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain. According to the current knowledge, migraine headache in patients harboring HP might be improved following the bacteria eradication. Migraineurs with long headache history and high headache frequency have a higher chance of being diagnosed with IBS. IBS and migraine share some similarities and can alter gut microflora composition and thereby may affect the gut-brain axis and inflammatory status. Migraine has been also associated with CD and the condition should be searched particularly in patients with migraine with occipital and parieto-occipital calcification at brain neuroimaging. In those patients, gluten-free diet can also be effective in reducing migraine frequency. It has also been proposed that migraine may be improved by dietary approaches with beneficial effects on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis including appropriate consumption of fiber per day, adhering to a low glycemic index diet, supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 and probiotics as well as weight loss dietary plans for overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Arzani
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Razeghi Jahromi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Vahabizad
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience section - Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina University Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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180
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Titanji B, Gavegnano C, Hsue P, Schinazi R, Marconi VC. Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in People With HIV Infection. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014873. [PMID: 31973607 PMCID: PMC7033865 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boghuma Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA
| | - Christina Gavegnano
- Center for AIDS Research Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Priscilla Hsue
- Department of Cardiology Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital University of California-San Francisco CA
| | - Raymond Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Department of Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA.,Emory Vaccine Center Atlanta GA.,Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur GA
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181
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease and the importance of growth and nutrition has been well established, given its implications for lung function and overall survival. It has been established that intestinal dysbiosis (i.e. microbial imbalance) and inflammation is present in people with CF. Probiotics are commercially available (over-the-counter) and may improve both intestinal and overall health. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for improving health outcomes in children and adults with CF. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. Date of last register search: 20 January 2020. We also searched ongoing trials registries and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews. Date of last search: 29 January 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing efficacies and safety of probiotics in children and adults with CF. Cross-over RCTs with a washout phase were included and for those without a washout period, only the first phase of each trial was analysed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included trials; we used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. We contacted trial authors for additional data. Meta-analyses were undertaken on outcomes at several time points. MAIN RESULTS We identified 17 trials and included 12 RCTs (11 completed and one trial protocol - this trial was terminated early) (464 participants). Eight trials included only children, whilst four trials included both children and adults. Trial duration ranged from one to 12 months. Nine trials compared a probiotic (seven single strain and three multistrain preparations) with a placebo preparation, two trials compared a synbiotic (multistrain) with a placebo preparation and one trial compared two probiotic preparations. Overall we judged the risk of bias in the 12 trials to be low. Three trials had a high risk of performance bias, two trials a high risk of attrition bias and six trials a high risk of reporting bias. Only two trials were judged to have low or unclear risk of bias for all domains. Four trials were sponsored by grants only, two trials by industry only, two trials by both grants and industry and three trials had an unknown funding source. Combined data from four trials (225 participants) suggested probiotics may reduce the number of pulmonary exacerbations during a four to 12 month time-frame, mean difference (MD) -0.32 episodes per participant (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.68 to 0.03; P = 0.07) (low-certainty evidence); however, the 95% CI includes the possibility of both an increased and a reduced number of exacerbations. Additionally, two trials (127 participants) found no evidence of an effect on the duration of antibiotic therapy during the same time period. Combined data from four trials (177 participants) demonstrated probiotics may reduce faecal calprotectin, MD -47.4 µg/g (95% CI -93.28 to -1.54; P = 0.04) (low-certainty evidence), but the results for other biomarkers mainly did not show any difference between probiotics and placebo. Two trials (91 participants) found no evidence of effect on height, weight or body mass index (low-certainty evidence). Combined data from five trials (284 participants) suggested there was no difference in lung function (forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) % predicted) during a three- to 12-month time frame, MD 1.36% (95% CI -1.20 to 3.91; P = 0.30) (low-certainty evidence). Combined data from two trials (115 participants) suggested there was no difference in hospitalisation rates during a three- to 12-month time frame, MD -0.44 admissions per participant (95% CI -1.41 to 0.54; P = 0.38) (low-certainty evidence). One trial (37 participants) reported health-related quality of life and while the parent report favoured probiotics, SMD 0.87 (95% CI 0.19 to 1.55) the child self-report did not identify any effect, SMD 0.59 (95% CI -0.07 to 1.26) (low-certainty evidence). There were limited results for gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal microbial profile which were not analysable. Only four trials and one trial protocol (298 participants) reported adverse events as a priori hypotheses. No trials reported any deaths. One terminated trial (12 participants and available as a protocol only) reported a severe allergic reaction (severe urticaria) for one participant in the probiotic group. Two trials reported a single adverse event each (vomiting in one child and diarrhoea in one child). The estimated number needed to harm for any adverse reaction (serious or not) is 52 people (low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Probiotics significantly reduce faecal calprotectin (a marker of intestinal inflammation) in children and adults with CF, however the clinical implications of this require further investigation. Probiotics may make little or no difference to pulmonary exacerbation rates, however, further evidence is required before firm conclusions can be made. Probiotics are associated with a small number of adverse events including vomiting, diarrhoea and allergic reactions. In children and adults with CF, probiotics may be considered by patients and their healthcare providers. Given the variability of probiotic composition and dosage, further adequately-powered multicentre RCTs of at least 12 months duration are required to best assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for children and adults with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coffey
- University of New South WalesSchool of Women's and Children's HealthLevel 8, Centre for Child Health Research & Innovation Bright Alliance Building Cnr Avoca & High StreetsRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
- Sydney Children's HospitalJunior Medical Officers DepartmentHigh StreetRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
| | - Millie Garg
- University of New South WalesSchool of Women's and Children's HealthLevel 8, Centre for Child Health Research & Innovation Bright Alliance Building Cnr Avoca & High StreetsRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- University of New South WalesSchool of Women's and Children's HealthLevel 8, Centre for Child Health Research & Innovation Bright Alliance Building Cnr Avoca & High StreetsRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
- Sydney Children's HospitalRespiratory DepartmentHigh StreetRandwickSydneyNew South WalesAustraliaNSW 2031
| | - Adam Jaffe
- University of New South WalesSchool of Women's and Children's HealthLevel 8, Centre for Child Health Research & Innovation Bright Alliance Building Cnr Avoca & High StreetsRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
- Sydney Children's HospitalRespiratory DepartmentHigh StreetRandwickSydneyNew South WalesAustraliaNSW 2031
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- University of New South WalesSchool of Women's and Children's HealthLevel 8, Centre for Child Health Research & Innovation Bright Alliance Building Cnr Avoca & High StreetsRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
- Sydney Children's HospitalGastroenterology DepartmentHigh StreetRandwickSydneyNSWAustralia2031
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182
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Sireswar S, Biswas S, Dey G. Adhesion and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a sea buckthorn based beverage matrix. Food Funct 2020; 11:2555-2572. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A seabuckthorn based beverage matrix retains the functionality of L. rhamnosus GG and exhibits enhanced anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Sireswar
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
- Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
| | | | - Gargi Dey
- School of Biotechnology
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
- Deemed to be University
- Bhubaneswar
- India
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183
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Mousavi Khaneghah A, Abhari K, Eş I, Soares MB, Oliveira RB, Hosseini H, Rezaei M, Balthazar CF, Silva R, Cruz AG, Ranadheera CS, Sant’Ana AS. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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184
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Peng M, Lee SH, Rahaman SO, Biswas D. Dietary probiotic and metabolites improve intestinal homeostasis and prevent colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2020; 11:10724-10735. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites from Lactobacillus casei display substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and growth, and modulate gut microfloral composition, specifically reducing sulfidogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
- Biological Sciences Program
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Shaik O. Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
- Biological Sciences Program
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185
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Rather IA, Bajpai VK, Ching LL, Majumder R, Nam GJ, Indugu N, Singh P, Kumar S, Hajrah NH, Sabir JS, Kamli MR, Park YH. Effect of a bioactive product SEL001 from Lactobacillus sakei probio65 on gut microbiota and its anti-colitis effects in a TNBS-induced colitis mouse model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:261-270. [PMID: 31889846 PMCID: PMC6933275 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study underpins the therapeutic potential of SEL001, a bioactive product isolated from Lactobacillus sakei probio65, in terms of its anti-inflammatory properties and its effect on gut-microbiota in a TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Ulcerative colitis was developed in mice by intra rectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Bioactive product SEL001 (50 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured using 3,3', 5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. The entire colon was sampled for post-mortem clinical assessment. Colonic injury was assessed through histological and histomorphometric examinations. The 454 pyrosequencing and QIIME pipeline were used for gut microbiota analysis and statistical analysis were conducted using R. mRNA extraction from colon tissue and RT-PCR approaches were employed to determine the changes in the level of specific biomarker genes associated with UC. The results depict that SEL001 significantly lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CD4, TNF-α, and interleukin-6. Examination of clinical and histopathological traits revealed that SEL001 was effective and potent in reducing the inflammatory signatures of UC to a similar extent as did by the standard drug mesalamine (5-ASA). Pyro-sequencing 16S data revealed that the reduction in the major member of phylum Firmicutes, which has been previously associated with a higher risk of UC. The SEL001, an anti-inflammatory bioactive product originated from a probiotic strain L. sakei probio65 could be an alternative therapeutic agent for treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Lew L. Ching
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajib Majumder
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Jun Nam
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Food Science, College of Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nahid H. Hajrah
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S.M. Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
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186
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Chen Y, Li Z, Yang M, Shui J, Yue R. Does synbiotic supplementation affect body weight, body mass index, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in patients with type 2 diabetes? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18197. [PMID: 31804340 PMCID: PMC6919432 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is surging currently. Synbiotic as a supplement based on gut microbiota may be beneficial to improve the metabolism of T2DM. However, the results of clinical studies show that the role of synbiotic in weight management in patients with T2DM is controversial. In this context, we have formulated this protocol. The study will evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with T2DM. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library will be searched for relevant literature from inception. Literature search, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment will be carried out independently by two researchers. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria will be included. A meta-analysis will be conducted using weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will mainly assess the effects of synbiotic supplementation on body weight and BMI in T2DM patients. Secondary outcome indicators will include hs-CRP. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis will quantify the value of synbiotic supplement in weight management of patients with T2DM through a comprehensive evaluation of the current clinical evidence, so as to provide a basis for clinical application. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019132974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qufu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Jiacheng Shui
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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187
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Yahiro T, Hara T, Matsumoto T, Ikebe E, Fife-Koshinomi N, Xu Z, Hiratsuka T, Iha H, Inomata M. Long-Term Potable Effects of Alkalescent Mineral Water on Intestinal Microbiota Shift and Physical Conditioning. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2710587. [PMID: 31827547 PMCID: PMC6885775 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2710587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An alkalescent (pH 8.3) mineral water (AMW) of Hita basin, located in the northwestern part of Kyushu island in Japan, has been recognized for the unique quality of ingredients including highly concentrated silicic acid, sodium, potassium, and hydrogen carbonate. The biological effects of AMW intake were evaluated with a particular focus on its "antiobesity" properties through its modulation of the gut microbiota population. METHODS Two groups of C57BL6/J mice (8-week-old male) were maintained with a standard diet and tap water (control: TWC group) or AMW (AMW group) for 6 months and the following outputs were quantitated: (1) food and water intake, (2) body weight (weekly), (3) body fat measurements by CT scan (monthly), (4) sera biochemical values (TG, ALT, AST, and ALP), and (5) UCP-1 mRNA in fat tissues (terminal point). Two groups of ICR mice (7-week-old male) were maintained with the same method and their feces were collected at the 0, 1st, 3rd, and 6th month at which time the population rates of gut microbiota were quantitated using metagenomic sequencing analysis of 16S-rRNA. RESULTS Among all antiobesity testing items, even though a weekly dietary consumption was increased (p=0.012), both ratios of weight gain (p=1.21E - 10) and visceral fat accumulation (p=0.029) were significantly reduced in the AMW group. Other criteria including water intake (p=0.727), the amounts of total (p=0.1602), and subcutaneous fat accumulation (p=0.052) were within the margin of error and UCP-1 gene expression level (p=0.171) in the AMW group was 3.89-fold higher than that of TWC. Among 8 major gut bacteria families, Lactobacillaceae (increased, p=0.029) and Clostridiaceae (decreased, p=0.029) showed significant shift in the whole population. CONCLUSION We observed significantly reduced (1) weight gaining ratio (average -1.86%, up to -3.3%), (2) visceral fat accumulation ratio (average -4.30%, up to -9.1%), and (3) changes in gut microbiota population. All these consequences could support the "health benefit" functionality of AMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yahiro
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takao Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Emi Ikebe
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Zhaojun Xu
- Environmental Medicine Research Center, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian 362011, China
| | - Takahiro Hiratsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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188
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Amiriani T, Rajabli N, Faghani M, Besharat S, Roshandel G, Akhavan Tabib A, Joshaghani H. Effect of Lactocare® Synbiotic on Disease Severity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Middle East J Dig Dis 2019; 12:27-33. [PMID: 32082518 PMCID: PMC7023645 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2020.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases are managed by different methods, which may not be well tolerated because of their side effects. Recently, pro-prebiotics are considered as a supplementary treatment in gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, the effect of Lactocare® (ZistTakhmir Company) was investigated on the disease severity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT201407271264N5), 60 patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis were included. An 8-week trial was carried out comparing Lactocare® as a supplement with standard therapy against placebo. Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) was measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using paired ttest to assess the temporal changes (before and after the treatment) in the mean of SCCAI in each group. Chi-square test was used to compare the response rates. Odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also calculated. p values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS A significant decreased mean SCCAI was seen in the intervention group (4.56 ± 2.56) vs. placebo group (6.54 ± 2.47) (p < 0.05). Response to treatment was seen in 64.3% of the treatment group vs. 47% in the placebo group (p = 0.18). Response to treatment was observed in 90.9% of patients with ulcerative colitis for more than 5 years compared with 44.4% of the control group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Regarding the effectiveness of pre-probiotics in mitigating symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis, it could be suggested to try pre-probiotics in the standard treatment particularly in those with more than five years ofthe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rajabli
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Faghani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Besharat
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Akhavan Tabib
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Joshaghani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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189
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Ou W, Hu H, Yang P, Dai J, Ai Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Mai K. Dietary daidzein improved intestinal health of juvenile turbot in terms of intestinal mucosal barrier function and intestinal microbiota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:132-141. [PMID: 31461659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary daidzein on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the intestinal microbiota profile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (FM), 40 (D.40) and 400 (D.400) mg kg-1 daidzein, respectively. Fish fed D.400 had significantly lower growth performance than fish fed D.40. Dietary daidzein significantly increased the feed efficiency, while significantly decreased the feed intake. Daidzein supplementation increased the activity of total anti-oxidative capacity and the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1, Mucin-2 and tight junction proteins (Tricellulin, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 1, Zonula occludens-1 transcript variant 2 and Claudin-like and Occludin), and down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the intestine of turbot. Dietary daidzein increased intestinal microbial diversities, the abundance of several short chain fatty acids producers, and decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. However, D.400 had dual effects on lactic acid bacteria and increased the abundance of potential harmful bacterium Prevotella copri. Collectively, dietary daidzein at the levels of 40 and 400 mg kg-1 could enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier function and alter the intestinal microbiota of turbot. However, high dose of daidzein must be treated with caution for its unclear effects on intestinal microbiota of turbot in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Haibin Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Pei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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190
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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191
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Fernández-Tomé S, Marin AC, Ortega Moreno L, Baldan-Martin M, Mora-Gutiérrez I, Lanas-Gimeno A, Moreno-Monteagudo JA, Santander C, Sánchez B, Chaparro M, Gisbert JP, Bernardo D. Immunomodulatory Effect of Gut Microbiota-Derived Bioactive Peptides on Human Immune System from Healthy Controls and Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112605. [PMID: 31683517 PMCID: PMC6893616 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides secreted by probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (peptide B7) and opportunistic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis (peptide B12) modulate the intestinal cytokine milieu in health. Here, we characterized their capacity to modulate both the mucosal cytokine production and the phenotype of circulating antigen presenting cells (APCs) in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD mucosa produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines referred to healthy controls (HCs). Peptides B7 and B12, however, did not ameliorate the mucosal cytokine milieu in IBD. Human circulating APCs (B-cells, monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs)) were characterized by flow cytometry in presence/absence of the peptides. Circulating B-cells, monocytes, and cDCs from IBD patients were more activated than those from HCs. Peptide B7, but not B12, decreased CCR2 expression on all APC subsets from HC, but not IBD patients. Moreover, both peptides tend to further increase their pro-inflammatory profile in IBD. In summary, IBD patients display mucosal and circulating APC pro-inflammatory properties. Peptide B7 immunomodulatory capacity elicited over circulating APCs from HC, but not IBD patients, suggests the presence of disrupted modulatory mechanisms for this peptide in IBD. Future studies should address the effect of bacteria-derived immunomodulatory peptides in non-inflamed (quiescent) IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia C Marin
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Mora-Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitor Lanas-Gimeno
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Andrés Moreno-Monteagudo
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cecilio Santander
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Asturias, Spain.
| | - María Chaparro
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Bernardo
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
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192
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Cerovic M, Forloni G, Balducci C. Neuroinflammation and the Gut Microbiota: Possible Alternative Therapeutic Targets to Counteract Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:284. [PMID: 31680937 PMCID: PMC6813195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multi-factorial disease affecting various brain systems. This complexity implies that successful therapies must be directed against several core neuropathological targets rather than single ones. The scientific community has made great efforts to identify the right AD targets beside the historic amyloid-β (Aβ). Neuroinflammation is re-emerging as determinant in the neuropathological process of AD. A new theory, still in its infancy, highlights the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the control of brain development, but also in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous systems, called gut-brain axes, is largely influenced by GM and the immune system is a potential key mediator of this interaction. Growing evidence points to the role of GM in the maturation and activation of host microglia and peripheral immune cells. Several recent studies have found abnormalities in GM (dysbiosis) in AD populations. These observations raise the intriguing question whether and how GM dysbiosis could contribute to AD development through action on the immune system and whether, in a therapeutic prospective, the development of strategies preserving a healthy GM might become a valuable approach to prevent AD. Here, we review the evidence from animal models and humans of the role of GM in neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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193
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Higarza SG, Arboleya S, Gueimonde M, Gómez-Lázaro E, Arias JL, Arias N. Neurobehavioral dysfunction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic and functional brain regional deficits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223019. [PMID: 31539420 PMCID: PMC6754158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. While it has been suggested to cause nervous impairment, its neurophysiological basis remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to unravel the effects of NASH, through the interrelationship of liver, gut microbiota, and nervous system, on the brain and human behavior. To this end, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group that received normal chow and a NASH group that received a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Our results show that 14 weeks of the high-fat, high-cholesterol diet induced clinical conditions such as NASH, including steatosis and increased levels of ammonia. Rats in the NASH group also demonstrated evidence of gut dysbiosis and decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. This may explain the deficits in cognitive ability observed in the NASH group, including their depressive-like behavior and short-term memory impairment characterized in part by deficits in social recognition and prefrontal cortex-dependent spatial working memory. We also reported the impact of this NASH-like condition on metabolic and functional processes. Brain tissue demonstrated lower levels of metabolic brain activity in the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and mammillary bodies, accompanied by a decrease in dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum and a decrease in noradrenalin in the striatum. In this article, we emphasize the important role of ammonia and gut-derived bacterial toxins in liver-gut-brain neurodegeneration and discuss the metabolic and functional brain regional deficits and behavioral impairments in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Higarza
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Eneritz Gómez-Lázaro
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Basque Country University, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
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194
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Li X, Sun H, Li B, Zhang X, Cui J, Yun J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Meng Q, Wu S, Duan J, Yang H, Wu J, Sun Z, Zou Y, Chen R. Probiotics Ameliorate Colon Epithelial Injury Induced by Ambient Ultrafine Particles Exposure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900972. [PMID: 31559135 PMCID: PMC6755525 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common airborne ultrafine particles (UFPs); however, few studies have examined their effects on the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the interaction of gut microbiota and DEPs-induced colonic injury, adult C57BL/6 mice are kept in whole-body inhalation chambers and exposed to filtered room air (FRA) or DEPs (300 µg m-3) 1 h per day for 28 consecutive days. DEPs exposure results in colon epithelial injury with inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus depletion. Abundance of Lactobacillus in murine feces is transiently increased following 7-day DEPs exposure and then decreased until the end of 28-day exposure. A reduction of the colonic mucus layer thickness is observed in mice receiving gut microbiota from DEPs-exposed mice. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing suggests disruption of the nitrogen metabolism pathway in DEPs-exposed NCM460 cells. Upregulation of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression levels is observed in epithelia following DEPs exposure both in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of probiotics protects the mice against DEPS-induced colon epithelial injury. The results strongly suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in response to DEPs exposure and subsequently epithelial injury in vivo. Supplementation with probiotic may be a potential way to protect against UFPs-induced colon epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- School of Public HealthAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Jun Yun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent DiseasesGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent DiseasesGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Shenshen Wu
- School of Public HealthAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public HealthAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and ResearchChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198P. R. China
| | - Jiong Wu
- School of Life SciencesJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou221116China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public HealthAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent DiseasesGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public HealthAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069P. R. China
- Institute for Chemical CarcinogenesisGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436P. R. China
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195
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: From pathophysiological insights to novel therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104450. [PMID: 31509764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and disabling condition with a paucity of effective and evidence-based therapies, reflecting a major unmet need. Cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise are of modest benefit for only some ME/CFS patients, and many sufferers report aggravation of symptoms of fatigue with exercise. The presence of a multiplicity of pathophysiological abnormalities in at least the subgroup of people with ME/CFS diagnosed with the current international consensus "Fukuda" criteria, points to numerous potential therapeutic targets. Such abnormalities include extensive data showing that at least a subgroup has a pro-inflammatory state, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, disruption of gut mucosal barriers and mitochondrial dysfunction together with dysregulated bioenergetics. In this paper, these pathways are summarised, and data regarding promising therapeutic options that target these pathways are highlighted; they include coenzyme Q10, melatonin, curcumin, molecular hydrogen and N-acetylcysteine. These data are promising yet preliminary, suggesting hopeful avenues to address this major unmet burden of illness.
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196
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Zhao C, Liu L, Liu Q, Li F, Zhang L, Zhu F, Shao T, Barve S, Chen Y, Li X, McClain CJ, Feng W. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against fructose-induced fatty liver in mice. Mol Metab 2019; 29:145-157. [PMID: 31668386 PMCID: PMC6812038 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives High fructose feeding changes fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulation. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation reduces fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to determine the role of FGF21 and underlying mechanisms in the protective effects of LGG. Methods FGF21 knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice were fed 30% fructose for 12 weeks. LGG was administered to the mice in the last 4 weeks during fructose feeding. FGF21-adiponectin (ADPN)-mediated hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation were investigated. Results FGF21 expression was robustly increased after 5-weeks of feeding and significantly decreased after 12-weeks of feeding in fructose-induced NAFLD mice. LGG administration reversed the depressed FGF21 expression, increased adipose production of ADPN, and reduced hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in the WT mice but not in the KO mice. Hepatic nuclear carbohydrate responsive-element binding protein (ChREBP) was increased by fructose and reduced by LGG, resulting in a reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes. The methylated form of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) C, which dephosphorylates and activates ChREBP, was upregulated by fructose and normalized by LGG. Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1, which methylates PP2AC, was also increased by fructose and decreased by LGG. However, those beneficial effects of LGG were blunted in the KO mice. Hepatic dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate, which inhibits PP2A, was markedly increased by LGG in the WT mice but attenuated in the KO mice. LGG decreased adipose hypertrophy and increased serum levels of ADPN, which regulates sphingosine metabolism. This beneficial effect was decreased in the KO mice. Conclusion LGG administration increases hepatic FGF21 expression and serum ADPN concentration, resulting in a reduced ChREBP activation through dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated PP2A deactivation, and subsequently reversed fructose-induced NAFLD. Thus, our data suggest that FGF21 is required for the beneficial effects of LGG in reversal of fructose-induced NAFLD. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) attenuates fructose-induced NAFLD. LGG increases FGF21 and adiponectin expression. LGG inhibits fructose-activated ChREBP and reduces hepatic lipogenesis. FGF21 is required for the therapeutic effects of LGG against fructose-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, Jilin 132101, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, Jilin 132101, China; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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197
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Shin D, Chang SY, Bogere P, Won K, Choi JY, Choi YJ, Lee HK, Hur J, Park BY, Kim Y, Heo J. Beneficial roles of probiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota and immune response in pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220843. [PMID: 31461453 PMCID: PMC6713323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of probiotics in swine production is widely acknowledged as crucial. However, gaps still remain in the exact roles played by probiotics in modulation of gut microbiota and immune response. This study determined the roles of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain JDFM LP11in gut microbiota modulation and immune response in weaned piglets. L. plantarum JDFM LP11 increased the population of lactic acid bacteria in feces and enhanced the development of villi in the small intestine. Metagenome analysis showed that microbial diversity and richness (Simpson, Shannon, ACE, Chao1) and the relative abundance of the Firmicutes were higher in weaned piglets fed probiotics. Five bacterial families were different in the relative abundance, especially; Prevotellaceae occupied the largest part of microbial community showed the most difference between two groups. Transcriptome analysis identified 25 differentially expressed genes using RNA-sequencing data of the ileum. Further gene ontology and immune DB analysis determined 8 genes associated with innate defense response and cytokine production. BPI, RSAD2, SLPI, LUM, OLFM4, DMBT1 and C6 genes were down-regulated by probiotic supplementation except PLA2G2A. PICRUSt analysis predicting functional profiling of microbial communities indicated branched amino acid biosynthesis and butyrate metabolism promoting gut development and health were increased by probiotics. Altogether, our data suggest that L. plantarum JDFM LP11 increases the diversity and richness in the microbial community, and attenuates the ileal immune gene expression towards gut inflammation, promoting intestinal development in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Shin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Institute of Milk Genomics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Bogere
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongHye Won
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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198
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium longum ZJ1, Isolated from a Centenarian in Anhui, China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/33/e00878-19. [PMID: 31416881 PMCID: PMC6696656 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00878-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a Bifidobacterium longum isolate, that of strain ZJ1, and this strain showed a cholesterol degradation ability that is greater than that of five strains we chose for comparison (Bifidobacterium longum 536, B. infantis 1912, B. longum 1941, B. breve ATCC 15698, B. infantis ATCC 17930). The draft genome of strain ZJ1 consists of 2,414,672 bp, with 2,042 protein-coding genes, 69 noncoding RNA genes, and 60.16% G+C content. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a Bifidobacterium longum isolate, that of strain ZJ1, and this strain showed a cholesterol degradation ability that is greater than that of five strains we chose for comparison (Bifidobacterium longum 536, B. infantis 1912, B. longum 1941, B. breve ATCC 15698, B. infantis ATCC 17930). The draft genome of strain ZJ1 consists of 2,414,672 bp, with 2,042 protein-coding genes, 69 noncoding RNA genes, and 60.16% G+C content.
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199
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Elshaer AM, El-Kharashi OA, Hamam GG, Nabih ES, Magdy YM, Abd El Samad AA. Involvement of TLR4/ CXCL9/ PREX-2 pathway in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the promising role of early administration of lactobacillus plantarum in Wistar rats. Tissue Cell 2019; 60:38-47. [PMID: 31582017 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Improvement of gut microbiota may help in preventing the progression of cirrhosis. We supposed that Lactobacillus Plantarum (L. Plantarum) protects the cirrhotic liver through suppression of TLR4/ CXCL9/ PREX-2. METHODOLOGY Rats were divided into two groups. Group I, lasts for six weeks and Group II lasts for 12 weeks. Each group was subdivided into: naïve, Lactobacillus Plantarum (L. Plantarum), thioacetamide (TAA) and TAA + L. Plantarum. Liver function tests, α fetoprotein (AFP) levels, CXCL9, PREX-2 and TLR4 expression were assessed. Histological studies were performed. RESULTS TAA induced significant deterioration in liver functions and increased AFP. There was periportal cirrhosis, vacuolated hepatocytes, decrease hepatocyte parrafin-1 (hep par-1) expression, increase proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. The PCR results showed significant increase in TLR4, CXCL9 and PREX-2 expression. Early administration of L. Plantarum significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, CXCL9 and PREX-2 together with improvement in liver function and prevented the pathological changes. CONCLUSIONS The cirrhotic complications induced by TAA are through activation of TLR4/ CXCL9/ PREX-2 pathway and could be prevented by the early administration of L. Plantarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Elshaer
- Department of clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Omnyah A El-Kharashi
- Department of clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Galal Hamam
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Enas S Nabih
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yosra M Magdy
- Department of clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Abd El Samad
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071613. [PMID: 31315227 PMCID: PMC6682904 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders and colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence in Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden of care. Dietary patterns and environmental factors have a profound effect on shaping gut microbiota in real time. Diverse populations of intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through the fermentation of dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with important roles in lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that an individual’s starting microbial profile is a key determinant in predicting their response to intervention with live probiotics. The gut microbiota is complex and challenging to characterize. Enterotypes have been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla, and the relative abundance of beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition and relative populations of bacterial species are linked to physiologic health along different axes. We review the role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora. The implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.
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