2001
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Human t-DARPP is induced during striatal development. Neuroscience 2016; 333:320-30. [PMID: 27475250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32kDa (DARPP-32, also known as PPP1R1B) gene codes for different transcripts that are mainly translated into two DARPP-32 protein isoforms, full length (fl)-DARPP-32 and truncated (t)-DARPP. The t-DARPP lacks the first 36 residues at the N-terminal, which alters its function. In the central nervous system, fl-DARPP-32 is highly expressed in GABAergic striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), where it integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic input signaling. However, no information about human DARPP-32 isoform expression during MSNs maturation is available. In this study, our aim is to determine the expression of the two DARPP-32 isoforms in human fetal and adult striatal samples. We show that DARPP-32 isoform expression is differentially regulated during human striatal development, with the t-DARPP isoform being virtually absent from whole ganglionic eminence (WGE) and highly induced in the adult striatum (in both caudate and putamen). We next compared the four most common anti-DARPP-32 antibodies used in human specimens, to study their recognition of the two isoforms in fetal and adult human striatal samples by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The four antibodies specifically identify the fl-DARPP-32 in both fetal and adult samples, while t-DARPP form was only detected in adult striatal samples. In addition, the lack of t-DARPP recognition in human adult striatum by the antibody generated against the full-length domain produces in turn different efficacy by immunohistochemical analysis. In conclusion, our results show that expression of human DARPP-32 protein isoforms depends on the striatal neurodevelopmental stage with t-DARPP being specific for the human adult striatum.
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2002
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Norris EL, Headlam MJ, Dave KA, Smith DD, Bukreyev A, Singh T, Jayakody BA, Chappell KJ, Collins PL, Gorman JJ. Proteoform-Specific Insights into Cellular Proteome Regulation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3297-3320. [PMID: 27451424 PMCID: PMC5054351 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.058438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding compositions of proteomes at the proteoform level enhances insights into cellular phenotypes. A strategy is described herein for discovery of proteoform-specific information about cellular proteomes. This strategy involved analysis of data obtained by bottom-up mass spectrometry of multiple protein OGE separations on a fraction by fraction basis. The strategy was exemplified using five matched sets of lysates of uninfected and human respiratory syncytial virus-infected A549 cells. Template matching demonstrated that 67.3% of 10475 protein profiles identified focused to narrow pI windows indicative of efficacious focusing. Furthermore, correlation between experimental and theoretical pI gradients indicated reproducible focusing. Based on these observations a proteoform profiling strategy was developed to identify proteoforms, detect proteoform diversity and discover potential proteoform regulation. One component of this strategy involved examination of the focusing profiles for protein groups. A novel concordance analysis facilitated differentiation between proteoforms, including proteoforms generated by alternate splicing and proteolysis. Evaluation of focusing profiles and concordance analysis were applicable to cells from a single and/or multiple biological states. Statistical analyses identified proteoform variation between biological states. Regulation relevant to cellular responses to human respiratory syncytial virus was revealed. Western blotting and Protomap analyses validated the proteoform regulation. Discovery of STAT1, WARS, MX1, and HSPB1 proteoform regulation by human respiratory syncytial virus highlighted the impact of the profiling strategy. Novel truncated proteoforms of MX1 were identified in infected cells and phosphorylation driven regulation of HSPB1 proteoforms was correlated with infection. The proteoform profiling strategy is generally applicable to investigating interactions between viruses and host cells and the analysis of other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David D Smith
- §Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- ¶Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | | | | | - Keith J Chappell
- ‖School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter L Collins
- ¶Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and
| | - Jeffrey J Gorman
- From the ‡Protein Discovery Centre and ‖School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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2003
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Patel P, Prescott GR, Burgoyne RD, Lian LY, Morgan A. Phosphorylation of Cysteine String Protein Triggers a Major Conformational Switch. Structure 2016; 24:1380-1386. [PMID: 27452402 PMCID: PMC4975591 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine string protein (CSP) is a member of the DnaJ/Hsp40 chaperone family that localizes to neuronal synaptic vesicles. Impaired CSP function leads to neurodegeneration in humans and model organisms as a result of misfolding of client proteins involved in neurotransmission. Mammalian CSP is phosphorylated in vivo on Ser10, and this modulates its protein interactions and effects on neurotransmitter release. However, there are no data on the structural consequences of CSP phosphorylation to explain these functional effects. We show that Ser10 phosphorylation causes an order-to-disorder transition that disrupts CSP's extreme N-terminal α helix. This triggers the concomitant formation of a hairpin loop stabilized by ionic interactions between phosphoSer10 and the highly conserved J-domain residue, Lys58. These phosphorylation-induced effects result in significant changes to CSP conformation and surface charge distribution. The phospho-switch revealed here provides structural insight into how Ser10 phosphorylation modulates CSP function and also has potential implications for other DnaJ phosphoproteins. First structure of a phosphorylated DnaJ/Hsp40 protein Phosphorylation destabilizes CSP's N-terminal α helix Newly disordered, phosphorylated N-terminal loop binds to the J domain Phosphorylation causes significant changes to CSP conformation and surface charge
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Affiliation(s)
- Pryank Patel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Gerald R Prescott
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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2004
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Hertz EPT, Kruse T, Davey NE, López-Méndez B, Sigurðsson JO, Montoya G, Olsen JV, Nilsson J. A Conserved Motif Provides Binding Specificity to the PP2A-B56 Phosphatase. Mol Cell 2016; 63:686-695. [PMID: 27453045 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein phosphorylation is a fundamental mechanism regulating biological processes in all organisms. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is the main source of phosphatase activity in the cell, but the molecular details of substrate recognition are unknown. Here, we report that a conserved surface-exposed pocket on PP2A regulatory B56 subunits binds to a consensus sequence on interacting proteins, which we term the LxxIxE motif. The composition of the motif modulates the affinity for B56, which in turn determines the phosphorylation status of associated substrates. Phosphorylation of amino acid residues within the motif increases B56 binding, allowing integration of kinase and phosphatase activity. We identify conserved LxxIxE motifs in essential proteins throughout the eukaryotic domain of life and in human viruses, suggesting that the motifs are required for basic cellular function. Our study provides a molecular description of PP2A binding specificity with broad implications for understanding signaling in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Peter Thrane Hertz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Blanca López-Méndez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jón Otti Sigurðsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2005
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Wu KZL, Wang GN, Fitzgerald J, Quachthithu H, Rainey MD, Cattaneo A, Bachi A, Santocanale C. DDK dependent regulation of TOP2A at centromeres revealed by a chemical genetics approach. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8786-8798. [PMID: 27407105 PMCID: PMC5062981 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells the CDC7/DBF4 kinase, also known as DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK), is required for the firing of DNA replication origins. CDC7 is also involved in replication stress responses and its depletion sensitises cells to drugs that affect fork progression, including Topoisomerase 2 poisons. Although CDC7 is an important regulator of cell division, relatively few substrates and bona-fide CDC7 phosphorylation sites have been identified to date in human cells. In this study, we have generated an active recombinant CDC7/DBF4 kinase that can utilize bulky ATP analogues. By performing in vitro kinase assays using benzyl-thio-ATP, we have identified TOP2A as a primary CDC7 substrate in nuclear extracts, and serine 1213 and serine 1525 as in vitro phosphorylation sites. We show that CDC7/DBF4 and TOP2A interact in cells, that this interaction mainly occurs early in S-phase, and that it is compromised after treatment with CDC7 inhibitors. We further provide evidence that human DBF4 localises at centromeres, to which TOP2A is progressively recruited during S-phase. Importantly, we found that CDC7/DBF4 down-regulation, as well S1213A/S1525A TOP2A mutations can advance the timing of centromeric TOP2A recruitment in S-phase. Our results indicate that TOP2A is a novel DDK target and have important implications for centromere biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Guan-Nan Wang
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Fitzgerald
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Huong Quachthithu
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael D Rainey
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Angela Cattaneo
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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2006
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Malmersjö S, Di Palma S, Diao J, Lai Y, Pfuetzner RA, Wang AL, McMahon MA, Hayer A, Porteus M, Bodenmiller B, Brunger AT, Meyer T. Phosphorylation of residues inside the SNARE complex suppresses secretory vesicle fusion. EMBO J 2016; 35:1810-21. [PMID: 27402227 PMCID: PMC5010044 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is essential for eukaryotic life, requiring SNARE proteins to zipper up in an α‐helical bundle to pull two membranes together. Here, we show that vesicle fusion can be suppressed by phosphorylation of core conserved residues inside the SNARE domain. We took a proteomics approach using a PKCB knockout mast cell model and found that the key mast cell secretory protein VAMP8 becomes phosphorylated by PKC at multiple residues in the SNARE domain. Our data suggest that VAMP8 phosphorylation reduces vesicle fusion in vitro and suppresses secretion in living cells, allowing vesicles to dock but preventing fusion with the plasma membrane. Markedly, we show that the phosphorylation motif is absent in all eukaryotic neuronal VAMPs, but present in all other VAMPs. Thus, phosphorylation of SNARE domains is a general mechanism to restrict how much cells secrete, opening the door for new therapeutic strategies for suppression of secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Malmersjö
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Di Palma
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Lai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Pfuetzner
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Austin L Wang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Moira A McMahon
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel T Brunger
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Photon Science, and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2007
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Hsin KY, Matsuoka Y, Asai Y, Kamiyoshi K, Watanabe T, Kawaoka Y, Kitano H. systemsDock: a web server for network pharmacology-based prediction and analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:W507-13. [PMID: 27131384 PMCID: PMC4987901 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present systemsDock, a web server for network pharmacology-based prediction and analysis, which permits docking simulation and molecular pathway map for comprehensive characterization of ligand selectivity and interpretation of ligand action on a complex molecular network. It incorporates an elaborately designed scoring function for molecular docking to assess protein-ligand binding potential. For large-scale screening and ease of investigation, systemsDock has a user-friendly GUI interface for molecule preparation, parameter specification and result inspection. Ligand binding potentials against individual proteins can be directly displayed on an uploaded molecular interaction map, allowing users to systemically investigate network-dependent effects of a drug or drug candidate. A case study is given to demonstrate how systemsDock can be used to discover a test compound's multi-target activity. systemsDock is freely accessible at http://systemsdock.unit.oist.jp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yi Hsin
- Integrated Open Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsuoka
- The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Asai
- Integrated Open Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Kyota Kamiyoshi
- Integrated Open Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Tokiko Watanabe
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Integrated Open Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan The Systems Biology Institute, Minato, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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2008
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Rouillard AD, Gundersen GW, Fernandez NF, Wang Z, Monteiro CD, McDermott MG, Ma'ayan A. The harmonizome: a collection of processed datasets gathered to serve and mine knowledge about genes and proteins. Database (Oxford) 2016; 2016:baw100. [PMID: 27374120 PMCID: PMC4930834 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics efforts rapidly generate a plethora of data on the activity and levels of biomolecules within mammalian cells. At the same time, curation projects that organize knowledge from the biomedical literature into online databases are expanding. Hence, there is a wealth of information about genes, proteins and their associations, with an urgent need for data integration to achieve better knowledge extraction and data reuse. For this purpose, we developed the Harmonizome: a collection of processed datasets gathered to serve and mine knowledge about genes and proteins from over 70 major online resources. We extracted, abstracted and organized data into ∼72 million functional associations between genes/proteins and their attributes. Such attributes could be physical relationships with other biomolecules, expression in cell lines and tissues, genetic associations with knockout mouse or human phenotypes, or changes in expression after drug treatment. We stored these associations in a relational database along with rich metadata for the genes/proteins, their attributes and the original resources. The freely available Harmonizome web portal provides a graphical user interface, a web service and a mobile app for querying, browsing and downloading all of the collected data. To demonstrate the utility of the Harmonizome, we computed and visualized gene-gene and attribute-attribute similarity networks, and through unsupervised clustering, identified many unexpected relationships by combining pairs of datasets such as the association between kinase perturbations and disease signatures. We also applied supervised machine learning methods to predict novel substrates for kinases, endogenous ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, mouse phenotypes for knockout genes, and classified unannotated transmembrane proteins for likelihood of being ion channels. The Harmonizome is a comprehensive resource of knowledge about genes and proteins, and as such, it enables researchers to discover novel relationships between biological entities, as well as form novel data-driven hypotheses for experimental validation.Database URL: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Harmonizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Rouillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Gundersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas F Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline D Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G McDermott
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC), Mount Sinai's Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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2009
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Preclinical models for interrogating drug action in human cancers using Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM). Metabolomics 2016; 12:118. [PMID: 27489532 PMCID: PMC4968890 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this review we compare the advantages and disadvantages of different model biological systems for determining the metabolic functions of cells in complex environments, how they may change in different disease states, and respond to therapeutic interventions. BACKGROUND All preclinical drug-testing models have advantages and drawbacks. We compare and contrast established cell, organoid and animal models with ex vivo organ or tissue culture and in vivo human experiments in the context of metabolic readout of drug efficacy. As metabolism reports directly on the biochemical state of cells and tissues, it can be very sensitive to drugs and/or other environmental changes. This is especially so when metabolic activities are probed by stable isotope tracing methods, which can also provide detailed mechanistic information on drug action. We have developed and been applying Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) to examine metabolic reprogramming of human lung cancer cells in monoculture, in mouse xenograft/explant models, and in lung cancer patients in situ (Lane et al. 2011; T. W. Fan et al. 2011; T. W-M. Fan et al. 2012; T. W. Fan et al. 2012; Xie et al. 2014b; Ren et al. 2014a; Sellers et al. 2015b). We are able to determine the influence of the tumor microenvironment using these models. We have now extended the range of models to fresh human tissue slices, similar to those originally described by O. Warburg (Warburg 1923), which retain the native tissue architecture and heterogeneity with a paired benign versus cancer design under defined cell culture conditions. This platform offers an unprecedented human tissue model for preclinical studies on metabolic reprogramming of human cancer cells in their tissue context, and response to drug treatment (Xie et al. 2014a). As the microenvironment of the target human tissue is retained and individual patient's response to drugs is obtained, this platform promises to transcend current limitations of drug selection for clinical trials or treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK Development of ex vivo human tissue and animal models with humanized organs including bone marrow and liver show considerable promise for analyzing drug responses that are more relevant to humans. Similarly using stable isotope tracer methods with these improved models in advanced stages of the drug development pipeline, in conjunction with tissue biopsy is expected significantly to reduce the high failure rate of experimental drugs in Phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
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2010
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Cesaro L, Pinna LA. The generation of phosphoserine stretches in phosphoproteins: mechanism and significance. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016. [PMID: 26211804 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the infancy of studies on protein phosphorylation the occurrence of clusters of three or more consecutive phosphoseryl residues in secreted and in cellular phosphoproteins was reported. Later however, while the reversible phosphorylation of Ser, Thr and Tyr residues was recognized to be the most frequent and general mechanism of cell regulation and signal transduction, the phenomenon of multi-phosphorylation of adjacent residues was entirely neglected. Nowadays, in the post-genomic era, the availability of large phosphoproteomics database makes possible a comprehensive re-visitation of this intriguing aspect of protein phosphorylation, aimed at shedding light on both its mechanistic occurrence and its functional meaning. Here we describe an analysis of the human phosphoproteome disclosing the existence of more than 800 rows of 3 to >10 consecutive phosphoamino acids, composed almost exclusively of phosphoserine, while clustered phosphothreonines and phosphotyrosines are almost absent. A scrutiny of these phosphorylated rows supports the conclusion that they are generated through the major contribution of a few hierarchical protein kinases, with special reference to CK2. Also well documented is the combined intervention of CK1 and GSK3, the former acting as priming and primed, the latter as primed kinase. The by far largest proportion of proteins containing (pS)n clusters display a nuclear localization where they play a prominent role in the regulation of transcription. Consistently the molecular function of the by far largest majority of these proteins is the ability to bind other macromolecules and/or nucleotides and metal ions. A "String" analysis performed under stringent conditions reveals that >80% of them are connected to each other by physical and/or functional links, and that this network of interactions mostly take place at the nuclear level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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2011
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Tyanova S, Temu T, Sinitcyn P, Carlson A, Hein MY, Geiger T, Mann M, Cox J. The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote)omics data. Nat Methods 2016; 13:731-40. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4028] [Impact Index Per Article: 503.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2012
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Complex genetic findings in a female patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: Null mutations in the PDHX gene associated with unusual expression of the testis-specific PDHA2 gene in her somatic cells. Gene 2016; 591:417-24. [PMID: 27343776 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes a key step in the generation of cellular energy and is composed by three catalytic elements (E1, E2, E3), one structural subunit (E3-binding protein), and specific regulatory elements, phosphatases and kinases (PDKs, PDPs). The E1α subunit exists as two isoforms encoded by different genes: PDHA1 located on Xp22.1 and expressed in somatic tissues, and the intronless PDHA2 located on chromosome 4 and only detected in human spermatocytes and spermatids. We report on a young adult female patient who has PDC deficiency associated with a compound heterozygosity in PDHX encoding the E3-binding protein. Additionally, in the patient and in all members of her immediate family, a full-length testis-specific PDHA2 mRNA and a 5'UTR-truncated PDHA1 mRNA were detected in circulating lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts, being both mRNAs translated into full-length PDHA2 and PDHA1 proteins, resulting in the co-existence of both PDHA isoforms in somatic cells. Moreover, we observed that DNA hypomethylation of a CpG island in the coding region of PDHA2 gene is associated with the somatic activation of this gene transcription in these individuals. This study represents the first natural model of the de-repression of the testis-specific PDHA2 gene in human somatic cells, and raises some questions related to the somatic activation of this gene as a potential therapeutic approach for most forms of PDC deficiency.
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2013
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Hoofnagle AN, Whiteaker JR, Carr SA, Kuhn E, Liu T, Massoni SA, Thomas SN, Townsend RR, Zimmerman LJ, Boja E, Chen J, Crimmins DL, Davies SR, Gao Y, Hiltke TR, Ketchum KA, Kinsinger CR, Mesri M, Meyer MR, Qian WJ, Schoenherr RM, Scott MG, Shi T, Whiteley GR, Wrobel JA, Wu C, Ackermann BL, Aebersold R, Barnidge DR, Bunk DM, Clarke N, Fishman JB, Grant RP, Kusebauch U, Kushnir MM, Lowenthal MS, Moritz RL, Neubert H, Patterson SD, Rockwood AL, Rogers J, Singh RJ, Van Eyk JE, Wong SH, Zhang S, Chan DW, Chen X, Ellis MJ, Liebler DC, Rodland KD, Rodriguez H, Smith RD, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Paulovich AG. Recommendations for the Generation, Quantification, Storage, and Handling of Peptides Used for Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays. Clin Chem 2016; 62:48-69. [PMID: 26719571 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.250563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, basic and clinical researchers have taken advantage of the analytical sensitivity and specificity afforded by mass spectrometry in the measurement of proteins. Clinical laboratories are now beginning to deploy these work flows as well. For assays that use proteolysis to generate peptides for protein quantification and characterization, synthetic stable isotope-labeled internal standard peptides are of central importance. No general recommendations are currently available surrounding the use of peptides in protein mass spectrometric assays. CONTENT The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium of the National Cancer Institute has collaborated with clinical laboratorians, peptide manufacturers, metrologists, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, and other professionals to develop a consensus set of recommendations for peptide procurement, characterization, storage, and handling, as well as approaches to the interpretation of the data generated by mass spectrometric protein assays. Additionally, the importance of carefully characterized reference materials-in particular, peptide standards for the improved concordance of amino acid analysis methods across the industry-is highlighted. The alignment of practices around the use of peptides and the transparency of sample preparation protocols should allow for the harmonization of peptide and protein quantification in research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Yuqian Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | - Tujin Shi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | - John A Wrobel
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Russ P Grant
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc., Burlington, NC
| | | | - Mark M Kushnir
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan L Rockwood
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Chen
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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2014
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Brasseur K, Fabi F, Adam P, Parent S, Lessard L, Asselin E. Post-translational regulation of the cleaved fragment of Par-4 in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:36971-36987. [PMID: 27175591 PMCID: PMC5095052 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the caspase3-dependent cleavage of Par-4 resulting in the accumulation of a 25kDa cleaved-Par-4 (cl-Par-4) fragment and we investigated in the present study the mechanisms regulating this fragment using cl-Par-4-expressing stable clones derived from ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines.Cl-Par-4 protein was weakly express in all stable clones despite constitutive expression. However, upon cisplatin treatment, cl-Par-4 levels increased up to 50-fold relative to baseline conditions. Treatment of stable clones with proteasome and translation inhibitors revealed that cisplatin exposure might in fact protect cl-Par-4 from proteasome-dependent degradation. PI3K and MAPK pathways were also implicated as evidenced by an increase of cl-Par-4 in the presence of PI3K inhibitors and a decrease using MAPK inhibitors. Finally using bioinformatics resources, we found diverse datasets showing similar results to those we observed with the proteasome and cl-Par-4 further supporting our data.These new findings add to the complex mechanisms regulating Par-4 expression and activity, and justify further studies addressing the biological significance of this phenomenon in gynaecological cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brasseur
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - François Fabi
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Pascal Adam
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Sophie Parent
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Laurent Lessard
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Eric Asselin
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
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2015
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Shukalek CB, Swanlund DP, Rousseau RK, Weigl KE, Marensi V, Cole SPC, Leslie EM. Arsenic Triglutathione [As(GS)3] Transport by Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) Is Selectively Modified by Phosphorylation of Tyr920/Ser921 and Glycosylation of Asn19/Asn23. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:127-39. [PMID: 27297967 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is responsible for the cellular export of a chemically diverse array of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is a high-affinity MRP1 substrate as arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)3]. In this study, marked differences in As(GS)3 transport kinetics were observed between MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles prepared from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) (Km 3.8 µM and Vmax 307 pmol/mg per minute) and HeLa (Km 0.32 µM and Vmax 42 pmol/mg per minute) cells. Mutant MRP1 lacking N-linked glycosylation [Asn19/23/1006Gln; sugar-free (SF)-MRP1] expressed in either HEK293 or HeLa cells had low Km and Vmax values for As(GS)3, similar to HeLa wild-type (WT) MRP1. When prepared in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors, both WT- and SF-MRP1-enriched membrane vesicles had a high Km value for As(GS)3 (3-6 µM), regardless of the cell line. Kinetic parameters of As(GS)3 for HEK-Asn19/23Gln-MRP1 were similar to those of HeLa/HEK-SF-MRP1 and HeLa-WT-MRP1, whereas those of single glycosylation mutants were like those of HEK-WT-MRP1. Mutation of 19 potential MRP1 phosphorylation sites revealed that HEK-Tyr920Phe/Ser921Ala-MRP1 transported As(GS)3 like HeLa-WT-MRP1, whereas individual HEK-Tyr920Phe- and -Ser921Ala-MRP1 mutants were similar to HEK-WT-MRP1. Together, these results suggest that Asn19/Asn23 glycosylation and Tyr920/Ser921 phosphorylation are responsible for altering the kinetics of MRP1-mediated As(GS)3 transport. The kinetics of As(GS)3 transport by HEK-Asn19/23Gln/Tyr920Glu/Ser921Glu were similar to HEK-WT-MRP1, indicating that the phosphorylation-mimicking substitutions abrogated the influence of Asn19/23Gln glycosylation. Overall, these data suggest that cross-talk between MRP1 glycosylation and phosphorylation occurs and that phosphorylation of Tyr920 and Ser921 can switch MRP1 to a lower-affinity, higher-capacity As(GS)3 transporter, allowing arsenic detoxification over a broad concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley B Shukalek
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane P Swanlund
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodney K Rousseau
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin E Weigl
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Department of Physiology (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.) and Membrane Protein Disease Research Group (C.B.S., D.P.S., R.K.R., V.M., E.M.L.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics (K.E.W., S.P.C.C.), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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2016
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Smithers CC, Overduin M. Structural Mechanisms and Drug Discovery Prospects of Rho GTPases. Cells 2016; 5:E26. [PMID: 27304967 PMCID: PMC4931675 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate cellular morphology and dynamics, and some are key drivers of cancer progression. This superfamily offers attractive potential targets for therapeutic intervention, with RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 being prime examples. The challenges in developing agents that act on these signaling enzymes include the lack of obvious druggable pockets and their membrane-bound activities. However, progress in targeting the similar Ras protein is illuminating new strategies for specifically inhibiting oncogenic GTPases. The structures of multiple signaling and regulatory states of Rho proteins have been determined, and the post-translational modifications including acylation and phosphorylation points have been mapped and their functional effects examined. The development of inhibitors to probe the significance of overexpression and mutational hyperactivation of these GTPases underscores their importance in cancer progression. The ability to integrate in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations of drug-like molecules indicates the growing tractability of GTPase systems for lead optimization. Although no Rho-targeted drug molecules have yet been clinically approved, this family is clearly showing increasing promise for the development of precision medicine and combination cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Smithers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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2017
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Mutational patterns in oncogenes and tumour suppressors. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:925-31. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
All cancers depend upon mutations in critical genes, which confer a selective advantage to the tumour cell. Knowledge of these mutations is crucial to understanding the biology of cancer initiation and progression, and to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. The key to understanding the contribution of a disease-associated mutation to the development and progression of cancer, comes from an understanding of the consequences of that mutation on the function of the affected protein, and the impact on the pathways in which that protein is involved. In this paper we examine the mutation patterns observed in oncogenes and tumour suppressors, and discuss different approaches that have been developed to identify driver mutations within cancers that contribute to the disease progress. We also discuss the MOKCa database where we have developed an automatic pipeline that structurally and functionally annotates all proteins from the human proteome that are mutated in cancer.
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2018
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Kinoshita E, Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Kubota Y, Takekawa M, Koike T. A Phos-tag SDS-PAGE method that effectively uses phosphoproteomic data for profiling the phosphorylation dynamics of MEK1. Proteomics 2016; 16:1825-36. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Molecular Science; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Emiko Kinoshita-Kikuta
- Department of Functional Molecular Science; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Yuji Kubota
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Takekawa
- Division of Cell Signaling and Molecular Medicine; Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Tohru Koike
- Department of Functional Molecular Science; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
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2019
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Lera RF, Potts GK, Suzuki A, Johnson JM, Salmon ED, Coon JJ, Burkard ME. Decoding Polo-like kinase 1 signaling along the kinetochore-centromere axis. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:411-8. [PMID: 27043190 PMCID: PMC4871769 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase signaling along the kinetochore-centromere axis is crucial to assure mitotic fidelity, yet the details of its spatial coordination are obscure. Here, we examined how pools of human Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) within this axis control signaling events to elicit mitotic functions. To do this, we restricted active Plk1 to discrete subcompartments within the kinetochore-centromere axis using chemical genetics and decoded functional and phosphoproteomic signatures of each. We observe distinct phosphoproteomic and functional roles, suggesting that Plk1 exists and functions in discrete pools along this axis. Deep within the centromere, Plk1 operates to assure proper chromosome alignment and segregation. Thus, Plk1 at the kinetochore is a conglomerate of an observable bulk pool coupled with additional functional pools below the threshold of microscopic detection or resolution. Although complex, this multiplicity of locales provides an opportunity to decouple functional and phosphoproteomic signatures for a comprehensive understanding of Plk1's kinetochore functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Lera
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
| | - Gregory K. Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706
| | - Aussie Suzuki
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - James M. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
| | - Edward D. Salmon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706
- Genome Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
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2020
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Chen X, Guo D, Zhu Y, Xian F, Liu S, Wu L, Lou X. Nuclear phosphoproteomics analysis reveals that CDK1/2 are involved in EGF-regulated constitutive pre-mRNA splicing in MDA-MB-468 cells. J Proteomics 2016; 141:77-84. [PMID: 27109354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) pathway is one of the most dysregulated and extensively investigated signaling pathways in human cancers and plays important roles in the regulation of nuclear functions through both cytoplasmic and nuclear EGFR pathways. However, the current understanding of the nuclear phosphorylation responses to activated EGFR pathways remains limited. In the present study, phosphoproteomics analysis revealed the increased phosphorylation of 90 nuclear proteins, primarily involved in RNA processing, pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle regulation, upon EGF stimulation in MDA-MB-468 cells. Cellular splicing assays of the β-globin (HBB) minigene confirmed that EGF induced constitutive pre-mRNA splicing. Further analysis of phosphoproteomics data identified multiple CDK1/2 substrates in pre-mRNA splicing-related proteins, and both CDK1/2 inhibitors and CDK1/2 knockdowns reduced EGF-regulated pre-mRNA splicing. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide evidence that CDK1/2 participate in the regulation of constitutive pre-mRNA splicing by EGF stimulation in MDA-MB-468 cells. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we successfully carried out a survey of nuclear phosphorylation changes in response to EGF stimulation. The results from the functional category analysis and pre-mRNA splicing assay strongly indicated that EGFR activation increased constitutive pre-mRNA splicing in MDA-MB-468 cells, revealing additional role of EGFR on regulation of mRNA maturation beyond alternative pre-mRNA splicing reported by previous studies. Furthermore, we found that CDK1/2 participated in constitutive pre-mRNA splicing regulation by EGF in MDA-MB-468 cells. Our study provides new knowledge for understanding the regulation of constitutive pre-mRNA splicing by EGF stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Feng Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2021
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Morimoto D, Shirakawa M. The evolving world of ubiquitin: transformed polyubiquitin chains. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:157-67. [PMID: 27226101 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of diverse cellular events by proteins that have undergone post-translational modification with ubiquitin is well documented. Ubiquitin can be polymerized and eight types of polyubiquitin chain contribute to the complexity and specificity of the ubiquitin signal. Unexpectedly, recent studies have shown that ubiquitin itself undergoes post-translational modification by acetylation and phosphorylation; moreover, amyloid-like fibrils comprised of polyubiquitin chains have been discovered. Thus, ubiquitin is not only conjugated to substrate proteins, but also modified and transformed itself. Here, we review these novel forms of ubiquitin signal, with a focus on fibril formation of polyubiquitin chains and its underlying biological relevance.
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2022
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McKenna NJ. Research Resources for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:153-9. [PMID: 27216565 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor (NR) signaling pathways impact cellular function in a broad variety of tissues in both normal physiology and disease states. The complex tissue-specific biology of these pathways is an enduring impediment to the development of clinical NR small-molecule modulators that combine therapeutically desirable effects in specific target tissues with suppression of off-target effects in other tissues. Supporting the important primary research in this area is a variety of web-based resources that assist researchers in gaining an appreciation of the molecular determinants of the pharmacology of a NR pathway in a given tissue. In this study, selected representative examples of these tools are reviewed, along with discussions on how current and future generations of tools might optimally adapt to the future of NR signaling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Bioinformatics Resource, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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2023
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Lee S, Mardinoglu A, Zhang C, Lee D, Nielsen J. Dysregulated signaling hubs of liver lipid metabolism reveal hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5529-39. [PMID: 27216817 PMCID: PMC4937331 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate and early detection of HCC is crucial for the application of effective treatment strategies. HCC is typically caused by either viral hepatitis infection or by fatty liver disease. To diagnose and treat HCC it is necessary to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. As a major cause for development of HCC is fatty liver disease, we here investigated anomalies in regulation of lipid metabolism in the liver. We applied a tailored network-based approach to identify signaling hubs associated with regulation of this part of metabolism. Using transcriptomics data of HCC patients, we identified significant dysregulated expressions of lipid-regulated genes, across many different lipid metabolic pathways. Our findings, however, show that viral hepatitis causes HCC by a distinct mechanism, less likely involving lipid anomalies. Based on our analysis we suggest signaling hub genes governing overall catabolic or anabolic pathways, as novel drug targets for treatment of HCC that involves lipid anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjae Lee
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305 338, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305 338, Republic of Korea
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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2024
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Knyphausen P, de Boor S, Kuhlmann N, Scislowski L, Extra A, Baldus L, Schacherl M, Baumann U, Neundorf I, Lammers M. Insights into Lysine Deacetylation of Natively Folded Substrate Proteins by Sirtuins. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14677-94. [PMID: 27226597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent lysine deacylases, regulating a variety of cellular processes. The nuclear Sirt1, the cytosolic Sirt2, and the mitochondrial Sirt3 are robust deacetylases, whereas the other sirtuins have preferences for longer acyl chains. Most previous studies investigated sirtuin-catalyzed deacylation on peptide substrates only. We used the genetic code expansion concept to produce natively folded, site-specific, and lysine-acetylated Sirt1-3 substrate proteins, namely Ras-related nuclear, p53, PEPCK1, superoxide dismutase, cyclophilin D, and Hsp10, and analyzed the deacetylation reaction. Some acetylated proteins such as Ras-related nuclear, p53, and Hsp10 were robustly deacetylated by Sirt1-3. However, other reported sirtuin substrate proteins such as cyclophilin D, superoxide dismutase, and PEPCK1 were not deacetylated. Using a structural and functional approach, we describe the ability of Sirt1-3 to deacetylate two adjacent acetylated lysine residues. The dynamics of this process have implications for the lifetime of acetyl modifications on di-lysine acetylation sites and thus constitute a new mechanism for the regulation of proteins by acetylation. Our studies support that, besides the primary sequence context, the protein structure is a major determinant of sirtuin substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knyphausen
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Susanne de Boor
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Nora Kuhlmann
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Lukas Scislowski
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Antje Extra
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Linda Baldus
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
| | - Magdalena Schacherl
- the Institute for Biochemistry, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- the Institute for Biochemistry, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- the Institute for Biochemistry, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- From the Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne and
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2025
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Chen X, Stauffer S, Chen Y, Dong J. Ajuba Phosphorylation by CDK1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14761-72. [PMID: 27226586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.722751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified the adaptor protein Ajuba as a positive regulator of Yes-associated protein (YAP) oncogenic activity through inhibiting large tumor suppressor (Lats1/2) core kinases of the Hippo pathway, a signaling pathway that plays important roles in cancer. In this study, we define a novel mechanism for phospho-regulation of Ajuba in mitosis and its biological significance in cancer. We found that Ajuba is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) at Ser(119) and Ser(175) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba controls the expression of multiple cell cycle regulators; however, it does not affect Hippo signaling activity, nor does it induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We further showed that mitotic phosphorylation of Ajuba is sufficient to promote cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo Collectively, our discoveries reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for Ajuba regulation in mitosis and its role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Seth Stauffer
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
| | - Jixin Dong
- From the Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center and
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2026
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Structure and function of multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) and their relevance to drug therapy and personalized medicine. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:1555-84. [PMID: 27165417 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE; SLC47A) proteins are membrane transporters mediating the excretion of organic cations and zwitterions into bile and urine and thereby contributing to the hepatic and renal elimination of many xenobiotics. Transported substrates include creatinine as endogenous substrate, the vitamin thiamine and a number of drug agents with in part chemically different structures such as the antidiabetic metformin, the antiviral agents acyclovir and ganciclovir as well as the antibiotics cephalexin and cephradine. This review summarizes current knowledge on the structural and molecular features of human MATE transporters including data on expression and localization in different tissues, important aspects on regulation and their functional role in drug transport. The role of genetic variation of MATE proteins for drug pharmacokinetics and drug response will be discussed with consequences for personalized medicine.
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2027
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Wang S, Li Z, Shen H, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, Ji J. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Study Reveals that Protein Kinase A Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Through Phosphorylation of Catenin Beta-1 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2090-101. [PMID: 27097102 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is central to the understanding of multiple cellular signaling pathways responsible for regulating the self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we performed a large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis of rat fetal NSCs using strong cation exchange chromatography prefractionation and citric acid-assisted two-step enrichment with TiO2 strategy followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. Totally we identified 32,546 phosphosites on 5,091 phosphoproteins, among which 23,945 were class I phosphosites, and quantified 16,000 sites during NSC differentiation. More than 65% of class I phosphosites were novel when compared with PhosphoSitePlus database. Quantification results showed that the early and late stage of NSC differentiation differ greatly. We mapped 69 changed phosphosites on 20 proteins involved in Wnt signaling pathway, including S552 on catenin beta-1 (Ctnnb1) and S9 on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β). Western blotting and real-time PCR results proved that Wnt signaling pathway plays critical roles in NSC fate determination. Furthermore, inhibition and activation of PKA dramatically affected the phosphorylation state of Ctnnb1 and Gsk3β, which regulates the differentiation of NSCs. Our data provides a valuable resource for studying the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2090-2101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zheyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China
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2028
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Ahmed H, Duan S, Arrowsmith CH, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Schapira M. An Integrative Proteomic Approach Identifies Novel Cellular SMYD2 Substrates. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2052-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shili Duan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto; 1 King’s
College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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2029
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George S, Aguirre JD, Spratt DE, Bi Y, Jeffery M, Shaw GS, O'Donoghue P. Generation of phospho-ubiquitin variants by orthogonal translation reveals codon skipping. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1530-42. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna George
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Jacob D. Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Donald E. Spratt
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Yumin Bi
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Madeline Jeffery
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Gary S. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
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2030
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Dyshlovoy SA, Venz S, Hauschild J, Tabakmakher KM, Otte K, Madanchi R, Walther R, Guzii AG, Makarieva TN, Shubina LK, Fedorov SN, Stonik VA, Bokemeyer C, Balabanov S, Honecker F, V Amsberg G. Anti-migratory activity of marine alkaloid monanchocidin A - proteomics-based discovery and confirmation. Proteomics 2016; 16:1590-603. [PMID: 27001414 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monanchocidin A (MonA) is a novel marine alkaloid with promising anti-cancer properties. We recently demonstrated its high efficacy in human urogenital cancers including germ cell tumors. Here, we applied a global proteome screening approach to investigate molecular targets and biological processes affected by MonA in the human cisplatin-resistant germ cell cancer cell line NCCIT-R. Bioinformatical analysis of the proteomics data predicted an effect of MonA on cancer cell migration. Thus, proteins known to be involved in cancer cell migration and invasion were chosen for further validation. The protein alterations identified by proteomics resulted from both, regulation of the total protein expression and post-transcriptional modifications. Among others, regulation of an isoform of vimentin, up-regulation of multiple apolipoprotein E isoforms, and inhibition of hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 were found upon treatment with MonA. Further functional analyses were performed and revealed decreased cell migration and colony formation of cancer cells treated with MonA at non-cytotoxic and non-antiproliferative concentrations. This work provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms behind MonA bioactivity. Furthermore, our research is exemplary for the ability of proteomics to predict drug targets and mode of action of natural anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jessica Hauschild
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ksenya M Tabakmakher
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Katharina Otte
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Madanchi
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alla G Guzii
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana N Makarieva
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa K Shubina
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Fedorov
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild V Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2031
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VDAC2-specific cellular functions and the underlying structure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2503-14. [PMID: 27116927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Voltage Dependent Anion-selective Channel 2 (VDAC2) contributes to oxidative metabolism by sharing a role in solute transport across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) with other isoforms of the VDAC family, VDAC1 and VDAC3. Recent studies revealed that VDAC2 also has a distinctive role in mediating sarcoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria local Ca(2+) transport at least in cardiomyocytes, which is unlikely to be explained simply by the expression level of VDAC2. Furthermore, a strictly isoform-dependent VDAC2 function was revealed in the mitochondrial import and OMM-permeabilizing function of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, primarily Bak in many cell types. In addition, emerging evidence indicates a variety of other isoform-specific engagements for VDAC2. Since VDAC isoforms display 75% sequence similarity, the distinctive structure underlying VDAC2-specific functions is an intriguing problem. In this paper we summarize studies of VDAC2 structure and functions, which suggest a fundamental and exclusive role for VDAC2 in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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2032
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Weirich S, Kudithipudi S, Jeltsch A. Specificity of the SUV4-20H1 and SUV4-20H2 protein lysine methyltransferases and methylation of novel substrates. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:2344-2358. [PMID: 27105552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SUV4-20H1 and SUV4-20H2 enzymes methylate histone H4 at K20, and they have overlapping and distinct biological effects. Here, by in vitro methylation studies we confirmed that both the murine SUV4-20H enzymes strongly favor the monomethylated H4K20 peptide substrate. We also show that both enzymes only generate dimethylated H4K20 products. We determined the substrate sequence recognition motif of both enzymes using SPOT peptide arrays showing that SUV4-20H1 recognizes an (RY)-Kme1-(IVLM)-(LFI)-X-D sequence. In contrast, SUV4-20H2 shows less specificity and recognizes an X-Kme1-(IVLMK)-(LVFI)-X-(DEV) sequence, which is partially overlapping with SUV4-20H1 but has relaxed specificity at the -1 and +4 positions (if the target H4K20me1 is positon 0). Based on our data, we identify novel peptide substrates for SUV4-20H1 (K1423 of Zinc finger protein castor homolog 1) and SUV4-20H2 (K1423 of Zinc finger protein castor homolog 1, K215 of Protein Mis18-beta and K308 of Centromere protein U). All these lysine residues were already identified to be methylated in human cells, but the responsible PKMT was not known. In addition, we also tested the activity of SUV4-20H enzymes on ERK1, which was recently reported to be methylated by SUV4-20H1 at K302 and K361. However the sequences surrounding both methylation sites do not fit to the specificity profile of SUV4-20H1 and we could not detect methylation of ERK1 by any of the SUV4-20H enzymes. The possible reasons of this discrepancy and its consequences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weirich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Srikanth Kudithipudi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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2033
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Weir ME, Mann JE, Corwin T, Fulton ZW, Hao JM, Maniscalco JF, Kenney MC, Roman Roque KM, Chapdelaine EF, Stelzl U, Deming PB, Ballif BA, Hinkle KL. Novel autophosphorylation sites of Src family kinases regulate kinase activity and SH2 domain-binding capacity. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1042-52. [PMID: 27001024 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are critical players in normal and aberrant biological processes. While phosphorylation importantly regulates SFKs at two known tyrosines, large-scale phosphoproteomics have revealed four additional tyrosines commonly phosphorylated in SFKs. We found these novel tyrosines to be autophosphorylation sites. Mimicking phosphorylation at the C-terminal site to the activation loop decreased Fyn activity. Phosphomimetics and direct phosphorylation at the three SH2 domain sites increased Fyn activity while reducing phosphotyrosine-dependent interactions. While 68% of human SH2 domains exhibit conservation of at least one of these tyrosines, few have been found phosphorylated except when found in cis to a kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Weir
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Thomas Corwin
- Otto-Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zachary W Fulton
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Biology and Physical Education, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer M Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Marie C Kenney
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth F Chapdelaine
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Biology and Physical Education, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Otto-Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula B Deming
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karen L Hinkle
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Biology and Physical Education, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
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2034
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Trost B, Kusalik A, Napper S. Computational Analysis of the Predicted Evolutionary Conservation of Human Phosphorylation Sites. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152809. [PMID: 27046079 PMCID: PMC4821552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation is among the most important post-translational modifications. However, few phosphorylation sites have been experimentally identified for most species, making it difficult to determine the degree to which phosphorylation sites are conserved. The goal of this study was to use computational methods to characterize the conservation of human phosphorylation sites in a wide variety of eukaryotes. Using experimentally-determined human sites as input, homologous phosphorylation sites were predicted in all 432 eukaryotes for which complete proteomes were available. For each pair of species, we calculated phosphorylation site conservation as the number of phosphorylation sites found in both species divided by the number found in at least one of the two species. A clustering of the species based on this conservation measure was concordant with phylogenies based on traditional genomic measures. For a subset of the 432 species, phosphorylation site conservation was compared to conservation of both protein kinases and proteins in general. Protein kinases exhibited the highest degree of conservation, while general proteins were less conserved and phosphorylation sites were least conserved. Although preliminary, these data tentatively suggest that variation in phosphorylation sites may play a larger role in explaining phenotypic differences among organisms than differences in the complements of protein kinases or general proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Trost
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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2035
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Lehmann G, Udasin RG, Ciechanover A. On the linkage between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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2036
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Plug-and-play analysis of the human phosphoproteome by targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 2016; 13:431-4. [PMID: 27018578 PMCID: PMC5915315 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systematic approaches to studying cellular signaling require phosphoproteomic techniques that reproducibly measure the same phosphopeptides across multiple replicates, conditions, and time points. Here we present a method to mine information from large-scale, heterogeneous phosphoproteomics data sets to rapidly generate robust targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assays. We demonstrate the performance of our method by interrogating the IGF-1/AKT signaling pathway, showing that even rarely observed phosphorylation events can be consistently detected and precisely quantified.
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2037
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Mitchell CJ, Kim MS, Zhong J, Nirujogi RS, Bose AK, Pandey A. Unbiased identification of substrates of protein tyrosine phosphatase ptp-3 in C. elegans. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:910-20. [PMID: 27067626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte antigen related (LAR) family of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases has three members in humans - PTPRF, PTPRD and PTPRS - that have been implicated in diverse processes including embryonic development, inhibition of cell growth and axonal guidance. Mutations in the LAR family are associated with developmental defects such as cleft palate as well as various cancers including breast, neck, lung, colon and brain. Although this family of tyrosine phosphatases is important for many developmental processes, little is known of their substrates. This is partially due to functional redundancy within the LAR family, as deletion of a single gene in the LAR family does not have an appreciable phenotype, but a dual knockout is embryonically lethal in mouse models. To circumvent the inability to knockout multiple members of the LAR family in mouse models, we used a knockout of ptp-3, which is the only known ortholog of the LAR family in Caenorhabditis elegans and allows for the study of the LAR family at the organismal level. Using SILAC-based quantitative phosphoproteomics, we identified 255 putative substrates of ptp-3, which included four of the nine known annotated substrates of the LAR family. A motif analysis of the identified phosphopeptides allowed for the determination of sequences that appear to be preferentially dephosphorylated. Finally, we discovered that kinases were overrepresented in the list of identified putative substrates and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation is known to increase kinase activity were dephosphorylated by ptp-3. These data are suggestive of ptp-3 as a potential negative regulator of several kinase families, such as the mitogen activated kinases (MAPKs), and multiple tyrosine kinases including FER, MET, and NTRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Mitchell
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raja Sekhar Nirujogi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Anjun K Bose
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2038
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Garnett GA, Starke MJ, Shaurya A, Li J, Hof F. Supramolecular Affinity Chromatography for Methylation-Targeted Proteomics. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3697-703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A.E. Garnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W3 V6, Canada
| | - Melissa J. Starke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W3 V6, Canada
| | - Alok Shaurya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W3 V6, Canada
| | - Janessa Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W3 V6, Canada
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W3 V6, Canada
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2039
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Ullah S, Lin S, Xu Y, Deng W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xue Y. dbPAF: an integrative database of protein phosphorylation in animals and fungi. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23534. [PMID: 27010073 PMCID: PMC4806352 DOI: 10.1038/srep23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) and regulates a broad spectrum of biological processes. Recent progresses in phosphoproteomic identifications have generated a flood of phosphorylation sites, while the integration of these sites is an urgent need. In this work, we developed a curated database of dbPAF, containing known phosphorylation sites in H. sapiens, M. musculus, R. norvegicus, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. From the scientific literature and public databases, we totally collected and integrated 54,148 phosphoproteins with 483,001 phosphorylation sites. Multiple options were provided for accessing the data, while original references and other annotations were also present for each phosphoprotein. Based on the new data set, we computationally detected significantly over-represented sequence motifs around phosphorylation sites, predicted potential kinases that are responsible for the modification of collected phospho-sites, and evolutionarily analyzed phosphorylation conservation states across different species. Besides to be largely consistent with previous reports, our results also proposed new features of phospho-regulation. Taken together, our database can be useful for further analyses of protein phosphorylation in human and other model organisms. The dbPAF database was implemented in PHP + MySQL and freely available at http://dbpaf.biocuckoo.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shaofeng Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wankun Deng
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Bioinformatics &Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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2040
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DephosSite: a machine learning approach for discovering phosphotase-specific dephosphorylation sites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23510. [PMID: 27002216 PMCID: PMC4802303 DOI: 10.1038/srep23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein dephosphorylation, which is an inverse process of phosphorylation, plays a crucial role in a myriad of cellular processes, including mitotic cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and cell growth. Compared with tyrosine kinase substrate and phosphorylation site prediction, there is a paucity of studies focusing on computational methods of predicting protein tyrosine phosphatase substrates and dephosphorylation sites. In this work, we developed two elegant models for predicting the substrate dephosphorylation sites of three specific phosphatases, namely, PTP1B, SHP-1, and SHP-2. The first predictor is called MGPS-DEPHOS, which is modified from the GPS (Group-based Prediction System) algorithm with an interpretable capability. The second predictor is called CKSAAP-DEPHOS, which is built through the combination of support vector machine (SVM) and the composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs (CKSAAP) encoding scheme. Benchmarking experiments using jackknife cross validation and 30 repeats of 5-fold cross validation tests show that MGPS-DEPHOS and CKSAAP-DEPHOS achieved AUC values of 0.921, 0.914 and 0.912, for predicting dephosphorylation sites of the three phosphatases PTP1B, SHP-1, and SHP-2, respectively. Both methods outperformed the previously developed kNN-DEPHOS algorithm. In addition, a web server implementing our algorithms is publicly available at http://genomics.fzu.edu.cn/dephossite/ for the research community.
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2041
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dos Santos HG, Nunez-Castilla J, Siltberg-Liberles J. Functional Diversification after Gene Duplication: Paralog Specific Regions of Structural Disorder and Phosphorylation in p53, p63, and p73. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151961. [PMID: 27003913 PMCID: PMC4803236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational and functional flexibility promote protein evolvability. High evolvability allows related proteins to functionally diverge and perhaps to neostructuralize. p53 is a multifunctional protein frequently referred to as the Guardian of the Genome–a hub for e.g. incoming and outgoing signals in apoptosis and DNA repair. p53 has been found to be structurally disordered, an extreme form of conformational flexibility. Here, p53, and its paralogs p63 and p73, were studied for further insights into the evolutionary dynamics of structural disorder, secondary structure, and phosphorylation. This study is focused on the post gene duplication phase for the p53 family in vertebrates, but also visits the origin of the protein family and the early domain loss and gain events. Functional divergence, measured by rapid evolutionary dynamics of protein domains, structural properties, and phosphorylation propensity, is inferred across vertebrate p53 proteins, in p63 and p73 from fish, and between the three paralogs. In particular, structurally disordered regions are redistributed among paralogs, but within clades redistribution of structural disorder also appears to be an ongoing process. Despite its deemed importance as the Guardian of the Genome, p53 is indeed a protein with high evolvability as seen not only in rearranged structural disorder, but also in fluctuating domain sequence signatures among lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena G. dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Janelle Nunez-Castilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jessica Siltberg-Liberles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2042
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Tuand K, Stijnen P, Volders K, Declercq J, Nuytens K, Meulemans S, Creemers J. Nuclear Localization of the Autism Candidate Gene Neurobeachin and Functional Interaction with the NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Indicate a Role in Regulating Transcription. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151954. [PMID: 26999814 PMCID: PMC4801420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurobeachin (NBEA) is an autism spectrum disorders (ASD) candidate gene. NBEA deficiency affects regulated secretion, receptor trafficking, synaptic architecture and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. NBEA is a large multidomain scaffolding protein. From N- to C-terminus, NBEA has a concanavalin A-like lectin domain flanked by armadillo repeats (ACA), an A-kinase anchoring protein domain that can bind to PKA, a domain of unknown function (DUF1088) and a BEACH domain, preceded by a pleckstrin homology-like domain and followed by WD40 repeats (PBW). Although most of these domains mediate protein-protein interactions, no interaction screen has yet been performed. METHODS Yeast two-hybrid screens with the ACA and PBW domain modules of NBEA gave a list of interaction partners, which were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. Neuro-2a cells were used for confocal microscopy and nuclear extraction analysis. NOTCH-mediated transcription was studied with luciferase reporter assays and qRT-PCR, combined with NBEA knockdown or overexpression. RESULTS Both domain modules showed a GO enrichment for the nucleus. PBW almost exclusively interacted with transcription regulators, while ACA interacted with a number of PKA substrates. NBEA was partially localized in the nucleus of Neuro-2a cells, albeit much less than in the cytoplasm. A nuclear localization signal was found in the DUF1088 domain, which was shown to contribute to the nuclear localization of an EGFP-DPBW fusion protein. Yeast two-hybrid identified the Notch1 intracellular domain as a physical interactor of the PBW domain and a role for NBEA as a negative regulator in Notch-mediated transcription was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Defining novel interaction partners of conserved NBEA domain modules identified a role for NBEA as transcriptional regulator in the nucleus. The physical interaction of NBEA with NOTCH1 is most relevant for ASD pathogenesis because NOTCH signaling is essential for neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Tuand
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Stijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karolien Volders
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Nuytens
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research consortium (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - John Creemers
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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2043
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A phosphotyrosine switch regulates organic cation transporters. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10880. [PMID: 26979622 PMCID: PMC4799362 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are key determinants of therapeutic outcomes. They regulate systemic and cellular drug levels influencing efficacy as well as toxicities. Here we report a unique phosphorylation-dependent interaction between drug transporters and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which has uncovered widespread phosphotyrosine-mediated regulation of drug transporters. We initially found that organic cation transporters (OCTs), uptake carriers of metformin and oxaliplatin, were inhibited by several clinically used TKIs. Mechanistic studies showed that these TKIs inhibit the Src family kinase Yes1, which was found to be essential for OCT2 tyrosine phosphorylation and function. Yes1 inhibition in vivo diminished OCT2 activity, significantly mitigating oxaliplatin-induced acute sensory neuropathy. Along with OCT2, other SLC-family drug transporters are potentially part of an extensive 'transporter-phosphoproteome' with unique susceptibility to TKIs. On the basis of these findings we propose that TKIs, an important and rapidly expanding class of therapeutics, can functionally modulate pharmacologically important proteins by inhibiting protein kinases essential for their post-translational regulation.
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2044
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Campbell J, Ryan CJ, Brough R, Bajrami I, Pemberton HN, Chong IY, Costa-Cabral S, Frankum J, Gulati A, Holme H, Miller R, Postel-Vinay S, Rafiq R, Wei W, Williamson CT, Quigley DA, Tym J, Al-Lazikani B, Fenton T, Natrajan R, Strauss SJ, Ashworth A, Lord CJ. Large-Scale Profiling of Kinase Dependencies in Cancer Cell Lines. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2490-501. [PMID: 26947069 PMCID: PMC4802229 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to identifying cancer-specific vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets is to profile genetic dependencies in cancer cell lines. Here, we describe data from a series of siRNA screens that identify the kinase genetic dependencies in 117 cancer cell lines from ten cancer types. By integrating the siRNA screen data with molecular profiling data, including exome sequencing data, we show how vulnerabilities/genetic dependencies that are associated with mutations in specific cancer driver genes can be identified. By integrating additional data sets into this analysis, including protein-protein interaction data, we also demonstrate that the genetic dependencies associated with many cancer driver genes form dense connections on functional interaction networks. We demonstrate the utility of this resource by using it to predict the drug sensitivity of genetically or histologically defined subsets of tumor cell lines, including an increased sensitivity of osteosarcoma cell lines to FGFR inhibitors and SMAD4 mutant tumor cells to mitotic inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/enzymology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Smad4 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Smad4 Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James Campbell
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Colm J Ryan
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rachel Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Helen N Pemberton
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Irene Y Chong
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sara Costa-Cabral
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aditi Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Harriet Holme
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Rowan Miller
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Rumana Rafiq
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Chris T Williamson
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - David A Quigley
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joe Tym
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Timothy Fenton
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Sandra J Strauss
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Centre and CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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2045
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Alam N, Zimmerman L, Wolfson NA, Joseph CG, Fierke CA, Schueler-Furman O. Structure-Based Identification of HDAC8 Non-histone Substrates. Structure 2016; 24:458-68. [PMID: 26933971 PMCID: PMC5590822 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HDAC8 is a member of the family of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that catalyze the deacetylation of acetyl lysine residues within histone and non-histone proteins. The recent identification of novel non-histone HDAC8 substrates such as SMC3, ERRα, and ARID1A indicates a complex functionality of this enzyme in cellular homeostasis. To discover additional HDAC8 substrates, we developed a comprehensive, structure-based approach based on Rosetta FlexPepBind, a protocol that evaluates peptide-binding ability to a receptor from structural models of this interaction. Here we adapt this protocol to identify HDAC8 substrates using peptide sequences extracted from proteins with known acetylated sites. The many new in vitro HDAC8 peptide substrates identified in this study suggest that numerous cellular proteins are HDAC8 substrates, thus expanding our view of the acetylome and its regulation by HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawsad Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Lior Zimmerman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Noah A Wolfson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Caleb G Joseph
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Carol A Fierke
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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2046
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Olow A, Chen Z, Niedner RH, Wolf DM, Yau C, Pankov A, Lee EPR, Brown-Swigart L, van 't Veer LJ, Coppé JP. An Atlas of the Human Kinome Reveals the Mutational Landscape Underlying Dysregulated Phosphorylation Cascades in Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1733-45. [PMID: 26921330 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2325-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors are used widely to treat various cancers, but adaptive reprogramming of kinase cascades and activation of feedback loop mechanisms often contribute to therapeutic resistance. Determining comprehensive, accurate maps of kinase circuits may therefore help elucidate mechanisms of response and resistance to kinase inhibitor therapies. In this study, we identified and validated phosphorylatable target sites across human cell and tissue types to generate PhosphoAtlas, a map of 1,733 functionally interconnected proteins comprising the human phospho-reactome. A systematic curation approach was used to distill protein phosphorylation data cross-referenced from 38 public resources. We demonstrated how a catalog of 2,617 stringently verified heptameric peptide regions at the catalytic interface of kinases and substrates could expose mutations that recurrently perturb specific phospho-hubs. In silico mapping of 2,896 nonsynonymous tumor variants identified from thousands of tumor tissues also revealed that normal and aberrant catalytic interactions co-occur frequently, showing how tumors systematically hijack, as well as spare, particular subnetworks. Overall, our work provides an important new resource for interrogating the human tumor kinome to strategically identify therapeutically actionable kinase networks that drive tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1733-45. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Olow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Hannes Niedner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Aleksandr Pankov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Evelyn Pei Rong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Lamorna Brown-Swigart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California.
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2047
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Korkuć P, Walther D. Spatial proximity statistics suggest a regulatory role of protein phosphorylation on compound binding. Proteins 2016; 84:565-79. [PMID: 26817627 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein function by the attachment of negatively charged phosphate groups to phosphorylatable amino acid residues. As a mode of action, an influence of phosphorylation on the binding of compounds to proteins has been discussed and described for a number of proteins in the literature. However, a systematic statistical survey probing for enriched phosphorylation sites close to compound binding sites in support of this notion and with properly chosen random reference distributions has not been presented yet. Using high-resolution protein structures from the Protein Data Bank including their co-crystallized non-covalently bound compounds and experimentally determined phosphorylation sites, we analyzed the pairwise distance distributions of phosphorylation and compound binding sites on protein surfaces. We found that phosphorylation sites are indeed located at significantly closer distances to compounds than expected by chance holding true specifically also for the subset of compound binding sites serving as catalytic sites of metabolic reactions. This tendency was particularly evident when treating phosphorylation sites as collective sets supporting the relevance of phosphorylation hotspots. Interestingly, phosphorylation sites were found to be closer to negatively charged than to positively charged compounds suggesting a stronger modulation of the binding of negatively charged compounds in dependence on phosphorylation status than on positively charged compounds. The enrichment of phosphorylation sites near compound binding sites confirms a regulatory role of phosphorylation in compound binding and provides a solid statistical basis for the literature-reported selected events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Korkuć
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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2048
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Leyme A, Marivin A, Garcia-Marcos M. GIV/Girdin (Gα-interacting, Vesicle-associated Protein/Girdin) Creates a Positive Feedback Loop That Potentiates Outside-in Integrin Signaling in Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8269-82. [PMID: 26887938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) upon cell stimulation by the extracellular matrix initiates integrin outside-in signaling. FAK is directly recruited to active integrins, which enhances its kinase activity and triggers downstream signaling like activation of PI3K. We recently described that Gα-interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIV), a protein up-regulated in metastatic cancers, is also required for outside-in integrin signaling. More specifically, we found that GIV is a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates trimeric G proteins in response to integrin stimulation to enhance PI3K signaling and tumor cell migration. In contrast, previous reports have established that GIV is involved in phosphotyrosine (Tyr(P))-based signaling in response to growth factor stimulation;i.e.GIV phosphorylation at Tyr-1764 and Tyr-1798 recruits and activates PI3K. Here we show that phosphorylation of GIV at Tyr-1764/Tyr-1798 is also required to enhance PI3K-Akt signaling and tumor cell migration in response to integrin stimulation, indicating that GIV functions in Tyr(P)-dependent integrin signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that activation of FAK, an upstream component of the integrin Tyr(P) signaling cascade, was diminished in GIV-depleted cells, suggesting that GIV is required to establish a positive feedback loop that enhances integrin-FAK signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this feedback activation of FAK depends on both guanine nucleotide exchange factor and Tyr(P) GIV signaling as well as on their convergence point, PI3K. Taken together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into how GIV promotes proinvasive cancer cell behavior by working as a signal-amplifying platform at the crossroads of trimeric G protein and Tyr(P) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Leyme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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2049
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Deubiquitination and Activation of AMPK by USP10. Mol Cell 2016; 61:614-624. [PMID: 26876938 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the master regulator of metabolic homeostasis by sensing cellular energy status. When intracellular ATP levels decrease during energy stress, AMPK is initially activated through AMP or ADP binding and phosphorylation of a threonine residue (Thr-172) within the activation loop of its kinase domain. Here we report a key molecular mechanism by which AMPK activation is amplified under energy stress. We found that ubiquitination on AMPKα blocks AMPKα phosphorylation by LKB1. The deubiquitinase USP10 specifically removes ubiquitination on AMPKα to facilitate AMPKα phosphorylation by LKB1. Under energy stress, USP10 activity in turn is enhanced through AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of Ser76 of USP10. Thus, USP10 and AMPK form a key feedforward loop ensuring amplification of AMPK activation in response to fluctuation of cellular energy status. Disruption of this feedforward loop leads to improper AMPK activation and multiple metabolic defects.
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2050
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3DBIONOTES: A unified, enriched and interactive view of macromolecular information. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:231-4. [PMID: 26873783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of high throughput techniques like Next Generation Sequencing, the amount of biological information for genes and proteins is growing faster than ever. Structural information is also rapidly growing, especially in the cryo Electron Microscopy area. However, in many cases, the proteomic and genomic data are spread in multiple databases and with no simple connection to structural information. In this work we present a new web platform that integrates EMDB/PDB structures and UniProt sequences with different sources of protein annotations. The application provides an interactive interface linking sequence and structure, including EM maps, presenting the different sources of information at sequence and structural level. The web application is available at http://3dbionotes.cnb.csic.es.
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