23651
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Patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness following total pancreatectomy with islet cell transplantation for chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 2013; 42:322-8. [PMID: 23407482 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e318264d027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pancreatitis (CP) results in an extremely poor quality of life and substantially increases health care utilization. Few data exist regarding the cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment for CP. METHODS This article examined the cost-effectiveness of total pancreatectomy (TP) with islet cell autotransplantation (IAT) for CP. RESULTS Sixty patients undergoing TP + IAT and 37 patients undergoing TP were identified. Surgery resulted in significant reduction in opiate use, frequency of hospital admissions, and length of stay as well as visual analog scale scores for pain. Total pancreatectomy + IAT resulted in longer survival than TP alone (16.6 vs 12.9 years); 21.6% of patients with TP + IAT were insulin-independent, and those requiring insulin have reduced daily requirements compared with those having TP alone (22 vs 35 IU). The cost of TP + IAT with attendant admission and analgesia costs over the 16-year survival period was £110,445 compared with £101,608 estimated 16-year costs if no TP + IAT was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS Total pancreatectomy + IAT is effective in improving pain and reducing analgesia. Islet cell transplantation offers the chance of insulin independence and results in lower insulin requirements, as well as conferring a survival advantage when compared with TP alone. Total pancreatectomy + IAT is cost-neutral when compared with nonsurgical or segmental surgical therapy.
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23652
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Dhanwal DK, Prasad S, Agarwal AK, Dixit V, Banerjee AK. High prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism during first trimester of pregnancy in North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:281-284. [PMID: 23776903 PMCID: PMC3683205 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid dysfunction is a common occurrence in pregnancy and affects both maternal and fetal outcomes. There are limited data on prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy from India. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction especially hypothyroidism during first trimester in a large public hospital in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the consecutive first trimester pregnant women attending Lok Nayak and Kasturba Hospitals were enrolled in the study after institutional ethics approval and consent from the study subjects. The pregnant women with diagnosed thyroid disease and on thyroid medications were excluded from the study. Morning samples of study participants were analyzed for thyroid hormone profile which included free T3, free T4, TSH, and TPO Ab. In addition, all study participants were tested for CBC, LFT, KFT, and lipid profile. RESULTS A total of 1000 women were enrolled for this prospective observational study. The mean (SD) age of study subjects was 25.6 (11.1) years, and mean (SD) gestational age was 10.3 (3.4) weeks. One hundred and forty-three (14.3%) subjects had TSH values more than 4.5 mIU/L above the cutoff used for definition of hypothyroidism. Out of these, 135 had normal free T4 and therefore labeled as subclinical hypothyroidism and 7 had low free T4 suggestive of overt hypothyroidism. TPO Ab was positive in 68 (6.82%) of total, 25 (18.5%) of subclinical and 5 (71%) of overt hypothyroid patients. CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism, especially subclinical, is common in North Indian women during first trimester. Further countrywide studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of hypothyroidism to prevent maternal and fetal adverse effects of hypothyroidism in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Dhanwal
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Prasad
- Department of Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Agarwal
- Department of ENT Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dixit
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Banerjee
- Department of CTVS, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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23653
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Jilg N, Chung RT. One more piece in the interleukin 28B gene puzzle? The case of hepatitis B. Hepatology 2013; 57:870-2. [PMID: 22911469 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23654
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Inada K, Shima T, Nakashima A, Aoki K, Ito M, Saito S. Characterization of regulatory T cells in decidua of miscarriage cases with abnormal or normal fetal chromosomal content. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 97:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23655
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Wu B, Song B, Yang H, Huang B, Chi B, Guo Y, Liu H. Central nervous system damage due to acute paraquat poisoning: An experimental study with rat model. Neurotoxicology 2013; 35:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23656
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Update March 2013. Lymphat Res Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23657
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Mathias Duarte LFS, dos Reis HB, Tucci R, Dib LL. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: analysis of a case series at a dental school. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2013; 34:77-83. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Tucci
- Professor of Pathology; UNIP Dental School; São Paulo Brazil
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23658
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Lee IC, Lin CH, Huang YH, Huo TI, Su CW, Hou MC, Huang HC, Lee KC, Chan CC, Lin MW, Lin HC, Lee SD. IL28B polymorphism correlates with active hepatitis in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58071. [PMID: 23469142 PMCID: PMC3585285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The clinical relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene is controversial in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of viral and host factors, including IL28B genotypes, in the natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS The study enrolled consecutive 115 treatment-naive CHB patients. HBV viral loads, genotypes, precore and basal core promotor mutations, serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) levels as well as four SNPs of IL28B were determined. Serial alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in the previous one year before enrollment at an interval of three months were recorded. Factors associated with active hepatitis, defined as persistent ALT >2× upper limit of normal (ULN) or a peak ALT level >5× ULN, were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of rs8105790 TT, rs12979860 CC, rs8099917 TT, and rs10853728 CC genotypes were 88.3%, 87.4%, 88.4% and 70.9%, respectively. In HBeAg-positive patients (n = 48), HBV viral load correlated with active hepatitis, while in HBeAg-negative patients (n = 67), rs10853728 CC genotype (p = 0.032) and a trend of higher IP-10 levels (p = 0.092) were associated with active hepatitis. In multivariate analysis, high viral load (HBV DNA >10(8) IU/mL, p = 0.042, odds ratio = 3.946) was significantly associated with HBeAg-positive hepatitis, whereas rs10853728 CC genotype (p = 0.019, odds ratio = 3.927) was the only independent factor associated with active hepatitis in HBeAg-negative population. CONCLUSIONS HBV viral load and IL28B rs10853728 CC genotype correlated with hepatitis activity in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB, respectively. Both viral and host factors play roles in disease activity during different phases of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23659
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Xia Y, Zhang SY. Changes in CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets and clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:498-507. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i6.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various clinical manifestations may develop in people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute severe hepatitis B. Some infections become self-limiting when the virus is cleared, while approximately 90% of children and 10% of adults become HBV carriers or patients with chronic hepatitis B, who can further develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. CD4+ T lymphocytes play a central role in anti-infection immunity and can be divided into different subsets, including Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17, Th22, Th9 and Tfh. These T lymphocyte subsets all come from the same progenitor cells (Th0), although they have particular differentiation pathway and secrete different kinds of cytokines. Furthermore, they are able to interact with each other and change into each other. Particularly, the balances of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg play a vital role in determining the clinical outcomes of HBV infection.
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23660
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Morinha F, Travassos P, Seixas F, Santos N, Sargo R, Sousa L, Magalhães P, Cabral JA, Bastos E. High-resolution melting analysis for bird sexing: a successful approach to molecular sex identification using different biological samples. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:473-83. [PMID: 23433263 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a very attractive and flexible advanced post-PCR method with high sensitivity/specificity for simple, fast and cost-effective genotyping based on the detection of specific melting profiles of PCR products. Next generation real-time PCR systems, along with improved saturating DNA-binding dyes, enable the direct acquisition of HRM data after quantitative PCR. Melting behaviour is particularly influenced by the length, nucleotide sequence and GC content of the amplicons. This method is expanding rapidly in several research areas such as human genetics, reproductive biology, microbiology and ecology/conservation of wild populations. Here we have developed a successful HRM protocol for avian sex identification based on the amplification of sex-specific CHD1 fragments. The melting curve patterns allowed efficient sexual differentiation of 111 samples analysed (plucked feathers, muscle tissues, blood and oral cavity epithelial cells) of 14 bird species. In addition, we sequenced the amplified regions of the CHD1 gene and demonstrated the usefulness of this strategy for the genotype discrimination of various amplicons (CHD1Z and CHD1W), which have small size differences, ranging from 2 bp to 44 bp. The established methodology clearly revealed the advantages (e.g. closed-tube system, high sensitivity and rapidity) of a simple HRM assay for accurate sex differentiation of the species under study. The requirements, strengths and limitations of the method are addressed to provide a simple guide for its application in the field of molecular sexing of birds. The high sensitivity and resolution relative to previous real-time PCR methods makes HRM analysis an excellent approach for improving advanced molecular methods for bird sexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Morinha
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (IBB/CGB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal.
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23661
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Is there a role for transplantation in gynecologic oncology? Autotransplantation and other lessons. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 23:413-6. [PMID: 23429484 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182849d75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an exciting and novel surgical option, which may be used to treat formerly unresectable masses. This process is commonly referred to as autotransplantation (AuTn), and it combines the advances in transplant medicine and applies them to surgical oncology. The idea behind AuTn is the removal of the cancerous organ(s) to allow complete anatomic resection of the tumor mass, with consequent anastomotic reimplantation or AuTn of the now macroscopically tumor-free organ back into the patient. Autotransplantation has been used to remove large fibromatosis and desmoid tumors as well as malignant tumors. Our belief is that using lessons learned from the field of transplantation, AuTn can be applied in gynecologic oncology.
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23662
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Saito S, Shima T, Inada K, Nakashima A. Which Types of Regulatory T cells Play Important Roles in Implantation and Pregnancy Maintenance? Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:340-5. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Tomoko Shima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Kumiko Inada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nakashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Toyama; Toyama; Japan
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23663
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Sung MK, Park MY. Nutritional modulators of ulcerative colitis: Clinical efficacies and mechanistic view. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:994-1004. [PMID: 23467687 PMCID: PMC3582011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i7.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammation-associated disease of the colon and rectum. The onset and progress of the disease are directly influenced by the nature of the intestinal microflora, the intestinal barrier function, and the immunological responses of the host. The epithelial invasion of pathogenic bacteria due to excess contact and/or barrier dysfunction is related to inflammation mediated by intestinal immune responses. Although the etiology of UC is not clearly understood, recent studies have shown a rising incidence of UC worldwide, and this phenomenon is more prominent in Asian countries and in Asian immigrants in Western countries. The increased prevalence of UC also contributes to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Environmental factors, including changes in dietary habits, have been suggested as major risk factors of UC. A systematic review showed a negative association between UC risk and vegetable intake, whereas total fat, omega-6 fatty acids and meat intake were positively associated with an increased risk of UC. Individual dietary factors and energy balance have been suggested as having important roles in inducing changes in the microbial population and intestinal barrier integrity and in regulating inflammatory immune responses, directly or indirectly. Excess energy intake is now known to increase pathogenic microbial populations. Likewise, the application of appropriate probiotics may reverse the pathogenic progression of the disease. In the meantime, dietary anti-inflammatory compounds, including omega-3 fatty acids and other phytochemicals, may directly suppress inflammatory responses in the course of UC development. In this review, the increased prevalence of UC and its management are interpreted from the standpoint of nutritional modulation to regulate the intestinal microflora population, intestinal epithelium permeability, and inflammatory responses.
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23664
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van der Biessen DAJ, Cranendonk MA, Schiavon G, van der Holt B, Wiemer EAC, Eskens FALM, Verweij J, de Jonge MJA, Mathijssen RHJ. Evaluation of patient enrollment in oncology phase I clinical trials. Oncologist 2013; 18:323-9. [PMID: 23429738 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For anticancer drug development, it is crucial that patients participate in early-phase clinical trials. The main aim of this study was to gain insight into the motivations and other variables influencing patients in their decision to participate in phase I oncology trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a period of 25 months, all patients who were informed about (specific) phase I trials in our cancer center were retrospectively included in this study. Data on providing informed consent and final phase I enrollment were collected. RESULTS In total, 365 patients, with a median age of 59 years and a median World Health Organization performance status score of 1, were evaluated. The majority of patients (71%) were pretreated with systemic therapy, with a median of two lines. After specific study information had been given, 145 patients (40%) declined informed consent, 54% of them mainly because of low expectations regarding treatment benefits and concerns about potential side effects. Patients who had received previous systemic therapy consented more frequently than others. After initial consent, 61 patients (17%) still did not receive study treatment, mostly because of secondary withdrawal of consent or rapid clinical deterioration prior to first dosing. DISCUSSION After specific referral to our hospital for participation in early clinical trials, only 44% of all patients who were informed about a specific phase I trial eventually participated. Reasons for both participation and nonparticipation were diverse. Patient participation rates could be improved by forming an experienced and dedicated study team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane A J van der Biessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center – Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23665
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Peng Y, Shi K, Wang L, Lu J, Li H, Pan S, Ma C. Characterization of Osterix protein stability and physiological role in osteoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56451. [PMID: 23457570 PMCID: PMC3574093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osterix (Osx/SP7) is a C2H2 zinc finger-containing transcription factor of the SP gene family. Osx knockout mice indicate that the gene plays an essential role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of Osx are still poorly understood. Here, we report a novel post-translational mechanism for the regulation of Osx in mammalian cells. We found that the stability of endogenous and exogenous Osx reduced after cycloheximide treatment. In cells treated with the proteasome inhibitors MG-132 or lactacystin, both endogenous and exogenous Osx protein expression increased in a time-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays showed that both endogenous and exogenous Osx were ubiquitinated. Six lysine residues of Osx were identified as candidate ubiquitination sites by construction of point mutant plasmids and luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, we confirmed that K58 and K230 are the ubiquitination sites of Osx by Co-IP assays and protein stability assays. Moreover, the Osx K58R and K230R mutations promoted the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase, collagen I and osteocalcin) and enhanced osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that Osx is an unstable protein, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in the regulation of Osx and thereby regulates osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Peng
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Shi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Lu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyan Ma
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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23666
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Yang YP, Qu JH, Chang XJ, Lu YY, Bai WL, Dong Z, Wang H, An LJ, Xu ZX, Wang CP, Zeng Z, Hu KQ. High intratumoral metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 expression predicts poor outcomes of cryoablation therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:41. [PMID: 23414367 PMCID: PMC3599141 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoablation is one of the local therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its safety and effect has not been studied in patients with Child class A or B and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C HCC. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis of HCC, but its predictive value to post-cryoablation outcomes remains unknown in patients with BCLC stage C HCC. METHODS This study assessed the safety and outcomes of cryoablation measured by time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS), and predictive value of MACC1 mRNA and protein overexpression in tumorous tissue to post-cryoablation outcomes in 120 advanced HCC patients with child-pugh class A or B by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. The potenial correlation of MACC1 and c-Met expression to tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis was also analyzed. RESULTS The cryoablation in patients with advanced unresectable HCC resulted in a median TTP and OS of 5.5 (4.2- 6.7) months and 10.5 (9.0-12.0) months, respectively and no significant complications, comparable to the historical report for RFA therapy. The MACC1 mRNA and nuclear protein expression was significantly increased in tumorous tissues in these patients than that in normal liver tissue controls. Higher expression of MACC1 mRNA and nuclear protein in tumorous tissues in these patients was associated with shorter post cryoablation median TTP and OS than that with lower MACC1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Cryoablation is a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC and Child-pugh class A or B cirrhosis; and a higher intratumoral expression of MACC1 or nuclear translocation predicts poor outcomes of cryotherapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Yang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
- Beijing Institute for Infectious Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hui Qu
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Chang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wen-Lin Bai
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin-Jing An
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhong-Xian Xu
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chun-Ping Wang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302nd Hospital, 100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke-Qin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of California, 101 the City Dr., Building 56, Ste. 237, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
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23667
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Shi JQ, Zhang CC, Sun XL, Cheng XX, Wang JB, Zhang YD, Xu J, Zou HQ. Antimalarial drug artemisinin extenuates amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:262-8. [PMID: 23406388 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in neuroinflammation, which is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that artemisinin shows antiinflammatory effects in inflammation-related diseases. However, the impacts of artemisinin on AD have not been investigated. AIMS In this study, 5-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were treated daily with 40 mg/kg artemisinin for 30 days by intraperitoneal injection to evaluate the effects of artemisinin on AD. RESULTS We found that artemisinin treatment (1) decreased neuritic plaque burden; (2) did not alter Aβ transport across the blood-brain barrier; (3) regulated APP processing via inhibiting β-secretase activity; (4) inhibited NF-κB activity and NALP3 inflammasome activation in APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo study clearly demonstrates that artemisinin has protective effects on AD pathology due to its effects on suppressing NF-κB activity and NALP3 inflammasome activation. Our study suggests that targeting NF-κB activity and NALP3 inflammasome activation offers a valuable intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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23668
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li H, Gao Y, Li Y, Wu X, Teng W, Han Y, Zhao X, Li W. GmGBP1, a homolog of human ski interacting protein in soybean, regulates flowering and stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23388059 PMCID: PMC3571917 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SKIP is a transcription cofactor in many eukaryotes. It can regulate plant stress tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis. But the homolog of SKIP protein in soybean has been not reported up to now. RESULTS In this study, the expression patterns of soybean GAMYB binding protein gene (GmGBP1) encoding a homolog of SKIP protein were analyzed in soybean under abiotic stresses and different day lengths. The expression of GmGBP1 was induced by polyethyleneglycol 6000, NaCl, gibberellin, abscisic acid and heat stress. GmGBP1 had transcriptional activity in C-terminal. GmGBP1 could interact with R2R3 domain of GmGAMYB1 in SKIP domain to take part in gibberellin flowering pathway. In long-day (16 h-light) condition, transgenic Arabidopsis with the ectopic overexpression of GmGBP1 exhibited earlier flowering and less number of rosette leaves; Suppression of AtSKIP in Arabidopsis resulted in growth arrest, flowering delay and down-regulation of many flowering-related genes (CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, LEAFY); Arabidopsis myb33 mutant plants with ectopic overexpression of GmGBP1 showed the same flowering phenotype with wild type. In short-day (8 h-light) condition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants with GmGBP1 flowered later and showed a higher level of FLOWERING LOCUS C compared with wild type. When treated with abiotic stresses, transgenic Arabidopsis with the ectopic overexpression of GmGBP1 enhanced the tolerances to heat and drought stresses but reduced the tolerance to high salinity, and affected the expressions of several stress-related genes. CONCLUSIONS In Arabidopsis, GmGBP1 might positively regulate the flowering time by affecting CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, LEAFY and GAMYB directly or indirectly in photoperiodic and gibberellin pathways in LDs, but GmGBP1 might represse flowering by affecting FLOWERING LOCUS C and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE in autonomous pathway in SDs. GmGBP1 might regulate the activity of ROS-eliminating to improve the resistance to heat and drought but reduce the high-salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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23669
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Kim SC, Jung Y, Park J, Cho S, Seo C, Kim J, Kim P, Park J, Seo J, Kim J, Park S, Jang I, Kim N, Yang JO, Lee B, Rho K, Jung Y, Keum J, Lee J, Han J, Kang S, Bae S, Choi SJ, Kim S, Lee JE, Kim W, Kim J, Lee S. A high-dimensional, deep-sequencing study of lung adenocarcinoma in female never-smokers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55596. [PMID: 23405175 PMCID: PMC3566005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep sequencing techniques provide a remarkable opportunity for comprehensive understanding of tumorigenesis at the molecular level. As omics studies become popular, integrative approaches need to be developed to move from a simple cataloguing of mutations and changes in gene expression to dissecting the molecular nature of carcinogenesis at the systemic level and understanding the complex networks that lead to cancer development. RESULTS Here, we describe a high-throughput, multi-dimensional sequencing study of primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors and adjacent normal tissues of six Korean female never-smoker patients. Our data encompass results from exome-seq, RNA-seq, small RNA-seq, and MeDIP-seq. We identified and validated novel genetic aberrations, including 47 somatic mutations and 19 fusion transcripts. One of the fusions involves the c-RET gene, which was recently reported to form fusion genes that may function as drivers of carcinogenesis in lung cancer patients. We also characterized gene expression profiles, which we integrated with genomic aberrations and gene regulations into functional networks. The most prominent gene network module that emerged indicates that disturbances in G2/M transition and mitotic progression are causally linked to tumorigenesis in these patients. Also, results from the analysis strongly suggest that several novel microRNA-target interactions represent key regulatory elements of the gene network. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only provides an overview of the alterations occurring in lung adenocarcinoma at multiple levels from genome to transcriptome and epigenome, but also offers a model for integrative genomics analysis and proposes potential target pathways for the control of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Cheol Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Jung
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Seo
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pora Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jehwan Park
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jihae Seo
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Insu Jang
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Ok Yang
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byungwook Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyoohyoung Rho
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Jung
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Keum
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseon Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) and Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Han
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangeun Kang
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) and Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) and Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Jung Choi
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) and Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI) and Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SL); (JK)
| | - Sanghyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology (ERCSB), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SL); (JK)
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23670
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2013; 28:259-68. [PMID: 23381096 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32835ec472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23671
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Nallar SC, Kalakonda S, Lindner DJ, Lorenz RR, Lamarre E, Weihua X, Kalvakolanu DV. Tumor-derived mutations in the gene associated with retinoid interferon-induced mortality (GRIM-19) disrupt its anti-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity and promote oncogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7930-7941. [PMID: 23386605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is critical for multiple cytokine and growth factor-induced biological responses in vivo. Its transcriptional activity is controlled by a transient phosphorylation of a critical tyrosine. Constitutive activation of STAT3 imparts resistance to apoptosis, promotes cell proliferation, and induces de novo micro-angiogenesis, three of the six cardinal hallmarks of a typical cancer cell. Earlier we reported the isolation of GRIM-19 as a growth suppressor using a genome-wide expression knockdown strategy. GRIM-19 binds to STAT3 and suppresses its transcriptional activity. To understand the pathological relevance of GRIM-19, we screened a set of primary head and neck tumors and identified three somatic mutations in GRIM-19. Wild-type GRIM-19 suppressed cellular transformation by a constitutively active form of STAT3, whereas tumor-derived mutants L71P, L91P and A95T significantly lost their ability to associate with STAT3, block gene expression, and suppress cellular transformation and tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, these mutants lost their capacity to prevent metastasis. These mutations define a mechanism by which STAT3 activity is deregulated in certain human head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Daniel J Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Robert R Lorenz
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Eric Lamarre
- Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xiao Weihua
- University of Science Technology, 230027 Hefei, China
| | - Dhananjaya V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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23672
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Yang S, Liu M, Liang N, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Xue W, Yang S. Discovery and antitumor activities of constituents from Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith rhizomes. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:24. [PMID: 23379693 PMCID: PMC3574041 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith is an important Chinese herbal medicine because of its biological functions. However, systematic and comprehensive studies on the phytochemicals from Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith and their bioactivity are limited. Results Using the bioassay-guided technique, the ethyl acetate and n-BuOH extracts of the rhizomes of Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith were shown to exhibit good antitumor activities, consequently leading to the isolation of 23 compounds. All compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. The inhibitory activities of these compounds were investigated on tumor cells MGC-803, PC3, and A375 in vitro by MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the results showed that pimpinellin (3) had potent cytotoxic activities against the three cell lines, with the IC50 values of 14.4 ± 0.3 μM, 20.4 ± 0.5 μM, and 29.2 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. The mechanism of the antitumor action indicated that pimpinellin inhibited the growth of MGC-803 cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, with apoptosis ratio of 27.44% after 72 h of treatment at 20 μM. Conclusions This study suggests that most of the compounds from the roots of Cyrtomium fortumei (J.) Smith could inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cells. Moreover, pimpinellin inhibited the growth of tumor cells via the induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P,R, China.
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23673
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MicroRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: regulation, function, and clinical implications. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:924206. [PMID: 23431261 PMCID: PMC3575633 DOI: 10.1155/2013/924206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related death. Poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HCC makes it difficult to be diagnosed and treated at early stage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding single-stranded RNAs of ~22 nucleotides in length, posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by base pairing with the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Aberrant expression of miRNAs is found in many if not all cancers, and many deregulated miRNAs have been proved to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancers by regulating the expression of various oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this Paper, we will summarize the regulations and functions of miRNAs aberrantly expressed in HCC and discuss the potential application of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC and their potential roles in the intervention of HCC.
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23674
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Olfactory loss as a supporting feature in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: a pragmatic approach. J Neurol 2013; 260:2951-8. [PMID: 23377435 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-6848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence from a large number of clinical and pathological studies of an early involvement of olfactory bulbs and cortex in the Lewy body pathology in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD), the olfactory system being one of the first targets of degeneration in this condition. The olfactory dysfunction may be measurably present at the time of initial presentation and progresses in a proportion of patients as the disease advances. Patients with iPD have a more severe olfactory loss as compared to multisystem atrophy whereas the syndromes of corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy have no olfactory loss. A proportion of drug induced parkinsonism may have olfactory loss indicative of primary pathology of dopaminergic degeneration in these patients. Unlike single photon emission tomography, formal measurement of olfaction would provide a supportive role in diagnosing or excluding iPD depending on the duration of an individual patient's parkinsonian symptoms. Whilst olfaction may be only minimally impaired in early stages and may thus not help to differentiate from other syndromes, an intact olfaction in patients with parkinsonism of few years' duration would indicate a non-iPD pathology. Olfactory measurement is easy, cheap and now easily available in a number of tests, and olfactory assessment at different stages of parkinsonism should be used as a diagnostic aid for idiopathic PD and would enhance the diagnostic accuracy of iPD when used in conjunction with the UK Parkinson's disease society Brain Bank supportive criteria for diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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23675
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23676
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Vastano V, Capri U, Candela M, Siciliano RA, Russo L, Renda M, Sacco M. Identification of binding sites of Lactobacillus plantarum enolase involved in the interaction with human plasminogen. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23677
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Arzumanyan A, Reis HMGPV, Feitelson MA. Pathogenic mechanisms in HBV- and HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:123-35. [PMID: 23344543 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer, with increasing worldwide incidence, that is mainly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. There are few effective treatments partly because the cell- and molecular-based mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumour type are poorly understood. This Review outlines pathogenic mechanisms that seem to be common to both viruses and which suggest innovative approaches to the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology and Sbarro Health Research Organization, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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23678
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Caturegli P, De Remigis A, Chuang K, Dembele M, Iwama A, Iwama S. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: celebrating the centennial through the lens of the Johns Hopkins hospital surgical pathology records. Thyroid 2013; 23:142-50. [PMID: 23151083 PMCID: PMC3569966 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is now considered the most prevalent autoimmune disease, as well as the most common endocrine disorder. It was initially described in 1912, but only rarely reported until the early 1950s. To celebrate this centennial, we reviewed the surgical pathology archives of the Johns Hopkins hospital for cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, spanning the period from May 1889 to October 2012. Approximately 15,000 thyroidectomies were performed at this hospital over 124 years. The first surgical case was reported in 1942, 30 years after the original description. Then, 867 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were seen from 1942 to 2012, representing 6% of all thyroidectomies. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was the sole pathological finding in 462 cases; it accompanied other thyroid pathologies in the remaining 405 cases. The most commonly associated pathology was papillary thyroid cancer, an association that increased significantly during the last two decades. The most common indication for thyroidectomy was a thyroid nodule that was cytologically suspicious for malignancy. Hashimoto's thyroiditis remains a widespread, intriguing, and multifaceted disease of unknown etiology one century after its description. Advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis and preoperative diagnosis will improve recognition and treatment of this disorder, and may one day lead to its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alessandra De Remigis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marieme Dembele
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akiko Iwama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23679
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Cui G, Zhang L, Xu Y, Cianflone K, Ding H, Wang DW. Development of a high resolution melting method for genotyping of risk HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 alleles and ethnic distribution of these risk alleles. Gene 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23680
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Jindal A, Kumar M, Sarin SK. Management of acute hepatitis B and reactivation of hepatitis B. Liver Int 2013; 33 Suppl 1:164-75. [PMID: 23286861 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural course of hepatitis B virus infection and the resulting hepatic injury is determined by the degree of virus replication and the intensity of host immune response. Upon exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV), individuals with a vigorous and broad immune response develop acute self-limited infection, which may result in acute hepatitis. However, with stringent testing for HBV and universal precautions, acute HBV is rather rare. Reactivation of HBV most often presents as acute hepatitis B (AVH-B) and clinically, it is difficult to differentiate AVH-B from reactivation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and it requires a high index of suspicion. In the presence of high HBV DNA (>2 × 10(4) IU/ml) underlying liver disease should be investigated by liver biopsy, endoscopy and/or imaging. The degree of liver failure often depends on the severity of acute insult and the stage of underlying chronic liver disease. Mutations in the HBV genome, immunosuppressive therapy and viral or drug induced injury are common causes of reactivation. As most patients with AVH-B resolve the infection spontaneously, antiviral therapy is not indicated in them. However, the use of a potent oral nucleoside(tide) analogue is necessary as soon as possible in patients with CHB reactivation. Liver transplantation should be considered in patients who develop liver failure secondary to severe acute exacerbation. If this is not feasible, supportive therapy with the addition of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) therapy could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jindal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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23681
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Suzuki T. Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:631-59. [PMID: 22782113 PMCID: PMC11113843 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the body and external environment. It effectively provides a selective permeable barrier that limits the permeation of luminal noxious molecules, such as pathogens, toxins, and antigens, while allowing the appropriate absorption of nutrients and water. This selective permeable barrier is achieved by intercellular tight junction (TJ) structures, which regulate paracellular permeability. Disruption of the intestinal TJ barrier, followed by permeation of luminal noxious molecules, induces a perturbation of the mucosal immune system and inflammation, and can act as a trigger for the development of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this context, much effort has been taken to understand the roles of extracellular factors, including cytokines, pathogens, and food factors, for the regulation of the intestinal TJ barrier. Here, I discuss the regulation of the intestinal TJ barrier together with its implications for the pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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23682
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Brennan GP, Jimenez-Mateos EM, McKiernan RC, Engel T, Tzivion G, Henshall DC. Transgenic overexpression of 14-3-3 zeta protects hippocampus against endoplasmic reticulum stress and status epilepticus in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54491. [PMID: 23359526 PMCID: PMC3554740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that are abundantly expressed in the brain where they regulate cell functions including metabolism, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Brain levels of several 14-3-3 isoforms are altered in diseases of the nervous system, including epilepsy. The 14-3-3 zeta (ζ) isoform has been linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function in neurons, with reduced levels provoking ER stress and increasing vulnerability to excitotoxic injury. Here we report that transgenic overexpression of 14-3-3ζ in mice results in selective changes to the unfolded protein response pathway in the hippocampus, including down-regulation of glucose-regulated proteins 78 and 94, activating transcription factors 4 and 6, and Xbp1 splicing. No differences were found between wild-type mice and transgenic mice for levels of other 14-3-3 isoforms or various other 14-3-3 binding proteins. 14-3-3ζ overexpressing mice were potently protected against cell death caused by intracerebroventricular injection of the ER stressor tunicamycin. 14-3-3ζ overexpressing mice were also potently protected against neuronal death caused by prolonged seizures. These studies demonstrate that increased 14-3-3ζ levels protect against ER stress and seizure-damage despite down-regulation of the unfolded protein response. Delivery of 14-3-3ζ may protect against pathologic changes resulting from prolonged or repeated seizures or where injuries provoke ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Brennan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M. Jimenez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross C. McKiernan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guri Tzivion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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23683
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Meng X, Cai C, Wu J, Cai S, Ye C, Chen H, Yang Z, Zeng H, Shen Q, Zou F. TRPM7 mediates breast cancer cell migration and invasion through the MAPK pathway. Cancer Lett 2013; 333:96-102. [PMID: 23353055 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is an inherent feature of breast cancer and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were found to be potentially implicated in this process. Particularly, TRPM7 may regulate cell motility. We therefore examined the expression of TRPM7 mRNA in the Oncomine database and found that TRPM7 is correlated to metastasis and invasive breast cancer. Silencing TRPM7 with RNA interference resulted in a significant decrease in migration and invasion capability of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells, and phosphorylation levels of Src and MAPK but not AKT. Our results suggest that TRPM7 regulates migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells via MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23684
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23685
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Bansal M, Sengupta PP. Longitudinal and Circumferential Strain in Patients with Regional LV Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2013; 15:339. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-012-0339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23686
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Lee DH, Cho Y, Seo JY, Kwon JH, Cho EJ, Jang ES, Kwak MS, Cheong JY, Cho SW, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Lee HS, Kim CY, Shin HD, Kim YJ. Polymorphisms near interleukin 28B gene are not associated with hepatitis B virus clearance, hepatitis B e antigen clearance and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence. Intervirology 2013; 56:84-90. [PMID: 23343781 DOI: 10.1159/000342526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms near the IL28B gene have been proposed to be strongly associated with treatment response and the rate of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus infection, and treatment response of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these polymorphisms could affect natural courses of HBV infection. METHODS Genetic variations were identified through direct DNA sequencing using TaqMan assay in 1,439 patients with past or present HBV infection. Subjects included 404 spontaneously recovered patients, 313 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 305 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 417 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Three polymorphisms near the IL28B gene, rs8099917T>G, rs12979860C>T and rs12980275A>G, were identified. Associations between these polymorphisms and HBV clearance, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance as well as HCC occurrence among patients were analyzed using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS There were no significant associations between these polymorphisms and the HBV clearance both in CHB and LC groups. Similarly, these polymorphisms showed no significant associations with HBeAg clearance and the occurrence of HCC either. DISCUSSION No significant association was identified between polymorphisms near the IL28B gene and the natural courses of chronic HBV infection, including the HBV clearance and HCC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23687
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Xibing G, Xiaojuan Y, Juanhua W, Zhong H. Relationship between HBV genotypes B, C and follicular helper T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B and its significance. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e6221. [PMID: 23585765 PMCID: PMC3622133 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations have shown that patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C versus genotype B had a higher load of the virus, more serious illness, and poorer responses to antiviral therapy and prognosis. However, the disparity between the two has not been clarified. OBJECTIVES To explore possible relationship between HBV genotypes B and C and peripheral blood follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and its significance in treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty CHB patients were enrolled into this study, including 70 cases infected with HBV genotype C and 79 cases with genotype B. One patient had suffered from both genotypes B and C. The levels of Tfh, also known as interleukin-21 (IL-21), HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), HBV DNA and alanine transaminase (ALT) were evaluated and compared in patients infected with genotype B and C. RESULTS Levels of Tfh, IL-21 and HBV specific CTL of patients infected with HBV genotype C were significantly lower than those of patients infected with HBV genotype B, P < 0.01. Levels of HBV DNA and ALT of patients infected with genotype C were significantly higher than those of the patients infected with HBV genotype B, P < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Compared with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients infected with genotype B, higher levels of serum HBV DNA, ALT and TBil of patients infected with HBV genotype C may be related to their lower level of peripheral blood Tfh, which may result in lower IL-21, and it may result in lower HBV specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Xibing
- Department of Hepatology, Wuxi Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Wuxi, China
- Corresponding author: Gu Xibing, Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infection Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214005, China. Tel.: +86-13812051392, Fax: +86-51068918000, E-mail:
| | - Yang Xiaojuan
- Department of Hepatology, Wuxi Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Wang Juanhua
- Department of Hepatology, Wuxi Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Hepatology, Wuxi Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Wuxi, China
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23688
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Zhou K, Jin H, Zhou T, Luo Y. BAG-1 expression in human meningioma and correlation with clinical characteristics. Med Oncol 2013; 30:458. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23689
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Sakai N, Chun J, Duffield JS, Wada T, Luster AD, Tager AM. LPA1-induced cytoskeleton reorganization drives fibrosis through CTGF-dependent fibroblast proliferation. FASEB J 2013; 27:1830-46. [PMID: 23322166 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-219378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been much recent interest in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through one of its receptors, LPA1, in fibrotic diseases, but the mechanisms by which LPA-LPA1 signaling promotes pathological fibrosis remain to be fully elucidated. Using a mouse peritoneal fibrosis model, we demonstrate central roles for LPA and LPA1 in fibroblast proliferation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological antagonism of LPA1 protected mice from peritoneal fibrosis, blunting the increases in peritoneal collagen by 65.4 and 52.9%, respectively, compared to control animals and demonstrated that peritoneal fibroblast proliferation was highly LPA1 dependent. Activation of LPA1 on mesothelial cells induced these cells to express connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), driving fibroblast proliferation in a paracrine fashion. Activation of mesothelial cell LPA1 induced CTGF expression by inducing cytoskeleton reorganization in these cells, causing nuclear translocation of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A and MRTF-B. Pharmacological inhibition of MRTF-induced transcription also diminished CTGF expression and fibrosis in the peritoneal fibrosis model, mitigating the increase in peritoneal collagen content by 57.9% compared to controls. LPA1-induced cytoskeleton reorganization therefore makes a previously unrecognized but critically important contribution to the profibrotic activities of LPA by driving MRTF-dependent CTGF expression, which, in turn, drives fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sakai
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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23690
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Species-Dependent Functionality of the Human Cytolytic Fusion Proteins Granzyme B-H22(scFv) and H22(scFv)-Angiogenin in Macrophages. Antibodies (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/antib2010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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23691
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Schwab A, Fabian A, Hanley PJ, Stock C. Role of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1865-913. [PMID: 23073633 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is central to tissue homeostasis in health and disease, and there is hardly any cell in the body that is not motile at a given point in its life cycle. Important physiological processes intimately related to the ability of the respective cells to migrate include embryogenesis, immune defense, angiogenesis, and wound healing. On the other side, migration is associated with life-threatening pathologies such as tumor metastases and atherosclerosis. Research from the last ≈ 15 years revealed that ion channels and transporters are indispensable components of the cellular migration apparatus. After presenting general principles by which transport proteins affect cell migration, we will discuss systematically the role of channels and transporters involved in cell migration.
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23692
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23693
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Altered depth of the olfactory sulcus in first-episode schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:167-72. [PMID: 23063493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A shallow olfactory sulcus has been reported in chronic schizophrenia, possibly reflecting abnormal forebrain development during early gestation. However, it remains unclear whether this abnormality exists at the early illness stage and/or develops progressively over the course of the illness. This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study investigated the length and depth of the olfactory sulcus in 64 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 64 controls, of whom longitudinal MRI data (mean inter-scan interval=2.6 years) were available for 20 patients and 21 controls. In the cross-sectional comparison at the baseline, the schizophrenia patients had a significantly shallower olfactory sulcus compared with the controls bilaterally, but there was no group difference in its anterior-posterior length. A longitudinal comparison demonstrated that the sulcus length and depth did not change over time in either group. The olfactory sulcus measures of the patients did not significantly correlate with clinical variables such as onset age, medication or symptom severity. These findings suggest that the olfactory sulcus depth, but not length, may be a static vulnerability marker of schizophrenia that reflects early neurodevelopmental abnormality.
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23694
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Marchetti B, Pluchino S. Wnt your brain be inflamed? Yes, it Wnt! Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:144-56. [PMID: 23312954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The roles of Wnts in neural development, synaptogenesis, and cancer are generally well characterized. Nonetheless, evidence exists that interactions between the immune and nervous systems control major brain regenerative processes ranging from physiological or pathological (reparative) regeneration to neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies describe deregulated Wnt-Fzd signaling in degenerative and inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and the expression of Wnt signaling components in the immune system, and in immune-like cells of the mammalian CNS. This would suggest a likely involvement of Wnts in inflammation-driven brain damage and inflammation-directed brain repair. Here, we review how Wnts modulate neuroimmune interactions and offer a perspective on the most challenging therapeutic opportunities for those CNS diseases where injury-reactive Wnt-flavored inflammation precedes secondary neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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23695
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Lun Y, Wu X, Xia Q, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wang F, Duan Z, Xin S, Zhang J. Hashimoto's thyroiditis as a risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer may improve cancer prognosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:396-402. [PMID: 23300224 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812472426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has been associated with an elevated risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). To investigate the possible influence of HT on the prognosis of PTC patients, we assessed the related clinical factors linking these conditions, especially serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING The First Hospital of China Medical University. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The demographic and histological characteristics of 2478 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at our center from 2004 to 2012 were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with patients with benign thyroid nodular disease, patients with PTC showed a significantly higher prevalence of HT (18.8% vs 7.2%, P < .001), mean TSH concentrations (2.02 ± 1.76 vs 1.46 ± 1.21 mIU/L, P < .001), and positivity rates for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAB; 40.0% vs 20.4%, P < .001) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (24.8% vs 12.5%, P < .001). These differences remained after excluding all HT patients. The TSH concentrations were significantly higher in PTC patients with HT than in those without HT (2.54 ± 2.06 vs 1.90 ± 1.66 mIU/L, P = .001). Patients with PTC and HT were younger, with a female predominance, and had smaller sized tumors with less advanced TNM stage compared with those without HT, indicating a better prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that HT, higher TSH concentration, male sex, and TGAB positivity were independent risk factors for PTC development. CONCLUSION Histologically confirmed HT is associated with a significantly higher risk of PTC, due primarily to the higher serum TSH concentrations resulting from the tendency to hypothyroidism in HT. Autoimmunity is another independent risk factor for PTC but may be associated with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23696
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Teles A, Zenclussen AC, Schumacher A. Regulatory T cells are baby's best friends. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:331-9. [PMID: 23289369 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are one of the most and best studied immune cell population during human and murine pregnancy, and there is a general consent about their expansion during pregnancy. However, the identification of new and more reliable Treg markers during the last years resulted in some controversies about the kinetics of various Treg subsets at different pregnancy stages. No doubt exists regarding the importance of Treg for a normal pregnancy as pregnancy complications like spontaneous abortion and preeclampsia could be associated with a reduced Treg number and activity. In future, more attention should be paid to bring established data from the bench to the bedside to force the development of adequate therapies for treatment of pregnancy complications. In this article, we summarize previous and recent data on several aspects of Treg biology during human and murine pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teles
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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23697
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Cherniack EP. Use of complementary and alternative medicine to treat constipation in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13:533-8. [PMID: 23294466 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many modalities of complementary and alternative medicine, such as probiotic bacteria, traditional herbal medicines, biofeedback and massage, have been used to treat constipation in older adults. Virtually all studies in the published literature have been plagued with methodological problems, such as lack of blinding. Chinese herbal medications have been the most frequent subject of studies in controlled trials, but have suffered from methodological insufficiencies, and few have been published in publications other than Chinese language journals. Several therapies, such as yogurt containing probiotic bacteria and massage, are relatively easy to use by the patient, and are likely to cause few adverse reactions. Therefore, complementary and alternative therapies might show the greatest promise for being adopted as adjunctive therapies to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paul Cherniack
- Geriatrics Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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23698
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Gold JD, Wu JC. Returns of the living dead: therapeutic action of irradiated and mitotically inactivated embryonic stem cells. Circ Res 2013; 111:1250-2. [PMID: 23104873 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.279398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23699
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Targeting Ca2+transport in cancer: close reality or long perspective? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:225-41. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.741594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23700
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Abstract
UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, with PHD and RING finger domains 1) is a critical epigenetic player involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication. Dysregulation of the UHRF1 level is implicated in cancer onset, metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Previous studies demonstrated that UHRF1 can be stabilized through USP7-mediated deubiquitylation, but the mechanism through which UHRF1 is ubiquitylated is still unknown. Here we show that proteasomal degradation of UHRF1 is mediated by the SCF(β-TrCP) E3 ligase. Through bioinformatic and mutagenesis studies, we identified a functional DSG degron in the UHRF1 N terminus that is necessary for UHRF1 stability regulation. We further show that UHRF1 physically interacts with β-TrCP1 in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of serine 108 (S108(UHRF1)) within the DSG degron. Furthermore, we demonstrate that S108(UHRF1) phosphorylation is catalyzed by casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) and is important for the recognition of UHRF1 by SCF(β-TrCP). Importantly, we demonstrate that UHRF1 degradation is accelerated in response to DNA damage, coincident with enhanced S108(UHRF1) phosphorylation. Taken together, our data identify SCF(β-TrCP) as a bona fide UHRF1 E3 ligase important for regulating UHRF1 steady-state levels both under normal conditions and in response to DNA damage.
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