23801
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Uppal SS, Naveed AK, Baig S, Chaudhry B. Expression of REG Iα gene in type 2 diabetics in Pakistan. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:96. [PMID: 26568772 PMCID: PMC4643495 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating rate of diabetes' has prompted researchers around the world to explore for early markers. A deficit of functional β-cell mass plays a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The REG (Regenerating) gene, encoding a 166 amino acid REG protein was discovered in rats and humans which is released in response to β-cells damage and play a role in their regeneration. The objective of this study was to characterize serum levels of REG Iα proteins in type 2 diabetic patients as indicator of β-cell apoptosis as well as regeneration. METHODS Unrelated type 2 diabetic patients (n = 55) of different age groups and disease duration were recruited from the Medical OPD of PNS Shifa Hospital. Age and sex matched non diabetic controls (n = 20) without family history of diabetes were selected from the same setting. Demographical details were recorded on a structured questionnaire. Biochemical parameters like FBG, HbA1c, TC and TG levels were measured. Serum levels of REG Iα protein were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Levels of REG Iα protein were found significantly raised in type 2 diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 001). Patients with short duration of the disease had higher levels of REG Iα as compared to patients with longer duration of the disease. Although the patients were on anti hyperglycemic agents, a positive correlation was found between REG Iα serum levels, FBG and HbA1c levels. Patients with higher BMI had higher levels of serum REG Iα levels. Serum TC, TG and Hb levels showed no correlation. CONCLUSION REG Iα may be used as a marker/predictor of type 2 diabetes especially in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saleem Uppal
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- />Department of Biochemistry, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Baig
- />Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Chaudhry
- />Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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23802
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is one pretty troublesome entity which very commonly aggravates metabolic syndrome. Many methods and indices are available for the estimation of insulin resistance. It is essential to test and validate their reliability before they can be used as an investigation in patients. At present, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and intravenous glucose tolerance test are the most reliable methods available for estimating insulin resistance and are being used as a reference standard. Some simple methods, from which indices can be derived, have been validated e.g. homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). For the clinical uses HOMA-insulin resistance, QUIKI, and Matsuda are suitable, while HES, McAuley, Belfiore, Cederholm, Avignon and Stumvoll index are suitable for epidemiological/research purposes. With increasing number of these available indices of IR, it may be difficult for clinicians to select the most appropriate index for their studies. This review provides guidelines that must be considered before performing such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Gutch
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukriti Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, SGPGI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Mohd Razi
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar Keshav Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23803
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Jiao L, Xiujuan S, Juan W, Song J, Lei X, Guotong X, Lixia L. Comprehensive experiment-clinical biochemistry: determination of blood glucose and triglycerides in normal and diabetic rats. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 43:47-51. [PMID: 25521692 PMCID: PMC4314698 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For second year medical students, we redesigned an original laboratory experiment and developed a combined research-teaching clinical biochemistry experiment. Using an established diabetic rat model to detect blood glucose and triglycerides, the students participate in the entire experimental process, which is not normally experienced during a standard clinical biochemistry exercise. The students are not only exposed to techniques and equipment but are also inspired to think more about the biochemical mechanisms of diseases. When linked with lecture topics about the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, the students obtain a better understanding of the relevance of abnormal metabolism in relation to diseases. Such understanding provides a solid foundation for the medical students' future research and for other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiao
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Shi Xiujuan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Wang Juan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jia Song
- Teaching Laboratory Center of Medicine and Life Science, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xu Guotong
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lu Lixia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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23804
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Ametov AS, Kamynina LL, Akhmedova ZG. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical aspects of genetics, nutrigenetics, and pharmacogenetics. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2015878124-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23805
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Kim SY, Jee SH. Consumption of Added Sugars and Lipid Profiles in Korean Population from a Cohort Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2015.4.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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23806
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Fu M, Li Z, Tan T, Guo W, Xie N, Liu Q, Zhu H, Xie X, Lei H. Akt/eNOS signaling pathway mediates inhibition of endothelial progenitor cells by palmitate-induced ceramide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H11-7. [PMID: 25380816 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00503.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Palmitate (PA) impairs endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the suppressive function of PA remains largely unknown. Ceramide, a free fatty acid metabolite, mediates multiple cellular signals. We hypothesized that ceramide acts as an intermediate molecule to mediate inhibition of EPCs by PA. We first demonstrated that PA could inhibit the attachment, migration, and tube formation of EPCs through suppression of the Akt/endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway. In addition, we observed that PA could induce ceramide accumulation in EPCs. To test whether the accumulation of ceramide causes EPC dysfunction, the ceramide synthesis inhibitors myriocin and fumonisin B1 were used. We that found both inhibitors could effectively abolish PA-mediated EPC inhibition. Furthermore, the ceramide deacylation inhibitor N-oleoylethanolamine could augment the inhibitory effect of PA on EPCs, indicating that it is ceramide, not its metabolites, that mediates the suppression of EPCs by PA. We have previously shown that Akt/eNOS phosphorylation was reduced after PA treatment, which, in turn, hampered the normal bioavailability of NO, leading to impaired functions of EPCs. To test the role for ceramide in this process, a clinically used NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, was used. We found that sodium nitroprusside could rescue the suppressive effects of ceramide on EPCs, suggesting that ceramide-mediated EPC inhibition might be through reduction of NO production. Taken together, our findings indicated that ceramide-induced reduction of NO might be the molecular mechanism for PA-mediated EPC inhibition; thus, targeting either ceramide or NO production might be an effective means for improvement of EPC functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Division of General Surgery, Chenzhou First People′s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Weixin Guo
- Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical sciences, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Nanzi Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital and Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital and Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23807
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White V, Jawerbaum A, Mazzucco MB, Gauster M, Desoye G, Hiden U. Diabetes-associated changes in the fetal insulin/insulin-like growth factor system are organ specific in rats. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:48-55. [PMID: 25268143 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes in pregnancy affects fetal growth and development. The insulin/insulin-like growth factors (IGF) system comprising insulin, IGF, their receptors, and binding proteins, has been implicated in fetal growth regulation. This study tested the hypothesis that maternal diabetes alters the fetal insulin/IGF system in a tissue-specific manner. METHODS Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by neonatal administration of streptozotocin and mated with control rats. At day 21 of gestation, the weights of fetuses, placentas, and fetal organs (heart, lung, liver, stomach, intestine, and pancreas) were determined. Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF1, and IGF2 were measured by ELISA, and expression of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R, IR, IGFBP1, BP2, and BP3 in placenta and fetal organs by qPCR. RESULTS The well-known increase in fetal growth in this model of mild diabetes is accompanied by elevated insulin and IGF1 levels and alterations of the insulin/IGF system in the fetus and the placenta. These alterations were organ and gene specific. The insulin/IGF system was generally upregulated, especially in the fetal heart, while it was downregulated in fetal lung. CONCLUSION In our model of mild diabetes, the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal weight and fetal insulin/IGF system expression is organ specific with highly sensitive organs such as lung and heart, and organs that were less affected, such as stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies, CEFyBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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23808
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Yi M, Chen RP, Yang R, Guo XF, Zhang JC, Chen H. Betatrophin Acts as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Is Negatively Associated with HDL-Cholesterol. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:479157. [PMID: 26819617 PMCID: PMC4706922 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. By assessing its circulating concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, we aimed to explore the associations of betatrophin with various metabolic parameters and evaluate its diagnostic value in T2DM. Methods. A total of 58 non-diabetes-mellitus (NDM) subjects and 73 age- and sex-matched newly diagnosed T2DM patients were enrolled. Correlation analyses between circulating betatrophin levels and multiple metabolic parameters were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of betatrophin concentration in T2DM. Results. Circulating betatrophin levels were approximately 1.8 times higher in T2DM patients than in NDM individuals (median 747.12 versus 407.41 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that betatrophin was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in all subjects. ROC curve analysis identified betatrophin as a potent diagnostic biomarker for T2DM. The optimal cut-off point of betatrophin concentration for predicting T2DM was 501.23 pg/mL. Conclusions. Serum betatrophin levels were markedly increased in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and further elevated in obese T2DM subjects. Betatrophin was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels. Our findings indicate that betatrophin could be a potent diagnostic biomarker for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Rong-ping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xian-feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia-chun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- *Hong Chen:
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23809
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Brown RE, Kuk JL. Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil's advocate position. Obes Rev 2015; 16:77-87. [PMID: 25410935 PMCID: PMC4312481 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple negative health consequences and current weight management guidelines recommend all obese persons to lose weight. However, recent evidence suggests that not all obese persons are negatively affected by their weight and that weight loss does not necessarily always improve health. The purpose of this review is not to trivialize the significant health risks associated with obesity, but to discuss subpopulations of obese people who are not adversely affected, or may even benefit from higher adiposity, and in who weight loss per se may not always be the most appropriate recommendation. More specifically, this review will take a devil's advocate position when discussing the consequences of obesity and weight loss for adults with established cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, weight cyclers, metabolically healthy obese adults, youth, older adults and obese individuals who are highly fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Brown
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23810
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Melnik BC. The pathogenic role of persistent milk signaling in mTORC1- and milk-microRNA-driven type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2015; 11:46-62. [PMID: 25587719 PMCID: PMC4428476 DOI: 10.2174/1573399811666150114100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Milk, the secretory product of the lactation genome, promotes growth of the newborn mammal. Milk delivers insulinotropic amino acids, thus maintains a molecular crosstalk with the pancreatic β-cell of the milk recipient. Homeostasis of β-cells and insulin production depend on the appropriate magnitude of mTORC1 signaling. mTORC1 is activated by branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine, and palmitic acid, abundant nutrient signals of cow´s milk. Furthermore, milk delivers bioactive exosomal microRNAs. After milk consumption, bovine microRNA-29b, a member of the diabetogenic microRNA-29- family, reaches the systemic circulation and the cells of the milk consumer. MicroRNA-29b downregulates branchedchain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase, a potential explanation for increased BCAA serum levels, the metabolic signature of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In non-obese diabetic mice, microRNA-29b downregulates the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, which leads to early β-cell death. In all mammals except Neolithic humans, milk-driven mTORC1 signaling is physiologically restricted to the postnatal period. In contrast, chronic hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling has been associated with the development of age-related diseases of civilization including T2DM. Notably, chronic hyperactivation of mTORC1 enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress that promotes apoptosis. In fact, hyperactivated β-cell mTORC1 signaling induced early β-cell apoptosis in a mouse model. The EPIC-InterAct Study demonstrated an association between milk consumption and T2DM in France, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, and Sweden. In contrast, fermented milk products and cheese exhibit an inverse correlation. Since the early 1950´s, refrigeration technology allowed widespread consumption of fresh pasteurized milk, which facilitates daily intake of bioactive bovine microRNAs. Persistent uptake of cow´s milk-derived microRNAs apparently transfers an overlooked epigenetic diabetogenic program that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabruck, Sedanstraße 115, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany.
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23811
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Peterson RG, Jackson CV, Zimmerman K, de Winter W, Huebert N, Hansen MK. Characterization of the ZDSD Rat: A Translational Model for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:487816. [PMID: 25961053 PMCID: PMC4415477 DOI: 10.1155/2015/487816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and T2D produce significant health and economic issues. Many available animal models have monogenic leptin pathway mutations that are absent in the human population. Development of the ZDSD rat model was undertaken to produce a model that expresses polygenic obesity and diabetes with an intact leptin pathway. A lean ZDF rat with the propensity for beta-cell failure was crossed with a polygenetically obese Crl:CD (SD) rat. Offspring were selectively inbred for obesity and diabetes for >30 generations. In the current study, ZDSD rats were followed for 6 months; routine clinical metabolic endpoints were included throughout the study. In the prediabetic metabolic syndrome phase, ZDSD rats exhibited obesity with increased body fat, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and elevated HbA1c. As disease progressed to overt diabetes, ZDSD rats demonstrated elevated glucose levels, abnormal oral glucose tolerance, increases in HbA1c levels, reductions in body weight, increased insulin resistance with decreasing insulin levels, and dyslipidemia. The ZDSD rat develops prediabetic metabolic syndrome and T2D in a manner that mirrors the development of metabolic syndrome and T2D in humans. ZDSD rats will provide a novel, translational animal model for the study of human metabolic diseases and for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Peterson
- PreClinOmics, Inc., 7918 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
- *Richard G. Peterson:
| | | | - Karen Zimmerman
- PreClinOmics, Inc., 7918 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Willem de Winter
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Norman Huebert
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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23812
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Lee BS. Glucose Homeostasis Disorders in Premature Infants. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2015.22.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byong Sop Lee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23813
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Rodrigues KF, Pietrani NT, Sandrim VC, Vieira CMAF, Fernandes AP, Bosco AA, Gomes KB. Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:605965. [PMID: 26064986 PMCID: PMC4438177 DOI: 10.1155/2015/605965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis and its complications. METHODS We investigated in 102 T2D patients the association of the cytokine polymorphisms in the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IFN-γ genes with the T2D microvascular complications and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity). Cytokine genotypes were determined by PCR using Cytokine Genotyping Tray kit. RESULTS Diabetic retinopathy was associated with GG genotype and G allele in TGF-β1 codon 25C/G polymorphism (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018) and the nephropathy was associated the lower frequency of GG genotype in IL-10 -1082G/A polymorphism (p = 0.049). Hypertension was associated with the CC genotype and C allele for IL-10 -592C/A polymorphism (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009) and higher frequencies of T (p = 0.047) and C (p = 0.033) alleles of the TGF-β1 codon 10T/C and IL-10 -819T/C polymorphisms, respectively. The TGF-β1 codon 10T/C polymorphism was associated with the BMI groups (p = 0.026): the CC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI < 25 Kg/m(2), while the TC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI = 30 Kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TGF-β1 and IL-10 polymorphisms are involved in complications and comorbidities in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. F. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - N. T. Pietrani
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - V. C. Sandrim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - C. M. A. F. Vieira
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A. P. Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, No. 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A. A. Bosco
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - K. B. Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, No. 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- *K. B. Gomes:
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23814
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Maiese K. FoxO Transcription Factors and Regenerative Pathways in Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:404-13. [PMID: 26256004 PMCID: PMC4567483 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150807112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxO) are exciting targets under consideration for the development of new clinical entities to treat metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM, a disorder that currently affects greater than 350 million individuals globally, can become a devastating disease that leads to cellular injury through oxidative stress pathways and affects multiple systems of the body. FoxO proteins can regulate insulin signaling, gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, immune cell migration, and cell senescence. FoxO proteins also control cell fate through oxidative stress and pathways of autophagy and apoptosis that either lead to tissue regeneration or cell demise. Furthermore, FoxO signaling can be dependent upon signal transduction pathways that include silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), Wnt, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1). Cellular metabolic pathways driven by FoxO proteins are complex, can lead to variable clinical outcomes, and require in-depth analysis of the epigenetic and post-translation protein modifications that drive FoxO protein activation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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23815
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Aziz KMA. Fasting during Ramadan: efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of vildagliptin in diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:207-11. [PMID: 25931826 PMCID: PMC4404947 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s54683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes management during Ramadan fasting is challenging to the physician in terms of minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. As compared to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and sulfonylureas (SUs), which carry a higher and significant risk of hypoglycemia, newer antidiabetic agents such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have demonstrated lower risk of hypoglycemia during Ramadan fasting, with better patient compliance. In addition to diabetes education and pre-Ramadan assessments, the physician should also consider use of DPP-4 inhibitors (such as vildagliptin) during Ramadan fasting to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects. Severe episodes of hypoglycemia have been demonstrated in recent research and clinical trials with OHAs/SUs. Conversely, these research observations have also demonstrated comparative safety and efficacy with lower risk of hypoglycemia associated with vildagliptin. Current research review has collected evidence-based clinical trials and observations for the drug vildagliptin to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia during Ramadan fasting, while at the same time focusing the role of diabetes self-management education (DSME), pre-Ramadan assessments, and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran MA Aziz
- Aseer Diabetes Center, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Kamran MA Aziz, Aseer Diabetes Center, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, PO Box 34, Abha, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 5 6836 1040, Email
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23816
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Inhibitory Effects of 4-(4-Methylbenzamino)benzoate on Adipocyte Differentiation. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/171570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent suppression of adipocyte differentiation by 4-(4-methylbenzamino)benzoate was discovered during the search for new antiobesity compounds. 4-(4-methylbenzamino)benzoate was observed to suppress adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by 96.8% at 50 μM without cytotoxicity. In addition, 4-(4-methylbenzamino)benzoate reduced the cellular expression of fatty acid synthase in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as suppressing PPAR-gamma activity, which controls fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. Based on these results, 4-(4-methylbenzamino)benzoate shows potential as an antiobesity material.
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23817
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Tang YZ, Wang G, Jiang ZH, Yan TT, Chen YJ, Yang M, Meng LL, Zhu YJ, Li CG, Li Z, Yu P, Ni CL. Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and linagliptin as add-on therapy in Chinese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with dual combination of insulin and traditional oral hypoglycemic agent. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:91. [PMID: 26500706 PMCID: PMC4616160 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the three dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and linagliptin) as add-on therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)inadequately controlled on dual combination of insulin and metformin or acarbose. METHODS A total of 535 T2DM patients who failed to achieve glycemic control with insulin and a traditional oral hypoglycemic agent were randomized to receive vildagliptin, sitagliptin, or linagliptin. Body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (FPG and PPG), insulin dose, and adverse events were evaluated during the study. RESULTS The baseline HbA1c was 9.59 ± 1.84 % (vildagliptin group), 9.22 ± 1.60 % (sitagliptin group), and 9.58 ± 1.80 % (linagliptin group). At week 12 it was 8.16 ± 1.29 % (vildagliptin), 8.56 ± 1.96 % (linagliptin), and 8.26 ± 1.10 % (sitagliptin). The changes in HbA1c from baseline were -1.33 ± 0.11 % (vildagliptin), -0.84 ± 0.08 % (sitagliptin) and -0.81 ± 0.08 % (linagliptin), the vildagliptin group had the greatest reduction in HbA1c (P < 0.05). The proportions of patients that reached target HbA1c were 66.27 % (vildagliptin), 52.73 % (sitagliptin), and 55.49 % (linagliptin), the vildagliptin group had the highest one (P < 0.05). The baseline FPG and PPG values in the three groups were at the same level. At week 12, mean FPG levels in the vildagliptin (7.31 ± 1.50 mmol/L) and linagliptin (6.90 ± 1.55 mmol/L) groups were significantly lower than in the sitagliptin group (8.02 ± 4.48 mmol/L; P < 0.05); the linagliptin group had the lowest mean PPG followed by the vildagliptin group which was also significant lower (P = 0.000) than the sitagliptin group. Additionally, the required insulin dosage in the vildagliptin group was the lowest among the groups at weeks 6 and 12. Only mild AEs were reported during the study. CONCLUSION The three DPP-4 inhibitors appear to be effective and safe as add-on therapy for T2DM patients on dual combination of insulin and a traditional OHA. Vildagliptin was more effective in decreasing insulin requirement and achieving glycemic control when compared to the other two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Zhen-Huan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Tian-Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ling-Ling Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Yan-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Chen-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Chang-Lin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tongan Road 66, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070 China
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23818
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Ichimura M, Minami A, Nakano N, Kitagishi Y, Murai T, Matsuda S. Cigarette smoke may be an exacerbation factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2015.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23819
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Brunetti L, DeSantis EH. Patient tolerance and acceptance of colesevelam hydrochloride: focus on type-2 diabetes mellitus. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2015; 40:62-67. [PMID: 25628509 PMCID: PMC4296594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with a U.S. prevalence of 25.8 million, and 90-95% of all cases are type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the known mortality and morbidity associated with T2DM, the majority of patients do not achieve their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) goals. Nonadherence is one of the contributing factors to the lackluster attainment of treatment goals. Drug tolerability may impact medication nonadherence; therefore, strategies to improve tolerability are important. Colesevelam, a second-generation bile acid resin, was designed with greater specificity and affinity for bile acids. Its physiochemical attributes contribute to an improved tolerability profile. Colesevelam has demonstrated efficacy in lowering HbA1c in addition to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, although clinical outcomes data are lacking. Several mechanisms of colesevelam's effect in T2DM have been proposed, including effects on insulin sensitivity and secretion, incretin effects, changes in bile acid composition, and splanchnic sequestration of mealtime glucose. Colesevelam is associated with reductions in HbA1c in T2DM patients ranging from 0.32 to 1.1 percentage points. Colesevelam is generally well tolerated, and indirect comparisons with cholestyramine suggest that it is associated with fewer gastrointestinal symptoms. Reported adherence and persistence to colesevelam treatment in observational studies are 33.3% and 49%, respectively.
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23820
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Padda RS, Shi Y, Lo CS, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Angiotensin-(1-7): A Novel Peptide to Treat Hypertension and Nephropathy in Diabetes? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26793405 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in mammalian homeostasis physiology. The RAS can be delineated into a classical RAS (the pressor arm) including angiotensinogen (Agt), renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and a counterbalancing novel RAS (the depressor arm) including Agt, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang 1-7) and Ang 1-7 receptor (or Mas receptor (MasR)). Hyperglycemia (diabetes) induces severe tissue oxidative stress, which stimulates the pressor arm of the renal RAS axis and leads to an increase in ACE/ACE-2 ratio, with excessive formation of Ang II. There is a growing body of evidence for beneficial effects of the depressor arm of RAS (ACE-2/Ang 1-7/MasR) axis in diabetes, hypertension and several other diseased conditions. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies reflects anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Ang 1-7. Most of the currently available therapies only target suppression of the pressor arm of RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (ACEi). However, it is time to consider simultaneous activation of the depressor arm for more effective outcomes. This review summarizes the recent updates on the protective role of Ang 1-7 in hypertension and kidney injury in diabetes, as well as the possible underlying mechanism(s) of Ang 1-7 action, suggesting that the ACE-2/Ang 1-7/MasR axis can be developed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes-induced hypertension and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Padda
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Yixuan Shi
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - John S D Chan
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9
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23821
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Shaklai S, Shefer G, Stern N. Glucose-dependent Foxo1 switch in healing wounds: a shred of hope for diabetic ulcers? Diabetes 2015; 64:6-8. [PMID: 25538280 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Shaklai
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23822
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Steeves JA, Murphy RA, Crainiceanu CM, Zipunnikov V, Van Domelen DR, Harris TB. Daily Patterns of Physical Activity by Type 2 Diabetes Definition: Comparing Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Participants with Normal Glucose Levels in NHANES 2003-2006. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:152-157. [PMID: 25909051 PMCID: PMC4402932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes is associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but detailed objective information about how PA patterns vary by diabetes definition is lacking. Methods PA was measured with ActiGraph accelerometers in older (60 +) adults from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 1,043) and analyzed in 2014. Diabetes definition (normal glucose levels, prediabetes, and diabetes) was assessed (fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and self-report). Accelerometer data were used to characterize total activity counts (TAC) per day and hour-by-hour activity counts by diabetes definition. Multiple linear regression models explored the relationship between diabetes definition and TAC. Results Despite similar patterns of PA, diabetes participants had significantly lower TAC compared to participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes. Diabetes participants' activity counts per hour declined more rapidly after 12 p.m., with the biggest differences between the groups occurring at 4:00 p.m. Participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes had similar TAC and daily PA profiles. Conclusion Our novel methodology provides information about PA patterns by diabetes definition. Significantly lower TAC in the diabetes group, their significant drop in afternoon PA, and the similarity of PA between participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes provide insight into potential targets for intervention. Daily patterning of physical activity was similar regardless of diabetes definition. Diabetes participants had significantly less objectively measured physical activity. Those with normal glucose levels and prediabetes had similar activity levels. Diabetes participant's physical activity dropped significantly more in the afternoon. Timing of activity differences can inform interventions to increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Steeves
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ciprian M Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dane R Van Domelen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23823
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Gillberg L, Ling C. The potential use of DNA methylation biomarkers to identify risk and progression of type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:43. [PMID: 25870586 PMCID: PMC4378313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a slowly progressive disease that can be postponed or even avoided through lifestyle changes. Recent data demonstrate highly significant correlations between DNA methylation and the most important risk factors of T2D, including age and body mass index, in blood and human tissues relevant to insulin resistance and T2D. Also, T2D patients and individuals with increased risk of the disease display differential DNA methylation profiles and plasticity compared to controls. Accordingly, the novel clues to DNA methylation fingerprints in blood and tissues with deteriorated metabolic capacity indicate that blood-borne epigenetic biomarkers of T2D progression might become a reality. This Review will address the most recent associations between DNA methylation and diabetes-related traits in human tissues and blood. The overall focus is on the potential of future epigenome-wide studies, carried out across tissues and populations with correlations to pre-diabetes and T2D risk factors, to build up a library of epigenetic markers of risk and early progression of T2D. These markers may, tentatively in combination with other predictors of T2D development, increase the possibility of individual-based lifestyle prevention of T2D and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Gillberg
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Linn Gillberg, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, Section 7652, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark e-mail:
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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23824
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Wang X, Chen Y, Abdelkader D, Hassan W, Sun H, Liu J. Combination therapy with oleanolic acid and metformin as a synergistic treatment for diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:973287. [PMID: 25789330 PMCID: PMC4350965 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that cannot be treated adequately using the known monotherapies, especially when the disease progresses to an advanced stage. In this study, we explore the possibility of treating the disease with a novel combination approach of oleanolic acid (OA), a glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitor, and metformin. METHODS Db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: a db/db control group, db/db mice treated with OA (250 mg/kg), db/db mice treated with metformin (100 mg/kg), and db/db mice treated with a combination of OA and metformin. All mice were treated for four weeks. The effects of the treatments on glucose homeostasis were measured using an OGTT, an assessment of insulin sensitivity and signaling in the liver, and the hepatic glucose production. RESULTS Combination therapy with OA and metformin significantly reduced the blood glucose and insulin levels and improved the liver pathology compared with that for the monotherapy in the db/db diabetic mouse model. We also found that the combination therapy significantly increased the mRNA expression of glycogen synthesis and decreased the GP, PGC-1α, PEPCK1, and G-6-Pase levels. In addition, the combination therapy with OA and metformin significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT, PI3K, AMPK, and ACC and decreased the protein expression levels of G-6-Pase, PEPCK1, and TORC compared with those for either monotherapy. The combination therapy also reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR and CREB. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combination therapy with OA and metformin has synergistic effects on the symptoms of db/db diabetic mice by improving glucose and insulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- National Drug Screening Center and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- National Drug Screening Center and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Daoud Abdelkader
- National Drug Screening Center and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- National Drug Screening Center and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Center for Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Drug Screening Center and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
- *Jun Liu:
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23825
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Lecube A, Ciudin A, Sampol G, Valladares S, Hernández C, Simó R. Effect of glycemic control on nocturnal arterial oxygen saturation: a case-control study in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes 2015; 7:133-8. [PMID: 25043292 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence suggesting a deleterious effect of type 2 diabetes on lung function and sleep breathing. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether or not an improvement in glycemic control could arrest or ameliorate nocturnal hypoxemia in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c ≥8% (cases) and 10 non-diabetic subjects were analyzed. Controls were closely matched to cases by age, gender, body mass index, and neck circumference. The nocturnal oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was calculated at baseline and 5 days after blood glucose improvement with pharmacological intervention. Four different oxygen desaturation thresholds (reductions in SaO2 ≥ 3%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) as indicators of hypoxemia severity (ODI-3%, ODI-4%, ODI-6%, ODI-8%) were used. RESULTS At baseline, patients with diabetes showed a higher number of ODI-3%, ODI-4%, and ODI-6% in comparison with controls. A significant reduction in ODI-3% (29.7 [4.8-107.9] events per hour at baseline versus 24.6 [3.1-97.7] e/h at discharge, P < 0.001), ODI-4% (21.7 [1.6-79.3] versus 14.7 [0.3- 79.4], P = 0.003), ODI-6% (9.3 [0.3-71.8] versus 4.0 [0.0-73.7], P = 0.001), and ODI-8% (4.1 [0.0-64.3] versus 1.1 [0.0-69.8], P = 0.033) was observed in patients with diabetes after 5 days of follow-up. However, no changes in ODI events were observed in non-diabetic patients after the same period. No significant changes in weight were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Glycemic control improvement significantly reduces the increased number of nocturnal oxygen desaturations that exist in type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the rapid effect without changes in body weight suggests a central mechanism involving respiratory center output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lecube
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Endocrinology Department, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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23826
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Manin G, Pons A, Baltzinger P, Moreau F, Iamandi C, Wilhelm JM, Lenoble P, Kessler L, Kessler R. Obstructive sleep apnoea in people with Type 1 diabetes: prevalence and association with micro- and macrovascular complications. Diabet Med 2015; 32:90-6. [PMID: 25186832 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Few reports have assessed the relationship between Type 1 diabetes and sleep disorders. The purposes of our study were to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in Type 1 diabetes and to compare the clinical profile of people with Type 1 diabetes with or without obstructive sleep apnoea. METHODS In this cross sectional study of 67 consecutive people with Type 1 diabetes, we performed polysomnography as part of their yearly check-ups. RESULTS In our cohort, with a mean BMI of 25.8 ± 4.7 kg/m(2), the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea [apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) > 10/h] was 46%. Severe obstructive sleep apnoea (AHI ≥ 30/h) was present in 19% of the patients. We found no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c or Epworth sleepiness scale score between people with or without obstructive sleep apnoea. People with obstructive sleep apnoea had a longer course of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01) and a higher prevalence of retinopathy (P < 0.01), neuropathy (P = 0.05), cardiovascular disease (P < 0.01) and hypertension (P < 0.01). The occurrence of macrovascular complications was independently associated with the presence of OSA [odds ratio (OR) 8.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-43.97; P = 0.013] and the duration of diabetes (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.15; P = 0.01). Moreover, retinopathy was independently associated with OSA (OR 4.54; 95% CI, 1.09-18.82; P = 0.04) and the duration of diabetes (OR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea was high in people with Type 1 diabetes. Obstructive sleep apnoea was independently associated with macrovascular complications and retinopathy. Obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness were uncommon in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manin
- Department of Pneumology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23827
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F. Jelinek H, H. Abawajy J, J. Cornforth D, Kowalczyk A, Negnevitsky M, U. Chowdhury M, Krones R, V. Kelarev A. Multi-layer Attribute Selection and Classification Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Based on HRV Attributes. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23828
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Zhao WX, Zhuang X, Huang TT, Feng R, Lin JH. Effects of Notch2 and Notch3 on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cell Lines. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:867-74. [PMID: 26640406 PMCID: PMC4643077 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of two trophoblast cell lines, BeWo and JAR. METHODS Notch2 and Notch3 expression in BeWo and JAR cells was upregulated or downregulated using lentivirus-mediated overexpression or RNA interference. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on the apoptosis of BeWo and JAR cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using the Annexin V-PE Apoptosis kit. Lentivirus-based overexpression vectors were constructed by cloning the full-length coding sequences of human Notch2 and Notch3 C-terminally tagged with GFP or GFP alone (control) into a lentivirus-based expression vector. Lentivirus-based gene silencing vectors were prepared by cloning small interfering sequences targeting human Notch2 and Notch3 and scrambled control RNA sequence into a lentivirus-based gene knockdown vector. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. And the effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on the apoptosis of BeWo and JAR cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using the Annexin V PE Apoptosis kit. RESULTS We found that the downregulation of Notch2 and Notch3 gene expression in BeWo and JAR cells resulted in an increase in cell proliferation, while upregulation of Notch3 and Notch2 expression led to a decrease in cell proliferation. Moreover, the overexpression of Notch3 and Notch2 in BeWo and JAR cells reduced apoptosis in these trophoblast cell lines, whereas apoptosis was increased in the cells in which the expression of Notch3 and Notch2 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Notch2 and Notch3 inhibited both cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in BeWo and JAR trophoblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23829
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Chowdhury MKH, Montgomery MK, Morris MJ, Cognard E, Shepherd PR, Smith GC. Glucagon phosphorylates serine 552 of β-catenin leading to increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc in the isolated rat liver. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:88-96. [PMID: 26135564 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1048693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years the prevalence of metabolic disorders, in particular type 2 diabetes (T2D), has more than doubled. Recently, a strong link between T2D and cancer, in particularly liver cancer has been reported. However, the mechanism connecting the development of type 2 diabetes and cancer remains unknown. One of the biggest drivers of liver cancer is alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of glucagon on β-catenin in the isolated rat liver. We found glucagon, which is substantially raised in patients with T2D, rapidly phosphorylates β-catenin on serine 552 that is associated with increased expression of genes cyclin D1 (CCND1) and c-Myc (MYC), which are known to be involved in liver cancer. This finding may explain the increased risk of liver cancer in people with T2D.
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23830
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Nakamura N, Matsui T, Ishibashi Y, Yamagishi SI. Insulin stimulates SGLT2-mediated tubular glucose absorption via oxidative stress generation. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:48. [PMID: 26023321 PMCID: PMC4447012 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ninety percent of glucose filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), which is expressed mainly on the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. Since SGLT-2-mediated glucose reabsorption is enhanced under diabetic conditions, selective inhibition of SGLT2 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with diabetes. However, it remains unclear which diabetes-associated factors are involved in overexpression of SGLT2. METHODS Therefore, in this study, we examined whether insulin, high glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), or H2O2 stimulated SGLT2 expression in human cultured proximal tubular cells, and then investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS High glucose or AGEs did not affect SGLT2 expression in tubular cells. Insulin significantly increased tubular SGLT2 level in a dose-dependent manner, whereas bell-shaped dose-response curves were observed for H2O2-treated cells. An anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine completely blocked insulin-induced up-regulation of SGLT2 as well as increase in glucose absorption by tubular cells. Furthermore, insulin dose-dependently increased reactive oxygen species generation in tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS Our present study demonstrated that insulin could stimulate SGLT-2-mediated glucose entry into cultured proximal tubular cells via oxidative stress generation. Suppression of the insulin-induced overexpression of SGLT2 in tubular cells might be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Yuji Ishibashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011 Japan
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23831
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Ma ZJ, Zhang XN, Li L, Yang W, Wang SS, Guo X, Sun P, Chen LM. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablet Ameliorates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis via the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet Fed and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:390428. [PMID: 26347890 PMCID: PMC4549548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/390428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablet (TGT) is a Chinese traditional medicine that has been shown to protect podocytes from injury and reduce the proteinuria. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TGT on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its potential mechanism in high-fat diet fed and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into normal control rats (NC group), diabetic rats without drug treatment (DM group), and diabetic rats treated with TGT (1, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 8 weeks. The results showed that 24 h proteinuria and urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) in diabetic rats were decreased by TGT treatment without affecting blood glucose. Masson's trichrome stains showed that apparent renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was found in DM group, which was ameliorated by TGT treatment. The expression of α-SMA was significantly decreased, accompanied by increased expression of E-cadherin in TGT-treated rats, but not in untreated DM rats. Further studies showed that TGT administration markedly reduced expression of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in TGT-treated diabetic rats. These results showed that TGT could ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the mechanism which may be at least partly associated with the amelioration of EMT through suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-jun Ma
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-na Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Li
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shan-shan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin Guo
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pei Sun
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li-ming Chen
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- *Li-ming Chen:
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23832
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Dickens YL, Haynos AF, Nunnemaker S, Platka-Bird L, Dolores J. Multidisciplinary residential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and co-occurring eating disorders. Eat Disord 2015; 23:134-43. [PMID: 25330352 PMCID: PMC4326542 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2014.964609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on treatment for diabetes and co-occurring eating disorders is sparse. We examined outcomes from multidisciplinary residential treatment for women with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders and the impact of treatment duration on outcomes. Participants were 29 women with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders receiving residential treatment. Repeated measures analyses of variance examined changes in blood glucose and psychological symptoms over treatment. Analyses were repeated to include treatment by duration interactions. Treatment produced significant reductions in blood glucose, eating disorder symptoms, and psychological concerns. Longer treatment duration was associated with greater improvements in psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani L Dickens
- a Counseling Services, University of Nevada , Reno , Nevada , USA
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23833
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Lucke-Wold BP, Turner RC, Logsdon AF, Simpkins JW, Alkon DL, Smith KE, Chen YW, Tan Z, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Common mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke: the role of protein kinase C in the progression of age-related neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 43:711-24. [PMID: 25114088 PMCID: PMC4446718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite being distinct disease entities, share numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as those mediated by inflammation, immune exhaustion, and neurovascular unit compromise. An important shared mechanistic link is acute and chronic changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC isoforms have widespread functions important for memory, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and injury repair that change as the body ages. Disease states accelerate PKC functional modifications. Mutated forms of PKC can contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. In some cases the PKC isoforms are still functional but are not successfully translocated to appropriate locations within the cell. The deficits in proper PKC translocation worsen stroke outcome and amyloid-β toxicity. Cross talk between the innate immune system and PKC pathways contribute to the vascular status within the aging brain. Unfortunately, comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension disrupt normal communication between the two systems. The focus of this review is to highlight what is known about PKC function, how isoforms of PKC change with age, and what additional alterations are consequences of stroke and AD. The goal is to highlight future therapeutic targets that can be applied to both the treatment and prevention of neurologic disease. Although the pathology of ischemic stroke and AD are different, the similarity in PKC responses warrants further investigation, especially as PKC-dependent events may serve as an important connection linking age-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daniel L. Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kelly E. Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jason D. Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Correspondence to: Charles L. Rosen, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Suite 4300, Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506-9183, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 5041; Fax: +1 304 293 4819;
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23834
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Fabregat M, Fernandez M, Javiel G, Vitarella G, Mimbacas A. The Genetic Profile from HLA and Non-HLA Loci Allows Identification of Atypical Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:485132. [PMID: 26273670 PMCID: PMC4530254 DOI: 10.1155/2015/485132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex diagnosis and treatment of diabetes highlight the need for markers to define how to monitor patients correctly during the course of their disease. Different studies demonstrate the existence of patients who cannot be clearly classified. We have previously shown that it is possible to differentiate "atypical diabetic patients" based on genotyping the HLA. In this work we show that the analysis of non-HLA related to type 1 diabetes in the INS-VNTR, SNP rs689, and rs3842753 improves the identification of these patients. We genotyped 913 individuals comprising controls from the general population and "classic" and "atypical" diabetic patients. We compared the distribution of these loci and analyzed linkage disequilibrium. The haplotype was in LD for all the SNPs that were evaluated. Regarding their association with the disease, the haplotype IAC was associated with type 1 (odds 2.60, 1.82-3.72, CI 95%) and "atypical diabetes" (odds 1.50, 1.01-2.23, CI 95%), whereas we did not observe an association with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, our results confirm that atypical diabetes is a different entity of the disease where the patient presents with a genetic background of T1D and a T2D phenotype, findings that are likely to be relevant for patient diagnosis and management in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Fabregat
- Biodiversity and Genetic Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Fernandez
- Biodiversity and Genetic Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Javiel
- Teaching Care Unit, Unit of Diabetes “Hospital Pasteur”, ASSE, Ministry of Public Health, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Diabetology Service of “Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay”, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Graciela Vitarella
- Diabetology Service of “Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay”, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Mimbacas
- Biodiversity and Genetic Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Adriana Mimbacas:
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23835
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Stefani GP, Baldissera G, Nunes RB, Heck TG, Rhoden CR. Metabolic Syndrome and DNA Damage: The Interplay of Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in the Development of Metabolic Dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2015.57009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23836
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Shao J, Wang Z, Yang T, Ying H, Zhang Y, Liu S. Bone Regulates Glucose Metabolism as an Endocrine Organ through Osteocalcin. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:967673. [PMID: 25873961 PMCID: PMC4383405 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeleton was considered as a dynamic connective tissue, which was essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic niche. However more and more evidences indicate that skeleton works not only as a structural scaffold but also as an endocrine organ, which regulates several metabolic processes. Besides osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin (SOST), and Dickopf (DKK) which play essential roles in bone formation, modelling, remodelling, and homeostasis, bone can also secret hormones, such as osteocalcin (OCN), which promotes proliferation of β cells, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. Additionally OCN can also regulate the fat cells and male gonad endocrine activity and be regulated by insulin and the neural system. In summary, skeleton has endocrine function via OCN and plays an important role in energy metabolism, especially in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
- *Tieyi Yang:
| | - Hui Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital/Clinical School, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
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23837
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Horton WB, Taylor JS, Ragland TJ, Subauste AR. Diabetic muscle infarction: a systematic review. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015; 3:e000082. [PMID: 25932331 PMCID: PMC4410119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication associated with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature since it was first described over 45 years ago. There is no clear 'standard of care' for managing these patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed searches were conducted for 'diabetic muscle infarction' and 'diabetic myonecrosis' from database inception through July 2014. All articles identified by these searches were reviewed in detail if the article text was available in English. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The current literature exists as case reports or small case series, with no prospective or higher-order treatment studies available. Thus, an evidence-based approach to data synthesis was difficult. The available literature is presented objectively with an attempt to describe clinically relevant trends and findings in the diagnosis and management of DMI. CONCLUSIONS Early recognition of DMI is key, so appropriate treatment can be initiated. MRI is the radiological study of choice. A combination of bed rest, glycemic control, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy appears to yield the shortest time to symptom resolution and the lowest risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Horton
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeremy S Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Timothy J Ragland
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Angela R Subauste
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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23838
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Semeraro F, Cancarini A, dell'Omo R, Rezzola S, Romano MR, Costagliola C. Diabetic Retinopathy: Vascular and Inflammatory Disease. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:582060. [PMID: 26137497 PMCID: PMC4475523 DOI: 10.1155/2015/582060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the working-age population of the Western world. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and several vascular, inflammatory, and neuronal mechanisms are involved. Inflammation mediates structural and molecular alterations associated with DR. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory pathways associated with DR are not completely characterized. Previous studies indicate that tissue hypoxia and dysregulation of immune responses associated with diabetes mellitus can induce increased expression of numerous vitreous mediators responsible for DR development. Thus, analysis of vitreous humor obtained from diabetic patients has made it possible to identify some of the mediators (cytokines, chemokines, and other factors) responsible for DR pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between inflammation and DR. Herein the main vitreous-related factors triggering the occurrence of retinal complication in diabetes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Semeraro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A. Cancarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R. dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - S. Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M. R. Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples, Italy
| | - C. Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- ICRRS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- *C. Costagliola:
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23839
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Rombopoulos G, Hatzikou M, Athanasiadis A, Elisaf M. Treatment Compliance with Fixed-Dose Combination of Vildagliptin/Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Metformin Monotherapy: A 24-Week Observational Study. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:251485. [PMID: 26089879 PMCID: PMC4452314 DOI: 10.1155/2015/251485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the differences in treatment compliance with vildagliptin/metformin fixed-dose versus free-dose combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Greece. Design. Adult patients with T2DM, inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy, (850 mg bid), participated in this 24-week, multicenter, observational study. Patients were enrolled in two cohorts: vildagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination (group A) and vildagliptin metformin free-dose combination (group B). Results. 659 patients were enrolled, 360 were male, with mean BMI 30.1, mean T2DM duration 59.6 months, and mean HbA1c at baseline 8%; 366 patients were assigned to group A and 293 to group B; data for 3 patients was missing. In group A, 98.9% of patients were compliant with their treatment compared to 84.6% of group B. The odds ratio for compliance in group A versus B was (OR) 18.9 (95% CI: 6.2, 57.7; P < 0.001). In group A mean HbA1c decreased from 8.1% at baseline to 6.9% (P < 0.001) at the study end and from 7.9% to 6.8% (P < 0.001) in group B. Conclusions. Patients in group A were more compliant than patients in group B. These results are in accordance with international literature suggesting that fixed-dose combination therapies lead to increased compliance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Rombopoulos
- Novartis Hellas S.A., 12th klm National Road 1, Metamorfosis, 14451 Athens, Greece
- *Grigorios Rombopoulos:
| | - Magdalini Hatzikou
- Novartis Hellas S.A., 12th klm National Road 1, Metamorfosis, 14451 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Athanasiadis
- Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research (IOBE), 11 Tsami Karatatsi Street, 11742 Athens, Greece
| | - Moyses Elisaf
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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23840
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Kawasaki K, Yamada S, Ogata K, Saito Y, Takahama A, Yamada T, Matsumoto K, Kose H. Use of Drosophila as an evaluation method reveals imp as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in rat locus Niddm22. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:758564. [PMID: 25821834 PMCID: PMC4363715 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common human diseases. QTL analysis of the diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats has identified numerous hyperglycemic loci. However, molecular characterization and/or gene identification largely remains to be elucidated due mostly to the weak genetic variances contributed by each locus. Here we utilized Drosophila melanogaster as a secondary model organism for functional evaluation of the candidate gene. We demonstrate that the tissue specific knockdown of a homologue of igf2bp2 RNA binding protein leads to increased sugar levels similar to that found in the OLETF rat. In the mutant, the expression of two of the insulin-like peptides encoded in the fly genome, dilp2 and dilp3, were found to be downregulated. Consistent with previous reports of dilp mutants, the imp mutant flies exhibited an extension of life span; in contrast, starvation tolerance was reduced. These results further reinforce the possibility that imp is involved in sugar metabolism by modulating insulin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurenai Kawasaki
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Sawaka Yamada
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Koki Ogata
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Aiko Takahama
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kozo Matsumoto
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kose
- Division of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
- *Hiroyuki Kose:
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23841
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Valdés-Ramos R, Guadarrama-López AL, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Benítez-Arciniega AD. Vitamins and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2015; 15:54-63. [PMID: 25388747 PMCID: PMC4435229 DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666141111103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present review evaluates the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and individual or combined vitamins. Antioxidant vitamins A, C and E are found decreased in diabetic subjects, possibly due to an increased need to control the excessive oxidative stress produced by abnormalities in glucose metabolism. On the other hand, retinol binding protein exerts a modulating effect, as it has adipokine functions. With respect to the B group vitamins, thiamin, pyridoxine and biotin have been found decreased but the mechanisms are not clear, however supplementation has shown some improvement of the metabolic control in diabetic patients. The absorption of folic acid and vitamin B12 is importantly decreased by the prolongued use of metformin, which is the first choice drug in uncomplicated diabetes, thus these two nutrients have been found deficient in the disease and most probably need to be supplemented regularly. On the other hand, vitamin D is considered a risk factor for the development of diabetes as well as its complications, particularly cardiovascular ones. Although some studies have found an association of vitamin K intake with glucose metabolism further research is needed. Studies on the use of multivitamin supplements have shown unconclusive results. After reviewing the evidence, no real recommendation on the use of vitamin supplements in type 2 diabetes mellitus can be issued, however patients using metformin during prolongued periods may need folic acid and vitamin B12.
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23842
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Abstract
Renal impairment is common in liver disease and may occur as a consequence of the pathophysiological changes that underpin cirrhosis or secondary to a pre-existing unrelated insult. Nevertheless, the onset of renal impairment often portends a worsening prognosis. Hepatorenal syndrome remains one of the most recognized and reported causes of renal impairment in cirrhosis. However, other causes of renal impairment occur and can be classified into prerenal, intrinsic or postrenal, which are the subjects of the present review.
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23843
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Rhee KJ, Lee CG, Kim SW, Gim DH, Kim HC, Jung BD. Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:987-94. [PMID: 26664261 PMCID: PMC4661298 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by either destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 DM) or unresponsiveness to insulin (type 2 DM). Conventional therapies for diabetes mellitus have been developed but still needs improvement. Many diabetic patients have complemented conventional therapy with alternative methods including oral supplementation of natural products. In this study, we assessed whether Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) 761 could provide beneficial effects in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM and high-fat diet-induced type 2 DM murine model system. For the type 1 DM model, streptozotocin-induced mice were orally administered EGb 761 for 10 days prior to streptozotocin injection and then again administered EGb 761 for an additional 10 days. Streptozotocin-treated mice administered EGb 761 exhibited lower blood triglyceride levels, lower blood glucose levels and higher blood insulin levels compared to streptozotocin-treated mice. Furthermore, liver LPL and liver PPAR-α were increased whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in streptozotocin-injected mice treated with EGb 761 compared to mice injected with streptozotocin alone. For the type 2 DM model, mice were given high-fat diet for 60 days and then orally administered EGb 761 every other day for 80 days. We found that mice given a high-fat diet and EGb 761 showed decreased blood triglyceride levels, increased liver LPL, increased liver PPAR-α and decreased body weight compared to mice given high-fat diet alone. These results suggest that EGb 761 can exert protective effects in both type 1 and type 2 DM murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jong Rhee
- 1. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju
| | - Chang Gun Lee
- 1. Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University at Wonju
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- 2. Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University
| | - Dong-Hyeon Gim
- 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
| | - Hyun-Cheol Kim
- 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
| | - Bae Dong Jung
- 2. Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University ; 3. College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
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23844
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Rayess N, Rahimy E, Ying GS, Bagheri N, Ho AC, Regillo CD, Vander JF, Hsu J. Baseline choroidal thickness as a predictor for response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:85-91.e1-3. [PMID: 25261844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness and short-term response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in diabetic macular edema (DME). DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS Fifty-three eyes from 42 patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve DME were treated with 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Serial enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were used to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness (CMT). Anatomic response (CMT decrease ≥ 50 μm) and functional response (best-corrected visual acuity gain ≥ 1 line) were assessed at 3 months follow-up using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS After 3 monthly anti-VEGF treatments, subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased significantly (225 μm at baseline, 201 μm at 3 months, P < .0001). The anatomic responder group (32 eyes) had a greater baseline choroidal thickness (243 ± 15 μm) than the nonresponder group (21 eyes, 198 ± 13 μm, P = .03). Similarly, the functional responder group (28 eyes) tended to have a greater baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness (239 ± 12 μm) than the nonresponder group (25 eyes, 211 ± 16 μm, P = .08). Multivariate analyses revealed that a greater baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness was associated with a better anatomic (odds ratio = 1.12 for every 10 μm increase, P = .03) and functional response (odds ratio = 8.45 for >200 μm vs ≤ 200 μm, P = .008). CONCLUSION Baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness may help predict which patients with DME will respond more favorably in the short term to intravitreal anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy. In this study, eyes with a thicker baseline subfoveal choroidal thickness had better short-term anatomic and functional responses.
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23845
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Abdo S, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Reactive Oxygen Species and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Hidden Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26213634 PMCID: PMC4511631 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysfunction have been implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from being fully understood. In addition to the systemic RAS, the existence of a local intrarenal RAS in renal proximal tubular cells has been recognized. Angiotensinogen is the sole precursor of all angiotensins (Ang). Intrarenal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Ang II level and RAS gene expression are up-regulated in diabetes, indicating that intrarenal ROS and RAS activation play an important role in DN. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway is one of the major protective processes that occurs in response to intracellular oxidative stress. Nrf2 stimulates an array of antioxidant enzymes that convert excessive ROS to less reactive or less damaging forms. Recent studies have, however, revealed that Nrf2 activation might have other undesirable effects in diabetic animals and in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of the relationship between ROS, Nrf2 and intra renal RAS activation in DN progression as well as possible novel target(s) for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban Abdo
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
| | - John S D Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Center Hospital of QC, Canada
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23846
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Kloubert V, Rink L. Zinc as a micronutrient and its preventive role of oxidative damage in cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:3195-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency leads to increased ROS production, thereby causing lipid peroxidation. Subsequently, signallingviathe NF-κB pathway is increased, resulting in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines which in turn cause chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kloubert
- Institute of Immunology
- Medical Faculty
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology
- Medical Faculty
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
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23847
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Wang S, Li B, Li C, Cui W, Miao L. Potential Renoprotective Agents through Inhibiting CTGF/CCN2 in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:962383. [PMID: 26421309 PMCID: PMC4572424 DOI: 10.1155/2015/962383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The development and progression of DN might involve multiple factors. Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2, originally known as CTGF) is the one which plays a pivotal role. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to CCN2 as a potential therapeutic target for DN. Up to date, there are also many drugs or agents which have been shown for their protective effects against DN via different mechanisms. In this review, we only focus on the potential renoprotective therapeutic agents which can specifically abolish CCN2 expression or nonspecifically inhibit CCN2 expression for retarding the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- Department of Nephrology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Urology, The 2nd Hospital of Changchun, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- *Lining Miao:
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23848
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Tabur S, Korkmaz H, Ozkaya M, Aksoy SN, Akarsu E. Is calprotectin a novel biomarker of neuroinflammation in diabetic periferal neuropathy? Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:36. [PMID: 25995771 PMCID: PMC4438577 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we aimed to investigate serum calprotectin levels in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and possible role of this molecule in the disease pathogenesis. METHOD Twenty nine patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 30 type 2 diabetic patients without neuropathy, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, calprotectin and hsCRP levels were measured in diabetic and healthy control groups. RESULTS Serum calprotectin and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in patients with and without neuropathy than healthy controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.017, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Serum calprotectin and hsCRP levels were higher in diabetics with neuropathy than the ones without (p = 0.021 and p < 0.001, respectively). The positive correlation was detected between calprotectin levels and hsCRP and HbA1c in Spearman correlation analysis (r = 0.510, p < 0.001; r = 0.437, p < 0.001 respectively). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated the important association between neuropathy development and hsCRP and serum calprotectin levels in diabetic individuals. CONCLUSION Seum calprotectin levels were increased in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Tabur
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, 27100 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hakan Korkmaz
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, 27100 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mesut Ozkaya
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, 27100 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sefika Nur Aksoy
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, 27100 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akarsu
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, 27100 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
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23849
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Altaf Q, Tahrani AA. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetic Microvascular Complications. MODULATION OF SLEEP BY OBESITY, DIABETES, AGE, AND DIET 2015:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420168-2.00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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23850
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Ambrosino P, Tasso M, Lupoli R, Di Minno A, Baldassarre D, Tremoli E, Di Minno MND. Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature studies. Ann Med 2015; 47:457-67. [PMID: 26340234 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1068950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) are non-invasive methods to assess arterial stiffness, a marker of CV risk. We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of RA on aortic-PWV, brachial-PWV, brachial-ankle (ba-) PWV, AIx, and AIx normalized to a 75 beats/minute heart rate (AIx@75). MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies evaluating the relationship between RA and aortic-PWV, brachial-PWV, ba-PWV, AIx, and AIx@75 were systematically searched. A total of 25 studies (1,472 RA patients, 1,583 controls) were included. RESULTS Compared to controls, RA patients showed a significantly higher aortic-PWV (mean difference 1.32 m/s; 95% CI 0.77, 1.88; P < 0.00001), ba-PWV (MD 198.42 cm/s; 95% CI 45.79, 342.76; P = 0.01), AIx (MD 11.50%; 95% CI 5.15, 17.86; P = 0.0004), and AIx@75 (MD 6.99%; 95% CI 4.92, 9.06; P < 0.00001), with a trend toward a higher brachial-PWV (MD 0.34 m/s; 95% CI -0.03, 0.70; P = 0.07). When analyzing studies on early RA, the difference in aortic-PWV among RA patients and controls was even higher (MD 2.30 m/s; 95% CI 1.15, 3.45; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Meta-regression showed that a more severe inflammatory status impacted on aortic-PWV, AIx, and AIx@75. Arterial stiffness, a recognized marker of CV risk, is increased in RA patients. This alteration is associated with the severity of the inflammatory status and is present even in early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ambrosino
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Tasso
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- a Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Tremoli
- b Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS , Milan , Italy
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