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Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, Keller KL. Does 'portion size' matter? Brain responses to food and non-food cues presented in varying amounts. Appetite 2024; 196:107289. [PMID: 38423300 PMCID: PMC10948287 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Larger portions of food elicit greater intake than smaller portions of food, particularly when foods are high in energy density (kcal/g; ED). The neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. The present study used fMRI to assess brain activation to food (higher-ED, lower-ED) and non-food (office supplies) images presented in larger and smaller (i.e., age-appropriate) amounts in 61, 7-8-year-olds (29 male, 32 female) without obesity. Larger amounts of food increased activation in bilateral visual and right parahippocampal areas compared to smaller amounts; greater activation to food amount (larger > smaller) in this cluster was associated with smaller increases in food intake as portions increased. Activation to amount (larger > smaller) was stronger for food than office supplies in primary and secondary visual areas, but, for office supplies only, extended into bilateral parahippocampus, inferior parietal cortex, and additional visual areas (e.g., V7). Activation was greater for higher-vs. lower-ED food images in ventromedial prefrontal cortex for both larger and smaller amounts of food; however, this activation extended into left lateral orbital frontal cortex for smaller amounts only. Activation to food cues did not differ by familial risk for obesity. These results highlight potentially distinct neural pathways for encoding food energy content and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari A Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emma Jane Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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202
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Chan II, Wu AM. Assessing the Role of Cortisol in Anxiety, Major Depression, and Neuroticism: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using SERPINA6/ SERPINA1 Variants. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2024; 4:100294. [PMID: 38525495 PMCID: PMC10959652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence informed by the toxic stress model suggests that higher cortisol causes anxiety and major depression, but clinical success is lacking. To clarify the role of cortisol, we used Mendelian randomization to estimate its associations with anxiety, major depression, and neuroticism, leveraging the largest available genome-wide association studies including from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the UK Biobank, and FinnGen. Methods After meta-analyzing 2 genome-wide association studies on morning plasma cortisol (n = 32,981), we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at p < 5 × 10-8 and r2 < 0.3 in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene region encoding proteins that influence cortisol bioavailability. We applied these SNPs to summary genetic associations with the outcomes considered (n = 17,310-449,484), and systolic blood pressure as a positive outcome, using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis accounting for correlation. Sensitivity analyses addressing SNP correlation and confounding by childhood maltreatment and follow-up analyses using only SNPs that colocalized with SERPINA6 expression were conducted. Results Cortisol was associated with anxiety (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.16 per cortisol z score; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.31), but not major depression (pooled OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10) or neuroticism (β -0.025; 95% CI, -0.071 to 0.022). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates. Cortisol was positively associated with systolic blood pressure, as expected. Using rs9989237 and rs2736898, selected using colocalization, cortisol was associated with anxiety in the UK Biobank (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.74) but not with major depression in FinnGen (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.37). Conclusions Cortisol was associated with anxiety and may be a potential target for prevention. Other targets may be more relevant to major depression and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Ieong Chan
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
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203
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Coman IA, Bazaa U, Guidry JPD, Miller CA. #EndtheSTIgma: An Exploratory Analysis of the 2019 HPV Awareness Day Conversation on Twitter & Instagram. Health Commun 2024; 39:927-936. [PMID: 37041687 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study explores the risk communication conversations on Twitter and Instagram in the context of the 2019 HPV Awareness Day, through the theoretical lenses of the stigma associated with HPV, HPV-related cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Our findings reveal that: 1) self and enacted stigma are present in these social media conversations, via nonprofits and official ambassadors, and via regular people; 2) other categories related to stigma, which can be seen as reactions to stigma and appeals to better individuals and society (i.e. stopping stereotypes) also emerged in these conversations, via official and not official sources, pro and against vaccine discourses; and 3) the same categories emerged from the data via both platforms, but differences exist in terms of narratives and messaging. Practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana A Coman
- College of Media and Communication, Texas Tech University
| | - Uyanga Bazaa
- Department of Communication, Mississippi State University
| | | | - Carrie A Miller
- Public Relations/STEM Translational Communication Center, College of Journalism and Communications, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida
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204
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Thompson L, Baker A, Almeida I, Slavish D, Blumenthal H. Disengagement coping and sleep problems among trauma-exposed adolescents. Anxiety Stress Coping 2024; 37:379-393. [PMID: 38093577 PMCID: PMC10990797 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2292180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of healthy sleep patterns is a critical component of positive adolescent development. Dysregulated sleep habits can put youth at risk for the development of a multitude of inimical outcomes, particularly among those who are exposed to a traumatic event. DESIGN AND METHODS The present study investigated the links between voluntary disengagement coping (e.g., avoidance, denial, wishful thinking) and sleep outcomes among 86 trauma-exposed and non-exposed adolescents between the ages of 12-17 (Mage = 15.44, SD = 1.51; 41.9% female). RESULTS The relationship between voluntary disengagement coping and sleep outcomes was significant only among trauma-exposed adolescents, such that greater use of voluntary disengagement strategies was associated with greater sleep disturbances and greater daytime dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Targeting disengagement coping may be an important strategy to improve sleep health among trauma-exposed adolescents. Continued efforts in improving the efficacy of trauma-exposed adolescent intervention strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Thompson
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States
| | - Alexandria Baker
- University of Rochester, Department of Psychology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Isamar Almeida
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States
| | - Danica Slavish
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX, 76203, United States
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205
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Toledo MJL, Schneider S, Stone AA. Daily sampling frequency and sampling duration affect reliability of person-level estimates of physical activity outcomes: Optimizing Ecological Momentary Assessment studies of physical activities. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 72:102593. [PMID: 38280536 PMCID: PMC10981556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the interrelationship between physical activity (PA) behaviors and EMA-assessed constructs should use measures with high reliability of both the EMA-assessed constructs and the time-matched accelerometry-assessed PA behavior. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how the reliability of accelerometry-assessed PA outcomes is affected by different EMA sampling schemes. Emulating relevant sampling schemes in EMA studies, multiple random samples of real-world accelerometer data (measured via activPAL worn for ∼7 days) were drawn that varied in the number of daily samples (3, 5, and 7 daily samples) and in the duration of each sample (5 min, 60 min, and 120 min), totaling 9 sampling schemes. The reliability of the resulting PA outcomes was estimated by correlating weekly aggregates of the sampled data with the true parameter values (weekly aggregates of all data). A total of 4231 days were analyzed from 619 participants (mean age 45 ± 16 years; 73.3 % female; 72.7 % Non-Hispanic White). At the lowest sampling duration (5 min), none of the sampling schemes reached the threshold for acceptable reliability (reliabilities ranged from 0.20 to 0.67). Using 120 min sample duration resulted in reliable person-level PA estimates (ranges 0.77 to 0.97) except for the time spent in sedentary behavior (rel = 0.68), and for minimum (rel = 0.66), and maximum (rel = 0.63) PA intensity. These three PA outcomes consistently yielded lower levels of reliability across all sampling schemes. Holding constant the total time covered in a day, sampling schemes that used more frequent samples with shorter duration resulted in greater reliability compared to sampling schemes that used less frequent samples with longer duration. Overall, the results are consistent with sampling theory - reliability increased as more time was covered. However, our results also suggested interactive effects of reliability based on sampling frequency, duration, and PA outcome. Researchers should be aware that the reliability of accelerometer-derived PA outcomes can vary depending on the sampling design of EMA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meynard John L Toledo
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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206
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Zhang XX, Sun SY, Ma ZJ, Li ZY, Zhou YS, Yang Y, Rao JX, Zhang P, Kong XY, Li XY, Ge YJ, Chen GH. Changed nocturnal levels of stress-related hormones couple with sleep-wake states in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder: A clinical pilot study. Sleep Med 2024; 117:177-183. [PMID: 38554533 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between nocturnal levels of stress-related hormones and different sleep-wake states in chronic insomnia disorder (CID) patients. METHODS Thirty-three CID patients and 34 good sleepers were enrolled and completed assessment of sleep log, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index. During a-overnight polysomnography monitoring, the patients' vein bleeds were continually collected at different time points (pre-sleep, deep-sleep, 5-min or 30-min waking, and morning waking-up). The control subjects' bleeds were collected only at 22:00 and morning waking-up. The serum hormones were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with at pre-sleep, the level of cortisol was significantly higher at morning waking-up respectively in two-group subjects (Ps < 0.001), with insignificant inter-group differences in cortisol, corticotropin releasing hormone and copeptin at the two time-points. In the patients, the nocturnal secretion curves of three hormones were similar, with the highest concentration at morning waking-up, followed by 30-min waking, 5-min waking, pre-sleep, and deep-sleep. The patients' cortisol (Z = 79.192, P < 0.001) and copeptin (Z = 12.333, P = 0.015) levels were statistically different at different time-points, with higher cortisol at morning waking-up relative to deep-sleep, pre-sleep and 5-min waking (Ps < 0.05), and at 30-min waking relative to deep-sleep and pre-sleep (Ps < 0.05), and higher copeptin at morning waking-up relative to deep-sleep (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In CID, the nocturnal wakes were instantaneously accompanied by high level, and deep sleep was accompanied by the lowest levels, of stress-related hormones, especially in cortisol, supporting the insomniac hypothesis of increased nocturnal pulse-release of cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shi-Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, First People's Hospital of Huainan, Huainan, 232007, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Jie Ma
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zong-Yin Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Shun Zhou
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ji-Xian Rao
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorder), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, (Chaohu), 238000, Anhui Province, China.
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207
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Namgung JY, Park Y, Park Y, Kim CY, Park BY. Diffusion time-related structure-function coupling reveals differential association with inter-individual variations in body mass index. Neuroimage 2024; 291:120590. [PMID: 38548036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is an indicator of obesity, and recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that inter-individual variations in BMI are associated with altered brain structure and function. However, the mechanism underlying the alteration of structure-function correspondence according to BMI is under-investigated. In this study, we studied structural and functional connectivity derived from diffusion MRI tractography and inter-regional correlations of functional MRI time series, respectively. We combined the structural and functional connectivity information using the Riemannian optimization approach. First, the low-dimensional principal eigenvectors (i.e., gradients) of the structural connectivity were generated by applying diffusion map embedding with varying diffusion times. A transformation was identified so that the structural and functional embeddings share the same coordinate system, and subsequently, the functional connectivity matrix was simulated. Then, we generated gradients from the simulated functional connectivity matrix. We found the most apparent cortical hierarchical organization differentiating between low-level sensory and higher-order transmodal regions in the middle of the diffusion time, indicating that the hierarchical organization of the brain may reflect the intermediate mechanisms of mono- and polysynaptic communications. Associations between the functional gradients and BMI were strongest when the hierarchical structure was the most evident. Moreover, the gradient-BMI association map was related to the microstructural features, and the findings indicated that the BMI-related structure-function coupling was significantly associated with brain microstructure, particularly in higher-order transmodal areas. Finally, transcriptomic association analysis revealed the potential biological underpinnings specifying gene enrichment in the striatum, hypothalamus, and cortical cells. Our findings provide evidence that structure-function correspondence is strongly coupled with BMI when hierarchical organization is the most apparent and that the associations are related to the multiscale properties of the brain, leading to an advanced understanding of the neural mechanisms related to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeongjun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Park
- Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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208
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Marzuki AA, Lim TV. Bridging minds and policies: supporting early career researchers in translating computational psychiatry research. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:903-904. [PMID: 38418567 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleya A Marzuki
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tsen Vei Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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209
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Lanfranco RC, Dos Santos Sousa F, Wessel PM, Rivera-Rei Á, Bekinschtein TA, Lucero B, Canales-Johnson A, Huepe D. Slow-wave brain connectivity predicts executive functioning and group belonging in socially vulnerable individuals. Cortex 2024; 174:201-214. [PMID: 38569258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Important efforts have been made to describe the neural and cognitive features of healthy and clinical populations. However, the neural and cognitive features of socially vulnerable individuals remain largely unexplored, despite their proneness to developing neurocognitive disorders. Socially vulnerable individuals can be characterised as socially deprived, having a low socioeconomic status, suffering from chronic social stress, and exhibiting poor social adaptation. While it is known that such individuals are likely to perform worse than their peers on executive function tasks, studies on healthy but socially vulnerable groups are lacking. In the current study, we explore whether neural power and connectivity signatures can characterise executive function performance in healthy but socially vulnerable individuals, shedding light on the impairing effects that chronic stress and social disadvantages have on cognition. We measured resting-state electroencephalography and executive functioning in 38 socially vulnerable participants and 38 matched control participants. Our findings indicate that while neural power was uninformative, lower delta and theta phase synchrony are associated with worse executive function performance in all participants, whereas delta phase synchrony is higher in the socially vulnerable group compared to the control group. Finally, we found that delta phase synchrony and years of schooling are the best predictors for belonging to the socially vulnerable group. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to chronic stress due to socioeconomic factors and a lack of education are associated with changes in slow-wave neural connectivity and executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo C Lanfranco
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Musa Wessel
- Department of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Rivera-Rei
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (SCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tristán A Bekinschtein
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Lucero
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Canales-Johnson
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (SCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
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210
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Cartwright C, Ragni A, Hublin JJ, Chirchir H. Trabecular bone volume fraction in Holocene and Late Pleistocene humans. J Hum Evol 2024; 190:103499. [PMID: 38569444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that recent modern humans have gracile skeletons in having low trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and that gracilization of the skeleton occurred in the last 10,000 years. This has been attributed to a reduction in physical activity in the Holocene. However, there has been no thorough sampling of BV/TV in Pleistocene humans due to limited access to high resolution images of fossil specimens. Therefore, our study investigates the gracilization of BV/TV in Late Pleistocene humans and recent (Holocene) modern humans to improve our understanding of the emergence of gracility. We used microcomputed tomography to measure BV/TV in the femora, humeri and metacarpals of a sample of Late Pleistocene humans from Dolní Věstonice (Czech Republic, ∼26 ka, n = 6) and Ohalo II (Israel, ∼19 ka, n = 1), and a sample of recent humans including farming groups (n = 39) and hunter-gatherers (n = 6). We predicted that 1) Late Pleistocene humans would exhibit greater femoral and humeral head BV/TV compared with recent humans and 2) among recent humans, metacarpal head BV/TV would be greater in hunter-gatherers compared with farmers. Late Pleistocene humans had higher BV/TV compared with recent humans in both the femur and humerus, supporting our first prediction, and consistent with previous findings that Late Pleistocene humans are robust as compared to recent humans. However, among recent humans, there was no significant difference in BV/TV in the metacarpals between the two subsistence groups. The results highlight the similarity in BV/TV in the hand of two human groups from different geographic locales and subsistence patterns and raise questions about assumptions of activity levels in archaeological populations and their relationships to trabecular BV/TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cartwright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Anna Ragni
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241 - U1050), Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin-Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Habiba Chirchir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA; Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O Box 37012, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
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211
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Rogerson O, O'Connor RC, O'Connor DB. The effects of childhood trauma on stress-related vulnerability factors and indicators of suicide risk: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:479-489. [PMID: 38342320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is experienced by approximately one third of young people in the United Kingdom and has been shown to confer an increased risk for mental health difficulties in adulthood. Understanding the associations between these factors before negative health outcomes manifest in adulthood is imperative to help inform the development of interventions. The aims of this study were two-fold; first, to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on daily stress-related vulnerability factors over a period of 7 days and to test whether any observed relationships were moderated by protective or risk factors. Second, to explore the indirect effects of childhood trauma on reasons for living, optimism, daily suicide ideation, defeat and entrapment through the daily stress-related vulnerability factors. METHODS 212 participants were recruited to an ecological momentary assessment study to complete three diaries per day for a 7-day period. Participants completed daily measures of stress, hassles, executive functioning, impulsivity, sleep quality (stress-related vulnerability factors) as well as measures of reasons for living, optimism, daily thoughts of suicide, defeat and entrapment. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was also completed at baseline. RESULTS Analyses found that childhood trauma was significantly associated with higher scores on the daily stress-related vulnerability factors and positively related to each of the daily indicators of suicide risk. The study also uncovered key pathways whereby trauma had indirect effects on reasons for living, optimism, daily thoughts of suicide, defeat and entrapment through executive functioning, impulsivity, sleep quality and stress. LIMITATIONS The measures of executive function and sleep were self-reported and future research ought to replicate the current findings using more objective methods. DISCUSSION The findings from this study highlight the complexity of childhood trauma and its damaging effects on stress-related vulnerability factors and poorer mental health outcomes. Greater understanding of pathways by which trauma may impact later health outcomes is essential for development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Gigler ME, Lathan EC, Cardarelli O, Lewis CL, McCabe S, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J. Young adults' expectations for healthcare following institutional betrayal. J Trauma Dissociation 2024; 25:299-314. [PMID: 36073011 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-related institutional betrayal has been used to examine how patients' previous negative healthcare experiences influence their current provider-level trust and future interactions with the healthcare system. However, healthcare-related institutional betrayal has rarely been considered among emerging independent users of the healthcare system: college students. Moreover, it is unknown whether healthcare-related institutional betrayal is associated with future healthcare expectations among this population. Using a trauma-informed framework, this study examined the relations among self-reported experiences of healthcare-related institutional betrayal, trust in healthcare providers, and subsequent expectations for healthcare among college students (n = 967). Analyses considered whether greater past healthcare-related institutional betrayal during one's worst healthcare experience predicts i) lower current trust in healthcare providers and ii) greater negative expectations for future healthcare above and beyond trauma symptoms and the perceived severity of participants' worst healthcare experiences. Sixty-nine percent of participants endorsed having experienced at least one act of institutional betrayal, the most common being the institution not taking proactive steps to prevent unpleasant healthcare experiences (28.5%). As predicted theoretically, greater experiences of institutional betrayal accounted for 16% of the variance in current trust in healthcare providers, even after accounting for trauma symptoms and the severity of the worst healthcare experience. Greater endorsement of institutional betrayal experiences were also significantly associated with negative expectations for future healthcare. Given the youthfulness of the sample, it is noteworthy that 41.4% of participants endorsed at least one negative expectation for future healthcare. Future research should examine how negative expectations are related to healthcare avoidance behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Gigler
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emma C Lathan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Oriana Cardarelli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chrystal L Lewis
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sean McCabe
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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213
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Abstract
"Compulsive Shopping" is characterized by poorly controlled preoccupations/urges/behaviors focused on shopping and spending, causing significant distress/impairment. This study looked at what roles executive and related memory problems might exist in compulsive shopping. 205 adults completed on-line questionnaires measuring compulsive shopping, mood, as well as working memory and inhibition components of executive function. The Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale was used to assign participants to either a High Compulsive Shopping (HCS) group or Low Compulsive Shopping (LCS) group. Working memory (WM) and inhibition control (IC) were measured as two components of executive function (EF) using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), the Dysexecutive Questionnaire Revised (DEX-R) measured general EF. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured anxiety and depression. MANCOVA and mediation analyses were carried out controlling for age, gender, anxiety, depression. The HCS group scored significantly higher on all three EF measures, indicating greater executive difficulties. Subsequent mediation analyses with the ADEXI-IC as the mediator removed the significance of the relationship between Group and both the DEX-R and ADEXI-WM outcome variables. Thus, observed Group difference in DEX-R and ADEXI-WM could be fully accounted for by group differences in inhibitory control. The results highlight the role inhibitory control plays in compulsive shopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Heffernan
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Hamilton
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick Neave
- Hoarding Research Group, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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214
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Irie WC, Calabrese SK, Mayer KH, Geng EH, Blackstock O, Marcus JL. Social and structural factors associated with interest in HIV preexposure prophylaxis among Black women in the United States. AIDS Care 2024; 36:672-681. [PMID: 38176016 PMCID: PMC10994725 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2299338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In a nationwide sample of cisgender Black women in the US, we assessed the associations between social and structural factors and interest in using HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Among 315 respondents, 62.2% were interested in PrEP if it were provided for free. Positive social norms surrounding PrEP, including injunctive norms (perceived social acceptability of PrEP use) and descriptive norms (perceived commonality of PrEP use), were positively associated with interest in using PrEP. Concerns about HIV infection, recently visiting a health care provider, and comfort discussing PrEP with a provider were also positively associated with interest in using PrEP. Anticipating PrEP disapproval from others was negatively associated with interest in PrEP. Although PrEP can promote autonomy and personal discretion, Black women's PrEP-related decisions occur in a complex social environment. Black women may benefit from interventions to promote positive norms and attitudes surrounding PrEP at the community level and empower them in discussions with their providers about PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C Irie
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K Calabrese
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elvin H Geng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Julia L Marcus
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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215
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Kong D, Lu P, Lou VWQ, Shelley M. Insomnia Symptom Trajectory of Spouse Caregivers of Older Adults with Functional Limitations. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:464-475. [PMID: 37162016 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2211560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the long-term impact of spouse caregiving on insomnia symptoms, compared to propensity-score matched non-caregivers. METHODS Health and Retirement Study data between 2006 and 2018 were used. Caregivers (n = 403) were respondents (aged 50+) who assisted their heterosexual spouses in performing (instrumental) activities of daily living at baseline. Non-caregivers were matched using a propensity score matching procedure based on baseline characteristics. Insomnia symptoms were measured every 4 years for both groups. Poisson mixed-effect models estimated the association between caregiver status and insomnia symptoms. RESULTS Compared to matched non-caregivers, caregivers had similar severity of insomnia symptoms at baseline (β caregiver = 0.018, 95% CI = -0.089, 0.124) and reported a similar yearly change rate (β caregiver × time = -0.008, 95% CI = -0.017, 0.001). No moderation effects of care-recipients' dementia status and social support were significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study sample, there is no evidence that spouse caregivers, specifically those who performed light duties, experience more severe insomnia symptoms than non-caregivers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Spouse caregiving, especially in a light-duty capacity, may not be detrimental to the caregivers' sleep health. More data are needed regarding insomnia in spouse caregivers with heavy duties of care to fully assess the health impact of the caregiving experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexia Kong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mack Shelley
- Departments of Political Science and Statistics, and School of Education, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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216
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Leucci AC, De Giorgi I, Pelizza L, Bortolotti B, D'Adda F, Gammino L, Gibiino S, Lia L, Magro M, Pellegrini L, Menchetti M. Borderline personality disorder and aggressive behavior: A study based on the DSM-5 alternative model. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:367-371. [PMID: 38593695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unplanned reactive aggressive acts are a clinical feature of particular interest in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The early identification of personality traits correlated to aggressive behavior is certainly desirable in BDP populations. This study analyzes a clinical sample of 122 adult outpatients with BPD referred to Adult Mental Health Services of the Department of Mental Health of Bologna, in Italy. METHODS The study examines the relationship with personality facets of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD), Personality Inventory for DSM (PID-5), with respect to the four main components of aggression measured by the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ): hostility, anger, verbal and physical aggression. Using robust regression models, the relationships between PID-5 facets and domains and the aggression components under consideration were identified. RESULTS Verbal and physical aggression in our sample of BPD outpatients is mainly associated to PID-5 antagonism domain. Physically aggressive behavior is also related to callousness facet. CONCLUSIONS The traits most consistently associated with aggression were the domain of Antagonism and the facet of Hostility. The study findings highlight the need for clinicians working with individuals with BPD to pay particular attention to traits of hostility, callousness, and hostility to understand aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caterina Leucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Giorgi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pelizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Biancamaria Bortolotti
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Adda
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gammino
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Gibiino
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Lia
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Magro
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Bologna Local Health Unit, Bologna, Italy
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217
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León-Cabrera P, Hjortdal A, Berthelsen SG, Rodríguez-Fornells A, Roll M. Neurophysiological signatures of prediction in language: A critical review of anticipatory negativities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105624. [PMID: 38492763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Recent event-related potential (ERP) studies in language comprehension converge in finding anticipatory negativities preceding words or word segments that can be pre-activated based on either sentence contexts or phonological cues. We review these findings from different paradigms in the light of evidence from other cognitive domains in which slow negative potentials have long been associated with anticipatory processes and discuss their potential underlying mechanisms. We propose that this family of anticipatory negativities captures common mechanisms associated with the pre-activation of linguistic information both within words and within sentences. Future studies could utilize these anticipatory negativities in combination with other, well-established ERPs, to simultaneously track prediction-related processes emerging at different time intervals (before and after the perception of pre-activated input) and with distinct time courses (shorter-lived and longer-lived cognitive operations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia León-Cabrera
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Hjortdal
- Centre for Languages and Literature (SOL), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Gosselke Berthelsen
- Centre for Languages and Literature (SOL), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics (NorS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikael Roll
- Centre for Languages and Literature (SOL), Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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218
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Zhao J, Sun R, Shangguan M. Childhood psychological maltreatment and social anxiety in college students: The roles of parasympathetic nervous system activity and parent-child separation experience. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 151:106723. [PMID: 38461709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood psychological maltreatment is a risk factor for social anxiety in adulthood. Parent-child separation, as one of the most serious adversities in early life, may exacerbate the risk of psychological maltreatment and influence the interactions between childhood psychological maltreatment and biological sensitivity to stress in relation to social anxiety. However, there has been a dearth of work on this issue. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the interactive effects between childhood psychological maltreatment and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity on social anxiety in college students by comparing those who experienced parent-child separation versus those who did not. Potential sex differences in the aforementioned associations were tested as an exploratory aim. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were obtained from 264 college students (Mage = 18.45 years, SD = 0.69), including 156 students who experienced parent-child separation and 108 students without this experience. METHODS Participants completed measures of childhood psychological maltreatment and social anxiety and reported their parent-child separation experience. The data of PNS activity, measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity, were obtained during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in the lab. RESULTS Childhood psychological maltreatment was positively associated with college students' social anxiety. RSA reactivity moderated the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and college students' social anxiety, and the moderating role of RSA reactivity varied with parent-child separation experience and sex. CONCLUSIONS Parent-child separation experience influenced the biosocial interactions between childhood psychological maltreatment and PNS activity in relation to individuals' social anxiety, and this effect persisted in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Shangguan
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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219
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Robison M, Baker T, Abderhalden FP, Gordon JA, Joiner TE. Development and validation of a self-report measure of perceived dehumanization from officers. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1065-1078. [PMID: 38301113 PMCID: PMC10998733 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence indicates that incarcerated populations' perceptions of dehumanization by officers are prevalent, yet measures of it are few, and to our knowledge, no self-report measure of dehumanization from officers exists. To fill this gap, we have developed the Perceived Dehumanization from Officers Scale (PDOS), which is designed as a brief measure to assess perception of officer treatment as dehumanizing. METHODS In this article, we provide preliminary evidence from two studies examining the reliability and validity of the PDOS. In study 1, a jail sample (n = 411), we analyzed the exploratory factor structure, internal consistency, and discriminant validity (in relation to procedural justice [PJ]) of the PDOS. Additionally, using a cross-sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis, we related independent variables with the PDOS, the dependent variable. In Study 2, a prison sample (n = 2993), we confirmed the findings from study 1. RESULTS The PDOS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of perceived dehumanization from officers with strong association between perceptions of PJ and perceived dehumanization from officers. CONCLUSIONS The PDOS provides opportunity for future research, intervention through rehumanization efforts, and signals the important officer treatment. Importantly We close by discussing implications of these studies, limitations, and future research directions to further develop and test the PDOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Robison
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Thomas Baker
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Frances P. Abderhalden
- School of Criminal Justice & Criminalistics, California State University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jill A. Gordon
- Levin College of Public Affairs & Education, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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220
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Schaathun IL, Nenseth IR, Rognmo K, Hafstad GS. Factors differentiating risk of sexual abuse victimization by adults and peers among adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 151:106707. [PMID: 38430619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that around half of all cases of sexual abuse among children and adolescents are perpetrated by peers. Yet, there is limited understanding of the distinct risk factors associated with adult versus peer offenders. OBJECTIVE To identify factors that increase the risk of sexual abuse victimization and explores variations in these factors depending on whether the perpetrator was an adult or a peer. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 9240 secondary school students aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 14, SD = 0.88) in Norway participated. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was administered in schools to investigate experiences of sexual abuse and potential risk factors. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Two factors were related to a greater risk of being a victim of sexual abuse committed by an adult than a peer: background from a non-European country (OR = 1.93, p = 0.038) and other experiences of violence (OR = 1.63-2.91, p < 0.005). The use of alcohol was found to be related to a greater risk of victimization by peers than by adults (OR = 0.53, p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents vulnerable to sexual abuse exhibit common traits, regardless of whether the perpetrator is an adult or peer. Yet, specific factors heighten the risk with peers over adults, and vice versa. Recognizing distinct risk factors for abuse by adults and peers enables decision-makers and community workers to create targeted prevention strategies for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Linnea Schaathun
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ian Revhaug Nenseth
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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221
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Berry Z, Lucas BJ. How Much Is Enough? The Relationship Between Prosocial Effort and Moral Character Judgments. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024; 50:659-678. [PMID: 36575959 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221135954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The amount of effort required to bring about a prosocial outcome can vary from low-handing a stranger the wallet she just dropped-to high-spending days tracking down the owner of a lost wallet. The goal of the current research is to characterize the relationship between prosocial effort and moral character judgments. Does more prosocial effort always lead to rosier moral character judgments? Across four studies (N = 1,658), we find that moral character judgments increase with prosocial effort to a point and then plateau. We find evidence that this pattern is produced, in part, by descriptive and prescriptive norms: exceeding descriptive norms increases moral character judgments, but exceeding prescriptive norms has the opposite effect, which leads to a tapering off of moral character judgments at higher levels of effort.
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222
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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Berli C, Hoppmann CA, Murphy RA, Ashe MC, Linden W, Madden KM, Gerstorf D, Scholz U. Let's Enjoy an Evening on the Couch? A Daily Life Investigation of Shared Problematic Behaviors in Three Couple Studies. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024; 50:733-749. [PMID: 36632740 PMCID: PMC11010557 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221143783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Symptom-system fit theory proposes that problematic behaviors are maintained by the social system (e.g., the couple relationship) in which they occur because they help promote positive relationship functioning in the short-term. Across three daily life studies, we examined whether mixed-gender couples reported more positive relationship functioning on days in which they engaged in more shared problematic behaviors. In two studies (Study 1: 82 couples who smoke; Study 2: 117 couples who are inactive), days of more shared problematic behavior were accompanied by higher daily closeness and relationship satisfaction. A third study with 79 couples post-stroke investigating unhealthy eating failed to provide evidence for symptom-system fit. In exploratory lagged analyses, we found more support for prior-day problematic behavior being associated with next-day daily relationship functioning than vice-versa. Together, findings point to the importance of a systems perspective when studying interpersonal dynamics that might be involved in the maintenance of problematic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel A. Murphy
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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223
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Smith CM, Federmeier KD. Multiple mechanisms of visual prediction as revealed by the timecourse of scene-object facilitation. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14503. [PMID: 38178793 PMCID: PMC11021179 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Not only semantic, but also recently learned arbitrary associations have the potential to facilitate visual processing in everyday life-for example, knowledge of a (moveable) object's location at a specific time may facilitate visual processing of that object. In our prior work, we showed that previewing a scene can facilitate processing of recently associated objects at the level of visual analysis (Smith and Federmeier in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(5):783-803, 2020). In the current study, we assess how rapidly this facilitation unfolds by manipulating scene preview duration. We then compare our results to studies using well-learned object-scene associations in a first-pass assessment of whether systems consolidation might speed up high-level visual prediction. In two ERP experiments (N = 60), we had participants study categorically organized novel object-scene pairs in an explicit paired associate learning task. At test, we varied contextual pre-exposure duration, both between (200 vs. 2500 ms) and within subjects (0-2500 ms). We examined the N300, an event-related potential component linked to high-level visual processing of objects and scenes and found that N300 effects of scene congruity increase with longer scene previews, up to approximately 1-2 s. Similar results were obtained for response times and in a separate component-neutral ERP analysis of visual template matching. Our findings contrast with prior evidence that scenes can rapidly facilitate visual processing of commonly associated objects. This raises the possibility that systems consolidation might mediate different kinds of predictive processing with different temporal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybelle M. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kara D. Federmeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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224
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Sherchan JS, Fernandez JR, Njoku A, Brown TH, Forde AT. Perceptions of Racial-Ethnic Inequities in COVID-19 Healthcare and Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine. Epidemiology 2024; 35:377-388. [PMID: 38567886 PMCID: PMC11022993 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceptions of the US healthcare system can impact individuals' healthcare utilization, including vaccination intentions. This study examined the association between perceived racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS This study used data from REACH-US, a nationally representative online survey of a large, diverse sample of U.S. adults (N=5145 January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021). Confirmatory factor and regression analyses examined a latent factor of perceived racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare, whether the factor was associated with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and whether associations varied across racial-ethnic groups reported as probit estimates (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Perceived racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare were highest among Black/African American adults (mean latent factor score: 0.65 ± 0.43) and lowest among White adults (mean latent factor score: 0.04 ± 0.67). Black/African American (B = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.19, 0.03) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (B = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.23, 0.07) adults who perceived greater racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare were less willing than participants who perceived lower inequities. In contrast, American Indian/Alaska Native (B = 0.15; 95% CI = -0.01, 0.30), Asian (B = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.31), Hispanic/Latino (English language preference) (B = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.43), Multiracial (B = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.36), and White (B = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.43) adults who perceived greater racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare were more willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than participants perceiving higher inequities. CONCLUSIONS Greater perceived racial-ethnic inequities in COVID-19 healthcare were associated with less willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among Black/African American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. Sherchan
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jessica R. Fernandez
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anuli Njoku
- Department of Public Health, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Allana T. Forde
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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225
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Fedorenko E, Ivanova AA, Regev TI. The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:289-312. [PMID: 38609551 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Language behaviour is complex, but neuroscientific evidence disentangles it into distinct components supported by dedicated brain areas or networks. In this Review, we describe the 'core' language network, which includes left-hemisphere frontal and temporal areas, and show that it is strongly interconnected, independent of input and output modalities, causally important for language and language-selective. We discuss evidence that this language network plausibly stores language knowledge and supports core linguistic computations related to accessing words and constructions from memory and combining them to interpret (decode) or generate (encode) linguistic messages. We emphasize that the language network works closely with, but is distinct from, both lower-level - perceptual and motor - mechanisms and higher-level systems of knowledge and reasoning. The perceptual and motor mechanisms process linguistic signals, but, in contrast to the language network, are sensitive only to these signals' surface properties, not their meanings; the systems of knowledge and reasoning (such as the system that supports social reasoning) are sometimes engaged during language use but are not language-selective. This Review lays a foundation both for in-depth investigations of these different components of the language processing pipeline and for probing inter-component interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Program in Speech and Hearing in Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tamar I Regev
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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226
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Bellani L, Ceolotto S, Elsner B, Pestel N. The political fallout of air pollution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314428121. [PMID: 38652743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314428121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of air pollution on voting outcomes. We use data from 60 federal and state elections in Germany from 2000 to 2018 and exploit plausibly exogenous fluctuations in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Higher air pollution on election day shifts votes away from incumbent parties and toward opposition parties. An increase in the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) by 10 [Formula: see text]g/m[Formula: see text]-around two within-county SDs-reduces the vote share of incumbent parties by two percentage points, which is equivalent to 4% of the mean vote share. We generalize these findings by documenting similar effects with data from a weekly opinion poll and a large-scale panel survey. We provide further evidence that poor air quality leads to more negative emotions such as anger, worry, and unhappiness, which, in turn, may reduce the support for the political status quo. Overall, these results suggest that poor air quality affects decision-making in the population at large, including consequential political decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Bellani
- Department of Economics, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn 53113, Germany
- AXA Research Lab on Gender Equality at Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy (DONDENA), Milan 20136, Italy
| | - Stefano Ceolotto
- Risk Assessment and Adaptation Strategies (RAAS), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change and Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione - Piano 2, Venezia Marghera 30175, Italy
| | - Benjamin Elsner
- Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn 53113, Germany
- School of Economics, University College Dublin, Belfield D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, University College London, London WC1H 0AX, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Pestel
- Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn 53113, Germany
- Maastricht University, Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market, Maastricht 6211 LM, The Netherlands
- CESifo Research Network, Munich 81679, Germany
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227
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Sima J, Ma H, Liu F, Lou C, Zou F, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Wu X. Electrophysiological indexes of ingroup bias in a group Stroop task: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114931. [PMID: 38432302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although cognitive system assigns higher attentional resources to ingroup information than outgroup information, but it is unclear whether the ingroup bias can be measured by the processes that are related to allocation of attentional resources to ingroup information. Thus, a group Stroop task was developed to study the issues combining with event-related potential (ERP) technique in this study. Specifically, 34 subjects (17 female, mean age = 20.76 ± 1.26) were firstly divided into blue or red group (17 subjects for each group); then they were asked to categorize four words of Stroop task into "our team" or "other team" based on the ink color (blue/red) of the words whose meaning were also red/blue. The behavioral results showed that outgroup ink color processing was interfered by ingroup word meaning, but the ingroup ink color processing was less/not interfered by outgroup word meaning. The ERP results showed that the amplitude of frontal N100 was enhanced when more attentional resources were automatically captured by ingroup information in early stage than outgroup information; P2/N2 amplitude was reduced or enhanced when outgroup information processing was interfered by ingroup information; enhanced P3b amplitude reflected that attention could be more easily allocated to ingroup information than outgroup information based on target. This study implied a novel direction to study the neural basis of ingroup bias by investigating the roles of ingroup bias in assigning attentional resources to group information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Sima
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huanke Ma
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chenjun Lou
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Feng Zou
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yanyan Luo
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Center for Cognition, Emotion and Body (CCEB), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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228
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Wang JA, Wang HF, Cao B, Lei X, Long C. Cultural Dimensions Moderate the Association between Loneliness and Mental Health during Adolescence and Younger Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01977-w. [PMID: 38662185 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cultural factors, such as country or continent, influence the relationship between loneliness and mental health. However, less is known about how cultural dimensions moderate this relationship during adolescence and younger adulthood, even if these dimensions manifest as country or continent differences. This study aims to examine the potential influence of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on this relationship using a three-level meta-analysis approach. A total of 292 studies with 291,946 participants aged 10 to 24 were included in this study. The results indicate that cultural dimensions, such as individualism vs. collectivism, indulgence vs. restraint, power distance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation, moderated the associations between loneliness and social anxiety, stress, Internet overuse, and negative affect. The association between loneliness and mental health was not moderated by cultural dimensions, such as masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. These findings suggest that culture's influence on the association between loneliness and mental health is based on a domain-specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ai Wang
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hai-Fan Wang
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xu Lei
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Changquan Long
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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229
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Singh L, Rajendra SJ. Greater attention to socioeconomic status in developmental research can improve the external validity, generalizability, and replicability of developmental science. Dev Sci 2024:e13521. [PMID: 38661538 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Psychological researchers have been criticized for making broad presumptions about human behavior based on limited sampling. In part, presumptive generalizability is reflected in the limited representation of sociodemographic variation in research reports. In this analysis, we examine time-trends in reporting of a key sociodemographic construct relevant to many aspects of child development-socioeconomic status (SES)-across six mainstream developmental journals (Infancy, Child Development, Developmental Science, Developmental Psychology, Infant and Child Development, and Infant Behavior & Development) between 2016 and 2022. Findings point to limited reporting of SES across developmental journals and across time. Reporting rates varied significantly by region and by topic of development. In terms of specific indicators of SES, there was consistent use of income and caregiver education as SES indicators. The epistemic costs of the lack of integration of socio-economic factors in developmental research are addressed. Pathways to greater integration of SES are proposed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We analyzed reporting and representation of socioeconomic status in published studies on early child development. A large proportion of published studies did not report any socio-economic information. Suggestions for greater attention to socioeconomic status are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leher Singh
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah J Rajendra
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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230
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Rose H, Sanders CA, Willett C, King LA. Target Happiness Attenuates Perceivers' Moral Condemnation of Prejudiced People. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2024:1461672241240160. [PMID: 38661132 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241240160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Five experiments (combined N = 4,915) tested the prediction that the moral boost of happiness would persist for social targets with moral failings. In Studies 1 and 2, White and Black participants, respectively, judged happy (versus unhappy) racist targets more morally good. In Study 3, happy (versus unhappy) racist targets were judged more morally good and less (more) likely to engage in racist (good) behavior. Behavioral expectations explained the link between happiness and moral evaluations. Study 4 replicated Studies 1 to 3 in the context of sexism. In Study 5, happy (versus unhappy) targets who engaged in racially biased behavior were evaluated as more morally good, and this effect was explained by behavioral forecasts. Happiness boosts attributions of moral goodness for prejudiced people and does so via expectations for future behavior. Future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Rose
- University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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231
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Kainalainen A, Korhonen P, Penttinen MA, Liira J. Job stress and burnout among Finnish municipal employees without depression or anxiety. Occup Med (Lond) 2024:kqae019. [PMID: 38661817 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout is associated with job stress but also with mental health symptoms, depression and anxiety. AIMS This study aims to evaluate the effect of job stress on burnout without the effect of depression and anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 among 673 employees (88% female) from four public service sectors in Pori, Finland. Job burnout was assessed with the Bergen Burnout Indicator (BBI-15). Job stress was assessed by combining psychological risk factors (demand control, effort rewards and mental workload). Respondents who reported symptoms of depression and anxiety were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS Of the eligible study subjects (n = 617), 10% reported symptoms of at least mild burnout but only 1% severe burnout. The burnout symptoms varied from 6% to 21% by sector of public service. Job burnout was cumulatively associated with job stress factors. One job stress factor increased the risk of burnout 2-fold (relative risk [RR] 2.13; confidence interval [CI] 0.97-4.68), two factors 6-fold (RR 6.56; 2.92-14.8Or), and three factors even more (RR 23.5; CI 8.67-63.8). Similar trends were observed in the analysis of job burnout components (exhaustion, cynicism and professional inadequacy). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that job burnout is also strongly associated with job stress in employees who do not have depressive or anxiety symptoms. As job burnout may precede clinical depression or reduce productivity and well-being at work, it is essential to perform surveys to monitor burnout symptoms among the workforce, and design interventions to prevent remarkable job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kainalainen
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Korhonen
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M A Penttinen
- Department of General Practice, University of Turku, Suomen Terveystalo, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Liira
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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232
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Borlee GI, Kinkel T, Broeckling B, Borlee BR, Mayo C, Mehaffy C. Upper-level inter-disciplinary microbiology CUREs increase student's scientific self-efficacy, scientific identity, and self-assessed skills. J Microbiol Biol Educ 2024; 25:e0014023. [PMID: 38661401 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00140-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in authentic research and generally increase the participation rate of students in research. Students' participation in research has a positive impact on their science identity and self-efficacy, both of which can predict integration of students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM), especially for underrepresented students. The main goal of this study was to investigate instructor-initiated CUREs implemented as upper-level elective courses in the Biomedical Sciences major. We hypothesized that these CUREs would (i) have a positive impact on students' scientific identity and self-efficacy and (ii) result in gains in students' self-assessed skills in laboratory science, research, and science communication. We used Likert-type surveys developed by Estrada et al. (14) under the Tripartite Integration Model of Social Influence to measure scientific identity, self-efficacy, and scientific value orientation. When data from all CUREs were combined, our results indicate that students' self-efficacy and science identity significantly increased after completion. Students' self-assessment of research and lab-related skills was significantly higher after completion of the CUREs. We also observed that prior to participation in the CUREs, students' self-assessment of molecular and bioinformatic skills was low, when compared with microbiological skills. This may indicate strengths and gaps in our curriculum that could be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace I Borlee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Traci Kinkel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bettina Broeckling
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley R Borlee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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233
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Schmidig FJ, Ruch S, Henke K. Episodic long-term memory formation during slow-wave sleep. eLife 2024; 12:RP89601. [PMID: 38661727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We are unresponsive during slow-wave sleep but continue monitoring external events for survival. Our brain wakens us when danger is imminent. If events are non-threatening, our brain might store them for later consideration to improve decision-making. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether novel vocabulary consisting of simultaneously played pseudowords and translation words are encoded/stored during sleep, and which neural-electrical events facilitate encoding/storage. An algorithm for brain-state-dependent stimulation selectively targeted word pairs to slow-wave peaks or troughs. Retrieval tests were given 12 and 36 hr later. These tests required decisions regarding the semantic category of previously sleep-played pseudowords. The sleep-played vocabulary influenced awake decision-making 36 hr later, if targeted to troughs. The words' linguistic processing raised neural complexity. The words' semantic-associative encoding was supported by increased theta power during the ensuing peak. Fast-spindle power ramped up during a second peak likely aiding consolidation. Hence, new vocabulary played during slow-wave sleep was stored and influenced decision-making days later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ruch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Henke
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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234
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Hongo M, Oshima F, Guan S, Takahashi T, Nitta Y, Seto M, Hull L, Mandy W, Ohtani T, Tamura M, Shimizu E. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the camouflaging autistic traits questionnaire. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 38661257 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the factor structure and determined the reliability and validity of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire-Japanese version (CAT-Q-J) among 204 autistic and 410 non-autistic people. Since a confirmatory factor analysis revealed no factor validity of the CAT-Q-J for both autistic and non-autistic adults, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to ensure the psychometric properties matched those of the original scale as much as possible. The results showed the CAT-Q-J comprised three subscales, a four-item compensation subscale, a five-item masking scale, and a five-item assimilation subscale. The overall CAT-Q-J and all three subscales showed sufficient internal consistency and moderate-to-good and stable test-retest reliability in both the autistic and non-autistic samples. Convergent validity was also supported by the correlations found with measures of autistic traits, well-being, anxiety, and depression. Different from the original CAT-Q, compensation/masking for the autistic sample was not correlated with mental health or autistic traits. The reliability and the validity of the overall CAT-Q-J were confirmed; however, caution should be exercised when interpreting its subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Hongo
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Oshima
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Siqing Guan
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Laureate Insutitute for Brain Research, Tulsa, USA
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nitta
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikuko Seto
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laura Hull
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Mandy
- Reserch Department for Clinial, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Toshiyuki Ohtani
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
- Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamura
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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235
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Raposo de Almeida E, van der Tuin S, Muller MK, van den Berg D, Wang YP, Veling W, Booij SH, Wigman JTW. The associations between daily reports of loneliness and psychotic experiences in the early risk stages for psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38661051 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM Bi-directional associations between loneliness and psychotic experiences (PEs) have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. This study aims to explore associations between daily reports of loneliness and PEs, and test differences in this association across young adult individuals at different levels of risk for psychosis. METHODS We analysed 90-day diary data on loneliness and PEs from N = 96 participants (mean age 24.7, range 18-35, 77% female) divided into 4 subgroups, each indexing increased levels of risk for psychosis according to the clinical staging model: 'psychometric' (n = 25), 'low' (n = 27), 'mild' (n = 24), and 'ultra-high'(n = 20) risk. Multilevel vector autoregressive models examined within-day (contemporaneous) and between-day (temporal) associations between loneliness and PEs for the total sample. Next, these associations were compared across subgroups. RESULTS Loneliness and PEs were significantly associated contemporaneously (partial correlation B = 0.14) but not temporally. Subgroup membership moderated both contemporaneous and temporal associations. The contemporaneous association between loneliness and PEs was stronger in the low-risk subgroup compared to the mild-risk (B = -0.35, p < .01) and ultra-high-risk (B = -0.36, p < .01) subgroups. The temporal association between loneliness on the previous day and PEs on the current day was stronger in mild-risk subgroup compared to the ultra-high-risk subgroup (B = -0.03, p = .03). After adjusting for multiple testing, only the contemporaneous-but not the temporal-associations remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is associated with PEs in individuals at risk for psychosis, particularly in those with low to mild symptoms. Our findings tentatively suggest that especially individuals with low expressions of PEs may be more sensitive to social context, but future studies are needed to replicate and further unravel the potentially stage-specific interplay between social context and PEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esdras Raposo de Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute & Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara van der Tuin
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel K Muller
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David van den Berg
- Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Institute & Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wim Veling
- University Center of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne H Booij
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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236
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Quan F, Huang J, Li H, Zhu W. Longitudinal relations between bullying victimization and aggression: The multiple mediation effects of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38655612 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bullying victimization is widely accepted to be associated with aggression. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. To examine the long-term impact of bullying victimization on aggression, the present study tested the potential mediating effects of both anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts. A total of 809 undergraduates from four universities across China (74.80% female; Mage = 19.63 years, SD = 0.82 years) completed the survey on three occasions, with a 6-month delay between Time 1 and Time 2 and a 1-year interval between Time 2 and Time 3. A cross-lagged model of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts was developed to test whether they predicted one another, and two structural models were constructed to test their mediating roles in bullying victimization and aggression. Findings indicated that anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts are mutually predictable; the correlation between bullying victimization and aggression is mediated independently by anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts, and the chain mediation of bullying victimization predicting aggression first through anger rumination and then through hostile automatic thinking was established. In addition, an alternative mediation model is also significant, with hostile automatic thoughts as the primary mediator and anger rumination as the secondary mediator. These results highlight the significance of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts in the long-term effects of bullying victimization on aggression. Interventions designed to reduce undergraduate students' anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts may help reduce their aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Quan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi University and College Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianjian Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Honghan Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi University and College Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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237
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Lund SB, Malmedal WK, Mosqueda L, Skolbekken JA. "Just pee in the diaper" - a constructivist grounded theory study of moral distress enabling neglect in nursing homes. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:366. [PMID: 38658812 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence shows that many nursing home residents' basic care needs are neglected, and residents do not receive qualitatively good care. This neglect challenges nursing staff´s professional and personal ideals and standards for care and may contribute to moral distress. The aim of this study was to investigate how nursing staff manage being a part of a neglectful work culture, based on the research question: "How do nursing home staff manage their moral distress related to neglectful care practices?" METHODS A qualitative design was chosen, guided by Charmaz´s constructivist grounded theory. The study was based on 10 individual interviews and five focus group discussions (30 participants in total) with nursing home staff working in 17 different nursing homes in Norway. RESULTS Nursing staff strive to manage their moral distress related to neglectful care practices in different ways: by favouring efficiency and tolerating neglect they adapt to and accept these care practices. By disengaging emotionally and retreating physically from care they avoid confronting morally distressing situations. These approaches may temporarily mitigate the moral distress of nursing staff, whilst also creating a staff-centred and self-protecting work culture enabling neglect in nursing homes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings represent a shift from a resident-centred to a staff-centred work culture, whereby the nursing staff use self-protecting strategies to make their workday manageable and liveable. This strongly indicates a compromise in the quality of care that enables the continuation of neglectful care practices in Norwegian nursing homes. Finding ways of breaking a downward spiralling quality of care are thus a major concern following our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Borgen Lund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, PO Box 8905, Norway.
| | - Wenche K Malmedal
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, PO Box 8905, Norway
| | - Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John-Arne Skolbekken
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, PO Box 8905, Norway
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238
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Balfe M. Key sociological concepts for medicine: medical conspiracy theories. J R Soc Med 2024:1410768241245590. [PMID: 38657093 DOI: 10.1177/01410768241245590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myles Balfe
- Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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239
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Buelow MT, Kowalsky JM, Okdie BM. Test-Retest Reliability of Common Behavioral Decision-Making Tasks: A Multi-Sample, Repeated Measures Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:378-382. [PMID: 38091413 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decision-making is responsible for the best and worst of human nature. The field of decision science has done much to elucidate the psychological process of decision-making, variables that affect decision-making, and outcomes of disadvantageous decision-making. However, understanding any psychological process requires creation of reliable measures. Few studies focus on the test-retest reliability of behavioral decision-making tasks despite their utility in repeated assessment batteries. METHOD The present study examined the extent to which common behavioral decision-making tasks are reliable across time. Across two samples and two time points, participants completed multiple decision-making assessments. RESULTS Results revealed moderate at best evidence of test-retest reliability across a 10-week interval in any of the tasks assessed. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise large questions for the field of behavioral decision-making and the utility for tasks to track changes in decision-making across time in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T Buelow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH 43055, USA
| | | | - Bradley M Okdie
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH 43055, USA
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240
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Namazi SA, Sadeghi S. The immediate impacts of TV programs on preschoolers' executive functions and attention: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:226. [PMID: 38659021 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has presented varying perspectives on the potential effect of screen media use among preschoolers. In this study, we systematically reviewed experimental studies that investigated how pacing and fantasy features of TV programs affect children's attention and executive functions (EFs). METHODS A systematic search was conducted across eight online databases to identify pertinent studies published until August 2023. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. RESULTS Fifteen papers involving 1855 participants aged 2-7 years fulfilled all the inclusion criteria for this review and were entered into the narrative synthesis. Despite the challenge of reaching general conclusions and encountering conflicting outcomes, a nuanced analysis reveals distinct patterns within various subgroups. The impact of pacing on attention is discernible, particularly in bottom-up attention processes, although the nature of this effect remains contradictory. Conversely, consistent findings emerge regarding top-down attention, suggesting any impact. Moreover, a subgroup analysis of different EF components yields valuable insights, highlighting the negative effect of fantasy on inhibitory control within the EF framework. CONCLUSION The complexity of these outcomes highlights the need for further research, considering factors such as content, child-specific characteristics, environmental factors, and methodological approaches. These findings collectively emphasize the necessity of conducting more comprehensive and detailed research, especially in terms of the underlying mechanisms and their impact on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arian Namazi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Sadeghi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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241
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Suchy Y, Simpson A, Mora MG, DesRuisseaux LA, Brothers SL, Mullen CM. Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J): Construct, Criterion, and Incremental Validity in a Community Sample of Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:355-366. [PMID: 38097261 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) is a stand-alone judgment measure that is considered to tap into aspects of executive functioning (EF) and inform clinical predictions of daily functioning in older adults. Past validation research is variable and has some limitations. The present study sought to examine the reliability and construct, criterion, and incremental validities of scores on TOP-J 9-item version (TOP-J/9). METHOD Participants were 95 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 85. Participants completed TOP-J/9, measures of EF and global cognition, and three different modalities of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (self-report, performance-based tasks conducted in the laboratory, and performance-based tasks completed at home over 3 weeks). RESULTS TOP-J/9 scores showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.73) after correcting for the low number of items. TOP-J/9 was correlated with global cognition and EF, although EF did not survive correction for lower-order processes. Finally, although TOP-J/9 scores were associated with home-based IADL tasks (but not with self-report and laboratory-based IADLs), providing some evidence of criterion validity, they did not incrementally contribute to home-based IADL performance beyond other cognitive measures. However, when two items pertaining to social/ethical judgment were removed, this modified version of TOP-J did relate to EF beyond lower-order processes and contributed uniquely to prediction of home-based IADLs beyond other measures. CONCLUSION Results suggest that TOP-J/9 taps into global cognitive status (but not necessarily EF) and predicts "real-world" functioning (but not above and beyond other cognitive measures). TOP-J psychometrics may be improved by removing two social/ethical items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Austin Simpson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christine M Mullen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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242
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O'Neill S, O'Donnell GM. Identifying autistic children: Priorities for research arising from a systematic review of parents' experiences of the assessment process. Autism 2024:13623613241243107. [PMID: 38659201 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241243107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Hearing about parents' experiences of having their child recognised as autistic could help improve the supports offered to parents. Our article may also help guide future research on this topic. We made a list of the type of research that interested us. We searched the studies already completed, only studying the research that matched our interests. After reading the studies, we rated their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.It became clear that parents went through four phases during the identification process. The first phase occurred before their child was identified as autistic. The second involved the actual assessment of their child. Parents' emotional reactions to the news were the focus of the third phase. The final phase occurred after their child was identified as autistic. We discuss the findings of our research. As there are sensitivities involved in conducting research on this topic, we identify how researchers can ensure that their research is of the best quality. We are committed to respecting the human rights of all involved, so we emphasise the need for professionals to develop good relationships with the parents of autistic children. Researchers have recently come to see autism as typical of human diversity. We encourage the professionals involved to adopt this understanding of autistic children and make practical suggestions to enable them to do so.
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243
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Chassin L, Sher KJ. Understanding alcohol use and alcohol use disorders from a developmental psychopathology perspective: Research advances, challenges, and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38655739 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
As part of the special issue of Development and Psychopathology honoring the remarkable contributions of Dr Dante Cicchetti, the current paper attempts to describe the recent contributions that a developmental psychopathology perspective has made in understanding the development of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems over the lifespan. The paper also identifies some of the future challenges and research directions. Because the scope of this task far exceeds the confines of a journal length article this paper does not attempt a comprehensive review. Rather, it builds on an earlier review and commentary that was published in Development and Psychopathology in 2013, with a similar goal.)Building on that work and updating its conclusions and suggestions for future directions, the current paper emphasizes findings from the research areas that were identified for further study in 2013 and the findings that have been published since that time.
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244
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Li L, Zhang Y, Fan M, Cao B. Sleep and mental health among Chinese adolescents: the chain-mediating role of physical health perception and school adjustment. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:228. [PMID: 38659039 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep problems and their detrimental effects on adolescents' physical and mental health have received substantial attention. Prior studies have focused mainly on the direct association between sleep and mental health; however, little is known about the underlying mediating mechanism. To address this gap, the present study constructed a chain mediation model to examine the association between sleep deficiency and mental health status in adolescents, by introducing two mediating variables-physical health perception and school adjustment. METHODS A sample of 7530 senior high school students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring their sleep duration, mental health status, physical health perception, and school adjustment. Data were collected from the Database of Youth Health at Shandong University. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and the SPSS PROCESS. RESULTS The results were as follows: (1) Sleep duration was significantly associated with physical health perception and mental health. (2) Physical health perception partially mediated the association between sleep and mental health. (3) Physical health perception and school adjustment played a chain mediating role between sleep and mental health. In conclusion, sleep not only directly associated with mental health among adolescents, but also influences mental health by the chain mediating effect of perception of physical health and school adjustment. CONCLUSION These findings in the present study contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the association between sleep and mental health and have important implications for interventions aimed at improving mental health status among adolescents in China. Our results indicated that promoting adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are possible key mental health promotion strategies for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, 366 Tianxing Road, 404120, Wanzhou, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, 366 Tianxing Road, 404120, Wanzhou, Chongqing, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, P. R. China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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245
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Goulter N, Amin-Esmaeili M, Susukida R, Kush JM, Godwin J, Masyn K, McMahon RJ, Eddy JM, Ialongo NS, Tolan PH, Wilcox HC, Musci RJ. Impulsivity profiles across five harmonized longitudinal childhood preventive interventions and associations with adult outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38654407 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to parse between-person heterogeneity in growth of impulsivity across childhood and adolescence among participants enrolled in five childhood preventive intervention trials targeting conduct problems. In addition, we aimed to test profile membership in relation to adult psychopathologies. Measurement items representing impulsive behavior across grades 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10, and aggression, substance use, suicidal ideation/attempts, and anxiety/depression in adulthood were integrated from the five trials (N = 4,975). We applied latent class growth analysis to this sample, as well as samples separated into nonintervention (n = 2,492) and intervention (n = 2,483) participants. Across all samples, profiles were characterized by high, moderate, low, and low-increasing impulsive levels. Regarding adult outcomes, in all samples, the high, moderate, and low profiles endorsed greater levels of aggression compared to the low-increasing profile. There were nuanced differences across samples and profiles on suicidal ideation/attempts and anxiety/depression. Across samples, there were no significant differences between profiles on substance use. Overall, our study helps to inform understanding of the developmental course and prognosis of impulsivity, as well as adding to collaborative efforts linking data across multiple studies to better inform understanding of developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J McMahon
- Simon Fraser University, Canada & BC Children's Hospital, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - J Mark Eddy
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Meier T, Mehl MR, Martin M, Horn AB. When I am sixty-four… evaluating language markers of well-being in healthy aging narratives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302103. [PMID: 38656961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural language use is a promising candidate for the development of innovative measures of well-being to complement self-report measures. The type of words individuals use can reveal important psychological processes that underlie well-being across the lifespan. In this preregistered, cross-sectional study, we propose a conceptual model of language markers of well-being and use written narratives about healthy aging (N = 701) and computerized text analysis (LIWC) to empirically validate the model. As hypothesized, we identified a model with three groups of language markers (reflecting affective, evaluative, and social processes). Initial validation with established self-report scales (N = 30 subscales) showed that these language markers reliably predict core components of well-being and underlying processes. Our results support the concurrent validity of the conceptual language model and allude to the added benefits of language-based measures, which are thought to reflect less conscious processes of well-being. Future research is needed to continue validating language markers of well-being across the lifespan in a theoretically informed and contextualized way, which will lay the foundation for inferring people's well-being from their natural language use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mike Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Gerontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Andrea B Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Healthy Longevity Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Gerontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Saldías O'Hrens M, Castro C, Espinoza VM, Stoney J, Quezada C, Laukkanen AM. Spectral features related to the auditory perception of twang-like voices. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38656176 DOI: 10.1080/14015439.2024.2345373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, studies on the relationship between spectral energy distribution and the degree of perceived twang-like voices are still sparse. Through an auditory-perceptual test we aimed to explore the spectral features that may relate with the auditory-perception of twang-like voices. METHODS Ten judges who were blind to the test's tasks and stimuli rated the amount of twang perceived on seventy-six audio samples. The stimuli consisted of twenty voices recorded from eight CCM singers who sustained the vowel [a:] in different pitches, with and without a twang-like voice. Also, forty filtered and sixteen synthesized-manipulated stimuli were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on the intra-rater reliability scores, four judges were identified as suitable to be included in the analyses. Results showed that the frequency of F1 and F2 correlated strongly with the auditory-perception of twang-like voices (0.90 and 0.74, respectively), whereas F3 showed a moderate negative correlation (-0.52). The frequency difference between F1 and F3 showed a strong negative correlation (-0.82). The mean energy between 1-2 kHz and 2-3 kHz correlated moderately (0.51 and 0.42, respectively). The frequency of F4 and F5, and the energy above 3 kHz showed weak correlations. Since the spectral changes under 2 kHz have been associated with the jaw, lips, and tongue adjustments (i.e. vowel articulation) and a higher vertical laryngeal position might affect the frequency of all formants (including F1 and F2), our results suggest that vowel articulation and the laryngeal height may be relevant when performing twang-like voices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Castro
- Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department Speech and Language Pathology, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- PhD Program in Health Sciences and Engineering, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Justin Stoney
- New York Vocal Coaching Studio Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camilo Quezada
- Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne-Maria Laukkanen
- Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Nicolas S, Dohm-Hansen S, Lavelle A, Bastiaanssen TFS, English JA, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Exercise mitigates a gut microbiota-mediated reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and associated behaviours in rats. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38658547 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially exercise, impact the manifestation and progression of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Alzheimer's disease, mediated by changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity. The beneficial effects of exercise may be due to its promotion of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Gut microbiota has also been showed to be altered in a variety of brain disorders, and disturbances of the microbiota have resulted in alterations in brain and behaviour. However, whether exercise can counteract the negative effects of altered gut microbiota on brain function remains under explored. To this end, chronic disruption of the gut microbiota was achieved using an antibiotic cocktail in rats that were sedentary or allowed voluntary access to running wheels. Sedentary rats with disrupted microbiota displayed impaired performance in hippocampal neurogenesis-dependent tasks: the modified spontaneous location recognition task and the novelty suppressed feeding test. Performance in the elevated plus maze was also impaired due to antibiotics treatment. These behaviours, and an antibiotics-induced reduction in AHN were attenuated by voluntary exercise. The effects were independent of changes in the hippocampal metabolome but were paralleled by caecal metabolomic changes. Taken together these data highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in AHN-dependent behaviours and demonstrate the power of lifestyle factors such as voluntary exercise to attenuate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Dohm-Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Bégin V, Vergunst F, Haeck C, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Côté SM, Fontaine NMG. Childhood behavior problems and adverse economic outcomes: a 30-year population-based study of intergenerational income mobility. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38659297 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the associations between early behavioral problems and intergenerational income mobility (i.e., the degree to which income status is transmitted from one generation to the next), (b) verify whether these associations are moderated by child sex, and (c) explore indirect effects of early behavioral problems on income mobility via high school graduation. METHODS Data were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 3,020; 49.17% girls). Participants were followed from age 6 to 37 years. Measures included parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems at age 6 years as well as participants' (ages 30-35 years) and their parents' (when participants were aged 10-19 years) income data obtained from tax return records. Regression models were used to predict upward and downward mobility (i.e., increased or decreased income status from one generation to the next) from attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems, depression/anxiety problems, prosociality, and the quality of children's relationship with their caregiver. Two-way interaction effects between behavioral problems and child sex were examined and indirect effect models including high school graduation as a mediator of these associations were conducted. RESULTS Despite their higher educational attainment, females had lower incomes and experienced lower upward (but higher downward) income mobility than males. For both females and males, higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and conduct/opposition problems were associated with decreased odds of upward mobility, whereas higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity were associated with increased odds of downward mobility. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems as well as low prosociality were associated with lower educational attainment (no high school diploma), which in turn was associated with increased odds of downward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of providing intensive support to children with early behavioral problems as a means of improving educational attainment and intergenerational income mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bégin
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Group for Research and Intervention on Children's Social Adjustment, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Haeck
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Group on Human Capital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Economics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie M G Fontaine
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Montreal, QC, Canada
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250
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Chen W, Liang J, Qiu X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Shangguan W, Zhang C, Wu W. Differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and cognitive function between untreated major depressive disorder and schizophrenia with depressive mood patients. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:313. [PMID: 38658896 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing untreated major depressive disorder without medication (MDD) from schizophrenia with depressed mood (SZDM) poses a clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and cognition in untreated MDD and SZDM patients. METHODS The study included 42 untreated MDD cases, 30 SZDM patients, and 46 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive assessment utilized the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were conducted, and data were processed using fALFF in slow-4 and slow-5 bands. RESULTS Significant fALFF changes were observed in four brain regions across MDD, SZDM, and HC groups for both slow-4 and slow-5 fALFF. Compared to SZDM, the MDD group showed increased slow-5 fALFF in the right gyrus rectus (RGR). Relative to HC, SZDM exhibited decreased slow-5 fALFF in the left gyrus rectus (LGR) and increased slow-5 fALFF in the right putamen. Changes in slow-5 fALFF in both RGR and LGR were negatively correlated with RBANS scores. No significant correlations were found between remaining fALFF (slow-4 and slow-5 bands) and RBANS scores in MDD or SZDM groups. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in slow-5 fALFF in RGR may serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing MDD from SZDM, providing preliminary insights into the neural mechanisms of cognitive function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangna Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqiao Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbo Shangguan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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