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Moldovan L, Barnard A, Gil CH, Lin Y, Grant MB, Yoder MC, Prasain N, Moldovan NI. iPSC-Derived Vascular Cell Spheroids as Building Blocks for Scaffold-Free Biofabrication. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 29030959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a protocol is established to obtain large quantities of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived endothelial progenitors, called endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC), and of candidate smooth-muscle forming cells (SMFC). Here, the suitability for assembling in spheroids, and in larger 3D cell constructs is tested. iPSC-derived ECFC and SMFC are labeled with tdTomato and eGFP, respectively. Spheroids are formed in ultra-low adhesive wells, and their dynamic proprieties are studied by time-lapse microscopy, or by confocal microscopy. Spheroids are also tested for fusion ability either in the wells, or assembled on the Regenova 3D bioprinter which laces them in stainless steel micro-needles (the "Kenzan" method). It is found that both ECFC and SMFC formed spheroids in about 24 h. Fluorescence monitoring indicated a continuous compaction of ECFC spheroids, but stabilization in those prepared from SMFC. In mixed spheroids, the cell distribution changed continuously, with ECFC relocating to the core, and showing pre-vascular organization. All spheroids have the ability of in-well fusion, but only those containing SMFC are robust enough to sustain assembling in tubular structures. In these constructs a layered distribution of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells and extracellular matrix deposition is found. In conclusion, iPSC-derived vascular cell spheroids represent a promising new cellular material for scaffold-free biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Moldovan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - April Barnard
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nutan Prasain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicanor I Moldovan
- 3D Bioprinting Core Facility at IUSM/IUPUI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI School of Engineering and Technology, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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202
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Barner-Kowollik C, Bastmeyer M, Blasco E, Delaittre G, Müller P, Richter B, Wegener M. 3D-Laser-Mikro-Nanodruck: Herausforderungen für die Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology, QUT; 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4001 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für funktionelle Grenzflächen, IFG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, ITG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, APH; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Nanoscribe GmbH; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, APH; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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203
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Daly AC, Freeman FE, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Critchley SE, Nulty J, Kelly DJ. 3D Bioprinting for Cartilage and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28804984 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the field of cartilage and bone tissue engineering over the last two decades. As a result, there is real promise that strategies to regenerate rather than replace damaged or diseased bones and joints will one day reach the clinic however, a number of major challenges must still be addressed before this becomes a reality. These include vascularization in the context of large bone defect repair, engineering complex gradients for bone-soft tissue interface regeneration and recapitulating the stratified zonal architecture present in many adult tissues such as articular cartilage. Tissue engineered constructs typically lack such spatial complexity in cell types and tissue organization, which may explain their relatively limited success to date. This has led to increased interest in bioprinting technologies in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. The additive, layer by layer nature of such biofabrication strategies makes it possible to generate zonal distributions of cells, matrix and bioactive cues in 3D. The adoption of biofabrication technology in musculoskeletal tissue engineering may therefore make it possible to produce the next generation of biological implants capable of treating a range of conditions. Here, advances in bioprinting for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Daly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Susan E. Critchley
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jessica Nulty
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Center for Bioengineering; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Center (AMBER); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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204
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Valentin TM, Leggett SE, Chen PY, Sodhi JK, Stephens LH, McClintock HD, Sim JY, Wong IY. Stereolithographic printing of ionically-crosslinked alginate hydrogels for degradable biomaterials and microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3474-3488. [PMID: 28906525 PMCID: PMC5636682 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
3D printed biomaterials with spatial and temporal functionality could enable interfacial manipulation of fluid flows and motile cells. However, such dynamic biomaterials are challenging to implement since they must be responsive to multiple, biocompatible stimuli. Here, we show stereolithographic printing of hydrogels using noncovalent (ionic) crosslinking, which enables reversible patterning with controlled degradation. We demonstrate this approach using sodium alginate, photoacid generators and various combinations of divalent cation salts, which can be used to tune the hydrogel degradation kinetics, pattern fidelity, and mechanical properties. This approach is first utilized to template perfusable microfluidic channels within a second encapsulating hydrogel for T-junction and gradient devices. The presence and degradation of printed alginate microstructures were further verified to have minimal toxicity on epithelial cells. Degradable alginate barriers were used to direct collective cell migration from different initial geometries, revealing differences in front speed and leader cell formation. Overall, this demonstration of light-based 3D printing using non-covalent crosslinking may enable adaptive and stimuli-responsive biomaterials, which could be utilized for bio-inspired sensing, actuation, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Valentin
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Molecular & Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Box D, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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205
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Dubbin K, Tabet A, Heilshorn SC. Quantitative criteria to benchmark new and existing bio-inks for cell compatibility. Biofabrication 2017; 9:044102. [PMID: 28812982 PMCID: PMC5811195 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in 3D bioprinting have led to the fabrication of more complex, more precise, and larger printed tissue constructs. As the field continues to advance, it is critical to develop quantitative benchmarks to compare different bio-inks for key cell-biomaterial interactions, including (1) cell sedimentation within the ink cartridge, (2) cell viability during extrusion, and (3) cell viability after ink curing. Here we develop three simple protocols for quantitative analysis of bio-ink performance. These methods are used to benchmark the performance of two commonly used bio-inks, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), against three formulations of a novel bio-ink, Recombinant-protein Alginate Platform for Injectable Dual-crosslinked ink (RAPID ink). RAPID inks undergo peptide-self-assembly to form weak, shear-thinning gels in the ink cartridge and undergo electrostatic crosslinking with divalent cations during curing. In the one hour cell sedimentation assay, GelMA, the RAPID inks, and PEGDA with xanthan gum prevented appreciable cell sedimentation, while PEGDA alone or PEGDA with alginate experienced significant cell settling. To quantify cell viability during printing, 3T3 fibroblasts were printed at a constant flow rate of 75 μl min-1 and immediately tested for cell membrane integrity. Less than 10% of cells were damaged using the PEGDA and GelMA bio-inks, while less than 4% of cells were damaged using the RAPID inks. Finally, to evaluate cell viability after curing, cells were exposed to ink-specific curing conditions for five minutes and tested for membrane integrity. After exposure to light with photoinitiator at ambient conditions, over 50% of cells near the edges of printed PEGDA and GelMA droplets were damaged. In contrast, fewer than 20% of cells found near the edges of RAPID inks were damaged after a 5 min exposure to curing in a 10 mM CaCl2 solution. As new bio-inks continue to be developed, these protocols offer a convenient means to quantitatively benchmark their performance against existing inks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - SC Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305
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206
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Mandrycky C, Phong K, Zheng Y. Tissue engineering toward organ-specific regeneration and disease modeling. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 7:332-347. [PMID: 29750131 PMCID: PMC5939579 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has been recognized as a translational approach to replace damaged tissue or whole organs. Engineering tissue, however, faces an outstanding knowledge gap in the challenge to fully recapitulate complex organ-specific features. Major components, such as cells, matrix, and architecture, must each be carefully controlled to engineer tissue-specific structure and function that mimics what is found in vivo. Here we review different methods to engineer tissue, and discuss critical challenges in recapitulating the unique features and functional units in four major organs-the kidney, liver, heart, and lung, which are also the top four candidates for organ transplantation in the USA. We highlight advances in tissue engineering approaches to enable the regeneration of complex tissue and organ substitutes, and provide tissue-specific models for drug testing and disease modeling. We discuss the current challenges and future perspectives toward engineering human tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mandrycky
- Departments of Bioengineering, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kiet Phong
- Departments of Bioengineering, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Departments of Bioengineering, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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207
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Ouyang X, Zhang K, Wu J, Wong DSH, Feng Q, Bian L, Zhang AP. Optical µ-Printing of Cellular-Scale Microscaffold Arrays for 3D Cell Culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8880. [PMID: 28827528 PMCID: PMC5566436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guiding cell culture via engineering extracellular microenvironment has attracted tremendous attention due to its appealing potentials in the repair, maintenance, and development of tissues or even whole organs. However, conventional biofabrication technologies are usually less productive in fabricating microscale three-dimensional (3D) constructs because of the strident requirements in processing precision and complexity. Here we present an optical µ-printing technology to rapidly fabricate 3D microscaffold arrays for 3D cell culture and cell-scaffold interaction studies on a single chip. Arrays of 3D cubic microscaffolds with cubical sizes matching the single-cell size were fabricated to facilitate cell spreading on suspended microbeams so as to expose both apical and basal cell membranes. We further showed that the increasing of the cubical size of the microscaffolds led to enhanced spreading of the seeded human mesenchymal stem cells and activation of mechanosensing signaling, thereby promoting osteogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the spatially selective modification of the surfaces of suspended beams with a bioactive coating (gelatin methacrylate) via an in-situ printing process allowed tailorable cell adhesion and spreading on the 3D microscaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ouyang
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jushuai Wu
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dexter Siu-Hong Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - A Ping Zhang
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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208
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Skardal A, Murphy SV, Devarasetty M, Mead I, Kang HW, Seol YJ, Shrike Zhang Y, Shin SR, Zhao L, Aleman J, Hall AR, Shupe TD, Kleensang A, Dokmeci MR, Jin Lee S, Jackson JD, Yoo JJ, Hartung T, Khademhosseini A, Soker S, Bishop CE, Atala A. Multi-tissue interactions in an integrated three-tissue organ-on-a-chip platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8837. [PMID: 28821762 PMCID: PMC5562747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drugs have progressed through preclinical and clinical trials and have been available - for years in some cases - before being recalled by the FDA for unanticipated toxicity in humans. One reason for such poor translation from drug candidate to successful use is a lack of model systems that accurately recapitulate normal tissue function of human organs and their response to drug compounds. Moreover, tissues in the body do not exist in isolation, but reside in a highly integrated and dynamically interactive environment, in which actions in one tissue can affect other downstream tissues. Few engineered model systems, including the growing variety of organoid and organ-on-a-chip platforms, have so far reflected the interactive nature of the human body. To address this challenge, we have developed an assortment of bioengineered tissue organoids and tissue constructs that are integrated in a closed circulatory perfusion system, facilitating inter-organ responses. We describe a three-tissue organ-on-a-chip system, comprised of liver, heart, and lung, and highlight examples of inter-organ responses to drug administration. We observe drug responses that depend on inter-tissue interaction, illustrating the value of multiple tissue integration for in vitro study of both the efficacy of and side effects associated with candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mahesh Devarasetty
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ivy Mead
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Kang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Young-Joon Seol
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Su-Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam R Hall
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas D Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John D Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Steinbeis CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr 10, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Colin E Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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209
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Kankala RK, Zhu K, Li J, Wang CS, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Fabrication of arbitrary 3D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032002. [PMID: 28770811 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of tissue-/organ-like structures at arbitrary geometries by mimicking the properties of the complex material offers enormous interest to the research and clinical applicability in cardiovascular diseases. Patient-specific, durable, and realistic three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models for anatomic consideration have been developed for education, pro-surgery planning, and intra-surgery guidance. In cardiac tissue engineering (TE), 3D printing technology is the most convenient and efficient microfabrication method to create biomimetic cardiovascular tissue for the potential in vivo implantation. Although booming rapidly, this technology is still in its infancy. Herein, we provide an emphasis on the application of this technology in clinical practices, micro- and nanoscale fabrications by cardiac TE. Initially, we will give an overview on the fabrication methods that can be used to synthesize the arbitrary 3D components with controlled features and will subsequently highlight the current limitations and future perspective of 3D printing used for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
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210
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Kyle S, Jessop ZM, Al-Sabah A, Whitaker IS. 'Printability' of Candidate Biomaterials for Extrusion Based 3D Printing: State-of-the-Art. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28558161 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has been highlighted as one of the UK's 8 'Great Technologies' with the potential to revolutionize patient care in the 21st Century. Over the last decade, the concept of '3D bioprinting' has emerged, which allows the precise deposition of cell laden bioinks with the aim of engineering complex, functional tissues. For 3D printing to be used clinically, there is the need to produce advanced functional biomaterials, a new generation of bioinks with suitable cell culture and high shape/print fidelity, to match or exceed the physical, chemical and biological properties of human tissue. With the rapid increase in knowledge associated with biomaterials, cell-scaffold interactions and the ability to biofunctionalize/decorate bioinks with cell recognition sequences, it is important to keep in mind the 'printability' of these novel materials. In this illustrated review, we define and refine the concept of 'printability' and review seminal and contemporary studies to highlight the current 'state of play' in the field with a focus on bioink composition and concentration, manipulation of nozzle parameters and rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Kyle
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group (ReconRegen); Institute of Life Sciences; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea SA2 8PP UK
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery; Morriston Hospital; Swansea SA6 6NL UK
| | - Zita M. Jessop
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group (ReconRegen); Institute of Life Sciences; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea SA2 8PP UK
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery; Morriston Hospital; Swansea SA6 6NL UK
| | - Ayesha Al-Sabah
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group (ReconRegen); Institute of Life Sciences; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea SA2 8PP UK
| | - Iain S. Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group (ReconRegen); Institute of Life Sciences; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea SA2 8PP UK
- The Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery; Morriston Hospital; Swansea SA6 6NL UK
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211
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Del Valle LJ, Díaz A, Puiggalí J. Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Cellulose, Chitosan, and Protein/Peptide Derivatives. Gels 2017; 3:E27. [PMID: 30920524 PMCID: PMC6318613 DOI: 10.3390/gels3030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels based on polysaccharide and protein natural polymers are of great interest in biomedical applications and more specifically for tissue regeneration and drug delivery. Cellulose, chitosan (a chitin derivative), and collagen are probably the most important components since they are the most abundant natural polymers on earth (cellulose and chitin) and in the human body (collagen). Peptides also merit attention because their self-assembling properties mimic the proteins that are present in the extracellular matrix. The present review is mainly focused on explaining the recent advances on hydrogels derived from the indicated polymers or their combinations. Attention has also been paid to the development of hydrogels for innovative biomedical uses. Therefore, smart materials displaying stimuli responsiveness and having shape memory properties are considered. The use of micro- and nanogels for drug delivery applications is also discussed, as well as the high potential of protein-based hydrogels in the production of bioactive matrices with recognition ability (molecular imprinting). Finally, mention is also given to the development of 3D bioprinting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Angélica Díaz
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
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212
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Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, del Campo A. 3D bioprinting of structural proteins. Biomaterials 2017; 134:180-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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213
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Maurmann N, Pereira DP, Burguez D, de S Pereira FDA, Inforçatti Neto P, Rezende RA, Gamba D, da Silva JVL, Pranke P. Mesenchymal stem cells cultivated on scaffolds formed by 3D printed PCL matrices, coated with PLGA electrospun nanofibers for use in tissue engineering. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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214
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Mozetic P, Giannitelli SM, Gori M, Trombetta M, Rainer A. Engineering muscle cell alignment through 3D bioprinting. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2582-2588. [PMID: 28544472 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Processing of hydrogels represents a main challenge for the prospective application of additive manufacturing (AM) to soft tissue engineering. Furthermore, direct manufacturing of tissue precursors with a cell density similar to native tissues has the potential to overcome the extensive in vitro culture required for conventional cell-seeded scaffolds seeking to fabricate constructs with tailored structural and functional properties. In this work, we present a simple AM methodology that exploits the thermoresponsive behavior of a block copolymer (Pluronic® ) as a means to obtain good shape retention at physiological conditions and to induce cellular alignment. Pluronic/alginate blends have been investigated as a model system for the processing of C2C12 murine myoblast cell line. Interestingly, C2C12 cell model demonstrated cell alignment along the deposition direction, potentially representing a new avenue to tailor the resulting cell histoarchitecture during AM process. Furthermore, the fabricated constructs exhibited high cell viability, as well as a significantly improved expression of myogenic genes vs. conventional 2D cultures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2582-2588, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mozetic
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Manuele Gori
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Italy
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215
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Tsai KJ, Dixon S, Hale LR, Darbyshire A, Martin D, de Mel A. Biomimetic heterogenous elastic tissue development. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:16. [PMID: 29302352 PMCID: PMC5678008 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for artificial tissue to address current limitations with donor organs and problems with donor site morbidity. Despite the success with sophisticated tissue engineering endeavours, which employ cells as building blocks, they are limited to dedicated labs suitable for cell culture, with associated high costs and long tissue maturation times before available for clinical use. Direct 3D printing presents rapid, bespoke, acellular solutions for skull and bone repair or replacement, and can potentially address the need for elastic tissue, which is a major constituent of smooth muscle, cartilage, ligaments and connective tissue that support organs. Thermoplastic polyurethanes are one of the most versatile elastomeric polymers. Their segmented block copolymeric nature, comprising of hard and soft segments allows for an almost limitless potential to control physical properties and mechanical behaviour. Here we show direct 3D printing of biocompatible thermoplastic polyurethanes with Fused Deposition Modelling, with a view to presenting cell independent in-situ tissue substitutes. This method can expeditiously and economically produce heterogenous, biomimetic elastic tissue substitutes with controlled porosity to potentially facilitate vascularisation. The flexibility of this application is shown here with tubular constructs as exemplars. We demonstrate how these 3D printed constructs can be post-processed to incorporate bioactive molecules. This efficacious strategy, when combined with the privileges of digital healthcare, can be used to produce bespoke elastic tissue substitutes in-situ, independent of extensive cell culture and may be developed as a point-of-care therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jen Tsai
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke Richard Hale
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arnold Darbyshire
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- The Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, Univeristy College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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216
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Cornelissen DJ, Faulkner-Jones A, Shu W. Current developments in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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217
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Ning L, Chen X. A brief review of extrusion-based tissue scaffold bio-printing. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28544779 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion-based bio-printing has great potential as a technique for manipulating biomaterials and living cells to create three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for damaged tissue repair and function restoration. Over the last two decades, advances in both engineering techniques and life sciences have evolved extrusion-based bio-printing from a simple technique to one able to create diverse tissue scaffolds from a wide range of biomaterials and cell types. However, the complexities associated with synthesis of materials for bio-printing and manipulation of multiple materials and cells in bio-printing pose many challenges for scaffold fabrication. This paper presents an overview of extrusion-based bio-printing for scaffold fabrication, focusing on the prior-printing considerations (such as scaffold design and materials/cell synthesis), working principles, comparison to other techniques, and to-date achievements. This paper also briefly reviews the recent development of strategies with regard to hydrogel synthesis, multi-materials/cells manipulation, and process-induced cell damage in extrusion-based bio-printing. The key issue and challenges for extrusion-based bio-printing are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future, aimed at developing novel biomaterials and bio-printing systems, creating patterned vascular networks within scaffolds, and preserving the cell viability and functions in scaffold bio-printing. The address of these challenges will significantly enhance the capability of extrusion-based bio-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Ning
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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218
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Kidney development and perspectives for organ engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:171-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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219
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Hakam MS, Imani R, Abolfathi N, Fakhrzadeh H, Sharifi AM. Evaluation of fibrin-gelatin hydrogel as biopaper for application in skin bioprinting: An in-vitro study. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 27:669-682. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-161617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadjad Hakam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabiollah Abolfathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fakhrzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG) & Research, National Orthopedic Centre of Excellence in Research & Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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220
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Forrestal DP, Klein TJ, Woodruff MA. Challenges in engineering large customized bone constructs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1129-1139. [PMID: 27858993 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to treat large tissue defects with customized, patient-specific scaffolds is one of the most exciting applications in the tissue engineering field. While an increasing number of modestly sized tissue engineering solutions are making the transition to clinical use, successfully scaling up to large scaffolds with customized geometry is proving to be a considerable challenge. Managing often conflicting requirements of cell placement, structural integrity, and a hydrodynamic environment supportive of cell culture throughout the entire thickness of the scaffold has driven the continued development of many techniques used in the production, culturing, and characterization of these scaffolds. This review explores a range of technologies and methods relevant to the design and manufacture of large, anatomically accurate tissue-engineered scaffolds with a focus on the interaction of manufactured scaffolds with the dynamic tissue culture fluid environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1129-1139. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Forrestal
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Travis J Klein
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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221
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Richter B, Hahn V, Bertels S, Claus TK, Wegener M, Delaittre G, Barner-Kowollik C, Bastmeyer M. Guiding Cell Attachment in 3D Microscaffolds Selectively Functionalized with Two Distinct Adhesion Proteins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604342. [PMID: 27882610 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The combination of three different photoresists into a single direct laser written 3D microscaffold permits functionalization with two bioactive full-length proteins. The cell-instructive microscaffolds consist of a passivating framework equipped with light activatable constituents featuring distinct protein-binding properties. This allows directed cell attachment of epithelial or fibroblast cells in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Richter
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vincent Hahn
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tanja K Claus
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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222
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A Comprehensive Systematic Study on Thermoresponsive Gels: Beyond the Common Architectures of Linear Terpolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9010031. [PMID: 30970709 PMCID: PMC6432086 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, seven thermoresponsive methacrylate terpolymers with the same molar mass (MM) and composition but various architectures were successfully synthesized using group transfer polymerization (GTP). These terpolymers were based on tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (TEGMA, A unit), n-butyl methacrylate (BuMA, B unit), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA, C unit). Along with the more common ABC, ACB, BAC, and statistical architectures, three diblock terpolymers were also synthesized and investigated for the first time, namely (AB)C, A(BC), and B(AC); where the units in the brackets are randomly copolymerized. Two BC diblock copolymers were also synthesized for comparison. Their hydrodynamic diameters and their effective pKas were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and hydrogen ion titrations, respectively. The self-assembly behavior of the copolymers was also visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both dilute and concentrated aqueous copolymer solutions were extensively studied by visual tests and their cloud points (CP) and gel points were determined. It is proven that the aqueous solution properties of the copolymers, with specific interest in their thermoresponsive properties, are influenced by the architecture, with the ABC and A(BC) ones to show clear sol-gel transition.
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223
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Moldovan NI, Hibino N, Nakayama K. Principles of the Kenzan Method for Robotic Cell Spheroid-Based Three-Dimensional Bioprinting<sup/>. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:237-244. [PMID: 27917703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a technology with the prospect to change the way many diseases are treated, by replacing the damaged tissues with live de novo created biosimilar constructs. However, after more than a decade of incubation and many proofs of concept, the field is still in its infancy. The current stagnation is the consequence of its early success: the first bioprinters, and most of those that followed, were modified versions of the three-dimensional printers used in additive manufacturing, redesigned for layer-by-layer dispersion of biomaterials. In all variants (inkjet, microextrusion, or laser assisted), this approach is material ("scaffold") dependent and energy intensive, making it hardly compatible with some of the intended biological applications. Instead, the future of bioprinting may benefit from the use of gentler scaffold-free bioassembling methods. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated, indicating this is possible by use of preformed cell spheroids, which have been assembled in cartilage, bone, and cardiac muscle-like constructs. However, a commercial instrument capable to directly and precisely "print" spheroids has not been available until the invention of the microneedles-based ("Kenzan") spheroid assembling and the launching in Japan of a bioprinter based on this method. This robotic platform laces spheroids into predesigned contiguous structures with micron-level precision, using stainless steel microneedles ("kenzans") as temporary support. These constructs are further cultivated until the spheroids fuse into cellular aggregates and synthesize their own extracellular matrix, thus attaining the needed structural organization and robustness. This novel technology opens wide opportunities for bioengineering of tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor I Moldovan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana.,2 Department of Ophthalmology, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- 3 Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- 4 Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University , Japan
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224
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High-resolution 3D Bioprinting System for Fabricating Cell-laden Hydrogel Scaffolds with High Cellular Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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225
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Zhang YS, Yue K, Aleman J, Moghaddam KM, Bakht SM, Yang J, Jia W, Dell’Erba V, Assawes P, Shin SR, Dokmeci MR, Oklu R, Khademhosseini A. 3D Bioprinting for Tissue and Organ Fabrication. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:148-163. [PMID: 27126775 PMCID: PMC5085899 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has progressed tremendously over the past few decades in its ability to fabricate functional tissue substitutes. Conventional approaches based on scaffolding and microengineering are limited in their capacity of producing tissue constructs with precise biomimetic properties. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, on the other hand, promises to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues. In a sense, 3D bioprinting offers unprecedented versatility to co-deliver cells and biomaterials with precise control over their compositions, spatial distributions, and architectural accuracy, therefore achieving detailed or even personalized recapitulation of the fine shape, structure, and architecture of target tissues and organs. Here we briefly describe recent progresses of 3D bioprinting technology and associated bioinks suitable for the printing process. We then focus on the applications of this technology in fabrication of biomimetic constructs of several representative tissues and organs, including blood vessel, heart, liver, and cartilage. We finally conclude with future challenges in 3D bioprinting as well as potential solutions for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kan Yue
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kamyar Mollazadeh Moghaddam
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Syeda Mahwish Bakht
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Comsats Institute of Information and Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Weitao Jia
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Valeria Dell’Erba
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Pribpandao Assawes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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226
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Ng WL, Lee JM, Yeong WY, Win Naing M. Microvalve-based bioprinting – process, bio-inks and applications. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:632-647. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DOD microvalve-based bioprinting system provides a highly advanced manufacturing platform that facilitates precise control over the cellular and biomaterial deposition in a highly reproducible and reliable manner. This article highlights promising directions to transform microvalve-based bioprinting into an enabling technology that will potentially drive significant advances in the field of TERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long Ng
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research
- Singapore 637662
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227
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Boyd-Moss M, Fox K, Brandt M, Nisbet D, Williams R. Bioprinting and Biofabrication with Peptide and Protein Biomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:95-129. [PMID: 29081051 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to fabricate artificial tissue constructs through the controlled organisation of cells, structures and signals within a biomimetic scaffold offers significant promise to the field of regenerative medicine, drug delivery and tissue engineering. Advances in additive manufacturing technologies have facilitated the printing of spatially defined cell-laden artificial tissue constructs capable of providing biomimetic spatiotemporal presentation of biological and physical cues to cells in a designed multicomponent structure. Despite significant progress in the field of bioprinting, a key challenge remains in developing and utilizing materials that can adequately recapitulate the complexities of the native extracellular matrix on a nanostructured, chemical level during the printing process. This gives rise to the need for suitable materials - particularly in establishing effective control over cell fate, tissue vascularization and innervation. Recently, significant interested has been invested into developing candidate materials using protein and peptide-derived biomaterials. The ability of these materials to form highly printable hydrogels which are reminiscent of the native ECM has seen significant use in a variety of regenative applications, including both organ bioprinting and non-organ bioprinting. Here, we discuss the emerging technologies for peptide-based bioprinting applications, highlighting bioink development and detailing bioprinter processors. Furthermore, this work presents application specific, peptide-based bioprinting approaches, and provides insight into current limitations and future perspectives of peptide-based bioprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Boyd-Moss
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biofab3D, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Milan Brandt
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Richard Williams
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Biofab3D, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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228
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Prendergast ME, Solorzano RD, Cabrera D. Bioinks for biofabrication: current state and future perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in 3D printing technologies is leading a revolution in cell culture methods. These systems rely heavily on bioinks, the raw cells and biomaterials used to create these 3D cultures. These formulations, ranging from cell suspensions to hard acellular thermoplastics, must function with 3D systems and offer biocompatible environments that mimic in vivo tissue characteristics. Although much progress has been made for the production of increasingly complex reproducible 3D tissues, a full biofabrication platform with both improved technology and superior bioinks must be developed. Here, important properties for these materials are examined; recent advances in bioinks are summarized; and finally, future considerations for 3D biofabrication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danny Cabrera
- BioBots, Inc., 3711 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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229
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Perez RA, Jung CR, Kim HW. Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27860372 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative approach has emerged to substitute the current extracorporeal technologies for the treatment of diseased and damaged liver tissue. This is based on the use of biomaterials that modulate the responses of hepatic cells through the unique matrix properties tuned to recapitulate regenerative functions. Cells in liver preserve their phenotype or differentiate through the interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the engineered biomaterials, such as stiffness and surface topography, need to be tailored to induce appropriate cellular functions. The matrix physical stimuli can be combined with biochemical cues, such as immobilized functional groups or the delivered actions of signaling molecules. Furthermore, the external modulation of cells, through cocultures with nonparenchymal cells (e.g., endothelial cells) that can signal bioactive molecules, is another promising avenue to regenerate liver tissue. This review disseminates the recent approaches of regenerating liver tissue, with a focus on the development of biomaterials and the related culture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit; KRIBB; 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Dankook University Dental College; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
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230
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Cui H, Nowicki M, Fisher JP, Zhang LG. 3D Bioprinting for Organ Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201601118. [PMID: 27995751 PMCID: PMC5313259 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds the promise of engineering functional tissues or organs to heal or replace abnormal and necrotic tissues/organs, offering hope for filling the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is evolving into an unparalleled biomanufacturing technology due to its high-integration potential for patient-specific designs, precise and rapid manufacturing capabilities with high resolution, and unprecedented versatility. It enables precise control over multiple compositions, spatial distributions, and architectural accuracy/complexity, therefore achieving effective recapitulation of microstructure, architecture, mechanical properties, and biological functions of target tissues and organs. Here we provide an overview of recent advances in 3D bioprinting technology, as well as design concepts of bioinks suitable for the bioprinting process. We focus on the applications of this technology for engineering living organs, focusing more specifically on vasculature, neural networks, the heart and liver. We conclude with current challenges and the technical perspective for further development of 3D organ bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland 3238 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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231
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Li YC, Zhang YS, Akpek A, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A. 4D bioprinting: the next-generation technology for biofabrication enabled by stimuli-responsive materials. Biofabrication 2016; 9:012001. [PMID: 27910820 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/9/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting, encompassing a wide range of disciplines including bioengineering, materials science, chemistry, and computer sciences, is emerging as the next-generation biofabrication technology. By utilizing stimuli-responsive materials and advanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies, 4D bioprinting aims to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can transform their shapes or behavior under various stimuli. In this review, we highlight the potential use of various stimuli-responsive materials for 4D printing and their extension into biofabrication. We first discuss the state of the art and limitations associated with current 3D printing modalities and their transition into the inclusion of the additional time dimension. We then suggest the potential use of different stimuli-responsive biomaterials as the bioink that may achieve 4D bioprinting where transformation of fabricated biological constructs can be realized. We finally conclude with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Li
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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232
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Kim JE, Kim SH, Jung Y. Current status of three-dimensional printing inks for soft tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:636-646. [PMID: 30603445 PMCID: PMC6170864 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have become an attractive manufacturing process, which is called additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping. A 3D printing system can design and fabricate 3D shapes and geometries resulting in custom 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering. In tissue regeneration and replacement, 3D printing systems have been frequently used with various biomaterials such as natural and synthetic polymers. In tissue engineering, soft tissue regeneration is very difficult because soft tissue has the properties of high elasticity, flexibility and viscosity which act as an obstacle when creating a 3D structure by stacking layer after layer of biomaterials compared to hard tissue regeneration. To overcome these limitations, many studies are trying to fabricate constructs with a very similar native micro-environmental property for a complex biofunctional scaffold with suitable biological and mechanical parameters by optimizing the biomaterials, for example, control the concentration and diversification of materials. In this review, we describe the characteristics of printing biomaterials such as hydrogel, synthetic polymer and composite type as well as recent advances in soft tissue regeneration. It is expected that 3D printed constructs will be able to replace as well as regenerate defective tissues or injured functional tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, 02792 Seoul, Korea
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233
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Gagan J, Fraze C, Stout DA. Three-Dimensional Stem Cell Bioprinting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 34337282 PMCID: PMC8320738 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have become a revived biotechnology that is beginning to expand the field of regenerative medicine. Although stem cells are capable of regenerating tissues, current research trends tend to side on developing fully functional organs and other clinical uses including in situ stem cell repair through three-dimensional printing methods. Through several tests and techniques, it can be shown that most stem cell printing methods are possible and that most tests come out with high cell viability. Furthermore, the importance of bioprinting is to benefit the field of regenerative medicine, which looks into artificial organ transplants for the thousands of patients without donors. Although the field is not brand new, understanding the integration and use of additive manufacturing with biomaterials is essential in developing fully functional organs. There is a heavy emphasis on the biomaterials themselves since they have a crucial role in creating an organ that is mechanically robust and adaptable in vivo. Covered in this review article are many featured tests, which also touch on the importance of including a biomaterial that is capable of maintaining a viable microenvironment. These include biomaterials such as hydrogels, biopolymers, and synthetic extra cellular matrices (ECM) built for stem cells to proliferate, differentiate, and give freedom to cell communication after printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah Gagan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Stout
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.,International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO) Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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234
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Dai X, Ma C, Lan Q, Xu T. 3D bioprinted glioma stem cells for brain tumor model and applications of drug susceptibility. Biofabrication 2016; 8:045005. [PMID: 27725343 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is still difficult to treat because of its high malignancy, high recurrence rate, and high resistance to anticancer drugs. An alternative method for research of gliomagenesis and drug resistance is to use in vitro tumor model that closely mimics the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this study, we established a 3D bioprinted glioma stem cell model, using modified porous gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix. Glioma stem cells achieved a survival rate of 86.92%, and proliferated with high cellular activity immediately following bioprinting. During the in vitro culture period, the printed glioma stem cells not only maintained their inherent characteristics of cancer stem cells (Nestin), but also showed differentiation potential (glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III). In order to verify the vascularization potential of glioma stem cells, tumor angiogenesis biomarker, vascular endothelial growth factor was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its expression increased from week one to three during the culture period. Drug-sensitivity results showed that 3D printed tumor model was more resistant to temozolomide than 2D monolayer model at TMZ concentrations of 400-1600 μg ml-1. In summary, 3D bioprinted glioma model provides a novel alternative tool for studying gliomagenesis, glioma stem cell biology, drug resistance, and anticancer drug susceptibility in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
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235
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Zhang YS, Duchamp M, Oklu R, Ellisen LW, Langer R, Khademhosseini A. Bioprinting the Cancer Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1710-1721. [PMID: 28251176 PMCID: PMC5328669 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is intrinsically complex, comprising both heterogeneous cellular compositions and microenvironmental cues. During the various stages of cancer initiation, development, and metastasis, cell-cell interactions (involving vascular and immune cells besides cancerous cells) as well as cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions (e.g., alteration in stiffness and composition of the surrounding matrix) play major roles. Conventional cancer models both two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) present numerous limitations as they lack good vascularization and cannot mimic the complexity of tumors, thereby restricting their use as biomimetic models for applications such as drug screening and fundamental cancer biology studies. Bioprinting as an emerging biofabrication platform enables the creation of high-resolution 3D structures and has been extensively used in the past decade to model multiple organs and diseases. More recently, this versatile technique has further found its application in studying cancer genesis, growth, metastasis, and drug responses through creation of accurate models that recreate the complexity of the cancer microenvironment. In this review we will focus first on cancer biology and limitations with current cancer models. We then detail the current bioprinting strategies including the selection of bioinks for capturing the properties of the tumor matrices, after which we discuss bioprinting of vascular structures that are critical toward construction of complex 3D cancer organoids. We finally conclude with current literature on bioprinted cancer models and propose future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Margaux Duchamp
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman Street, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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236
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Ozler SB, Bakirci E, Kucukgul C, Koc B. Three-dimensional direct cell bioprinting for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2530-2544. [PMID: 27689939 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a relatively new technology where living cells with or without biomaterials are printed layer-by-layer in order to create three-dimensional (3D) living structures. In this article, novel bioprinting methodologies are developed to fabricate 3D biological structures directly from computer models using live multicellular aggregates. Multicellular aggregates made out of at least two cell types from fibroblast, endothelial and smooth muscle cells are prepared and optimized. A novel bioprinting approach is proposed in order to continuously extrude cylindrical multicellular aggregates through the bioprinter's glass microcapillaries. The multicellular aggregates are first aspirated into a capillary and then compressed to form a continuous cylindrical multicellular bioink. To overcome surface tension-driven droplet formation, the required compression ratio is calculated. Based on the developed bioprinting strategies, multicellular aggregates and their support structures are bioprinted to form 3D tissue constructs with predefined shapes. The effect of the bioprinting process was examined for fusion, cell viability at different compression ratios, and f-actin cytoskeletal organization. The results show that the bioprinted 3D constructs fuse rapidly and have high cell viability after printing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2530-2544, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saime Burce Ozler
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3D Bioprinting Lab, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bakirci
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3D Bioprinting Lab, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Kucukgul
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3D Bioprinting Lab, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Koc
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3D Bioprinting Lab, Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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237
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Hölzl K, Lin S, Tytgat L, Van Vlierberghe S, Gu L, Ovsianikov A. Bioink properties before, during and after 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2016; 8:032002. [PMID: 27658612 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/032002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a process based on additive manufacturing from materials containing living cells. These materials, often referred to as bioink, are based on cytocompatible hydrogel precursor formulations, which gel in a manner compatible with different bioprinting approaches. The bioink properties before, during and after gelation are essential for its printability, comprising such features as achievable structural resolution, shape fidelity and cell survival. However, it is the final properties of the matured bioprinted tissue construct that are crucial for the end application. During tissue formation these properties are influenced by the amount of cells present in the construct, their proliferation, migration and interaction with the material. A calibrated computational framework is able to predict the tissue development and maturation and to optimize the bioprinting input parameters such as the starting material, the initial cell loading and the construct geometry. In this contribution relevant bioink properties are reviewed and discussed on the example of most popular bioprinting approaches. The effect of cells on hydrogel processing and vice versa is highlighted. Furthermore, numerical approaches were reviewed and implemented for depicting the cellular mechanics within the hydrogel as well as for prediction of mechanical properties to achieve the desired hydrogel construct considering cell density, distribution and material-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hölzl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University Vienna, Austria. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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238
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Ouyang L, Yao R, Zhao Y, Sun W. Effect of bioink properties on printability and cell viability for 3D bioplotting of embryonic stem cells. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035020. [PMID: 27634915 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D cell printing is an emerging technology for fabricating complex cell-laden constructs with precise and pre-designed geometry, structure and composition to overcome the limitations of 2D cell culture and conventional tissue engineering scaffold technology. This technology enables spatial manipulation of cells and biomaterials, also referred to as 'bioink', and thus allows study of cellular interactions in a 3D microenvironment and/or in the formation of functional tissues and organs. Recently, many efforts have been made to develop new bioinks and to apply more cell sources for better biocompatibility and biofunctionality. However, the influences of printing parameters on the shape fidelity of 3D constructs as well as on cell viability after the cell printing process have been poorly characterized. Furthermore, parameter optimization based on a specific cell type might not be suitable for other types of cells, especially cells with high sensibility. In this study, we systematically studied the influence of bioink properties and printing parameters on bioink printability and embryonic stem cell (ESC) viability in the process of extrusion-based cell printing, also known as bioplotting. A novel method was established to determine suitable conditions for bioplotting ESCs to achieve both good printability and high cell viability. The rheological properties of gelatin/alginate bioinks were evaluated to determine the gelation properties under different bioink compositions, printing temperatures and holding times. The bioink printability was characterized by a newly developed semi-quantitative method. The results demonstrated that bioinks with longer gelation times would result in poorer printability. The live/dead assay showed that ESC viability increased with higher printing temperatures and lower gelatin concentrations. Furthermore, an exponential relationship was obtained between ESC viability and induced shear stress. By defining the proper printability and acceptable viability ranges, a combined parameters region was obtained. This study provides guidance for parameter optimization and the fine-tuning of 3D cell printing processes regarding both bioink printability and cell viability after bioplotting, especially for easily damaged cells, like ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Ouyang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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239
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Cross LM, Thakur A, Jalili NA, Detamore M, Gaharwar AK. Nanoengineered biomaterials for repair and regeneration of orthopedic tissue interfaces. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:2-17. [PMID: 27326917 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Orthopedic interface tissue engineering aims to mimic the structure and function of soft-to-hard tissue junctions, particularly bone-ligament, bone-tendon, and bone-cartilage interfaces. A range of engineering approaches has been proposed to mimic the gradient architecture, physical properties and chemical characteristics of interface tissues using conventional polymeric biomaterials. Recent developments in nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies introduce a range of synthesis and fabrication tools to effectively engineer the structure and function of native tissue interfaces. In this review, we will focus on nanoengineered strategies used to replicate the structural and functional aspects of native biological tissues for engineering bone-cartilage, bone-ligament, and bone-tendon interfaces. This review will also highlight some of the emerging applications and future potential of nanomaterials and fabrication technologies in engineering tissue interfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A major challenge in engineering interfaces is to control the physical and structural characteristics of an artificial environment. The use of nanomaterials and nanoengineered strategies allow for greater control over the changes in structure and function at molecular and nanometer length scale. This review focuses on advanced nanomaterials and nanofabrication approaches developed to emulate bone-cartilage, bone-ligament, and bone-tendon interface regions. Some of the emerging nanoengineered biomaterials proposed to mimic tissue interfaces are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Cross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841, USA
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841, USA
| | - Nima A Jalili
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841, USA
| | - Michael Detamore
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77841, USA; Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Irvine SA, Venkatraman SS. Bioprinting and Differentiation of Stem Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:E1188. [PMID: 27617991 PMCID: PMC6273261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D bioprinting of stem cells directly into scaffolds offers great potential for the development of regenerative therapies; in particular for the fabrication of organ and tissue substitutes. For this to be achieved; the lineage fate of bioprinted stem cell must be controllable. Bioprinting can be neutral; allowing culture conditions to trigger differentiation or alternatively; the technique can be designed to be stimulatory. Such factors as the particular bioprinting technique; bioink polymers; polymer cross-linking mechanism; bioink additives; and mechanical properties are considered. In addition; it is discussed that the stimulation of stem cell differentiation by bioprinting may lead to the remodeling and modification of the scaffold over time matching the concept of 4D bioprinting. The ability to tune bioprinting properties as an approach to fabricate stem cell bearing scaffolds and to also harness the benefits of the cells multipotency is of considerable relevance to the field of biomaterials and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Subbu S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Frontal Conversion and Uniformity in 3D Printing by Photopolymerisation. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9090760. [PMID: 28773881 PMCID: PMC5457111 DOI: 10.3390/ma9090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of the non-uniform spatio-temporal conversion, intrinsic to photopolymerisation, in the context of light-driven 3D printing of polymers. The polymerisation kinetics of a series of model acrylate and thiol-ene systems, both neat and doped with a light-absorbing dye, is investigated experimentally and analysed according to a descriptive coarse-grained model for photopolymerisation. In particular, we focus on the relative kinetics of polymerisation with those of 3D printing, by comparing the evolution of the position of the conversion profile (zf) to the sequential displacement of the object stage (∆z). After quantifying the characteristic sigmoidal monomer-to-polymer conversion of the various systems, with a combination of patterning experiments, FT-IR mapping, and modelling, we compute representative regimes for which zf is smaller, commensurate with, or larger than ∆z. While non-monotonic conversion can be detrimental to 3D printing, for instance in causing differential shrinkage of inhomogeneity in material properties, we identify opportunities for facile fabrication of modulated materials in the z-direction (i.e., along the illuminated axis). Our simple framework and model, based on directly measured parameters, can thus be employed in photopolymerisation-based 3D printing, both in process optimisation and in the precise design of complex, internally stratified materials by coupling the z-stage displacement and frontal polymerisation kinetics.
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243
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Zhou X, Castro NJ, Zhu W, Cui H, Aliabouzar M, Sarkar K, Zhang LG. Improved Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis in 3D Bioprinted Tissue Scaffolds with Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32876. [PMID: 27597635 PMCID: PMC5011779 DOI: 10.1038/srep32876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing and ultrasound techniques are showing great promise in the evolution of human musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration medicine. The uniqueness of the present study was to combine low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and advanced 3D printing techniques to synergistically improve growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Specifically, polyethylene glycol diacrylate bioinks containing cell adhesive Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid-Serene (RGDS) peptide and/or nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) were used to fabricate 3D scaffolds with different geometric patterns via novel table-top stereolithography 3D printer. The resultant scaffolds provide a highly porous and interconnected 3D environment to support cell proliferation. Scaffolds with small square pores were determined to be the optimal geometric pattern for MSC attachment and growth. The optimal LIPUS working parameters were determined to be 1.5 MHz, 20% duty cycle with 150 mW/cm(2) intensity. Results demonstrated that RGDS peptide and nHA containing 3D printed scaffolds under LIPUS treatment can greatly promote MSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition and total protein content. These results illustrate the effectiveness of the combination of LIPUS and biomimetic 3D printing scaffolds as a valuable combinatorial tool for improved MSC function, thus make them promising for future clinical and various regenerative medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Nathan J. Castro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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244
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Cui H, Zhu W, Nowicki M, Zhou X, Khademhosseini A, Zhang LG. Hierarchical Fabrication of Engineered Vascularized Bone Biphasic Constructs via Dual 3D Bioprinting: Integrating Regional Bioactive Factors into Architectural Design. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2174-81. [PMID: 27383032 PMCID: PMC5014673 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A biphasic artificial vascularized bone construct with regional bioactive factors is presented using dual 3D bioprinting platform technique, thereby forming a large functional bone grafts with organized vascular networks. Biocompatible mussel-inspired chemistry and "thiol-ene" click reaction are used to regionally immobilize bioactive factors during construct fabrication for modulating or improving cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Margaret Nowicki
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 3590 Science and Engineering Hall 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
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245
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Kazenwadel F, Biegert E, Wohlgemuth J, Wagner H, Franzreb M. A 3D-printed modular reactor setup including temperature and pH control for the compartmentalized implementation of enzyme cascades. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kazenwadel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ellen Biegert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jonas Wohlgemuth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Henrike Wagner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Institute of Functional Interfaces; Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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246
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Ersumo N, Witherel CE, Spiller KL. Differences in time-dependent mechanical properties between extruded and molded hydrogels. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035012. [PMID: 27550945 PMCID: PMC5118821 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of hydrogels used in biomaterials and tissue engineering applications are critical determinants of their functionality. Despite the recent rise of additive manufacturing, and specifically extrusion-based bioprinting, as a prominent biofabrication method, comprehensive studies investigating the mechanical behavior of extruded constructs remain lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, we compared the mechanical properties and swelling properties of crosslinked gelatin-based hydrogels prepared by conventional molding techniques or by 3D bioprinting using a BioBots Beta pneumatic extruder. A preliminary characterization of the impact of bioprinting parameters on construct properties revealed that both Young's modulus and optimal extruding pressure increased with polymer content, and that printing resolution increased with both printing speed and nozzle gauge. High viability (>95%) of encapsulated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts confirmed the cytocompatibility of the construct preparation process. Interestingly, the Young's moduli of extruded and molded constructs were not different, but extruded constructs did show increases in both the rate and extent of time-dependent mechanical behavior observed in creep. Despite similar polymer densities, extruded hydrogels showed greater swelling over time compared to molded hydrogels, suggesting that differences in creep behavior derived from differences in microstructure and fluid flow. Because of the crucial roles of time-dependent mechanical properties, fluid flow, and swelling properties on tissue and cell behavior, these findings highlight the need for greater consideration of the effects of the extrusion process on hydrogel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ersumo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, PA 19104, USA
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247
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He Y, Yang F, Zhao H, Gao Q, Xia B, Fu J. Research on the printability of hydrogels in 3D bioprinting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29977. [PMID: 27436509 PMCID: PMC4951698 DOI: 10.1038/srep29977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the biocompatible materials, hydrogels have been widely used in three- dimensional (3D) bioprinting/organ printing to load cell for tissue engineering. It is important to precisely control hydrogels deposition during printing the mimic organ structures. However, the printability of hydrogels about printing parameters is seldom addressed. In this paper, we systemically investigated the printability of hydrogels from printing lines (one dimensional, 1D structures) to printing lattices/films (two dimensional, 2D structures) and printing 3D structures with a special attention to the accurate printing. After a series of experiments, we discovered the relationships between the important factors such as air pressure, feedrate, or even printing distance and the printing quality of the expected structures. Dumbbell shape was observed in the lattice structures printing due to the hydrogel diffuses at the intersection. Collapses and fusion of adjacent layer would result in the error accumulation at Z direction which was an important fact that could cause printing failure. Finally, we successfully demonstrated a 3D printing hydrogel scaffold through harmonize with all the parameters. The cell viability after printing was compared with the casting and the results showed that our bioprinting method almost had no extra damage to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710054, Xi’an China
| | - FeiFei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - HaiMing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - JianZhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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248
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Mandrycky C, Wang Z, Kim K, Kim DH. 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:422-434. [PMID: 26724184 PMCID: PMC4879088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 856] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting strategies have demonstrated their potential use in regenerative medicine to generate a variety of transplantable tissues, including skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches still have technical challenges in terms of high-resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distributions, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. While no one-size-fits-all approach to bioprinting has emerged, it remains an on-demand, versatile fabrication technique that may address the growing organ shortage as well as provide a high-throughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for broad biomedical engineering applications. In this review, we introduce the basic principles, materials, integration strategies and applications of bioprinting. We also discuss the recent developments, current challenges and future prospects of 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combined with recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D-bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high-throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zongjie Wang
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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249
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Gudapati H, Dey M, Ozbolat I. A comprehensive review on droplet-based bioprinting: Past, present and future. Biomaterials 2016; 102:20-42. [PMID: 27318933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based bioprinting (DBB) offers greater advantages due to its simplicity and agility with precise control on deposition of biologics including cells, growth factors, genes, drugs and biomaterials, and has been a prominent technology in the bioprinting community. Due to its immense versatility, DBB technology has been adopted by various application areas, including but not limited to, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, transplantation and clinics, pharmaceutics and high-throughput screening, and cancer research. Despite the great benefits, the technology currently faces several challenges such as a narrow range of available bioink materials, bioprinting-induced cell damage at substantial levels, limited mechanical and structural integrity of bioprinted constructs, and restrictions on the size of constructs due to lack of vascularization and porosity. This paper presents a first-time review of DBB and comprehensively covers the existing DBB modalities including inkjet, electrohydrodynamic, acoustic, and micro-valve bioprinting. The recent notable studies are highlighted, the relevant bioink biomaterials and bioprinters are expounded, the application areas are presented, and the future prospects are provided to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Gudapati
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Madhuri Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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250
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Advanced Bioinks for 3D Printing: A Materials Science Perspective. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:2090-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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