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Nassoiy SP, Babu FS, LaPorte HM, Majetschak M. Pharmacological modulation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 influences development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:16-26. [PMID: 28815665 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been reported to result in lung protective effects in various experimental models. The effects of pharmacological CXCR4 modulation on the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after lung injury, however, are unknown. Thus, we studied whether blockade and activation of CXCR4 influences development of ARDS in a unilateral lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury rat model. Anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated animals underwent right lung ischaemia (series 1, 30 minutes; series 2, 60 minutes) followed by reperfusion for 300 minutes. In series 1, animals were treated with vehicle or 0.7 μmol/kg of AMD3100 (CXCR4 antagonist) and in series 2 with vehicle, 0.7 or 3.5 μmol/kg ubiquitin (non-cognate CXCR4 agonist) within 5 minutes of reperfusion. AMD3100 significantly reduced PaO2 /FiO2 ratios, converted mild ARDS with vehicle treatment into moderate ARDS (PaO2 /FiO2 ratio<200) and increased histological lung injury. Ubiquitin dose-dependently increased PaO2 /FiO2 ratios, converted moderate-to-severe into mild-to-moderate ARDS and reduced protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Measurements of cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10) in lung homogenates and BALF showed that AMD3100 reduced IL-10 levels in homogenates from post-ischaemic lungs, whereas ubiquitin dose-dependently increased IL-10 levels in BALF from post-ischaemic lungs. Our findings establish a cause-effect relationship for the effects of pharmacological CXCR4 modulation on the development of ARDS after lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury. These data further suggest CXCR4 as a new drug target to reduce the incidence and attenuate the severity of ARDS after lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Nassoiy
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Favin S Babu
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather M LaPorte
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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202
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Albee LJ, Eby JM, Tripathi A, LaPorte HM, Gao X, Volkman BF, Gaponenko V, Majetschak M. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors Function Within Hetero-Oligomeric Complexes With Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 and Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Receptor 4 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006575. [PMID: 28862946 PMCID: PMC5586474 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, we provided evidence that α1‐adrenergic receptors (ARs) in vascular smooth muscle are regulated by chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor (CXCR) 4 and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3). While we showed that CXCR4 controls α1‐ARs through formation of heteromeric receptor complexes in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs), the molecular basis underlying cross‐talk between ACKR3 and α1‐ARs is unknown. Methods and Results We show that ACKR3 agonists inhibit inositol trisphosphate production in hVSMCs on stimulation with phenylephrine. In proximity ligation assays and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments, we observed that recombinant and endogenous ACKR3 form heteromeric complexes with α1A/B/D‐AR. While small interfering RNA knockdown of ACKR3 in hVSMCs reduced α1B/D‐AR:ACKR3, CXCR4:ACKR3, and α1B/D‐AR:CXCR4 complexes, small interfering RNA knockdown of CXCR4 reduced α1B/D‐AR:ACKR3 heteromers. Phenylephrine‐induced inositol trisphosphate production from hVSMCs was abolished after ACKR3 and CXCR4 small interfering RNA knockdown. Peptide analogs of transmembrane domains 2/4/7 of ACKR3 showed differential effects on heteromerization between ACKR3, α1A/B/D‐AR, and CXCR4. While the transmembrane domain 2 peptide interfered with α1B/D‐AR:ACKR3 and CXCR4:ACKR3 heteromerization, it increased heteromerization between CXCR4 and α1A/B‐AR. The transmembrane domain 2 peptide inhibited ACKR3 but did not affect α1b‐AR in β‐arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, the transmembrane domain 2 peptide inhibited phenylephrine‐induced inositol trisphosphate production in hVSMCs and attenuated phenylephrine‐induced constriction of mesenteric arteries. Conclusions α1‐ARs form hetero‐oligomeric complexes with the ACKR3:CXCR4 heteromer, which is required for α1B/D‐AR function, and activation of ACKR3 negatively regulates α1‐ARs. G protein–coupled receptor hetero‐oligomerization is a dynamic process, which depends on the relative abundance of available receptor partners. Endogenous α1‐ARs function within a network of hetero‐oligomeric receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Albee
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Jonathan M Eby
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Heather M LaPorte
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Xianlong Gao
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
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203
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Sleightholm R, Yang B, Yu F, Xie Y, Oupický D. Chloroquine-Modified Hydroxyethyl Starch as a Polymeric Drug for Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2247-2257. [PMID: 28708385 PMCID: PMC5996760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a clinically used polysaccharide colloidal plasma volume expander. The goal of this study was to synthesize HES modified with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a novel polymeric drug with the ability to inhibit the invasive character of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. HES was conjugated with HCQ using a simple carbonyldiimidazole coupling to prepare Chloroquine-modified HES (CQ-HES). CQ-HES with various degrees of HCQ substitution were synthesized and characterized. Atomic force microscopy was used to demonstrate a pH-dependent assembly of CQ-HES into well-defined nanoparticles. In vitro studies in multiple PC cell lines showed CQ-HES to have a similar toxicity profile as HCQ. Confocal microscopy revealed the propensity of CQ-HES to localize to lysosomes and mechanistic studies confirmed the ability of CQ-HES to inhibit autophagy in PC cells. Further studies demonstrated a greatly enhanced ability of CQ-HES to inhibit the migration and invasion of PC cells when compared with HCQ. The enhanced inhibitory actions of CQ-HES compared to HCQ appeared to arise in part from the increased inhibition of ERK and Akt phosphorylation. We found no significant HCQ release from CQ-HES, which confirmed that the observed activity was due to the action of CQ-HES as a polymeric drug. Due to its promising ability to block cancer cell invasion and the ability to form nanoparticles, CQ-HES has the potential as a drug delivery platform suitable for future development with chemotherapeutics to establish novel antimetastatic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sleightholm
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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204
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Tsou LK, Huang YH, Song JS, Ke YY, Huang JK, Shia KS. Harnessing CXCR4 antagonists in stem cell mobilization, HIV infection, ischemic diseases, and oncology. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1188-1234. [PMID: 28768055 DOI: 10.1002/med.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 antagonists (e.g., PlerixaforTM ) have been successfully validated as stem cell mobilizers for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Applications of the CXCR4 antagonists have heralded the era of cell-based therapy and opened a potential therapeutic horizon for many unmet medical needs such as kidney injury, ischemic stroke, cancer, and myocardial infarction. In this review, we first introduce the central role of CXCR4 in diverse cellular signaling pathways and discuss its involvement in several disease progressions. We then highlight the molecular design and optimization strategies for targeting CXCR4 from a large number of case studies, concluding that polyamines are the preferred CXCR4-binding ligands compared to other structural options, presumably by mimicking the highly positively charged natural ligand CXCL12. These results could be further justified with computer-aided docking into the CXCR4 crystal structure wherein both major and minor subpockets of the binding cavity are considered functionally important. Finally, from the clinical point of view, CXCR4 antagonists could mobilize hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with long-term repopulating capacity to the peripheral blood, promising to replace surgically obtained bone marrow cells as a preferred source for stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Kelvin Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
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205
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Dynamics and function of CXCR4 in formation of the granule cell layer during hippocampal development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5647. [PMID: 28717168 PMCID: PMC5514042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing hippocampus, granule cell progenitors (GCPs) arising in the ventricular zone (VZ) migrate to the subpial region, and form the granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus (DG). To understand the mechanism of GCL formation, we investigated the dynamics and function of CXCR4 which is expressed by the GCPs and is a receptor of the CXCL12 chemokine secreted by cells surrounding the DG. In the VZ, CXCR4 was expressed on the plasma membrane of the GCPs. During their migration and in the DG, CXCR4 was internalized and accumulated as puncta close to the centrosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Phosphatase analysis suggested that both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated CXCR4 exist on the plasma membrane, whereas CXCR4 in intracellular puncta was mainly dephosphorylated. Intraventricular administration of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 resulted in the disappearance of CXCR4 expression from the intracellular puncta, and its appearance on the plasma membranes. Furthermore, AMD3100 treatment resulted in precocious differentiation, delayed migration, and ectopic GCPs. Taken together, these results suggest that during the development and migration of GCPs, CXCR4 on the plasma membrane is phosphorylated, internalized, sorted to the centrosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, and functionally regulates GCP differentiation, migration and positioning.
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206
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Ceholski DK, Turnbull IC, Pothula V, Lecce L, Jarrah AA, Kho C, Lee A, Hadri L, Costa KD, Hajjar RJ, Tarzami ST. CXCR4 and CXCR7 play distinct roles in cardiac lineage specification and pharmacologic β-adrenergic response. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:77-86. [PMID: 28711757 PMCID: PMC5859259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 and CXCR7 are prominent G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). This study demonstrates that CXCR4 and CXCR7 induce differential effects during cardiac lineage differentiation and β-adrenergic response in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Using lentiviral vectors to ablate CXCR4 and/or CXCR7 expression, hiPSC-CMs were tested for phenotypic and functional properties due to gene knockdown. Gene expression and flow cytometry confirmed the pluripotent and cardiomyocyte phenotype of undifferentiated and differentiated hiPSCs, respectively. Although reduction of CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression resulted in a delayed cardiac phenotype, only knockdown of CXCR4 delayed the spontaneous beating of hiPSC-CMs. Knockdown of CXCR4 and CXCR7 differentially altered calcium transients and β-adrenergic response in hiPSC-CMs. In engineered cardiac tissues, depletion of CXCR4 or CXCR7 had opposing effects on developed force and chronotropic response to β-agonists. This work demonstrates distinct roles for the SDF-1/CXCR4 or CXCR7 network in hiPSC-derived ventricular cardiomyocyte specification, maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Irene C Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venu Pothula
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Lecce
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew A Jarrah
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Changwon Kho
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kevin D Costa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sima T Tarzami
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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207
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Chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA reduces CXCR4 expression and sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170122. [PMID: 28446538 PMCID: PMC6434078 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been reported as a poor prognostic biomarker in human breast cancers, and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target of breast cancer treatment. The present study aims to investigate the delivery efficiency of siRNA by chitosan into breast cancer cells, and then to examine the regulatory role by chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA on CXCR4 expression and on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the siRNA could be capsuled by chitosan into nanoparticles with a diameter of 80-110 nm, and with a zeta potential of 20-50 mV. The chitosan nanoparticle delivered siRNA efficiently into breast cancer MCF-7 cells significantly reduced the expression of CXCR4 in both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, the reduced CXCR4 by chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was associated with increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to cisplatin. Reduced growth and increased apoptosis of MCF-7 cells were observed in the CXCR4 siRNA group than in the control siRNA group. Taken together, our results present the treatment potential of chitosan nanoparticle-delivered siRNA targeting CXCR4 in breast cancers.
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208
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Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an important role in cancer-induced bone pain by activating spinal neurons and glial cells. However, the specific neuronal mechanism of CXCR4 signaling is not clear. We further report that CXCR4 contributes to the activation of the neuronal CaMKII/CREB pathway in cancer-induced bone pain. We used a tumor cell implantation (TCI) model and observed that CXCR4, p-CaMKII and p-CREB were persistently up-regulated in spinal neurons. CXCR4 also co-expressed with p-CaMKII and p-CREB, and mediated p-CaMKII and p-CREB expression after TCI. Intrathecal delivery of CXCR4 siRNA or CaMKII inhibitor AIP2 abrogated TCI-induced pain hypersensitivity and TCI-induced increase in p-CaMKII and p-CREB expression. Intrathecal injection of the principal ligand for CXCR4, SDF-1, promoted p-CaMKII and p-CREB expression in naive rats, which was prevented by post-administration of CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor or PLC inhibitor U73122. Plerixafor, U73122, or AIP2 also alleviated SDF-1-elicited pain behaviors. Intrathecal injection of CXCR4 siRNA significantly suppressed TCI-induced up-regulation of NMDAR1 mRNA and protein, which is a known gene target of CREB. Collectively, these results suggest that the CaMKII/CREB pathway in spinal neurons mediates CXCR4-facilitated pain hypersensitivity in cancer rats.
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209
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Using nanoBRET and CRISPR/Cas9 to monitor proximity to a genome-edited protein in real-time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3187. [PMID: 28600500 PMCID: PMC5466623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been a vital tool for understanding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. It has been used to investigate GPCR-protein and/or -ligand interactions as well as GPCR oligomerisation. However the utility of BRET is limited by the requirement that the fusion proteins, and in particular the donor, need to be exogenously expressed. To address this, we have used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair to generate protein-Nanoluciferase (Nluc) fusions under endogenous promotion, thus allowing investigation of proximity between the genome-edited protein and an exogenously expressed protein by BRET. Here we report BRET monitoring of GPCR-mediated β-arrestin2 recruitment and internalisation where the donor luciferase was under endogenous promotion, in live cells and in real time. We have investigated the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create genome-edited fusion proteins that can be used as BRET donors and propose that this strategy can be used to overcome the need for exogenous donor expression.
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210
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Functional and structural consequences of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 activation with cognate and non-cognate agonists. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:143-151. [PMID: 28455789 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) regulates cell trafficking and plays important roles in the immune system. Ubiquitin has recently been identified as an endogenous non-cognate agonist of CXCR4, which activates CXCR4 via interaction sites that are distinct from those of the cognate agonist C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12). As compared with CXCL12, chemotactic activities of ubiquitin in primary human cells are poorly characterized. Furthermore, evidence for functional selectivity of CXCR4 agonists is lacking, and structural consequences of ubiquitin binding to CXCR4 are unknown. Here, we show that ubiquitin and CXCL12 have comparable chemotactic activities in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Chemotactic activities of the CXCR4 ligands could be inhibited with the selective CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and with a peptide analogue of the second transmembrane domain of CXCR4. In human monocytes, ubiquitin- and CXCL12-induced chemotaxis could be inhibited with pertussis toxin and with inhibitors of phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Both agonists induced inositol trisphosphate production in vascular smooth muscle cells, which could be inhibited with AMD3100. In β-arrestin recruitment assays, ubiquitin did not sufficiently recruit β-arrestin2 to CXCR4 (EC50 > 10 μM), whereas the EC50 for CXCL12 was 4.6 nM (95% confidence interval 3.1-6.1 nM). Both agonists induced similar chemical shift changes in the 13C-1H-heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectrum of CXCR4 in membranes, whereas CXCL11 did not significantly alter the 13C-1H-HSQC spectrum of CXCR4. Our findings point towards ubiquitin as a biased agonist of CXCR4.
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211
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Van Hout A, D'huys T, Oeyen M, Schols D, Van Loy T. Comparison of cell-based assays for the identification and evaluation of competitive CXCR4 inhibitors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176057. [PMID: 28410420 PMCID: PMC5391968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is activated by its unique chemokine ligand CXCL12 and regulates many physiological and developmental processes such as hematopoietic cell trafficking. CXCR4 is also one of the main co-receptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry. Dysfunction of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis contributes to several human pathologies, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Consequently, inhibition of CXCR4 activation is recognized as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In this regard, numerous agents modifying CXCR4 activity have been evaluated in in vitro experimental studies and pre-clinical models. Here, we evaluated a CXCL12 competition binding assay for its potential as a valuable initial screen for functional and competitive CXCR4 inhibitors. In total, 11 structurally diverse compounds were included in a side-by-side comparison of in vitro CXCR4 cell-based assays, such as CXCL12 competition binding, CXCL12-induced calcium signaling, CXCR4 internalization, CXCL12-guided cell migration and CXCR4-specific HIV-1 replication experiments. Our data indicated that agents that inhibit CXCL12 binding, i.e. the anti-CXCR4 peptide analogs T22, T140 and TC14012 and the small molecule antagonists AMD3100, AMD3465, AMD11070 and IT1t showed inhibitory activity with consistent relative potencies in all further applied CXCR4-related assays. Accordingly, agents exerting no or very weak receptor binding (i.e., CTCE-9908, WZ811, Me6TREN and gambogic acid) showed no or very poor anti-CXCR4 inhibitory activity. Thus, CXCL12 competition binding studies were proven to be highly valuable as an initial screening assay and indicative for the pharmacological and functional profile of competitive CXCR4 antagonists, which will help the design of new potent CXCR4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Van Hout
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas D'huys
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merel Oeyen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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212
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Wenzel ED, Bachis A, Avdoshina V, Taraballi F, Tasciotti E, Mocchetti I. Endocytic Trafficking of HIV gp120 is Mediated by Dynamin and Plays a Role in gp120 Neurotoxicity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:492-503. [PMID: 28349243 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons that endocytose the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) protein gp120 exhibit neurite retraction and activation of caspase-3, suggesting that the endocytic process may be crucial for gp120-mediated neuronal injury. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that internalization and accumulation of gp120 play a role in its neurotoxic effects. In mammalian cells, endocytosis is primarily a dynamin-dependent process. To establish whether gp120 is endocytosed in a dynamin-dependent manner, we used fibroblasts in which deletion of dynamins was induced by tamoxifen. We observed a robust reduction of intracellular gp120 immunoreactivity in tamoxifen-treated cells. To examine whether endocytosis of gp120 is crucial for its neurotoxic effect, we blocked gp120 internalization into primary rat cortical neurons by dynasore, an inhibitor of the dynamin GTP-ase activity. We found that dynasore blocks both gp120 internalization and neurotoxicity. We then utilized gp120-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to deliver gp120 intracellularly. We established that once internalized, gp120 is neurotoxic regardless of chemokine receptor activation. Our data suggest that dynamin-dependent endocytosis of gp120 is critical for its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Alessia Bachis
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, EP09 New Research Building, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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213
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Narożna B, Langwinski W, Jackson C, Lackie P, Holloway JW, Szczepankiewicz A. MicroRNA-328 is involved in wound repair process in human bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 242:59-65. [PMID: 28347890 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the role of microRNA on epithelial wound repair by global microRNA silencing. We have also analysed the influence of five miRNAs (miR-328, miR-342, miR-411, miR-609, miR-888, previously identified) on wound repair in 16HBE14o-bronchial epithelial cell line. Cells were transfected with siRNAs against human DROSHA and DICER1 or miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Wounding assays were performed and the cells were observed using time-lapse microscopy. The area of damage was calculated at chosen time points, followed by data analysis. Cells with silenced global miRNA expression showed a significantly slower repair rate compared to the control cells (p=0.001). For miR-328, we observed significantly delayed repair in cells transfected with the inhibitor compared to control (p=0.02). Global microRNA silencing significantly decreased the repair rate of airway epithelial cells in vitro, indicating an important role of miRNA in the regulation of wound repair and that miR-328, possibly involved in actin pathway, may be a potent modifier of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Narożna
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Langwinski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Claire Jackson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Lackie
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
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214
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Luo J, Busillo JM, Stumm R, Benovic JL. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 and Protein Kinase C Phosphorylate the Distal C-Terminal Tail of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Mediate Recruitment of β-Arrestin. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:554-566. [PMID: 28331048 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a key event for cell signaling and regulation of receptor function. Previously, using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified two phosphorylation sites at the distal C-terminal tail of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, but were unable to determine which specific residues were phosphorylated. Here, we demonstrate that serines (Ser) 346 and/or 347 (Ser-346/7) of CXCR4 are phosphorylated upon stimulation with the agonist CXCL12 as well as a CXCR4 pepducin, ATI-2341. ATI-2341, a Gαiβγ heterotrimer-biased CXCR4 agonist, induced more robust phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 compared with CXCL12. Knockdown of G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2, GRK3, or GRK6 reduced CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 with GRK3 knockdown having the strongest effect, while inhibition of the conventional protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, particularly PKCα, reduced phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 induced by either CXCL12 or ATI-2341. The loss of GRK3- or PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 impaired the recruitment of β-arrestin to CXCR4. We also found that a pseudo-substrate peptide inhibitor for PKCζ effectively inhibited CXCR4 phosphorylation and signaling, most likely by functioning as a nonspecific CXCR4 antagonist. Together, these studies demonstrate the role Ser-346/7 plays in arrestin recruitment and initiation of receptor desensitization and provide insight into the dysregulation of CXCR4 observed in patients with various forms of WHIM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.L., J.M.B., J.L.B.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany (R.S.)
| | - John M Busillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.L., J.M.B., J.L.B.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.L., J.M.B., J.L.B.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.L., J.M.B., J.L.B.); and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany (R.S.)
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215
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Effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US27 on CXCR4 receptor internalization measured by fluorogen-activating protein (FAP) biosensors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172042. [PMID: 28207860 PMCID: PMC5313195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen and a member of the Herpesviridae family. HCMV has a large genome that encodes many genes that are non-essential for virus replication but instead play roles in manipulation of the host immune environment. One of these is the US27 gene, which encodes a protein with homology to the chemokine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The US27 protein has no known chemokine ligands but can modulate the signaling activity of host receptor CXCR4. We investigated the mechanism for enhanced CXCR4 signaling in the presence of US27 using a novel biosensor system comprised of fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs). FAP-tagged CXCR4 and US27 were used to explore receptor internalization and recovery dynamics, and the results demonstrate that significantly more CXCR4 internalization was observed in the presence of US27 compared to CXCR4 alone upon stimulation with CXCL12. While ligand-induced endocytosis rates were higher, steady state internalization of CXCR4 was not affected by US27. Additionally, US27 underwent rapid endocytosis at a rate that was independent of either CXCR4 expression or CXCL12 stimulation. These results demonstrate that one mechanism by which US27 can enhance CXCR4 signaling is to alter receptor internalization dynamics, which could ultimately have the effect of promoting virus dissemination by increasing trafficking of HCMV-infected cells to tissues where CXCL12 is highly expressed.
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216
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Stone MJ, Hayward JA, Huang C, E Huma Z, Sanchez J. Mechanisms of Regulation of the Chemokine-Receptor Network. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E342. [PMID: 28178200 PMCID: PMC5343877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of chemokines with their G protein-coupled receptors promote the migration of leukocytes during normal immune function and as a key aspect of the inflammatory response to tissue injury or infection. This review summarizes the major cellular and biochemical mechanisms by which the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors are regulated, including: selective and competitive binding interactions; genetic polymorphisms; mRNA splice variation; variation of expression, degradation and localization; down-regulation by atypical (decoy) receptors; interactions with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans; post-translational modifications; oligomerization; alternative signaling responses; and binding to natural or pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Stone
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jenni A Hayward
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Zil E Huma
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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217
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Chu T, Shields LBE, Zhang YP, Feng SQ, Shields CB, Cai J. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic Targets for Remyelination in Demyelinating Diseases. Neuroscientist 2017; 23:627-648. [PMID: 29283028 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416685690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 plays a vital role in regulating the development of the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Recent studies reported that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis regulates both embryonic and adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The changes in the expression and distribution of CXCL12 and its receptors are tightly associated with the pathological process of demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting that modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis may benefit myelin repair by enhancing OPC recruitment and differentiation. This review aims to integrate the current findings of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathway in the CNS and to highlight its role in oligodendrocyte development and demyelinating diseases. Furthermore, this review provides potential therapeutic strategies for myelin repair by analyzing the relevance between the pathological changes and the regulatory roles of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 during MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Chu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- 2 Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jun Cai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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218
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Moscato GMF, Giacobbi E, Anemona L, Di Cesare S, Di Matteo G, Andreoni M, Mauriello A, Moschese V. Dysplasia of Granulocytes in a Patient with HPV Disease, Recurrent Infections, and B Lymphopenia: A Novel Variant of WHIM Syndrome? Front Pediatr 2017; 5:95. [PMID: 28512628 PMCID: PMC5411434 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WHIM syndrome is a condition in which affected persons have chronic peripheral neutropenia, lymphopenia, abnormal susceptibility to human papilloma virus infection, and myelokathexis. Myelokathexis refers to the retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow (BM), which accounts for degenerative changes and hypersegmentation. Most patients present heterozygous autosomal dominant mutations of the gene encoding CXCR4. Consequently, aberrant CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling impairs the receptor downregulation causing hyperactivation (gain-of-function) that affects BM homing for myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis and the release of neutrophils in the bloodstream. We report the case of a 26-year-old female with severe foot and hand cutaneous warts since childhood, recalcitrant genital condylomatas, bacterial infections, and intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. Laboratory tests revealed severe B lymphopenia and HPV high and low risk types. HIV testing was negative. Not only CXCR4 but also GATA2, NEMO, and CD40L gene mutations were excluded. BM smears revealed, in the presence of a normal cellularity, hyperplasia of myeloid cells (MPO positive) and karyorrhexis, especially in neutrophils and eosinophils. Of note, neutrophils with altered lobation of nuclei connected by long thin chromatin filaments were observed. Our patient presented a clinical and histological picture reminiscent of WHIM in the presence of normal peripheral neutrophil counts and wild-type CXCR4 gene. Although the BM did not reveal a classical pattern of myelokathexis, the observation of consistent signs of neutrophil dysplasia has fuelled the hypothesis of a novel WHIM variant or a novel immunodeficiency. We speculate that abnormalities that affect CXCR4/CXCL12 pair, including GRK levels or activity, might be responsible for this WHIM-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusella M F Moscato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Giacobbi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Department of Medicine of Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Immunology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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219
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The CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway: A New Susceptibility Factor in Human Papillomavirus Pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006039. [PMID: 27918748 PMCID: PMC5138052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The productive human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is tightly linked to the differentiation and cycling of keratinocytes. Deregulation of these processes and stimulation of cell proliferation by the action of viral oncoproteins and host cell factors underlies HPV-mediated carcinogenesis. Severe HPV infections characterize the wart, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis (WHIM) immunodeficiency syndrome, which is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the CXCR4 receptor for the CXCL12 chemokine, one of which is CXCR41013. We investigated whether CXCR41013 interferes in the HPV18 life cycle in epithelial organotypic cultures. Expression of CXCR41013 promoted stabilization of HPV oncoproteins, thus disturbing cell cycle progression and proliferation at the expense of the ordered expression of the viral genes required for virus production. Conversely, blocking CXCR41013 function restored virus production and limited HPV-induced carcinogenesis. Thus, CXCR4 and its potential activation by genetic alterations in the course of the carcinogenic process can be considered as an important host factor for HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are epitheliotropic tumor viruses causing mostly benign warts but that have developed strategies to establish persistent infections. Although host immune responses clear most infections, persistence of some HPV types causes ~5% of human cancers and severe pathogenesis in immunosuppressed individuals. How early events in HPV infection, determined by the interaction between viral and host proteins, might lead to viral persistence and pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we thought to investigate this issue by providing mechanistic insights into the selective susceptibility to HPV pathogenesis displayed by patients who are immunosuppressed as a consequence of mutations in the CXCR4 gene encoding for the receptor of the CXCL12 chemokine (WHIM syndrome). We previously unraveled the existence of a general interplay between the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and HPV, which is hijacked toward cell transformation upon expression of the CXCR4 mutant. Here, using three dimensional epithelial cell cultures to analyze the HPV life cycle, we found that the CXCR4 mutant promotes cell hyperproliferation and stabilization of viral oncoprotein expression at the expense of virus production. Our results, which identify CXCR4 as an important gatekeeper of keratinocyte proliferation and as a new susceptibility factor in HPV pathogenesis, may be translated into anti-viral and anti-cancer strategies.
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220
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CXCL12 prolongs naive CD4 + T lymphocytes survival via activation of PKA, CREB and Bcl2 and BclXl up-regulation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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221
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Jain R, Watson U, Saini DK. ERK activated by Histamine H1 receptor is anti-proliferative through spatial restriction in the cytosol. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:623-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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222
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Burnworth B, Wang Z, Singleton TP, Bennington A, Fritschle W, Bennington R, Brodersen LE, Wells DA, Loken MR, Zehentner BK. Clone-specific MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutation status can provide clinical utility in suspected Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Leuk Res 2016; 51:41-48. [PMID: 27890075 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MYD88 L265P, a diagnostic marker for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) can also be detected in other hematopoietic malignancies. We demonstrate a novel approach to increase the specificity of this marker for WM/LPL diagnosis by combining flow cytometric cell sorting with molecular analysis. Clonal B-lymphocyte and co-occurring clonal plasma cell populations of low-grade B-cell lymphomas were sorted by flow cytometry and analyzed for immunoglobulin gene rearrangements (PCR), and for MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations. Identical clonal origin was confirmed by PCR for 21 LPL/WM cases and MYD88 L265P was detected in both B-cell and plasma cell fractions. 9/20 other B-cell lymphomas with identical light chain restriction on B-cells and plasma cells were genotypically identical by PCR and MYD88 L265P was detected in both cell fractions in 7/9 whereas in 11/20 specimens with different clonal origin, MYD88 L265P was absent (5/11), or only found in B-lymphocytes (4/11), or plasma cells (2/11). CXCR4 mutations were detected in 17/39 cases, but missed in 63% of these without cell sorting. Confirming MYD88L265P in both B-cells and plasma cell fractions can provide a novel and powerful discriminator to distinguish LPL/WM from phenotypically similar disorders. Furthermore, this approach significantly increases CXCR4 detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Burnworth
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | | | - Angela Bennington
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Wayne Fritschle
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Richard Bennington
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | | | - Denise A Wells
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Michael R Loken
- Hematologics Inc, 3161 Elliott Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
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223
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Takayama Y, Aoki R, Uchida R, Tajima A, Aoki-Yoshida A. Role of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 as a lactoferrin receptor. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:57-63. [PMID: 28075616 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin exerts its biological activities by interacting with receptors on target cells, including LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1/CD91), intelectin-1 (omentin-1), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the effects mediated by these receptors are not sufficient to fully explain the many functions of lactoferrin. C-X-C-motif cytokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a ubiquitously expressed G-protein coupled receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). Lactoferrin was found to be as capable as SDF-1 in blocking infection by an HIV variant that uses CXCR4 as a co-receptor (X4-tropic HIV), suggesting that lactoferrin interacts with CXCR4. We addressed whether CXCR4 acts as a lactoferrin receptor using HaCaT human keratinocytes and Caco-2 human intestinal cells. We found that bovine lactoferrin interacted with CXCR4-containing lipoparticles, and that this interaction was not antagonized by SDF-1. In addition, activation of Akt in response to lactoferrin was abrogated by AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of CXCR4, or by a CXCR4-neutralizing antibody, suggesting that CXCR4 functions as a lactoferrin receptor able to mediate activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Lactoferrin stimulation mimicked many aspects of SDF-1-induced CXCR4 activity, including receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Cycloheximide chase assays indicated that turnover of CXCR4 was accelerated in response to lactoferrin. These results indicate that CXCR4 is a potent lactoferrin receptor that mediates lactoferrin-induced activation of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Takayama
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ryo Uchida
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.,b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- b Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- a Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.,c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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224
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Alekhina O, Marchese A. β-Arrestin1 and Signal-transducing Adaptor Molecule 1 (STAM1) Cooperate to Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Autophosphorylation and Chemotaxis via the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26083-26097. [PMID: 27789711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its chemokine ligand CXCL12 mediate directed cell migration during organogenesis, immune responses, and metastatic disease. However, the mechanisms governing CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the β-arrestin1·signal-transducing adaptor molecule 1 (STAM1) complex, initially identified to govern lysosomal trafficking of CXCR4, also mediates CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis. Expression of minigene fragments from β-arrestin1 or STAM1, known to disrupt the β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex, and RNAi against β-arrestin1 or STAM1, attenuates CXCL12-induced chemotaxis. The β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex is necessary for promoting autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is necessary for CXCL12-induced chemotaxis and associates with and localizes with β-arrestin1 and STAM1 in a CXCL12-dependent manner. Our data reveal previously unknown roles in CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis for β-arrestin1 and STAM1, which we propose act in concert to regulate FAK signaling. The β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex is a promising target for blocking CXCR4-promoted FAK autophosphorylation and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Alekhina
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Adriano Marchese
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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225
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Moridi I, Mamillapalli R, Cosar E, Ersoy GS, Taylor HS. Bone Marrow Stem Cell Chemotactic Activity Is Induced by Elevated CXCl12 in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:526-533. [PMID: 27729562 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116672587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory gynecological disorder caused by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis produces chemokines, including CXCL12, that attract bone marrow cells to the lesions. In this study, we describe the expression, localization, and chemotactic activity of CXCL12 in endometriotic lesions. Biopsies were collected both from women with endometriosis undergoing laparoscopy and control endometrium from women without endometriosis. Expression of CXCl12 and CXCR4 messenger RNA was increased approximately 4- and 6-fold, respectively, in endometriosis compared to eutopic endometrium. Immunohistochemistry of lesions revealed that CXCR4 was expressed in the stroma and epithelium in both endometriosis and control eutopic endometrium. The level of CXCR4 protein expression was significantly higher in all cellular compartments of the endometriotic lesions compared to control endometrium. CXCL12 protein expression was also higher in endometriotic lesions and was greatest in the epithelial compartment. CXCL12 was increased more in the condition media of cultured endometriosis than in controls as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transwell chamber migration was used to demonstrate 2-fold increased chemoattraction of mouse bone marrow stem cells toward CXCL12 in the endometriotic-conditioned medium compared with eutopic endometrium. Our results indicate that a preferential recruitment of stem cells to endometriosis can explain how endometriosis outcompetes eutopic endometrium in recruiting the limited supply of circulating stem cells. The CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis is a potential target for the treatment of endometriosis and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Moridi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emine Cosar
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gulcin Sahin Ersoy
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Castillo JJ, Hunter ZR, Yang G, Argyropoulos K, Palomba ML, Treon SP. Future therapeutic options for patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:206-215. [PMID: 27825467 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of IgM-producing lymphoplasmacytic cells. Although WM patients can experience prolonged remissions, the disease invariably recurs. Therefore, novel treatments associated with higher success rates and lower toxicity profiles are needed. The discovery of recurrent mutations in the MYD88 and CXCR4 genes has unraveled potential therapeutic targets in WM patients. As a result of these findings and based on the design and execution of a prospective clinical trial, the FDA granted approval to ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, to treat patients with symptomatic WM. The present review focuses on potential therapies that could change the landscape of treatment of patients with WM, specifically focusing on inhibitors or antagonists or the proteasome, BTK, CD38, BCL2 and the CXCR4 and MYD88 genes themselves. Novel agents with novel mechanisms of action should be evaluated in the context of carefully designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Castillo
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zachary R Hunter
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimon Argyropoulos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Lia Palomba
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Uckelmann H, Blaszkiewicz S, Nicolae C, Haas S, Schnell A, Wurzer S, Wagener R, Aszodi A, Essers MAG. Extracellular matrix protein Matrilin-4 regulates stress-induced HSC proliferation via CXCR4. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1961-71. [PMID: 27573814 PMCID: PMC5030798 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Essers et al. find that the extracellular matrix adaptor protein Matrilin-4 confers a resistance to stress stimuli in hematopoietic stem cells. During homeostasis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mostly kept in quiescence with only minor contribution to steady-state hematopoiesis. However, in stress situations such as infection, chemotherapy, or transplantation, HSCs are forced to proliferate and rapidly regenerate compromised hematopoietic cells. Little is known about the processes regulating this stress-induced proliferation and expansion of HSCs and progenitors. In this study, we identified the extracellular matrix (ECM) adaptor protein Matrilin-4 (Matn4) as an important negative regulator of the HSC stress response. Matn4 is highly expressed in long-term HSCs; however, it is not required for HSC maintenance under homeostasis. In contrast, Matn4 is strongly down-regulated in HSCs in response to proliferative stress, and Matn4 deficiency results in increased proliferation and expansion of HSCs and progenitors after myelosuppressive chemotherapy, inflammatory stress, and transplantation. This enhanced proliferation is mediated by a transient down-regulation of CXCR4 in Matn4−/− HSCs upon stress, allowing for a more efficient expansion of HSCs. Thus, we have uncovered a novel link between the ECM protein Matn4 and cytokine receptor CXCR4 involved in the regulation of HSC proliferation and expansion under acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Uckelmann
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaszkiewicz
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Nicolae
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Simon Haas
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wurzer
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany Department of General, Trauma, Hand, and Plastic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marieke Alida Gertruda Essers
- HSCs and Stress Group, Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technologies and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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228
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Katkoori VR, Basson MD, Bond VC, Manne U, Bumpers HL. Nef-M1, a peptide antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colon and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27763-77. [PMID: 26318034 PMCID: PMC4695024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nef-M1 peptide competes effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in colon cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Its role in tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, key steps involved in tumor growth and metastasis, are unknown. We evaluated the angioinhibitory effect of Nef-M1 peptide and examined its role in the inhibition of EMT in these cancers. Colon (HT29) and breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cells expressing CXCR4 were studied in vitro and in xenograft tumors propagated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with Nef-M1 or scrambled amino acid sequence of Nef-M1 (sNef-M1) peptide, a negative control, starting at the time of tumor implantation. Sections from tumors were evaluated for tumor angiogenesis, as measured by microvessel density (MVD) based on immunostaining of endothelial markers. In vitro tumor angiogenesis was assessed by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned media from the tumor cell lines. A BC cell line (MDA-MB 468) which does not express CXCR4 was used to study the actions of Nef-M1 peptide. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses assessed the effect of Nef-M1 on tumor angiogenesis and EMT in both tumors and cancer cells. Metastatic lesions of CRC and BC expressed more CXCR4 than primary lesions. It was also found that tumors from mice treated with sNef-M1 had well established vascularity, while Nef-M1 treated tumors had very poor vascularization. Indeed, the mean MVD was lower in tumors from Nef-M1 treated mice than in sNef-M1 treated tumors. Nef-M1 treated tumor has poor morphology and loss of endothelial integrity. Although conditioned medium from CRC or BC cells supported HUVEC tube formation, the conditioned medium from Nef-M1 treated CRC or BC cells did not support tube formation. Western blot analyses revealed that Nef-M1 effectively suppressed the expression of VEGF-A in CRC and BC cells and tumors. This suggests that Nef-M1 treated CRC and BC cells are more consistent with E-cadherin signature, and thus appears more epithelial in nature. Our data indicate that Nef-M1 peptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and the oncogenic EMT process. Targeting the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, mediated pathways using Nef-M1 may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for CRC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Katkoori
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harvey L Bumpers
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
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Mona CE, Besserer-Offroy É, Cabana J, Lefrançois M, Boulais PE, Lefebvre MR, Leduc R, Lavigne P, Heveker N, Marsault É, Escher E. Structure–Activity Relationship and Signaling of New Chimeric CXCR4 Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7512-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Mona
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Cabana
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marilou Lefrançois
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philip E. Boulais
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marie-Reine Lefebvre
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emanuel Escher
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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230
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Drynda A, Ren Q, Buchhorn GH, Lohmann CH. The induction of CXCR4 expression in human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) by CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2326-2332. [PMID: 27504737 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteolysis which leads to aseptic loosening of implants is a fundamental problem in joint replacement surgery (arthroplasty) and the leading cause for implant failure and revision surgery. Metal (CoCr) particles separated from implants by wear cause osteolysis and the failure of orthopedic implants, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to play a pivotal role in periprosthetic osteolysis. The aim of this study was to determine which signal transduction pathway (PLC-DAG-PKC or MAPK/ERK) induces CXCR4 expression in osteoblast-like cells (MG63) cells. METHODS MG63 and Jurkat cells were stimulated with different amounts of particles (107 , 106 , and 105 ) for different time periods (30 min to 24 h), in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors (chelerythrine for the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway and PD98059 for the MAPK/ERK pathway). The expression of CXCR4-specific mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PKC activity was measured by Western Blot using an antibody specific for PKC-related phosphorylation. RESULTS Real-time PCR data showed that CXCR4 mRNA expression in MG63 cells induced by CoCr particles was significantly diminished by the PKC-specific inhibitor chelerythrine. This effect was not observed with the MAPK/ERK inhibitor PD98059. The involvement of PKC was also confirmed by an intensified phosphorylation pattern after stimulation with CoCr particles. In Jurkat cells, none of the inhibitors exhibited any effect. CONCLUSION The induction of CXCR4-specific mRNA expression in MG63 cells after stimulation with CoCr particles is regulated by the PLC-DAG-PKC pathway and not by the MAPK/ERK pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2326-2332, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Drynda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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231
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Cross-talk between the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in stem cell homing and myocardial repair: Potential impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:100-107. [PMID: 27484974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), glycyl-prolyl-naphthylamidase, is a serine protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various proline-containing polypeptides. It is involved in the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), having in this way a profound influence on glucose metabolism. During organ damage, stromal and endothelial cells produce a chemokine known as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a powerful chemoattractant of stem/progenitor cells. SDF-1 binds to a specific α-chemokine receptor (CXCR4) and can be degraded by proteases, including matrix DPP-4/CD26, presented in the circulation, or activated in injured tissues. DPP-4 inhibition has received considerable attention because of its significant therapeutic benefits in the regulation of insulin secretion and tissue insulin sensitivity, the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenesis, tissue repair, especially after myocardial infarction, and regulation of endocrine function. Inhibition of circulating proteases appears to maintain the optimal endogenous SDF-1 concentration and may enhance homing of endothelial progenitor cells. In the present article, we present an overview of some basic facts about the role of DPP-4 in glucose homeostasis, the mechanism of its inhibition, and a brief summary of available DPP-4 inhibitors. Furthermore, since protection against the overactivity of proteases is important for restorating cardiac function and repair after myocardial damage, necrosis and apoptosis, we propose that administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor may also be beneficial following myocardial infarction by the prevention of cleavage of stem cell chemoattractant cytokine SDF-1.
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232
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Mishra RK, Shum AK, Platanias LC, Miller RJ, Schiltz GE. Discovery and characterization of novel small-molecule CXCR4 receptor agonists and antagonists. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30155. [PMID: 27456816 PMCID: PMC4960487 DOI: 10.1038/srep30155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 are involved in a large number of physiological processes including HIV-1 infectivity, inflammation, tumorigenesis, stem cell migration, and autoimmune diseases. While previous efforts have identified a number of CXCR4 antagonists, there have been no small molecule agonists reported. Herein, we describe the identification of a novel series of CXCR4 modulators, including the first small molecules to display agonist behavior against this receptor, using a combination of structure- and ligand-based virtual screening. These agonists produce robust calcium mobilization in human melanoma cell lines which can be blocked by the CXCR4-selective antagonist AMD3100. We also demonstrate the ability of these new agonists to induce receptor internalization, ERK activation, and chemotaxis, all hallmarks of CXCR4 activation. Our results describe a new series of biologically relevant small molecules that will enable further study of the CXCR4 receptor and may contribute to the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama K Mishra
- The Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- The Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
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233
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Zhou H, Manthey J, Lioutikova E, Yang W, Yoshigoe K, Yang MQ, Wang H. The up-regulation of Myb may help mediate EGCG inhibition effect on mouse lung adenocarcinoma. Hum Genomics 2016; 10 Suppl 2:19. [PMID: 27461468 PMCID: PMC4965723 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer in experimental studies through its antioxidant activity and modulations on cellular functions by binding specific proteins. By means of computational analysis and functional genomic approaches, we previously identified a set of protein coding genes and microRNAs whose expressions were significantly modulated in response to the EGCG treatment in tobacco carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma in A/J mice. However, to what degree these genes are involved in the cancer inhibition of EGCG remains unclear. Results In this study, we further employed statistical methods and literature research to analyze these data in combination with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung adenocarcinoma datasets for additional data mining. Under the assumption that, if a gene mediates EGCG’s cancer inhibition, its expression level change caused by EGCG should be opposite to what occurred in the carcinogenesis, we identified Myb and Peg3 as the primary putative genes involved in the cancer inhibitory activity. Further analysis suggested that the regulation of Myb could be mediated through an EGCG-upregulated microRNA, miR-449c-5p. Conclusions Although the actions of EGCG involve multiple targets/pathways, further analysis by mining the existing genomic datasets revealed that the upregulations of Myb and Peg3 are likely the key anti-cancer events of EGCG in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40246-016-0072-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Mathematical Science, School of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA.
| | - Joseph Manthey
- Department of Mathematical Science, School of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA
| | - Ekaterina Lioutikova
- Department of Mathematical Science, School of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA
| | - William Yang
- Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Kenji Yoshigoe
- Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Centre for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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234
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Heregulin/ErbB3 Signaling Enhances CXCR4-Driven Rac1 Activation and Breast Cancer Cell Motility via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2011-26. [PMID: 27185877 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00180-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor heregulin (HRG), a ligand of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors, contributes to breast cancer development and the promotion of metastatic disease, and its expression in breast tumors has been associated with poor clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. In this study, we found that breast cancer cells exposed to sustained HRG treatment show markedly enhanced Rac1 activation and migratory activity in response to the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12, effects mediated by P-Rex1, a Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) aberrantly expressed in breast cancer. Notably, HRG treatment upregulates surface expression levels of CXCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in breast cancer metastasis and an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. A detailed mechanistic analysis revealed that CXCR4 upregulation and sensitization of the Rac response/motility by HRG are mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) via ErbB3 and independently of ErbB4. HRG caused prominent induction in the nuclear expression of HIF-1α, which transcriptionally activates the CXCR4 gene via binding to a responsive element located in positions -1376 to -1372 in the CXCR4 promoter, as revealed by mutagenesis analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our results uncovered a novel function for ErbB3 in enhancing breast cancer cell motility and sensitization of the P-Rex1/Rac1 pathway through HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional induction of CXCR4.
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235
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Cutolo P, Basdevant N, Bernadat G, Bachelerie F, Ha-Duong T. Interaction of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in monomeric and dimeric state with its endogenous ligand CXCL12: coarse-grained simulations identify differences. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:399-412. [PMID: 26813575 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1145142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent resolutions of the crystal structure of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in complex with small antagonists or viral chemokine, a description at the molecular level of the interactions between the full-length CXCR4 and its endogenous ligand, the chemokine CXCL12, in relationship with the receptor recognition and activation, is not yet completely elucidated. Moreover, since CXCR4 is able to form dimers, the question of whether the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex has a 1:1 or 2:1 preferential stoichiometry is still an open question. We present here results of coarse-grained protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulations of CXCL12 in association with CXCR4 in monomeric and dimeric states. Our proposed models for the 1:1 and 2:1 CXCR4-CXCL12 quaternary structures are consistent with recognition and activation motifs of both partners provided by the available site-directed mutagenesis data. Notably, we observed that in the 2:1 complex, the chemokine N-terminus makes more steady contacts with the receptor residues critical for binding and activation than in the 1:1 structure, suggesting that the 2:1 stoichiometry would favor the receptor signaling activity with respect to the 1:1 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cutolo
- a UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology , Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Clamart , France
| | - Nathalie Basdevant
- b LAMBE - UMR 8587, Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne, CNRS , Evry , France
| | - Guillaume Bernadat
- c BioCIS - UMR 8076, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- a UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology , Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Clamart , France
| | - Tâp Ha-Duong
- c BioCIS - UMR 8076, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Increases Vascular Leakage in Retina through VE-cadherin Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29393. [PMID: 27381080 PMCID: PMC4933943 DOI: 10.1038/srep29393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients. DPP4-inhibitors, however, accumulate stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a well-known inducer of vascular leakage and angiogenesis both of which are fundamental pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DPP4-inhibitors on vascular permeability and diabetic retinopathy. DPP4-inhibitor (diprotin A or sitagliptin) increased the phosphorylation of Src and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in human endothelial cells and disrupted endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, which were attenuated by CXCR4 (receptor of SDF-1α)-blocker or Src-inhibitor. Disruption of endothelial cell-to-cell junctions in the immuno-fluorescence images correlated with the actual leakage of the endothelial monolayer in the transwell endothelial permeability assay. In the Miles assay, vascular leakage was observed in the ears into which SDF-1α was injected, and this effect was aggravated by DPP4-inhibitor. In the model of retinopathy of prematurity, DPP4-inhibitor increased not only retinal vascularity but also leakage. Additionally, in the murine diabetic retinopathy model, DPP4-inhibitor increased the phosphorylation of Src and VE-cadherin and aggravated vascular leakage in the retinas. Collectively, DPP4-inhibitor induced vascular leakage by augmenting the SDF-1α/CXCR4/Src/VE-cadherin signaling pathway. These data highlight safety issues associated with the use of DPP4-inhibitors.
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237
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CXCR4 signaling in health and disease. Immunol Lett 2016; 177:6-15. [PMID: 27363619 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate multiple processes such morphogenesis, angiogenesis and immune responses. Among the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 stands out for its pleiotropic roles as well as for its involvement in several pathological conditions, including immune diseases, viral infections and cancer. For these reasons, CXCR4 represents a crucial target in drug development. In this review, we discuss of CXCR4 receptor properties and signaling in health and diseases, focusing on the WHIM syndrome, an inherited immunodeficiency caused by mutations of the CXCR4 gene.
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238
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Evans AE, Tripathi A, LaPorte HM, Brueggemann LI, Singh AK, Albee LJ, Byron KL, Tarasova NI, Volkman BF, Cho TY, Gaponenko V, Majetschak M. New Insights into Mechanisms and Functions of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Receptor 4 Heteromerization in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060971. [PMID: 27331810 PMCID: PMC4926503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) heteromerizes with α1A/B-adrenoceptors (AR) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) and that CXCR4:α1A/B-AR heteromers are important for α1-AR function in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Structural determinants for CXCR4 heteromerization and functional consequences of CXCR4:α1A/B-AR heteromerization in intact arteries, however, remain unknown. Utilizing proximity ligation assays (PLA) to visualize receptor interactions in VSMC, we show that peptide analogs of transmembrane-domain (TM) 2 and TM4 of CXCR4 selectively reduce PLA signals for CXCR4:α1A-AR and CXCR4:ACKR3 interactions, respectively. While both peptides inhibit CXCL12-induced chemotaxis, only the TM2 peptide inhibits phenylephrine-induced Ca2+-fluxes, contraction of VSMC and reduces efficacy of phenylephrine to constrict isolated arteries. In a Cre-loxP mouse model to delete CXCR4 in VSMC, we observed 60% knockdown of CXCR4. PLA signals for CXCR4:α1A/B-AR and CXCR4:ACKR3 interactions in VSMC, however, remained constant. Our observations point towards TM2/4 of CXCR4 as possible contact sites for heteromerization and suggest that TM-derived peptide analogs permit selective targeting of CXCR4 heteromers. A molecular dynamics simulation of a receptor complex in which the CXCR4 homodimer interacts with α1A-AR via TM2 and with ACKR3 via TM4 is presented. Our findings further imply that CXCR4:α1A-AR heteromers are important for intrinsic α1-AR function in intact arteries and provide initial and unexpected insights into the regulation of CXCR4 heteromerization in VSMC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Evans
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Heather M LaPorte
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Lioubov I Brueggemann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Lauren J Albee
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Kenneth L Byron
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, PO Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Thomas Yoonsang Cho
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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239
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Liebick M, Schläger C, Oppermann M. Analysis of Chemokine Receptor Trafficking by Site-Specific Biotinylation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157502. [PMID: 27310579 PMCID: PMC4911081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors undergo internalization and desensitization in response to ligand activation. Internalized receptors are either preferentially directed towards recycling pathways (e.g. CCR5) or sorted for proteasomal degradation (e.g. CXCR4). Here we describe a method for the analysis of receptor internalization and recycling based on specific Bir A-mediated biotinylation of an acceptor peptide coupled to the receptor, which allows a more detailed analysis of receptor trafficking compared to classical antibody-based detection methods. Studies on constitutive internalization of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 (12.1% ± 0.99% receptor internalization/h) and CCR5 (13.7% ± 0.68%/h) reveals modulation of these processes by inverse (TAK779; 10.9% ± 0.95%/h) or partial agonists (Met-CCL5; 15.6% ± 0.5%/h). These results suggest an actively driven internalization process. We also demonstrate the advantages of specific biotinylation compared to classical antibody detection during agonist-induced receptor internalization, which may be used for immunofluorescence analysis as well. Site-specific biotinylation may be applicable to studies on trafficking of transmembrane proteins, in general.
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MESH Headings
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Basophils/cytology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/metabolism
- Biotin/chemistry
- Biotin/metabolism
- Biotinylation
- CCR5 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics
- Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Mice
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR5/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR5/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Liebick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Christian Schläger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Martin Oppermann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
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240
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Broussas M, Boute N, Akla B, Berger S, Beau-Larvor C, Champion T, Robert A, Beck A, Haeuw JF, Goetsch L, Bailly C, Dumontet C, Matthes T, Corvaia N, Klinguer-Hamour C. A New Anti-CXCR4 Antibody That Blocks the CXCR4/SDF-1 Axis and Mobilizes Effector Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1890-9. [PMID: 27297868 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The type IV C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor (CXCR4) is expressed in a large variety of human cancers, including hematologic malignancies, and this receptor and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), play a crucial role in cancer progression. We generated a humanized immunoglobulin G1 mAb, hz515H7, which binds human CXCR4, efficiently competes for SDF-1 binding, and induces a conformational change in CXCR4 homodimers. Furthermore, it inhibits both CXCR4 receptor-mediated G-protein activation and β-arrestin-2 recruitment following CXCR4 activation. The binding of the hz515H7 antibody to CXCR4 inhibits the SDF-1-induced signaling pathway, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of downstream effectors, such as Akt, Erk1/2, p38, and GSK3β. Hz515H7 also strongly inhibits cell migration and proliferation and, while preserving normal blood cells, induces both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against neoplastic cells. In mouse xenograft models, hz515H7 displays antitumor activities with multiple hematologic tumor cell lines, with its Fc-mediated effector functions proving essential in this context. Furthermore, hz515H7 binds to primary tumor cells from acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma patients. Collectively, our results demonstrate two major mechanisms of action, making hz515H7 unique in this regard. Its potential as a best-in-class molecule is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1890-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Broussas
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Nicolas Boute
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Barbara Akla
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sven Berger
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Charlotte Beau-Larvor
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Thierry Champion
- Department of Physico-chemistry, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Robert
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Department of Physico-chemistry, CIPF, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | | | - Liliane Goetsch
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Christian Bailly
- Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thomas Matthes
- Hematology Service and Service of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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241
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Byrum ML, Pondenis HC, Fredrickson RL, Wycislo KL, Fan TM. Downregulation of CXCR4 Expression and Functionality After Zoledronate Exposure in Canine Osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1187-96. [PMID: 27251585 PMCID: PMC5089657 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The establishment and progression of metastases remains the life‐limiting factor for dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS). The pattern of metastases is likely regulated through interactions between chemokine receptors and chemokines, and perturbations in these signaling cascades responsible for cytoskeletal organization and directional migration have the potential to alter metastatic cell trafficking behaviors. Hypothesis Zoledronate will impair directional migration of OS cells through downregulation of chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and functionality. Samples Nineteen archived tumor specimens and plasma from 20 dogs with OS. Methods Prospectively, the expressions of CXCR4 were studied in OS cell lines and spontaneous tumor samples. The effect of zoledronate on CXCR4 expression and functionality was investigated by characterizing responses in 3 OS cell lines. In 19 OS specimens and 20 dogs with OS, changes in CXCR4 expression and circulating CXCR4 concentrations were characterized in response to zoledronate therapy respectively. Results All canine OS cells express CXCR4, and zoledronate reduces CXCR4 expression and functionality by 27.7% (P < .0001), through augmented proteasome degradation and reduced prenylation of heterotrimeric G‐proteins in 33% of tumor cell lines evaluated. In OS‐bearing dogs, zoledronate reduces CXCR4 expressions by 40% within the primary tumor compared to untreated controls (P = .03) and also decreases the circulating concentrations of CXCR4 in 18 of 20 dogs with OS. Conclusions and clinical importance Zoledronate can alter CXCR4 expression and functionality in OS cells, and consequent perturbations in CXCR4 intracellular signaling cascades might influence patterns of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Byrum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - H C Pondenis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - R L Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - K L Wycislo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - T M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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242
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Behnam Azad B, Lisok A, Chatterjee S, Poirier JT, Pullambhatla M, Luker GD, Pomper MG, Nimmagadda S. Targeted Imaging of the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7) in Human Cancer Xenografts. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:981-8. [PMID: 26912435 PMCID: PMC5261856 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 (formerly CXCR7), overexpressed in various cancers compared with normal tissues, plays a pivotal role in adhesion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor cell survival. ACKR3 modulates the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor growth. The therapeutic potential of ACKR3 has also been demonstrated in various murine models of human cancer. Literature findings underscore the importance of ACKR3 in disease progression and suggest it as an important diagnostic marker for noninvasive imaging of ACKR3-overexpressing malignancies. There are currently no reports on direct receptor-specific detection of ACKR3 expression. Here we report the evaluation of a radiolabeled ACKR3-targeted monoclonal antibody (ACKR3-mAb) for the noninvasive in vivo nuclear imaging of ACKR3 expression in human breast, lung, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cancer xenografts. METHODS ACKR3 expression data were extracted from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project. (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb was evaluated in vitro and subsequently in vivo by PET and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice xenografted with breast (MDA-MB-231-ACKR3 [231-ACKR3], MDA-MB-231 [231], MCF7), lung (HCC95), or esophageal (KYSE520) cancer cells. In addition, ACKR3-mAb was radiolabeled with (125)I and evaluated by SPECT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies. RESULTS ACKR3 transcript levels were highest in lung squamous cell carcinoma among the 21 cancer type data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Also, Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project data showed that lung squamous cell carcinoma had the highest CXCR7 transcript levels compared with other lung cancer subtypes. The (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb was produced in 80% ± 5% radiochemical yields with greater than 98% radiochemical purity. In vitro cell uptake of (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb correlated with gradient levels of cell surface ACKR3 expression observed by flow cytometry. In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in mice with breast, lung, and esophageal cancer xenografts consistently showed enhanced (89)Zr-ACKR3-mAb uptake in high-ACKR3-expressing tumors. SPECT imaging of (125)I-ACKR3-mAb showed the versatility of ACKR3-mAb for in vivo monitoring of ACKR3 expression. CONCLUSION Data from this study suggest ACKR3 to be a viable diagnostic marker and demonstrate the utility of radiolabeled ACKR3-mAb for in vivo visualization of ACKR3-overexpressing malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Biological Transport
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Imaging/methods
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Radioisotopes
- Receptors, CXCR/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Zirconium/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Behnam Azad
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ala Lisok
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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243
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Deveza L, Choi J, Lee J, Huang N, Cooke J, Yang F. Polymer-DNA Nanoparticle-Induced CXCR4 Overexpression Improves Stem Cell Engraftment and Tissue Regeneration in a Mouse Hindlimb Ischemia Model. Theranostics 2016; 6:1176-89. [PMID: 27279910 PMCID: PMC4893644 DOI: 10.7150/thno.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease affects nearly 202 million individuals worldwide, sometimes leading to non-healing ulcers or limb amputations in severe cases. Genetically modified stem cells offer potential advantages for therapeutically inducing angiogenesis via augmented paracrine release mechanisms and tuned dynamic responses to environmental stimuli at disease sites. Here, we report the application of nanoparticle-induced CXCR4-overexpressing stem cells in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model. We found that CXCR4 overexpression improved stem cell survival, modulated inflammation in situ, and accelerated blood reperfusion. These effects, unexpectedly, led to complete limb salvage and skeletal muscle repair, markedly outperforming the efficacy of the conventional angiogenic factor control, VEGF. Importantly, assessment of CXCR4-overexpressing stem cells in vitro revealed that CXCR4 overexpression induced changes in paracrine signaling of stem cells, promoting a therapeutically desirable pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory phenotype. These results suggest that nanoparticle-induced CXCR4 overexpression may promote favorable phenotypic changes and therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in response to the ischemic environment.
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244
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Bamidele AO, Kremer KN, Hirsova P, Clift IC, Gores GJ, Billadeau DD, Hedin KE. IQGAP1 promotes CXCR4 chemokine receptor function and trafficking via EEA-1+ endosomes. J Cell Biol 2016. [PMID: 26195666 PMCID: PMC4508899 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 mediates CXCR4 cell surface expression and signaling by regulating EEA-1+ endosome interactions with microtubules during CXCR4 trafficking and recycling. IQ motif–containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a cytoskeleton-interacting scaffold protein. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that binds stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1; also known as CXCL12). Both IQGAP1 and CXCR4 are overexpressed in cancer cell types, yet it was unclear whether these molecules functionally interact. Here, we show that depleting IQGAP1 in Jurkat T leukemic cells reduced CXCR4 expression, disrupted trafficking of endocytosed CXCR4 via EEA-1+ endosomes, and decreased efficiency of CXCR4 recycling. SDF-1–induced cell migration and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK) MAPK were strongly inhibited, even when forced overexpression restored CXCR4 levels. Similar results were seen in KMBC and HEK293 cells. Exploring the mechanism, we found that SDF-1 treatment induced IQGAP1 binding to α-tubulin and localization to CXCR4-containing endosomes and that CXCR4-containing EEA-1+ endosomes were abnormally located distal from the microtubule (MT)-organizing center (MTOC) in IQGAP1-deficient cells. Thus, IQGAP1 critically mediates CXCR4 cell surface expression and signaling, evidently by regulating EEA-1+ endosome interactions with MTs during CXCR4 trafficking and recycling. IQGAP1 may similarly promote CXCR4 functions in other cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale O Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ian C Clift
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Neurobiology of Disease Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Karen E Hedin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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245
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Sheng X, Zhong H, Wan H, Zhong J, Chen F. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor inhibits CXCR4/SDF-1α signaling and overcomes stromal-mediated drug resistance in the HL-60 cell line. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:396-404. [PMID: 27347068 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has demonstrated marked efficacy in the treatment of elderly and relapsed/refractory patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the role of G-CSF remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of G-CSF to overcome stromal-mediated drug resistance and the underlying molecular mechanism. Two types of co-culture models were established in the HS-5 human bone marrow/stromal and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines, in order to imitate the interactions between stromal and leukemia cells in vitro, which is mediated by the stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α signaling axis. In the present study, HL-60 cells were attracted and adhered to HS-5 cells using migration assay and flow cytometry, respectively; however, these interactions were inhibited by treatment with G-CSF and/or the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, AMD3100. Co-culture with HS-5 cells, including direct and indirect contact, protected HL-60 cells against spontaneous apoptosis or drug-induced apoptosis; however, these protective effects were disrupted by treatment with G-CSF and/or AMD3100. Notably, G-CSF and/or AMD3100 did not alter cell viability or apoptosis when HL-60 cells were cultured with medium alone. In addition, G-CSF significantly reduced the expression levels of surface CXCR4 protein, total CXCR4 protein and CXCR4 mRNA, and significantly upregulated the expression of microRNA (miR)-146a. Conversely, AMD3100 significantly reduced surface CXCR4 expression levels, but not the total CXCR4, CXCR4 mRNA or miR-146a expression levels. The results of the present study suggested that interfering with the CXCR4/SDF-1α signaling axis via G-CSF inhibited the migration and adhesion of HL-60 cells to HS-5 cells and eliminated HS5 cell-mediated protective effects. Furthermore, G-CSF administration reduced CXCR4 expression levels by upregulating the expression of miR-146a, whereas AMD3100 appeared to be predominantly dependent on receptor internalization. Therefore, a G-CSF/miR-146a/CXCR4 pathway may explain how G-CSF inhibits CXCR4/SDF-1α signaling and overcomes stromal cell-mediated drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wan
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jihua Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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246
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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From biased signalling to polypharmacology: unlocking unique intracellular signalling using pepducins. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:555-61. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For over a decade, pepducins have been utilized to develop unique pharmacological profiles that have been particularly challenging for traditional drug discovery methods. It is becoming increasingly clear that these cell-penetrating lipopeptides can access receptor conformations that are currently not accessible through orthosteric targeting. This review addresses the emerging concepts in the development of pepducins including the elicitation of biased signalling, pepducin polypharmacology and recent insight into their mechanism of action.
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Liu Q, Pan C, Lopez L, Gao J, Velez D, Anaya-O'Brien S, Ulrick J, Littel P, Corns JS, Ellenburg DT, Malech HL, Murphy PM, McDermott DH. WHIM Syndrome Caused by Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia-Associated Mutation CXCR4 (L329fs). J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:397-405. [PMID: 27059040 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHIM syndrome is an autosomal dominant immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations affecting the carboxy-terminus of CXCR4. To characterize novel genetic causes of the syndrome, we recruited a pediatric patient with possible WHIM syndrome, performed CXCR4 gene sequencing and compared his clinical phenotype and CXCR4 tail amino acid sequences with other patients with WHIM syndrome carrying CXCR4 (R334X) mutations. We identified and biochemically characterized a heterozygous 5 base pair deletion (nucleotides 986-990) located in the portion of the open reading frame (ORF) of CXCR4 that encodes the carboxy-terminal domain of the receptor. This CXCR4 (L329fs) mutation causes a frame-shift at codon 329 resulting in replacement of the final 24 predicted amino acids of the receptor with 12 missense amino acids. Like previously reported WHIM mutations, this frame-shift mutation CXCR4 (L329fs) decreased receptor downregulation in response to the CXCR4 agonist CXCL12 in patient PBMCs as well as in transfected K562 and HEK 293 cells, but increased calcium flux responses in K562 cells to CXCL12 stimulation. Thus, CXCR4 (L329fs) appears to be a de novo autosomal dominant frame-shift gain-of-function mutation that like other carboxy-terminus mutations causes WHIM syndrome. The same CXCR4 (L329fs) frame-shift variant has been reported to occur in tumor cells from a patient with Waldenström's Macroglobulemia (WM), but is caused by a distinct genetic mechanism: insertion of a single nucleotide in the L329 codon, providing additional evidence that the carboxy-terminus of CXCR4 is a genetic hotspot for mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - Catherina Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - Lizbeeth Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - Jiliang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - Daniel Velez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - Sandra Anaya-O'Brien
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean Ulrick
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Littel
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Corns
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA
| | - David H McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11 N107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1886, USA.
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Li H, Liang R, Lu Y, Wang M, Li Z. RTN3 Regulates the Expression Level of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and is Required for Migration of Primordial Germ Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:382. [PMID: 27070582 PMCID: PMC4848882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is a crucial chemokine receptor that plays key roles in primordial germ cell (PGC) homing. To further characterize the CXCR4-mediated migration of PGCs, we screened CXCR4-interacting proteins using yeast two-hybrid screening. We identified reticulon3 (RTN3), a member of the reticulon family, and considered an apoptotic signal transducer, as able to interact directly with CXCR4. Furthermore, we discovered that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCR4 could be regulated by RTN3. We also found that RTN3 altered CXCR4 translocation and localization. Moreover, increasing the signaling of either CXCR4b or RTN3 produced similar PGC mislocalization phenotypes in zebrafish. These results suggested that RTN3 modulates PGC migration through interaction with, and regulation of, CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Mengxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zandong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Beletkaia E, Fenz SF, Pomp W, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Hogendoorn PW, Schmidt T. CXCR4 signaling is controlled by immobilization at the plasma membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:607-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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