201
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Zeng YE, Yao XH, Yan ZP, Liu JX, Liu XH. Potential signaling pathway involved in sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:379-382. [PMID: 27347154 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs when epithelial cells acquire invasive mesenchymal cell characteristics, and the activation of this process has been indicated to be involved in tumor progression. EMT could be induced by growth factors, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically-active lipid that plays an important role in cancer metastasis. S1P also contributes to the activation of EMT. However, the mechanism underlying S1P-induced EMT is unclear. Increased evidence has demonstrated that the cell surface glycocalyx is closed associated with S1P and plays an important role in tumor progression, suggesting that S1P-induced EMT could be Snail-MMP signaling-dependent. Thus, we hypothesize that an S1P-glycocalyx-Snail-MMP signaling axis mediates S1P-induced EMT. This is an essential step towards improved understanding of the underlying mechanism involved in S1P-regulted EMT, and the development of novel diagnostic and anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Heng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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202
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Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060162. [PMID: 27231938 PMCID: PMC4926129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor progression. The cells undergoing EMT upregulate the expression of cell motility-related proteins and show enhanced migration and invasion. The hallmarks of EMT in cancer cells include changed cell morphology and increased metastatic capabilities in cell migration and invasion. Therefore, prevention of EMT is an important tool for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. A novel preventive therapy is needed, such as treatment of natural dietary substances that are nontoxic to normal human cells, but effective in inhibiting cancer cells. Phytoestrogens, such as genistein, resveratrol, kaempferol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), can be raised as possible candidates. They are plant-derived dietary estrogens, which are found in tea, vegetables and fruits, and are known to have various biological efficacies, including chemopreventive activity against cancers. Specifically, these phytoestrogens may induce not only anti-proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but also anti-metastasis by inhibiting the EMT process in various cancer cells. There have been several signaling pathways found to be associated with the induction of the EMT process in cancer cells. Phytoestrogens were demonstrated to have chemopreventive effects on cancer metastasis by inhibiting EMT-associated pathways, such as Notch-1 and TGF-beta signaling. As a result, phytoestrogens can inhibit or reverse the EMT process by upregulating the expression of epithelial phenotypes, including E-cadherin, and downregulating the expression of mesenchymal phenotypes, including N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and vimentin. In this review, we focused on the important roles of phytoestrogens in inhibiting EMT in many types of cancer and suggested phytoestrogens as prominent alternative compounds to chemotherapy.
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203
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Bui L, Hendricks A, Wright J, Chuong CJ, Davé D, Bachoo R, Kim YT. Brain Tumor Genetic Modification Yields Increased Resistance to Paclitaxel in Physical Confinement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26134. [PMID: 27184621 PMCID: PMC4869028 DOI: 10.1038/srep26134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor cells remain highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, particularly malignant and secondary cancers. In this study, we utilized microchannel devices to examine the effect of a confined environment on the viability and drug resistance of the following brain cancer cell lines: primary cancers (glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma), human brain cancer cell lines (D54 and D54-EGFRvIII), and genetically modified mouse astrocytes (wild type, p53-/-, p53-/- PTEN-/-, p53-/- Braf, and p53-/- PTEN-/- Braf). We found that loss of PTEN combined with Braf activation resulted in higher viability in narrow microchannels. In addition, Braf conferred increased resistance to the microtubule-stabilizing drug Taxol in narrow confinement. Similarly, survival of D54-EGFRvIII cells was unaffected following treatment with Taxol, whereas the viability of D54 cells was reduced by 75% under these conditions. Taken together, our data suggests key targets for anticancer drugs based on cellular genotypes and their specific survival phenotypes during confined migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loan Bui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Alissa Hendricks
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Jen Chuong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Digant Davé
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | - Robert Bachoo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
| | - Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA
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204
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Wang Y, Sun B, Zhao X, Zhao N, Sun R, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gu Q, Dong X, Wang M, An J. Twist1-related miR-26b-5p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion by targeting SMAD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:24383-401. [PMID: 27027434 PMCID: PMC5029709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Twist1 is well known to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote tumor metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the EMT process and are associated with metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, microRNA-26b-5p (miR-26b-5p) expression was consistently and significantly downregulated in HepG2-Twist1 HCC cell lines compared with HepG2-vector cell lines using microarrays (the HepG2-Twist1 cell line can stably express Twist1). miR-26b- 5p downregulation was directly mediated by Twist1 through binding to the promoter region of miR-26b-5p in HepG2-Twist1 cells by ChIP-seq technology. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that miR-26b-5p dramatically suppressed EMT and the invasion ability of HCC cells in vitro. Using mouse models, tumors derived from miR- 26b-5p-overexpressed HCC cells exhibited a significant reduction in tumorigenicity compared with the control group. Subsequent investigation revealed that miR-26b-5p directly inhibited SMAD family member 1 (SMAD1) expression. miR-26b-5p repressed BMP4/Smad1 signaling following SMAD1 inhibition. Overexpression of SMAD1 reversed the function of miR-26b-5p. In human HCC tissues and mouse xenograft tumors, miR-26b-5p levels were inversely correlated with SMAD1 expression as well as metastasis. CONCLUSION miR-26b-5p suppresses Twist1-induced EMT, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells by targeting SMAD1 and BMP4/Smad1 signaling. This suggests a promising application for miR-26b-5p in anti-HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dongwang Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jindan An
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang 157011, China
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205
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He DX, Gu F, Gao F, Hao JJ, Gong D, Gu XT, Mao AQ, Jin J, Fu L, Ma X. Genome-wide profiles of methylation, microRNAs, and gene expression in chemoresistant breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24706. [PMID: 27094684 PMCID: PMC4837395 DOI: 10.1038/srep24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoresistance is regulated by complex genetic and epigenetic networks. In this study, the features of gene expression, methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) expression were investigated with high-throughput sequencing in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells resistant to adriamycin (MCF-7/ADM) and paclitaxel (MCF-7/PTX). We found that: ① both of the chemoresistant cell lines had similar, massive changes in gene expression, methylation, and miRNA expression versus chemosensitive controls. ② Pairwise integration of the data highlighted sets of genes that were regulated by either methylation or miRNAs, and sets of miRNAs whose expression was controlled by DNA methylation in chemoresistant cells. ③ By combining the three sets of high-throughput data, we obtained a list of genes whose expression was regulated by both methylation and miRNAs in chemoresistant cells; ④ Expression of these genes was then validated in clinical breast cancer samples to generate a 17-gene signature that showed good predictive and prognostic power in triple-negative breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, our results have generated a new workflow for the integrated analysis of the effects of miRNAs and methylation on gene expression during the development of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Fei Gao
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jun-jun Hao
- State Key Lab of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Desheng Gong
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Gu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ai-Qin Mao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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206
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Xiong Y, Liu Y, Xiong W, Zhang L, Liu H, Du Y, Li N. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells may contribute to the development of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1327-38. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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207
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Abstract
Chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease plays a significant role for poor prognosis of cancer. Growing evidence supports a critical role of cancer stem cell (CSC) behind the mechanisms for this deadly disease. This review briefly introduces the basics of the conventional chemotherapies, updates the CSC theories, highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which CSC smartly designs and utilizes multiple lines of self-defense to avoid being killed by chemotherapy, and concisely summarizes recent progress in studies on CSC-targeted therapies in the end, with the hope to help guide future research toward developing more effective therapeutic strategies to eradicate tumor cells in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihe Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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208
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Wang J, Cheng G, Li X, Pan Y, Qin C, Yang H, Hua L, Wang Z. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA LOC400891 promotes tumor progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9603-13. [PMID: 26797783 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis remain the major obstacles for the successful treatment of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa). In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as key regulators of tumor behavior. In this study, we investigated the biological role and clinical relevance of the lncRNA LOC400891 in prostate cancer. Using of lncRNAs expression chips screening and the biological analysis, we found the target lncRNA (LOC400891). Moreover, the expression levels of lncRNA LOC400891 in PCa tissues and cell lines were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and its association with biochemical recurrence-free survival of patients was analyzed by statistical analysis. Furthermore, the effect of LOC400891 on proliferation, migration, and invasion was studied in PCa cells. We found that the expression level of LOC400891 was higher in PCa tissues and cells compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal prostate stromal immortalized cells WPMY-1. The patients with higher LOC400891 expression had an advanced clinical features and a shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival time than those with lower LOC400891 expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the status of LOC400891 expression was an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence-free survival in PCa. We also found that knockdown of LOC400891 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro study. Our data suggested that lncRNA LOC400891 was a novel molecule involved in PCa progression, which provided a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongsheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Lixin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd, Nanjing, 210029, China
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209
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Yoshida T, Song L, Bai Y, Kinose F, Li J, Ohaegbulam KC, Muñoz-Antonia T, Qu X, Eschrich S, Uramoto H, Tanaka F, Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Roche J, Drabkin HA, Haura EB. ZEB1 Mediates Acquired Resistance to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147344. [PMID: 26789630 PMCID: PMC4720447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one mechanism of acquired resistance to inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinases (EGFR-TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The precise mechanisms of EMT-related acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC remain unclear. We generated erlotinib-resistant HCC4006 cells (HCC4006ER) by chronic exposure of EGFR-mutant HCC4006 cells to increasing concentrations of erlotinib. HCC4006ER cells acquired an EMT phenotype and activation of the TGF-β/SMAD pathway, while lacking both T790M secondary EGFR mutation and MET gene amplification. We employed gene expression microarrays in HCC4006 and HCC4006ER cells to better understand the mechanism of acquired EGFR-TKI resistance with EMT. At the mRNA level, ZEB1 (TCF8), a known regulator of EMT, was >20-fold higher in HCC4006ER cells than in HCC4006 cells, and increased ZEB1 protein level was also detected. Furthermore, numerous ZEB1 responsive genes, such as CDH1 (E-cadherin), ST14, and vimentin, were coordinately regulated along with increased ZEB1 in HCC4006ER cells. We also identified ZEB1 overexpression and an EMT phenotype in several NSCLC cells and human NSCLC samples with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. Short-interfering RNA against ZEB1 reversed the EMT phenotype and, importantly, restored erlotinib sensitivity in HCC4006ER cells. The level of micro-RNA-200c, which can negatively regulate ZEB1, was significantly reduced in HCC4006ER cells. Our results suggest that increased ZEB1 can drive EMT-related acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. Attempts should be made to explore targeting ZEB1 to resensitize TKI-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lanxi Song
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kim C. Ohaegbulam
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Teresita Muñoz-Antonia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joëlle Roche
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Harry A. Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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210
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Park SJ, Kim JG, Kim ND, Yang K, Shim JW, Heo K. Estradiol, TGF-β1 and hypoxia promote breast cancer stemness and EMT-mediated breast cancer migration. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1895-1902. [PMID: 26998096 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women, acting as a distinct cause of mortality, and has a high incidence of recurrence. External stimuli, including 17β-estradiol (E2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and hypoxia, may be important in breast cancer growth and metastasis. However, the effects of these stimuli on breast cancer stem cell (CSC) regulation have not been fully investigated. In the present study, the proportion of cluster of differentiation (CD)44+/CD24-/low cells increased following treatment with E2, TGF-β1 and hypoxia in MCF-7 cells. The expression of CSC markers, including SOX2, KLF4 and ABCG2, was upregulated continually by E2, TGF-β1 and hypoxia. In addition, the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated factors increased following treatment with E2, TGF-β1 and hypoxia. Therefore, the migration ability of E2-, TGF-β1- and hypoxia-treated MCF-7 cells was enhanced compared with control cells. In addition, the enhancement of apoptosis by 5-flurouracil or radiation was abolished following treatment with E2, TGF-β1 and hypoxia. These results indicate that E2, TGF-β1 and hypoxia are important for regulating breast CSCs, and that the modulation of the microenvironment in tumors may improve the efficiency of breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gook Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Shim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
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211
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Mandal M, Ghosh B, Anura A, Mitra P, Pathak T, Chatterjee J. Modeling continuum of epithelial mesenchymal transition plasticity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:167-76. [PMID: 26762753 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Living systems respond to ambient pathophysiological changes by altering their phenotype, a phenomenon called 'phenotypic plasticity'. This program contains information about adaptive biological dynamism. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one such process found to be crucial in development, wound healing, and cancer wherein the epithelial cells with restricted migratory potential develop motile functions by acquiring mesenchymal characteristics. In the present study, phase contrast microscopy images of EMT induced HaCaT cells were acquired at 24 h intervals for 96 h. The expression study of relevant pivotal molecules viz. F-actin, vimentin, fibronectin and N-cadherin was carried out to confirm the EMT process. Cells were intuitively categorized into five distinct morphological phenotypes. A population of 500 cells for each temporal point was selected to quantify their frequency of occurrence. The plastic interplay of cell phenotypes from the observations was described as a Markovian process. A model was formulated empirically using simple linear algebra, to depict the possible mechanisms of cellular transformation among the five phenotypes. This work employed qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative tools towards illustration and establishment of the EMT continuum. Thus, it provides a newer perspective to understand the embedded plasticity across the EMT spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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212
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Unahabhokha T, Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V. The attenuation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and induction of anoikis by gigantol in human lung cancer H460 cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8633-41. [PMID: 26733180 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the major cause of death within patients due to the high metastatic rate. One of the most essential processes of metastasis is the ability of cancer cells to resist the programmed cell death in a detached condition called anoikis. The discoveries of new natural compound that is able to sensitize anoikis in cancer cells have garnered the most interest in cancer pharmaceutical science. Gigantol, a bibenzyl compound extracted from Dendrobium draconis, has been a promising natural derived compound for cancer therapy due to several cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. This study has demonstrated for the first time that gigantol significantly decreases lung cancer cells' viability in a detached condition through anoikis and anchorage-independent assays. Western blotting analysis reveals that gigantol greatly decreases epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including N-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug leading to a significant suppression of protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and caveolin-1 (cav-1) survival pathways during the detached condition. Therefore, gigantol could be a potential cancer therapeutic compound suggesting for further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitita Unahabhokha
- Pharmaceutical Technology (International) Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330.
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10330.
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213
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Park S, Jang WJ, Jeong CH. Nano-biomechanical Validation of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1488-95. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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214
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition confers resistance to selective FGFR inhibitors in SNU-16 gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:53-62. [PMID: 25407459 PMCID: PMC4688307 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 10 % of primary gastric cancers are characterized by FGFR2 amplification, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors may represent therapeutic agents for patients with these malignancies. However, long-term benefits of the treatment might be limited owing to the occurrence of drug resistance. METHODS To investigate the mechanisms of resistance to selective FGFR inhibitors, we established three FGFR2-amplified SNU-16 gastric cancer cell lines resistant to AZD4547, BGJ398, and PD173074, respectively. RESULTS The resistant cell lines (SNU-16R) demonstrated changes characteristic of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, they displayed loss of expression of FGFR2 and other tyrosine kinase receptors concurrent with activation of downstream signaling proteins and upregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) level. However, treatment of parental SNU-16 cells with TGF-β1 did not evoke EMT, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β receptor I was not sufficient to reverse EMT changes in the resistant cells. Finally, we showed that the SNU-16R cell lines were sensitive to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor mubritinib and the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor AUY922. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provide experimental evidence that EMT-mediated resistance might emerge in gastric cancer patients following treatment with FGFR inhibitors, and mubritinib or AUY922 treatment may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for these patients.
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215
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Transient receptor potential channel C5 in cancer chemoresistance. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:19-24. [PMID: 26657058 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily contains at least 28 homologs in mammalian. These proteins form TRP channels are permeable to monovalent and divalent cations and participate in a variety of physiological functions. Dysregulation of TRP channels is responsible for numerous diseases. This review provides a brief short overview of mammalian TRP channels with a focus on TRPC5 and its role in cancers. Dysregulation of TRPC5 interrupts Ca(2+) homeostasis in cancer cells, which activates signaling pathways that are highly associated with cancer progression, especially cancer chemoresistance. Based on the important role of TRPC5, we also discuss the potential of TRPC5 as a target for therapeutic intervention. Either direct targeting of TRPC5 or indirect interruption of TRPC5-related signaling pathways may effectively overcome cancer chemoresistance.
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216
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Downregulation of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, but promotes apoptosis. J Mol Histol 2015; 47:69-80. [PMID: 26712154 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Previously, evidence suggested that ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) was associated with various signal transduction pathways and tumourigenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that USP14 is a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. A Western blot analysis of USP14 was performed using seven breast cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues and showed that the expression of USP14 was increased in the breast cancer tissues. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of breast cancer samples from 100 cases. Using Pearson's χ(2) test, it was demonstrated that USP14 expression was associated with the histological grade, lymph node status and Ki-67 expression in the tumour. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that increased USP14 expression in patients with breast cancer was associated with a poorer prognosis. In in vitro experiments, the highly migratory MDA-MB-231 cells that were treated with USP14-shRNA (shUSP14) exhibited decreased motility using Transwell migration assays. Next, we employed a starvation and re-feeding assay, and the CCK-8 assay demonstrated that USP14 regulated breast cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry to analyse cellular apoptosis following USP14 knockdown. Taken together, our results suggested that USP14 was involved in the progression of breast cancer.
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217
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Micro-RNAs associated with the evolution of ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 140:259-63. [PMID: 26731723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the leading cause of mortality among women with gynecologic malignancy, in part due to the development of chemoresistance. We sought to identify micro-RNAs (miRNAs) associated with in vitro development of OVCA chemoresistance that may also represent potential targets for therapy. METHODS In this study, four OVCA cell lines (A2780CP, A2780S, IGROV1, and OVCAR5) were serially treated with cisplatin in parallel with measurements of miRNA expression changes. RESULTS Nine miRNAs were found to be associated with increasing cisplatin resistance (IC50) (p<0.01); however, only 5 of these miRNAs have publically available information. Pathway analysis identified 15 molecular signaling pathways that were represented by genes predicted to be targets of the 5 miRNAs (false discovery rate<0.05), 11 of which are associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further analysis identified 2 of those pathways as being associated with overall survival in 218 patients with OVCA. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this panel of miRNAs associated with in vitro evolution of OVCA cisplatin resistance and the pathways identified to be associated with EMT and overall patient survival provide a framework for further investigations into EMT as a therapeutic target in patients with OVCA.
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218
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Xu C, Hua F, Chen Y, Huang H, Ye W, Yu Y, Shen Z. MTA1 promotes metastasis of MPM via suppression of E-cadherin. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:151. [PMID: 26689197 PMCID: PMC4687136 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated gene 1(MTA1) has been identified as an oncogene in many tumors, and aberrant MTA1 expression has been linked to carcinogenesis and metastasis. We aim to investigate the mechanism of MTA1 and metastasis in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect MTA1 and E-cadherin expression in MPM tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues. Stable clone with knock-down of MTA1 was generated with shRNA via lentivirus technology in MPM cell lines. Wound-healing assay, transwell assay and PCR array were carried out for detecting invasion and migration of MPM cells. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the effect of MTA1 on E-cadherin. RESULTS MTA1 expression is up-regulated in MPM and shown a negative correlation with E-cadherin expression. MTA1 could enhance the invasion and migration of MPM cells via suppressing the expression of E-cadherin. MTA1 overexpression is associated with pathology, metastasis and survival rate of MPM patients. CONCLUSIONS MTA1 plays an important role in Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote metastasis via suppressing E-cadherin expression, resulting in a poor prognosis in MPM. MTA1 is a novel biomarker and indicative of a poor prognosis in MPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Yihuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Wenxue Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Yunsheng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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219
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Cai J, Wang M, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yan Y, Qian H, Xu W. N-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine induces the expression of CCR2 in human gastric epithelial cells promoting CCL2-mediated migration. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1083-90. [PMID: 26648448 PMCID: PMC4732851 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has a decisive role in tumorigenesis, particularly in gastric carcinogenesis. The CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), an important inflammatory cytokine, is involved in the initiation, development and progression of various types of cancer. However, the role of CCL2 in gastric cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that recombinant CCL2 stimulation caused no effect on the morphology, proliferation and migration of human GES-1 gastric mucosa epithelial cells, in which the protein expression of CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) was markedly low. However, the expression of CCR2 was significantly upregulated in the GES-1 cells following pretreatment with the chemical carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitro-N′-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), for 12 h or transformed with MNNG (MC cells). The present study used CCL2 to stimulate MNNG pretreated GES-1 cells and MC cells, and demonstrated that CCL2 clearly promoted their migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, no effect was observed on the proliferative ability of the cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that the CCL2/CCR2 chemokine signaling may regulate the EMT in gastric epithelial cells and resulted in gastric carcinogenesis in response to the intake of the carcinogen, MNNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Mengchu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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220
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Zhang J, Na S, Liu C, Pan S, Cai J, Qiu J. MicroRNA-125b suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell invasion by targeting ITGA9 in melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5941-9. [PMID: 26596831 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant miRNAs contribute to the development and progression of human melanoma. Previous studies have shown that miR-125b functions as a suppressor in malignant melanoma. However, the molecular function and mechanism by which miR-125b influences melanoma growth and invasion are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-125b in melanoma progression and metastasis. We found that miR-125b expression is significantly downregulated in primary melanoma, and an even greater downregulation was observed in metastatic invasion. Restored expression of miR-125b in melanoma suppressed cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that upregulating miR-125b significantly inhibits malignant phenotypes by repressing the expression of integrin alpha9 (ITGA9). Finally, our data reveal that upregulated expression of ITGA9 in melanoma tissues is inversely associated with miR-125b levels. Together, our results demonstrate that upregulation of ITGA9 in response to the decrease in miR-125b in metastatic melanoma is responsible for melanoma tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, No.17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Sijia Na
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Caiyue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shuting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Junying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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221
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Lee JS, Kang JH, Boo HJ, Hwang SJ, Hong S, Lee SC, Park YJ, Chung TM, Youn H, Mi Lee S, Jae Kim B, Chung JK, Chung Y, William WN, Kee Shin Y, Lee HJ, Oh SH, Lee HY. STAT3-mediated IGF-2 secretion in the tumour microenvironment elicits innate resistance to anti-IGF-1R antibody. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8499. [PMID: 26465273 PMCID: PMC4608384 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment in medical oncology. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to innate resistance, to molecularly targeted therapies. In this study, we investigate the role of TME in resistance to cixutumumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody that has shown limited clinical efficacy. We show that treatment with cixutumumab accelerates tumour infiltration of stromal cells and metastatic tumour growth, and decreases overall survival of mice. Cixutumumab treatment stimulates STAT3-dependent transcriptional upregulation of IGF-2 in cancer cells and recruitment of macrophages and fibroblasts via paracrine IGF-2/IGF-2R activation, resulting in the stroma-derived CXCL8 production, and thus angiogenic and metastatic environment. Silencing IGF-2 or STAT3 expression in cancer cells or IGF-2R or CXCL8 expression in stromal cells significantly inhibits the cancer-stroma communication and vascular endothelial cells' angiogenic activities. These findings suggest that blocking the STAT3/IGF-2/IGF-2R intercellular signalling loop may overcome the adverse consequences of anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410 769, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621 749, Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Su-Chan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Tae-Moon Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156 707, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156 707, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110 744, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea.,The Center for Anti-Cancer CDx, N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul 151 742, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621 749, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Inchon 406 840, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151 742, Korea
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222
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Nagaoka K, Fujii K, Zhang H, Usuda K, Watanabe G, Ivshina M, Richter JD. CPEB1 mediates epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition and breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 35:2893-901. [PMID: 26411364 PMCID: PMC4809797 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mouse mammary epithelial cells, CPEB1 mediates the apical localization of ZO-1 mRNA, which encodes a critical tight junction component. In mice lacking CPEB1 and in cultured cells from which CPEB has been depleted, randomly distributed ZO-1 mRNA leads to the loss of cell polarity. We have investigated whether this diminution of polarity results in an epithelial-to-mesenchyme (EMT) transition and possible increased metastatic potential. Here, we show that CPEB1-depleted mammary epithelial cells alter their gene expression profile in a manner consistent with an EMT and also become motile, which are made particularly robust when cells are treated with TGF-β, an enhancer of EMT. CPEB1-depleted mammary cells become metastatic to the lung following injection into mouse fat pads while ectopically-expressed CPEB1 prevents metastasis. Surprisingly, CPEB1 depletion causes some EMT/metastasis-related mRNAs to have shorter poly(A) tails while other mRNAs to have longer poly(A) tails. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) mRNA, which encodes a metastasis-promoting factor, undergoes poly(A) lengthening and enhanced translation upon CPEB reduction. Moreover, in human breast cancer cells that become progressively more metastatic, CPEB1 is reduced while MMP9 becomes more abundant. These data suggest that at least in part, CPEB1 regulation of MMP9 mRNA expression mediates metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Usuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ivshina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - J D Richter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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223
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Busaranon K, Plaimee P, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Moscatilin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and sensitizes anoikis in human lung cancer H460 cells. J Nat Med 2015; 70:18-27. [PMID: 26384689 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis in lung cancer has been recognized as an important cause of high mortality. Resistance to anoikis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are critical factors for the successful spread of cancer cells. Compounds that suppress these features of cancer cells should be potentially active for anti-metastasis approaches. We have demonstrated for the first time that moscatilin, at its non-toxic concentrations to lung cancer cells and human normal keratinocytes, significantly decreases lung cancer cell survival in the detached condition, and suppresses the formation of tumors in an anchorage-independent growth assay. Furthermore, we found that moscatilin significantly decreased the activated level of survival proteins, namely ERK and Akt. In addition, moscatilin down-regulated cavelolin-1 (Cav-1), leading to a reduction in anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein. In terms of EMT, treatment of the cells with moscatilin significantly suppressed mesenchymal cell markers, namely vimentin, Slug, and Snail. These results indicate that moscatilin inhibited anoikis resistance in lung cancer cells via survival suppression, Cav-1 down-regulation, and inhibition of EMT. The compound could therefore be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesarin Busaranon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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224
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Ochieng J, Nangami GN, Ogunkua O, Miousse IR, Koturbash I, Odero-Marah V, McCawley LJ, Nangia-Makker P, Ahmed N, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Papagerakis S, Wolf GT, Dong C, Zhou BP, Brown DG, Colacci AM, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Al-Temaimi R, Al-Mulla F, Bisson WH, Eltom SE. The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S128-59. [PMID: 26106135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to stimulate new ideas regarding low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens and their potential to promote invasion and metastasis. Whereas a number of chapters in this review are devoted to the role of low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in specific tumors such as breast and prostate, the overarching theme is the role of low-dose carcinogens in the progression of cancer stem cells. It is becoming clearer that cancer stem cells in a tumor are the ones that assume invasive properties and colonize distant organs. Therefore, low-dose contaminants that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for example, in these cells are of particular interest in this review. This we hope will lead to the collaboration between scientists who have dedicated their professional life to the study of carcinogens and those whose interests are exclusively in the arena of tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy and
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
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225
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Qi S, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang X, Lu Z, Yang C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang N. Aberrant expression of Notch1/numb/snail signaling, an epithelial mesenchymal transition related pathway, in adenomyosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:96. [PMID: 26307032 PMCID: PMC4549837 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, and Notch signaling is crucial to EMT. The objective of this study was to explore Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling in adenomyosis. METHODS The expression levels of the members of the Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling cascade in normal endometria (proliferative phase: n = 15; secretory phase: n = 15; postmenopausal phase: n = 15) and adenomyotic endometria (proliferative phase: n = 15; secretory phase: n = 15) were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS We found that the expressions of Notch1 and the EMT-related proteins N-cadherin, Snail and Slug were upregulated in the ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis compared with normal endometrium. Numb, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, was significantly decreased in adenomyosis. In addition, reduced immunoexpression of E-cadherin was observed in adenomyosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Notch1/Numb/Snail signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunrun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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226
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Vistain LF, Yamamoto N, Rathore R, Cha P, Meade TJ. Targeted Inhibition of Snail Activity in Breast Cancer Cells by Using a Co(III) -Ebox Conjugate. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2065-72. [PMID: 26305708 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transition from a non-invasive to an invasive phenotype is an essential step in tumor metastasis. The Snail family of transcription factors (TFs) is known to play a significant role in this transition. These TFs are zinc fingers that bind to the CAGGTG Ebox consensus sequence. Co(III) -Ebox is a cobalt(III) complex attached to an Ebox oligonucleotide that confers specificity towards Snail TFs. Co(III) -Ebox has been shown to inhibit Snail-mediated embryonic neural crest development in Xenopus laevis, but its efficacy in inhibiting Snail-induced cancer cell invasiveness has not been explored. Here, we describe the efficacy of Co(III) -Ebox in inhibiting the invasive aspects of heregulin-β1(HRG)-treated breast cancer cells. Co(III) -Ebox was found to inhibit the capacity of Snail to repress target genes after HRG induction. Snail inhibition by Co(III) -Ebox reduced the invasive propensity of cells in 2D and 3D, thereby demonstrating promise in inhibiting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Vistain
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Natsuho Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Richa Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Peter Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, Radiology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113, USA.
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227
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Okon IS, Zou MH. Mitochondrial ROS and cancer drug resistance: Implications for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:170-4. [PMID: 26276086 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, a well-coordinated and balanced redox system exists to ensure that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are appropriately utilized to accomplish specific functions, such as signaling and protein regulation. The influence of ROS within malignant cells, whether for good or bad may depend on several factors, such as tumor and tissue type, disease stage, treatment strategy, as well as duration, specificity and levels of ROS. What then are the known roles of ROS in cancer? Firstly, ROS significantly impacts cancer phenotypes. Secondly, the oxidative ROS property responsible for killing cancer cells, also impact secondary signaling networks. Thirdly, a strong correlation exist between ROS and genetic instability which may promote mutations. Finally, emerging observations suggest a role for mitochondrial ROS in cancer drug resistance, with implications for therapy. The mitochondria is a key regulator of metabolic-redox (meta-redox) alterations within cancer cells. Like a double-edged sword, mitochondrial ROS perturbations in cancer therapy may be beneficial or detrimental. However, harnessing ROS-specific cancer-targeting benefits remain a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imoh S Okon
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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228
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Optimization of a small molecule probe that restores e-cadherin expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4260-4. [PMID: 26299347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a ubiquitous trans-membrane protein that has important functions in cellular contacts and has been shown to play a role in the epithelial mesenchymal transition. We have previously reported the use of an HTS screen to identify compounds that are capable of restoring e-cadherin in cancer cells. Here, we report the additional medicinal chemistry optimization of these molecules, resulting in new molecules that restore e-cadherin expression at low micromolar concentrations. Further, we report preliminary pharmacokinetic data on a compound, ML327, that can be used as a probe of e-cadherin restoration.
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229
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DU Y, Li H. Expression of E-cadherin in oral lichen planus. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1544-1548. [PMID: 26622523 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common lesion of the oral mucosa that can progress to cancer. E-cadherin is involved in intercellular adherence and the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of tumors, and is considered to be an important indicator of tumor progression and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of E-cadherin in OLP in order to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP and provide evidence to support the early diagnosis and treatment of OLP with malignant potential. OLP specimens (n=52) and samples of normal oral mucosa (n=41) as the control were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to reveal the expression of E-cadherin in the OLP samples and normal oral mucosa. It was observed that 25 of the 52 OLP specimens exhibited normal positive expression of E-cadherin and 27 exhibited abnormal positive expression, corresponding to an abnormal positive rate of 51.92%. In the normal oral mucosa group, 39 of the 41 cases exhibited normal positive expression and 2 exhibited abnormal positive expression. The abnormal positive rate in the normal oral mucosa was 4.88%, which was significantly lower than that in the OLP group. The significantly elevated rate of abnormal positive expression of E-cadherin in the OLP group indicates the involvement of E-cadherin in the malignant transformation of OLP and supports the malignant potential of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong DU
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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230
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Jolly MK, Boareto M, Huang B, Jia D, Lu M, Ben-Jacob E, Onuchic JN, Levine H. Implications of the Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype in Metastasis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:155. [PMID: 26258068 PMCID: PMC4507461 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes – the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse the mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) – are hallmarks of cancer metastasis. While transitioning between the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, cells can also attain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) (i.e., partial or intermediate EMT) phenotype. Cells in this phenotype have mixed epithelial (e.g., adhesion) and mesenchymal (e.g., migration) properties, thereby allowing them to move collectively as clusters. If these clusters reach the bloodstream intact, they can give rise to clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as have often been seen experimentally. Here, we review the operating principles of the core regulatory network for EMT/MET that acts as a “three-way” switch giving rise to three distinct phenotypes – E, M and hybrid E/M – and present a theoretical framework that can elucidate the role of many other players in regulating epithelial plasticity. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies on partial EMT and its association with drug resistance and tumor-initiating potential; and discuss how cell–cell communication between cells in a partial EMT phenotype can enable the formation of clusters of CTCs. These clusters can be more apoptosis-resistant and have more tumor-initiating potential than singly moving CTCs with a wholly mesenchymal (complete EMT) phenotype. Also, more such clusters can be formed under inflammatory conditions that are often generated by various therapies. Finally, we discuss the multiple advantages that the partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype have as compared to a complete EMT phenotype and argue that these collectively migrating cells are the primary “bad actors” of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Marcelo Boareto
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Bin Huang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Graduate Program in Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; School of Physics and Astronomy, and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel ; Department of Biosciences, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Biosciences, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Biosciences, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
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231
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Feng J, Xu L, Ni S, Gu J, Zhu H, Wang H, Zhang S, Zhang W, Huang J. Involvement of FoxQ1 in NSCLC through regulating EMT and increasing chemosensitivity. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9689-702. [PMID: 25356753 PMCID: PMC4259430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family. High expression of FoxQ1 has been associated with several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its role in the development of NSCLC is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of FoxQ1 up-regulated and down-regulated in vitro and in vivo, and the role of FoxQ1 in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC, providing evidence that FoxQ1 could be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC. NSCLC cells with silenced FoxQ1 had decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in cell culture and delayed growth of xenograft tumors in mice compared with corresponding control cells. The NSCLC cells downregulated for FoxQ1 induced the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and reduction of anti-apoptotic protein expression. Downregulation of FoxQ1 promoted the expression of epithelial markers and decreased several mesenchymal markers in vitro and in vivo. In addition, FoxQ1 was associated with resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In contrast, FoxQ1 overexpressed elicited converse effects on these phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Our findings define a key role for FoxQ1 in regulating EMT and increasing chemosensitivity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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232
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Immunoexpression of N-cadherin, Twist and Vimentin in Bladder Urothelial Carcinomas. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2015; 41:219-226. [PMID: 30534426 PMCID: PMC6246997 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.41.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Epithelial mesenchymal transition consists in the acquisition of neoplastic epithelial cells of a mesenchymal phenotype the process being involved in cancers invasion and metastasis. In this study were analyzed the expression of N-cadherin, Twist and Vimentin in bladder urothelial carcinomas according to the main prognostic parameters. Material/Methods: The study included 20 bladder urothelial carcinomas which were analyzed histopathological, immunohistochemical and statistical. Results: N-cadherin was identified in 45% of cases, which belonged to high-grade carcinomas with deep invasion and lymph node metastases. Twist immunoreaction was identified in all cases and was significantly increased in advanced stages carcinomas. Vimentin was present only in the advancing edge in 25% of cases, which belonged to highly invasive carcinomas. Urothelial carcinoma metastases were N-cadherin and Twist and Vimentin negative. We found a linear positive distribution of N-cadherin and Twist values. Conclusion: the used markers are useful for identifying aggressive urothelial carcinomas in the context of reciprocal stimulation mechanisms inside of urothelial epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.
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233
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Li H, Zhang J, Chen SW, Liu LL, Li L, Gao F, Zhuang SM, Wang LP, Li Y, Song M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts provide a suitable microenvironment for tumor development and progression in oral tongue squamous cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:198. [PMID: 26094024 PMCID: PMC4475624 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is still associated with a poor prognosis due to local recurrence and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the complex processes of cancer stroma interaction and tumorigenesis. This study aims to determine the role of CAFs in the development and progression of OTSCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of CAFs in 178 paraffin specimens from patients with OTSCC. Immunofluorescence, a cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assays and western blot analysis were used to study the effects of CAFs and the corresponding conditioned medium (CM) on the proliferation and invasion of OTSCC cell lines. Results Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the frequency and distribution of CAFs and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cN0 OTSCC, including pathological stage (P = 0.001), T classification (P = 0.001), and N classification (P = 0.009). Survival analysis demonstrated a negative correlation of the frequency and distribution of CAFs with the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with cN0 tongue squamous cell cancer (P = 0.009, 0.002, respectively); Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of CAFs (relative risk: 2.113, CI 1.461–3.015, P = 0.023) is an independent prognostic factor. A functional study demonstrated that CAFs and CM from CAFs could promote the growth, proliferation, mobility, invasion and even Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of OTSCC cells compared with NFs and CM from NFs. Conclusions CAFs were an independent prognostic factor for patients with OTSCC. Compared with NFs, CAFs and their CM have the ability to promote the growth, proliferation, metastasis and even EMT of OTSCC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0551-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Intensive Care, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhuang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- The People's Hospital of Bao'an District Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Choedon T, Mathan G, Kumar V. The traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne exhibits a potent anti-metastatic activity by inhibiting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell migration. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:182. [PMID: 26070932 PMCID: PMC4471927 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Traditional Tibetan medicine, Yukyung Karne has been used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Though Yukyung Karne has been reported to be clinically effective, the molecular mechanism of its anti-metstatic action remains elusive. METHODS The cytotoxic property of Yukyung Karne was evaluated by crystal violet staining while its ability to induce ceramide production was analyzed by sphingomyelinase assay. The anti-metastatic property was investigated using adhesion, invasion, migration and colony formation assays. The effect of Yukyung Karne on the expression of extracellular matrix components, and epithelial and mesenchymal markers were evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blotting. RESULTS Yukyung Karne exhibited a strong anti-metastatic property by significantly reducing the invasion, migration and colony formation ability of ovarian cancer cells. Besides it inhibited the levels of biomarkers involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition such as down-regulation of vimentin and N-cadherin and up-regulation of epithelial E-cadherin. Yukyung Karne also induced the neutral sphingomyelinase II (nSMNaseII) enzyme activity that is known to hydrolyze sphingomyelins into pro-apoptotic intracellular molecule ceramide. CONCLUSIONS The study provides some compelling evidences supporting the anti-metastatic potential of Yukyung Karne which strongly suggests its possible usage as a promising alternative medicine. Thus, Yukyung Karne may be used as an anticancer and anti-metastatic agent along with other conventional anticancer therapeutics to increase their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Choedon
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Ganeshan Mathan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Frasinyuk MS, Bondarenko SP, Sviripa VM, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM, Liu C, Watt DS. Development of 6H-Chromeno[3,4- c]pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-e]pyridazin-6-ones as Par-4 Secretagogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3382-3384. [PMID: 26236052 PMCID: PMC4518469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosation and cyclization of 4-(3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones 1 afforded substituted 6H-chromeno[3,4-c]pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-e]pyridazin-6-ones 2 that inhibited the intermediary filament protein, vimentin, at low micromolar concentrations. This inhibition promoted the secretion of Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 protein (Par-4), which selectively triggered apoptosis in prostate cancer cells such as CWR22Rv1, LNCaP-derivative C4-2B, PC-3 and its aggressive analog, PC-3 MM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo S. Frasinyuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
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236
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Interaction with CCNH/CDK7 facilitates CtBP2 promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) metastasis via upregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6701-14. [PMID: 25820824 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CtBP2, as a transcriptional corepressor of epithelial-specific genes, has been reported to promote tumor due to upregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. CtBP2 was also demonstrated to contribute to the proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells through a negative transcriptional regulation of p16(INK4A). In this study, for the first time, we reported that CtBP2 expression, along with CCNH/CDK7, was higher in ESCC tissues with lymph node metastases than in those without lymph node metastases. Moreover, both CtBP2 and CCNH/CDK7 were positively correlated with E-cadherin, tumor grade, and tumor metastasis. However, the concrete mechanism of CtBP2's role in enhancing ESCC migration remains incompletely understood. We confirmed that CCNH/CDK7 could directly interact with CtBP2 in ESCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, our data demonstrate for the first time that CtBP2 enhanced the migration of ESCC cells in a CCNH/CDK7-dependent manner. Our results indicated that CCNH/CDK7-CtBP2 axis may augment ESCC cell migration, and targeting the interaction of both may provide a novel therapeutic target of ESCC.
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237
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Ricciardi M, Zanotto M, Malpeli G, Bassi G, Perbellini O, Chilosi M, Bifari F, Krampera M. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by inflammatory priming elicits mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-modulatory properties in cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1067-75. [PMID: 25668006 PMCID: PMC4366889 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a central role in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination and may be induced by local inflammation. We asked whether the inflammation-induced acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype by neoplastic epithelial cells is associated with the onset of mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-regulatory properties that may enhance tumour immune escape. Methods: Cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma (A549), breast cancer (MCF7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) were co-cultured with T, B and NK cells before and after EMT induction by either the supernatant of mixed-lymphocyte reactions or inflammatory cytokines. Results: EMT occurrence following inflammatory priming elicited multiple immune-regulatory effects in cancer cells resulting in NK and T-cell apoptosis, inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and stimulation of regulatory T and B cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, but not Fas ligand pathway, was involved at least in part in these effects, as shown by the use of specific inhibitors. Conclusions: EMT induced by inflammatory stimuli confers to cancer cells some mesenchymal stromal cell-like immune-modulatory properties, which could be a cue for cancer progression and metastatic dissemination by favouring immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ricciardi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Zanotto
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - G Malpeli
- Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - G Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - O Perbellini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Chilosi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - F Bifari
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - M Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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238
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Mischiati C, Ura B, Roncoroni L, Elli L, Cervellati C, Squerzanti M, Conte D, Doneda L, Polverino de Laureto P, de Franceschi G, Calza R, Barrero CA, Merali S, Ferrari C, Bergamini CM, Agostinelli E. Changes in protein expression in two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines undergoing formation of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118906. [PMID: 25756965 PMCID: PMC4355290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is relevant in malignant growth and frequently correlates with worsening disease progression due to its implications in metastases and resistance to therapeutic interventions. Although EMT is known to occur in several types of solid tumors, the information concerning tumors arising from the epithelia of the bile tract is still limited. In order to approach the problem of EMT in cholangiocarcinoma, we decided to investigate the changes in protein expression occurring in two cell lines under conditions leading to growth as adherent monolayers or to formation of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), which are considered culture models that better mimic the growth characteristics of in-vivo solid tumors. In our system, changes in phenotypes occur with only a decrease in transmembrane E-cadherin and vimentin expression, minor changes in the transglutaminase protein/activity but with significant differences in the proteome profiles, with declining and increasing expression in 6 and in 16 proteins identified by mass spectrometry. The arising protein patterns were analyzed based on canonical pathways and network analysis. These results suggest that significant metabolic rearrangements occur during the conversion of cholangiocarcinomas cells to the MCTS phenotype, which most likely affect the carbohydrate metabolism, protein folding, cytoskeletal activity, and tissue sensitivity to oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofalo, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease/Gastroenterology 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease/Gastroenterology 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Squerzanti
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dario Conte
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease/Gastroenterology 2, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Calza
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlos A. Barrero
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Salim Merali
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Le Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, La Sapienza University of Rome and CNR, Biology and Molecular Pathology Institutes, Rome, Italy
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239
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Gao Q, Yuan Y, Gan HZ, Peng Q. Resveratrol inhibits the hedgehog signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2381-2387. [PMID: 26137075 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is vital to vertebrate development, the homeostatic process and tumorigenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process during which epithelial cells become mesenchymal-appearing cells, which in turn promotes cancer metastasis and invasion. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound found in grapes, a variety of berries, peanuts and other plants. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the Hh signaling pathway is able to regulate the EMT, and that resveratrol can suppress carcinoma invasion and metastasis. In addition, certain studies have indicated that resveratrol can inhibit the Hh signaling pathway and EMT in cancers other than gastric cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on the Hh signaling pathway and EMT in gastric cancer in vitro. Gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were treated with resveratrol or cyclopamine at different concentrations. The viability of the cells was assessed using an MTT assay. The expression of Gli-1, a key component of the Hh signaling pathway, and Snail, E-cadherin and N-cadherin, key components of EMT, was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The invasion and metastasis of the cells were observed by performing a cell scratch test. The RT-PCR and western blotting showed a decrease in Gli-1, Snail and N-cadherin expression, and an increase in E-cadherin expression in the resveratrol and cyclopamine group compared with the control group, suggesting that resveratrol inhibited the Hh pathway and EMT, as did cyclopamine. The MTT assay indicated that the viability of the SGC-7901 cells was significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner following resveratrol and cyclopamine treatment. The cell scratch test showed slower cell invasion and metastasis in the resveratrol and cyclopamine groups. These findings indicated that resveratrol was able to inhibit the Hh signaling pathway and EMT, and suppress invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Central Laboratory of Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Zhong Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
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240
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Jensen NF, Stenvang J, Beck MK, Hanáková B, Belling KC, Do KN, Viuff B, Nygård SB, Gupta R, Rasmussen MH, Tarpgaard LS, Hansen TP, Budinská E, Pfeiffer P, Bosman F, Tejpar S, Roth A, Delorenzi M, Andersen CL, Rømer MU, Brünner N, Moreira JMA. Establishment and characterization of models of chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer: Towards a predictive signature of chemoresistance. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1169-85. [PMID: 25759163 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current standard treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are based on combination regimens with one of the two chemotherapeutic drugs, irinotecan or oxaliplatin. However, drug resistance frequently limits the clinical efficacy of these therapies. In order to gain new insights into mechanisms associated with chemoresistance, and departing from three distinct CRC cell models, we generated a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to either oxaliplatin or irinotecan. We characterized the resistant cell line variants with regards to their drug resistance profile and transcriptome, and matched our results with datasets generated from relevant clinical material to derive putative resistance biomarkers. We found that the chemoresistant cell line variants had distinctive irinotecan- or oxaliplatin-specific resistance profiles, with non-reciprocal cross-resistance. Furthermore, we could identify several new, as well as some previously described, drug resistance-associated genes for each resistant cell line variant. Each chemoresistant cell line variant acquired a unique set of changes that may represent distinct functional subtypes of chemotherapy resistance. In addition, and given the potential implications for selection of subsequent treatment, we also performed an exploratory analysis, in relevant patient cohorts, of the predictive value of each of the specific genes identified in our cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels F Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenvang
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette K Beck
- Technical University of Denmark, Department for Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barbora Hanáková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kirstine C Belling
- Technical University of Denmark, Department for Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Khoa N Do
- Technical University of Denmark, Department for Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Viuff
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sune B Nygård
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Technical University of Denmark, Department for Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H Rasmussen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line S Tarpgaard
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Oncology Unit, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tine P Hansen
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Pathology Unit, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Budinská
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Per Pfeiffer
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Oncology Unit, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fred Bosman
- University of Lausanne, University Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Digestive Oncology Unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Roth
- University Hospital of Geneva, Oncosurgery Unit, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Lausanne, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Lausanne, Oncology Department, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claus L Andersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria U Rømer
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nils Brünner
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - José M A Moreira
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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241
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Okon IS, Coughlan KA, Zhang M, Wang Q, Zou MH. Gefitinib-mediated reactive oxygen specie (ROS) instigates mitochondrial dysfunction and drug resistance in lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9101-10. [PMID: 25681445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits offered by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), are limited due to the development of resistance, which contributes to treatment failure and cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanistic insight into cellular perturbations that accompany acquired gefitinib resistance in lung cancer cells. Several lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cell lines were screened to characterize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and mutation profile. To circumvent intrinsic variations between cell lines with respect to response to drug treatments, we generated gefitinib-resistant H1650 clone by long-term, chronic culture under gefitinib selection of parental cell line. Isogenic cells were analyzed by microarray, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal and transmission electron microscope. We observed that although chronic gefitinib treatment provided effective action against its primary target (aberrant EGFR activity), secondary effects resulted in increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gefitinib-mediated ROS correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as striking perturbation of mitochondrial morphology and function. However, gefitinib treatment in the presence of ROS scavenger provided a partial rescue of mitochondrial aberrations. Furthermore, withdrawal of gefitinib from previously resistant clones correlated with normalized expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes. These findings demonstrate that chronic gefitinib treatment promotes ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cancer cells. Antioxidants may alleviate ROS-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Zhang
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine and
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Shao S, Zhao X, Zhang X, Luo M, Zuo X, Huang S, Wang Y, Gu S, Zhao X. Notch1 signaling regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer in a Slug-dependent manner. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:28. [PMID: 25645291 PMCID: PMC4322803 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, how Notch signaling regulates the EMT process and invasion in breast cancer remains largely unknown. METHODS The impact of Notch1 silencing by specific shRNAs on the EMT and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells as well as xenografts was tested by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence, transwell, and immunohistochemistry assays. The effect of Slug silencing or upregulation on the EMT and invasion of breast cancer cells was analyzed, and the effect of Notch1 signaling on Slug expression was determined by the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and Jagged1 were expressed in breast cancer cells. Notch1 silencing reversed the spontaneous EMT process and inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and the growth of xenograft breast cancers. The expression of N1ICD was upregulated significantly by Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling activation. Moreover, Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling promoted the EMT process, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, which were abrogated by Notch silencing. Furthermore, the N1ICD positively regulated the Slug expression by inducing Slug promoter activation. Importantly, the knockdown of Slug weakened the invasion ability of breast cancer cells and reversed the Jagged1-induced EMT process with significantly decreased expression of vimentin and increased expression of E-cadherin. In addition, Slug overexpression restored the Notch1 knockdown-suppressed EMT process. CONCLUSIONS Our novel data indicate that Notch signaling positively regulates the EMT, invasion, and growth of breast cancer cells by inducing Slug expression. The Notch1-Slug signaling axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoai Zhao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Minna Luo
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Zuo
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shangke Huang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- The Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- The Department of Oncology, the First Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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243
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Abstract
L1CAM promotes cell motility, invasion and metastasis formation in various human cancers and can be considered as a driver of tumor progression. Knowledge about genetic processes leading to the presence of L1CAM in cancers is of considerable importance. Experimentally, L1CAM expression can be achieved by various means. Overexpression of the transcription factor SLUG or treatment of cells with TGF-ß1 can induce or augment L1CAM levels in cancer cells. Likewise, hypomethylation of the L1CAM promoter on the X chromosome correlates with L1CAM expression. However, presently no mechanisms that might control transcriptional activity are known. Here we have identified miR-34a as a suppressor of L1CAM. We observed that L1CAM positive endometrial carcinoma (EC) cell lines HEC1B and SPAC1L lost L1CAM protein and mRNA by treatment with demethylating agents or knock-down of the DNA-methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1). Concomitantly, several miRNAs were up-regulated. Using miRNA profiling, luciferase reporter assays and mutagenesis, we identified miR-34a as a putative binder to the L1CAM-3'UTR. Overexpression of miR-34a in HEC1B cells blocked L1CAM expression and inhibited cell migration. In ECC1 cells (wildtype p53) the activation of p53 caused miR-34a up-regulation and loss of L1CAM expression that was miR-34a dependent. We observed an inverse correlation between L1CAM and miR-34a levels in EC cell lines. In primary tumor sections areas expressing high amounts of L1CAM had less miR-34a expression than those with low L1CAM levels. Our data suggest that miR-34a can regulate L1CAM expression by targeting L1CAM mRNA for degradation. These findings shed new light on the complex regulation of L1CAM in human tumors.
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244
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Esquivel-Velázquez M, Ostoa-Saloma P, Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Castro JI, Morales-Montor J. The role of cytokines in breast cancer development and progression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:1-16. [PMID: 25068787 PMCID: PMC4291218 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are highly inducible, secretory proteins that mediate intercellular communication in the immune system. They are grouped into several protein families that are referred to as tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. In recent years, it has become clear that some of these proteins as well as their receptors are produced in the organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. The exact initiation process of breast cancer is unknown, although several hypotheses have emerged. Inflammation has been proposed as an important player in tumor initiation, promotion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, all phenomena in which cytokines are prominent players. The data here suggest that cytokines play an important role in the regulation of both induction and protection in breast cancer. This knowledge could be fundamental for the proposal of new therapeutic approaches to particularly breast cancer and other cancer-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Karen E. Nava-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Julieta Ivonne Castro
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, SSA, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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245
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Kim Y, Han D, Min H, Jin J, Yi EC, Kim Y. Comparative proteomic profiling of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Mol Cells 2014; 37:888-98. [PMID: 25518923 PMCID: PMC4275706 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers and is associated with limited diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Currently, gemcitabine is the only effective drug and represents the preferred first-line treatment for chemotherapy. However, a high level of intrinsic or acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine can contribute to the failure of gemcitabine treatment. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer, we performed label-free quantification of protein expression in intrinsic gemcitabine-resistant and - sensitive human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines using our improved proteomic strategy, combined with filter-aided sample preparation, single-shot liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, enhanced spectral counting, and a statistical method based on a power law global error model. We identified 1931 proteins and quantified 787 differentially expressed proteins in the BxPC3, PANC-1, and HPDE cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis identified 15 epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and 13 EMT-related proteins that were closely associated with drug resistance were differentially expressed. Interestingly, 8 of these proteins were involved in glutathione and cysteine/methionine metabolism. These results suggest that proteins related to the EMT and glutathione metabolism play important roles in the development of intrinsic gemcitabine resistance by pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikwon Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799
Korea
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246
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DI C, Zhao Y. Multiple drug resistance due to resistance to stem cells and stem cell treatment progress in cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:289-293. [PMID: 25574188 PMCID: PMC4280950 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has provided a new angle in the research of cancer, and has gradually gained significance. According to this theory, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs, and a significant quantity of research has been carried out into the MDR mechanisms of CSC. Over time, some of these mechanisms have been gradually accepted, including ATP-binding cassette transporters, aldehyde dehydrogenase, the CSC microenvironment and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the present review, we summarize these mechanisms in detail and review possible appropriate therapy plans against CSCs based on CSC theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong DI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yaodong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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247
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Pang L, Li Q, Wei C, Zou H, Li S, Cao W, He J, Zhou Y, Ju X, Lan J, Wei Y, Wang C, Zhao W, Hu J, Jia W, Qi Y, Liu F, Jiang J, Li L, Zhao J, Liang W, Xie J, Li F. TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: in vitro and clinical analyses of cell lines and nomadic Kazakh patients from northwest Xinjiang, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112300. [PMID: 25464508 PMCID: PMC4251902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major causes of death in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in tumor progression and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play an important role in EMT. In this study, we investigated how TGF-β1 signaling pathways contributed to EMT in three ESCC cell lines as well as 100 patients of nomadic ethnic Kazakhs residing in northwest Xinjiang Province of China. In vitro analyses included Western blotting to detect the expression of TGF-β1/Smad and EMT-associated proteins in Eca109, EC9706 and KYSE150 cell lines following stimulation with recombinant TGF-β1 and SB431542, a potent inhibitor of ALK5 that also inhibits TGF-β type II receptor. TGF-β-activated Smad2/3 signaling in EMT was significantly upregulated as indicated by mesenchymal markers of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and in the meantime, epithelial marker, E-cadherin, was markedly downregulated. In contrast, SB431542 addition downregulated the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, but upregulated the expression of E-cadherin. Moreover, the TGF-β1-induced EMT promoted invasion capability of Eca109 cells. Tumor cells undergoing EMT acquire fibroblastoid-like phenotype. Expressed levels of TGF-β1/Smad signaling molecules and EMT-associated proteins were examined using immunohistochemical analyses in 100 ESCC tissues of Kazakh patients and 58 matched noncancerous adjacent tissues. The results showed that ESCC tissues exhibited upregulated expression of TGF-β1/Smad. We also analyzed the relationship between the above proteins and the patients' clinicopathological characteristics. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in human Eca109 ESCC cells may carry similar features as in Kazakh ESCC patients, suggesting that TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of EMT in ethnic Kazakh patients with ESCC from Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiuxiang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Lianyuan, Lianyuan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cuilei Wei
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianwei He
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lan
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of Xingjian Production and Construction Corps, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Lianyuan, Lianyuan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinfang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail: (F. Li); (JX)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail: (F. Li); (JX)
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248
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Chen IC, Chiang WF, Huang HH, Chen PF, Shen YY, Chiang HC. Role of SIRT1 in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:254. [PMID: 25424420 PMCID: PMC4258025 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process results in a loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased cell mobility, and is crucial for enabling the metastasis of cancer cells. Recently, the enzyme SIRT1 has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes; however, its role in regulating oral cancer metastasis and EMT is not fully elucidated. Here, we propose a mechanism by which the enzyme sirtuin1 (SIRT1) regulates the EMT process in oral cancer by deacetylating Smad4 and repressing the effect of TGF-β signaling on matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7). METHODS The roles of SIRT1 in tumor cell migration/invasion and metastasis to the lungs were investigated using the Boyden chamber assay and orthotopic injections, respectively. RNA interference was used to knockdown either SIRT1 or Smad4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Immunoblotting, zymographic assays, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to examine the effects of SIRT1 overexpression on MMP7 expression and activity, as well as on SIRT1/ Smad4 interaction. RESULTS We found that compared with normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), SIRT1 was underexpressed in OSCC cells, and also in oral cancer tissues obtained from 14 of 21 OSCC patients compared with expression in their matched normal tissues. Overexpression of SIRT1 inhibited migration of OSCC cells in vitro, as well as their metastasis to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, up-regulation of SIRT1 in metastatic OSCCs significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of OSCC cells, while concomitantly increasing the expression of E-cadherin, and decreasing the expressions of mesenchymal markers. We also identified Smad4, a TGF-β-activated transcription factor, as a direct target protein for SIRT1. Overexpression of SIRT1 in OSCC cells led to decreased levels of acetylated Smad4, and inhibition of TGF-β-induced signaling. By associating and deacetylating Smad4, SIRT1 enzyme can influence MMP7 expression, MMP enzyme activity, and consequently, cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis in OSCCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a valuable insight into the potential role of the SIRT1 enzyme in regulating cell migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings suggest the SIRT1/Smad4/MMP7 pathway as a target for oral cancer driven by EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hung-Che Chiang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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249
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Lu BC, Wang C, Yu JH, Shen ZH, Yang JH. A huge adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas with sarcomatoid change: An unusual case report. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16381-16386. [PMID: 25473201 PMCID: PMC4239535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinoma rarely occurs in the pancreas, and is characterized by the presence of cellular components from both duct adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. Here, we describe a rare case of pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma with sarcomatous change. Immunohistochemistry showed that the sarcomatous lesion lost the epithelial marker and aberrantly expressed of acquired mesenchymal markers, which indicated that this special histological phenotype may be attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This case also indicated that a routine radical surgery without aggressive treatment strategies was still appropriate for adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas with sarcomatoid change.
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250
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Bae GY, Choi SJ, Lee JS, Jo J, Lee J, Kim J, Cha HJ. Loss of E-cadherin activates EGFR-MEK/ERK signaling, which promotes invasion via the ZEB1/MMP2 axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2512-22. [PMID: 24318272 PMCID: PMC3926845 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin, a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), can significantly affect metastatic dissemination. However, the molecular mechanism of EMT-associated metastatic dissemination by loss of E-cadherin still remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). In the present study, we show that the knockdown of E-cadherin was sufficient to convert A549 NSCLC cells into mesenchymal type with the concurrent up-regulation of typical EMT inducers such as ZEB1 and TWIST1. Interestingly, the EMT-induced cells by E-cadherin depletion facilitate invasion in a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2)-dependent manner with aberrant activation of EGFR signaling. We demonstrated that the elevated invasiveness was a result of the activated EGFR-MEK/ERK signaling, which in turn leads to ZEB1 dependent MMP2 induction. These results suggest that the EGFR-MEK/ERK/ZEB1/MMP2 axis is responsible for promoted invasion in EMT-induced NSCLCs. Consistently, ERK activation and loss of E-cadherin were both observed in the disseminating cancer cells at the invasive tumor fronts in NSCLS cancer tissues. Thereby, these data suggest that the EGFR-MEK/ERK signaling would be a promising molecular target to control aberrant MMP2 expression and consequent invasion in the EMT-induced NSCSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gab-Yong Bae
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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