201
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Canuto J, Lima D, Menezes R, Batista A, Nogueira P, Silveira E, Grangeiro T, Nogueira N, Martins A. Antichagasic effect of violacein from
Chromobacterium violaceum. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1373-1380. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Canuto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - D.B. Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - R.R.P.P.B. Menezes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - A.H.M. Batista
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - P.C.D.N. Nogueira
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - E.R. Silveira
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - T.B. Grangeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - N.A.P. Nogueira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - A.M.C. Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil
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202
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de Couto G, Jaghatspanyan E, DeBerge M, Liu W, Luther K, Wang Y, Tang J, Thorp EB, Marbán E. Mechanism of Enhanced MerTK-Dependent Macrophage Efferocytosis by Extracellular Vesicles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2082-2096. [PMID: 31434491 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular vesicles secreted by cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCev) polarize macrophages toward a distinctive phenotype with enhanced phagocytic capacity (MCDCev). These changes underlie cardioprotection by CDCev and by the parent CDCs, notably attenuating the no-reflow phenomenon following myocardial infarction, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MCDCev are especially effective at scavenging debris from dying cells (ie, efferocytosis) to attenuate irreversible damage post-myocardial infarction. Approach and Results: In vitro efferocytosis assays with bone marrow-derived macrophages, and in vivo transgenic rodent models of myocardial infarction, demonstrate enhanced apoptotic cell clearance with MCDCev. CDCev exposure induces sustained MerTK expression in MCDCev through extracellular vesicle transfer of microRNA-26a (via suppression of Adam17); the cardioprotective response is lost in animals deficient in MerTK. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed phagocytic pathway activation in MCDCev, with increased expression of complement factor C1qa, a phagocytosis facilitator. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate that extracellular vesicle modulation of MerTK and C1qa expression leads to enhanced macrophage efferocytosis and cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey de Couto
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (G.d.C., E.J., W.L., K.L., E.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ervin Jaghatspanyan
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (G.d.C., E.J., W.L., K.L., E.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Weixin Liu
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (G.d.C., E.J., W.L., K.L., E.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristin Luther
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (G.d.C., E.J., W.L., K.L., E.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core (Y.W., J.T.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core (Y.W., J.T.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Eduardo Marbán
- From the Smidt Heart Institute (G.d.C., E.J., W.L., K.L., E.M.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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203
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Stabilin Receptors: Role as Phosphatidylserine Receptors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080387. [PMID: 31434355 PMCID: PMC6723754 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine is a membrane phospholipid that is localized to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine externalization to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is an important signal for various physiological processes, including apoptosis, platelet activation, cell fusion, lymphocyte activation, and regenerative axonal fusion. Stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 are membrane receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. Here, we discuss the functions of Stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 as phosphatidylserine receptors in apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis) and cell fusion, and their ligand-recognition and signaling pathways.
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204
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Efficient engulfment of necroptotic and pyroptotic cells by nonprofessional and professional phagocytes. Cell Discov 2019; 5:39. [PMID: 31632688 PMCID: PMC6796833 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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205
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Nonaka S, Sono M, Hoshi C, Kanetani T, Nakayama H, Dohmae N, Nakanishi Y. Transcription repressor-mediated control of engulfment receptor expression in Drosophila phagocytes. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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206
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Gorgulho CM, Romagnoli GG, Bharthi R, Lotze MT. Johnny on the Spot-Chronic Inflammation Is Driven by HMGB1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1561. [PMID: 31379812 PMCID: PMC6660267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much has been made of the role of HMGB1 acting as an acute damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, prompting the response to tissue damage or injury, it is also released at sites of chronic inflammation including sites of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. As such, the biology is distinguished from homeostasis and acute inflammation by the recruitment and persistence of myeloid derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells, fibrosis and/or exuberant angiogenesis depending on the antecedents and the other individual inflammatory partners that HMGB1 binds and focuses, including IL-1β, CXCL12/SDF1, LPS, DNA, RNA, and sRAGE. High levels of HMGB1 released into the extracellular milieu and its persistence in the microenvironment can contribute to the pathogenesis of many if not all autoimmune disorders and is a key factor that drives inflammation further and worsens symptoms. HMGB1 is also pivotal in the maintenance of chronic inflammation and a “wound healing” type of immune response that ultimately contributes to the onset of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Exosomes carrying HMGB1 and other instructive molecules are released and shape the response of various cells in the chronic inflammatory environment. Understanding the defining roles of REDOX, DAMPs and PAMPs, and the host response in chronic inflammation requires an alternative means for positing HMGB1's central role in limiting and focusing inflammation, distinguishing chronic from acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Gorgulho
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.,DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Graziela G Romagnoli
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rosh Bharthi
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael T Lotze
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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207
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Riis S, Hansen AC, Johansen L, Lund K, Pedersen C, Pitsa A, Hyldig K, Zachar V, Fink T, Pennisi CP. Fabrication and characterization of extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained from adipose-derived stem cells. Methods 2019; 171:68-76. [PMID: 31299290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are detrimental for the quality of life of the affected individuals and represent a major burden for the health care systems. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are being investigated for the development of novel treatments of chronic wounds, as they have shown several positive effects on wound healing. While these effects appear to be mediated by the release of soluble factors, it is has also become apparent that the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by ASCs is essential in several phases of the wound healing process. In this work, we describe an approach to produce ECM scaffolds derived from ASCs in culture. Upon growth of ASCs into an overconfluent cell layer, a detergent-based cell extraction approach is applied to remove the cellular components. The extraction is followed by an enzymatic treatment to remove the residual DNA. The resultant cell-derived scaffolds are depleted of cellular components, display low DNA remnant, and retain the native fibrillar organization of the ECM. Analysis of the molecular composition of the ECM scaffolds revealed that they are composed of collagens type I and III, and fibronectin. The decellularized scaffolds represent a substrate that supports adhesion and proliferation of primary human fibroblasts and dermal microvascular endothelial cells, indicating their potential as platforms for wound healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Riis
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Cathrine Hansen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lonnie Johansen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kaya Lund
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Pedersen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aikaterini Pitsa
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Hyldig
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Trine Fink
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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208
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Simon D, Gilicze O, Farkas N, Najbauer J, Németh P, Lénárd L, Berki T. Correlation of natural autoantibodies and cardiovascular disease-related anti-bacterial antibodies in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:55-63. [PMID: 29573404 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that anti-citrate synthase (anti-CS) immunoglobulin (Ig)M natural autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals without previous antigen stimulation, but no studies have investigated their presence in the pericardial fluid (PF). Therefore, we detected the natural anti-CS IgG/M autoantibody levels in plasma and PF of cardiac surgery patients and investigated their relationship with cardiovascular disease-associated bacterial pathogens. PF and blood samples of 22 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 10 aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients were tested for total Ig levels, natural autoantibodies and infection-related antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex methods. The B cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry. The total Ig subclass levels were four to eight times lower in PF than in plasma, but the natural anti-CS IgM autoantibodies showed a relative increase in PF. The frequency of CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower in PF than in blood (P = 0·01), with a significant relative increase of B1 cells (P = 0·005). Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody-positive patients had significantly higher anti-CS IgM levels. In CABG patients we found a correlation between anti-CS IgG levels and M. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titres. Our results provide the first evidence that natural autoantibodies are present in the PF, and they show a significant correlation with certain anti-bacterial antibody titres in a disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - O Gilicze
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary.,Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - N Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - P Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
| | - L Lénárd
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - T Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Pécs, Hungary
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209
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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210
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Ma Q, Liang M, Wu Y, Ding N, Duan L, Yu T, Bai Y, Kang F, Dong S, Xu J, Dou C. Mature osteoclast-derived apoptotic bodies promote osteogenic differentiation via RANKL-mediated reverse signaling. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11240-11247. [PMID: 31167789 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone remodeling, after a lifespan of ∼2 weeks, osteoclasts undergo apoptosis in each bone turnover cycle, resulting in generation of a large number of apoptotic bodies (ABs). However, the biological roles of osteoclast-derived ABs (OC-ABs) in bone remodeling have not been investigated and remain unknown. In this study, we stimulated bone marrow macrophages with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) to obtain both preosteoclasts and mature osteoclasts (mOCs). We then used alendronate to induce apoptosis in preosteoclasts and mOCs and generate the respective ABs and used flow cytometry and immunoblotting to characterize the sizes and immunogenic characteristics of the extracted ABs. We show that mOC-ABs are engulfed by preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and promote the viability of these cells. Among all osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles, mOC-ABs had the highest osteogenic potency. We further observed that mOC-ABs had the highest vesicular receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) levels among all types of osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles. Of note, masking of vesicular RANK by soluble RANKL strongly abolished the osteogenic potency of osteoclast-derived ABs. Mechanistically, we found that mOC-ABs induce osteoblast differentiation by activatingPI3K/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling. In conclusion, OC-ABs promote osteogenic differentiation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation via activation of RANKL reverse signaling. These findings provide important insights into the reversal phase between the bone resorption and formation stages during bone remodeling and identify an AB-dependent cellular signaling mechanism in osteoclast-osteoblast coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Blood Purification, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lianli Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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211
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Bahrini I, Hanayama R. Development of a Method That Delivers Drugs to Enveloped Viruses. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:977-981. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Bahrini
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University
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212
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Fernández-Pérez J, Ahearne M. Decellularization and recellularization of cornea: Progress towards a donor alternative. Methods 2019; 171:86-96. [PMID: 31128238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global shortage of donor corneas for transplantation has led to corneal bioengineering being investigated as a method to generate transplantable tissues. Decellularized corneas are among the most promising materials for engineering corneal tissue since they replicate the complex structure and composition of real corneas. Decellularization is a process that aims to remove cells from organs or tissues resulting in a cell-free scaffold consisting of the tissues extracellular matrix. Here different decellularization techniques are described, including physical, chemical and biological methods. Analytical techniques to confirm decellularization efficiency are also discussed. Different cell sources for the recellularization of the three layers of the cornea, recellularization methods used in the literature and techniques used to assess the outcome of the implantation of such scaffolds are examined. Studies involving the application of decellularized corneas in animal models and human clinical studies are discussed. Finally, challenges for this technology are explored involving scalability, automatization and regulatory affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Pérez
- Dept of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ahearne
- Dept of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Ireland.
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213
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Guo M, Härtlova A, Gierliński M, Prescott A, Castellvi J, Losa JH, Petersen SK, Wenzel UA, Dill BD, Emmerich CH, Ramon Y Cajal S, Russell DG, Trost M. Triggering MSR1 promotes JNK-mediated inflammation in IL-4-activated macrophages. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100299. [PMID: 31028084 PMCID: PMC6545745 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated M2 macrophages play an important role in maintenance of tissue homeostasis by scavenging dead cells, cell debris and lipoprotein aggregates via phagocytosis. Using proteomics, we investigated how alternative activation, driven by IL‐4, modulated the phagosomal proteome to control macrophage function. Our data indicate that alternative activation enhances homeostatic functions such as proteolysis, lipolysis and nutrient transport. Intriguingly, we identified the enhanced recruitment of the TAK1/MKK7/JNK signalling complex to phagosomes of IL‐4‐activated macrophages. The recruitment of this signalling complex was mediated through K63 polyubiquitylation of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1). Triggering of MSR1 in IL‐4‐activated macrophages leads to enhanced JNK activation, thereby promoting a phenotypic switch from an anti‐inflammatory to a pro‐inflammatory state, which was abolished upon MSR1 deletion or JNK inhibition. Moreover, MSR1 K63 polyubiquitylation correlated with the activation of JNK signalling in ovarian cancer tissue from human patients, suggesting that it may be relevant for macrophage phenotypic shift in vivo. Altogether, we identified that MSR1 signals through JNK via K63 polyubiquitylation and provides evidence for the receptor's involvement in macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Guo
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK .,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marek Gierliński
- Data Analysis Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alan Prescott
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernandez Losa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sine K Petersen
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf A Wenzel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian D Dill
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Christoph H Emmerich
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David G Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK .,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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214
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Ölander M, Handin N, Artursson P. Image-Based Quantification of Cell Debris as a Measure of Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5548-5552. [PMID: 31001971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a controlled form of cell death that can be induced by various diseases and exogenous toxicants. Common apoptosis-detection methods rely on fluorescent markers, which necessitate the use of costly reagents and time-consuming labeling procedures. Label-free methods avoid these problems, but often require specialized instruments instead. Here, we utilize apoptotic-cell disintegration to develop a novel label-free detection method based on the quantification of subcellular debris particles in bright-field-microscopy images. Debris counts show strong correlations with fluorescence-based annexin V staining and can be used to study concentration-dependent and temporal apoptosis activation. The method is rapid, low-cost, and easy to apply, as the only experimental step comprises bright-field imaging of culture-media samples followed by automated image processing. The late-stage nature of the debris measurement means that the method can complement other, established apoptosis assays, and its accessibility will allow a wider community of researchers to study apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ölander
- Department of Pharmacy , Uppsala University , SE-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy , Uppsala University , SE-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy and Science for Life Laboratory , Uppsala University , SE-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
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215
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Galloway DA, Phillips AEM, Owen DRJ, Moore CS. Phagocytosis in the Brain: Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:790. [PMID: 31040847 PMCID: PMC6477030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system and significantly contribute to overall brain function by participating in phagocytosis during development, homeostasis, and diseased states. Phagocytosis is a highly complex process that is specialized for the uptake and removal of opsonized and non-opsonized targets, such as pathogens, apoptotic cells, and cellular debris. While the role of phagocytosis in mediating classical innate and adaptive immune responses has been known for decades, it is now appreciated that phagocytosis is also critical throughout early neural development, homeostasis, and initiating repair mechanisms. As such, modulating phagocytic processes has provided unexplored avenues with the intent of developing novel therapeutics that promote repair and regeneration in the CNS. Here, we review the functional consequences that phagocytosis plays in both the healthy and diseased CNS, and summarize how phagocytosis contributes to overall pathophysiological mechanisms involved in brain injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Galloway
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Alexandra E M Phillips
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R J Owen
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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216
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Huang W, Lin ET, Hsu Y, Lin S. Anagen hair follicle repair: Timely regenerative attempts from plastic extra‐bulge epithelial cells. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:406-412. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Yen Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Edrick Tai‐Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Sung‐Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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217
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Andrade H, Lin W, Zhang Y. Specificity from nonspecific interaction: regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α activity by DNA. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6397-6404. [PMID: 30814250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As anionic biopolymers, oligonucleotides can have biological functions independent from their roles as the medium for the storage and flow of genetic information. In this paper, we investigated the interaction between DNA and the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Although various forms of DNA bind to TNFα with low μm dissociation constants, the interaction stabilizes the trimeric form of TNFα and enhances its cytotoxic effect. Based on this mechanism, a photoswitchable TNFα (TNFα-2-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl) has been designed whose sensitivity to DNA-mediated up-regulation of TNFα activity can be tuned by light irradiation. The mechanism described in this study represents a general model to understand the involvement of nonspecific interactions among biomolecules in regulating their biological functions. Because the interaction is not DNA sequence-specific, the resulting effect should be considered for oligonucleotide-based therapeutics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Andrade
- From the B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Weilin Lin
- From the B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- From the B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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218
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee D, Othmer HG. Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30781871 PMCID: PMC6406513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the regulation of tumor growth and the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of combination therapies, using oncolytic viruses (OVs) in conjunction with proteosome inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the role of the TME in such therapies has not been studied. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for combination therapies based on the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), with the goal of understanding their roles in bortezomib-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and how the balance between apoptosis and necroptosis is affected by the treatment protocol. We show that the TME plays a significant role in anti-tumor efficacy in OV combination therapy, and illustrate the effect of different spatial patterns of OV injection. The results illustrate a possible phenotypic switch within tumor populations in a given microenvironment, and suggest new anti-invasion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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219
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TRADD regulates perinatal development and adulthood survival in mice lacking RIPK1 and RIPK3. Nat Commun 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 30741936 PMCID: PMC6370879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
TRADD is an adaptor for TNFR1-induced apoptosis and NFκB activation. However, TRADD-deficient mice undergo normal development and contain normal lymphoid populations, which contrasts with an embryonic defect in mice lacking FADD, the shared adaptor mediating apoptosis. Recent studies indicate FADD suppresses embryonic necroptosis mediated by RIPK1. TRADD was suggested to also mediate necroptosis. Here we report that targeting TRADD fails to rescue Fadd-/- embryos from necroptosis, and ablation of TRADD rescues Ripk1-/- mice from perinatal lethality when RIPK3-mediated necroptosis is disabled. The resulting Ripk1-/-Ripk3-/-Tradd-/- mice survive until early adulthood, but die thereafter. A single allele of Tradd is optimal for survival of Ripk1-/-Ripk3-/-Tradd+/- mice. We show that TRADD plays a more dominating role in NFκB-signaling than RIPK1. While RIPK1 protects thymocytes from TNFα-induced apoptosis, TRADD promotes this process. The data demonstrate that TRADD is critical in perinatal and adult mice lacking RIPK1 and RIPK3, which has not been appreciated in prior studies.
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220
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Phosphorylation-mediated activation of mouse Xkr8 scramblase for phosphatidylserine exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2907-2912. [PMID: 30718401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820499116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to the cell surface is regulated by the down-regulation of flippases and the activation of scramblases. Xkr8 has been identified as a scramblase that is activated during apoptosis, but its exogenous expression in the mouse Ba/F3 pro B cell line induces constitutive PtdSer exposure. Here we found that this Xkr8-mediated PtdSer exposure occurred at 4 °C, but not at 20 °C, although its scramblase activity was observed at 20 °C. The Xkr8-mediated PtdSer exposure was inhibited by a kinase inhibitor and enhanced by phosphatase inhibitors. Phosphorylated Xkr8 was detected by Phos-tag PAGE, and a mass spectrometric and mutational analysis identified three phosphorylation sites. Their phosphomimic mutation rendered Xkr8 resistant to the kinase inhibitor for PtdSer exposure at 4 °C, but unlike phosphatase inhibitors, it did not induce constitutive PtdSer exposure at 20 °C. On the other hand, when the flippase genes were deleted, the Xkr8 induced constitutive PtdSer exposure at high temperature, indicating that the flippase activity normally counteracted Xkr8's ability to expose PtdSer. These results indicate that PtdSer exposure can be increased by the phosphorylation-mediated activation of Xkr8 scramblase and flippase down-regulation.
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221
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A noncanonical role for the engulfment gene ELMO1 in neutrophils that promotes inflammatory arthritis. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:141-151. [PMID: 30643265 PMCID: PMC6402828 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by progressive joint inflammation and affects ~1% of the human population. We noted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apoptotic cell engulfment genes ELMO1, DOCK2, and RAC1 linked to rheumatoid arthritis. As ELMO1 promotes cytoskeletal reorganization during engulfment, we hypothesized that ELMO1 loss would worsen inflammatory arthritis. Surprisingly, Elmo1-deficient mice showed reduced joint inflammation in acute and chronic arthritis models. Genetic and cell biological studies revealed that ELMO1 associates with receptors linked to neutrophil function in arthritis and regulates activation and early neutrophil recruitment to the joints, without general inhibition of inflammatory responses. Further, neutrophils from peripheral blood of human donors that carry the SNP in ELMO1 associated with arthritis display increased migratory capacity, whereas ELMO1 knockdown reduces human neutrophil migration to chemokines linked to arthritis. These data identify ‘non-canonical’ roles for ELMO1 as an important cytoplasmic regulator of specific neutrophil receptors and promoter of arthritis.
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222
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Shi Y, Zhu R, Xue Z, Han J, Han S. An in cellulo-activated multicolor cell labeling approach used to image dying cell clearance. Analyst 2019; 144:4687-4693. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dying cell clearance is critical for myriad biological processes such as tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Shi
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network
- School of Life Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Zhongwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology
- Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network
- School of Life Sciences
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Department of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
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223
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Kim YS, Majid M, Melchiorri AJ, Mikos AG. Applications of decellularized extracellular matrix in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:83-95. [PMID: 30680321 PMCID: PMC6336671 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for bone and cartilage injuries are currently unable to replicate the complex microenvironment of native tissue. There are many tissue engineering approaches attempting to address this issue through the use of synthetic materials. Although synthetic materials can be modified to simulate the mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell microenvironment, they do not mimic in full the multitude of interactions that take place within tissue. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been established as a biomaterial that preserves a tissue's native environment, promotes cell proliferation, and provides cues for cell differentiation. The potential of dECM as a therapeutic agent is rising, but there are many limitations of dECM restricting its use. This review discusses the recent progress in the utilization of bone and cartilage dECM through applications as scaffolds, particles, and supplementary factors in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seon Kim
- Dept. of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX 77005
| | - Marjan Majid
- Dept. of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX 77005
| | | | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Dept. of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX 77005
- Biomaterials LabRice UniversityHoustonTX 77005
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224
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Zhang HL, Zhu YM, Zhou XY. Coordination of Autophagy and Other Cellular Activities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1206:697-727. [PMID: 31777007 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, autophagy (=self-eating) is thought to be a catabolic cellular process that is responsible for regulating cell homeostasis. However, the newly evidence have expanded the range of the impact of autophagy in biology. Autophagy interplays with endocytosis through shared factors such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase complex (PI(3)K complex), autophagy associated gene (Atg), and lysosome. Autophagy and phagocytosis orchestrate in maintaining homeostasis, in MHC class II antigen processing, in the removal of pathogens, in cell death, immunity, and inflammation. There are numerous cross talks of autophagy with biosynthetic processes such as conventional and unconventional secretion of biologically active cargo and trafficking of integral membrane proteins, as well as the exosome secretion. There are also links between autophagy and trafficking events from plasma membrane, including lateral plasma membrane proteins connexins, cell connections, and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xian-Yong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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225
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Ramezani G, Pourgheysari B, Shirzad H, Sourani Z. Pterostilbene increases Fas expression in T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:55-63. [PMID: 30936933 PMCID: PMC6407337 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.251853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been promising in last decades, but side effects still persist and searching for the least toxic agents continue. Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural compound with several anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties. Fas, as a member of death inducing family of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors with an intracellular death domain, can initiate the extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. Here after the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determination in cell lines, we searched for PTE effects on Fas, both in mRNA and surface levels in two ALL cell lines, Jurkat and Molt-4. After harvesting cells in optimum situations, MTS assay was used to determine IC50 concentrations. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry were performed for Fas mRNA and surface expression variations after exposure to PTE. The findings showed that PTE decreases cell viability with different extent in two ALL cell lines. In addition to inducing apoptosis, it can increase Fas in both gene and cell surface expression in the same concentrations. Pterostilbene as a natural anti-cancer agent can increase Fas expression both in mRNA and surface levels that results in apoptosis signal transduction improvement which sensitizes cells to apoptosis by immune effector cells. As a result, abnormal cells removal would be more efficiently with the minimum side effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Ramezani
- Immunology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
| | - Batoul Pourgheysari
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran.,Pathology and Hematology Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
| | - Zahra Sourani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
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226
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Wang H, Wang G, Ansari GAS, Khan MF. Trichloroethene metabolite dichloroacetyl chloride induces apoptosis and compromises phagocytosis in Kupffer Cells: Activation of inflammasome and MAPKs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210200. [PMID: 30596806 PMCID: PMC6312261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to trichloroethene (TCE), an occupational and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is associated with the development of several autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, mechanisms contributing to TCE-mediated AIH are not known. Earlier, we have shown that dichloroacetyl chloride (DCAC), one of the reactive metabolites of TCE with strong acylating capability, can elicit an autoimmune response at much lower dose than TCE in female MRL+/+ mice. Furthermore, Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver resident macrophages, are crucial for hepatic homeostasis, but can also participate in the immunopathogenesis of AIH. However, contribution of KCs in TCE-mediated AIH and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We hypothesized that increased apoptosis and delayed clearance of apoptotic bodies, due to compromised KC function, will result in the breakdown of self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and ultimately AIH. Therefore, using an in vitro model of immortalized mouse KCs, we investigated the contribution of DCAC in TCE-mediated AIH. KCs were treated with different concentrations of DCAC and apoptosis was measured by Annexin V and PI staining. Also, the impact of DCAC on phagocytic potential of KCs was evaluated. Furthermore, markers of inflammasome (NLRP3 and caspase1) were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. DCAC treatment resulted in significantly increased early and late-stage apoptosis, accompanied with inflammasome activation (NLRP3 increases). DCAC treatment resulted in decreased phagocytic function of KCs in a dose-dependent manner, with reduced MFG-E8 levels (phagocytotic function). Furthermore, DCAC exposure led to induction of phos-ERK and phos-AKT signaling. These findings suggest that DCAC induces apoptosis and inflammasome activation, while compromising the phagocytic function of KCs. Our data support that increased apoptosis and impaired KC function by DCAC could be contributory to TCE-mediated AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gangduo Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - M. Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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227
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Iizuka A, Segawa S, Kondo Y, Kaneko S, Yokosawa M, Furuyama K, Miki H, Tahara-Hanaoka S, Shibuya A, Tsuboi H, Goto D, Matsumoto I, Shibayama S, Sumida T. Allergy inhibitory receptor-1 inhibits autoantibody production via upregulation of apoptotic debris clearance by macrophages. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:2071-2078. [PMID: 30556363 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Allergy inhibitory receptor-1 (Allergin-1) is a newly identified immune regulatory molecule thought to influence autoantibody production. Autoantibody production, like that observed in Allergin-1-deficient mice, is crucial in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The purpose of this study is to clarify the regulatory role of Allergin-1-mediated autoantibody production using a murine model of thymocytic anaphylaxis. METHODS C57BL/6 (WT) and Allergin-1-deficient mice were treated with apoptotic cells from naive thymocytes stimulated by dexamethasone. Antibody titers of total or immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-histone antibody from serum were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Macrophages from wild-type (WT) or Allergin-1-deficient mice were co-cultured with fluorescence-labeled apoptotic thymocytes or fluorogenic reagent and resultant phagocytic activity was quantified by with flow cytometry. RESULTS After apoptotic cells injection, antibody titers of total and IgG3 anti-dsDNA and total anti-histone from serum were significantly increased in Allergin-1-deficient versus WT mice. Phagocytic activity was significantly lower in macrophages from Allergin-1-deficient mice versus WT mice. CONCLUSION Allergin-1 might play an inhibitory role in autoantibody production via upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Segawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shunta Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokosawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kotona Furuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Miki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shiro Shibayama
- Research Center of Immunology, ONO Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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228
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Su X, Zhang L, Kang H, Zhang B, Bao G, Wang J. Mechanical, nanomorphological and biological reconstruction of early‑stage apoptosis in HeLa cells induced by cytochalasin B. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:928-938. [PMID: 30535459 PMCID: PMC6313055 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the fact that mechanical signals may be as important as biological signals in evaluating cell viability. To investigate the alterations in biomechanics, nanomorphology and biological apoptotic signals during early apoptosis, an apoptosis model was established for cervical cancer HeLa cells induced by cytochalasin B (CB). The cellular mechanical properties, geometry, morphology and expression of key apoptotic proteins were systematically analyzed. The findings indicated a marked decline in cellular elastic modulus and volume and a considerable increase in surface roughness occurring prior to the activation of biological apoptosis signals (such as phosphatidylserine exposure or activation of CD95/Fas). Moreover, the depolymerization of filamentous actin aggravated the intracellular crowding degree, which induced the redistribution of different-sized protein molecules and protrusions across the cell membrane arising from excluded volume interactions. Statistical analysis revealed that the disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton was negatively correlated with the cellular elastic modulus and volume, but was positively correlated with surface roughness and CD95/Fas activation. The results of the present study suggest that compared with biological signals, mechanical and geometrical reconstruction is more sensitive during apoptosis and the increase in cell surface roughness arises from the redistribution of biophysical molecules. These results contribute to our in-depth understanding of the apoptosis mechanisms of cancer cells mediated by cytochalasin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Su
- College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guangjie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of The State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Jizeng Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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229
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Smart SK, Vasileiadi E, Wang X, DeRyckere D, Graham DK. The Emerging Role of TYRO3 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120474. [PMID: 30501104 PMCID: PMC6316664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The TAM family (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) tyrosine kinases play roles in diverse biological processes including immune regulation, clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, and cell proliferation, survival, and migration. While AXL and MERTK have been extensively studied, less is known about TYRO3. Recent studies revealed roles for TYRO3 in cancer and suggest TYRO3 as a therapeutic target in this context. TYRO3 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and functions to promote tumor cell survival and/or proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, higher levels of TYRO3 expression have been associated with decreased overall survival in patients with colorectal, hepatocellular, and breast cancers. Here we review the physiological roles for TYRO3 and its expression and functions in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, with emphasis on the signaling pathways that are regulated downstream of TYRO3 and emerging roles for TYRO3 in the immune system. Translational agents that target TYRO3 are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri K Smart
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Eleana Vasileiadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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230
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Takemura G, Onoue K, Nakano T, Nakamura T, Sakaguchi Y, Tsujimoto A, Miyazaki N, Watanabe T, Kanamori H, Okada H, Kawasaki M, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Saito Y. Possible mechanism for disposal of degenerative cardiomyocytes in human failing hearts: phagocytosis by a neighbour. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 6:208-216. [PMID: 30478956 PMCID: PMC6351884 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The index case was a 51‐year‐old woman suffering from doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. In her endomyocardial biopsy specimen, we observed under electron microscopy six scenes in which degenerative cardiomyocytes were engulfed by neighbouring cardiomyocytes. The enclosed cardiomyocytes appeared more degenerative than the enclosing ones in every pair: the myofibrils were more severely damaged. At more degenerative stages, some desmosomes of the intercalated discs on the enclosed cardiomyocyte had disappeared. The membranes between the cardiomyocytes were occasionally disrupted, and there appeared to be sharing of cellular contents between the cells. One pair of such a phagocytosis‐like figure was observed in one case with 5‐fluorouracil cardiomyopathy (a 68‐year‐old man) among eight other chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathies but none among 30 non‐drug‐induced dilated cardiomyopathies. The findings suggest a mechanism for disposal of degenerative cardiomyocytes in human failing hearts: phagocytosis by a neighbour, although alternative interpretations remain (e.g. giant autophagic vacuoles or two cardiomyocytes with degenerative intercalated discs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzou Takemura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nagisa Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Takatomo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takako Fujiwara
- Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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231
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Lee J, Park B, Moon B, Park J, Moon H, Kim K, Lee SA, Kim D, Min C, Lee DH, Lee G, Park D. A scaffold for signaling of Tim-4-mediated efferocytosis is formed by fibronectin. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1646-1655. [PMID: 30451988 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential step during clearance of apoptotic cells is the recognition of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on apoptotic cells by its receptors on phagocytes. Tim-4 directly binding to PS and functioning as a tethering receptor for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells has been extensively studied over the past decade. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Tim-4 collaborates with other engulfment receptors during efferocytosis remain elusive. By comparing efferocytosis induced by Tim-4 with that by Anxa5-GPI, an artificial tethering receptor, we found that Tim-4 possesses auxiliary machinery to induce a higher level of efferocytosis than Anxa5-GPI. To search for that, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified Fibronectin (Fn1) as a novel Tim-4-associating protein. Tim-4 directly associated with Fn1 and formed a complex with integrins via the association of Fn1. Through Tim-4-/- mice and cell-based assays, we found that modulation of the Fn1 level affected efferocytosis induced by Tim-4 and disruption of the interaction between Tim-4 and Fn1 abrogated Tim-4-mediated efferocytosis. In addition, Tim-4 depletion attenuated integrin signaling activation and perturbation of integrin signaling suppressed Tim-4-promoted efferocytosis. Taken together, the data suggest that Fn1 locates Tim-4 and integrins in close proximity by acting as a scaffold, resulting in synergistic cooperation of Tim-4 with integrins for efficient efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Boyeon Park
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Byeongjin Moon
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jeongjun Park
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyunji Moon
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Kwanhyeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Deokhwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Min
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Korea
| | - Gwangrog Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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232
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Bonnefoy F, Gauthier T, Vallion R, Martin-Rodriguez O, Missey A, Daoui A, Valmary-Degano S, Saas P, Couturier M, Perruche S. Factors Produced by Macrophages Eliminating Apoptotic Cells Demonstrate Pro-Resolutive Properties and Terminate Ongoing Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2586. [PMID: 30542342 PMCID: PMC6277856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The factors produced by macrophages eliminating apoptotic cells during resolution are crucial to terminate inflammation, and for subsequent tissue healing. We demonstrated here that the factors produced by macrophages eliminating apoptotic cells were sufficient to reboot the resolution of inflammation in vivo, and thus definitively terminated ongoing chronic inflammation. These factors were called SuperMApo and revealed pro-resolutive properties and accelerated acute inflammation resolution, as attested by both increased phagocytic capacities of macrophages and enhanced thioglycollate-induced peritonitis resolution. Activated antigen-presenting cells exposed to SuperMApo accelerated their return to homeostasis and demonstrated pro-regulatory T cell properties. In mice with ongoing collagen-induced arthritis, SuperMApo injection resolved and definitively terminated chronic inflammation. The same pro-resolving properties were observed in human settings in addition to xenogeneic colitis and graft-vs.-host disease modulation, highlighting SuperMApo as a new therapeutic opportunity to circumvent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bonnefoy
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Gauthier
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Vallion
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Omayra Martin-Rodriguez
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anais Missey
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anna Daoui
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Philippe Saas
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mélanie Couturier
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,MED'INN'Pharma, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- INSERM, EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur, LabEX LipSTIC, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,MED'INN'Pharma, Besançon, France
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233
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Dwivedi N, Radic M. Burning controversies in NETs and autoimmunity: The mysteries of cell death and autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:267-280. [PMID: 30417698 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1523395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The causes and mechanisms of autoimmune disease pose continuing challenges to the scientific community. Recent clues implicate a peculiar feature of neutrophils, their ability to release nuclear chromatin in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in the induction or progression of autoimmune disease. Efforts to define the beneficial versus detrimental effects of NET release have, as yet, only partially revealed mechanisms that guide this process. Evidence suggests that the process of NET release is highly regulated, but the details of regulation remain controversial and obscure. Without a better understanding of the factors that initiate and control NET formation, the judicious modification of neutrophil behaviour for medically useful purposes appears remote. We highlight gaps and inconsistencies in published work, which make NETs and their role in health and disease a puzzle that deserves more focused attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Dwivedi
- a TIP Immunology , EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc , Billerica , MA , USA
| | - Marko Radic
- b Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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234
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Huang S, Wu S, Zhang Z, Deng W, Fan J, Feng R, Kong W, Qi J, Chen W, Tang X, Yao G, Feng X, Wang D, Chen H, Sun L. Mesenchymal stem cells induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis in treatment of lupus mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:30-35. [PMID: 30409422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (UCMSCT) has been used to treat human autoimmune diseases like lupus for example, but little is known about its effect on cell apoptosis. Here we evaluated the efficacy of UCMSCT for lupus treatment and explored the mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate T cell apoptosis in lupus mice. 1 × 106 human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) were injected into B6.MRL-Faslpr (B6.lpr) mice via tail vein. 6 h, 24 h or 4 weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and the apoptosis of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and spleen were detected by flow cytometry. The immune cell subpopulations in spleen were also measured at 6 h and 24 h, respectively. The therapeutic effects were assessed after 4 weeks. The frequency of peripheral blood CD4+ T cell apoptosis was reduced in lupus-prone B6.lpr mice. UCMSCT alleviated the disease phenotypes in B6.lpr mice, decreased the ratio of Th1 as well as Th2 cells, and increased percentages of apoptotic CD4+ T cells in vivo and vitro. Collectively, our findings unravel that UCMSCT alleviate lupus disease and reverse immune imbalance possibly by promoting T cell apoptosis in B6.lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Shufang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Junyu Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Ruihai Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
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235
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Benne N, van Duijn J, Lozano Vigario F, Leboux RJT, van Veelen P, Kuiper J, Jiskoot W, Slütter B. Anionic 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DSPG) liposomes induce antigen-specific regulatory T cells and prevent atherosclerosis in mice. J Control Release 2018; 291:135-146. [PMID: 30365993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying pathology of many types of cardiovascular disease and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by the retention of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in lipid-rich macrophages (foam cells) in the intima of arteries. Autoantigens derived from oxLDL can be used to vaccinate against atherosclerosis. However, a major challenge is the induction of antigen-specific Tregs in a safe and effective way. Here we report that liposomes containing the anionic phospholipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DSPG) induce Tregs that are specific for the liposomes' cargo. Mechanistically, we show a crucial role for the protein corona that forms on the liposomes in the circulation, as uptake of DSPG-liposomes by antigen-presenting cells is mediated via complement component 1q (C1q) and scavenger receptors (SRs). Vaccination of atherosclerotic mice on a western-type diet with DSPG-liposomes encapsulating an LDL-derived peptide antigen significantly reduced plaque formation by 50% and stabilized the plaques, and reduced serum cholesterol concentrations. These results indicate that DSPG-liposomes have potential as a delivery system in vaccination against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Benne
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lozano Vigario
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romain J T Leboux
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Divison of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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236
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Kim EH, Wong SW, Martinez J. Programmed Necrosis and Disease:We interrupt your regular programming to bring you necroinflammation. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:25-40. [PMID: 30349078 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to the tidy and immunologically silent death during apoptosis, necrosis seems like a chaotic and unorganized demise. However, we now recognize that there is a method to its madness, as many forms of necrotic cell death are indeed programmed and function beyond lytic cell death to support homeostasis and immunity. Inherently more immunogenic than their apoptotic counterpart, programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis, releases inflammatory cytokines and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), skewing the milieu to a pro-inflammatory state. Moreover, impaired clearance of dead cells often leads to inflammation. Importantly, these pathways have all been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, therefore careful understanding of their molecular mechanisms can have long lasting effects on how we interpret their role in disease and how we translate these mechanisms into therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Ho Kim
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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237
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Comparing the effects of different cell death programs in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:115-129. [PMID: 30341424 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our conception of programmed cell death has expanded beyond apoptosis to encompass additional forms of cell suicide, including necroptosis and pyroptosis; these cell death modalities are notable for their diverse and emerging roles in engaging the immune system. Concurrently, treatments that activate the immune system to combat cancer have achieved remarkable success in the clinic. These two scientific narratives converge to provide new perspectives on the role of programmed cell death in cancer therapy. This review focuses on our current understanding of the relationship between apoptosis and antitumor immune responses and the emerging evidence that induction of alternate death pathways such as necroptosis could improve therapeutic outcomes.
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238
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Codispoti B, Marrelli M, Paduano F, Tatullo M. NANOmetric BIO-Banked MSC-Derived Exosome (NANOBIOME) as a Novel Approach to Regenerative Medicine. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100357. [PMID: 30326618 PMCID: PMC6210357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known for their great potential in clinical applications. In fact, MSCs can differentiate into several cell lineages and show paracrine behavior by releasing endogenous factors that stimulate tissue repair and modulate local immune response. Each MSC type is affected by specific biobanking issues-technical issues as well as regulatory and ethical concerns-thus making it quite tricky to safely and commonly use MSC banking for swift regenerative applications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a group of 150⁻1000 nm vesicles that are released by budding from the plasma membrane into biological fluids and/or in the culture medium from varied and heterogenic cell types. EVs consist of various vesicle types that are defined with different nomenclature such as exosomes, shedding vesicles, nanoparticles, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Ectosomes, micro- and nanoparticles generally refer to the direct release of single vesicles from the plasma membrane. While many studies describe exosomes as deriving from multivesicular bodies, solid evidence about the origin of EVs is often lacking. Extracellular vesicles represent an important portion of the cell secretome. Their numerous properties can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic uses, so EVs are considered to be innovative and smart theranostic tools. The aim of this review is to investigate the usefulness of exosomes as carriers of the whole information panel characterizing the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Our purpose is to make a step forward in the development of the NANOmetric BIO-banked MSC-derived Exosome (NANOBIOME).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
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239
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The Dual Role of TAM Receptors in Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer: An Overview. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100166. [PMID: 30322068 PMCID: PMC6210017 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate cellular processes by converting signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Tyro3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors form an RTK family that plays an intricate role in tissue maintenance, phagocytosis, and inflammation as well as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and development. Defects in TAM signaling are associated with numerous autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Here, we review the structure of TAM receptors, their ligands, and their biological functions. We discuss the role of TAM receptors and soluble circulating TAM receptors in the autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Lastly, we discuss the effect of TAM receptor deregulation in cancer and explore the therapeutic potential of TAM receptors in the treatment of diseases.
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240
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Toita R, Fujita S, Kang JH. Macrophage Uptake Behavior and Anti-inflammatory Response of Bovine Brain- or Soybean-derived Phosphatidylserine Liposomes. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1131-1135. [PMID: 30111684 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is mainly derived from the bovine brain cortex or soybean lecithin. We investigated macrophage uptake behavior and the anti-inflammatory response induced by liposomes containing bovine brain- (B-PSL) or soybean-derived PtdSer (S-PSL). The size of B-PSL and S-PSL was very similar. There were no significant differences in the uptake of B-PSL and S-PSL by Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Addition of B-PSL or S-PSL decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, in lipopolysaccharide-treated Raw 264.7 cells, but there were no differences between them. These results suggest that S-PSL may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
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241
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Aldridge A, Desai A, Owston H, Jennings LM, Fisher J, Rooney P, Kearney JN, Ingham E, Wilshaw SP. Development and characterisation of a large diameter decellularised vascular allograft. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:287-300. [PMID: 29188402 PMCID: PMC6133183 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to develop a biological large diameter vascular graft by decellularisation of native human aorta to remove the immunogenic cells whilst retaining the essential biomechanical, and biochemical properties for the ultimate benefit of patients with infected synthetic grafts. Donor aortas (n = 6) were subjected to an adaptation of a propriety decellularisation process to remove the cells and acellularity assessed by histological analysis and extraction and quantification of total DNA. The biocompatibility of the acellular aortas was determined using standard contact cytotoxicity tests. Collagen and denatured collagen content of aortas was determined and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the presence of specific extracellular matrix proteins. Donor aortas (n = 6) were divided into two, with one half subject to decellularisation and the other half retained as native tissue. The native and decellularised aorta sections were then subject to uniaxial tensile testing to failure [axial and circumferential directions] and suture retention testing. The data was compared using a paired t-test. Histological evaluation showed an absence of cells in the treated aortas and retention of histoarchitecture including elastin content. The decellularised aortas had less than 15 ng mg-1 total DNA per dry weight (mean 94% reduction) and were biocompatible as determined by in vitro contact cytotoxicity tests. There were no gross changes in the histoarchitecture [elastin and collagen matrix] of the acellular aortas compared to native controls. The decellularisation process also reduced calcium deposits within the tissue. The uniaxial tensile and suture retention testing revealed no significant differences in the material properties (p > 0.05) of decellularised aorta. The decellularisation procedure resulted in minimal changes to the biological and biomechanical properties of the donor aortas. Acellular donor aorta has excellent potential for use as a large diameter vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aldridge
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - A Desai
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H Owston
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - L M Jennings
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Fisher
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, 14 Estuary Banks, Estuary Commerce Park, Speke, Liverpool, L24 8RB, UK
| | - J N Kearney
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, 14 Estuary Banks, Estuary Commerce Park, Speke, Liverpool, L24 8RB, UK
| | - E Ingham
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S P Wilshaw
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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242
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Hong P, Bezuhly M, Graham ME, Gratzer PF. Efficient decellularization of rabbit trachea to generate a tissue engineering scaffold biomatrix. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 112:67-74. [PMID: 30055743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most tracheal decellularization protocols are lengthy and can lead to reduced biomechanical stability. The objectives of this study were: 1) to generate a tracheal extracellular matrix scaffold using an efficient decellularization process and 2) to characterize the decellularized scaffold to assess its suitability for tissue engineering applications. METHODS Twelve rabbit tracheae underwent a decellularization process that involved enzymatic-detergent treatments. For characterization, fresh (control) and decellularized tissues underwent histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses. Tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, and biocompatibility assay were also conducted. RESULTS Post-decellularization, the tracheal tissue had significantly less genetic material while the structural integrity was maintained. Specifically, the deoxyribonucleic acid content was significantly reduced and the glycosaminoglycan content was unchanged. Cell and cellular components were largely removed; at the same time the tensile properties and surface ultrastructural characteristics were unaltered. Biocompatibility was confirmed by contact cytotoxicity assay. CONCLUSIONS Overall, an efficient decellularization process was used to treat rabbit tracheal tissue. The effectiveness of the decellularization process was demonstrated and at the same time there was preservation of the underlying extracellular matrix structure. This decellularized material may serve as a potential scaffold for tracheal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hong
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Surgery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Surgery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Elise Graham
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul F Gratzer
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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243
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Autocrine Mfge8 Signaling Prevents Developmental Exhaustion of the Adult Neural Stem Cell Pool. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:444-452.e4. [PMID: 30174295 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, arising from quiescent radial-glia-like neural stem cells (RGLs), occurs throughout life in the dentate gyrus. How neural stem cells are maintained throughout development to sustain adult mammalian neurogenesis is not well understood. Here, we show that milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8 (Mfge8), a known phagocytosis factor, is highly enriched in quiescent RGLs in the dentate gyrus. Mfge8-null mice exhibit decreased adult dentate neurogenesis, and furthermore, adult RGL-specific deletion of Mfge8 leads to RGL overactivation and depletion. Similarly, loss of Mfge8 promotes RGL activation in the early postnatal dentate gyrus, resulting in a decreased number of label-retaining RGLs in adulthood. Mechanistically, loss of Mfge8 elevates mTOR1 signaling in RGLs, inhibition of which by rapamycin returns RGLs to quiescence. Together, our study identifies a neural-stem-cell-enriched niche factor that maintains quiescence and prevents developmental exhaustion of neural stem cells to sustain continuous neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.
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244
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Hammarsten O, Mair J, Möckel M, Lindahl B, Jaffe AS. Possible mechanisms behind cardiac troponin elevations. Biomarkers 2018; 23:725-734. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1490969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III – Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Möckel
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertil Lindahl
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Allan S. Jaffe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Medical School, Rochester, MN, USA
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245
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Parit SB, Dawkar VV, Tanpure RS, Pai SR, Chougale AD. Nutritional Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) Unwrap by Proteome Profiling and DPPH and FRAP assays. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2127-2139. [PMID: 30059150 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Precious contribution of plants in the field of medicine is very well known. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds and seedlings are an important source of food and feed due to the presence of various health-promoting compounds. Proteomic analysis of three seed developmental stages (0, 8, and 16 days after germination [DAG]) of wheat was carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 297 proteins were identified and their functional annotation revealed that a majority of them were involved in preventing many diseases, oxidative stress, primary metabolism, storage, and energy related mechanisms. Particularly to mention, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and cytochromes are abundantly present in wheatgrass. In the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, antioxidant activity was increased by 1.55 times after 16 DAG as compared to 0 DAG, however it was decreased after 8 DAG. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts by DPPH had an increasing trend after all the three time points. The percent radical scavenging activity of extract by DPPH was 15, 22, and 30 after 0, 8, and 16 DAG, respectively. Observations obtained revealed that antioxidant power of the plants is directly proportional to the age of seedlings. Data attained on wheatgrass showing that it can be a strong antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging activity and could be used in stress and nourishing human health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Wheatgrass contains minerals, phytochemicals, active enzymes, and vitamins that can be easily absorbed. The consumption of wheatgrass juice can give better health benefits. Information about beneficial properties of wheat grass juice is clearly mentioned in this work. Proteins found in wheatgrass are known to be involved in preventing many diseases, oxidative stress, primary metabolism, storage, and energy-related mechanisms. Results of this work revealed that Triticum aestivum seedlings can act as an antioxidant agent due to their free radical scavenging activity and can be constructive to control or treat many health complications. From all these results we believed that wheatgrass can be used for the nourishment of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh B Parit
- The New College, Shivaji Peth, Kolhapur, 416012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal V Dawkar
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Div. of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-Nat. Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul S Tanpure
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Div. of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-Nat. Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep R Pai
- Amity Inst. of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity Univ., Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post-Somathne, Panvel, Mumbai, 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok D Chougale
- The New College, Shivaji Peth, Kolhapur, 416012, Maharashtra, India
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246
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Frostegård J, Hellström C, Nilsson P, Frostegård AG, Ajeganova S. Autoantibody profiling reveals four protein candidate autoantigens associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2018; 27:1670-1678. [PMID: 30041579 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318788153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) there are typically many autoantibodies. The disease heterogeneity could be better understood with discovery of phenotype-specific antigens targeted by autoantibodies. We here aimed to identify novel autoantigens potentially related to SLE disease and a major complication, atherosclerosis. Methods Antigen microarrays were used to profile IgG autoantibody reactivity against 77 protein fragments (20-140 amino acids (aa) long, median 89 aa) produced within the Human Protein Atlas project, in serum samples from SLE patients ( n = 107) and age- and sex-matched population-based controls ( n = 107). Common carotid intima-media thickness, plaque occurrence and echogenicity were determined by B-mode ultrasound. Results We determined significant differences between patients and controls in IgG reactivity against four proteins. In patients compared to controls, there was an increase of IgG reactivity against zinc finger protein 688 (ZNF688), early B cell factor 2 (EBF2), crystallin, alpha B (CRYAB) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C (TNFRSF13C). Of these four antigens, only anti-ZNF688 was associated with carotid atherosclerosis (plaque occurrence) and vulnerable plaques in SLE. There was a weak association between anti-EBF2 and SLE disease activity but no significant associations were determined for other measured IgG reactivity. Conclusions In this discovery screening we here demonstrate new candidate autoantigens with differential reactivity (reflecting autoantibody levels) in SLE patients and in controls and in relation to atherosclerosis in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frostegård
- 1 Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Hellström
- 2 Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Nilsson
- 2 Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A G Frostegård
- 1 Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Ajeganova
- 3 Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,4 Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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247
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Estimation of the Role of Apoptosis in Altering the Architecture of the Cells of Exocrine Pancreas in Mice Inoculated with Mammary Gland Carcinoma by Using Soft Laser. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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248
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Caruso S, Poon IKH. Apoptotic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: More Than Just Debris. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1486. [PMID: 30002658 PMCID: PMC6031707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The many functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes and microvesicles released from healthy cells have been well characterized, particularly in relation to their roles in immune modulation. Apoptotic bodies, a major class of EV released as a product of apoptotic cell disassembly, and other types of EVs released from dying cells are also becoming recognized as key players in this emerging field. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that EVs produced during apoptosis have important immune regulatory roles, a concept relevant across different disease settings including autoimmunity, cancer, and infection. Therefore, this review focuses on how the formation of EVs during apoptosis could be a key mechanism of immune modulation by dying cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan K. H. Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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249
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Abstract
The human body loses several billions of cells daily. When cells die in vivo, the corpse of each dead cell is immediately cleared. Specifically, dead cells are efficiently recognized and cleared by multiple types of neighboring phagocytes. Early research on cell death focused more on molecular mechanisms of cell death regulation while the cellular corpses were merely considered cellular debris. However, it has come to light that various biological stimuli following cell death are important for immune regulation. Clearance of normal dead cells occurs silently in immune tolerance. Exogenous or mutated antigens of malignant or infected cells can initiate adaptive immunity, thereby inducing immunogenicity by adjuvant signals. Several pathogens and cancer cells have strategies to limit the adjuvant signals and escape immune surveillance. In this review, we present an overview of the mechanisms of dead cell clearance and its immune regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
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250
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Elkon KB. Review: Cell Death, Nucleic Acids, and Immunity: Inflammation Beyond the Grave. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:805-816. [PMID: 29439290 PMCID: PMC5984680 DOI: 10.1002/art.40452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system are rigged with sensors that detect nucleic acids derived from microbes, especially viruses. It has become clear that these same sensors that respond to nucleic acids derived from damaged cells or defective intracellular processing are implicated in triggering diseases such as lupus and arthritis. The ways in which cells die and the concomitant presence of proteins and peptides that allow nucleic acids to re-enter cells profoundly influence innate immune responses. In this review, we briefly discusses different types of programmed necrosis, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis, and explains how nucleic acids can engage intracellular receptors and stimulate inflammation. Host protective mechanisms that include compartmentalization of receptors and nucleases as well as the consequences of nuclease deficiencies are explored. In addition, proximal and distal targets in the nucleic acid stimulation of inflammation are discussed in terms of their potential amenability to therapy for the attenuation of innate immune activation and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Elkon
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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