201
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Proenkephalin + regulatory T cells expanded by ultraviolet B exposure maintain skin homeostasis with a healing function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20696-20705. [PMID: 32769209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, expressing CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor α chain) and Foxp3 transcription factor, maintain immunological self-tolerance and suppress various immune responses. Here we report a feature of skin Treg cells expanded by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. We found that skin Treg cells possessing a healing function are expanded by UVB exposure with the expression of an endogenous opioid precursor, proenkephalin (PENK). Upon UVB exposure, skin Treg cells were expanded with a unique TCR repertoire. Also, they highly expressed a distinctive set of genes enriched in "wound healing involved in inflammatory responses" and the "neuropeptide signaling pathway," as indicated by the high expression of Penk. We found that not only was PENK expression at the protein level detected in the UVB-expanded skin Treg (UVB-skin Treg) cells, but that a PENK-derived neuropeptide, methionine enkephalin (Met-ENK), from Treg cells promoted the outgrowth of epidermal keratinocytes in an ex vivo skin explant assay. Notably, UVB-skin Treg cells also promoted wound healing in an in vivo wound closure assay. In addition, UVB-skin Treg cells produced amphiregulin (AREG), which plays a key role in Treg-mediated tissue repair. Identification of a unique function of PENK+ UVB-skin Treg cells provides a mechanism for maintaining skin homeostasis.
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202
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Davoli-Ferreira M, de Lima KA, Fonseca MM, Guimarães RM, Gomes FI, Cavallini MC, Quadros AU, Kusuda R, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM. Regulatory T cells counteract neuropathic pain through inhibition of the Th1 response at the site of peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2020; 161:1730-1743. [PMID: 32701834 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory/immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury participates in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, little is known about the local regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury that counteracts the development of pain. Here, we investigated the contribution of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the development of neuropathic pain by using a partial sciatic nerve ligation model in mice. We showed that Treg cells infiltrate and proliferate in the site of peripheral nerve injury. Local Treg cells suppressed the development of neuropathic pain mainly through the inhibition of the CD4 Th1 response. Treg cells also indirectly reduced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation at the level of the sensory ganglia. Finally, we identified IL-10 signaling as an intrinsic mechanism by which Treg cells counteract neuropathic pain development. These results revealed Treg cells as important inhibitory modulators of the immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury that restrains the development of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, the boosting of Treg cell function/activity might be explored as a possible interventional approach to reduce neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Davoli-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kalil A de Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco I Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Cavallini
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Dr. de Lima is now with the Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Dr. Fonseca is now with the Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Andreza U Quadros
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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203
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High-Dimensional Single-Cell Quantitative Profiling of Skeletal Muscle Cell Population Dynamics during Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071723. [PMID: 32708412 PMCID: PMC7407527 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interstitial space surrounding the skeletal muscle fibers is populated by a variety of mononuclear cell types. Upon acute or chronic insult, these cell populations become activated and initiate finely-orchestrated crosstalk that promotes myofiber repair and regeneration. Mass cytometry is a powerful and highly multiplexed technique for profiling single-cells. Herein, it was used to dissect the dynamics of cell populations in the skeletal muscle in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we characterized an antibody panel that could be used to identify most of the cell populations in the muscle interstitial space. By exploiting the mass cytometry resolution, we provided a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of the major cell populations that sensed and responded to acute damage in wild type mice and in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In addition, we revealed the intrinsic heterogeneity of many of these cell populations.
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204
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Wosczyna MN, Konishi CT, Perez Carbajal EE, Wang TT, Walsh RA, Gan Q, Wagner MW, Rando TA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Required for Regeneration and Homeostatic Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2029-2035.e5. [PMID: 31091443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity of mesenchymal stromal cells, called fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs), in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance remains unestablished. We report the generation of a PDGFRαCreER knockin mouse model that provides a specific means of labeling and targeting FAPs. Depletion of FAPs using Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin expression results in loss of expansion of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and CD45+ hematopoietic cells after injury and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Furthermore, FAP-depleted mice under homeostatic conditions exhibit muscle atrophy and loss of MuSCs, revealing that FAPs are required for the maintenance of both skeletal muscle and the MuSC pool. We also report that local tamoxifen metabolite delivery to target CreER activity in a single muscle, removing potentially confounding systemic effects of ablating PDGFRα+ cells distantly, also causes muscle atrophy. These data establish a critical role of FAPs in skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Wosczyna
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Colin T Konishi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edgar E Perez Carbajal
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore T Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel A Walsh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qiang Gan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark W Wagner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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205
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Zhou Z, Yan F, Liu O. Interleukin (IL)-33: an orchestrator of immunity from host defence to tissue homeostasis. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1146. [PMID: 32566227 PMCID: PMC7299676 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, functions as an alarm signal, which is released upon cell injury or tissue damage to alert the immune system. It has emerged as a chief orchestrator in immunity and has a broad pleiotropic action that influences differentiation, maintenance and function of various immune cell types via the ST2 receptor. Although it has been strongly associated with immunopathology, critically, IL-33 is involved in host defence, tissue repair and homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of the signalling pathway of IL-33 and highlight its regulatory functions in immune cells. Furthermore, we attempt a broader discussion of the emerging functions of IL-33 in host defence, tissue repair, metabolism, inflammatory disease and cancer, suggesting potential avenues to manoeuvre IL-33/ST2 signalling as treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Fei Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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206
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Webb LM, Tait Wojno ED. Exercising Immunity: Interleukin-13 Flexes Muscle. Immunity 2020; 52:902-904. [PMID: 32553179 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise drives physiological changes in the muscle to optimize performance. In a recent study in Science, Knudsen et al. report a role for the type 2 cytokine interleukin-13 in orchestrating metabolic reprogramming that drives adaptation to endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Webb
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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207
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Abstract
Cardiac tissue necrosis secondary to coronary artery occlusion is one of the most common and deadly sterile injuries in developed countries. In this issue of the JCI, Rieckmann et al. identified and characterized antigen-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells that developed in the context of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. They showed that myosin heavy chain α (MYHCA) is a dominant cardiac autoantigen and that T cells with T cell receptor (TCR) specificity to MYHCA acquired a Treg phenotype when adoptively transferred into infarcted mice, which mediated a cardioprotective healing response. Thus, Rieckmann et al. showed that an acute ischemic insult to the heart, which induces sterile inflammation, promoted, rather than limited, protective T cell autoimmunity. Notably, strategies that support an antigen-specific Treg response may limit the immune-inflammatory response and promote cardiac repair after acute MI.
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208
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Farini A, Villa C, Di Silvestre D, Bella P, Tripodi L, Rossi R, Sitzia C, Gatti S, Mauri P, Torrente Y. PTX3 Predicts Myocardial Damage and Fibrosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:403. [PMID: 32508664 PMCID: PMC7248204 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a main component of the innate immune system by inducing complement pathway activation, acting as an inflammatory mediator, coordinating the functions of macrophages/dendritic cells and promoting apoptosis/necrosis. Additionally, it has been found in fibrotic regions co-localizing with collagen. In this work, we wanted to investigate the predictive role of PTX3 in myocardial damage and fibrosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations of the dystrophin gene that affects muscular functions and strength and accompanying dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we expound the correlation of PTX3 cardiac expression with age and Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-MyD88 inflammatory markers and its modulation by the so-called alarmins IL-33, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and S100β. These findings suggest that cardiac levels of PTX3 might have prognostic value and potential in guiding therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Residency Program in Clinical Pathology and Clinical Biochemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute of Technologies in Biomedicine, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
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209
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Adipogenesis of skeletal muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors is affected by the WNT5a/GSK3/β-catenin axis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2921-2941. [PMID: 32382110 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibro/Adipogenic Progenitors (FAPs) are muscle-interstitial progenitors mediating pro-myogenic signals that are critical for muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In myopathies, the autocrine/paracrine constraints controlling FAP adipogenesis are released causing fat infiltrates. Here, by combining pharmacological screening, high-dimensional mass cytometry and in silico network modeling with the integration of single-cell/bulk RNA sequencing data, we highlighted the canonical WNT/GSK/β-catenin signaling as a crucial pathway modulating FAP adipogenesis triggered by insulin signaling. Consistently, pharmacological blockade of GSK3, by the LY2090314 inhibitor, stabilizes β-catenin and represses PPARγ expression abrogating FAP adipogenesis ex vivo while limiting fatty degeneration in vivo. Furthermore, GSK3 inhibition improves the FAP pro-myogenic role by efficiently stimulating, via follistatin secretion, muscle satellite cell (MuSC) differentiation into mature myotubes. Combining, publicly available single-cell RNAseq datasets, we characterize FAPs as the main source of WNT ligands inferring their potential in mediating autocrine/paracrine responses in the muscle niche. Lastly, we identify WNT5a, whose expression is impaired in dystrophic FAPs, as a crucial WNT ligand able to restrain the detrimental adipogenic differentiation drift of these cells through the positive modulation of the β-catenin signaling.
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210
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Benabid A, Peduto L. Mesenchymal perivascular cells in immunity and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:50-55. [PMID: 32387900 PMCID: PMC7597593 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a major player in immunity. Here we focus on mesenchymal cells located within or in proximity to the blood vessels wall, which include pericytes, adventitial fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells. We discuss recent evidence that these cells play a role in tissue homeostasis, immunity and inflammatory pathologies by multiple mechanisms, including vascular modulation, leucocyte migration, activation or survival in the perivascular space and differentiation into specialized 'effector' mesenchymal cells essential for tissue repair and immunity, such as myofibroblasts and lymphoid stromal cells. When dysregulated, these responses contribute to inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Benabid
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1224, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1224, Paris, France.
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211
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Knudsen NH, Stanya KJ, Hyde AL, Chalom MM, Alexander RK, Liou YH, Starost KA, Gangl MR, Jacobi D, Liu S, Sopariwala DH, Fonseca-Pereira D, Li J, Hu FB, Garrett WS, Narkar VA, Ortlund EA, Kim JH, Paton CM, Cooper JA, Lee CH. Interleukin-13 drives metabolic conditioning of muscle to endurance exercise. Science 2020; 368:368/6490/eaat3987. [PMID: 32355002 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repeated bouts of exercise condition muscle mitochondria to meet increased energy demand-an adaptive response associated with improved metabolic fitness. We found that the type 2 cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) is induced in exercising muscle, where it orchestrates metabolic reprogramming that preserves glycogen in favor of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Exercise training-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, running endurance, and beneficial glycemic effects were lost in Il13-/- mice. By contrast, enhanced muscle IL-13 signaling was sufficient to increase running distance, glucose tolerance, and mitochondrial activity similar to the effects of exercise training. In muscle, IL-13 acts through both its receptor IL-13Rα1 and the transcription factor Stat3. The genetic ablation of either of these downstream effectors reduced running capacity in mice. Thus, coordinated immunological and physiological responses mediate exercise-elicited metabolic adaptations that maximize muscle fuel economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher J Stanya
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander L Hyde
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mayer M Chalom
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan K Alexander
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yae-Huei Liou
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle A Starost
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Gangl
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Jacobi
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihao Liu
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danesh H Sopariwala
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diogo Fonseca-Pereira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vihang A Narkar
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan H Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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212
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Cautivo KM, Steer CA, Molofsky AB. Immune outposts in the adventitia: One foot in sea and one on shore. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:34-41. [PMID: 32339862 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microscopy, genetically modified mice, and single-cell RNA sequencing have begun to deconvolute the composition and function of tissue immune niches. Here we discuss the evidence that the adventitia, the outermost layer of larger blood vessels, is a conserved niche and tissue immune outpost for multiple immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and subsets of tissue-resident memory T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. We also describe the unique non-immune composition at adventitial regions, including fibroblast-like stromal cell subsets, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells, and neurons, and review how immune-stromal crosstalk impacts regional tissue immunity, organ adaptation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Catherine A Steer
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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213
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Sousa-Victor P, Neves J, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Muscle stem cell aging: identifying ways to induce tissue rejuvenation. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111246. [PMID: 32311419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the functional and regenerative decline of tissues and organs. This regenerative decline is a consequence of the numerical and functional loss of adult stem cells, which are the corner stone of tissue homeostasis and repair. A palpable example of this decline is provided by skeletal muscle, a specialized tissue composed of postmitotic myofibers that contract to generate force. Skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) are long-lived and support muscle regeneration throughout life, but at advanced age they fail for largely undefined reasons. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how satellite cells integrate diverse intrinsic and extrinsic processes to ensure optimal homeostatic function and how this integration is perturbed during aging, causing regenerative failure. With this increased understanding, it is now feasible to design and test interventions that delay satellite cell aging. We discuss the exciting new therapeutic potential of integrating and combining distinct anti-aging strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Joana Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal.
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBERNED, ICREA, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28019, Madrid, Spain.
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214
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Ito M, Komai K, Nakamura T, Srirat T, Yoshimura A. Tissue regulatory T cells and neural repair. Int Immunol 2020; 31:361-369. [PMID: 30893423 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune responses after tissue injury play pivotal roles in the pathology, resolution of inflammation, tissue recovery, fibrosis and remodeling. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the cells responsible for suppressing immune responses and can be activated in secondary lymphatic tissues, where they subsequently regulate effector T cell and dendritic cell activation. Recently, Tregs that reside in non-lymphoid tissues, called tissue Tregs, have been shown to exhibit tissue-specific functions that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. Unlike other tissue Tregs, the role of Tregs in the brain has not been well elucidated because the number of brain Tregs is very small under normal conditions. However, we found that Tregs accumulate in the brain at the chronic phase of ischemic brain injury and control astrogliosis through secretion of a cytokine, amphiregulin (Areg). Brain Tregs resemble other tissue Tregs in many ways but, unlike the other tissue Tregs, brain Tregs express neural-cell-specific genes such as the serotonin receptor (Htr7) and respond to serotonin. Administering serotonin or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in an experimental mouse model of stroke increases the number of brain Tregs and ameliorates neurological symptoms. Knowledge of brain Tregs will contribute to the understanding of various types of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Komai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanakorn Srirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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215
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Zhao TX, Newland SA, Mallat Z. 2019 ATVB Plenary Lecture: Interleukin-2 Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: The Potential to Regulate Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:853-864. [PMID: 32078364 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells represent 2 subsets of immune cells, which have been shown in preclinical models to be important in atherosclerosis and myocardial repair. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in immune homeostasis and tolerance via their interactions with effector T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. They also utilize and secrete inhibitory cytokines, including interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, to regulate or suppress pathogenic immune responses. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells have an important role in type-2 immune responses and tissue repair through secreting interleukins 5 and 13, as well as a variety of biological mediators and growth factors. Intriguingly, interleukin-2 has emerged as a common cytokine, which can be harnessed to upregulate both cell types, and also has important translational consequences as clinical trials are ongoing for its use in cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly review the biology of these regulatory immune cell types, discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for their functions in cardiovascular disease, examine the prospects for clinical translation and current ongoing trials, and finally, postulate how overlap in the mechanisms of upregulation may be leveraged in future treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian X Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Stephen A Newland
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
- Paris-Descartes Université, Inserm U970, France (Z.M.)
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216
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Moyé S, Bormann T, Maus R, Sparwasser T, Sandrock I, Prinz I, Warnecke G, Welte T, Gauldie J, Kolb M, Maus UA. Regulatory T Cells Limit Pneumococcus-Induced Exacerbation of Lung Fibrosis in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2429-2438. [PMID: 32213566 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can experience life-threatening episodes of acute worsening of their disease, termed acute exacerbation of IPF, which may be caused by bacterial and/or viral infections. The potential for regulatory T cells (Tregs) to limit disease progression in bacterially triggered fibrosis exacerbation has not been explored so far. In the current study, we show that the number of Tregs was significantly increased in mice with established AdTGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis and further increased in mice with pneumococcal infection-induced lung fibrosis exacerbation. Diphtheria toxin-induced depletion of Tregs significantly worsened infection-induced fibrosis exacerbation as determined by increased lung collagen deposition, lung histology, and elevated pulmonary Th1/Th2 cytokine levels. Conversely, IL-2 complex-induced Treg expansion in wild-type mice with established lung fibrosis completely inhibited pneumococcal infection-induced fibrosis exacerbation as efficaciously as antibiotic treatment while preserving lung antibacterial immunity in mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of Tregs as "silencers," suppressing infection-induced exacerbation of lung fibrosis in mice, and their expansion may offer a novel adjunctive treatment to limit acute exacerbations in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Moyé
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tina Bormann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Partner Site BREATH, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Partner Site BREATH, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; and
| | | | | | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; .,Partner Site BREATH, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover 30625, Germany
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217
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Fang J, Zhang S, Liu Z, Pan Y, Cao L, Hou P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu R, Shang Q, Zheng Z, Song L, Li Y, Fu Z, Lin L, Melino G, Wang Y, Shao C, Shi Y. Skeletal muscle stem cells confer maturing macrophages anti-inflammatory properties through insulin-like growth factor-2. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:773-785. [PMID: 32176461 PMCID: PMC7308640 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines produced by immune cells have been demonstrated to act on muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and direct their fate and behavior during muscle repair and regeneration. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether and how MuSCs can also in turn modulate the properties of immune cells. Here, we showed that in vitro expanded MuSCs exhibited a potent anti‐inflammatory effect when infused into mice suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Supernatant conditioned by MuSCs similarly ameliorated IBD. This beneficial effect of MuSCs was not observed when macrophages were depleted. The MuSC supernatant was found to greatly attenuate the expression of inflammatory cytokines but increase the expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. Further analysis revealed that MuSCs produce a large amount of insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (IGF‐2) that instructs maturing macrophages to undergo oxidative phosphorylation and thus acquire anti‐inflammatory properties. Interestingly, the IGF‐2 production by MuSCs is much higher than by mesenchymal stem cells. Knockdown or neutralization of IGF‐2 abrogated the anti‐inflammatory effects of MuSCs and their therapeutic efficacy on IBD. Our study demonstrated that MuSCs possess a strong anti‐inflammatory property and the bidirectional interactions between immune cells and MuSCs have important implications in muscle‐related physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yongsha Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yongjing Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Qianwen Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Zhonglin Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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218
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Li C, Spallanzani RG, Mathis D. Visceral adipose tissue Tregs and the cells that nurture them. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:114-125. [PMID: 32162339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a primary site for storage of excess energy, but it also serves as an important endocrine organ that impacts organismal metabolism. Chronic, low-grade inflammation of VAT, and eventually systemically, is one of the major drivers of obesity-associated insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. A unique population of regulatory T cells (Tregs), with a distinct transcriptional profile and antigen receptor repertoire resides in VAT, keeps inflammation in check and regulates organismal metabolism. Accumulation of these cells depends on interactions with other local immunocytes and, importantly, subtypes of VAT mesenchymal stromal cells (VmSCs) that are either immunomodulators or adipogenic. We summarize our current understanding of the phenotype, function, dependencies, derivation, and modulations of VAT Tregs, and review the heterogeneity and regulation of VmSCs as well as their cross talk with VAT Tregs. Lastly, we discuss imperative questions remaining to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raul German Spallanzani
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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219
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Wang K, Yaghi OK, Spallanzani RG, Chen X, Zemmour D, Lai N, Chiu IM, Benoist C, Mathis D. Neuronal, stromal, and T-regulatory cell crosstalk in murine skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5402-5408. [PMID: 32102913 PMCID: PMC7071852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922559117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct population of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells promotes repair of acutely or chronically injured skeletal muscle. The accumulation of these cells depends critically on interleukin (IL)-33 produced by local mesenchymal stromal cells (mSCs). An intriguing physical association among muscle nerves, IL-33+ mSCs, and Tregs has been reported, and invites a deeper exploration of this cell triumvirate. Here we evidence a striking proximity between IL-33+ muscle mSCs and both large-fiber nerve bundles and small-fiber sensory neurons; report that muscle mSCs transcribe an array of genes encoding neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, and other nerve-related proteins; define muscle mSC subtypes that express both IL-33 and the receptor for the calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP); and demonstrate that up- or down-tuning of CGRP signals augments or diminishes, respectively, IL-33 production by muscle mSCs and later accumulation of muscle Tregs. Indeed, a single injection of CGRP induced much of the genetic program elicited in mSCs early after acute skeletal muscle injury. These findings highlight neural/stromal/immune-cell crosstalk in tissue repair, suggesting future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Omar K Yaghi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raul German Spallanzani
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David Zemmour
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nicole Lai
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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220
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Baht GS, Bareja A, Lee DE, Rao RR, Huang R, Huebner JL, Bartlett DB, Hart CR, Gibson JR, Lanza IR, Kraus VB, Gregory SG, Spiegelman BM, White JP. Meteorin-like facilitates skeletal muscle repair through a Stat3/IGF-1 mechanism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:278-289. [PMID: 32694780 PMCID: PMC7504545 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a multifunctional role throughout the regenerative process, regulating both pro-/anti-inflammatory phases and progenitor cell function. In the present study, we identify the myokine/cytokine Meteorin-like (Metrnl) as a critical regulator of muscle regeneration. Mice genetically lacking Metrnl have impaired muscle regeneration associated with a reduction in immune cell infiltration and an inability to transition towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Isochronic parabiosis, joining wild-type and whole-body Metrnl knock-out (KO) mice, returns Metrnl expression in the injured muscle and improves muscle repair, providing supportive evidence for Metrnl secretion from infiltrating immune cells. Macrophage-specific Metrnl KO mice are also deficient in muscle repair. During muscle regeneration, Metrnl works, in part, through Stat3 activation in macrophages, resulting in differentiation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. With regard to myogenesis, Metrnl induces macrophage-dependent insulin-like growth factor 1 production, which has a direct effect on primary muscle satellite cell proliferation. Perturbations in this pathway inhibit efficacy of Metrnl in the regenerative process. Together, these studies identify Metrnl as an important regulator of muscle regeneration and a potential therapeutic target to enhance tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet S Baht
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Akshay Bareja
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David E Lee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh R Rao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Corey R Hart
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason R Gibson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James P White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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221
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Messing M, Jan-Abu SC, McNagny K. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Central Players in a Recurring Theme of Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1350. [PMID: 32079296 PMCID: PMC7072936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate counterparts to the well-established T helper cell subsets and are most abundant at barrier surfaces, where they participate in tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses against invading pathogens. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) share cytokine and transcription factor expression profiles with type-2 helper T cells and are primarily associated with immune responses against allergens and helminth infections. Emerging data, however, suggests that ILC2s are also key regulators in other inflammatory settings; both in a beneficial context, such as the establishment of neonatal immunity, tissue repair, and homeostasis, and in the context of pathological tissue damage and disease, such as fibrosis development. This review focuses on the interactions of ILC2s with stromal cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and T regulatory cells that are common to the different settings in which type-2 immunity has been explored. We further discuss how an understanding of these interactions can reveal new avenues of therapeutic tissue regeneration, where the role of ILC2s is yet to be fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Messing
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
| | - Sia Cecilia Jan-Abu
- Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
| | - Kelly McNagny
- Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B9, Canada;
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222
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Exercise enhances skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting senescence in fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:889. [PMID: 32060352 PMCID: PMC7021787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Since high-dose glucocorticoids might not lead to full recovery of muscle function, physical exercise is also an important intervention, but some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis. It is unknown how physical exercise can have both beneficial and detrimental effects in chronic myopathy. Here we show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise-induced muscle damage is needed to establish a state of regenerative inflammation that induces muscle regeneration. In chronic inflammatory myopathy model mice, exercise does not promote FAP senescence or resistance against tumor necrosis factor–mediated apoptosis. Pro-senescent intervention combining exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation reverses FAP apoptosis resistance and improves muscle function and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the absence of FAP senescence after exercise leads to muscle degeneration with FAP accumulation. FAP-targeted pro-senescent interventions with exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation may constitute a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory myopathy. Some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis in chronic myopathy. Here, the authors show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise induces muscle regeneration, and impaired FAP senescence worsens inflammation and fibrosis in chronic myopathy in mice.
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223
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do Valle Duraes F, Lafont A, Beibel M, Martin K, Darribat K, Cuttat R, Waldt A, Naumann U, Wieczorek G, Gaulis S, Pfister S, Mertz KD, Li J, Roma G, Warncke M. Immune cell landscaping reveals a protective role for regulatory T cells during kidney injury and fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130651. [PMID: 32051345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney diseases are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the underlying mechanisms determining the transition from acute to chronic injury are not completely understood, immune-mediated processes are critical in renal injury. We have performed a comparison of 2 mouse models leading to either kidney regeneration or fibrosis. Using global gene expression profiling we could identify immune-related pathways accounting for the majority of the observed transcriptional changes during fibrosis. Unbiased examination of the immune cell composition, using single-cell RNA sequencing, revealed major changes in tissue-resident macrophages and T cells. Following injury, there was a marked increase in tissue-resident IL-33R+ and IL-2Ra+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Expansion of this population before injury protected the kidney from injury and fibrosis. Transcriptional profiling of Tregs showed a differential upregulation of regenerative and proangiogenic pathways during regeneration, whereas in the fibrotic environment they expressed markers of hyperactivation and fibrosis. Our data point to a hitherto underappreciated plasticity in Treg function within the same tissue, dictated by environmental cues. Overall, we provide a detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the immunological changes during kidney injury, regeneration, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armelle Lafont
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kea Martin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katy Darribat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Swann Gaulis
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Pfister
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jianping Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Warncke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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224
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Suppa M, Ginaldi L. IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1239. [PMID: 32069819 PMCID: PMC7072890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the immunoskeletal interface has led to the discovery of numerous cytokines involved in the regulation of bone remodeling, providing valuable information on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The role of inflammatory cytokines of the Th1 and Th17 profile in osteoporosis is well known. Here we focus on two newly discovered Th2 cytokines, IL-31 and IL-33, whose implications in osteoporosis are recently emerging. Clinical and experimental observations suggest an important role of the IL-33/IL-31 axis in osteoporosis. IL-33 induces IL-31 secretion by Th2 cells and inhibits RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis, thus counteracting bone loss. IL-31 influences Th1/Th17 osteoclastogenetic inflammation and limits Th2 osteoprotective processes, thus favoring osteoporosis. Better knowledge of the role of IL-31 and IL-33 and their receptor complexes in osteoporosis could provide an interesting perspective for the development of new and more effective therapies, possibly with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.M.S.); (L.G.)
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, AUSL 04 64100 Teramo, Italy
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225
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Howard EE, Pasiakos SM, Blesso CN, Fussell MA, Rodriguez NR. Divergent Roles of Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle Recovery From Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32116792 PMCID: PMC7031348 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A transient increase in local pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following skeletal muscle injury mediates the repair and regeneration of damaged myofibers through myogenesis. Regenerative capacity is diminished and muscle wasting occurs, however, when intramuscular inflammatory signaling is exceedingly high or persists chronically. An excessive and persistent inflammatory response to muscle injury may therefore impair recovery by limiting the repair of damaged tissue and triggering muscle atrophy. The concentration-dependent activation of different downstream signaling pathways by several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cell and animal models support these opposing roles of post-injury inflammation. Understanding these molecular pathways is essential in developing therapeutic strategies to attenuate excessive inflammation and accelerate functional recovery and muscle mass accretion following muscle damage. This is especially relevant given the observation that basal levels of intramuscular inflammation and the inflammatory response to muscle damage are not uniform across all populations, suggesting certain individuals may be more susceptible to an excessive inflammatory response to injury that limits recovery. This narrative review explores the opposing roles of intramuscular inflammation in muscle regeneration and muscle protein turnover. Factors contributing to an exceedingly high inflammatory response to damage and age-related impairments in regenerative capacity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Howard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maya A Fussell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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226
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Etienne J, Liu C, Skinner CM, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Skeletal muscle as an experimental model of choice to study tissue aging and rejuvenation. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:4. [PMID: 32033591 PMCID: PMC7007696 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is among the most age-sensitive tissues in mammal organisms. Significant changes in its resident stem cells (i.e., satellite cells, SCs), differentiated cells (i.e., myofibers), and extracellular matrix cause a decline in tissue homeostasis, function, and regenerative capacity. Based on the conservation of aging across tissues and taking advantage of the relatively well-characterization of the myofibers and associated SCs, skeletal muscle emerged as an experimental system to study the decline in function and maintenance of old tissues and to explore rejuvenation strategies. In this review, we summarize the approaches for understanding the aging process and for assaying the success of rejuvenation that use skeletal muscle as the experimental system of choice. We further discuss (and exemplify with studies of skeletal muscle) how conflicting results might be due to variations in the techniques of stem cell isolation, differences in the assays of functional rejuvenation, or deciding on the numbers of replicates and experimental cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA.
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227
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Reggio A, Rosina M, Krahmer N, Palma A, Petrilli LL, Maiolatesi G, Massacci G, Salvatori I, Valle C, Testa S, Gargioli C, Fuoco C, Castagnoli L, Cesareni G, Sacco F. Metabolic reprogramming of fibro/adipogenic progenitors facilitates muscle regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/3/e202000646. [PMID: 32019766 PMCID: PMC7003708 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet ameliorates muscle dystrophic phenotype by promoting the FAP-dependent myogenesis of satellite cells. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of the dystrophin protein causes a variety of poorly understood secondary effects. Notably, muscle fibers of dystrophic individuals are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunctions, as revealed by a reduced ATP production rate and by defective oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we show that in a mouse model of DMD (mdx), fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are characterized by a dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism which correlates with increased adipogenic potential. Using high-sensitivity mass spectrometry–based proteomics, we report that a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) reprograms dystrophic FAP metabolism in vivo. By combining our proteomic dataset with a literature-derived signaling network, we revealed that HFD modulates the β-catenin–follistatin axis. These changes are accompanied by significant amelioration of the histological phenotype in dystrophic mice. Transplantation of purified FAPs from HFD-fed mice into the muscles of dystrophic recipients demonstrates that modulation of FAP metabolism can be functional to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype. Our study supports metabolic reprogramming of muscle interstitial progenitor cells as a novel approach to alleviate some of the adverse outcomes of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Reggio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rosina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Krahmer
- Department Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgia Massacci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Testa
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy .,Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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228
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Campbell C, Rudensky A. Roles of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Pathophysiology and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2020; 31:18-25. [PMID: 31607562 PMCID: PMC7657366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the X-chromosome-encoded transcription factor Foxp3 represent a specialized immunosuppressive lineage with a well-recognized, essential function in preventing fatal autoimmunity and inflammation. Recent studies revealed that Treg cells can also exert systemic effects on metabolism and partake in tissue repair, suggesting a dual role for these cells in serving and protecting tissues. Here, we review multiple means by which Treg cells support tissue function and organismal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Alexander Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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229
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Muñoz‐Cánoves P, Neves J, Sousa‐Victor P. Understanding muscle regenerative decline with aging: new approaches to bring back youthfulness to aged stem cells. FEBS J 2020; 287:406-416. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pura Muñoz‐Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences CIBERNED ICREA University Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center Madrid Spain
| | - Joana Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa‐Victor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Portugal
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230
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Salminen A. Activation of immunosuppressive network in the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100998. [PMID: 31838128 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has a key role in the aging process, a state called inflammaging. It is known that the chronic inflammatory condition generates counteracting immunosuppressive state in many diseases. Inflammaging is also associated with an immune deficiency; generally termed as immunosenescence, although it is not known whether it represents the senescence of immune cells or the active remodeling of immune system. Evidence has accumulated since the 1970's indicating that immunosenescence might be caused by an increased activity of immunosuppressive cells rather than cellular senescence. Immune cells display remarkable plasticity; many of these cells can express both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotypes in a context-dependent manner. The immunosuppressive network involves the regulatory subtypes of T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells as well as regulatory phenotypes of macrophages (Mreg), dendritic (DCreg), natural killer (NKreg), and type II natural killer T (NKT) cells. The immunosuppressive network also includes monocytic (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear (PMN-MDSC) myeloid-derived suppressor cells which are immature myeloid cells induced by inflammatory mediators. This co-operative network is stimulated in chronic inflammatory conditions preventing excessive inflammatory responses but at the same time they exert harmful effects on the immune system and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that the aging process is associated with the activation of immunosuppressive network, especially the functions of MDSCs, Tregs, and Mregs are increased. I will briefly review the properties of the regulatory phenotypes of immune cells and examine in detail the evidences for an activation of immunosuppressive network with aging.
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231
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Cho J, Kuswanto W, Benoist C, Mathis D. T cell receptor specificity drives accumulation of a reparative population of regulatory T cells within acutely injured skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26727-26733. [PMID: 31822623 PMCID: PMC6936428 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914848116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in controlling both homeostatic processes and immune responses at the tissue and organismal levels. For example, Tregs promote muscle regeneration in acute or chronic injury models by direct effects on local muscle progenitor cells, as well as on infiltrating inflammatory cells. Muscle Tregs have a transcriptome, a T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and effector capabilities distinct from those of classical, lymphoid-organ Tregs, but it has proven difficult to study the provenance and functions of these unique features due to the rarity of muscle Tregs and their fragility on isolation. Here, we attempted to sidestep these hindrances by generating, characterizing, and employing a line of mice carrying rearranged transgenes encoding the TCRα and TCRβ chains from a Treg clone rapidly and specifically expanded within acutely injured hindlimb muscle of young mice. Tregs displaying the transgene-encoded TCR preferentially accumulated in injured hindlimb muscle in a TCR-dependent manner both in the straight transgenic model and in adoptive-transfer systems; non-Treg CD4+ T cells expressing the same TCR did not specifically localize in injured muscle. The definitive muscle-Treg transcriptome was not established until the transgenic Tregs inhabited muscle. When crossed onto the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the muscle-Treg TCR transgenes drove enhanced accumulation of Tregs in hindlimb muscles and improved muscle regeneration. These findings invoke the possibility of harnessing muscle Tregs or their TCRs for treatment of skeletal muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cho
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Wilson Kuswanto
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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232
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Turner RM, Pirmohamed M. Statin-Related Myotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenomic and Muscle Components. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010022. [PMID: 31861911 PMCID: PMC7019839 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are a cornerstone in the pharmacological prevention of cardiovascular disease. Although generally well tolerated, a small subset of patients experience statin-related myotoxicity (SRM). SRM is heterogeneous in presentation; phenotypes include the relatively more common myalgias, infrequent myopathies, and rare rhabdomyolysis. Very rarely, statins induce an anti-HMGCR positive immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Diagnosing SRM in clinical practice can be challenging, particularly for mild SRM that is frequently due to alternative aetiologies and the nocebo effect. Nevertheless, SRM can directly harm patients and lead to statin discontinuation/non-adherence, which increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Several factors increase systemic statin exposure and predispose to SRM, including advanced age, concomitant medications, and the nonsynonymous variant, rs4149056, in SLCO1B1, which encodes the hepatic sinusoidal transporter, OATP1B1. Increased exposure of skeletal muscle to statins increases the risk of mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium signalling disruption, reduced prenylation, atrogin-1 mediated atrophy and pro-apoptotic signalling. Rare variants in several metabolic myopathy genes including CACNA1S, CPT2, LPIN1, PYGM and RYR1 increase myopathy/rhabdomyolysis risk following statin exposure. The immune system is implicated in both conventional statin intolerance/myotoxicity via LILRB5 rs12975366, and a strong association exists between HLA-DRB1*11:01 and anti-HMGCR positive myopathy. Epigenetic factors (miR-499-5p, miR-145) have also been implicated in statin myotoxicity. SRM remains a challenge to the safe and effective use of statins, although consensus strategies to manage SRM have been proposed. Further research is required, including stringent phenotyping of mild SRM through N-of-1 trials coupled to systems pharmacology omics- approaches to identify novel risk factors and provide mechanistic insight.
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233
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Ruparelia AA, Ratnayake D, Currie PD. Stem cells in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration in amniotes and teleosts: Emerging themes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 9:e365. [PMID: 31743958 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a contractile, postmitotic tissue that retains the capacity to grow and regenerate throughout life in amniotes and teleost. Both muscle growth and regeneration are regulated by obligate tissue resident muscle stem cells. Given that considerable knowledge exists on the myogenic process, recent studies have focused on examining the molecular markers of muscle stem cells, and on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals regulating their function. From this, two themes emerge: firstly, muscle stem cells display remarkable heterogeneity not only with regards to their gene expression profile, but also with respect to their behavior and function; and secondly, the stem cell niche is a critical regulator of muscle stem cell function during growth and regeneration. Here, we will address the current understanding of these emerging themes with emphasis on the distinct processes used by amniotes and teleost, and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the muscle growth and regeneration fields. This article is characterized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnika A Ruparelia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dhanushika Ratnayake
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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234
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Skeletal muscle as potential central link between sarcopenia and immune senescence. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:381-388. [PMID: 31662290 PMCID: PMC6945275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As our population grows older, age-related pathologies are becoming more prevalent. Deterioration of skeletal muscle and the immune system manifests as sarcopenia and immune senescence respectively. The disease burden of these pathologies emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Skeletal muscle has emerged as a potent regulator of immune system function. As such, skeletal muscle might be the central integrator between sarcopenia and immune senescence in an aging biological system. Therapeutic approaches targeting skeletal muscle might be able to restore both muscle and immune system function. In this review, we therefore outline the current - however still fragmentary - knowledge about the potential communication pathways of muscle and immune system, how they are affected by aging of skeletal muscle and discuss possible treatment strategies. The review intends to be hypothesis-generating and should thereby stimulate further research in this important scientific field.
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235
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Paluskievicz CM, Cao X, Abdi R, Zheng P, Liu Y, Bromberg JS. T Regulatory Cells and Priming the Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2453. [PMID: 31681327 PMCID: PMC6803384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treg play a central role in maintenance of self tolerance and homeostasis through suppression of self-reactive T cell populations. In addition to that role, Treg also survey cancers and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Thus, understanding the unique attributes of Treg-tumor interactions may permit control of this pathologic suppression without interfering with homeostatic self-tolerance. This review will define the unique role of Treg in cancer growth, and the ways by which Treg inhibit a robust anti-tumor immune response. There will be specific focus placed on Treg homing to the tumor microenvironment (TME), TME formation of induced Treg (iTreg), mechanisms of suppression that underpin cancer immune escape, and trophic nonimmunologic effects of Treg on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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236
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Alvarez P, Bogen O, Levine JD. Nociceptor Interleukin 33 Receptor/ST2 Signaling in Vibration-Induced Muscle Pain in the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:506-512. [PMID: 31562993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to mechanical vibration can produce the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), whose most disabling symptom is persistent muscle pain. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of HAVS pain is still poorly understood, precluding the development of mechanism-based therapies. Since interleukin 33 (IL-33) is essential for inflammation and recovery that follows skeletal muscle injury, we explored its role in muscle pain in a model of HAVS, in adult male rats. Concomitant to mechanical hyperalgesia, an increase in IL-33 in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle was observed 24 hours after vibration. A similar hyperalgesia was produced by intramuscular injection of recombinant rat IL-33 (rrIL-33, 10-300 ng). Intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to IL-33R/ST2 mRNA decreased the expression of ST2 in DRG and attenuated both rrIL-33 and vibration-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Together these data support the suggestion that IL-33 plays a central role in vibration-induced muscle pain by action, at least in part, on skeletal muscle nociceptors. PERSPECTIVE: Our findings provide evidence of the contribution of IL-33, acting on its canonical receptor, in nociceptors, to muscle pain induced by ergonomic vibration. This suggests that targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling may be a useful strategy for the treatment of muscle pain in HAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Bogen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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237
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Rana BMJ, Jou E, Barlow JL, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Walker JA, Knox C, Jolin HE, Hardman CS, Sivasubramaniam M, Szeto A, Cohen ES, Scott IC, Sleeman MA, Chidomere CI, Cruz Migoni S, Caamano J, Jorgensen HF, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A, McKenzie ANJ. A stromal cell niche sustains ILC2-mediated type-2 conditioning in adipose tissue. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1999-2009. [PMID: 31248899 PMCID: PMC6719433 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), type-2 cytokines, and eosinophils have all been implicated in sustaining adipose tissue homeostasis. However, the interplay between the stroma and adipose-resident immune cells is less well understood. We identify that white adipose tissue-resident multipotent stromal cells (WAT-MSCs) can act as a reservoir for IL-33, especially after cell stress, but also provide additional signals for sustaining ILC2. Indeed, we demonstrate that WAT-MSCs also support ICAM-1-mediated proliferation and activation of LFA-1-expressing ILC2s. Consequently, ILC2-derived IL-4 and IL-13 feed back to induce eotaxin secretion from WAT-MSCs, supporting eosinophil recruitment. Thus, MSCs provide a niche for multifaceted dialogue with ILC2 to sustain a type-2 immune environment in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batika M J Rana
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric Jou
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jennifer A Walker
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Knox
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare S Hardman
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aydan Szeto
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiamaka I Chidomere
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sara Cruz Migoni
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jorge Caamano
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helle F Jorgensen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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238
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Biferali B, Proietti D, Mozzetta C, Madaro L. Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Cross-Talk in Skeletal Muscle: The Social Network. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1074. [PMID: 31496956 PMCID: PMC6713247 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of a large and heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact with each other to maintain muscle homeostasis and orchestrate regeneration. Although satellite cells (SCs) – which are muscle stem cells – are the protagonists of functional muscle repair following damage, several other cells such as inflammatory, vascular, and mesenchymal cells coordinate muscle regeneration in a finely tuned process. Fibro–adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are a muscle interstitial mesenchymal cell population, which supports SCs differentiation during tissue regeneration. During the first days following muscle injury FAPs undergo massive expansion, which is followed by their macrophage-mediated clearance and the re-establishment of their steady-state pool. It is during this critical time window that FAPs, together with the other cellular components of the muscle stem cell niche, establish a dynamic network of interactions that culminate in muscle repair. A number of different molecules have been recently identified as important mediators of this cross-talk, and its alteration has been associated with different muscle pathologies. In this review, we will focus on the soluble factors that regulate FAPs activity, highlighting their roles in orchestrating the inter-cellular interactions between FAPs and the other cell populations that participate in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biferali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daisy Proietti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzetta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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239
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Koizumi SI, Ishikawa H. Transcriptional Regulation of Differentiation and Functions of Effector T Regulatory Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E939. [PMID: 31434282 PMCID: PMC6721668 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells can suppress the activity of various types of immune cells and play key roles in the maintenance of self-tolerance and in the regulation of immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. Treg cells consist of heterogeneous subsets that have distinct phenotypes and functions. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve-like thymus-derived Treg cells, which circulate in secondary lymphoid organs, can differentiate into effector Treg (eTreg) cells and migrate to and control immune homeostasis of peripheral tissues. eTreg cells are heterogeneous in terms of their ability to localize to specific tissues and suppress particular types of immune responses. Differentiation and function of diverse eTreg subsets are regulated by a variety of transcription factors that are activated by antigens and cytokines. In this article, we review the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of differentiation and function of eTreg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Koizumi
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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240
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Al-Dabbagh S, McPhee JS, Piasecki M, Stewart CE, Al-Shanti N. Soluble Factors Released From Activated T Lymphocytes Regulate C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation and Cellular Signaling, but Effects Are Blunted in the Elderly. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1375-1385. [PMID: 30329021 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The key objective of this work was to investigate the impact of young and old human lymphocyte secretomes on C2C12 myoblasts regeneration. Conditioned media were harvested from isolated young and older lymphocytes treated with (activated [AC]) or without (nonactivated [NA]), anti-CD3/CD28 activators for 4 days. AC conditioned media from older lymphocytes had decreased levels of amphiregulin (367 ± 208 pg/mL vs 904 ± 323 pg/mL; p = .018) and IGF-I (845 ± 88 ng/mL vs 1100 ± 48 ng/mL; p = .032) compared with younger AC lymphocytes. AC older versus younger lymphocytes had reduced expression of CD25 (24.6 ± 5.5%; p = .0003) and increased expression of FoxP3 (35 ± 15.7%; p = .032). Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with young AC lymphocytes resulted in decreased expression of MyoD (0.46 ± 0.12; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.34 ± 0.05; p = .010) mRNA, increased activation of MEk1 (724 ± 140 mean fluorescent intensity [MFI]; p =.001) and ERK1/2 (3768 ± 314 MFI; p =.001), and a decreased activation of Akt (74.5 ± 4 MFI; p = .009) and mTOR (61.8 ± 7 MFI; p = .001) compared with old AC lymphocytes. By contrast, C2C12 myoblasts treated with older AC lymphocytes displayed increased expression of MyoD (0.7 ± 0.08; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.68 ± 0.05; p =.010) mRNA, decreased phosphorylation of MEk1 and ERK1/2 (528 ± 80 MFI; p = .008, and 1141 ± 668 MFI; p = .001, respectively), and increased Akt/mTOR activation (171 ± 35 MFI; p = .009, and 184 ± 33 MFI; p = .001, respectively). These data provide new evidence that differences between older and younger lymphocyte secretomes contribute to differential responses of C2C12 myoblasts in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Dabbagh
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University
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241
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Wing JB, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S. Human FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity and Function in Autoimmunity and Cancer. Immunity 2019; 50:302-316. [PMID: 30784578 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 have a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. Recent advances in single cell analyses have revealed a range of Treg cell activation and differentiation states in different human pathologies. Here we review recent progress in the understanding of human Treg cell heterogeneity and function. We discuss these findings within the context of concepts in Treg cell development and function derived from preclinical models and insight from approaches targeting Treg cells in clinical settings. Distinguishing functional Treg cells from other T cells and understanding the context-dependent function(s) of different Treg subsets will be crucial to the development of strategies toward the selective therapeutic manipulation of Treg cells in autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Wing
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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242
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D'Alessio FR, Kurzhagen JT, Rabb H. Reparative T lymphocytes in organ injury. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2608-2618. [PMID: 31259743 DOI: 10.1172/jci124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute organ injuries such as acute cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and others are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Dysregulated or insufficient organ repair mechanisms limit restoration of homeostasis and contribute to chronic organ failure. Studies reveal that both humans and mice harness potent non-stem cells that are capable of directly or indirectly promoting tissue repair. Specific populations of T lymphocytes have emerged as important reparative cells with context-specific actions. These T cells can resolve inflammation and secrete reparative cytokines and growth factors as well as interact with other immune and stromal cells to promote the complex and active process of tissue repair. This Review focuses on the major populations of T lymphocytes known to mediate tissue repair, their reparative mechanisms, and the diseases in which they have been implicated. Elucidating and harnessing the mechanisms that promote the reparative functions of these T cells could greatly improve organ dysfunction after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna T Kurzhagen
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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243
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Li J, Yang KY, Tam RCY, Chan VW, Lan HY, Hori S, Zhou B, Lui KO. Regulatory T-cells regulate neonatal heart regeneration by potentiating cardiomyocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner. Theranostics 2019; 9:4324-4341. [PMID: 31285764 PMCID: PMC6599663 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal mouse heart is capable of transiently regenerating after injury from postnatal day (P) 0-7 and macrophages are found important in this process. However, whether macrophages alone are sufficient to orchestrate this regeneration; what regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation; why cardiomyocytes do not proliferate after P7; and whether adaptive immune cells such as regulatory T-cells (Treg) influence neonatal heart regeneration have less studied. Methods: We employed both loss- and gain-of-function transgenic mouse models to study the role of Treg in neonatal heart regeneration. In loss-of-function studies, we treated mice with the lytic anti-CD25 antibody that specifically depletes Treg; or we treated FOXP3DTR with diphtheria toxin that specifically ablates Treg. In gain-of-function studies, we adoptively transferred hCD2+ Treg from NOD.Foxp3hCD2 to NOD/SCID that contain Treg as the only T-cell population. Furthermore, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of Treg to uncover paracrine factors essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation. Results: Unlike their wild type counterparts, NOD/SCID mice that are deficient in T-cells but harbor macrophages fail to regenerate their injured myocardium at as early as P3. During the first week of injury, Treg are recruited to the injured cardiac muscle but their depletion contributes to more severe cardiac fibrosis. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of Treg results in mitigated fibrosis and enhanced proliferation and function of the injured cardiac muscle. Mechanistically, single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals that Treg could be a source of regenerative factors. Treg directly promote proliferation of both mouse and human cardiomyocytes in a paracrine manner; and their secreted factors such as CCL24, GAS6 or AREG potentiate neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. By comparing the regenerating P3 and non-regenerating P8 heart, there is a significant increase in the absolute number of intracardiac Treg but the whole transcriptomes of these Treg do not differ regardless of whether the neonatal heart regenerates. Furthermore, even adult Treg, given sufficient quantity, possess the same regenerative capability. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a regenerative role of Treg in neonatal heart regeneration. Treg can directly facilitate cardiomyocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y. Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rachel Chun Yee Tam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vicken W. Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shohei Hori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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244
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Dunn A, Talovic M, Patel K, Patel A, Marcinczyk M, Garg K. Biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1246-1262. [PMID: 30604468 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle can regenerate effectively after mild physical or chemical insult. Muscle trauma or disease can overwhelm this innate capacity for regeneration and result in heightened inflammation and fibrotic tissue deposition resulting in loss of structure and function. Recent studies have focused on biomaterial and stem cell-based therapies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration following injury and disease. Many stem cell populations besides satellite cells are implicated in muscle regeneration. These stem cells include but are not limited to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, fibroadipogenic progenitors, side population cells, and CD133+ stem cells. However, several challenges associated with their isolation, availability, delivery, survival, engraftment, and differentiation have been reported in recent studies. While acellular scaffolds offer a relatively safe and potentially off-the-shelf solution to cell-based therapies, they are often unable to stimulate host cell migration and activity to a level that would result in clinically meaningful regeneration of traumatized muscle. Combining stem cells and biomaterials may offer a viable therapeutic strategy that may overcome the limitations associated with these therapies when they are used in isolation. In this article, we review the stem cell populations that can stimulate muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the regenerative potential of combination therapies that utilize both stem cell and biomaterials for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury and disease. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1246-1262, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Madison Marcinczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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245
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Cautivo KM, Molofsky AB. The Skinny: Pancreatic ILC2s Promote Insulin Secretion. Immunity 2019; 47:812-814. [PMID: 29166583 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of pancreatic insulin production is pivotal in the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes. In this issue of Immunity, Dalmas et al. (2017) describe a type 2 immune circuit where pancreatic interleukin-33 (IL-33) promotes insulin secretion via the activity of islet-associated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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246
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Deyhle MR, Hafen PS, Parmley J, Preece CN, Robison M, Sorensen JR, Jackson B, Eggett DL, Hancock CR, Hyldahl RD. CXCL10 increases in human skeletal muscle following damage but is not necessary for muscle regeneration. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13689. [PMID: 29696819 PMCID: PMC5917067 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL10 is a chemokine for activated and memory T cells with many important immunological functions. We recently found that CXCL10 is upregulated in human muscle following contraction‐induced damage. No information is available on the role of CXCL10 in the context of muscle damage or repair. In this study, we confirm that CXCL10 is elevated in human muscle at 2 and 3 days following damage and perform cell culture and animal studies to examine the role of CXCL10 in muscle repair. CXCL10 did not impact proliferation rates of human primary myoblasts but it did promote myogenic differentiation in vitro, suggesting a possible direct impact on muscle regeneration. To test if CXCL10 was dispensable for effective muscle regeneration in vivo, we measured functional and histological markers of muscle repair out to 14 days postmuscle injury caused by a myotoxin in wild‐type (WT) mice and CXCL10 knockout (KO) mice. Between genotypes, no significant differences were found in loss or restoration of in situ muscle force, cross‐sectional area of newly formed myofibers, or the number of embryonic myosin heavy chain‐positive myofibers. In addition, KO animals were not deficient in T‐cell accumulation in the damaged muscle following injury. Gene expression of the other two ligands (CXCL9 and 11) that bind to the same receptor as CXCL10 were also elevated in the damaged muscle of KO mice. Thus, other ligands may have compensated for the lack of CXCL10 in the KO mice. We conclude that CXCL10 is not necessary for effective muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deyhle
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jacob Parmley
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Coray N Preece
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Marissa Robison
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Blake Jackson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Dennis L Eggett
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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247
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Abstract
Immune cell populations determine the balance between ongoing damage and repair following tissue injury. Cells responding to a tissue-damaged environment have significant bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs. In addition to supporting these needs, metabolic pathways govern the function of pro-repair immune cells, including regulatory T cells and tissue macrophages. In this Review, we explore how specific features of the tissue-damaged environment such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and nutrient depletion serve as metabolic cues to promote or impair the reparative functions of immune cell populations. Hypoxia, mitochondrial DNA stress, and altered redox balance each contribute to mechanisms regulating the response to tissue damage. For example, hypoxia induces changes in regulatory T cell and macrophage metabolic profiles, including generation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which inhibits demethylase reactions to modulate cell fate and function. Reactive oxygen species abundant in oxidative environments cause damage to mitochondrial DNA, initiating signaling pathways that likewise control pro-repair cell function. Nutrient depletion following tissue damage also affects pro-repair cell function through metabolic signaling pathways, specifically those sensitive to the redox state of the cell. The study of immunometabolism as an immediate sensor and regulator of the tissue-damaged environment provides opportunities to consider mechanisms that facilitate healthy repair of tissue injury.
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248
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Bensalah M, Klein P, Riederer I, Chaouch S, Muraine L, Savino W, Butler-Browne GS, Trollet C, Mouly V, Bigot A, Negroni E. Combined methods to evaluate human cells in muscle xenografts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211522. [PMID: 31048846 PMCID: PMC6497248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of human cells into immunodeficient mouse models is a very powerful tool and an essential step for the pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutic cell- and gene- based strategies. Here we describe an optimized protocol combining immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR to both quantify and visualize the fate and localization of human myogenic cells after injection in regenerating muscles of immunodeficient mice. Whereas real-time quantitative PCR-based method provides an accurate quantification of human cells, it does not document their specific localization. The addition of an immunofluorescence approach using human-specific antibodies recognizing engrafted human cells gives information on the localization of the human cells within the host muscle fibres, in the stem cell niche or in the interstitial space. These two combined approaches offer an accurate evaluation of human engraftment including cell number and localization and should provide a gold standard to compare results obtained either using different types of human stem cells or comparing healthy and pathological muscle stem cells between different research laboratories worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bensalah
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Klein
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Ingo Riederer
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Laura Muraine
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Capucine Trollet
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Sorbonne Université, Myology Research Center, UM76 and INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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249
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Chen B, Shan T. The role of satellite and other functional cell types in muscle repair and regeneration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:1-8. [PMID: 30968305 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play essential roles in physiological processes, including motor function, energy hemostasis, and respiration. Skeletal muscles also have the capacity to regenerate after injury. Regeneration of skeletal muscle is an extremely complex biological process, which involves multiple cell types. Skeletal muscle stem cells (also known as satellite cells; SCs) are crucial for the development, growth, maintenance and repair of the skeletal muscle. Cell fates and function have been extensively studied in the context of skeletal muscle regeneration. In addition to SCs, other cell types, such as fibro-adipogenic precursors (FAPs), endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes and certain immune cells, play important regulatory roles during skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current research progress on the different cell types and their respective functions in skeletal muscle regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bide Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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250
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Zaiss DM, Minutti CM, Knipper JA. Immune- and non-immune-mediated roles of regulatory T-cells during wound healing. Immunology 2019; 157:190-197. [PMID: 30866049 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has a well-established contribution to tissue homeostasis and wound healing. However, in many cases immune responses themselves can cause severe tissue damage. Thus, the question arose to which extent cells of the immune system directly contribute to the process of wound healing and to which extent the resolution of excessive immune responses may indirectly contribute to wound healing. FoxP3-expressing CD4 T-cells, so-called regulatory T-cells (Tregs ), have an important contribution in the regulation of immune responses; and, in recent years, it has been suggested that Tregs next to an immune-regulatory, 'damage-limiting' function may also have an immune-independent 'damage-resolving' direct role in wound healing. In particular, the release of the epidermal growth factor-like growth factor Amphiregulin by tissue-resident Tregs during wound repair suggested such a function. Our recent findings have now revealed that Amphiregulin induces the local release of bio-active transforming growth factor (TGF)β, a cytokine involved both in immune regulation as well as in the process of wound repair. In light of these findings, we discuss whether, by locally activating TGFβ, Treg -derived Amphiregulin may contribute to both wound repair and immune suppression. Furthermore, we propose that Treg -derived Amphiregulin in an autocrine way may enable an IL-33-mediated survival and expansion of tissue-resident Tregs upon injury. Furthermore, Treg -derived Amphiregulin may contribute to a constitutive, low-level release of bio-active TGFβ within tissues, leading to continuous tissue regeneration and to an immune-suppressive environment, which may keep inflammation-prone tissues in an homeostatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Johanna A Knipper
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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