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LASSBio-579, a prototype antipsychotic drug, and clozapine are effective in novel object recognition task, a recognition memory model. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:339-49. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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202
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Breeden P, Dere D, Zlomuzica A, Dere E. The mental time travel continuum: on the architecture, capacity, versatility and extension of the mental bridge into the past and future. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:421-34. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMental time travel (MTT) is the ability to remember past events and to anticipate or imagine events in the future. MTT globally serves to optimize decision-making processes, improve problem-solving capabilities and prepare for future needs. MTT is also essential in providing our concept of self, which includes knowledge of our personality, our strengths and weaknesses, as well as our preferences and aversions. We will give an overview in which ways the capacity of animals to perform MTT is different from humans. Based on the existing literature, we conclude that MTT might represent a quantitative rather than qualitative entity with a continuum of MTT capacities in both humans and nonhuman animals. Given its high complexity, MTT requires a large processing capacity in order to integrate multimodal stimuli during the reconstruction of past and/or future events. We suggest that these operations depend on a highly specialized working memory subsystem, ‘the MTT platform’, which might represent a necessary additional component in the multi-component working memory model by Alan Baddeley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescott Breeden
- 1Canine Science Collaboratory, ASU, Office SCOB 366, Society for the Promotion of Applied Research in Canine Science (SPARCS), Education & Research in Canine Science, 2400 Elliott Ave, Apt 411, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Dorothea Dere
- 2Georg Elias Müller Institute for Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Georg August University of Göttingen, Goßlerstr. 14, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
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203
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Ciproxifan, an H3 receptor antagonist, improves short-term recognition memory impaired by isoflurane anesthesia. J Anesth 2016; 30:684-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-016-2189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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204
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Woodling NS, Colas D, Wang Q, Minhas P, Panchal M, Liang X, Mhatre SD, Brown H, Ko N, Zagol-Ikapitte I, van der Hart M, Khroyan TV, Chuluun B, Priyam PG, Milne GL, Rassoulpour A, Boutaud O, Manning-Boğ AB, Heller HC, Andreasson KI. Cyclooxygenase inhibition targets neurons to prevent early behavioural decline in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Brain 2016; 139:2063-81. [PMID: 27190010 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying preventive targets for Alzheimer's disease is a central challenge of modern medicine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in normal ageing populations. This preventive effect coincides with an extended preclinical phase that spans years to decades before onset of cognitive decline. In the brain, COX-2 is induced in neurons in response to excitatory synaptic activity and in glial cells in response to inflammation. To identify mechanisms underlying prevention of cognitive decline by anti-inflammatory drugs, we first identified an early object memory deficit in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice that preceded previously identified spatial memory deficits in this model. We modelled prevention of this memory deficit with ibuprofen, and found that ibuprofen prevented memory impairment without producing any measurable changes in amyloid-β accumulation or glial inflammation. Instead, ibuprofen modulated hippocampal gene expression in pathways involved in neuronal plasticity and increased levels of norepinephrine and dopamine. The gene most highly downregulated by ibuprofen was neuronal tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2), which encodes an enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine. TDO2 expression was increased by neuronal COX-2 activity, and overexpression of hippocampal TDO2 produced behavioural deficits. Moreover, pharmacological TDO2 inhibition prevented behavioural deficits in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate broad effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on multiple neuronal pathways that counteract the neurotoxic effects of early accumulating amyloid-β oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Woodling
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2 Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Damien Colas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paras Minhas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maharshi Panchal
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xibin Liang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhita D Mhatre
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden Brown
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 4 Brains On-line LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Novie Ko
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marieke van der Hart
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taline V Khroyan
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bayarsaikhan Chuluun
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prachi G Priyam
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arash Rassoulpour
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amy B Manning-Boğ
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Craig Heller
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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205
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Hovens IB, van Leeuwen BL, Mariani MA, Kraneveld AD, Schoemaker RG. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation; Cardiac surgery and abdominal surgery are not the same. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 54:178-193. [PMID: 26867718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a debilitating surgical complication, with cardiac surgery patients at particular risk. To gain insight in the mechanisms underlying the higher incidence of POCD after cardiac versus non-cardiac surgery, systemic and central inflammatory changes, alterations in intraneuronal pathways, and cognitive performance were studied after cardiac and abdominal surgery in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to ischemia reperfusion of the upper mesenteric artery (abdominal surgery) or the left coronary artery (cardiac surgery). Control rats remained naïve, received anesthesia only, or received thoracic sham surgery. Rats were subjected to affective and cognitive behavioral tests in postoperative week 2. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory factors, and markers for neuroinflammation (NGAL and microglial activity) and the BDNF pathway (BDNF, p38MAPK and DCX) were determined. Spatial memory was impaired after both abdominal and cardiac surgery, but only cardiac surgery impaired spatial learning and object recognition. While all surgical procedures elicited a pronounced acute systemic inflammatory response, NGAL and TNFα levels were particularly increased after abdominal surgery. Conversely, NGAL in plasma and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and microglial activity in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex on postoperative day 14 were increased after cardiac, but not abdominal surgery. Both surgery types induced hippocampal alterations in BDNF signaling. These results suggest that POCD after cardiac surgery, compared to non-cardiac surgery, affects different cognitive domains and hence may be more extended rather than more severe. Moreover, while abdominal surgery effects seem limited to hippocampal brain regions, cardiac surgery seems associated with more wide spread alterations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris B Hovens
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo A Mariani
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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206
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von Linstow Roloff E, Muller RU, Brown MW. Finding and Not Finding Rat Perirhinal Neuronal Responses to Novelty. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1021-32. [PMID: 26972751 PMCID: PMC4973686 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is much evidence that the perirhinal cortex of both rats and monkeys is important for judging the relative familiarity of visual stimuli. In monkeys many studies have found that a proportion of perirhinal neurons respond more to novel than familiar stimuli. There are fewer studies of perirhinal neuronal responses in rats, and those studies based on exploration of objects, have raised into question the encoding of stimulus familiarity by rat perirhinal neurons. For this reason, recordings of single neuronal activity were made from the perirhinal cortex of rats so as to compare responsiveness to novel and familiar stimuli in two different behavioral situations. The first situation was based upon that used in “paired viewing” experiments that have established rat perirhinal differences in immediate early gene expression for novel and familiar visual stimuli displayed on computer monitors. The second situation was similar to that used in the spontaneous object recognition test that has been widely used to establish the involvement of rat perirhinal cortex in familiarity discrimination. In the first condition 30 (25%) of 120 perirhinal neurons were visually responsive; of these responsive neurons 19 (63%) responded significantly differently to novel and familiar stimuli. In the second condition eight (53%) of 15 perirhinal neurons changed activity significantly in the vicinity of objects (had “object fields”); however, for none (0%) of these was there a significant activity change related to the familiarity of an object, an incidence significantly lower than for the first condition. Possible reasons for the difference are discussed. It is argued that the failure to find recognition‐related neuronal responses while exploring objects is related to its detectability by the measures used, rather than the absence of all such signals in perirhinal cortex. Indeed, as shown by the results, such signals are found when a different methodology is used. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva von Linstow Roloff
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert U Muller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York. In memoriam, Robert U. Muller (1942-2013)
| | - Malcolm W Brown
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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207
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França ASC, Muratori L, Nascimento GC, Pereira CM, Ribeiro S, Lobão-Soares B. Object recognition impairment and rescue by a dopamine D2 antagonist in hyperdopaminergic mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:211-6. [PMID: 27059337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-modified mice without the dopamine transporter (DAT) are hyperdopaminergic, and serve as models for studies of addiction, mania and hyperactive disorders. Here we investigated the capacity for object recognition in mildly hyperdopaminergic mice heterozygous for DAT (DAT +/-), with synaptic dopaminergic levels situated between those shown by DAT -/- homozygous and wild-type (WT) mice. We used a classical dopamine D2 antagonist, haloperidol, to modulate the levels of dopaminergic transmission in a dose-dependent manner, before or after exploring novel objects. In comparison with WT mice, DAT +/- mice showed a deficit in object recognition upon subsequent testing 24h later. This deficit was compensated by a single 0.05mg/kg haloperidol injection 30min before training. In all mice, a 0.3mg/kg haloperidol injected immediately after training impaired object recognition. The results indicate that a mild enhancement of dopaminergic levels can be detrimental to object recognition, and that this deficit can be rescued by a low dose of a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. This suggests that novel object recognition is optimal at intermediate levels of D2 receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S C França
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Larissa Muratori
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Biophysics and Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
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208
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López AJ, Kramár E, Matheos DP, White AO, Kwapis J, Vogel-Ciernia A, Sakata K, Espinoza M, Wood MA. Promoter-Specific Effects of DREADD Modulation on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2016; 36:3588-99. [PMID: 27013687 PMCID: PMC4804014 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3682-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) are a novel tool with the potential to bidirectionally drive cellular, circuit, and ultimately, behavioral changes. We used DREADDs to evaluate memory formation in a hippocampus-dependent task in mice and effects on synaptic physiology in the dorsal hippocampus. We expressed neuron-specific (hSyn promoter) DREADDs that were either excitatory (HM3D) or inhibitory (HM4D) in the dorsal hippocampus. As predicted, hSyn-HM3D was able to transform a subthreshold learning event into long-term memory (LTM), and hSyn-HM4D completely impaired LTM formation. Surprisingly, the opposite was observed during experiments examining the effects on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). hSyn-HM3D impaired LTP and hSyn-HM4D facilitated LTP. Follow-up experiments indicated that the hSyn-HM3D-mediated depression of fEPSP appears to be driven by presynaptic activation of inhibitory currents, whereas the hSyn-HM4D-mediated increase of fEPSP is induced by a reduction in GABAA receptor function. To determine whether these observations were promoter specific, we next examined the effects of using the CaMKIIα promoter that limits expression to forebrain excitatory neurons. CaMKIIα-HM3D in the dorsal hippocampus led to the transformation of a subthreshold learning event into LTM, whereas CaMKIIα-HM4D blocked LTM formation. Consistent with these findings, baseline synaptic transmission and LTP was increased in CaMKIIα-HM3D hippocampal slices, whereas slices from CaMKIIα-HM4D mice produced expected decreases in baseline synaptic transmission and LTP. Together, these experiments further demonstrate DREADDs as being a robust and reliable means of modulating neuronal function to manipulate long-term changes in behavior, while providing evidence for specific dissociations between LTM and LTP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study evaluates the efficacy of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) as a means of bidirectionally modulating the hippocampus in not only a hippocampus-dependent task but also in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of DREADD-mediated inhibition and excitation in hippocampal long-term potentiation. More specifically, this study evaluates the effect of promoter-specific expression of DREADD viruses in a heterogenic cell population, which revealed surprising effects of different promoters. With chemogenetics becoming a more ubiquitous tool throughout studies investigating circuit-specific function, these data are of broad interest to the neuroscientific community because we have shown that promoter-specific effects can drastically alter synaptic function within a specific region, without parallel changes at the level of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J López
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Enikö Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Dina P Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - André O White
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Janine Kwapis
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Annie Vogel-Ciernia
- Davis M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 96516
| | - Keith Sakata
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Monica Espinoza
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, and
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209
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Campbell SN, Zhang C, Roe AD, Lee N, Lao KU, Monte L, Donohue MC, Rissman RA. Impact of CRFR1 Ablation on Amyloid-β Production and Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 45:1175-84. [PMID: 25697705 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress exposure and the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system have been implicated as mechanistically involved in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated rodent models. In particular, the major stress receptor, CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1), modulates cellular activity in many AD-relevant brain areas, and has been demonstrated to impact both tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathways. The overarching goal of our laboratory is to develop and characterize agents that impact the CRF signaling system as disease-modifying treatments for AD. In the present study, we developed a novel transgenic mouse to determine whether partial or complete ablation of CRFR1 was feasible in an AD transgenic model and whether this type of treatment could impact Aβ pathology. Double transgenic AD mice (PSAPP) were crossed to mice null for CRFR1; resultant CRFR1 heterozygous (PSAPP-R1(+/-)) and homozygous (PSAPP-R1(-/-)) female offspring were used at 12 months of age to examine the impact of CRFR1 disruption on the severity of AD Aβ levels and pathology. We found that both PSAPP-R1(+/-) and PSAPP-R1(-/-) had significantly reduced Aβ burden in the hippocampus, insular, rhinal, and retrosplenial cortices. Accordingly, we observed dramatic reductions in Aβ peptides and AβPP-CTFs, providing support for a direct relationship between CRFR1 and Aβ production pathways. In summary, our results suggest that interference of CRFR1 in an AD model is tolerable and is efficacious in impacting Aβ neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Campbell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allyson D Roe
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nickey Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen U Lao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Family Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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210
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Ketones block amyloid entry and improve cognition in an Alzheimer's model. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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211
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Concurrent assessment of memory for object and place: Evidence for different preferential importance of perirhinal cortex and hippocampus and for promnestic effect of a neurokinin-3 R agonist. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:149-58. [PMID: 26899993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We here explore the utility of a paradigm that allows the simultaneous assessment of memory for object (what) and object location (where) and their comparative predominance. Two identical objects are presented during a familiarity trial; during the test trial one of these is displaced, and a new object is presented in a familiar location. When tested 5 or 80min later, rats explored both the novel and the displaced objects more than two familiar stationary objects, indicating intact memory for both, object and place. When tested 24h later rats explored the novel object more than the displaced familiar one, suggesting that forgetting differently influenced object and place memory, with memory for object being more robust than memory for place. Animals that received post-trial administration of the neurokinin-3 receptor agonist senktide and were tested 24h later, now explored the novel and displaced objects equally, suggesting that the treatment prevented the selective decay of memory for location. Next, animals received NMDA lesions in either the perirhinal cortex or the hippocampus, which are hypothesized to be preferentially involved in memory for objects and memory for place, respectively. When tested 5 or 80min later, the perirhinal cortex lesion group explored the displaced object more, indicating relatively deficient object memory, while the hippocampal lesion led to the opposite pattern, demonstrating comparatively deficient place memory. These results suggest different preferential engagement of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus in their processing of memory for object and place. This preference test lends itself to application in the comparison of selective lesions of neural sites and projection systems as well as to the assessment of possible preferential action of pharmacological agents on neurochemical processes that subserve object vs place learning.
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212
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Ortiz-Pérez A, Espinosa-Raya J, Picazo O. An enriched environment and 17-beta estradiol produce similar pro-cognitive effects on ovariectomized rats. Cogn Process 2016; 17:15-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-015-0746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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213
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Wang X, Li P, Liu J, Jin X, Li L, Zhang D, Sun P. Gastrodin Attenuates Cognitive Deficits Induced by 3,3′-Iminodipropionitrile. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1401-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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214
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Lueptow LM, Zhan CG, O'Donnell JM. Cyclic GMP-mediated memory enhancement in the object recognition test by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-2 in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:447-56. [PMID: 26525565 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Using the object recognition test (ORT), this study assessed the effects of two PDE2 inhibitors, Bay 60-7550 and ND7001, on learning and memory, and examined underlying mechanisms. METHODS To assess the role of PDE2 inhibition on phases of memory, Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) was administered: 30 min prior to training; 0, 1, or 3 h after training; or 30 min prior to recall testing. To assess cyclic nucleotide involvement in PDE2 inhibitor-enhanced memory consolidation, either the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)), soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[-1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 20 mg/kg; IP), protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 (2.5 μg; intracerebroventricular (ICV)), or protein kinase A inhibitor H89 (1 μg; ICV) was administered 30 min prior to the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) or ND7001 (3 mg/kg). Changes in the phosphorylation of 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133 and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser-239 were determined to confirm activation of cAMP and 3'5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. RESULTS Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) enhanced memory of mice in the ORT when given 30 min prior to training, immediately after training, or 30 min prior to recall. Inhibitors of the cGMP pathway blocked the memory-enhancing effects of both Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) and ND7001 (3 mg/kg) on early consolidation processes. Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) enhanced phosphorylation of CREB and VASP, both targets of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a potential of PDE2, or components of its signaling pathway, as a therapeutic target for drug discovery focused on restoring memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Lueptow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9128, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Flore G, Di Ruberto G, Parisot J, Sannino S, Russo F, Illingworth EA, Studer M, De Leonibus E. Gradient COUP-TFI Expression Is Required for Functional Organization of the Hippocampal Septo-Temporal Longitudinal Axis. Cereb Cortex 2016; 27:1629-1643. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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216
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Park SY, Kim MJ, Sikandaner H, Kim DK, Yeo SW, Park SN. A causal relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:480-3. [PMID: 26808715 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1130857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Moderate hearing loss in young mice caused decreases in cognition associated with spatial working and recognition memories in 6 months. These results provide evidence for a causal relationship between hearing loss and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES Hypothesized mechanisms to connect sensory and cognitive functions include the sensory-deprivation, information-degradation, and common-cause hypotheses. This study intended to investigate the effect of hearing loss on cognitive function, as estimated by radial arm maze (RAM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks in mice through age- and hearing-matched longitudinal work during a 6-month period. METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice aged 1 month with normal ABR thresholds were used. Twelve mice in the hearing loss (HL) group were exposed to white noise at 110 dB SPL for 60 min every day for 20 days. At post-noise 6 months, all mice underwent RAM and one-trial NOR test. RAM performance measures and NOR discrimination index were compared between two groups. RESULTS At 6 months after noise exposure, all mice in the experimental group had moderate hearing loss. Most of the RAM performances improved gradually within each group across five trials, probably due to learning effect. The HL group showed lower performance scores than the control group in several trial points in the RAM task. The contact time with the novel object was shorter in the HL group than in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Huerxidan Sikandaner
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dong-Kee Kim
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sang Won Yeo
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Shi Nae Park
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
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217
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Mulder CK, Gerkema MP, Van der Zee EA. Role of Aging and Hippocampus in Time-Place Learning: Link to Episodic-Like Memory? Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 9:362. [PMID: 26834595 PMCID: PMC4717310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With time-place learning (TPL), animals link an event with the spatial location and the time of day (TOD). The what-where-when TPL components make the task putatively episodic-like in nature. Animals use an internal sense of time to master TPL, which is circadian system based. Finding indications for a role of the hippocampus and (early) aging-sensitivity in TPL would strengthen the episodic-like memory nature of the paradigm. METHODS Previously, we used C57Bl/6 mice for our TPL research. Here, we used CD1 mice which are less hippocampal-driven and age faster compared to C57Bl/6 mice. To demonstrate the low degree of hippocampal-driven performance in CD1 mice, a cross maze was used. The spontaneous alternation test was used to score spatial working memory in CD1 mice at four different age categories (young (3-6 months), middle-aged (7-11 months), aged (12-18 months) and old (>19 months). TPL performance of middle-aged and aged CD1 mice was tested in a setup with either two or three time points per day (2-arm or 3-arm TPL task). Immunostainings were applied on brains of young and middle-aged C57Bl/6 mice that had successfully mastered the 3-arm TPL task. RESULTS In contrast to C57Bl/6 mice, middle-aged and aged CD1 mice were less hippocampus-driven and failed to master the 3-arm TPL task. They could, however, master the 2-arm TPL task primarily via an ordinal (non-circadian) timing system. c-Fos, CRY2, vasopressin (AVP), and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) were investigated. We found no differences at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; circadian master clock), whereas CRY2 expression was increased in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). The most pronounced difference between TPL trained and control mice was found in c-Fos expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, a circadian system relay station. CONCLUSIONS These results further indicate a key role of CRY proteins in TPL and confirm the limited role of the SCN in TPL. Based on the poor TPL performance of CD1 mice, the results suggest age-sensitivity and hippocampal involvement in TPL. We suspect that TPL reflects an episodic-like memory task, but due to its functional nature, also entail the translation of experienced episodes into semantic rules acquired by training.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Mulder
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Chronobiology, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - M P Gerkema
- Department of Chronobiology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - E A Van der Zee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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218
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Zhang Q, Goto H, Akiyoshi-Nishimura S, Prosselkov P, Sano C, Matsukawa H, Yaguchi K, Nakashiba T, Itohara S. Diversification of behavior and postsynaptic properties by netrin-G presynaptic adhesion family proteins. Mol Brain 2016; 9:6. [PMID: 26746425 PMCID: PMC4706652 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate-specific neuronal genes are expected to play a critical role in the diversification and evolution of higher brain functions. Among them, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored netrin-G subfamily members in the UNC6/netrin family are unique in their differential expression patterns in many neuronal circuits, and differential binding ability to their cognate homologous post-synaptic receptors. RESULTS To gain insight into the roles of these genes in higher brain functions, we performed comprehensive behavioral batteries using netrin-G knockout mice. We found that two netrin-G paralogs that recently diverged in evolution, netrin-G1 and netrin-G2 (gene symbols: Ntng1 and Ntng2, respectively), were responsible for complementary behavioral functions. Netrin-G2, but not netrin-G1, encoded demanding sensorimotor functions. Both paralogs were responsible for complex vertebrate-specific cognitive functions and fine-scale regulation of basic adaptive behaviors conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates, such as spatial reference and working memory, attention, impulsivity and anxiety etc. Remarkably, netrin-G1 and netrin-G2 encoded a genetic "division of labor" in behavioral regulation, selectively mediating different tasks or even different details of the same task. At the cellular level, netrin-G1 and netrin-G2 differentially regulated the sub-synaptic localization of their cognate receptors and differentiated the properties of postsynaptic scaffold proteins in complementary neural pathways. CONCLUSIONS Pre-synaptic netrin-G1 and netrin-G2 diversify the complexity of vertebrate behaviors and differentially regulate post-synaptic properties. Our findings constitute the first genetic analysis of the behavioral and synaptic diversification roles of a vertebrate GPI protein and presynaptic adhesion molecule family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Goto
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Akiyoshi-Nishimura
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Pavel Prosselkov
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Chie Sano
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Matsukawa
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kunio Yaguchi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nakashiba
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Yusoff NHM, Suhaimi FW, Vadivelu RK, Hassan Z, Rümler A, Rotter A, Amato D, Dringenberg HC, Mansor SM, Navaratnam V, Müller CP. Abuse potential and adverse cognitive effects of mitragynine (kratom). Addict Biol 2016; 21:98-110. [PMID: 25262913 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitragynine is the major psychoactive alkaloid of the plant kratom/ketum. Kratom is widely used in Southeast Asia as a recreational drug, and increasingly appears as a pure compound or a component of 'herbal high' preparations in the Western world. While mitragynine/kratom may have analgesic, muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects, its addictive properties and effects on cognitive performance are unknown. We isolated mitragynine from the plant and performed a thorough investigation of its behavioural effects in rats and mice. Here we describe an addictive profile and cognitive impairments of acute and chronic mitragynine administration, which closely resembles that of morphine. Acute mitragynine has complex effects on locomotor activity. Repeated administration induces locomotor sensitization, anxiolysis and conditioned place preference, enhances expression of dopamine transporter- and dopamine receptor-regulating factor mRNA in the mesencephalon. While there was no increase in spontaneous locomotor activity during withdrawal, animals showed hypersensitivity towards small challenging doses for up to 14 days. Severe somatic withdrawal signs developed after 12 hours, and increased level of anxiety became evident after 24 hours of withdrawal. Acute mitragynine independently impaired passive avoidance learning, memory consolidation and retrieval, possibly mediated by a disruption of cortical oscillatory activity, including the suppression of low-frequency rhythms (delta and theta) in the electrocorticogram. Chronic mitragynine administration led to impaired passive avoidance and object recognition learning. Altogether, these findings provide evidence for an addiction potential with cognitive impairments for mitragynine, which suggest its classification as a harmful drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raja K. Vadivelu
- Centre for Drug Research; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Malaysia
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Australia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Malaysia
| | - Anne Rümler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinic; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Andrea Rotter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinic; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Davide Amato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinic; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Hans C. Dringenberg
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies; Queen's University; Canada
| | | | | | - Christian P. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinic; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
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Xiao H, Liu B, Chen Y, Zhang J. Learning, memory and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus in rats exposed to sevoflurane. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 48:38-49. [PMID: 26612208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developmental exposure to volatile anesthetics has been associated with cognitive deficits at adulthood. Rodent studies have revealed impairments in performance in learning tasks involving the hippocampus. However, how the duration of anesthesia exposure impact on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is as yet not fully elucidated. METHODS On postnatal day 7(P7), rat pups were divided into 3 groups: control group (n=30), 3% sevoflurane treatment for 1h (Sev 1h group, n=30) and 3% sevoflurane treatment for 6h (Sev 6h group, n=28). Following anesthesia, synaptic vesicle-associated proteins and dendrite spine density and synapse ultrastructure were measured using western blotting, Golgi staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on P21. In addition, the effects of sevoflurane treatment on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), two molecular correlates of memory, were studied in CA1 subfields of the hippocampus, using electrophysiological recordings of field potentials in hippocampal slices on P35-42. Rats' neurocognitive performance was assessed at 2 months of age, using the Morris water maze and novel-object recognition tasks. RESULTS Our results showed that neonatal exposure to 3% sevoflurane for 6h results in reduced spine density of apical dendrites along with elevated expression of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins (SNAP-25 and syntaxin), and synaptic ultrastructure damage in the hippocampus. The electrophysiological evidence indicated that hippocampal LTP, but not LTD, was inhibited and that learning and memory performance were impaired in two behavioral tasks in the Sev 6h group. In contrast, lesser structural and functional damage in the hippocampus was observed in the Sev 1h group. CONCLUSION Our data showed that 6-h exposure of the developing brain to 3% sevoflurane could result in synaptic plasticity impairment in the hippocampus and spatial and nonspatial hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficits. In contrast, shorter-duration exposure (1h) results in less damage. These results provide further evidences that duration of anesthesia exposure could have differential effects on neuronal plasticity and neurocognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Gadelha A, Vendramini AM, Yonamine CM, Nering M, Berberian A, Suiama MA, Oliveira V, Lima-Landman MT, Breen G, Bressan RA, Abílio V, Hayashi MAF. Convergent evidences from human and animal studies implicate angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity in cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e691. [PMID: 26645626 PMCID: PMC5068582 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia (SCZ), higher angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) levels have been reported in patient's blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Hereby, we propose to explore whether the ACE activity levels are associated to cognitive performance in SCZ. Seventy-two patients with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder diagnosis, and 69 healthy controls (HCs) underwent a cognitive battery with parallel collection of peripheral blood samples to measure ACE activity. Significant higher ACE activity levels were confirmed in the plasma of SCZ patients compared with HCs (Student's t=-5.216; P<0.001). ACE activity significantly correlated to Hopkins delayed recall measures (r=-0.247; P=0.004) and Hopkins total (r=-0.214; P=0.012). Subjects grouped as high ACE activity (above average) had worse performance compared with low ACE activity level group for Hopkins delayed recall measure, even after correction for clinical condition, age, gender and years of education (P=0.029). The adjusted R squared for this final model was 0.343. This result was evident only comparing extreme groups for ACE activity, when splitting the sample in three groups with similar number of subjects. To clarify this finding, we performed an evaluation of the cognitive performance of transgenic mice with three copies of ACE gene in novel object recognition (NOR) test, which showed that such animals presented impairment in NOR (P<0.05) compared with two copies of wild-type animals. The results observed in SCZ patients and animal model suggest both the association of ACE to cognitive deficits in SCZ. This finding may support the evaluation of novel treatment protocols and/or of innovative drugs for specific intervention of cognitive deficits in SCZ envisioning concomitant ACE activity and behavior evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gadelha
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Vendramini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Yonamine
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Nering
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Berberian
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Suiama
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T Lima-Landman
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Breen
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R A Bressan
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Abílio
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A F Hayashi
- Integrated Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences and Schizophrenia Program, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: or
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222
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Olarte-Sánchez CM, Amin E, Warburton EC, Aggleton JP. Perirhinal cortex lesions impair tests of object recognition memory but spare novelty detection. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:3117-27. [PMID: 26474445 PMCID: PMC4737320 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined why perirhinal cortex lesions in rats impair the spontaneous ability to select novel objects in preference to familiar objects, when both classes of object are presented simultaneously. The study began by repeating this standard finding, using a test of delayed object recognition memory. As expected, the perirhinal cortex lesions reduced the difference in exploration times for novel vs. familiar stimuli. In contrast, the same rats with perirhinal cortex lesions appeared to perform normally when the preferential exploration of novel vs. familiar objects was tested sequentially, i.e. when each trial consisted of only novel or only familiar objects. In addition, there was no indication that the perirhinal cortex lesions reduced total levels of object exploration for novel objects, as would be predicted if the lesions caused novel stimuli to appear familiar. Together, the results show that, in the absence of perirhinal cortex tissue, rats still receive signals of object novelty, although they may fail to link that information to the appropriate object. Consequently, these rats are impaired in discriminating the source of object novelty signals, leading to deficits on simultaneous choice tests of recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M Olarte-Sánchez
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
| | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - E Clea Warburton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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223
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Yang M, Lewis FC, Sarvi MS, Foley GM, Crawley JN. 16p11.2 Deletion mice display cognitive deficits in touchscreen learning and novelty recognition tasks. Learn Mem 2015; 22:622-32. [PMID: 26572653 PMCID: PMC4749736 DOI: 10.1101/lm.039602.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletion syndrome frequently presents with intellectual disabilities, speech delays, and autism. Here we investigated the Dolmetsch line of 16p11.2 heterozygous (+/−) mice on a range of cognitive tasks with different neuroanatomical substrates. Robust novel object recognition deficits were replicated in two cohorts of 16p11.2+/− mice, confirming previous findings. A similarly robust deficit in object location memory was discovered in +/−, indicating impaired spatial novelty recognition. Generalizability of novelty recognition deficits in +/− mice extended to preference for social novelty. Robust learning deficits and cognitive inflexibility were detected using Bussey–Saksida touchscreen operant chambers. During acquisition of pairwise visual discrimination, +/− mice required significantly more training trials to reach criterion than wild-type littermates (+/+), and made more errors and correction errors than +/+. In the reversal phase, all +/+ reached criterion, whereas most +/− failed to reach criterion by the 30-d cutoff. Contextual and cued fear conditioning were normal in +/−. These cognitive phenotypes may be relevant to some aspects of cognitive impairments in humans with 16p11.2 deletion, and support the use of 16p11.2+/− mice as a model system for discovering treatments for cognitive impairments in 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Freeman C Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Michael S Sarvi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Gillian M Foley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Crawley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Arteaga O, Revuelta M, Urigüen L, Álvarez A, Montalvo H, Hilario E. Pretreatment with Resveratrol Prevents Neuronal Injury and Cognitive Deficits Induced by Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142424. [PMID: 26544861 PMCID: PMC4636303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in neonatal care, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is still a serious clinical problem, which is responsible for many cases of perinatal mortality, cerebral palsy, motor impairment and cognitive deficits. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with important anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is present in grapevines, peanuts and pomegranates. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of resveratrol when administered before or immediately after a hypoxic-ischemic brain event in neonatal rats by analyzing brain damage, the mitochondrial status and long-term cognitive impairment. Our results indicate that pretreatment with resveratrol protects against brain damage, reducing infarct volume, preserving myelination and minimizing the astroglial reactive response. Moreover its neuroprotective effect was found to be long lasting, as behavioral outcomes were significantly improved at adulthood. We speculate that one of the mechanisms for this neuroprotection may be related to the maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and potential, and to the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Curiously, none of these protective features was observed when resveratrol was administered immediately after hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Arteaga
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Revuelta
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Álvarez
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Haizea Montalvo
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Enrique Hilario
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Heisler JM, O'Connor JC. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism mediates inflammation-induced deficit in recognition memory. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:115-124. [PMID: 26130057 PMCID: PMC4631688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in depression is a prevalent and debilitating symptom that is poorly treated by the currently available pharmacotherapies. Research over the past decade has provided evidence for proinflammatory involvement in the neurobiology of depressive disorders and symptoms associated with these disorders, including aspects of memory dysfunction. Recent clinical studies implicate inflammation-related changes in kynurenine metabolism as a potential pathogenic factor in the development of a range of depressive symptoms, including deficits in cognition and memory. Additionally, preclinical work has demonstrated a number of mood-related depressive-like behaviors to be dependent on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), the inflammation-induced rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. Here, we demonstrate in a mouse model, that peripheral administration of endotoxin induced a deficit in recognition memory. Mice deficient in IDO were protected from cognitive impairment. Furthermore, endotoxin-induced inflammation increased kynurenine metabolism within the perirhinal/entorhinal cortices, brain regions which have been implicated in recognition memory. A single peripheral injection of kynurenine, the metabolic product of IDO1, was sufficient to induce a deficit in recognition memory in both control and IDO null mice. Finally, kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) deficient mice were also protected from inflammation-induced deficits on novel object recognition. These data implicate IDO-dependent neurotoxic kynurenine metabolism as a pathogenic factor for cognitive dysfunction in inflammation-induced depressive disorders and a potential novel target for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Heisler
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Biomedical Neuroscience in the School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Biomedical Neuroscience in the School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
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226
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McAllister KAL, Mar AC, Theobald DE, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ. Comparing the effects of subchronic phencyclidine and medial prefrontal cortex dysfunction on cognitive tests relevant to schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015. [PMID: 26194915 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is becoming increasingly clear that the development of treatments for cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia requires urgent attention, and that valid animal models of relevant impairments are required. With subchronic psychotomimetic agent phencyclidine (scPCP), a putative model of such impairment, the extent to which changes following scPCP do or do not resemble those following dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex is of importance. OBJECTIVES The present study carried out a comparison of the most common scPCP dosing regimen with excitotoxin-induced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction in rats, across several cognitive tests relevant to schizophrenia. METHODS ScPCP subjects were dosed intraperitoneal with 5 mg/kg PCP or vehicle twice daily for 1 week followed by 1 week washout prior to behavioural testing. mPFC dysfunction was induced via fibre-sparing excitotoxin infused into the pre-limbic and infralimbic cortex. Subjects were tested on spontaneous novel object recognition, touchscreen object-location paired-associates learning and touchscreen reversal learning. RESULTS A double-dissociation was observed between object-location paired-associates learning and object recognition: mPFC dysfunction impaired acquisition of the object-location task but not spontaneous novel object recognition, while scPCP impaired spontaneous novel object recognition but not object-location associative learning. Both scPCP and mPFC dysfunction resulted in a similar facilitation of reversal learning. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of impairment following scPCP raises questions around its efficacy as a model of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, particularly if importance is placed on faithfully replicating the effects of mPFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A L McAllister
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,, 20 Manchester Sq., London, W1U 3PZ, UK.
| | - A C Mar
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - D E Theobald
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - L M Saksida
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - T J Bussey
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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227
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Sikora J, Leddy J, Gulinello M, Walkley SU. X-linked Christianson syndrome: heterozygous female Slc9a6 knockout mice develop mosaic neuropathological changes and related behavioral abnormalities. Dis Model Mech 2015; 9:13-23. [PMID: 26515654 PMCID: PMC4728337 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Christianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental and neurological disorder characterized in males by core symptoms that include non-verbal status, intellectual disability, epilepsy, truncal ataxia, postnatal microcephaly and hyperkinesis. CS is caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene, which encodes a multipass transmembrane sodium (potassium)-hydrogen exchanger 6 (NHE6) protein, functional in early recycling endosomes. The extent and variability of the CS phenotype in female heterozygotes, who presumably express the wild-type and mutant SLC9A6 alleles mosaically as a result of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), have not yet been systematically characterized. Slc9a6 knockout mice (Slc9a6 KO) were generated by insertion of the bacterial lacZ/β-galactosidase (β-Gal) reporter into exon 6 of the X-linked gene. Mutant Slc9a6 KO male mice have been shown to develop late endosomal/lysosomal dysfunction associated with glycolipid accumulation in selected neuronal populations and patterned degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs). In heterozygous female Slc9a6 KO mice, β-Gal serves as a transcriptional/XCI reporter and thus facilitates testing of effects of mosaic expression of the mutant allele on penetrance of the abnormal phenotype. Using β-Gal, we demonstrated mosaic expression of the mutant Slc9a6 allele and mosaically distributed lysosomal glycolipid accumulation and PC pathology in the brains of heterozygous Slc9a6 KO female mice. At the behavioral level, we showed that heterozygous female mice suffer from visuospatial memory and motor coordination deficits similar to but less severe than those observed in X-chromosome hemizygous mutant males. Our studies in heterozygous Slc9a6 KO female mice provide important clues for understanding the likely phenotypic range of Christianson syndrome among females heterozygous for SLC9A6 mutations and might improve diagnostic practice and genetic counseling by helping to characterize this presumably underappreciated patient/carrier group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sikora
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague - 1st Faculty of Medicine, Ke Karlovu 2, Praha 2 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Leddy
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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228
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Medial prefrontal cortex role in recognition memory in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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229
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Xu LH, Xie H, Shi ZH, Du LD, Wing YK, Li AM, Ke Y, Yung WH. Critical Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Deficits in Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:695-710. [PMID: 25843188 PMCID: PMC4580307 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mediating chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced neurocognitive deficits. We designed experiments to demonstrate that ER stress is initiated in the hippocampus under chronic IH and determined its role in apoptotic cell death, impaired synaptic structure and plasticity, and memory deficits. RESULTS Two weeks of IH disrupted ER fine structure and upregulated ER stress markers, glucose-regulated protein 78, caspase-12, and C/EBP homologous protein, in the hippocampus, which could be suppressed by ER stress inhibitors, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenylbutyric acid. Meanwhile, ER stress induced apoptosis via decreased Bcl-2, promoted reactive oxygen species production, and increased malondialdehyde formation and protein carbonyl, as well as suppressed mitochondrial function. These effects were largely prevented by ER stress inhibitors. On the other hand, suppression of oxidative stress could reduce ER stress. In addition, the length of the synaptic active zone and number of mature spines were reduced by IH. Long-term recognition memory and spatial memory were also impaired, which was accompanied by reduced long-term potentiation in the Schaffer collateral pathway. These effects were prevented by coadministration of the TUDCA. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These results show that ER stress plays a critical role in underlying memory deficits in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-associated IH. Attenuators of ER stress may serve as novel adjunct therapeutic agents for ameliorating OSA-induced neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hao Xu
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Xie
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Shi
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Da Du
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Kwok Wing
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert M Li
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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230
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Dines M, Lamprecht R. The Role of Ephs and Ephrins in Memory Formation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv106. [PMID: 26371183 PMCID: PMC4851260 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to efficiently store memories in the brain is a fundamental process and its impairment is associated with multiple human mental disorders. Evidence indicates that long-term memory formation involves alterations of synaptic efficacy produced by modifications in neural transmission and morphology. The Eph receptors and their cognate ephrin ligands have been shown to be involved in these key neuronal processes by regulating events such as presynaptic transmitter release, postsynaptic glutamate receptor conductance and trafficking, synaptic glutamate reuptake, and dendritic spine morphogenesis. Recent findings show that Ephs and ephrins are needed for memory formation in different organisms. These proteins participate in the formation of various types of memories that are subserved by different neurons and brain regions. Ephs and ephrins are involved in brain disorders and diseases with memory impairment symptoms, including Alzheimer's disease and anxiety. Drugs that agonize or antagonize Ephs/ephrins signaling have been developed and could serve as therapeutic agents to treat such diseases. Ephs and ephrins may therefore induce cellular alterations mandatory for memory formation and serve as a target for pharmacological intervention for treatment of memory-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphael Lamprecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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231
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Vargas-López V, Torres-Berrio A, González-Martínez L, Múnera A, Lamprea MR. Acute restraint stress and corticosterone transiently disrupts novelty preference in an object recognition task. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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232
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mGlu5-GABAB interplay in animal models of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Neurochem Int 2015; 88:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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233
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Brenes JC, Lackinger M, Höglinger GU, Schratt G, Schwarting RKW, Wöhr M. Differential effects of social and physical environmental enrichment on brain plasticity, cognition, and ultrasonic communication in rats. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:1586-607. [PMID: 26132842 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) exerts beneficial effects on brain plasticity, cognition, and anxiety/depression, leading to a brain that can counteract deficits underlying various brain disorders. Because the complexity of the EE commonly used makes it difficult to identify causal aspects, we examined possible factors using a 2 × 2 design with social EE (two vs. six rats) and physical EE (physically enriched vs. nonenriched). For the first time, we demonstrate that social and physical EE have differential effects on brain plasticity, cognition, and ultrasonic communication. Expectedly, physical EE promoted neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation, but not in the subventricular zone, and, as a novel finding, affected microRNA expression levels, with the activity-dependent miR-124 and miR-132 being upregulated. Concomitant improvements in cognition were observed, yet social deficits were seen in the emission of prosocial 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) paralleled by a lack of social approach in response to them, consistent with the intense world syndrome/theory of autism. In contrast, social EE had only minor effects on brain plasticity and cognition, but led to increased prosocial 50-kHz USV emission rates and enhanced social approach behavior. Importantly, social deficits following physical EE were prevented by additional social EE. The finding that social EE has positive whereas physical EE has negative effects on social behavior indicates that preclinical studies focusing on EE as a potential treatment in models for neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by social deficits, such as autism, should include social EE in addition to physical EE, because its lack might worsen social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Brenes
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Institute for Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, Rodrigo Facio Campus, 2060, San Pedro, Costa Rica.,Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, Rodrigo Facio Campus, 2060, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Martin Lackinger
- Biochemical and Pharmacological Center, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Technical University München & German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) München Department for Translational Neurodegeneration, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Biochemical and Pharmacological Center, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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234
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Riga D, Theijs JT, De Vries TJ, Smit AB, Spijker S. Social defeat-induced anhedonia: effects on operant sucrose-seeking behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:195. [PMID: 26300748 PMCID: PMC4528167 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced capacity to experience pleasure, also known as anhedonia, is a key feature of the depressive state and is associated with poor disease prognosis and treatment outcome. Various behavioral readouts (e.g., reduced sucrose intake) have been employed in animal models of depression as a measure of anhedonia. However, several aspects of anhedonia are poorly represented within the repertoire of current preclinical assessments. We recently adopted the social defeat-induced persistent stress (SDPS) paradigm that models a maintained depressive-like state in the rat, including social withdrawal and deficits in short-term spatial memory. Here we investigated whether SDPS elicited persistent deficits in natural reward evaluation, as part of anhedonia. We examined cue-paired operant sucrose self-administration, enabling us to study acquisition, motivation, extinction, and relapse to sucrose seeking following SDPS. Furthermore, we addressed whether guanfacine, an α2-adrenergic agonist that reduces stress-triggered maladaptive behavioral responses to drugs of abuse, could relief from SDPS-induced anhedonia. SDPS, consisting of five social defeat episodes followed by prolonged (≥8 weeks) social isolation, did not affect sucrose consumption during acquisition of self-administration. However, it strongly enhanced the motivational drive to acquire a sucrose reward in progressive ratio training. Moreover, SDPS induced initial resilience to extinction and rendered animals more sensitive to cue-induced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking. Guanfacine treatment attenuated SDPS-induced motivational overdrive and limited reinstatement of sucrose seeking, normalizing behavior to control levels. Together, our data indicate that long after the termination of stress exposure, SDPS induces guanfacine-reversible deficits in evaluation of a natural reward. Importantly, the SDPS-triggered anhedonia reflects many aspects of the human phenotype, including impaired motivation and goal-directed conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Trisna Theijs
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
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235
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Leffa DD, Valvassori SS, Varela RB, Lopes-Borges J, Daumann F, Longaretti LM, Dajori ALF, Quevedo J, Andrade VM. Effects of palatable cafeteria diet on cognitive and noncognitive behaviors and brain neurotrophins' levels in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1073-82. [PMID: 25998605 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods have increased dramatically over the past years. Overconsumption of calorically dense food contributes to increasing rates of overweight and obesity that are associated with psychiatry disorders, in particular mood and anxiety disorders. This study evaluated the impact of palatable cafeteria diet (CAF) intake on cognitive and noncognitive behaviors, as well as identified factors related to these behaviors through an evaluation of brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF, NGF, and GDNF) levels in hippocampus of mice. Male Swiss mice received two different diets during 13 weeks: standard chow (STA) and highly CAF. Posteriorly, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), plus-maze test (PMT), open-field tests (OFT), and object recognition task (ORT) were utilized as behavioral tests. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) neurotrophins' levels were evaluated in hippocampus of mice. The results demonstrated that mice from the CAF group showed a decrease in the immobility time in the FST and TST. Besides, mice in the CAF group spent more time in the open arms of the PMT. No significant differences were observed in the cognitive behaviors, which were evaluated in the OFT and ORT. In addition, the CAF group showed that BDNF and NGF protein levels increased in the hippocampus of mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that the consumption of palatable high-fat and high-sugar foods induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like behaviors, which can be related with BDNF and NGF expression increases in hippocampus of mice in the CAF group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Leffa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil,
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Reversal of age-associated cognitive deficits is accompanied by increased plasticity-related gene expression after chronic antidepressant administration in middle-aged mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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237
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Walf AA, Koonce CJ, Frye CA. Progestogens' effects and mechanisms for object recognition memory across the lifespan. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:50-61. [PMID: 26235328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the effects of female reproductive hormones, estrogens and progestogens, with a focus on progesterone and allopregnanolone, on object memory. Progesterone and its metabolites, in particular allopregnanolone, exert various effects on both cognitive and non-mnemonic functions in females. The well-known object recognition task is a valuable experimental paradigm that can be used to determine the effects and mechanisms of progestogens for mnemonic effects across the lifespan, which will be discussed herein. In this task there is little test-decay when different objects are used as targets and baseline valance for objects is controlled. This allows repeated testing, within-subjects designs, and longitudinal assessments, which aid understanding of changes in hormonal milieu. Objects are not aversive or food-based, which are hormone-sensitive factors. This review focuses on published data from our laboratory, and others, using the object recognition task in rodents to assess the role and mechanisms of progestogens throughout the lifespan. Improvements in object recognition performance of rodents are often associated with higher hormone levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during natural cycles, with hormone replacement following ovariectomy in young animals, or with aging. The capacity for reversal of age- and reproductive senescence-related decline in cognitive performance, and changes in neural plasticity that may be dissociated from peripheral effects with such decline, are discussed. The focus here will be on the effects of brain-derived factors, such as the neurosteroid, allopregnanolone, and other hormones, for enhancing object recognition across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Walf
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; Cognitive Science Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Carolyn J Koonce
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
| | - Cheryl A Frye
- Dept. of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Dept. of Biological Sciences, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Neuroscience, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; The Center for Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; The University of Alaska-Fairbanks, IDeA Network of Biomedical Excellence (INBRE), Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA.
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238
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Blaser R, Heyser C. Spontaneous object recognition: a promising approach to the comparative study of memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:183. [PMID: 26217207 PMCID: PMC4498097 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recognition of a novel object is a popular measure of exploratory behavior, perception and recognition memory in rodent models. Because of its relative simplicity and speed of testing, the variety of stimuli that can be used, and its ecological validity across species, it is also an attractive task for comparative research. To date, variants of this test have been used with vertebrate and invertebrate species, but the methods have seldom been sufficiently standardized to allow cross-species comparison. Here, we review the methods necessary for the study of novel object recognition in mammalian and non-mammalian models, as well as the results of these experiments. Critical to the use of this test is an understanding of the organism's initial response to a novel object, the modulation of exploration by context, and species differences in object perception and exploratory behaviors. We argue that with appropriate consideration of species differences in perception, object affordances, and natural exploratory behaviors, the spontaneous object recognition test can be a valid and versatile tool for translational research with non-mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blaser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
| | - Charles Heyser
- Behavioral Testing Core, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA
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239
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A critical appraisal of the what-where-when episodic-like memory test in rodents: Achievements, caveats and future directions. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 130:71-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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240
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Alrefaie Z, Alhayani A. Vitamin D3 improves decline in cognitive function and cholinergic transmission in prefrontal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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241
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Schroeder A, Buret L, Hill RA, van den Buuse M. Gene–environment interaction of reelin and stress in cognitive behaviours in mice: Implications for schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:304-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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242
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Varga D, Herédi J, Kánvási Z, Ruszka M, Kis Z, Ono E, Iwamori N, Iwamori T, Takakuwa H, Vécsei L, Toldi J, Gellért L. Systemic L-Kynurenine sulfate administration disrupts object recognition memory, alters open field behavior and decreases c-Fos immunopositivity in C57Bl/6 mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:157. [PMID: 26136670 PMCID: PMC4468612 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Kynurenine (L-KYN) is a central metabolite of tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway (KP). The systemic administration of L-KYN sulfate (L-KYNs) leads to a rapid elevation of the neuroactive KP metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA). An elevated level of KYNA may have multiple effects on the synaptic transmission, resulting in complex behavioral changes, such as hypoactivity or spatial working memory deficits. These results emerged from studies that focused on rats, after low-dose L-KYNs treatment. However, in several studies neuroprotection was achieved through the administration of high-dose L-KYNs. In the present study, our aim was to investigate whether the systemic administration of a high dose of L-KYNs (300 mg/bwkg; i.p.) would produce alterations in behavioral tasks (open field or object recognition) in C57Bl/6j mice. To evaluate the changes in neuronal activity after L-KYNs treatment, in a separate group of animals we estimated c-Fos expression levels in the corresponding subcortical brain areas. The L-KYNs treatment did not affect the general ambulatory activity of C57Bl/6j mice, whereas it altered their moving patterns, elevating the movement velocity and resting time. Additionally, it seemed to increase anxiety-like behavior, as peripheral zone preference of the open field arena emerged and the rearing activity was attenuated. The treatment also completely abolished the formation of object recognition memory and resulted in decreases in the number of c-Fos-immunopositive-cells in the dorsal part of the striatum and in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus. We conclude that a single exposure to L-KYNs leads to behavioral disturbances, which might be related to the altered basal c-Fos protein expression in C57Bl/6j mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Herédi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Kánvási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marian Ruszka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan ; Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan ; Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tokuko Iwamori
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan ; Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takakuwa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama Kita, Kyoto, Japan
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Toldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Gellért
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary ; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
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243
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de Souza Silva MA, Huston JP, Wang AL, Petri D, Chao OYH. Evidence for a Specific Integrative Mechanism for Episodic Memory Mediated by AMPA/kainate Receptors in a Circuit Involving Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal CA3 Region. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3000-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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244
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Kinnavane L, Albasser MM, Aggleton JP. Advances in the behavioural testing and network imaging of rodent recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:67-78. [PMID: 25106740 PMCID: PMC4383364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research into object recognition memory has been galvanised by the introduction of spontaneous preference tests for rodents. The standard task, however, contains a number of inherent shortcomings that reduce its power. Particular issues include the problem that individual trials are time consuming, so limiting the total number of trials in any condition. In addition, the spontaneous nature of the behaviour and the variability between test objects add unwanted noise. To combat these issues, the 'bow-tie maze' was introduced. Although still based on the spontaneous preference of novel over familiar stimuli, the ability to give multiple trials within a session without handling the rodents, as well as using the same objects as both novel and familiar samples on different trials, overcomes key limitations in the standard task. Giving multiple trials within a single session also creates new opportunities for functional imaging of object recognition memory. A series of studies are described that examine the expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos. Object recognition memory is associated with increases in perirhinal cortex and area Te2 c-fos activity. When rats explore novel objects the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to the dentate gyrus and CA3, is engaged. In contrast, when familiar objects are explored the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to CA1, takes precedence. The switch to the perforant pathway (novel stimuli) from the temporoammonic pathway (familiar stimuli) may assist the enhanced associative learning promoted by novel stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kinnavane
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Mathieu M Albasser
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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245
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Warburton EC, Brown MW. Neural circuitry for rat recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:131-9. [PMID: 25315129 PMCID: PMC4383363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Information concerning the roles of different brain regions in recognition memory processes is reviewed. The review concentrates on findings from spontaneous recognition memory tasks performed by rats, including memory for single objects, locations, object-location associations and temporal order. Particular emphasis is given to the potential roles of different regions in the circuit of interacting structures involving the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and medial dorsal thalamus in recognition memory for the association of objects and places. It is concluded that while all structures in this circuit play roles critical to such memory, these roles can potentially be differentiated and differences in the underlying synaptic and biochemical processes involved in each region are beginning to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Warburton
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
| | - M W Brown
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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246
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Hovens IB, van Leeuwen BL, Nyakas C, Heineman E, van der Zee EA, Schoemaker RG. Prior infection exacerbates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R148-59. [PMID: 25972458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00002.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Older patients may experience persisting postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which is considered to largely depend on surgery-induced (neuro)inflammation. We hypothesize that inflammatory events before surgery could predispose patients to POCD. When part of our aged rats developed Mycoplasma pulmonis, this presented the unique opportunity to investigate whether a pulmonary infection before surgery influences surgery-induced neuroinflammation and POCD. Male 18-mo-old Wistar rats that had recovered from an active mycoplasma infection (infection) and control rats (healthy) were subjected to abdominal surgery and jugular vein catheterization under general anesthesia (surgery) or remained naïve (control). In postoperative week 2, behavioral tests were performed to assess cognitive performance and exploratory behavior. The acute systemic inflammatory response was investigated by measuring plasma IL-6 and IL-12. In the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum, microglial activity, neurogenesis, and concentrations of IL-6, IL-12, IL1B, and brain-derived neurotropic factor on postoperative day 14 were determined. Rats still showed signs of increased neuroinflammatory activity, as well as cognitive and behavioral changes, 3 wk after the symptoms of infection had subsided. Rats that had experienced infection before surgery exhibited a more generalized and exacerbated postoperative cognitive impairment compared with healthy surgery rats, as well as a prolonged increase in systemic cytokine levels and increased microglial activation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that an infection before surgery under general anesthesia exacerbates POCD. Future studies are necessary to determine whether the found effects are aging specific and to investigate the magnitude and time course of this effect in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris B Hovens
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Behavioral Physiology Research Unite, Department of Morphology and Physiology, Health Science Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Heineman
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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247
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The role of nitric oxide in the object recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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248
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Assessment of disease-related cognitive impairments using the novel object recognition (NOR) task in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:176-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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249
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Ramsaran AI, Westbrook SR, Stanton ME. Ontogeny of object-in-context recognition in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:37-47. [PMID: 25892362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The object-in-context recognition (OiC) task [19] is a spontaneous exploration task that serves as an index of incidental contextual learning and memory. During the test phase, rats prefer to explore the object mismatched to the testing context based on previous object-context pairings experienced during training. The mechanisms of OiC memory have been explored in adult rats [12,35]; however, little is known about its determinants during development. Thus, the present study examined the ontogeny of the OiC task in preweanling through adolescent rats. We demonstrate that postnatal day (PD) 17, 21, 26, and 31 rats can perform the OiC task (Experiment 1) and that preference for the novel target is eliminated when rats are tested in an alternate context not encountered during training (Experiment 2). Lastly, we show that PD26 but not PD17 rats can perform the OiC task when the training contexts only differed by distal spatial cues (Experiment 3). These data demonstrate for the first time that PD17 rats can acquire and retain short-term OiC memory, which involves associative learning of object and context information. However, we also provide evidence that preweanling rats' ability to utilize certain aspects of a context (i.e., distal spatial cues) in the OiC task is not equivalent to that of their older counterparts. Implications for the development of contextual memory and its related neural substrates are discussed.
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250
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An animal tracking system for behavior analysis using radio frequency identification. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 43:321-7. [PMID: 25141063 DOI: 10.1038/laban.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the behavior of mice and rats has substantially contributed to the progress of research in many scientific fields. Researchers commonly observe recorded video of animal behavior and manually record their observations for later analysis, but this approach has several limitations. The authors developed an automated system for tracking and analyzing the behavior of rodents that is based on radio frequency identification (RFID) in an ultra-high-frequency bandwidth. They provide an overview of the system's hardware and software components as well as describe their technique for surgically implanting passive RFID tags in mice. Finally, the authors present the findings of two validation studies to compare the accuracy of the RFID system versus commonly used approaches for evaluating the locomotor activity and object exploration of mice.
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