201
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Manoogian ENC, Panda S. Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:59-67. [PMID: 28017879 PMCID: PMC5814245 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms optimize physiology and health by temporally coordinating cellular function, tissue function, and behavior. These endogenous rhythms dampen with age and thus compromise temporal coordination. Feeding-fasting patterns are an external cue that profoundly influence the robustness of daily biological rhythms. Erratic eating patterns can disrupt the temporal coordination of metabolism and physiology leading to chronic diseases that are also characteristic of aging. However, sustaining a robust feeding-fasting cycle, even without altering nutrition quality or quantity, can prevent or reverse these chronic diseases in experimental models. In humans, epidemiological studies have shown erratic eating patterns increase the risk of disease, whereas sustained feeding-fasting cycles, or prolonged overnight fasting, is correlated with protection from breast cancer. Therefore, optimizing the timing of external cues with defined eating patterns can sustain a robust circadian clock, which may prevent disease and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N C Manoogian
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; University of California Center for Circadian Biology, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
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202
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Kokune-Takahashi A, Ayaki M, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Effects of Cataract Opacity and Surgery on Sleep Quality. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:53-60. [PMID: 28728538 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the type of cataract opacity associated with subjective sleep quality for cataract patients. A total of 180 consecutive patients (average age 74.2 years) underwent cataract surgery with implantation of an ultraviolet-blocking or blue light-blocking intraocular lens. The participants' subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and at 2 months after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis: normal sleepers (preoperative PSQI ≤5) and poor sleepers (preoperative PSQI ≥6). The preoperative and postoperative PSQI scores were 2.8 ± 1.5 and 3.2 ± 2.0, respectively, for normal sleepers (n = 99), and 8.5 ± 2.9 and 7.4 ± 3.3, respectively, for poor sleepers (n = 81). The improvement in PSQI was significant in poor sleepers (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon's test) with measured values of 0.22 ± 0.96 hours extension in sleep duration and 0.16 ± 0.62 hours shortening in sleep latency. Patients with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) and nuclear opacity showed the greatest improvement in PSQI score, with regression analysis identifying PSC as having a significant effect on improvement in PSQI. Significant correlations were found between the subjective sleep and cataract opacity in cataract patients. Ophthalmic personnel should therefore be aware that cataract patients with PSC have a greater potential for disability and predictable benefits from surgery in vision and subjective sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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203
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Sharma A, Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Varghese RT, Cobelli C, Rizza RA, Matveyenko A, Vella A. Glucose metabolism during rotational shift-work in healthcare workers. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1483-1490. [PMID: 28551698 PMCID: PMC5860643 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Shift-work is associated with circadian rhythm disruption and an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We sought to determine the effect of rotational shift-work on glucose metabolism in humans. METHODS We studied 12 otherwise healthy nurses performing rotational shift-work using a randomised crossover study design. On each occasion, participants underwent an isotope-labelled mixed meal test during a simulated day shift and a simulated night shift, enabling simultaneous measurement of glucose flux and beta cell function using the oral minimal model. We sought to determine differences in fasting and postprandial glucose metabolism during the day shift vs the night shift. RESULTS Postprandial glycaemic excursion was higher during the night shift (381±33 vs 580±48 mmol/l per 5 h, p<0.01). The time to peak insulin and C-peptide and nadir glucagon suppression in response to meal ingestion was also delayed during the night shift. While insulin action did not differ between study days, the beta cell responsivity to glucose (59±5 vs 44±4 × 10-9 min-1; p<0.001) and disposition index were decreased during the night shift. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Impaired beta cell function during the night shift may result from normal circadian variation, the effect of rotational shift-work or a combination of both. As a consequence, higher postprandial glucose concentrations are observed during the night shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sharma
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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204
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Li P, Morris CJ, Patxot M, Yugay T, Mistretta J, Purvis TE, Scheer FAJL, Hu K. Reduced Tolerance to Night Shift in Chronic Shift Workers: Insight From Fractal Regulation. Sleep 2017; 40:3836914. [PMID: 28838129 PMCID: PMC6317507 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Healthy physiology is characterized by fractal regulation (FR) that generates similar structures in the fluctuations of physiological outputs at different time scales. Perturbed FR is associated with aging and age-related pathological conditions. Shift work, involving repeated and chronic exposure to misaligned environmental and behavioral cycles, disrupts circadian coordination. We tested whether night shifts perturb FR in motor activity and whether night shifts affect FR in chronic shift workers and non-shift workers differently. Methods We studied 13 chronic shift workers and 14 non-shift workers as controls using both field and in-laboratory experiments. In the in-laboratory study, simulated night shifts were used to induce a misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and the sleep-wake cycles (ie, circadian misalignment) while environmental conditions and food intake were controlled. Results In the field study, we found that FR was robust in controls but broke down in shift workers during night shifts, leading to more random activity fluctuations as observed in patients with dementia. The night shift effect was present even 2 days after ending night shifts. The in-laboratory study confirmed that night shifts perturbed FR in chronic shift workers and showed that FR in controls was more resilience to the circadian misalignment. Moreover, FR during real and simulated night shifts was more perturbed in those who started shift work at older ages. Conclusions Chronic shift work causes night shift intolerance, which is probably linked to the degraded plasticity of the circadian control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Patxot
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tatiana Yugay
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Mistretta
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Taylor E Purvis
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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205
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Koopman ADM, Rauh SP, van 't Riet E, Groeneveld L, van der Heijden AA, Elders PJ, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Beulens JW, Rutters F. The Association between Social Jetlag, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population: The New Hoorn Study. J Biol Rhythms 2017. [PMID: 28631524 PMCID: PMC5564947 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417713572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Only a few studies have investigated the metabolic consequences of social jetlag. Therefore, we examined the association of social jetlag with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort. We used cross-sectional data from the New Hoorn Study cohort (n = 1585, 47% men, age 60.8 ± 6 years). Social jetlag was calculated as the difference in midpoint sleep (in hours) between weekdays and weekend days. Poisson and linear regression models were used to study the associations, and age was regarded as a possible effect modifier. We adjusted for sex, employment status, education, smoking, physical activity, sleep duration, and body mass index. In the total population, we only observed an association between social jetlag and the metabolic syndrome, with prevalence ratios adjusted for sex, employment status, and educational levels of 1.64 (95% CI 1.1-2.4), for participants with >2 h social jetlag, compared with participants with <1 h social jetlag. However, we observed an interaction effect of median age (<61 years). In older participants (≥61 years), no significant associations were observed between social jetlag status, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes or prediabetes. In the younger group (<61 years), the adjusted prevalence ratios were 1.29 (95% CI 0.9-1.9) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.3-3.4) for the metabolic syndrome and 1.39 (95% CI 1.1-1.9) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.2-2.5) for diabetes/prediabetes, for participants with 1-2 h and >2 h social jetlag, compared with participants with <1 h social jetlag. In conclusion, in our population-based cohort, social jetlag was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes/prediabetes, especially in younger (<61 years) participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra D M Koopman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Simone P Rauh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Esther van 't Riet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Lenka Groeneveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Amber A van der Heijden
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Petra J Elders
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Giel Nijpels
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Joline W Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
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206
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Abstract
Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
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207
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Carter EL, Ramirez Y, Ragsdale SW. The heme-regulatory motif of nuclear receptor Rev-erbβ is a key mediator of heme and redox signaling in circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11280-11299. [PMID: 28500133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rev-erbβ is a heme-responsive transcription factor that regulates genes involved in circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism, effectively bridging these critical cellular processes. Heme binding to Rev-erbβ indirectly facilitates its interaction with the nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR1), resulting in repression of Rev-erbβ target genes. Fe3+-heme binds in a 6-coordinate complex with axial His and Cys ligands, the latter provided by a heme-regulatory motif (HRM). Rev-erbβ was thought to be a heme sensor based on a weak Kd value for the Rev-erbβ·heme complex of 2 μm determined with isothermal titration calorimetry. However, our group demonstrated with UV-visible difference titrations that the Kd value is in the low nanomolar range, and the Fe3+-heme off-rate is on the order of 10-6 s-1 making Rev-erbβ ineffective as a sensor of Fe3+-heme. In this study, we dissected the kinetics of heme binding to Rev-erbβ and provided a Kd for Fe3+-heme of ∼0.1 nm Loss of the HRM axial thiolate via redox processes, including oxidation to a disulfide with a neighboring cysteine or dissociation upon reduction of Fe3+- to Fe2+-heme, decreased binding affinity by >20-fold. Furthermore, as measured in a co-immunoprecipitation assay, substitution of the His or Cys heme ligands in Rev-erbβ was accompanied by a significant loss of NCoR1 binding. These results demonstrate the importance of the Rev-erbβ HRM in regulating interactions with heme and NCoR1 and advance our understanding of how signaling through HRMs affects the major cellular processes of circadian rhythm maintenance and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Carter
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yanil Ramirez
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Stephen W Ragsdale
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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208
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Papazyan R, Zhang Y, Lazar MA. Genetic and epigenomic mechanisms of mammalian circadian transcription. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 23:1045-1052. [PMID: 27922611 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian molecular clock comprises a complex network of transcriptional programs that integrates environmental signals with physiological pathways in a tissue-specific manner. Emerging technologies are extending knowledge of basic clock features by uncovering their underlying molecular mechanisms, thus setting the stage for a 'systems' view of the molecular clock. Here we discuss how recent data from genome-wide genetic and epigenetic studies have informed the understanding of clock function. In addition to its importance in human physiology and disease, the clock mechanism provides an ideal model to assess general principles of dynamic transcription regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Papazyan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Department of Genetics; and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Department of Genetics; and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; Department of Genetics; and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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209
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Lopez-Minguez J, Saxena R, Bandín C, Scheer FA, Garaulet M. Late dinner impairs glucose tolerance in MTNR1B risk allele carriers: A randomized, cross-over study. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1133-1140. [PMID: 28455106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Late-night dinner eating is associated with increased risk for type-2 diabetes. The underlying mechanism is unclear. One explanatory hypothesis is that the concurrence of elevated circulating melatonin and high glucose concentrations (characterizing late eating) leads to impaired glucose tolerance. However, to date no study has tested the influence of physiological melatonin concentrations on glucose-tolerance. The discovery of melatonin receptor MTNR1B as a diabetes risk gene provides evidence for a role of physiological levels of melatonin in glucose control. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that elevated endogenous melatonin concentrations worsen glucose control when eating late. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03003936. METHODS We performed a randomized, cross-over trial to compare glucose tolerance in the presence (late dinner) or absence (early dinner) of elevated physiological melatonin concentrations and we compared the results between homozygous carriers and non-carriers of the MTNR1B risk allele. RESULTS The concurrence of meal timing with elevated endogenous melatonin concentrations resulted in impaired glucose tolerance. This effect was stronger in MTNR1B risk-carriers than in non-carriers. Furthermore, eating late significantly impaired glucose tolerance only in risk-carriers and not in the non-risk carriers. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of dinner timing with MTNR1B supports a causal role of endogenous melatonin in the impairment of glucose tolerance. These results suggest that moving the dinner to an earlier time may result in better glucose tolerance specially in MTNR1B carriers. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03003936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Lopez-Minguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Bandín
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia Spain; IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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210
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Soare A, Khazrai YM, Fontana L, Del Toro R, Lazzaro MC, Di Rosa C, Buldo A, Fioriti E, Maddaloni E, Angeletti S, Di Mauro A, Gesuita R, Skrami E, Tuccinardi D, Fallucca S, Pianesi M, Pozzilli P. Treatment of reactive hypoglycemia with the macrobiotic Ma-pi 2 diet as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: The MAHYP randomized crossover trial. Metabolism 2017; 69:148-156. [PMID: 28285645 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nutritional therapy is recommended for management of reactive hypoglycemia (RH), a condition characterized by hypoglycemia that occurs within four hours after a meal. The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We explored the effect of this diet on outcomes in non-diabetic individuals with RH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve subjects with RH were randomized to the Ma-Pi 2 diet for three days and a control diet for three days in a randomized crossover design. Subjects received snacks on two days out of each three-day period only, and were monitored using continuous glucose monitoring. The 24-h period was divided into daytime (08:00-22:30h [subdivided into 'daytime without snacks' and 'daytime with snacks']) and night-time (22:31-07:59h). The effects of the two diets on the number of RH events (blood glucose <70mg/dL [3.9mmol/L]) and the percentage distribution of glucose readings within each of 16 glycemic intervals from <40mg/dL (2.2mmol/L) to >180mg/dL (4.4mmol/L) were determined. RESULTS There were significantly fewer RH events on the Ma-Pi 2 diet than the control diet during daytime without snacks (-2.5 events; 95% CI: -7.5, 0.0; P=0.022) and daytime with snacks (-4.25 events; 95% CI: -7.5; -2.0; P=0.013) but no difference at night. The percentage of glucose readings in the interval 71-80mg/dL (3.9-4.4mmol/L) was significantly higher on the control diet during daytime with and without snacks (P=0.03 for both), while the percentage of glucose readings in the interval 91-100mg/dL (5.1-5.6mmol/L) was significantly higher on the Ma-Pi 2 diet during daytime without snacks (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet reduced blood glucose excursions during the day, thereby facilitating glycemic control in subjects with RH. The Ma-Pi 2 diet represents an effective nutritional tool for management of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Soare
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Unit of Dietology and Diabetology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Del Toro
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Lazzaro
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Buldo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Fioriti
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Mauro
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gesuita
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edlira Skrami
- Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fallucca
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Pianesi
- International Study Center for Environment, Agriculture, Food, Health and Economics, Tolentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Centre for Immunobiology, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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211
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Kessler K, Hornemann S, Petzke KJ, Kemper M, Kramer A, Pfeiffer AFH, Pivovarova O, Rudovich N. The effect of diurnal distribution of carbohydrates and fat on glycaemic control in humans: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44170. [PMID: 28272464 PMCID: PMC5341154 DOI: 10.1038/srep44170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal carbohydrate and fat distribution modulates glycaemic control in rodents. In humans, the optimal timing of both macronutrients and its effects on glycaemic control after prolonged consumption are not studied in detail. In this cross-over trial, 29 non-obese men were randomized to two four-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 13.30 and fat-rich meals between 16.30 and 22.00 (HC/HF) versus (2) inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC). After each trial period two meal tolerance tests were performed, at 09.00 and 15.40, respectively, according to the previous intervention. On the HF/HC diet, whole-day glucose level was increased by 7.9% (p = 0.026) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT, n = 11), and GLP-1 by 10.2% (p = 0.041) in normal glucose-tolerant subjects (NGT, n = 18). Diet effects on fasting GLP-1 (p = 0.009) and PYY (p = 0.034) levels were observed in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT. Afternoon decline of glucose tolerance was more pronounced in IFG/IGT and associated with a stronger decrease of postprandial GLP-1 and PYY levels, but not with changes of cortisol rhythm. In conclusion, the HF/HC diet shows an unfavourable effect on glycaemic control in IFG/IGT, but not in NGT subjects. Consequently, large, carbohydrate-rich dinners should be avoided, primarily by subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kessler
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Research Group Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University of Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, 8180 Bülach, Switzerland
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212
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Lindqvist PG, Landin-Olsson M. The relationship between sun exposure and all-cause mortality. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:354-361. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Women with low sun exposure are at a dose-dependently increased risk of all-cause mortality, mainly due to an increased risk of death from cardiovascular or noncancer/noncardiovascular disease compared higher exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelle G. Lindqvist
- Clintec Karolinska Institutet
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology K57
- Karolinska University Hospital
- Huddinge
- Sweden
| | - Mona Landin-Olsson
- Clinical Sciences
- Department of endocrinology
- Lund University Hospital
- Lund
- Sweden
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213
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Trammell RA, Toth LA. Effects of Chronic Diurnal Disruption and Acute Inflammatory Challenge on Mice with Latent Murine Gammaherpesvirus Infection. Comp Med 2016; 66:445-454. [PMID: 28304247 PMCID: PMC5157959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
People who engage in shift work (SW) have increased risk of developing illnesses, including infectious diseases and various inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to repeated cycles of diurnal disruption, mimicking SW, influences viral clearance, latent viral load, or viral reactivation from latency in mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus (MuGHV). To test this idea, we inoculated BALB/cByJ and C.129S7(B6)-Ifng tm1Ts/J (IFNgKO) mice with MuGHV and housed them under either a stable light:dark (LD) cycle or one mimicking SW. Compared with BALB/cByJ mice, IFNgKO mice generally had higher levels of lytic virus during the 6-wk period after inoculation. In addition, more IFNgKO mice were positive for replicating virus than were BALB/cByJ mice. Exposure to SW did not alter these measures consistently. After the virus had entered the latent phase of infection, mice received either LPS or pyrogen-free saline intraperitoneally. Mice exposed to SW and then injected with LPS during latent infection had greater viral loads and more replicating virus in the lung at 7 d after injection than did either mice that received pyrogen-free saline or those exposed to LD and then treated with LPS. Some cytokine and chemokine concentrations were changed in lung collected 1 d after but not at 7 d after LPS administration. These findings suggest that exposure to repeated chronic diurnal disruption and an acute inflammatory challenge during latent MuGHV infection, in the context of impaired host immune competence, contribute to enhanced viral reactivity and an increased viral load that might trigger 'sickness behavior' symptoms of infectious disease and perhaps contribute to chronic fatigue syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Trammell
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Linda A Toth
- Departments of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois;,
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214
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Wende AR, Young ME, Chatham J, Zhang J, Rajasekaran NS, Darley-Usmar VM. Redox biology and the interface between bioenergetics, autophagy and circadian control of metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:94-107. [PMID: 27242268 PMCID: PMC5124549 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie the recent emergence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and heart failure has revealed the need for a multi-disciplinary research integrating the key metabolic pathways which change the susceptibility to environmental or pathologic stress. At the physiological level these include the circadian control of metabolism which aligns metabolism with temporal demand. The mitochondria play an important role in integrating the redox signals and metabolic flux in response to the changing activities associated with chronobiology, exercise and diet. At the molecular level this involves dynamic post-translational modifications regulating transcription, metabolism and autophagy. In this review we will discuss different examples of mechanisms which link these processes together. An important pathway capable of linking signaling to metabolism is the post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). This is a nutrient regulated protein modification that plays an important role in impaired cellular stress responses. Circadian clocks have also emerged as critical regulators of numerous cardiometabolic processes, including glucose/lipid homeostasis, hormone secretion, redox status and cardiovascular function. Central to these pathways are the response of autophagy, bioenergetics to oxidative stress, regulated by Keap1/Nrf2 and mechanisms of metabolic control. The extension of these ideas to the emerging concept of bioenergetic health will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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215
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Johnson MO, Siska PJ, Contreras DC, Rathmell JC. Nutrients and the microenvironment to feed a T cell army. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:505-513. [PMID: 27712958 PMCID: PMC5154770 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells have dramatic functional and proliferative shifts in the course of maintaining immune protection from pathogens and cancer. To support these changes, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming upon stimulation and again after antigen clearance. Depending on the extrinsic cell signals, T cells can differentiate into functionally distinct subsets that utilize and require diverse metabolic programs. Effector T cells (Teff) enhance glucose and glutamine uptake, whereas regulatory T cells (Treg) do not rely on significant rates of glycolysis. The dependence of these subsets on specific metabolic programs makes T cells reliant on these signaling pathways and nutrients. Metabolic pathways, such as those regulated by mTOR and Myc, augment T cell glycolysis and glutaminolysis programs to promote T cell activity. These pathways respond to signals and control metabolism through both transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role by stabilizing the transcription factors that define subset specific reprogramming. In addition, circadian rhythm cycling may also influence energy use, immune surveillance, and function of T cells. In this review, we focus on the metabolic and nutrient requirements of T cells, and how canonical pathways of growth and metabolism regulate nutrients that are essential for T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Diana C Contreras
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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216
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Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T, Sakurai T. Sleep Control, GPCRs, and Glucose Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:633-642. [PMID: 27461005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyles prolong daily activities into the nighttime, disrupting circadian rhythms, which may cause sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the dysregulation of blood glucose levels and reported to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications. Sleep disorders are treated using anti-insomnia drugs that target ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, melatonin agonists, and orexin receptor antagonists. A deeper understanding of the effects of these medications on glucose metabolism and their underlying mechanisms of action is crucial for the treatment of diabetic patients with sleep disorders. In this review we focus on the beneficial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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217
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Anderson G, Vaillancourt C, Maes M, Reiter RJ. Breast Feeding and Melatonin: Implications for Improving Perinatal Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2644-0105.jbfb-16-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biological underpinnings that drive the plethora of breastfeeding benefits over formula-feeding is an area of intense research, given the cognitive and emotional benefits as well as the offsetting of many childhood- and adult-onset medical conditions that breast-feeding provides. In this article, we review the research on the role of melatonin in driving some of these breastfeeding benefits. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive as well as optimizing mitochondrial function. Melatonin is produced by the placenta and, upon parturition, maternal melatonin is passed to the infant upon breastfeeding with higher levels in night-time breast milk. As such, some of the benefits of breastfeeding may be mediated by the higher levels of maternal circulating night-time melatonin, allowing for circadian and antioxidant effects, as well as promoting the immune and mitochondrial regulatory aspects of melatonin; these actions may positively modulate infant development. Herein, it is proposed that some of the benefits of breastfeeding may be mediated by melatonin's regulation of the infant's gut microbiota and immune responses. As such, melatonin is likely to contribute to the early developmental processes that affect the susceptibility to a range of adult onset conditions. Early research on animal models has shown promising results for the regulatory role of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Armand-Frappier Institute and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (CINBIOSE), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, Department of Psychiatry, Geelong , Australia
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218
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Jindal RD. Sleep and Weight among Our Veterans. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:943-5. [PMID: 27306395 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ripu D Jindal
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham AL; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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