201
|
Peric B, Sierra J, Martí E, Cruañas R, Garau MA. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) prediction of (eco)toxicity of short aliphatic protic ionic liquids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:257-262. [PMID: 25728357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as a group of very promising compounds due to their excellent properties (practical non-volatility, high thermal stability and very good and diverse solving capacity). The ILs have a good prospect of replacing traditional organic solvents in vast variety of applications. However, the complete information on their environmental impact is still not available. There is also an enormous number of possible combinations of anions and cations which can form ILs, the fact that requires a method allowing the prediction of toxicity of existing and potential ILs. In this study, a group contribution QSAR model has been used in order to predict the (eco)toxicity of protic and aprotic ILs for five tests (Microtox®, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor growth inhibition test, and Acetylcholinestherase inhibition and Cell viability assay with IPC-81 cells). The predicted and experimental toxicity are well correlated. A prediction of EC50 for these (eco)toxicity tests has also been made for eight representatives of the new family of short aliphatic protic ILs, whose toxicity has not been determined experimentally to date. The QSAR model applied in this study can allow the selection of potentially less toxic ILs amongst the existing ones (e.g. in the case of aprotic ILs), but it can also be very helpful in directing the synthesis efforts toward developing new "greener" ILs respectful with the environment (e.g. short aliphatic protic ILs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brezana Peric
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martí
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Cruañas
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Garau
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Wang C, Wei Z, Wang L, Sun P, Wang Z. Assessment of bromide-based ionic liquid toxicity toward aquatic organisms and QSAR analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:112-118. [PMID: 25682588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicities of 24 bromide-based ionic liquids (Br-ILs) towards Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) and Daphnia magna (D. magna) were determined. These Br-ILs are composed of a bromide ion and a generic cation (i.e., pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, pyridinium or imidazolium) with different alkyl side chains. QSAR models with relatively high correlation coefficients, R(2), of 0.954 and 0.895 were developed for V. fischeri and D. magna. The model for V. fischeri indicated that the Br-IL toxicity towards V. fischeri was negatively correlated with the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (ELUMO) which reflects the electron affinities (EAs) and positively correlated with the volumes of Br-IL cations. For the D. magna model, the Br-IL toxicity was positively correlated with the dipole moment (μ) and negatively correlated with the total energy (TE) that is highly correlated with the molecular volume (V). For Br-ILs with the same cation ring, the toxicity increased as the length of the alkyl chains increased. For the same alkyl chain length, the toxicity order for V. fischeri was pyridinium>imidazolium>piperidinium>pyrrolidinium, except for those containing octyl side chains, while the toxicity ranking for D. magna was imidazolium~pyridinium>piperidinium>pyrrolidinium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Cunha E, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Evaluation of ionic liquids as alternative solvents for aldolase activity: Use of a new automated SIA methodology. Talanta 2015; 141:293-9. [PMID: 25966417 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An automated methodology is proposed for the evaluation of a set of ionic liquids (ILs) as alternative reaction media for aldolase based synthetic processes. For that, the effect of traditionally used organic solvents and ILs on the activity of aldolase was studied by means of a novel automated methodology. The implemented methodology is based on the concept of sequential injection analysis (SIA) and relies on the aldolase based cleavage of d-fructose-1,6 diphosphate (DFDP), to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). In the presence of FeCl3, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazine (MBTH) forms a blue cation that can be measured at 670nm, by combination with G3P. The influence of several parameters such as substrate and enzyme concentration, temperature, delay time and MBTH and FeCl3 concentration were studied and the optimum reaction conditions were subsequently selected. The developed methodology showed good precision and a relative standard deviation (rsd) that does not exceed 7% also leading to low reagents consumption as well as effluent production. Resorting to this strategy, the activity of the enzyme was studied in strictly aqueous media and in the presence of dimethylformamide, methanol, bmpyr [Cl], hmim [Cl], bmim [BF4], emim [BF4], emim [Ac], bmim [Cl], emim [TfMs], emim [Ms] and Chol [Ac] up to 50%. The results show that the utilization of ILs as reaction media for aldolase based organic synthesis might present potential advantages over the tested conventional organic solvents. The least toxic IL found in this study was cho [Ac] that causes a reduction of enzyme activity of only 2.7% when used in a concentration of 50%. Generally, it can be concluded that ILs based on choline or short alkyl imidazolium moieties associated with biocompatible anions are the most promising ILs regarding the future inclusion of these solvents in synthetic protocols catalyzed by aldolase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edite Cunha
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Zhang HC, Shi CY, Sun LQ, Wang F, Chen GW. Toxic effects of ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the antioxidant defense system of freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1675-83. [PMID: 25812565 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715573692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined when freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was exposed to different concentrations of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) for one, three, and five days. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity began to increase in all treated groups after three days of exposure, while catalase (CAT) activity was inhibited after the first day, but increased notably on the fifth day except for the lowest concentration group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was induced from the first day of exposure and increased significantly after five days in all treated groups. During the experiment, the levels of intracellular GSH in all treated groups were higher than that of the control group. Changes in MDA suggest that [C8mim]Br is toxic to D japonica and may result in lipid peroxidation in planarian. Our results also indicate that GPX as well as GSH seem to be more sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress compared with SOD and CAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li-Qun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Atanassova M, Mazan V, Billard I. Modulating the Solubilities of Ionic Liquid Components in Aqueous-Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems: A Q-NMR Investigation. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1703-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
206
|
Xing C, Guan J, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Li Y, Li J. Novel multifunctional nanofibers based on thermoplastic polyurethane and ionic liquid: towards antibacterial, anti-electrostatic and hydrophilic nonwovens by electrospinning. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:105704. [PMID: 25686531 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/10/105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel antibacterial, anti-electrostatic, and hydrophilic nanofibers based on a blend containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a room-temperature ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], were fabricated by electrospinning. We investigated the effect of the IL on the morphology and the physical properties of the TPU nanofibers. Nanofibers with a 'bead-on-string' morphology were obtained by electrospinning from a neat TPU solution. The incorporation of the IL, at levels as low as 1 wt%, largely suppressed the formation of beads during electrospinning, and homogeneous nanofibers were obtained. The as-spun TPU/IL composite nanofibers showed significant activity against both Escherichia coli (E coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with antibacterial activities of more than four and three, respectively. This means that the antibacterial efficiencies of TPU/IL composite nanofibers toward E coli and S. aureus are 99.99% and 99.9%, respectively. Moreover, nonwoven fabrics derived from the electrospun TPU/IL composite nanofibers exhibit better stretchability, elasticity, and higher electrical conductivity compared to those made using neat TPU without an IL. Additionally, the incorporation of the IL leads to a hydrophilic surface for the TPU/IL composite nanofibers compared to hydrophobic neat TPU nanofibers. These multifunctional nanofibers with excellent antibacterial, anti-electrostatic, and mechanical properties and improved hydrophilicity are promising candidates for biomedical and wastewater treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xing
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 16 Xuelin Rd., Hangzhou, 310036, People's Republic of China. TMSR Research Center and CAS Key Lab of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
207
|
Bahader A, Gui H, Li Y, Xu P, Ding Y. Crystallization kinetics of PVDF filled with multi wall carbon nanotubes modified by amphiphilic ionic liquid. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
208
|
Costa SPF, Pinto PCAG, Lapa RAS, Saraiva MLMFS. Toxicity assessment of ionic liquids with Vibrio fischeri: an alternative fully automated methodology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 284:136-142. [PMID: 25463227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated Vibrio fischeri methodology based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) has been developed. The methodology was based on the aspiration of 75 μL of bacteria and 50 μL of inhibitor followed by measurement of the luminescence of bacteria. The assays were conducted for contact times of 5, 15, and 30 min, by means of three mixing chambers that ensured adequate mixing conditions. The optimized methodology provided a precise control of the reaction conditions which is an asset for the analysis of a large number of samples. The developed methodology was applied to the evaluation of the impact of a set of ionic liquids (ILs) on V. fischeri and the results were compared with those provided by a conventional assay kit (Biotox(®)). The collected data evidenced the influence of different cation head groups and anion moieties on the toxicity of ILs. Generally, aromatic cations and fluorine-containing anions displayed higher impact on V. fischeri, evidenced by lower EC50. The proposed methodology was validated through statistical analysis which demonstrated a strong positive correlation (P>0.98) between assays. It is expected that the automated methodology can be tested for more classes of compounds and used as alternative to microplate based V. fischeri assay kits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana P F Costa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui A S Lapa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Mikkola SK, Robciuc A, Lokajová J, Holding AJ, Lämmerhofer M, Kilpeläinen I, Holopainen JM, King AWT, Wiedmer SK. Impact of amphiphilic biomass-dissolving ionic liquids on biological cells and liposomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1870-1878. [PMID: 25581350 DOI: 10.1021/es505725g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of some promising biomass-dissolving amidinium-, imidazolium-, and phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs), toward two different cell lines, human corneal epithelial cells and Escherichia coli bacterial cells, was investigated. In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ potential measurements were used to study the effect of the ILs on the size and surface charge of some model liposomes. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for determination of the electrophoretic mobilities of the liposomes and for determination of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the ILs. The toxicity of the phosphonium ILs was highly dependent on the longest linear chain of the IL, due to increasing hydrophobicity, with the long-chain phosphonium ILs being toxic while the shorter-chain versions were significantly less toxic or not toxic at all. Amidinium and imidazolium ILs showed no significant effect on the cells, within the concentration range used. Moreover, the more hydrophobic ILs were found to have a major effect on the surface charges and size distributions of the model liposomes, which can lead to disruption of the lipid bilayer. This indicates that the cytotoxicity is at least to some extent dependent on direct interactions between ILs and the biomembrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi-Katriina Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, Post Office Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
210
|
Munoz M, Domínguez CM, de Pedro ZM, Quintanilla A, Casas JA, Rodriguez JJ. Ionic liquids breakdown by Fenton oxidation. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
211
|
Bubalo MC, Radošević K, Srček VG, Das RN, Popelier P, Roy K. Cytotoxicity towards CCO cells of imidazolium ionic liquids with functionalized side chains: preliminary QSTR modeling using regression and classification based approaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:22-28. [PMID: 25463849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Within this work we evaluated the cytotoxicity towards the Channel Catfish Ovary (CCO) cell line of some imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing different functionalized and unsaturated side chains. The toxic effects were measured by the reduction of the WST-1 dye after 72 h exposure resulting in dose- and structure-dependent toxicities. The obtained data on cytotoxic effects of 14 different imidazolium ionic liquids in CCO cells, expressed as EC50 values, were used in a preliminary quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) study employing regression- and classification-based approaches. The toxicity of ILs towards CCO was chiefly related to the shape and hydrophobicity parameters of cations. A significant influence of the quantum topological molecular similarity descriptor ellipticity (ε) of the imine bond was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Višnja Gaurina Srček
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudra Narayan Das
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Paul Popelier
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Radošević K, Bubalo MC, Srček VG, Grgas D, Dragičević TL, Redovniković IR. Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 112:46-53. [PMID: 25463852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been dramatically expanding in popularity as a new generation of environmentally friendly solvents with possible applications in various industrial fields, but their ecological footprint has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, three choline chloride-based DESs with glucose, glycerol and oxalic acid as hydrogen bond donors were evaluated for in vitro toxicity using fish and human cell line, phytotoxicity using wheat and biodegradability using wastewater microorganisms through closed bottle test. Obtained in vitro toxicity data on cell lines indicate that choline chloride: glucose and choline chloride:glycerol possess low cytotoxicity (EC50>10 mM for both cell lines) while choline chloride:oxalic acid possess moderate cytotoxicity (EC50 value 1.64 mM and 4.19 mM for fish and human cell line, respectively). Results on phytotoxicity imply that tested DESs are non-toxic with seed germination EC50 values higher than 5000 mg L(-1). All tested DESs were classified as'readily biodegradable' based on their high levels of mineralization (68-96%). These findings indicate that DESs have a green profile and a good prospect for a wider use in the field of green technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Radošević
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Višnje Gaurina Srček
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dijana Grgas
- Laboratory for the Biological Waste Water Treatment, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tibela Landeka Dragičević
- Laboratory for the Biological Waste Water Treatment, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
- Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Sim I, Koh JH, Kim DJ, Gu SH, Park A, Lim YH. In vitro assessment of the gastrointestinal tolerance and immunomodulatory function of Bacillus methylotrophicus isolated from a traditional Korean fermented soybean food. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:718-26. [PMID: 25494714 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the potential of Bacillus methylotrophicus as a probiotic. METHODS AND RESULTS A Bacillus isolate designated strain C14 was isolated from Korean traditional fermented soybean paste (doenjang). The strain was identified, and its physiological and biochemical properties were characterized. The gastrointestinal tolerance and immunomodulatory function of strain C14 were also investigated. Strain C14 was identified as B. methylotrophicus by analysis of its biochemical properties using the API 50CHB system and by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence. Strain C14 showed >80% and >75% of survival for artificial gastric juices (pH 2.5 and 1% pepsin) and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt, respectively. Heat-killed B. methylotrophicus C14 inhibited the adhesion of various pathogens and enhanced the adhesion of probiotic bacteria to Caco-2 cells. The heat-killed cells also induced high levels of immune cell proliferation compared with the control and stimulated interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α production in mouse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus methylotrophicus C14 could be used as a probiotic. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Recently identified B. methylotrophicus is a new potential probiotic with high gastrointestinal tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Sim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Thu HBT, Markiewicz M, Thöming J, Reich RM, Korinth V, Cokoja M, Kühn FE, Stolte S. Catalytically active perrhenate based ionic liquids: a preliminary ecotoxicity and biodegradability assessment. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently it was shown that water and air stable perrhenate based ionic liquids (ILs) are promising catalysts for oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Bui Thi Thu
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Centre of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen Leobenerstr. UFT
- 28329 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Marta Markiewicz
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Centre of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen Leobenerstr. UFT
- 28329 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Centre of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen Leobenerstr. UFT
- 28329 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Robert M. Reich
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Valentina Korinth
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department Sustainable Chemistry
- Centre of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen Leobenerstr. UFT
- 28329 Bremen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Schottenberger H, Nerdinger S, Laus G, Salchner R, Haslinger S, Kahlenberg V, Wurst K, E. Braun D, Vergeiner S, Kopacka H, Puckowski A, Stolte S. Structural and Ecotoxicological Profile of N-Alkoxymorpholinium-Based Ionic Liquids. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
216
|
Mester P, Wagner M, Rossmanith P. Antimicrobial effects of short chained imidazolium-based ionic liquids—influence of anion chaotropicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:96-101. [PMID: 25450920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), a new solvent class composed solely of ions, have already found their way into numerous chemical and biochemical applications. Due to their unique properties and wide application range, research utilizing this new technology for biotechnological applications is steadily increasing. However, progress is hampered by lack of toxicological data, especially concerning IL anions and their general underlying toxicity mechanisms. The present study investigated for the first time the influence of the chaotropicity of the anion for nine imidazole based ILs on their antimicrobial behavior. The results indicate that for ILs with small cations ([C(n)mim](+) with n=2 and 4), the chaotropicity of the anion is a major factor regarding antimicrobial behavior, while for [C6mim](+) based ILs a surfactant-like behavior was identified that explains their high toxicity. It could also be shown that with increasing anion chaotropicity the surfactant-like behavior of the cation is strengthened. Identification of chaotropicity as an underlying mode of antimicrobial action of ILs presents a new point of adjustment for future design with regard to their toxicological behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mester
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rossmanith
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Al-Mohammed NN, Duali Hussen RS, Alias Y, Abdullah Z. Tris-imidazolium and benzimidazolium ionic liquids: a new class of biodegradable surfactants. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that improved the biodegradation of surfactants have successfully used to prepare higher ordered biodegradable tris-imidazolium and benzimidazolium ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassir N. Al-Mohammed
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Lembah Pantai
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | | | - Yatimah Alias
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Lembah Pantai
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Lembah Pantai
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Cardellini F, Germani R, Cardinali G, Corte L, Roscini L, Spreti N, Tiecco M. Room temperature deep eutectic solvents of (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid and sulfobetaines: hydrogen bond-based mixtures with low ionicity and structure-dependent toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation, properties and toxicity of room temperature deep eutectic solvents formed by (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid and aromatic, aliphatic and amphiphilic sulfobetaines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cardellini
- CEMIN
- Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
| | - Raimondo Germani
- CEMIN
- Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- CEMIN
- Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Luca Roscini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Microbiology
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Nicoletta Spreti
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of L'Aquila
- L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- CEMIN
- Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
- University of Perugia
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Al-Mohammed NN, Alias Y, Abdullah Z. Bis-imidazolium and benzimidazolium based gemini-type ionic liquids structure: synthesis and antibacterial evaluation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporated benzenesulfonamide moiety and the active side substituents in di-imidazolium and benzimidazolium cations enhanced both antibacterial activity and miscibility for the synthesized gemini type ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassir N. Al-Mohammed
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Singh KP, Gupta S, Basant N. Predicting toxicities of ionic liquids in multiple test species – an aid in designing green chemicals. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
221
|
Gadilohar BL, Kumbhar HS, Shankarling GS. Choline Peroxydisulfate: Environmentally Friendly Biodegradable Oxidizing TSIL for Selective and Rapid Oxidation of Alcohols. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5032919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balu L. Gadilohar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Haribhau S. Kumbhar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Ganapati S. Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Cheng YC, Chang JM, Chen CA, Chen HC. Autophagy modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death in podocytes: a protective role. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:467-76. [PMID: 25322957 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214553772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs in a variety of patho-physiological mechanisms and there has been great interest in managing this pathway for the treatment of clinical diseases. Autophagy is closely interconnected with endoplasmic reticulum stress to counteract the possible injurious effects related with the impairment of protein folding. Studies have shown that glomerular podocytes exhibit high rate of autophagy to maintain as terminally differentiated cells. In this study, podocytes were exposed to tunicamycin and thapsigargin to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thapsigargin/tunicamycin treatment induced a significant increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress and of cell death, represented by higher GADD153 and GRP78 expression and propidium iodide flow cytometry, respectively. However, thapsigargin/tunicamycin stimulation also enhanced autophagy development, demonstrated by monodansylcadaverine assay and LC3 conversion. To evaluate the regulatory effects of autophagy on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death, rapamycin (Rap) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was added to enhance or inhibit autophagosome formation. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death was decreased at 6 h, but was not reduced at 24 h after Rap+TG or Rap+TM treatment. In contrast, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death increased at 6 and 24 h after 3-MA+TG or 3-MA+TM treatment. Our study demonstrated that thapsigargin/tunicamycin treatment induced endoplasmic reticulum stress which resulted in podocytes death. Autophagy, which counteracted the induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, was simultaneously enhanced. The salvational role of autophagy was supported by adding Rap/3-MA to mechanistically regulate the expression of autophagy and autophagosome formation. In summary, autophagy helps the podocytes from cell death and may contribute to sustain the longevity as a highly differentiated cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 70142, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Abstract
In the past several years, ionic liquids (ILs) have been at the cutting edge of the most promising science and technology. ILs not only have found applications in classical areas of knowledge but also are important candidates to solve classical problems within several societal challenges, such as clean and efficient energy, through the development of a broad swath of energy technologies, such as advanced batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, double-layer capacitors, actuators, fuel cells, thermo-cells, and water splitting, essentially related to highly efficient carbon capture and storage technologies and resource efficiency to date. This review focuses on the application of IL methodologies to solve critical pharmaceutical problems, in particular, the low solubility and thus bioavailability of pharmaceutical compounds and the presence of polymorphs, which severely hamper the efficacy of important commercially available drugs. The development of strategies to use ILs as carriers of pharmaceutical active compounds is an extremely promising and wide avenue. Further, the synthesis of liquid salts through the discerning combination of cations and anions with several distinct pharmaceutical roles provides answers to some of today's pharmaceutical industrial challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Marrucho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; ,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
224
|
Martins MAP, Frizzo CP, Tier AZ, Moreira DN, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG. Update 1 of: Ionic Liquids in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:PR1-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P. Frizzo
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Aniele Z. Tier
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Dayse N. Moreira
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Lim GS, Zidar J, Cheong DW, Jaenicke S, Klähn M. Impact of Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solution on Bacterial Plasma Membranes Studied with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10444-59. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5060952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine S. Lim
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jernej Zidar
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daniel W. Cheong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis
Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marco Klähn
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Pesek
Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Zhang S. Toxicity of ionic liquids: database and prediction via quantitative structure-activity relationship method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:320-329. [PMID: 24996150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive database on toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is established. The database includes over 4000 pieces of data. Based on the database, the relationship between IL's structure and its toxicity has been analyzed qualitatively. Furthermore, Quantitative Structure-Activity relationships (QSAR) model is conducted to predict the toxicities (EC50 values) of various ILs toward the Leukemia rat cell line IPC-81. Four parameters selected by the heuristic method (HM) are used to perform the studies of multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM). The squared correlation coefficient (R(2)) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of training sets by two QSAR models are 0.918 and 0.959, 0.258 and 0.179, respectively. The prediction R(2) and RMSE of QSAR test sets by MLR model are 0.892 and 0.329, by SVM model are 0.958 and 0.234, respectively. The nonlinear model developed by SVM algorithm is much outperformed MLR, which indicates that SVM model is more reliable in the prediction of toxicity of ILs. This study shows that increasing the relative number of O atoms of molecules leads to decrease in the toxicity of ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihong Zhao
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Peric B, Sierra J, Martí E, Cruañas R, Garau MA. A comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:418-425. [PMID: 24630250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a fairly new and very promising group of compounds with a vast variety of possible structures and uses. They are considered to be potentially "green", but their impact on the environment tends to be neglected or not studied enough, especially when it comes to terrestrial ecotoxicity, where there are very few studies performed to date. This work presents a comparative study of the terrestrial ecotoxicity of selected representatives of two ILs groups: a new family of protic ILs (derived from aliphatic amines and organic acids) and some frequently used aprotic ILs (substituted imidazolium and piridinium chlorides). Toxicity of the ILs towards three terrestrial plant species (Allium cepa, Lolium perenne and Raphanus sativus) and soil microorganisms involved in carbon and nitrogen transformation was analyzed. Protic ILs have shown no toxic effect in most of the tests performed. The EC50 values for aprotic ILs are various orders of magnitude lower than the ones for protic ILs in all of the tests. The most toxic ILs are the most complex ones in both of the analyzed groups. Protic ILs seem to have a potential for biodegradation in soil, while aprotic ILs exhibit inhibitory effects towards the carbon transforming microbiota. These findings indicate that protic ILs can be considered as less toxic and safer for the terrestrial environment than the aprotic ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brezana Peric
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martí
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Cruañas
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Garau
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Jing C, Mu L, Ren T, Li B, Chen S, Nan W. Effect of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on cell replication and membrane permeability of Escherichia coli DH5α. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:60-63. [PMID: 24695946 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have elicited attention due to their unique properties. ILs may pose environmental risks to aquatic ecosystems once released into water during generation and application. Therefore, the toxic and antimicrobial properties of ILs should be analysed. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim] [Cl]) on Escherichia coli DH5α by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and to determine the effect of [C8mim] [Cl] on the replication and membrane permeability of E. coli DH5α. The results showed that [C8mim] [Cl] decreased cell viability and inhibited bacterial cell replication. [C8mim] [Cl] increased protein and nucleic acid contents in the extracellular fluid, damaged the cell membrane, and increased membrane permeability. The increase of cell membrane permeability induced by [C8mim] [Cl] could be the cause of decreased cell viability and replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqin Jing
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
229
|
Li XY, Dong XY, Bai X, Liu L, Wang JJ. The embryonic and postembryonic developmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on Physa acuta. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:697-704. [PMID: 22847984 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic and postembryonic developmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) to the snail Physa acuta was evaluated in this study. The results of embryonic toxicity tests showed that lower concentrations of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8 mim]Br) (1.5 and 2.1 mg/L) inhibited the hatching rate of snail embryos, and partial snails hatched normally and died, while all of the treated embryos died when the exposure concentration was higher than 4.16 mg/L, at which IL caused the deformation, death, and decay of snail embryos. Statistical analyses revealed obvious differences in the hatching rates between three developmental stages in the 2.1 and 2.94 mg/L groups, indicating that the veliger stage is more sensitive to [C8 mim]Br exposure than the blastula and gastrula stages. Furthermore, the 96 h LC50 values of [C8 mim]Br on the tested snails at three developmental stages (juvenile, subadult, and adult) were 70.83 ± 2.99, 97.59 ± 4.05, and 109.3 ± 2.22 mg/L, respectively, indicating that young snails were more sensitive to [C8 mim]Br toxicity than adults. In addition, the 96 h LC50 values of ILs with different alkyl chain lengths, that is, [C12 mim], [C10 mim], [C8 mim], and [C6 mim], in adult snails were 1.35 ± 0.24, 8.96 ± 5.66, 109.3 ± 4, and 359.6 ± 11.6 mg/L, respectively, suggesting that longer alkyl chains can increase the toxicity of imidazolium ILs on snails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Chen Z, Feng Y, Wang J, Wang J, Guan W, Zhang H. Effects of [C₂mim][OAc] (1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate) on the growth of wheat seedlings under Cd²⁺ stress. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 92:714-8. [PMID: 24682162 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The joint effect on the growth of wheat seedlings under Cd(2+) stress (0, 0.5 mmol L(-1)) and [C2mim][OAc] with a series of concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg L(-1)) was investigated. Physiological characteristics including superoxide dismutases, peroxidases, catalase and malondialdehyde were studied in hydroponic and soil cultures. Results indicated that, compared to samples treated under Cd(2+) stress alone, joint treatment groups showed Cd(2+) stress was mitigated by ionic liquid at appropriate concentrations (≤ 400 mg L(-1) in hydroponic treatments and ≤ 300 mg L(-1) in soil culture treatments). Use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy showed less Cd(2+) in organelles in the joint treatment group. This phenomenon could be due to [C2mim][OAc] forming metal complexes with Cd(2+), thus reducing the amount of free Cd(2+) available for absorption by the seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Chen
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
231
|
Ge HL, Liu SS, Su BX, Zhu XW. Two-stage prediction of the effects of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquid mixtures on luciferase. Molecules 2014; 19:6877-90. [PMID: 24858273 PMCID: PMC6270941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted toxicity of mixtures of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in the ratios of their EC50, EC10, and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) were compared to the observed toxicity of these mixtures on luciferase. The toxicities of EC50 ratio mixture can be effectively predicted by two-stage prediction (TSP) method, but were overestimated by the concentration addition (CA) model and underestimated by the independent action (IA) model. The toxicities of EC10 ratio mixtures can be basically predicted by TSP and CA, but were underestimated by IA. The toxicities of NOEC ratio mixtures can be predicted by TSP and CA in a certain concentration range, but were underestimated by IA. Our results support the use of TSP as a default approach for predicting the combined effect of different types of ILs at the molecular level. In addition, mixtures of ILs mixed at NOEC and EC10 could cause significant effects of 64.1% and 97.7%, respectively. Therefore, we should pay high attention to the combined effects in mixture risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Ge
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bing-Xia Su
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xiang-Wei Zhu
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Ventura SPM, e Silva FA, Gonçalves AMM, Pereira JL, Gonçalves F, Coutinho JAP. Ecotoxicity analysis of cholinium-based ionic liquids to Vibrio fischeri marine bacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:48-54. [PMID: 24580821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cholinium-based ionic liquids are quaternary ammonium salts with a wide range of potential industrial applications. Based on the fact that the cholinium is a complex B vitamin and widely used as food additive, the cholinium-based ionic liquids are generically regarded as environmentally "harmless" and thus, accepted as "non-toxic", although their ecotoxicological profile is poorly known. This work provides new ecotoxicological data for ten cholinium-based salts and ionic liquids, aiming to extend the surprisingly restricted body of knowledge about the ecotoxicity of this particular family and to gain insight on the toxicity mechanism of these compounds. The results reported here show that not all the cholinium tested can be considered harmless towards the test organism adopted. Moreover, the results suggest that the cholinium family exhibits a different mechanism of toxicity as compared to the imidazolium ionic liquids previously described in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisca A e Silva
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; IMAR-CMA (Instituto do Mar), Departamento das Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Wang C, Wei Z, Feng M, Wang L, Wang Z. Comparative antioxidant status in freshwater fish Carassius auratus exposed to eight imidazolium bromide ionic liquids: a combined experimental and theoretical study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:187-195. [PMID: 24530736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium bromide ionic liquids such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromides ([AMIm]Br) and 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromides ([AMMIm]Br) are common-use organic salts. However, data on comparative toxicological effects of these ILs are lacking for fish. In this study, a combined experimental and theoretical approach was applied to compare and analyze the effects of these ILs on biochemical biomarkers in liver of Carassius auratus treated with different concentrations (2 and 20mg/L) for 3 and 16d. Changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and in the levels of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde were detected, indicating that these ILs exhibit potential biotoxicity. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index suggested that 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([HMIm]Br), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([OMIm]Br), 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide ([HMMIm]Br), and 1-octyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide ([OMMIm]Br) showed the highest biotoxicity under different concentrations or exposure time, while 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIm]Br) always showed the least stressful power towards the test organism. Quantum chemical calculations (electronic parameters, frontier molecular orbitals, and Wiberg bond order) were also conducted to interpret the experimental results. Notably, some descriptors were correlated with the toxicity order. In addition, theoretical calculations provided some valuable information on metabolic pathways of these ILs, which may help to get better understanding on their environmental behavior and fate. In general, the toxicological determination and analysis of these ILs were performed with a combined experimental and theoretical method, which may contribute to the future ecotoxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Chen HL, Kao HF, Wang JY, Wei GT. Cytotoxicity of Imidazole Ionic Liquids in Human Lung Carcinoma A549 Cell Line. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
235
|
Liu T, Zhu L, Xie H, Wang J, Wang J, Sun F, Wang F. Effects of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate on the growth of wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3936-45. [PMID: 24293298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are called "green" solvents, which are due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential applications in various areas. However, the toxicity of ILs has attracted increasing attention from scientific researchers. The present paper studied the toxic effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim]PF6) on wheat seedlings at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg l(-1) on days 7, 10 and 13. The present results showed that the growth of wheat seedlings was seriously inhibited when the concentration was higher than 2 mg l(-1) and the inhibitory effect enhanced with increasing concentration and time. The EC50 values for germination, shoot length, root length and dry weight were 11.104, 5.187, 4.380 and 6.292 mg l(-1), respectively. [C8mim]PF6 could cause an increase in the production of ROS, which led to the oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, these toxic effects on wheat seedlings were irreversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, 271018, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Cvjetko Bubalo M, Hanousek K, Radošević K, Gaurina Srček V, Jakovljević T, Radojčić Redovniković I. Imidiazolium based ionic liquids: effects of different anions and alkyl chains lengths on the barley seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:116-23. [PMID: 24507136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of five imidiazolium based ionic liquids with different anions and length of alkyl chains linked to imidazolium ring on the early development of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The inhibitory effect depends on the ionic liquids concentration and chemical structure, whereby the most toxic one was [C10mim][Br], followed by [C7mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], [C4mim][CH3CO2] and [C4mim][BF4]. Both anion and cation structures affected the toxicity of ionic liquid indicating that selection of more biocompatible anions such as [CH3CO2] does not necessarily indicate lower toxicity. Alternation in the extent of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found in barley plants due to ionic liquid treatments. When seedlings were exposed to higher concentrations of ionic liquids, antioxidant system could not effectively remove reactive oxidative species, leading to lipid peroxidation and damage of the photosynthetic system. However, overall data indicated that the performance of barley seedling was improved when all measured enzymes involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased with special emphasis on GPX activities. Since there are no studies about ionic liquid (IL) toxicity in plants, that simultaneously evaluates the antioxidative enzyme system in response to different ILs, this work is valuable for gaining knowledge about the protection mechanism of plants from oxidative stress caused by IL exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Hanousek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Višnja Gaurina Srček
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jakovljević
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Costa SPF, Justina VD, Bica K, Vasiloiu M, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Automated evaluation of pharmaceutically active ionic liquids' (eco)toxicity through the inhibition of human carboxylesterase and Vibrio fischeri. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 265:133-141. [PMID: 24355776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of 16 pharmaceutical active ionic liquids (IL-APIs) was evaluated by automated approaches based on sequential injection analysis (SIA). The implemented bioassays were centered on the inhibition of human carboxylesterase 2 and Vibrio fischeri, in the presence of the tested compounds. The inhibitory effects were quantified by calculating the inhibitor concentration required to cause 50% of inhibition (EC50). The EC50 values demonstrated that the cetylpyridinium group was one of the most toxic cations and that the imidazolium group was the less toxic. The obtained results provide important information about the safety of the studied IL-APIs and their possible use as pharmaceutical drugs. The developed automated SIA methodologies are robust screening bioassays, and can be used as a generic tools to identify the (eco)toxicity of the structural elements of ILs, contributing to a sustainable development of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana P F Costa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa D Justina
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Katharina Bica
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied and Synthetic Chemistry, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Vasiloiu
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied and Synthetic Chemistry, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Santos AG, Ribeiro BD, Alviano DS, Coelho MAZ. Toxicity of ionic liquids toward microorganisms interesting to the food industry. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi were resistant to high concentrations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, andPseudomonas aeruginosawas tolerant to [NTf2] anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Santos
- Escola de Quíımica
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- Bl.E, Lab. 103
- Cidade Universitária
| | - B. D. Ribeiro
- Escola de Quíımica
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- Bl.E, Lab. 103
- Cidade Universitária
| | - D. S. Alviano
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo Góes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. A. Z. Coelho
- Escola de Quíımica
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Centro de Tecnologia
- Bl.E, Lab. 103
- Cidade Universitária
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Steudte S, Bemowsky S, Mahrova M, Bottin-Weber U, Tojo-Suarez E, Stepnowski P, Stolte S. Toxicity and biodegradability of dicationic ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
240
|
Bubalo MC, Radošević K, Redovniković IR, Halambek J, Srček VG. A brief overview of the potential environmental hazards of ionic liquids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 99:1-12. [PMID: 24210364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over past decades ionic liquids, a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents, have been dramatically expanding in popularity as a new generation of chemicals with potential uses in various areas in industry. In the literature these compounds have often been referred to as environmentally friendly; however, in recent years the perception of their greenness dramatically changed as the scientific community began to proactively assess the risk of their application based on the entire life-cycle. This review gives a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential risks linked to the application of ionic liquids - from preparation to their disposal, with special emphasis on their potential environmental impacts and future directions in designing inherently safer ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
241
|
Martins I, Hartmann DO, Alves PC, Planchon S, Renaut J, Leitão MC, Rebelo LP, Silva Pereira C. Proteomic alterations induced by ionic liquids in Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa. J Proteomics 2013; 94:262-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
242
|
Ma J, Dong X, Fang Q, Li X, Wang J. Toxicity of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids onPhysa Acutaand the Snail Antioxidant Stress Response. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:69-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Dong
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fang
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan Province People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Wu X, Tong ZH, Li LL, Yu HQ. Toxic effects of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on Caenorhabditis elegans: the role of reactive oxygen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2399-404. [PMID: 24021415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
By using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model animal, the present work is aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of imidazolium-based bromide Ionic Liquids (ILs), and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Firstly, 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for eight ILs with different alkyl chain lengths and one or two methyl groups in the imidazolium ring were determined to be in a range of 0.09-6.64 mg mL(-1). Four ILs were selected to investigate the toxic mechanisms. Mortality, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipofuscin accumulation and expression of superoxide dismutase 3 in C. elegans were determined after exposed to ILs at sub-lethal concentrations for 12h. A significant increase in the levels of these biomarkers was observed in accordance with the results of 12-h lethality assay. The addition of 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide, which acts as a radical scavenger, remarkably rescued the lethality of C. elegans and significantly decreased the ROS level in C. elegans. Our results suggest that ROS play an important role in IL-induced toxicity in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Li X, Ma J, Jing C, Wang J. Expression alterations of cytochromes P4501A1, 2E1, and 3A, and their receptors AhR and PXR caused by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in mouse mammary carcinoma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2488-2492. [PMID: 24094773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a key role in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The expression and activity levels of CYPs can be elevated by a process of induction involving the activation of nuclear receptors. The effects of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(8)mim][Cl]) on the expression of cytochrome P450 members, including CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A, as well as on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mouse mammary carcinoma cells (EMT6) were investigated by using quantitative real-time PCR in the present study. The results reveal that [C(8)mim][Cl]-exposure up-regulates the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A at mRNA level, suggesting that imidazolium-based ionic liquids can activate CYPs. Our results also suggest that [C(8)mim][Cl]-mediated CYP3A induction be PXR-dependent. This result may be beneficial to evaluating the environmental toxicity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and investigating the metabolism of imidazolium-derivative drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Peric B, Sierra J, Martí E, Cruañas R, Garau MA, Arning J, Bottin-Weber U, Stolte S. (Eco)toxicity and biodegradability of selected protic and aprotic ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:99-105. [PMID: 23912075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising group of compounds with a large variety of possible structures and uses. They are considered as a potential "green" replacement for traditional volatile organic solvents, but their impact on the environment is often neglected or not studied enough. In the present study, selected representatives of two ILs groups were analyzed: a new family of protic ILs (derived from aliphatic amines and organic acids) and some frequently used aprotic ILs (substituted imidazolium and piridinium chlorides). The aquatic toxicity (test organisms Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lemna minor) and biodegradability tests were carried out. The additional tests with enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and leukemia rat cells (IPC-81) provided more in-depth evaluation of toxicity. In our comparative hazard assessment protic ILs have EC50 values >100 mg L(-1) in all of the tests performed, except in the case of three representatives toward Lemna minor. They also show good biodegradability rates. The EC50 values for aprotic ILs are various orders of magnitude lower than the ones for protic ILs in most of the tests and they show a lower biodegradability potential. These findings indicate that protic ILs can be considered as environmentally safer alternatives for more toxic ILs and organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brezana Peric
- Unitat d'Edafologia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
Cho CW, Ranke J, Arning J, Thöming J, Preiss U, Jungnickel C, Diedenhofen M, Krossing I, Stolte S. In silico modelling for predicting the cationic hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity of ionic liquids towards the Leukemia rat cell line, Vibrio fischeri and Scenedesmus vacuolatus based on molecular interaction potentials of ions. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 24:863-882. [PMID: 23985014 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2013.821092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present prediction models for estimating in silico the cationic hydrophobicity and the cytotoxicity (log [1/EC50]) of ionic liquids (ILs) towards the Leukemia rat cell line (IPC-81), the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the limnic green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus using linear free energy relationship (LFER) descriptors computed by COSMO calculations. The LFER descriptors used for the prediction model (i.e. excess molar refraction (E), dipolarity/polarizability (S), hydrogen-bonding acidity (A), hydrogen-bonding basicity (B) and McGowan volume (V)) were calculated using sub-descriptors (sig2, sig3, HBD3, HBA4, MR, and volume) derived from COSMO-RS, COSMO and OBPROP. With the combination of two solute descriptors (B, V) of the cation we were able to predict cationic hydrophobicity values (log ko ) with r (2) = 0.987 and standard error (SE) = 0.139 log units. By using the calculated log k o values, we were able to deduce a linear toxicity prediction model. In the second prediction study for the cytotoxicity of ILs, analysis of descriptor sensitivity helped us to determine that the McGowan volume (V) terms of the cation was the most important predictor of cytotoxicity and to simplify prediction models for cytotoxicity of ILs towards the IPC-81 (r (2) of 0.778, SE of 0.450 log units), Vibrio fischeri (r (2) of 0.762, SE of 0.529 log units) and Scenedesmus vacuolatus (r (2) of 0.776, SE of 0.825 log units). The robustness and predictivity of the two models for IPC-81 and Vibrio fischeri were checked by comparing the calculated SE and r (2) (coefficient of determination) values of the test set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-W Cho
- a Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
247
|
Cruz-Monteagudo M, Cordeiro MNDS. Chemoinformatics Profiling of Ionic Liquids—Uncovering Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationships With Network-like Similarity Graphs. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:191-204. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
248
|
Cruz-Monteagudo M, Ancede-Gallardo E, Jorge M, Dias Soeiro Cordeiro MN. Chemoinformatics Profiling of Ionic Liquids—Automatic and Chemically Interpretable Cytotoxicity Profiling, Virtual Screening, and Cytotoxicophore Identification. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:548-65. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
249
|
Abbott AP, Frisch G. Ionometallurgy: Processing of Metals using Ionic Liquids. ELEMENT RECOVERY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737340-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The technological world is heavily reliant upon a wide range of metals, many of which are produced in high temperature, energy intensive processes (pyrometallurgy or molten salt electrometallurgy). The current energy efficient alternatives (hydrometallurgy) simply transfer the problem by using aggressive or toxic reagents in aqueous solution. In the environment, metals are becoming rarer and some are predicted soon to become “extinct”. Metal recycling and urban mining are therefore increasingly important. Ionometallurgy, metal processing in ambient temperature ionic fluids, offers the prospect of purifying metals from a range of sources at ambient condition whilst minimising emission of hazardous reagents to the environment. Concentrating metals in solution optimises energy efficiency and promises unprecedented selectivity in metal purification. Ionometallurgy aims to develop socially responsible and efficient methods of obtaining metals from complex mixtures such as ores, electronic waste and spent nuclear fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Abbott
- Department of Chemistry University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH United Kingdom
| | - Gero Frisch
- Department of Chemistry University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Galluzzi M, Zhang S, Mohamadi S, Vakurov A, Podestà A, Nelson A. Interaction of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids with DOPC phospholipid monolayers: electrochemical study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6573-6581. [PMID: 23654287 DOI: 10.1021/la400923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To test the biocompatible character of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs), the interaction of various ILs with biological membrane (biomembrane) models was studied in this work. Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) adsorbed on a mercury (Hg) electrode forms an impermeable defect-free monolayer which is a well established biomembrane model, prone to be studied by electrochemical techniques. We have monitored the modifications of the Hg supported monolayer caused by ILs using rapid cyclic voltammetry (RCV), alternating current voltammetry (ACV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A series of imidazolium-based ILs were investigated whose interaction highlighted the role of anion and lateral side chain of cation during the interaction with DOPC monolayers. It was shown that the hydrophobic and lipophilic character of the IL cations is a primary factor responsible for this interaction. Hg-supported monolayers provide an accurate analysis of the behavior of ILs at the interface of a biomembrane leading to a comprehensive understanding of the interaction mechanisms involved. At the same time, these experiments show that the Hg-phospholipid model is an effective toxicity sensing technique as shown by the correlation between literature in vivo toxicity data and the data from this study.
Collapse
|