201
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Reiner RS, Rudie AW. Experiences with Scaling-Up Production of TEMPO-Grade Cellulose Nanofibrils. NANOCELLULOSES: THEIR PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2017-1251.ch012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Reiner
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Alan W. Rudie
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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202
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Sehaqui H, Kulasinski K, Pfenninger N, Zimmermann T, Tingaut P. Highly Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibers via Succinic Anhydride Esterification of Wheat Fibers and Facile Mechanical Disintegration. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:242-248. [PMID: 27958715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the preparation of 4-6 nm wide carboxyl-functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNF) via the esterification of wheat fibers with cyclic anhydrides (maleic, phtalic, and succinic) followed by an energy-efficient mechanical disintegration process. Remarkable results were achieved via succinic anhydride esterification that enabled CNF isolation by a single pass through the microfluidizer yielding a transparent and thick gel. These CNF carry the highest content of carboxyl groups ever reported for native cellulose nanofibers (3.8 mmol g-1). Compared to conventional carboxylated cellulose nanofibers prepared via Tempo-mediated oxidation of wheat fibers, the present esterified CNF display a higher molar-mass and a better thermal stability. Moreover, highly carboxylated CNF from succinic anhydride esterification were effectively integrated into paper filters for the removal of lead from aqueous solution and are potentially of interest as carrier of active molecules or as transparent films for packaging, biomedical or electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sehaqui
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K Kulasinski
- Department of Geochemistry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - N Pfenninger
- Eawag , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - T Zimmermann
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Tingaut
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Applied Wood Materials Laboratory , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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203
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Singh G, Chandoha-Lee C, Zhang W, Renneckar S, Vikesland PJ, Pruden A. Biodegradation of nanocrystalline cellulose by two environmentally-relevant consortia. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 104:137-146. [PMID: 27522024 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is growing in popularity due to its versatile properties and applications. However, there is a void of knowledge regarding the environmental fate of nanocellulose and the response of environmental microbial communities that are historically adapted to non-nano cellulose forms. Given its distinction in terms of size and chemical and physical properties, nanocellulose could potentially resist biodegradation and/or pose a xenobiotic influence on microbial communities during wastewater treatment or in receiving environments. In this study, biodegradation of H2SO4 hydrolyzed nanocrystalline cellulose (HNC) was compared with that of microcrystalline cellulose using two distinct anaerobic cellulose-degrading microbial consortia initially sourced from anaerobic digester (AD) and wetland (W) inocula. Equivalent cellulose masses were dosed and monitored with time by measurement of liberated glucose. HNC biodegraded at slightly faster rate than microcrystalline cellulose (1st order decay constants: 0.62 ± 0.08 wk-1 for HNC versus 0.39 ± 0.05 wk-1 for microcrystalline cellulose for the AD consortium; 0.69 ± 0.04 wk-1for HNCversus 0.58 ± 0.05 wk-1 for microcrystalline cellulose for the W consortium). 16S rRNA (total bacteria) and cel48 (glycoside hydrolase gene family 48, indicative of cellulose-degrading potential) genes were observed to be more enriched in the HNC condition for both consortia. According to Illumina amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the composition of the consortia underwent distinct shifts in concert with HNC versus microcrystalline cellulose degradation. This study demonstrates that the biodegradation of cellulose is not inhibited in the nano-size range, particularly in the crystalline form, though the microbes and pathways involved likely differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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204
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Chen D, van de Ven TG. Flocculation kinetics of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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205
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A new photoelectric ink based on nanocellulose/CdS quantum dots for screen-printing. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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206
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Ling S, Li C, Jin K, Kaplan DL, Buehler MJ. Liquid Exfoliated Natural Silk Nanofibrils: Applications in Optical and Electrical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7783-90. [PMID: 27352291 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A method to directly extract silk nanofibrils from native silk fibers at the single nanofibrils scale is reported. The resulting silk nanofibrils, which retain structural features and physical properties of native silk fibers, show potential utility in optical and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ling
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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207
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van de Ven TGM, Sheikhi A. Hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids: a novel class of nanocellulose. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15101-14. [PMID: 27453347 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have secured such a promising role in today's life that imagining the modern world without them is almost impossible. A large fraction of nanomaterials is synthesized from environmentally-dangerous elements such as heavy metals, which have posed serious side-effects to ecosystems. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic nanomaterials, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have drawn significant attention towards natural products such as cellulose-based nanomaterials. Within the past decade, nanocelluloses, most remarkably nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), have successfully been used for a wide spectrum of applications spanning from nanocomposites, packaging, and mechanical and rheological property modifications, to chemical catalysis and organic templating. Yet, there has been little effort to introduce fundamentally new polysaccharide-based nanomaterials. We have been able to develop the first kind of cellulose-based nanoparticles bearing both crystalline and amorphous regions. These nanoparticles comprise a crystalline body, similar to conventional NCC, but with polymer chains protruding from both ends; therefore, these particles are called hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids (HCNC). In this article, we touch on the philosophy of HCNC synthesis, the striking superiority over existing nanocelluloses, and applications of this novel class of nanocelluloses. We hope that the emergence of hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids extends the frontiers of sustainable, green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, Pulp and Paper Research Centre, and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemistry, Pulp and Paper Research Centre, and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
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208
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Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the ‘Green’ composite. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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209
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Lu H, Behm M, Leijonmarck S, Lindbergh G, Cornell A. Flexible Paper Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Low Amount of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils as Binder. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18097-18106. [PMID: 27362635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flexible Li-ion batteries attract increasing interest for applications in bendable and wearable electronic devices. TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF), a renewable material, is a promising candidate as binder for flexible Li-ion batteries with good mechanical properties. Paper batteries can be produced using a water-based paper making process, avoiding the use of toxic solvents. In this work, finely dispersed TOCNF was used and showed good binding properties at concentrations as low as 4 wt %. The TOCNF was characterized using atomic force microscopy and found to be well dispersed with fibrils of average widths of about 2.7 nm and lengths of approximately 0.1-1 μm. Traces of moisture, trapped in the hygroscopic cellulose, is a concern when the material is used in Li-ion batteries. The low amount of binder reduces possible moisture and also increases the capacity of the electrodes, based on total weight. Effects of moisture on electrochemical battery performance were studied on electrodes dried at 110 °C in a vacuum for varying periods. It was found that increased drying time slightly increased the specific capacities of the LiFePO4 electrodes, whereas the capacities of the graphite electrodes decreased. The Coulombic efficiencies of the electrodes were not much affected by the varying drying times. Drying the electrodes for 1 h was enough to achieve good electrochemical performance. Addition of vinylene carbonate to the electrolyte had a positive effect on cycling for both graphite and LiFePO4. A failure mechanism observed at high TOCNF concentrations is the formation of compact films in the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Lu
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Techology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Behm
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Techology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Leijonmarck
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Techology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swerea KIMAB AB, Isafjordsgatan 28 A, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Göran Lindbergh
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Techology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Cornell
- Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Techology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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210
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Ingverud T, Larsson E, Hemmer G, Rojas R, Malkoch M, Carlmark A. High water-content thermoresponsive hydrogels via electrostatic macrocrosslinking of cellulose nanofibrils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ingverud
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Emma Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, BiMaC Innovation; Teknikringen 8(D) Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Guillaume Hemmer
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Ramiro Rojas
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Anna Carlmark
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, BiMaC Innovation; Teknikringen 8(D) Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
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211
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Nechyporchuk O, Belgacem MN, Pignon F. Current Progress in Rheology of Cellulose Nanofibril Suspensions. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2311-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Nechyporchuk
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
- Laboratory
of Pulp and Paper Science and Graphic Arts (LGP2), Centre national
de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Agefpi, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Pignon
- Laboratoire
Rhéologie et Procédés (LRP), Centre national
de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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212
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Liu C, Li B, Du H, Lv D, Zhang Y, Yu G, Mu X, Peng H. Properties of nanocellulose isolated from corncob residue using sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxidative and mechanical methods. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:716-724. [PMID: 27474618 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nanocellulose was extracted from bleached corncob residue (CCR), an underutilized lignocellulose waste from furfural industry, using four different methods (i.e. sulfuric acid hydrolysis, formic acid (FA) hydrolysis, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and pulp refining, respectively). The self-assembled structure, morphology, dimension, crystallinity, chemical structure and thermal stability of prepared nanocellulose were investigated. FA hydrolysis produced longer cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) than the one obtained by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, and resulted in high crystallinity and thermal stability due to its preferential degradation of amorphous cellulose and lignin. The cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with fine and individualized structure could be isolated by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. In comparison with other nanocellulose products, the intensive pulp refining led to the CNFs with the longest length and the thickest diameter. This comparative study can help to provide an insight into the utilization of CCR as a potential source for nanocellulose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Haishun Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, College of Papermaking Science and Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Dong Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yuedong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Guang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xindong Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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213
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Jia Y, Zhai X, Fu W, Liu Y, Li F, Zhong C. Surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by tempo-oxidized bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:907-915. [PMID: 27474639 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to seek a safe, biodegradable, and sustainable solid stabilizer for food, topical and pharmaceutical emulsions, individualized cellulose nanofibers were prepared by oxidizing bacterial cellulose (BC) in a Tempo-mediated system; their ability to stabilize oil/water interface was investigated. Significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups were selectively formed on each cellulose microfibril surface, so that the hydrophilicity was strengthened, leading to lower contact angles. Meanwhile, both the length and width of fibrils were decreased significantly, by partial cleavage of numerous numbers of inter- and intra-fibrillar hydrogen bonds. Tempo-oxidized BC (TOBC) was more effective than BC in stabilizing oil-water interface, attributing to the much smaller size. Fibril dosage and oxidation degree exerted a great influence on the stability and particle size distribution of emulsion samples. When the fibril dosage was 0.7wt.%, the sample was so stable that it did not experience creaming and coalescence over 8 months. The 2-TOBC coated droplets showed the greatest stability, although both the zeta potential and the electric repulsion were the largest for the 10-TOBC analogue, which was manipulated by the wettability of fibrils. In addition, the stability of samples was analyzed from the viewpoint of particle size distribution. Consequently, fibril size and wettability are two counterbalanced factors influencing the stability of TOBC-stabilized emulsions; a combination of suitable wettability and size imparts TOBC-stabilized emulsion high stability. As a kind of biomass-based particle stabilizer, TOBC showed great potential applications in food, topical and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhai
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Cargill Food (Tianjin) Co. LTD., 29 Huashan Road, Hangu Modern Industrial Park, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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214
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The role of heteropolysaccharides in developing oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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215
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Large-Scale Production of Nanographite by Tube-Shear Exfoliation in Water. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154686. [PMID: 27128841 PMCID: PMC4851292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of applications based on graphene, few-layer graphene, and nanographite is rapidly increasing. A large-scale process for production of these materials is critically needed to achieve cost-effective commercial products. Here, we present a novel process to mechanically exfoliate industrial quantities of nanographite from graphite in an aqueous environment with low energy consumption and at controlled shear conditions. This process, based on hydrodynamic tube shearing, produced nanometer-thick and micrometer-wide flakes of nanographite with a production rate exceeding 500 gh-1 with an energy consumption about 10 Whg-1. In addition, to facilitate large-area coating, we show that the nanographite can be mixed with nanofibrillated cellulose in the process to form highly conductive, robust and environmentally friendly composites. This composite has a sheet resistance below 1.75 Ω/sq and an electrical resistivity of 1.39×10-4 Ωm and may find use in several applications, from supercapacitors and batteries to printed electronics and solar cells. A batch of 100 liter was processed in less than 4 hours. The design of the process allow scaling to even larger volumes and the low energy consumption indicates a low-cost process.
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216
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Nguyen BN, Cudjoe E, Douglas A, Scheiman D, McCorkle L, Meador MAB, Rowan SJ. Polyimide Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Aerogels. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baochau N. Nguyen
- Ohio Aerospace
Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, United States
| | - Elvis Cudjoe
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Anna Douglas
- NASA Glenn Research
Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States
| | - Daniel Scheiman
- Ohio Aerospace
Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, United States
| | - Linda McCorkle
- Ohio Aerospace
Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, United States
| | - Mary Ann B. Meador
- NASA Glenn Research
Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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217
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Hakalahti M, Mautner A, Johansson LS, Hänninen T, Setälä H, Kontturi E, Bismarck A, Tammelin T. Direct Interfacial Modification of Nanocellulose Films for Thermoresponsive Membrane Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2923-2927. [PMID: 26812620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This letter proposes a strategy to construct tunable films combining the physical characteristics of cellulose nanofibrils and smart polymers for membrane applications. A functional membrane template was obtained by first fabricating a water stable film from cellulose nanofibrils and subsequently surface grafting it with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The behavior of the membrane template was dependent on temperature. The increment in slope of relative water permeance around the lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) increased from 18 to 100% upon polymer attachment. Although the membrane template essentially consisted of wood-based materials, the benefits of smart synthetic polymers were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hakalahti
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd , FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Andreas Mautner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute for Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuomas Hänninen
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd , FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Setälä
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd , FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute for Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd , FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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218
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An investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on novel nanocellulose fibre dressings. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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219
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C S JC, George N, Narayanankutty SK. Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibrils from arecanut husk fibre. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 142:158-66. [PMID: 26917386 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of cellulose nanofibres from arecanut husk was achieved by a chemo-mechanical method thereby opening up a means for utilizing a waste product more effectively. The chemical processes involved alkali treatment, acid hydrolysis, and bleaching. The mechanical fibrillation was performed via grinding and homogenization. The chemical constituents at different stages of treatment of fibres were analyzed according to the ASTM standards. Morphological characterization was done using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The isolated nanofibers had an average diameter of below 10 nanometres and a very high aspect ratio in the range 120-150. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the effective removal of the non cellulosic components. The crystallinity was increased with successive treatments as shown by the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The TGA studies revealed a good thermal stability for the isolated nanofibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chandra C S
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022 Kerala, India; Department of Chemistry, K.K.T.M. Govt. College, Pullut, Kodungallur, Thrissur, India
| | - Neena George
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022 Kerala, India; Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Chittur, Palakkad, India
| | - Sunil K Narayanankutty
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022 Kerala, India.
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220
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Mousa MH, Dong Y, Davies IJ. Recent advances in bionanocomposites: Preparation, properties, and applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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221
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Miao X, Lin J, Tian F, Li X, Bian F, Wang J. Cellulose nanofibrils extracted from the byproduct of cotton plant. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:841-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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222
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Yao C, Wang F, Cai Z, Wang X. Aldehyde-functionalized porous nanocellulose for effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale sorption is a promising strategy for catalyst and purification system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - F. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Z. Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory
- USDA Forest Service
- Madison WI53726
- USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Madison
- USA
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223
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Lindstrom T, Naderi A, Wiberg A. Large Scale Applications of Nanocellulosic Materials - A Comprehensive Review -. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7584/ktappi.2015.47.6.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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224
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225
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Seantier B, Bendahou D, Bendahou A, Grohens Y, Kaddami H. Multi-scale cellulose based new bio-aerogel composites with thermal super-insulating and tunable mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 138:335-48. [PMID: 26794770 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bio-composite aerogels based on bleached cellulose fibers (BCF) and cellulose nanoparticles having various morphological and physico-chemical characteristics are prepared by a freeze-drying technique and characterized. The various composite aerogels obtained were compared to a BCF aerogel used as the reference. Severe changes in the material morphology were observed by SEM and AFM due to a variation of the cellulose nanoparticle properties such as the aspect ratio, the crystalline index and the surface charge density. BCF fibers form a 3D network and they are surrounded by the cellulose nanoparticle thin films inducing a significant reduction of the size of the pores in comparison with a neat BCF based aerogel. BET analyses confirm the appearance of a new organization structure with pores of nanometric sizes. As a consequence, a decrease of the thermal conductivities is observed from 28mWm(-1)K(-1) (BCF aerogel) to 23mWm(-1)K(-1) (bio-composite aerogel), which is below the air conductivity (25mWm(-1)K(-1)). This improvement of the insulation properties for composite materials is more pronounced for aerogels based on cellulose nanoparticles having a low crystalline index and high surface charge (NFC-2h). The significant improvement of their insulation properties allows the bio-composite aerogels to enter the super-insulating materials family. The characteristics of cellulose nanoparticles also influence the mechanical properties of the bio-composite aerogels. A significant improvement of the mechanical properties under compression is obtained by self-organization, yielding a multi-scale architecture of the cellulose nanoparticles in the bio-composite aerogels. In this case, the mechanical property is more dependent on the morphology of the composite aerogel rather than the intrinsic characteristics of the cellulose nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Seantier
- Université de Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France
| | - Dounia Bendahou
- Université de Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France; Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Avenue AbdelkrimElkhattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Bendahou
- Université de Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France
| | - Yves Grohens
- Université de Bretagne Sud, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne, BP 92116, 56321 Lorient Cedex, France.
| | - Hamid Kaddami
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Organometallic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Avenue AbdelkrimElkhattabi, B.P. 549, Marrakech, Morocco.
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226
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Yang Q, Saito T, Berglund LA, Isogai A. Cellulose nanofibrils improve the properties of all-cellulose composites by the nano-reinforcement mechanism and nanofibril-induced crystallization. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17957-17963. [PMID: 26465589 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
All-cellulose nanocomposite films containing crystalline TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) of 0-1 wt% were fabricated by mixing aqueous TOCN dispersions with alkali/urea/cellulose (AUC) solutions at room temperature. The mixtures were cast on glass plates, soaked in an acid solution, and the regenerated gel-like films were washed with water and then dried. The TOCN did not form agglomerates in the composites, and had the structure of TOCN-COOH, forming hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the regenerated cellulose molecules. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the matrix cellulose molecules increased the cellulose II crystal size upon incorporation of TOCN. As a result, the TOCN/AUC composite films had high Young's modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability and oxygen-barrier properties. The TOCN/AUC composite films are promising all-cellulose nanocomposites for versatile applications as new bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanling Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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227
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Galland S, Berthold F, Prakobna K, Berglund LA. Holocellulose Nanofibers of High Molar Mass and Small Diameter for High-Strength Nanopaper. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2427-35. [PMID: 26151837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. Also, CNF isolation often requires high-energy mechanical disintegration. Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Galland
- †Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Berthold
- †Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.,‡Innventia AB, P.O. Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasinee Prakobna
- †Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- †Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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228
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Keshavarzi N, Mashayekhy Rad F, Mace A, Ansari F, Akhtar F, Nilsson U, Berglund L, Bergström L. Nanocellulose-Zeolite Composite Films for Odor Elimination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14254-14262. [PMID: 26061093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Free standing and strong odor-removing composite films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with a high content of nanoporous zeolite adsorbents have been colloidally processed. Thermogravimetric desorption analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy combined with computational simulations showed that commercially available silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 have a high affinity and uptake of volatile odors like ethanethiol and propanethiol, also in the presence of water. The simulations showed that propanethiol has a higher affinity, up to 16%, to the two zeolites compared with ethanethiol. Highly flexible and strong free-standing zeolite-CNF films with an adsorbent loading of 89 w/w% have been produced by Ca-induced gelation and vacuum filtration. The CNF-network controls the strength of the composite films and 100 μm thick zeolite-CNF films with a CNF content of less than 10 vol % displayed a tensile strength approaching 10 MPa. Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the CNF-zeolite films can eliminate the volatile thiol-based odors to concentrations below the detection ability of the human olfactory system. Odor removing zeolite-cellulose nanofibril films could enable improved transport and storage of fruits and vegetables rich in odors, for example, onion and the tasty but foul-smelling South-East Asian Durian fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Keshavarzi
- †Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Amber Mace
- †Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farhan Ansari
- ∥Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farid Akhtar
- §Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE- 97187 Sweden
| | - Ulrika Nilsson
- ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Berglund
- ∥Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergström
- †Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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229
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Understanding nanocellulose chirality and structure-properties relationship at the single fibril level. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7564. [PMID: 26108282 PMCID: PMC4491835 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose fibrils are ubiquitous in nature and nanotechnologies but their mesoscopic structural assembly is not yet fully understood. Here we study the structural features of rod-like cellulose nanoparticles on a single particle level, by applying statistical polymer physics concepts on electron and atomic force microscopy images, and we assess their physical properties via quantitative nanomechanical mapping. We show evidence of right-handed chirality, observed on both bundles and on single fibrils. Statistical analysis of contours from microscopy images shows a non-Gaussian kink angle distribution. This is inconsistent with a structure consisting of alternating amorphous and crystalline domains along the contour and supports process-induced kink formation. The intrinsic mechanical properties of nanocellulose are extracted from nanoindentation and persistence length method for transversal and longitudinal directions, respectively. The structural analysis is pushed to the level of single cellulose polymer chains, and their smallest associated unit with a proposed 2 × 2 chain-packing arrangement. Cellulose is a material found in many different biological systems, but the fine structure at the single-molecule level is still being assessed. Here, the authors present high-resolution imaging of cellulose structures at the single particle level, finding evidence of chirality in bundles and fibrils.
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230
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Stefaniak AB, Seehra MS, Fix NR, Leonard SS. Lung biodurability and free radical production of cellulose nanomaterials. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:733-49. [PMID: 25265049 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.948650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials in advanced composites and biomedicine makes it imperative to understand their pulmonary exposure to human health. Here, we report the results on the biodurability of three cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), two cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and a benchmark cellulose microcrystal (CMC) when exposed to artificial lung airway lining fluid (SUF, pH 7.3) for up to 7 days and alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (PSF, pH 4.5) for up to 9 months. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to monitor biodurability and thermogravimetry, surface area, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and free radical generation capacity of the samples were determined (in vitro cell-free and RAW 264.7 cell line models). The CMC showed no measurable changes in crystallinity (x(CR)) or crystallite size D in either SUF or PSF. For one CNC, a slight decrease in x(CR) and D in SUF was observed. In acidic PSF, a slight increase in x(CR) with exposure time was observed, possibly due to dissolution of the amorphous component. In a cell-free reaction with H₂O₂, radicals were observed; the CNCs and a CNF generated significantly more ·OH radicals than the CMC (p < 0.05). The ·OH radical production correlates with particle decomposition temperature and is explained by the higher surface area to volume ratio of the CNCs. Based on their biodurability, mechanical clearance would be the primary mechanism for lung clearance of cellulose materials. The production of ·OH radicals indicates the need for additional studies to characterize the potential inhalation hazards of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, WV , USA
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231
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Jung YH, Chang TH, Zhang H, Yao C, Zheng Q, Yang VW, Mi H, Kim M, Cho SJ, Park DW, Jiang H, Lee J, Qiu Y, Zhou W, Cai Z, Gong S, Ma Z. High-performance green flexible electronics based on biodegradable cellulose nanofibril paper. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7170. [PMID: 26006731 PMCID: PMC4455139 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Today's consumer electronics, such as cell phones, tablets and other portable electronic devices, are typically made of non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and sometimes potentially toxic (for example, gallium arsenide) materials. These consumer electronics are frequently upgraded or discarded, leading to serious environmental contamination. Thus, electronic systems consisting of renewable and biodegradable materials and minimal amount of potentially toxic materials are desirable. Here we report high-performance flexible microwave and digital electronics that consume the smallest amount of potentially toxic materials on biobased, biodegradable and flexible cellulose nanofibril papers. Furthermore, we demonstrate gallium arsenide microwave devices, the consumer wireless workhorse, in a transferrable thin-film form. Successful fabrication of key electrical components on the flexible cellulose nanofibril paper with comparable performance to their rigid counterparts and clear demonstration of fungal biodegradation of the cellulose-nanofibril-based electronics suggest that it is feasible to fabricate high-performance flexible electronics using ecofriendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei Hwan Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chunhua Yao
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Qifeng Zheng
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Vina W Yang
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Hongyi Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Munho Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sang June Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dong-Wook Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Juhwan Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yijie Qiu
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [2] School of Electronic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- 1] Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, 3445 Engineering Hall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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232
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Rees A, Powell LC, Chinga-Carrasco G, Gethin DT, Syverud K, Hill KE, Thomas DW. 3D Bioprinting of Carboxymethylated-Periodate Oxidized Nanocellulose Constructs for Wound Dressing Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:925757. [PMID: 26090461 PMCID: PMC4452270 DOI: 10.1155/2015/925757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has a variety of advantages, which make the material most suitable for use in biomedical devices such as wound dressings. The material is strong, allows for production of transparent films, provides a moist wound healing environment, and can form elastic gels with bioresponsive characteristics. In this study, we explore the application of nanocellulose as a bioink for modifying film surfaces by a bioprinting process. Two different nanocelluloses were used, prepared with TEMPO mediated oxidation and a combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation produced a homogeneous material with short nanofibrils, having widths <20 nm and lengths <200 nm. The small dimensions of the nanofibrils reduced the viscosity of the nanocellulose, thus yielding a material with good rheological properties for use as a bioink. The nanocellulose bioink was thus used for printing 3D porous structures, which is exemplified in this study. We also demonstrated that both nanocelluloses did not support bacterial growth, which is an interesting property of these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rees
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating (WCPC), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lydia C. Powell
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - David T. Gethin
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating (WCPC), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katja E. Hill
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - David W. Thomas
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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233
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Distinctive green recovery of silver species from modified cellulose: Mechanism and spectroscopic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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234
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Carlsson DO, Lindh J, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1643-9. [PMID: 25830708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Carlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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235
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Hakalahti M, Salminen A, Seppälä J, Tammelin T, Hänninen T. Effect of interfibrillar PVA bridging on water stability and mechanical properties of TEMPO/NaClO2 oxidized cellulosic nanofibril films. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 126:78-82. [PMID: 25933525 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO/NaClO2 oxidized cellulosic nanofibrils (TCNF) were covalently bonded with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to render water stable films. Pure TCNF films and TCNF-PVA films in dry state showed similar humidity dependent behavior in the elastic region. However, in wet films PVA had a significant effect on stability and mechanical characteristics of the films. When soaked in water, pure TCNF films exhibited strong swelling behavior and poor wet strength, whereas covalently bridged TCNF-PVA composite films remained intact and could easily be handled even after 24h of soaking. Wet tensile strength of the films was considerably enhanced with only 10 wt% PVA addition. At 25% PVA concentration wet tensile strengths were decreased and films were more yielding. This behavior is attributed to the ability of PVA to reinforce and plasticize TCNF-based films. The developed approach is a simple and straightforward method to produce TCNF films that are stable in wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hakalahti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Arto Salminen
- Polymer Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Aalto, PO Box 16100, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, Aalto, PO Box 16100, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Hänninen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland.
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Azzam F, Moreau C, Cousin F, Menelle A, Bizot H, Cathala B. Reversible modification of structure and properties of cellulose nanofibril-based multilayered thin films induced by postassembly acid treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2800-2807. [PMID: 25706711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A postassembly acid-treatment consisting of an immersion in 5 mM HCl solution was applied to carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) multilayered thin films. Our results show that the treatment did not affect the overall thickness of the films without any loss of the components. However, a modification of the surface morphology was observed, as well as the swelling behavior. The process was perfectly reversible since the original structure was recovered when the thin films were rinsed by ultrapure water. Moreover, a more pronounced antireflective character was detected for the treated films. The origin of these reversible modifications was discussed. Notably, the scattering length density (SLD) profiles of the films before and after treatment support the idea of a structural reorganization of the components within the film driven by the change of their charge densities induced by the acid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Azzam
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages , 44316 Nantes, France
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237
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Gu J, Hsieh YL. Surface and structure characteristics, self-assembling, and solvent compatibility of holocellulose nanofibrils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4192-4201. [PMID: 25635536 DOI: 10.1021/am5079489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw holocellulose was TEMPO-oxidized and mechanically defibrillated to produce holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNFs) at 33.7% yield (based on original rice straw mass), 4.6% higher yield than cellulose nanofibril (CNF) generated by the same process from pure rice straw cellulose. HCNFs were similar in lateral dimensions (2.92 nm wide, 1.36 nm thick) as CNF, but longer, less surface oxidized (69 vs 85%), and negatively charged (0.80 vs 1.23 mmol/g). HCNFs also showed higher affinity to hydrophobic surfaces than CNFs while still attracted to hydrophilic surfaces. By omitting hemicellulose/silica dissolution step, the two-step 2:1 toluene/ethanol extraction and acidified NaClO2 (1.4%, pH 3-4, 70 °C, 6 h) delignification process for holocellulose was more streamlined than that of pure cellulose, while the resulting amphiphilic HCNFs were more hydrophobic and self-assembled into much finer nanofibers, presenting unique characteristics for new potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu
- Fiber and Poglymer Science, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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238
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Coseri S, Spatareanu A, Sacarescu L, Rimbu C, Suteu D, Spirk S, Harabagiu V. Green synthesis of the silver nanoparticles mediated by pullulan and 6-carboxypullulan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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239
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Jaušovec D, Vogrinčič R, Kokol V. Introduction of aldehyde vs. carboxylic groups to cellulose nanofibers using laccase/TEMPO mediated oxidation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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240
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Hiraoki R, Ono Y, Saito T, Isogai A. Molecular mass and molecular-mass distribution of TEMPO-oxidized celluloses and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:675-81. [PMID: 25584418 DOI: 10.1021/bm501857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Native wood cellulose was oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, and the fibrous TEMPO-oxidized celluloses (TOCs) thus obtained were disintegrated in water to prepare TOC nanofibrils (TOCNs). The carboxyl groups of TOCs and TOCNs were methyl-esterified, and the methylated samples were dissolved in 8% LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide for size-exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser-light scattering (SEC-MALLS) analysis to obtain their molecular-mass (MM) values and MM distributions (MMDs). The results showed that remarkable depolymerization occurred in TOCs and TOCNs and depended on the oxidation and sonication conditions. Because single peaks without bimodal patterns were observed in the MMDs for all of the TOC and TOCN samples, depolymerization may have randomly occurred on whole cellulose molecules and oxidized cellulose molecules in the microfibrils during these treatments. Compared with the MM values obtained by SEC-MALLS, the intrinsic viscosities of TOCs dissolved in 0.5 M copper ethylenediamine solution provided lower MM values owing to depolymerization during the dissolution and postreduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Hiraoki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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241
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Wang S, Lin Y, Zhang X, Lu C. Towards mechanically robust cellulose fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites with strong interfacial interaction through dual modification. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong interfacial interaction between bamboo cellulose fiber (BCF) and a polymeric matrix is very important to improve the mechanical properties of cellulose fiber-reinforced polymeric composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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242
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Boufi S, Gandini A. Triticale crop residue: a cheap material for high performance nanofibrillated cellulose. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose from triticale straws were produced using high-pressure homogenization and conventional high-speed blender for the disintegration process. The energy demand for the disintegration process was shown to depend on delignification and pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Boufi
- University of Sfax
- Faculty of Science of Sfax
- LMSE
- Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Alessandro Gandini
- The International School of Paper
- Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora)
- UMR CNRS 5518
- 38402 Saint Martind'Hères Cedex
- France
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243
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Li Z, Yao C, Wang F, Cai Z, Wang X. Cellulose nanofiber-templated three-dimension TiO2 hierarchical nanowire network for photoelectrochemical photoanode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:504005. [PMID: 25426973 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/504005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) nanostructures with extremely large porosity possess a great promise for the development of high-performance energy harvesting and storage devices. In this paper, we developed a high-density 3D TiO2 fiber-nanorod (NR) heterostructure for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The hierarchical structure was synthesized on a ZnO-coated cellulose nanofiber (CNF) template using atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based thin film and NR growth procedures. The tubular structure evolution was in good agreement with the recently discovered vapor-phase Kirkendall effect in high-temperature ALD processes. The NR morphology was formed via the surface-reaction-limited pulsed chemical vapor deposition (SPCVD) mechanism. Under Xenon lamp illumination without and with an AM 1.5 G filter or a UV cut off filter, the PEC efficiencies of a 3D TiO2 fiber-NR heterostructure were found to be 22-249% higher than those of the TiO2-ZnO bilayer tubular nanofibers and TiO2 nanotube networks that were synthesized as reference samples. Such a 3D TiO2 fiber-NR heterostructure offers a new route for a cellulose-based nanomanufacturing technique, which can be used for large-area, low-cost, and green fabrication of nanomaterials as well as their utilizations for efficient solar energy harvesting and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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244
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Dods SR, Hardick O, Stevens B, Bracewell DG. Fabricating electrospun cellulose nanofibre adsorbents for ion-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1376:74-83. [PMID: 25541092 PMCID: PMC4289918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein separation is an integral step in biopharmaceutical manufacture with diffusion-limited packed bed chromatography remaining the default choice for industry. Rapid bind-elute separation using convective mass transfer media offers advantages in productivity by operating at high flowrates. Electrospun nanofibre adsorbents are a non-woven fibre matrix of high surface area and porosity previously investigated as a bioseparation medium. The effects of compression and bed layers, and subsequent heat treatment after electrospinning cellulose acetate nanofibres were investigated using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) or carboxylate (COO) functionalisations. Transbed pressures were measured and compared by compression load, COO adsorbents were 30%, 70% and 90% higher than DEAE for compressions 1, 5 and 10MPa, respectively, which was attributed to the swelling effect of hydrophilic COO groups. Dynamic binding capacities (DBCs) at 10% breakthrough were measured between 2000 and 12,000CV/h (2s and 0.3s residence times) under normal binding conditions, and DBCs increased with reactant concentration from 4 to 12mgBSA/mL for DEAE and from 10 to 21mglysozyme/mL for COO adsorbents. Comparing capacities of compression loads applied after electrospinning showed that the lowest load tested, 1MPa, yielded the highest DBCs for DEAE and COO adsorbents at 20mgBSA/mL and 27mglysozyme/mL, respectively. At 1MPa, DBCs were the highest for the lowest flowrate tested but stabilised for flowrates above 2000CV/h. For compression loads of 5MPa and 10MPa, adsorbents recorded lower DBCs than 1MPa as a result of nanofibre packing and reduced surface area. Increasing the number of bed layers from 4 to 12 showed decreasing DBCs for both adsorbents. Tensile strengths were recorded to indicate the mechanical robustness of the adsorbent and be related to packing the nanofibre adsorbents in large scale configurations such as pleated cartridges. Compared with an uncompressed adsorbent, compressions of 1, 5 and 10MPa showed increases of 30%, 110% and 110%, respectively, for both functionalisations. The data presented show that capacity and mechanical strength can be balanced through compression after electrospinning and is particular to different functionalisations. This trade-off is critical to the development of nanofibre adsorbents into different packing configurations for application and scale up in bioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart R Dods
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Innovations Technology Access Centre - Micro and Nanotechnology, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Oliver Hardick
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Bob Stevens
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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245
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Veigel S, Grüll G, Pinkl S, Obersriebnig M, Müller U, Gindl-Altmutter W. Improving the mechanical resistance of waterborne wood coatings by adding cellulose nanofibres. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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246
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247
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248
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Veen SJ, Kuijk A, Versluis P, Husken H, Velikov KP. Phase transitions in cellulose microfibril dispersions by high-energy mechanical deagglomeration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13362-13368. [PMID: 25314626 DOI: 10.1021/la502790n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that dispersions of cellulose microfibrils display gel-sol and direct gel-colloidal liquid crystalline structure transitions. This is achieved by applying high-energy mechanical deagglomeration to bacterial cellulose (BC) networks in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). At high CMC content adsorption of the polymer leads to a significant increase in the ζ potential. The resulting apparent phase diagram shows transitions from aggregates to single microfibril dispersions with increasing the CMC/BC weight ratio at low microfibril concentrations. At higher concentrations, liquid crystalline ordering was observed and the microstructure becomes more homogeneous with increasing the CMC content. The observed liquid crystalline ordering was found to be reminiscent of nematic gels. Applying deagglomeration in the presence of CMC, thus, transitions the system from aggregates and gels to dispersions of single microfibrils and nematic gel-type structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Veen
- Unilever Research Vlaardingen , Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, Netherlands
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249
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Carlsson DO, Lindh J, Nyholm L, Strømme M, Mihranyan A. Cooxidant-free TEMPO-mediated oxidation of highly crystalline nanocellulose in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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250
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Spatareanu A, Bercea M, Budtova T, Harabagiu V, Sacarescu L, Coseri S. Synthesis, characterization and solution behaviour of oxidized pullulan. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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