201
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José S, Jordao L. Exploring the Interaction between Microplastics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Biofilms in Freshwater. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1830809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia José
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
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202
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Tang S, Gao L, Gao H, Chen Z, Zou D. Microplastics pollution in China water ecosystems: a review of the abundance, characteristics, fate, risk and removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1495-1508. [PMID: 33107845 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution has been a focus for researchers in recent years worldwide, for the large quantities of plastics in production and the resistance to degradation. China's microplastics pollution attracts much attention because of its long coastline, large population and rapid economic development. This review addresses the widespread microplastics pollution in China's water ecosystems through available research results from recent years and analyses the abundance, characteristics, fate and risk of microplastics. This paper also discusses the current treatment technology of microplastics. The conclusions show that estuaries are severely affected by microplastics pollution; the accumulation of microplastics and adsorption of contaminants by microplastics could also lead to serious risks besides ingestion; there are few technologies that can efficiently remove microplastics pollution in sewage treatment plants. Finally, this review suggests directions for future research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China E-mail: ; Forestry College of Beihua University, 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132313, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Forestry College of Beihua University, 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132313, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongze Gao
- Forestry College of Beihua University, 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132313, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zongshi Chen
- Forestry College of Beihua University, 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin 132313, Jilin Province, China
| | - Donglei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China E-mail:
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203
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Vilakati B, Sivasankar V, Mamba BB, Omine K, Msagati TAM. Characterization of plastic micro particles in the Atlantic Ocean seashore of Cape Town, South Africa and mass spectrometry analysis of pyrolyzate products. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114859. [PMID: 32502872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic particles with 29 pyrolyzate compounds of marine water samples from the seashore locations in Cape Town, South Africa were analysed using Pyrolysis- GC-TOF-MS. The mass spectra data documented the presence of various chemical groups that include alkanes, alkenes, dienes, fatty acids and esters, biphenyl and benzene (along with derivatives). Out of 16 identified polymers in the study area, polythene (PE) was the dominant in six out of seven locations with 87.5% followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) in five (71.4%) and four (57.1%) out of seven locations respectively. The other constituent polymers of microplastics identified through pyrolyzates were polystyrene (PS), polyamide 12 (PA-12) polyacrylic acid (PAA) and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The microplastic samples contained six additives predominantly in the family of fatty acid esters and nine plasticizers from alcohols, carboxylic esters and acids. The base peaks of m/z 41, 43, 55, 57, 69, 73, 91, 102, 105, 127 and 154 were characterized respectively with the fragmented species of C3H5+, C3H7+, C4H7+, C4H9+, C5H9+, C3H5O2+, C7H7+, C3H10O2+(McLafferty ion), C8H9+, C8H15O+ and C12H10+. Accordingly to Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of hazard classification, about 27.4% of pyrolyzates are Irritants, 31.4% of pyrolyzates found to be Irritants along with other hazards such as Flammable, Compressed Gas, Environmental Hazard, Corrosive, Health Hazard, Acute Toxicity and Allergy. About 41.2% of the pyrolyzates are not classified under the Irritant category. Characterizations of the plastic microparticles from the seven seashore locations such as FTIR, SEM with EDX and TGA were also done and discussed to understand the functional groups, surface morphology with elemental composition and stability respectively of the polymeric microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongekile Vilakati
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - V Sivasankar
- Post Grduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai 600 030, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kiyoshi Omine
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki-Daigaku, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852 8521, Japan
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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204
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Fernández B, Santos-Echeandía J, Rivera-Hernández JR, Garrido S, Albentosa M. Mercury interactions with algal and plastic microparticles: Comparative role as vectors of metals for the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122739. [PMID: 32388184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and desorption of Hg onto and from microplastics (MP) and microalgae (MA) were investigated, and fitted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order kinetics models. Then, the potential role of MP as vector for the entrance and accumulation of Hg (MP-Hg) in comparison to natural pathways (via MA -MA-Hg-, and dissolved -WB-Hg-) was investigated in mussel. Mussels were exposed to a single dose of Hg (2375 ng ind-1) for 4 h. Although the clearance of MP-Hg was relevant (82 %), it was lower than that of MA (95 %) and MA-Hg (94 %). The amount of the Hg accumulated and eliminated was higher in mussels exposed to MP-Hg (1417 ng Hg) than in those exposed to MA-Hg (882 ng Hg) and WB-Hg (1074 ng Hg). However, Hg accumulation was similar in the three mussel groups (≈800 ng Hg). This was related to the fast elimination of Hg still attached to MP by MP-Hg mussels. Hg was mainly accumulated in digestive gland in MA-Hg and MP-Hg mussels, and in gills in WB-Hg mussels. Overall, the results indicated that MP facilitated the entrance of Hg in mussel but also promoted Hg elimination, which could limit the toxicological risk of Hg adsorbed onto MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Santos-Echeandía
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José R Rivera-Hernández
- Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras Km 3, 82199 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Soledad Garrido
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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205
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Gong J, Xie P. Research progress in sources, analytical methods, eco-environmental effects, and control measures of microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126790. [PMID: 32330760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are plastic particles which are widely distributed in the environment. The pollution of microplastics in environment have attracted increasing attention in recent years. This paper reviews research progress in sources, analytical methods, eco-environmental effects and control in environment, and suggests relevant countermeasures in governance and research. Microplastics mainly originate from two sources: firstly, a significant direct input of primary microplastics; second, secondary microplastics generate from the fragmentations of larger plastic materials. The analysis and identification of microplastics are critical to other researches, and related instrument methods have also been applied to the analysis and identification of microplastics. The advantages and disadvantages of microplastics analytical methods were reviewed. The eco-environmental effects of microplastics can be divided into four aspects: adsorption, biological uptake, ecotoxicological and combined pollution. Control measures need to strengthen the systematic research of microplastics pollution control and management technology system from the aspects of organizational cooperation, technological research and development, laws and regulations. In the future, a unified quantitative analysis method for microplastics should be established, and more accurate traceability analysis techniques should be developed to further explore its environmental behavior and fate. To strengthen scientific research on microplastic pollution in terrestrial, freshwater and atmospheric environments, and develop more scientific and rational control policies. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of microplastics pollution, and also provides insights for the next step of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Pei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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206
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Wang Q, Bai J, Ning B, Fan L, Sun T, Fang Y, Wu J, Li S, Duan C, Zhang Y, Liang J, Gao Z. Effects of bisphenol A and nanoscale and microscale polystyrene plastic exposure on particle uptake and toxicity in human Caco-2 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126788. [PMID: 32334251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are abundant in oceans, lakes, soils and even air, and can pose potential threats to human health through food or respiratory intake. Moreover, microplastics have synergistic toxicity to the body after absorbing organic pollutants. In this study, laser scanning confocal microscope and flow cytometry were used to observe the intake of colonic cancer Caco-2 cells to polystyrene plastic with five different particlesizes (300 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 3 μm, 6 μm). The uptake rates of microplastics with different particle sizes were 73%, 71%, 49%, 43%, and 30%, respectively. Then, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the adsorption differences of polystyrene plastic with different particle sizes to bisphenol A (BPA). Finally, the proliferation toxicity of polystyrene microplastics with different particle sizeson Caco-2 cells before and after adsorption of BPA was compared. MTT experiments confirmed that microplastics caused an increase in cytotoxicity. This result may be related to increased cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization. This hypothesis has been confirmed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays because nanoscale microplastics cause a large amount of ROS on Caco-2 cells after microplastic exposure, and micron-scale microplastics cause a significant decrease in MMP. At the same time, nanoscale microplastics can cause further depolarization of mitochondria due to their large specific surface area adsorption of BPA, which leads to enhanced cytotoxicity of microplastics after BPA adsorption. The results of this study are of great significance in the evaluation of the safety of microplastics in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Longxing Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Tieqiang Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Chenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Academy of Military Science, Da Li Road 1, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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207
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O'Donovan S, Mestre NC, Abel S, Fonseca TG, Carteny CC, Willems T, Prinsen E, Cormier B, Keiter SS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of the UV filter, oxybenzone, adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020. [PMID: 32446057 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) lipophilic nature and widespread distribution raises concerns due to their increasing presence in the marine environment and their ability to adsorb organic contaminants, as being potential vehicles for transport and potential source of accumulation of organic contaminants by marine organisms. The organic UV-filter, oxybenzone (BP-3) is a constituent of sunscreens and personal care products, entering the marine environment either by direct contact with swimmers or by wastewater effluents. In this study the ecotoxicological effects of exposure to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics with and without adsorbed BP-3 were investigated in the peppery furrow shell clam, Scrobicularia plana. LDPE microplastics with a size range of 11-13 μm were previously contaminated with an environmentally relevant concentration of BP-3 (82 ng g-1). S. plana individuals were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg L-1 of microplastics with and without BP-3 adsorbed in a water-sediment exposure system for 14 days. Clams were sampled at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. Multiple biomarkers were analysed to investigate the effect of exposure in different clam tissues, gills, digestive gland, and haemolymph. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases) enzyme activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (single and double strand DNA breaks), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity) were assessed along with two biomarker indexes to assess the overall health status. Results indicate that after 7 days of exposure MPs with adsorbed BP-3 induced oxidative stress and damage, when compared to exposure to virgin MPs and control treatments. Neurotoxic effects were also noted in MPs with adsorbed BP-3 after 14 days exposure, while some evidence points to increased genotoxicity with exposure time. Overall results indicate that gills were more affected by exposure to microplastics than digestive gland and that biomarkers alterations are apparently more related to the toxicity of BP-3 adsorbed than virgin MPs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit O'Donovan
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Serena Abel
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tainá G Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Camilla C Carteny
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bettie Cormier
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; UMR Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Steffen S Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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208
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Adeogun AO, Ibor OR, Khan EA, Chukwuka AV, Omogbemi ED, Arukwe A. Detection and occurrence of microplastics in the stomach of commercial fish species from a municipal water supply lake in southwestern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31035-31045. [PMID: 32394264 PMCID: PMC7392946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are physical anthropogenic pollutants and their ability to act as contaminant vectors in biological matrices is of serious ecosystem and human health concern. In the present study, we have, for the first time, screened and detected MPs in the stomach of a select group of commonly consumed fish species from a municipal water supply lake (Eleyele) in Nigeria. A total of 109 fish samples consisting of eight (8) species: Coptodon zillii (CZ: n = 38), Oreochromis niloticus (ON: n = 43), Sarotheron melanotheron (SM: n = 19), Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (CN: n = 3), Lates niloticus (LN: n = 3), Paranchanna obscura (PO: n = 1), Hemichromis fasiatus (HF: n = 1), and Hepsetus odoe (HO: n = 1) were collected between February-April, 2018. Fish stomach content was screened for the presence of MPs using the density gradient separation technique (NaCl hypersaline solution) and examined using a fluorescence microscope. MPs were present in all the species screened (except H. fasciatus) with a frequency of 69.7% positive individuals in the examined species. MP prevalence was highest in ON (34%) > CZ (32%) > SM (13%) > CN (6%) and 5% each, for PO HO, and LN. On average, 1-6 MPs with sizes ranging between 124 μm and 1.53 mm were detected per individual. However, the highest number (34) of MPs was detected in the stomach of SM. Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) identified ecological variables such as habitat, feeding mode, and trophic levels as critical factors that may determine and influence MP uptake in fish population. The PCA showed stronger association between fish habitat, feeding mode, and trophic level with MP size and number in the benthopelagic species (ON CZ and SM), compared to demersal species (PO CN HO and LN). Given that MPs can act as vectors for the transfer of pathogens and environmental contaminants (both legacy and emerging), in addition to direct health risks to aquatic organisms, our findings raise concerns on the potential human/wildlife health effects of MPs in these economically and ecologically important food fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Essa A Khan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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209
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O'Donovan S, Mestre NC, Abel S, Fonseca TG, Carteny CC, Willems T, Prinsen E, Cormier B, Keiter SS, Bebianno MJ. Effects of the UV filter, oxybenzone, adsorbed to microplastics in the clam Scrobicularia plana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139102. [PMID: 32446057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) lipophilic nature and widespread distribution raises concerns due to their increasing presence in the marine environment and their ability to adsorb organic contaminants, as being potential vehicles for transport and potential source of accumulation of organic contaminants by marine organisms. The organic UV-filter, oxybenzone (BP-3) is a constituent of sunscreens and personal care products, entering the marine environment either by direct contact with swimmers or by wastewater effluents. In this study the ecotoxicological effects of exposure to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics with and without adsorbed BP-3 were investigated in the peppery furrow shell clam, Scrobicularia plana. LDPE microplastics with a size range of 11-13 μm were previously contaminated with an environmentally relevant concentration of BP-3 (82 ng g-1). S. plana individuals were exposed to a concentration of 1 mg L-1 of microplastics with and without BP-3 adsorbed in a water-sediment exposure system for 14 days. Clams were sampled at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. Multiple biomarkers were analysed to investigate the effect of exposure in different clam tissues, gills, digestive gland, and haemolymph. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases) enzyme activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (single and double strand DNA breaks), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity) were assessed along with two biomarker indexes to assess the overall health status. Results indicate that after 7 days of exposure MPs with adsorbed BP-3 induced oxidative stress and damage, when compared to exposure to virgin MPs and control treatments. Neurotoxic effects were also noted in MPs with adsorbed BP-3 after 14 days exposure, while some evidence points to increased genotoxicity with exposure time. Overall results indicate that gills were more affected by exposure to microplastics than digestive gland and that biomarkers alterations are apparently more related to the toxicity of BP-3 adsorbed than virgin MPs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit O'Donovan
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nélia C Mestre
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Serena Abel
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tainá G Fonseca
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Camilla C Carteny
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bettie Cormier
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; UMR Centre National dela Recherche Scientifique EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Steffen S Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
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210
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Jiménez-Lamana J, Marigliano L, Allouche J, Grassl B, Szpunar J, Reynaud S. A Novel Strategy for the Detection and Quantification of Nanoplastics by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anal Chem 2020; 92:11664-11672. [PMID: 32786493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection and quantification of nanoplastics (NPTs) at environmentally relevant concentrations was developed. It is based on conjugating nanoplastics with functionalized metal (Au)-containing nanoparticles (NPs), thus making them detectable by highly sensitive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) operated in single particle (SP) mode. The selectivity of the method was achieved by the coupling of negatively charged carboxylate groups present at the surface of nanoplastics with a positively charged gelatin attached to the custom-synthesized AuNPs. The adsorbed Au produced a SP-ICP-MS signal allowing the counting of individual nanoplastic particles, and hence their accurate quantification (<5% error). Polystyrene (PS) particle models with controlled surface functionalization mimicking the nanoplastics formed during natural degradation of plastic debris were used for the method development. The nanoplastic number concentration quantification limit was calculated at 8.4 × 105 NPTs L-1 and the calibration graph was linear up to 3.5 × 108 NPTs L-1. The method was applied to the analysis of nanoplastics of up to 1 μm in drinking, tap, and river water. The minimum detectable and quantifiable size depended on the degree of functionalization and the surface available for labeling. For a fully functionalized nanoplastic, the lower size detectable by this strategy is reported as 135 nm. In this study, authors use the recommendation for the definition of nanoplastics as plastic particles with sizes ranging between 1 nm and 1 μm, although it has not been accepted by a dedicated organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez-Lamana
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
| | - Lucile Marigliano
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
| | - Joachim Allouche
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Pau 64053, France
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211
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Guschina IA, Hayes AJ, Ormerod SJ. Polystyrene microplastics decrease accumulation of essential fatty acids in common freshwater algae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114425. [PMID: 32229374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing concern about the occurrence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems there is only rudimentary understanding of the pathways through which any adverse effects might occur. Here, we assess the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs; <70 μm) on a common and widespread algal species, Chlorella sorokiniana. We used laboratory exposure to test the hypothesis that the lipids and fatty acids (FAs) are important molecules in the response reactions of algae to this pollutant. Cultivation with PS-MPs systematically reduced the concentration of essential linoleic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) in C. sorokiniana, concomitantly increasing oleic acid (C18:1n-9). Among the storage triacylglycerols, palmitoleic and oleic acids increased at the expenses of two essential fatty acids, linoleic (LIN, C18:2n-6) and ALA, while PS-MPs had even more pronounced effects on the fatty acid and hydrocarbon composition of waxes and steryl esters. The FA composition of two major chloroplast galactolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), were affected implying changes in the conformational structure of photosynthetic complexes in ways that can impair the photosynthesis. These data reveal how exposure to polystyrene microplastics can modify the concentrations of lipid molecules that are important intrinsically in cell membranes, and hence the lipid bilayers that could form an important barrier between algal cellular compartments and plastics in the aquatic environment. Changes in lipid synthesis and fatty acid composition in algae could also have repercussions for food quality, growth and stressor resistance in primary consumers. We advocate further studies of microplastics effects on the lipid composition of primary producers, and of their potential propagation through aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Guschina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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212
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Zitouni N, Bousserrhine N, Belbekhouche S, Missawi O, Alphonse V, Boughatass I, Banni M. First report on the presence of small microplastics (≤ 3 μm) in tissue of the commercial fish Serranus scriba (Linnaeus. 1758) from Tunisian coasts and associated cellular alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114576. [PMID: 32315922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is limited research on the ingestion of microplastic particles (MPs) by fish from the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea. This study provides the occurrence of small MPs (≤3 μm) in the gastrointestinal tract and muscle of adult benthopelagic fish Serranus scriba (L.1758), caught along Tunisian coasts. MPs were extracted from selected tissues using a potassium hydroxide digestion method (KOH 10%) and then quantified, and their chemical structure was characterized through Raman microspectroscopy. The results highlighted that MPs were present in all samples. The average abundance of MPs per gram of fish tissue identified through successive filters of 3 μm, 1.2 μm, and 0.45 μm differed significantly among the sites. The properties of the MPs extracted indicated that polyethylene-vinyl-acetate (PEVA: 33.45%), high density polyethylene (HD-PE: 17.33%), and fragments were the most abundant plastic types and shape found, respectively. Among those, most MPs were found at a size class of 3-1.2 μm (∼60%), especially in the muscle, suggesting a high transfer of MPs into the human diet. Our field work also aimed to explore the effects observed in the gastrointestinal tract with a battery of biomarkers assessing oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. The preliminary results of this study showed the existence of a link between small MPs, sites, and their associated urban activities and induced oxidative stress. However, more detailed studies are required to evaluate the transfer of MPs into tissues and the potential impacts of this transfer on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Zitouni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratory Water, Environment and Urban Systems, University Paris-Est Créteil. Faculty of Science and Technology, Créteil Cedex, France
| | | | - Omayma Missawi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratory Water, Environment and Urban Systems, University Paris-Est Créteil. Faculty of Science and Technology, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Iteb Boughatass
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, University of Sousse, Tunisia.
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213
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Valine AE, Peterson AE, Horn DA, Scully-Engelmeyer KM, Granek EF. Microplastic Prevalence in 4 Oregon Rivers Along a Rural to Urban Gradient Applying a Cost-Effective Validation Technique. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1590-1598. [PMID: 32430919 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in our environment and are found in rivers, streams, oceans, and even tap water. Riverine microplastics are relatively understudied compared with those in marine ecosystems. In Oregon (USA), we sampled 8 sites along 4 freshwater rivers spanning rural to urban areas to quantify microplastics. Plankton tow samples from sites along the Columbia, Willamette, Deschutes, and Rogue Rivers were analyzed using traditional light microscopy for initial microplastic counts. Application of Nile Red dye to validate microplastics improved microplastic identification, particularly for particles (Wilcox test; p = 0.001). Nile Red-corrected microfiber abundance was correlated with human population within 5 km of the sample site (R² = 0.554), although no such relationship was observed between microparticles and population (R² = 0.183). We found that plastics were present in all samples from all sites, despite the range from undeveloped, remote stretches of river in rural areas to metropolitan sites within Portland (OR, USA), demonstrating the pervasive presence of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1590-1598. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Valine
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashley E Peterson
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dorothy A Horn
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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214
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Gardon T, Huvet A, Paul-Pont I, Cassone AL, Sham Koua M, Soyez C, Jezequel R, Receveur J, Le Moullac G. Toxic effects of leachates from plastic pearl-farming gear on embryo-larval development in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 179:115890. [PMID: 32402865 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pearl-farming leads to significant plastic pollution in French Polynesia (FP) as the end of life of most farming gear is currently poorly managed. Plastic debris released into the aquatic environment accumulates, with potentially detrimental effects on the lagoon ecosystem and pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, a species of ecological, commercial and social value. Here, we tested the effects of leachates from new (N) and aged (A) plastic pearl-farming gear (spat collector and synthetic rope) obtained after 24 h and 120 h incubation, on the embryo-larval development of the pearl oyster using an in-vitro assay. Embryos were exposed for 24 h and 48 h to a negative control (0) and the leachate from 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 g of plastic. L-1. After 24 h exposure to leachate at 100 g.L-1, effects were observed on embryo development (-38% to -60% of formed larvae) and mortality (+72% to +82%). Chemical analyses of plastic gear indicated the presence of 26 compounds, consisting of organic contaminants (PAHs) and additives (mainly phthalates). Screening of leachates demonstrated that these compounds leach into the surrounding seawater with an additional detection of pesticides. Higher levels of phthalates were measured in leachates obtained from new (6.7-9.1 μg.L-1) than from aged (0.4-0.5 μg.L-1) plastics, which could be part of the explanation of the clear difference in toxicity observed after 48 h exposure at lower concentrations (0.1-10 g.L-1), associated with mortality ranging from 26 to 86% and 17-28%, respectively. Overall, this study suggests that plastic gear used in the pearl-farming industry releases significant amounts of hazardous chemicals over their lifetime, which may affect pearl oyster development that call for in-situ exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gardon
- Ifremer, Institut Louis-Malardé, IRD, Univ Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France.
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Manaarii Sham Koua
- Ifremer, Institut Louis-Malardé, IRD, Univ Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Claude Soyez
- Ifremer, Institut Louis-Malardé, IRD, Univ Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Ronan Jezequel
- CEDRE - 715 Rue Alain Colas, 29218, BREST Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Gilles Le Moullac
- Ifremer, Institut Louis-Malardé, IRD, Univ Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
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215
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Böckers M, Paul NW, Efferth T. Bisphenolic compounds alter gene expression in MCF-7 cells through interaction with estrogen receptor α. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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216
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Provenza F, Piccardo M, Terlizzi A, Renzi M. Exposure to pet-made microplastics: Particle size and pH effects on biomolecular responses in mussels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111228. [PMID: 32510374 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the expression of biomarkers of oxidative stress (LPO, GPx, AtCh, SOD) in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) following the exposure to suspensions of microparticles irregular shaped fibres of Polyethylene terephthalate of different sizes (small 5-60 μm, S-PET; medium 61-499 μm, M-PET; large 500-3000 μm, L-PET) at a single dose of 0.1 g/L. Mussels were tested under two different starting pH conditions of marine water: standard (8.0) and acidified (7.5). The results obtained from this study show that: i) PET microplastics are able to induce biochemical stress in mussels; ii) among the biomarkers tested, LPO and GPx were more effective in detecting the stress induced by microplastic in both initial pH conditions; iii) the expression of biomarkers was influenced by the size of the microparticle. In particular, greater effects were associated with the largest PET particle tested (0.5-3.0 mm); iv) regarding the effect of pH, in experiments starting from 7.5 pH the animals showed a lower biomarker expression than those starting from 8.0 pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Provenza
- Bioscience Research Center, via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy
| | - Manuela Piccardo
- Department of Life Sciences, via L. Giorgieri, 10, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, via L. Giorgieri, 10, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, via L. Giorgieri, 10, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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217
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Al-Salem SM, Uddin S, Al-Yamani F. An assessment of microplastics threat to the marine environment: A short review in context of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104961. [PMID: 32250880 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are recognised as a (persistent) pollutant and are believed to be ubiquitous in the marine environment. The importance of this issue is evident from the large number of technical publications and research efforts within the past decade. However, the Arabian (Persian) Gulf region has few reported datasets in spite of being an area with excessive plastic use and a hefty generation rate of plastic solid waste. This communication aims at stimulating a discussion on this topic focusing on the available regional and international datasets, along with the environmental conditions that are likely to contribute to the disintegration and transport of the plastic debris rendering it as microplastic. This work also highlights some of the constraints in sampling techniques, identification methods, and the reported units of microplastics. Most studies employ neuston nets of variable dimensions that samples different thicknesses of surface water, which also posses a major constraint in standardising field sample collection. Extrapolation of a trawl to units such as particles.km-2 without considering the fact that neuston nets collect three-dimensional samples, is also another aspect discussed in this communication. This study also intends to initiate a discussion on standardising the practices across the region to enable an intercomparison of the reported data. In addition, it calls for a comprehensive assessment using the standardized methodology for putting a mitigation plan for microplastics as a potential threat detected in environmental sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Al-Salem
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - F Al-Yamani
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
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218
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Pereao O, Opeolu B, Fatoki O. Microplastics in aquatic environment: characterization, ecotoxicological effect, implications for ecosystems and developments in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22271-22291. [PMID: 32335826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are small-size plastic piece scales (particles < 5 mm) in sediments and waters which interact with environment and organisms by various means. Microplastics are becoming a universal ecological concern since they may be a source of hazardous chemicals to marine organisms and environments. Recent research suggests microplastics could enable the transfer of hydrophobic aquatic pollutants or chemical additives to biota. Even though microplastic presence and interactions are recently being detected in marine and freshwater systems, the fate of microplastics is still very poorly understood. This literature review is a summary of the sources and transport of microplastics, their interactions with toxic chemicals and the methodologies for chemical quantification and characterization of microplastics. The environmental outcome and impact of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants were assessed as well as the trends and update on microplastic research in the South African aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoniyi Pereao
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
| | - Beatrice Opeolu
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Olalekan Fatoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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219
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Pervez R, Wang Y, Mahmood Q, Jattak Z. Stereomicroscopic and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Characterization of the Abundance, Distribution and Composition of Microplastics in the Beaches of Qingdao, China. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1763379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Pervez
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zafarullah Jattak
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Balochistan, Pakistan Uthal
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220
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Jia YW, Huang Z, Hu LX, Liu S, Li HX, Li JL, Chen CE, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Occurrence and mass loads of biocides in plastic debris from the Pearl River system, South China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125771. [PMID: 31918091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution in the plastic debris is an increasing global concern as most pollutants might transfer from the environment to living organisms via plastic debris. In this study, biocides in the plastic debris floating on the surface water of the Pearl River system were investigated. The abundances of large plastic debris and microplastics in the surface water were 0.07 ± 0.13 and 0.94 ± 1.87 items/m3, respectively. Totally, 15 and 16 out of 19 biocides were detected in the large plastic debris and microplastics, with the concentration of each biocide in the ranges of 22.6-2460 ng/g and 16.9-2890 ng/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration ranges of the detected biocides were 0.01-215 ng/L in surface water. Triclosan, triclocarban, methylparaben, and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were the frequently detected compounds in the plastic samples and surface water. The partition coefficients (Kd) of biocides between the plastic debris and surface water showed a weak positive correlation with Kow values. Biocides were also detected on the natural floats (tree leaves and branches) at concentrations of 13.7-786 ng/g. The annual mass load of biocides in plastic debris at each site was up to 265 g/y, thereby suggesting that plastic debris might be an important carrier for the emerging contaminants, such as biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zheng Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jin-Ling Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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221
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Zhu X, Qiang L, Shi H, Cheng J. Bioaccumulation of microplastics and its in vivo interactions with trace metals in edible oysters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111079. [PMID: 32319912 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been an emerging threat to marine environments and marine life. Oysters as seafood are popular worldwide, yet also a high-risk group to accumulate pollutants due to their filter-feeding nature. In this study, edible oysters were collected from Yantai, a coastal city in China, to study the uptake, accumulation and translocation of microplastics in marine life, as well as their in vivo interactions with other persistent pollutants. Microplastics were found in all of the studied oyster tissue samples with an average concentration around 4.53 items/g wet weight (24.49 items/g dry weight). Microplastics were mainly translocated and distributed in the gills and mantle of the studied oysters in the form of fibers. The detected microplastics in the oysters were mostly cellophane and polyester as identified by the micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. Cellophane tends to accumulate in gills, mantle and muscle while polyester tends to accumulate in digestive glands of the studied oysters. Excessive concentrations of trace metals (30.484, 4.415, 0.395 and 181.044 μg/g dry weight of Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu, respectively) were detected in the studied oysters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace metals of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were found to be adsorbed on the surface of microplastics isolated from the oysters. There was a correlation between the in vivo concentration of microplastics and the in vivo concentration of four trace metals: Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb, which suggests potential in vivo interactions between microplastics and trace metals. This study can help to understand the impacts of microplastics and their joint toxicity with other pollutants on marine life, especially on aquaculture seafood. This study will be an important reference for the assessment of health risks associated with consumption of edible coastal oysters in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Liyuan Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution & Department of Ocean Science, School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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222
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Wong G, Löwemark L, Kunz A. Microplastic pollution of the Tamsui River and its tributaries in northern Taiwan: Spatial heterogeneity and correlation with precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113935. [PMID: 32006882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and its effects on ecosystem in the marine environment has been well studied over the past decade. In contrast, the impact of microplastic pollution in freshwater environments was understudied, e.g., only a few studies examined the amount and distribution of microplastic in rivers, as well as the contribution of rivers to the microplastic pollution in oceans. In this study we investigated the microplastic pollution in the Tamsui River and its tributaries in northern Taiwan. We collected samples with a manta net from the Tamsui River, the Dahan River, the Keelung River and the Xindian River every two weeks over a time period of three months in 2018. Additionally, we took samples from the Xindian River during a heavy rain event in February 2019. Microplastic particles in the size range of 0.3-5 mm were visually identified. Unknown particles were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. The extracted particles were counted and classified according to their shape and color. We found microplastic of varying amounts in each of the samples, which indicates a wide spread pollution in the Tamsui River and its tributaries. The amount varies between rivers and ranges in average from 2.5 ± 1.8 particles per m3 in the Xindian River to 83.7 ± 70.8 particles per m3 in the Dahan River. Our data shows a positive correlation between precipitation and amount of microplastic particles found in the rivers. Moreover, in each river we could observe a large spatial and temporal variation of the microplastic amount between the left, middle and right sections of the stream. Due to this heterogeneous distribution of particles, we suggest that samples for microplastic analysis should be taken from multiple places across a river, as well as over a certain period to account for the heterogeneous microplastic distribution in the river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Wong
- National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ludvig Löwemark
- National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Alexander Kunz
- National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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223
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Elizalde-Velázquez A, Subbiah S, Anderson TA, Green MJ, Zhao X, Cañas-Carrell JE. Sorption of three common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136974. [PMID: 32041000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High disposability, high durability, and indiscriminate use have led to the accumulation of plastics at uncontrolled rates in the environment. However, plastics are not the only source of water pollution in the environment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of pharmaceuticals widely and highly consumed in the market due to a low price and over-the-counter accessibility. NSAIDs are frequently detected in surface water environments at μg L-1 concentrations. In the present study, the sorption behavior of three NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) was examined with four types of microplastics (polystyrene (PS), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), average molecular weight medium density polyethylene (AMWPE), and polypropylene (PP)), under varying water conditions. Low sorption occurred between NSAIDs and microplastics under environmentally relevant conditions. The sorption process exhibited a pronounced pH dependency due to the effect of pH on the speciation of the compounds and the surface charge of the particles. Only under acidic conditions (pH: 2), NSAIDs were highly sorbed onto microplastics mainly ruled by hydrophobic interactions. Among NSAIDs tested, diclofenac exhibited the highest sorption coefficients to microplastics. Polyethylene particles exhibited the highest affinity for NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Elizalde-Velázquez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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224
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Microplastic Contamination in Freshwater Environments: A Review, Focusing on Interactions with Sediments and Benthic Organisms. ENVIRONMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most commonly produced and used materials in the world due to its outstanding features. However, the worldwide use of plastics and poor waste management have led to negative impacts on ecosystems. Plastic degradation in the environment leads to the generation of plastic particles with a size of <5 mm, which are defined as microplastics (MPs). These represent a global concern due to their wide dispersion in water environments and unclear potential ecotoxicological effects. Different studies have been performed with the aim of evaluating the presence and impacts of MPs in the marine environment. However, the presence of MPs in freshwater systems is still poorly investigated, making data retrieval a difficult task. The purpose of this review is to identify the main aspects concerning MPs pollution sources in lakes and rivers, with a focus on freshwater sediments as a site of accumulation and as the habitat of benthic organisms, which are key components of food webs and play a fundamental role in energy/contaminant transfer processes, but are still poorly considered. Through this review, the sources and fate of MPs in freshwater are analysed, ecotoxicological studies focused on sediments and benthic fauna are exposed, the most frequently used sampling and analysis strategies are reported, and future trends of MPs analysis in this field are proposed.
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225
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Isaza-Pérez F, Ramírez-Carmona M, Rendón-Castrillón L, Ocampo-López C. Potential of residual fungal biomass: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13019-13031. [PMID: 32130636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was evaluated and documented the potential uses of the residual fungal biomass from fermentation. The chemical composition of the biomass was determined by instrumental analysis techniques for its characterization and its possible application. It was found that this biomaterial is generally composed of sugars, proteins, and lipids, which provide it certain properties and applications that must be characterized morphologically, chemically, and mechanically. The residual fungal biomass could be used for two processes: the extraction of biopolymers, with several applications in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical, among others; and the removal of contaminants by mechanisms of adsorption with biopolymers, known also as biosorption, in tertiary treatments of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Isaza-Pérez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
| | - Margarita Ramírez-Carmona
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia.
| | - Leidy Rendón-Castrillón
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ocampo-López
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología - CIBIOT, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Cir. 1ª #70-01, of. Bloque 11, Medellín, 11-317, Colombia
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226
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Wang G, Lu J, Tong Y, Liu Z, Zhou H, Xiayihazi N. Occurrence and pollution characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136099. [PMID: 31923655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, as a new type of pollutant, are widely found in various environmental media, and their effects on organisms are of great concern to society. However, research on the characteristics of microplastic pollution in inland rivers in China is still rare. The Manas River, which is located in the interior of Northeast China, was selected as the research object. The occurrence and pollution characteristics of microplastics in the surface water of the river were explored. The range of abundance of microplastics in the Manas River Basin was 21 ± 3-49 ± 3 items/L. Fibrous microplastics were dominant in all sites (88.0%); their size was mainly distributed between 0.1 and 1.0 mm (82.6%), and white and black were the dominant colours (82.9%). In addition, the size range of flaky-type microplastics were investigated in this study, which was principally between 2.5 × 103-9.0 × 104 μm2 (84.5%). Infrared spectral analysis revealed that most of the selected particles were identified as microplastics, and polymer types of microplastics were dominated by polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate (48.3%). This study can be used as a reference to better understand the contamination features of microplastics in inland rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China..
| | - Yanbin Tong
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Nuerguli Xiayihazi
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
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227
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Potent Impact of Plastic Nanomaterials and Micromaterials on the Food Chain and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051727. [PMID: 32138322 PMCID: PMC7084205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic products are inexpensive, convenient, and are have many applications in daily life. We overuse plastic-related products and ineffectively recycle plastic that is difficult to degrade. Plastic debris can be fragmented into smaller pieces by many physical and chemical processes. Plastic debris that is fragmented into microplastics or nanoplastics has unclear effects on organismal systems. Recently, this debris was shown to affect biota and to be gradually spreading through the food chain. In addition, studies have indicated that workers in plastic-related industries develop many kinds of cancer because of chronic exposure to high levels of airborne microplastics. Microplastics and nanoplastics are everywhere now, contaminating our water, air, and food chain. In this review, we introduce a classification of plastic polymers, define microplastics and nanoplastics, identify plastics that contaminate food, describe the damage and diseases caused by microplastics and nanoplastics, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this damage and disease as well as solutions for their amelioration. Thus, we expect to contribute to the understanding of the effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on cellular and molecular mechanisms and the ways that the uptake of microplastics and nanoplastics are potentially dangerous to our biota. After understanding the issues, we can focus on how to handle the problems caused by plastic overuse.
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228
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Jo YK, Lee D. Biopolymer Microparticles Prepared by Microfluidics for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903736. [PMID: 31559690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are macromolecules that are derived from natural sources and have attractive properties for a plethora of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, and high bioactivity. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful approach for fabricating polymeric microparticles (MPs) with designed structures and compositions through precise manipulation of multiphasic flows at the microscale. The synergistic combination of materials chemistry afforded by biopolymers and precision provided by microfluidic capabilities make it possible to design engineered biopolymer-based MPs with well-defined physicochemical properties that are capable of enabling an efficient delivery of therapeutics, 3D culture of cells, and sensing of biomolecules. Here, an overview of microfluidic approaches is provided for the design and fabrication of functional MPs from three classes of biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins, and microbial polymers, and their advances for biomedical applications are highlighted. An outlook into the future research on microfluidically-produced biopolymer MPs for biomedical applications is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kee Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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229
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Barbosa F, Adeyemi JA, Bocato MZ, Comas A, Campiglia A. A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109089. [PMID: 32069751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing scientific attention on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environments and their potential toxic effects on humans and the ecosystems is evident. Accordingly, the number of publications on this topic has increased substantially from only 5 in 2010 to more than 850 in 2019. Thus, this critical review aimed at providing state-of-the-art information on the existing methods for characterization and detection of MNPs in various matrices, as well as the reported toxic effects of MNPs in both in vivo and in vitro systems, anticipating challenges and providing future needs to improve the current scientific knowledge. We performed a systematic search of recent literature on available methodologies for the characterization/detection of MNPs in different samples, and the summary of such protocols is provided. Also, the existing procedures for in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of MNPs were critically described. The results of our search revealed that quite a great deal of effort had been made to detect, characterize, and quantify the fate and effect of MNPs. However, we are still far from a complete understanding of behaviors of MNPs in the environments and biological systems. Thus, there is a need to advance the existing protocols to improve data accuracy. Besides, more studies that focus on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution of MNPs in biological systems are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Comas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
| | - Andres Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
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230
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Hua T, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang W, You Z, Wang H, Li M. The mechanism for adsorption of Cr(VI) ions by PE microplastics in ternary system of natural water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113440. [PMID: 31706754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
More attention was paid to the attachment between microplastics and environmental pollutants. The adsorption performance of Polyethylene (PE) beads (a typical type of microplastics) and Cr(VI) ions with the existence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was investigated in this paper. The adsorption experiments of Cr(VI) ions by PE microplastics were conducted at different conditions, i.e. PE doses, pH and SDBS concentrations, respectively. The adsorption capability of Cr(VI) ions was increased from 0.39 to 1.36 mg⋅g-1 when the dosage of PE microplastics was increased from 2 to 14 g ⋅L-1 at pH of 5 with addition of SDBS, compared with increasing adsorption capability from 0.03 to 0.32 mg⋅g-1 without addition of SDBS. The pH would influence the adsorption capability with and without the addition of SDBS. When the pH was less than 6, the adsorption capability of Cr(VI) would be promoted by the addition of SDBS; however, there was a contrast tendency when the pH was more than 6, which was attributed to that SDBS would compete with CrO42- for occupying the adsorption sites of PE microplastic. The SDBS concentration would affect the adsorption performance of Cr(VI) ions onto PE microplastics. The peak of the adsorption capacity was at SDBS concentration between 1 and 1.5 mM. This research would provide a basis for investigating the influence of SDBS on adsorption performance of heavy metal by PE microplastics to simulate the surface attachment model of those three kinds of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Pingdingshan, Henan, PR China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tian Hua
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yonggan Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhangchao You
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
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231
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Capolupo M, Sørensen L, Jayasena KDR, Booth AM, Fabbri E. Chemical composition and ecotoxicity of plastic and car tire rubber leachates to aquatic organisms. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115270. [PMID: 31731243 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymer-based materials are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, where weathering processes lead to their progressive fragmentation and the leaching of additive chemicals. The current study assessed the chemical content of freshwater and marine leachates produced from car tire rubber (CTR), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics, and their adverse effects on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (freshwater) and Skeletonema costatum (marine) and the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. A combination of non-target and target chemical analysis revealed a number of organic and metal compounds in the leachates, including representing plasticizers, antioxidants, antimicrobials, lubricants, and vulcanizers. CTR and PVC materials and their corresponding leachates had the highest content of tentatively identified organic additives, while PET had the lowest. The metal content varied both between polymer leachates and between freshwater and seawater. Notable additives identified in high concentrations were benzothiazole (CTR), phthalide (PVC), acetophenone (PP), cobalt (CTR, PET), zinc (CTR, PVC), lead (PP) and antimony (PET). All leachates, except PET, inhibited algal growth with EC50 values ranging from 0.5% (CTR) and 64% (PP) of the total leachate concentration. Leachates also affected mussel endpoints, including the lysosomal membrane stability and early stages endpoints as gamete fertilization, embryonic development and larvae motility and survival. Embryonic development was the most sensitive parameter in mussels, with EC50 values ranging from 0.8% (CTR) to 65% (PET) of the total leachate. The lowest impacts were induced on D-shell larvae survival, reflecting their ability to down-regulate motility and filtration in the presence of chemical stressors. This study provides evidence of the relationship between chemical composition and toxicity of plastic/rubber leachates. Consistent with increasing contamination by organic and inorganic additives, the leachates ranged from slightly to highly toxic to mussels and algae, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the overall impact of plastic-associated chemicals on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kongalage Don Ranil Jayasena
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Elena Fabbri
- University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
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232
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Li Z, Yi X, Zhou H, Chi T, Li W, Yang K. Combined effect of polystyrene microplastics and dibutyl phthalate on the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113604. [PMID: 31761578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of polystyrene microplastics (mPS) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a common plastic additive, on the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated in the present study. The 96 h-IC50 value of DBP was 2.41 mg L-1. Polystyrene microplastics exhibited size-dependent inhibitory effect to C. pyrenoidosa, with the 96 h-IC50 at 6.90 and 7.19 mg L-1 for 0.1 and 0.55 μm mPS respectively, but little toxicity was observed for 5 μm mPS. The interaction parameter ρ based on the response additive response surface (RARS) model varied from -0.309 to 5.845, indicating the interaction pattern varying with exposure concentrations of chemical mixtures. A modified RARS model (taking ρ as a function of exposure concentration) was constructed and could well predict the combined toxicity of mPS and DBP. More than 20% reduction of DBP was observed at 20 mg L-1 mPS, while 1 mg L-1 mPS had no significant effect on the bioavailability of DBP at different sampling time points. Volume, morphological complexity and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of microalgal cells were disturbed by both DBP and mPS. The antagonistic effect of high concentrations of mPS might be partially attributed to the combination of hetero- and homo-aggregation and the reduced bioavailability of DBP. The overall findings of the present study profiled the combined toxic effects of mPS and DBP on marine phytoplankton species which will be helpful for further evaluation of ecological risks of mPS and DBP in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochuan Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Tongtong Chi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wentao Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Kaiming Yang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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233
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Oberbeckmann S, Labrenz M. Marine Microbial Assemblages on Microplastics: Diversity, Adaptation, and Role in Degradation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:209-232. [PMID: 31226027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have known for more than 45 years that microplastics in the ocean are carriers of microbially dominated assemblages. However, only recently has the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems been investigated in detail. Research in this field has focused on three main areas: (a) the establishment of plastic-specific biofilms (the so-called plastisphere); (b) enrichment of pathogenic bacteria, particularly members of the genus Vibrio, coupled to a vector function of microplastics; and (c) the microbial degradation of microplastics in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the relationships between marine microorganisms and microplastics remain unclear. In this review, we deduce from the current literature, new comparative analyses, and considerations of microbial adaptation concerning plastic degradation that interactions between microorganisms and microplastic particles should have rather limited effects on the ocean ecosystems. The majority of microorganisms growing on microplastics seem to belong to opportunistic colonists that do not distinguish between natural and artificial surfaces. Thus, microplastics do not pose a higher risk than natural particles to higher life forms by potentially harboring pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, microplastics in the ocean represent recalcitrant substances for microorganisms that are insufficient to support prokaryotic metabolism and will probably not be microbially degraded in any period of time relevant to human society. Because we cannot remove microplastics from the ocean, proactive action regarding research on plastic alternatives and strategies to prevent plastic entering the environment should be taken promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Oberbeckmann
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), D-18119 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Matthias Labrenz
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), D-18119 Rostock, Germany;
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Consoli P, Scotti G, Romeo T, Fossi MC, Esposito V, D'Alessandro M, Battaglia P, Galgani F, Figurella F, Pragnell-Raasch H, Andaloro F. Characterization of seafloor litter on Mediterranean shallow coastal waters: Evidence from Dive Against Debris®, a citizen science monitoring approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110763. [PMID: 31910520 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Citizen science programs carried out by volunteers are fundamental for the collection of scientific data on a wide spatial scale. From 2011 to 2018, 468 survey dives were conducted in 172 coastal locations of the Mediterranean Sea through Project AWARE's citizen science program, Dive Against Debris®. During the dives, information was collected on quantity, typology and distribution of seafloor litter in shallow coastal waters. Overall, the observed average density was 43.55 items/100 m2 and plastic was largely the dominant material (55% of the total collected items) on basin scale. The most abundant seafloor litter items were plastic fragments with 9.46%, followed by beverage cans (7.45%). Single-use plastic items constituted 33% of the total marine litter. The results of the study can be used to inform policymakers of the European Community towards specific management action to contrast the marine litter in relation to the distribution of the recorded litter category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Consoli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Via dei Mille 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Scotti
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT, Via dei Mille, 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy.
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Via dei Mille 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Esposito
- Istituto di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, OCE, via Auguste Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela D'Alessandro
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT, Via dei Mille, 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Pietro Battaglia
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Via dei Mille 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franco Andaloro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Via dei Mille 46, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
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235
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Papachristopoulou I, Filippides A, Fakiris E, Papatheodorou G. Vessel-based photographic assessment of beach litter in remote coasts. A wide scale application in Saronikos Gulf, Greece. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110684. [PMID: 31744610 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of marine debris was quantified for a total of sixty-two inaccessible beaches in the western Saronikos Gulf, Greece. High resolution images were obtained through vessel-based photography survey, merged into seamless photomosaics, and manually processed to quantify beach litter abundance. A sample of four selected beaches were subjected to detailed photography followed by beach macro-litter (≥ 2.5 cm) in-situ sampling surveys over a period of one year, to calibrate and validate the proposed method. Regression analysis between photographic and in-situ data showed a significant correlation, hence providing a highly accurate regression model to assess the real number of beach litter stranded on the rest of the investigated beaches, exhibiting clear correlations to the hydrodynamic status of the area and, provide an indication of the main litter sources. The proposed method is an easily applicable and useful tool for fast and low-cost macro-litter monitoring in extended, remote coastlines, when only photographic data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elias Fakiris
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - George Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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Sinopoli M, Cillari T, Andaloro F, Berti C, Consoli P, Galgani F, Romeo T. Are FADs a significant source of marine litter? Assessment of released debris and mitigation strategy in the Mediterranean sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 253:109749. [PMID: 31671325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A poorly known form of marine litter known as Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing (ALDFG) derives from fishing activities using FADs (Fish Aggregating Devices). In the Mediterranean Sea, this activity is widespread in southern Italy, Tunisia, Malta and Majorca (Spain). The way of constructing FADs, from a functional point of view, is very similar throughout the Mediterranean and consists mainly of the use of different materials for the floats and for the cables and blocks for anchoring. Every year, for at least 30 years, about 60,000 FADs have been placed at sea and in most cases are not recovered. In this study, through analysis of the scientific and grey literature, a historical reconstruction of the use of FADs in the Mediterranean Sea was made, including their spatial distribution, the number of objects and the materials used to build the devices. It has been estimated that approximately 1.6 million FADs were abandoned in the Mediterranean Sea between 1961 and 2017. The largest fishing areas are off Malta (34,465 km2) and Tunisia (23,033 km2). The greatest numbers of abandoned plastic sheets (452,742) and concrete blocks (905,483) were estimated to be around Tunisia, while the greatest amount, in terms of length, of polyethylene cable (399,423 km) was estimated to be around Sicily. About 30% of FADs used all over the world are used in the Mediterranean and are only of the anchored type (corresponding to about 90% of those anchored used worldwide). The legislation on the use of Mediterranean FADs is still poor and does not address environmental issues. An analysis of the possible environmental impacts of the FAD litter was made. Overall, reducing the number of FADs and introducing new types of FADs equipped with specific technological systems appear to be the most suitable strategies to mitigate the impact of FADs on the environment and resources, as well as measures and incentives to involve fishermen in their better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sinopoli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale Della Sicilia, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Palermo. Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo N. 4521 (ex Complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cillari
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT. Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo N. 4521 (ex Complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Franco Andaloro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale Della Sicilia, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Palermo. Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo N. 4521 (ex Complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Berti
- Marine Expert, Via Paradiso, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Consoli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale Della Sicilia, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Milazzo. Via Dei Mille, 46 - 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Centro Interdipartimentale Della Sicilia, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Milazzo. Via Dei Mille, 46 - 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy; Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT. Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo N. 4521 (ex Complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy
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237
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Kor K, Mehdinia A. Neustonic microplastic pollution in the Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110665. [PMID: 31655300 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, microplastics are a major challenge threatening marine environment. Given little information on their prevalence in the Persian Gulf, the present study as the first comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate microplastics abundance in surface waters. Neustonic samples were collected from 15 stations along the Persian Gulf. Visually separated microplastics were categorized according to their size, shape, and color. ATR-FTIR method was used to identify the composition of polymers. Microplastics were found in all sampling stations and their density varied from 1.5 × 103 to 4.6 × 104 particle.km-2 with a mean density of 1.8 × 104 particle.km-2. Fibers were the most dominant shape of microplastics (44.1%). Approximately 76% of the analyzed microplastics were polyethylene and polypropylene and the predominant colors of the microplastics were white and blue. Results of the study confirmed prevalence of microplastics in the Persian Gulf, and findings suggested a pressing need to investigate their effects on marine life and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalodin Kor
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Tehran, Iran
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238
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Peng G, Bellerby R, Zhang F, Sun X, Li D. The ocean's ultimate trashcan: Hadal trenches as major depositories for plastic pollution. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115121. [PMID: 31605833 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris and marine microplastics are being discharged into the ocean at an alarming scale and have been observed throughout the marine environment. Here we report microplastic in sediments of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known region on the planet, abyssal plains and hadal trenches located in the Pacific Ocean (4900 m-10,890 m). Microplastic abundance reached 71.1 items per kg dry weight sediment. That high concentrations are found at such remote depths, knowing the very slow sinking speed of microplastics, suggests that supporting mechanisms must be at-play. We discuss cascading processes that transport microplastics on their journey from land and oceanic gyres through intermediate waters to the deepest corners of the ocean. We propose that hadal trenches will be the ultimate sink for a significant proportion of the microplastics disposed in the ocean. The build-up of microplastics in hadal trenches could have large consequences for fragile deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Richard Bellerby
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Thormølensgate 53D, Bergen, Norway
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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239
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Brignac KC, Jung MR, King C, Royer SJ, Blickley L, Lamson MR, Potemra JT, Lynch JM. Marine Debris Polymers on Main Hawaiian Island Beaches, Sea Surface, and Seafloor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12218-12226. [PMID: 31595747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric differences of plastic debris were assessed across four compartments of the Main Hawaiian Islands (sea surface, windward beaches, leeward beaches, and seafloor) to better describe sources and fate. Plastic debris pieces (n = 4671) were collected from 11 beaches, three sea surface tows, and three seafloor dives. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified the polymers of 3551 pieces. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in concentration, types, polymer composition, and weathering were found among four compartments. Windward beaches had 1-2 orders of magnitude more plastic pollution (g/m2) than leeward beaches, despite smaller human populations on windward sides. Sea surface and windward beaches were dominated by severely weathered, less dense floating polymers (polyethylene and polypropylene comprised 92.7 and 93.5% on average, respectively, of the total debris mass), while leeward beaches and the seafloor debris consisted of less weathered and more dense sinking polymers (e.g., 41.0 and 44.7% of total mass consisted of the sum of polystyrene, nylon, cellulose acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, and additive-masked debris). These results are some of the first to provide evidence of polymeric stratification in the marine environment and emphasize that the majority of marine debris in Hawaii is floating in from distant sources rather than from Hawaii's residents or tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C Brignac
- Center for Marine Debris Research , Hawaii Pacific University , Waimanalo 96795 , Hawaii , United States
| | - Melissa R Jung
- Center for Marine Debris Research , Hawaii Pacific University , Waimanalo 96795 , Hawaii , United States
| | - Cheryl King
- Sharkastics , Kihei 96753 , Hawaii , United States
| | | | | | - Megan R Lamson
- Hawaii Wildlife Fund , Volcano 96785 , Hawaii , United States
| | | | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Center for Marine Debris Research , Hawaii Pacific University , Waimanalo 96795 , Hawaii , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Waimanalo 96795 , Hawaii , United States
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240
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Chisada S, Yoshida M, Karita K. Ingestion of polyethylene microbeads affects the growth and reproduction of medaka, Oryzias latipes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113094. [PMID: 31479815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research using various species of wild and cultured fish has identified negative effects of short-term exposure to microbeads. Although wild animals might be contaminated with microbeads and/or other pharmaceuticals, data regarding the long-term effects remain limited. To clearly elucidate the effects of microbeads, studies of long-term exposure using animal models are necessary. Our aim was to elucidate the effects of microbeads alone on the growth and fecundity of medaka following long-term exposure (12 weeks). In experiment 1, fish groups (except controls) were temporarily exposed to polyethylene microbeads (10-63 μm diameter) a low dose of 0.065 microbeads-mg/L and high dose of 0.65 microbeads-mg/L. In experiment 2, see-through medaka and fluorescent polyethylene microbeads (10-45 μm diameter) were used to estimate the retention time of ingested microbeads in the digestive tract, which was 4-9 days. The low dose of microbeads did not affect growth but did decrease the number of eggs and the hatching rate. The high dose decreased growth, the number of eggs, and hatching rate. Growth differences were recognized for the first time at 7 weeks, and differences in the number of eggs at 12 weeks. Thus, long-term tests using medaka indicated that microbeads per se exhibit growth inhibition and reproductive toxicity. These effects could be associated with nutritional factors resulting from the long retention time of microbeads in the digestive tract. We also determined the dose that affects only fecundity. This suggests that normal growth of medaka in the wild does not mean the environment is free from microbead contamination. We are thus attempting to identify new biological indexes for monitoring the status of microbead contamination using our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshida
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kanae Karita
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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241
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Akdogan Z, Guven B. Microplastics in the environment: A critical review of current understanding and identification of future research needs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113011. [PMID: 31404735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (plastic particles <5 mm) are a contaminant of increasing ecotoxicological concern in aquatic environments, as well as for human health. Although microplastic pollution is widespread across the land, water, and air, these environments are commonly considered independently; however, in reality are closely linked. This study aims to review the scientific literature related microplastic research in different environmental compartments and to identify the research gaps for the assessment of future research priorities. Over 200 papers involving microplastic pollution, published between 2006 and 2018, are identified in the Web of Science database. The original research articles in 'Environmental Sciences', 'Marine/Freshwater Biology', 'Toxicology', 'Multidisciplinary Sciences', 'Environmental Studies', 'Oceanography', 'Limnology' and 'Ecology' categories of Web of Science are selected to investigate microplastic research in seas, estuaries, rivers, lakes, soil and atmosphere. The papers identified for seas, estuaries, rivers and lakes are further classified according to (i) occurrence and characterization (ii) uptake by and effects in organisms, and (iii) fate and transport issues. The results reveal that whilst marine microplastics have received substantial scientific research, the extent of microplastic pollution in continental environments, such as rivers, lakes, soil and air, and environmental interactions, remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akdogan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Guven
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
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242
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Rodrigues MO, Abrantes N, Gonçalves FJM, Nogueira H, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of plastic products used in daily life on the environment and human health: What is known? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103239. [PMID: 31472322 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are indispensable and persistent materials used in daily life that can be fragmented into micro- or nanoplastics. They are long polymer chains mixed with additives that can be toxic when in contact with distinct species. The toxicity can result from polymer matrix, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants. Notwithstanding, there is still an immense gap of information concerning the individual and mixed impacts of plastics. Hence, in this study, we characterize the most common plastic materials widely used in our daily life by its polymer type and compile the environmental and human health hazards of these polymers including the impacts of monomers, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants based on literature review. In summary, polyvinyl chloride is the most toxic polymer type used daily (monomer and additives); additives are more toxic than monomers to wildlife and humans; and the most toxic additives are benzene, phthalates and lead stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - N Abrantes
- Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - H Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J C Marques
- MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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243
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Gong W, Jiang M, Han P, Liang G, Zhang T, Liu G. Comparative analysis on the sorption kinetics and isotherms of fipronil on nondegradable and biodegradable microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112927. [PMID: 31404730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics have been introduced and widely used as a promising alternative to traditional nondegradable plastics. However, the differences in sorption behavior of pesticides on nondegradable and biodegradable microplastics has been insufficiently studied. Here, four types of nondegradable [polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP)] and two types of biodegradable [polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS)] microplastics were selected to investigate the sorption mechanism of fipronil based on their sorption kinetics and isotherms. The results indicated that the sorption rates of PLA and PBS were much higher than those of PE, PP, PVC and PS and that the sorption capacities of fipronil on microplastics followed the order of PBS > PLA > PP > PE > PS > PVC. The sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 = 0.953-0.998) for all tested microplastics. External mass transport and intraparticle diffusion were the main rate controlling steps of the sorption of fipronil on microplastics. Furthermore, isotherm results indicated that a Langmuir model provided the best fit for fipronil sorption on PE, PS, PVC and PP (R2 = 0.997-0.999), while a Freundlich model was the most appropriate model for PLA and PBS (R2 = 0.998-0.999). The presence of surface O-containing functional groups and the spatial arrangement of rubbery domains are likely to affect the sorption process. The results from this work suggest that microplastics, especially biodegradable ones, may play an important role in the fate and transport of pesticides, and their effects on soil organisms (e.g., earthworms) require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guannan Liu
- MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing, 100037, China.
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244
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Bradney L, Wijesekara H, Palansooriya KN, Obadamudalige N, Bolan NS, Ok YS, Rinklebe J, Kim KH, Kirkham MB. Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104937. [PMID: 31284110 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Particulate plastics in the terrestrial and aquatic environments are small plastic fragments or beads (i.e., 5 mm down to the nanometre range). They have been frequently referred to as 'micro-plastics' or 'nano-plastics'. Research has identified particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace elements in the environment. The adsorption of toxic trace elements by particulate plastics may be facilitated by their high surface area and functionalized surfaces (e.g., through the attachment of natural organic matter). Other factors, such as environmental conditions (e.g., pH and water salinity), surface charge, and trace element oxidation status, also influence the adsorption of trace elements onto particulate plastics. Because of their small size and persistence, particulate plastics and the associated toxic trace elements are readily ingested and accumulated in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, these plastics can have severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity, within aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Humans could also become exposed to particulate plastics through food chain contamination and airborne ingestion. This review provides an overview of the sources of particulate plastics in the environment. To this end, we describe particulate plastics made of synthetic polymers, their origin, and characteristics with emphasis on how particulate plastics and associated toxic trace elements contaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Future research needs and strategies are discussed to help reduce the environmental risks of particulate plastics as a potent vector for the transportation of toxic trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bradney
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadeeka Obadamudalige
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soil (Soil CRC), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy & Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Air Quality & Materials Application Lab, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5501, United States
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245
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Uber TH, Hüffer T, Planitz S, Schmidt TC. Sorption of non-ionic organic compounds by polystyrene in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:348-355. [PMID: 31125748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is a plastic material that is well known for its use in many different applications, e.g. as shock sensitive packaging. With its prevalence across society, PS contributes significantly to the overall plastic load in aqueous systems. Sorption of organic compounds by the plastics, especially micrometer-sized particles, in the environment has become a concern in the past years. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of sorption properties of PS, one of the major plastic pollutants in the aqueous environment. Batch experiments with PS film (29 μm thickness) were performed for 4 days using a diverse set of 24 sorbates to account for varying molecular properties like polarity or molecular volume. Isotherms were evaluated using different sorption models to elucidate the sorption process of PS. Sorption to PS film was non-linear and absorption into the bulk material was the dominant sorption mode. A clear discrimination between the specific and non-specific interactions in the aqueous environment could be shown. The non-linear sorption to PS was shown to be controlled by the molar volume but also by the polarizability/dipolarity parameter (S) of the ppLFER model. The latter is influenced by the aromatic π-π-interactions of PS with the sorbate. Similar to other plastics like polyethylene, sorption to PS is driven by hydrophobic interactions but phase descriptors of pristine PS were significantly different than descriptors for other environmental relevant plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias H Uber
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45657 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hüffer
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences, Environmental Science Research Network, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Research Platform Plastics in the Environment and Society (PLENTY), Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Planitz
- Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45657 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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246
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Naji A, Nuri M, Amiri P, Niyogi S. Small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in sediments of mangrove ecosystem on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:305-311. [PMID: 31426160 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of small microplastic particles (S-MPPs) in the sediments of mangrove ecosystem of Khor-e- Khoran, a Ramsar site in Iran. The spatial distribution of S-MPPs (<1 mm) in mangrove surface sediments were investigated, which provided new insights into the detection and composition of S-MPPs in the study area. S-MPPs were extracted via the air-induced overflow (AIO) extraction procedure, and then they were counted and categorized according to the particle shape, color and size. The mean number of S-MPPs at the five sampling sites ranged from 19.5 to 34.5 particles per kg dry sediment in Bandar Gelkan and Bandar Lengeh, respectively. In general, microfibres followed by fragments were the most common type of S-MPPs isolated in each site (>56% and ~35%, respectively). Sewage discharge is probably the main source of extracted fibres in almost all the sites. The observed S-MPPs were classified into two size groups (10-300 μm and 300-1000 μm). The majority of S-MPPs fell into the smallest size group which accounted for 70-97% of the total S-MPPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of some subsamples showed that polyethylene (PE) was the most common recovered polymer. Some non-plastic particles were also isolated from plastic-like particles of suspected S-MPPs in the mangrove sediments using a Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). This study provided the first evidence of S-MPPs contamination in the mangroves of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. Long-term studies are required to understand, monitor and prevent further microplastics pollution in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Mangrove Forest Research Centre, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Nuri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Department of Environment, Branch of Ilam Province, Ilam, Iran
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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247
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Fernández B, Albentosa M. Dynamic of small polyethylene microplastics (≤10 μm) in mussel's tissues. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:493-501. [PMID: 31426185 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MPs' uptake and tissue accumulation were investigated in mussel exposed to a single dose (2.85 mg ind-1, 3 mg l-1) of a heterogeneous mixture of irregularly shaped particles of HDPE (mainly ≤10 μm), followed by a 7 days depuration period. The results showed that mussels efficiently cleared MPs from water during exposure, and that MPs were accumulated in digestive gland and gills during depuration. In digestive gland, the amount and size of the MPs accumulated decreased with time, indicating a slower processing and elimination of small MPs than of larger ones. In gills, MPs' burdens increased with time, the MPs accumulated were the smallest ones, suggesting the translocation of small MPs from the digestive system to the gills. The hazardous potential of the smaller fraction of MPs (≤4 μm) underlined that more focus should be directed towards the accumulation and effects of this fraction of MPs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, C/ Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain.
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, C/ Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
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248
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Purba NP, Handyman DIW, Pribadi TD, Syakti AD, Pranowo WS, Harvey A, Ihsan YN. Marine debris in Indonesia: A review of research and status. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:134-144. [PMID: 31426141 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the status as the world's top contributor of marine plastic debris, Indonesia has committed to reduce marine plastic debris up to 70% in 2025 by establishing the National Action Plan (NAP) on Marine Debris. The high amount of marine plastic debris as a result of transport and accumulation become a complex issue in Indonesia due to its ocean-atmospheric circulation, high population of coastal communities, and marine activities. Based on our findings, there are gap of publications related to marine debris in Indonesia that had been already published. Marine debris is ubiquitous and transboundary, as they were found in marine environment and transported by currents to various direction including uninhabited islands, thus, we propose more comprehensive future research about the impact of marine debris on ecosystem (e.g. biological impact of organisms in the water column, ecological alteration in distribution pattern, and invasive species), human health, and economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noir P Purba
- Marine Research Laboratory (MEAL), University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
| | | | - Tri D Pribadi
- Biology Department, University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Agung D Syakti
- Marine Science and Fishery Faculty, University of Raja Ali Haji Maritime, Indonesia
| | - Widodo S Pranowo
- Marine and Coastal Data Laboratory, Ministry of Marine and Fishery Affairs, Indonesia
| | | | - Yudi N Ihsan
- Marine Research Laboratory (MEAL), University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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249
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Gerigny O, Brun M, Fabri MC, Tomasino C, Le Moigne M, Jadaud A, Galgani F. Seafloor litter from the continental shelf and canyons in French Mediterranean Water: Distribution, typologies and trends. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:653-666. [PMID: 31426205 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seafloor litter has been studied both on the continental shelves (by trawling during 24 years) and in canyons (by ROV) of the French Mediterranean sea Water (FMW). On the continental shelf, mean densities range from 49.63 to 289.01 items/km2. The most abundant categories were plastic, glass/ceramics, metals and textiles. Trend analysis shows a significant increase in plastic quantities during the study period. Plastics accumulate at all depths, with heavier items being found in deeper areas, while the continental slope-break appears as a clean area. The spatial distribution of litter revealed the influence of geomorphologic factors, anthropic activities, shipping route, river inputs. All the canyons are affected by debris but coastal canyons (Ligurian Sea and Corsica) were more impacted than offshore canyons in the Gulf of Lion. The FMW appears to be highly polluted with regard to values found in other areas, but lower than those observed in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gerigny
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, LER/PAC, France.
| | - M Brun
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Atlantique, VIGIES, France
| | - M C Fabri
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, LER/PAC, France
| | - C Tomasino
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, LER/PAC, France
| | - M Le Moigne
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Atlantique, VIGIES, France
| | - A Jadaud
- MARBEC, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France
| | - F Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, LER/PAC, France
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250
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Salvaggio A, Tiralongo F, Krasakopoulou E, Marmara D, Giovos I, Crupi R, Messina G, Lombardo BM, Marzullo A, Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Copat C, Zuccarello P, Ferrante M, Brundo MV. Biomarkers of Exposure to Chemical Contamination in the Commercial Fish Species Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788): A Particular Focus on Plastic Additives. Front Physiol 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31379607 PMCID: PMC6646597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the Mediterranean Sea has become an accumulation zone for waste generated by the 22 countries bordering its shores. Although the effects of plastic litter on the marine environment and on organisms have recently been studied in other areas, further information is needed for the Mediterranean Sea and, in particular, about plastics additives inputs and interactions with the biota and the trophic network, such as phthalates and bisphenol A. Plastic material production, use and disposal contribute also to the release of heavy metals into the environment, such as mercury (Hg), often used during the production of chlorine, the primary ingredient in PVC, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are used as stabilizers in PVC and leach out of products during use and disposal. Our research aims to evaluate phthalates, bisphenol A and heavy metals contamination in Lepidopus caudatus (Pisces, Trichiuridae), which could be considered as a potential sentinel species. For the evaluation of toxicological effects, we evaluated the expression of vitellogenin and metallothioneins 1. In all samples analyzed, we have not found microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract but chemical analysis revealed the presence of high content of phthalates, and in particular high quantities of DIDP, DEHP, bis-benzylester phthalate, bis-butyl ester phthalate and mono-N-butyl ester phthalate in different organs. Instead, trace elements detected in tissue revealed a trend of concentrations generally higher in liver and intestine than gill and muscle tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis for anti-metallothionein 1 antibody showed a strong positivity of liver cells, both in females and males. Analysis for the anti-vitellogenin antibody showed in females a strong positivity both in the liver cells and in the gonads, in male specimens was found to be always negative except for a specimen, in which it was highlighted a positivity in some areas of the liver and of the gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Salvaggio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily A. Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Dimitra Marmara
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giovos
- iSEA, Environmental Organization for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems Ochi Av., Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marzullo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgery Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G. F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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