201
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Shields CW, Wang LLW, Evans MA, Mitragotri S. Materials for Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901633. [PMID: 31250498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in materials engineering have accelerated the progress of immunotherapy in preclinical studies. The interplay of chemistry and materials has resulted in improved loading, targeting, and release of immunomodulatory agents. An overview of the materials that are used to enable or improve the success of immunotherapies in preclinical studies is presented, from immunosuppressive to proinflammatory strategies, with particular emphasis on technologies poised for clinical translation. The materials are organized based on their characteristic length scale, whereby the enabling feature of each technology is organized by the structure of that material. For example, the mechanisms by which i) nanoscale materials can improve targeting and infiltration of immunomodulatory payloads into tissues and cells, ii) microscale materials can facilitate cell-mediated transport and serve as artificial antigen-presenting cells, and iii) macroscale materials can form the basis of artificial microenvironments to promote cell infiltration and reprogramming are discussed. As a step toward establishing a set of design rules for future immunotherapies, materials that intrinsically activate or suppress the immune system are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the trajectory of these systems and how they may be improved to address unsolved challenges in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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202
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Han Z, Lv W, Li Y, Chang J, Zhang W, Liu C, Sun J. Improving Tumor Targeting of Exosomal Membrane-Coated Polymeric Nanoparticles by Conjugation with Aptamers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2666-2673. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Wenxing Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yike Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jianqiao Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai 200062, China
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203
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Lu M, Huang Y. Bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119925. [PMID: 32151860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as appealing candidate therapeutic agents and delivery nanoplatforms due to their endogenous features and unique biological properties. However, obstacles such as low isolation yield, considerable complexity and potential safety concerns, and inefficient drug payload substantially hamper their therapeutic applicability. To this end, developing bioinspired exosome-like nanoparticles has become a promising area to overcome certain limitations of their natural counterparts. Synthetically fabrication of exosome-like nanoparticles that harbor only crucial components of exosomes through controllable protocols strongly increases the pharmaceutical acceptability of these vesicles. Assembly of exosome-like nanovesicles derived from producer cells allows for a promising strategy for scale-up production. To improve the loading capability and delivery efficiency of exosomes, hybrid exosome-like nanovesicles and membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles towards better bridging synthetic nanocarriers with natural exosomes could be designed. Building off these observations, herein, efforts are made to give an overview of bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. We briefly recapitulate the recent advance in exosome biology with focus on tailoring exosomes as therapeutics and delivery vehicles. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the biomimicry methodologies for preparation of exosome-like nanoparticles with special emphasis on offering insights into strategies for rational design of exosome-like biomaterials as effective and safe therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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204
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Guo Z, Richardson JJ, Kong B, Liang K. Nanobiohybrids: Materials approaches for bioaugmentation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0330. [PMID: 32206719 PMCID: PMC7080450 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiohybrids, synthesized by integrating functional nanomaterials with living systems, have emerged as an exciting branch of research at the interface of materials engineering and biological science. Nanobiohybrids use synthetic nanomaterials to impart organisms with emergent properties outside their scope of evolution. Consequently, they endow new or augmented properties that are either innate or exogenous, such as enhanced tolerance against stress, programmed metabolism and proliferation, artificial photosynthesis, or conductivity. Advances in new materials design and processing technologies made it possible to tailor the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials coupled with the biological systems. To date, many different types of nanomaterials have been integrated with various biological systems from simple biomolecules to complex multicellular organisms. Here, we provide a critical overview of recent developments of nanobiohybrids that enable new or augmented biological functions that show promise in high-tech applications across many disciplines, including energy harvesting, biocatalysis, biosensing, medicine, and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph J. Richardson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (B.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Corresponding author. (B.K.); (K.L.)
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205
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Ren L, Lv J, Wang H, Cheng Y. A Coordinative Dendrimer Achieves Excellent Efficiency in Cytosolic Protein and Peptide Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4711-4719. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologySchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jia Lv
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologySchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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206
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Ren L, Lv J, Wang H, Cheng Y. A Coordinative Dendrimer Achieves Excellent Efficiency in Cytosolic Protein and Peptide Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologySchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jia Lv
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologySchool of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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207
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Gao P, Shi M, Wei R, Pan W, Liu X, Li N, Tang B. A biomimetic MOF nanoreactor enables synergistic suppression of intracellular defense systems for augmented tumor ablation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:924-927. [PMID: 31850458 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A homotypic cancer cell membrane camouflaged MOF-based nanoreactor with the photothermal-starvation effect has been developed for synergistic suppression of intracellular defensive systems for enhanced cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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208
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Passion fruit-like exosome-PMA/Au-BSA@Ce6 nanovehicles for real-time fluorescence imaging and enhanced targeted photodynamic therapy with deep penetration and superior retention behavior in tumor. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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209
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Afreen S, He Z, Xiao Y, Zhu JJ. Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks in detecting cancer biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1338-1349. [PMID: 31999289 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Following the efficient performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as recognition elements in gas sensors, biosensors based on MOFs are now being investigated to capture and quantify potential cancer biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), nucleic acids and proteins. The current status of MOF-based biosensors in the detection of early stages of cancer is in its infancy, although it has significantly emerged since the beginning of this decade. That said, salient research has been conducted in the past five years to utilize the distinctive porous crystalline structure of MOFs for highly sensitive and selective detection of cancer biomarkers. In this pursual, MOFs designed with bimetallic assembly, doped with magnetic nanoparticles, coated with polymers, and even conjugated with peptides or oligonucleotides have shown promising outcomes in detecting CTCs, nucleic acids and proteins. In particular, aptamer-conjugated MOFs are able to perform at a lower limit of detection down to the femtomolar, implying their efficacy for the point of care testing in clinical trials. In this way, aptasensors based on aptamer-conjugated MOFs present a newer sub-branch, to be coined as a MOFTA sensor in the current review. Considering the emerging progress and promising outcomes of MOFTA sensors as well as a variety of MOF-based techniques of detecting cancer biomarkers, this review will highlight their significant advances and related aspects in the recent five years on the context of detecting CTCs, nucleic acids and proteins for the early-stage detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afreen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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210
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Soprano E, Alvarez A, Pelaz B, del Pino P, Polo E. Plasmonic Cell‐Derived Nanocomposites for Light‐Controlled Cargo Release inside Living Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900260. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Soprano
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Física de PartículasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Aitor Alvarez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Física de PartículasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Física de PartículasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Pablo del Pino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Física de PartículasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ester Polo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Física de PartículasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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211
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Wang D, Wu H, Phua SZF, Yang G, Qi Lim W, Gu L, Qian C, Wang H, Guo Z, Chen H, Zhao Y. Self-assembled single-atom nanozyme for enhanced photodynamic therapy treatment of tumor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:357. [PMID: 31953423 PMCID: PMC6969186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia of solid tumor compromises the therapeutic outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that relies on localized O2 molecules to produce highly cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) species. Herein, we present a safe and versatile self-assembled PDT nanoagent, i.e., OxgeMCC-r single-atom enzyme (SAE), consisting of single-atom ruthenium as the active catalytic site anchored in a metal-organic framework Mn3[Co(CN)6]2 with encapsulated chlorin e6 (Ce6), which serves as a catalase-like nanozyme for oxygen generation. Coordination-driven self-assembly of organic linkers and metal ions in the presence of a biocompatible polymer generates a nanoscale network that adaptively encapsulates Ce6. The resulted OxgeMCC-r SAE possesses well-defined morphology, uniform size distribution and high loading capacity. When conducting the in situ O2 generation through the reaction between endogenous H2O2 and single-atom Ru species of OxgeMCC-r SAE, the hypoxia in tumor microenvironment is relieved. Our study demonstrates a promising self-assembled nanozyme with highly efficient single-atom catalytic sites for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Huihui Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Soo Zeng Fiona Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Guangbao Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Qi Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Haibao Wang
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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212
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Chen G, Kou X, Huang S, Tong L, Shen Y, Zhu W, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Modulating the Biofunctionality of Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Encapsulated Enzymes through Controllable Embedding Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Siming Huang
- Department of RadiologySun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Linjing Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yujian Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Wangshu Zhu
- Department of RadiologySun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Chemistry CollegeCenter of Advanced Analysis and Gene SequencingZhengzhou University Kexue Avenue 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
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213
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Chen G, Kou X, Huang S, Tong L, Shen Y, Zhu W, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Modulating the Biofunctionality of Metal-Organic-Framework-Encapsulated Enzymes through Controllable Embedding Patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2867-2874. [PMID: 31749284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Embedding an enzyme within a MOF as exoskeleton (enzyme@MOF) offers new opportunities to improve the inherent fragile nature of the enzyme, but also to impart novel biofunctionality to the MOF. Despite the remarkable stability achieved for MOF-embedded enzymes, embedding patterns and conversion of the enzymatic biofunctionality after entrapment by a MOF have only received limited attention. Herein, we reveal how embedding patterns affect the bioactivity of an enzyme encapsulated in ZIF-8. The enzyme@MOF can maintain high activity when the encapsulation process is driven by rapid enzyme-triggered nucleation of ZIF-8. When the encapsulation is driven by slow coprecipitation and the enzymes are not involved in the nucleation of ZIF-8, enzyme@MOF tends to be inactive owing to unfolding and competing coordination caused by the ligand, 2-methyl imidazole. These two embedding patterns can easily be controlled by chemical modification of the amino acids of the enzymes, modulating their biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Siming Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Linjing Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yujian Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wangshu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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214
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Li Y, Song Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Hou J, Feng X, Zhu W. MOF nanoparticles with encapsulated dihydroartemisinin as a controlled drug delivery system for enhanced cancer therapy and mechanism analysis. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7382-7389. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of (a) the preparation of DHA@ZIF-8 NPs and (b) their application for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Song
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- P. R. China
| | | | | | - Wenhe Zhu
- Jilin Medical University
- Jilin 132013
- P. R. China
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215
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Zhang S, Cheng Y. Boronic acid-engineered gold nanoparticles for cytosolic protein delivery. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3741-3750. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acid-engineered gold nanoparticles for effective cytosolic protein delivery with the help of hypertonicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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216
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Susa F, Limongi T, Dumontel B, Vighetto V, Cauda V. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1979. [PMID: 31835327 PMCID: PMC6966613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (F.S.); (T.L.); (B.D.); (V.V.)
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217
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Liu W, Pan Y, Xiao W, Xu H, Liu D, Ren F, Peng X, Liu J. Recent developments on zinc(ii) metal-organic framework nanocarriers for physiological pH-responsive drug delivery. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2038-2051. [PMID: 32206240 PMCID: PMC7069377 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The high storage capacities and excellent biocompatibilities of zinc(ii) metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOFs) have made them outstanding candidates as drug delivery carriers. Recent studies on the pH-responsive processes based on carrier-drug interactions have proven them to be the most efficient and effective way to control the release profiles of drugs. To satisfy the ever-growing demand in cancer therapy, great efforts are being devoted to the development of methods to precisely control drug release and achieve targeted use of an active substance at the right time and place. In this review article, we discuss the diverse stimuli based on Zn-MOFs carriers that have been achieved upon external activation from single pH-stimulus-responsive or/and multiple pH-stimuli-responsive viewpoints. Also, the perspectives and future challenges in this type of carrier system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology , Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University and School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , 523808 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 769 22896560
| | - Ying Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology , Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University and School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , 523808 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 769 22896560
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory , Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research , School of Public Health , Southern Medical University , Guangdong , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Hongjia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology , Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University and School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , 523808 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 769 22896560
| | - Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Huachuang Bio-pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. , Shenzhen 518112 , China .
| | - Fei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology , Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University and School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , 523808 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 769 22896560
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology , Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials of Guangdong Medical University and School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan , 523808 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 769 22896560
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Rui Y, Wilson DR, Choi J, Varanasi M, Sanders K, Karlsson J, Lim M, Green JJ. Carboxylated branched poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles enable robust cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay3255. [PMID: 31840076 PMCID: PMC6897553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient cytosolic protein delivery is necessary to fully realize the potential of protein therapeutics. Current methods of protein delivery often suffer from low serum tolerance and limited in vivo efficacy. Here, we report the synthesis and validation of a previously unreported class of carboxylated branched poly(β-amino ester)s that can self-assemble into nanoparticles for efficient intracellular delivery of a variety of different proteins. In vitro, nanoparticles enabled rapid cellular uptake, efficient endosomal escape, and functional cytosolic protein release into cells in media containing 10% serum. Moreover, nanoparticles encapsulating CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) induced robust levels of gene knock-in (4%) and gene knockout (>75%) in several cell types. A single intracranial administration of nanoparticles delivering a low RNP dose (3.5 pmol) induced robust gene editing in mice bearing engineered orthotopic murine glioma tumors. This self-assembled polymeric nanocarrier system enables a versatile protein delivery and gene editing platform for biological research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahita Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katie Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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219
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Zheng F, Wang C, Meng T, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Shen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li J, Min Q, Chen J, Zhu JJ. Outer-Frame-Degradable Nanovehicles Featuring Near-Infrared Dual Luminescence for in Vivo Tracking of Protein Delivery in Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12577-12590. [PMID: 31657911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of cargo protein delivery is critical for understanding the pharmacological efficacies and mechanisms during cancer therapy, but it still remains a formidable challenge because of the difficulty in observing nonfluorescent proteins at high resolution and sensitivity. Here we report an outer-frame-degradable nanovehicle featuring near-infrared (NIR) dual luminescence for real-time tracking of protein delivery in vivo. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and fluorophore-doped degradable macroporous silica (DS) with spectral overlap were coupled to form a core-shell nanostructure as a therapeutic protein nanocarrier, which was eventually enveloped with a hyaluronic acid (HA) shell to prevent protein leakage and for recognizing tumor sites. The DS layer served as both a container to accommodate the therapeutic proteins and a filter to attenuate upconversion luminescence (UCL) of the inner UCNPs. After the nanovehicles selectively accumulated at tumor sites and entered cancer cells, intracellular hyaluronidase (HAase) digested the outermost HA protective shell and initiated the outer frame degradation-induced protein release and UCL restoration of UCNPs in the intracellular environment. Significantly, the biodistribution of the nanovehicles can be traced at the 710 nm NIR fluorescence channel of DS, whereas the protein release can be monitored at the 660 nm NIR fluorescence channel of UCNPs. Real-time tracking of protein delivery and release was achieved in vitro and in vivo by NIR fluorescence imaging. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies manifest that the protein cytochrome c-loaded nanovehicles exhibited excellent cancer therapeutic efficacy. This nanoplatform assembled by the outer-frame-degradable nanovehicles featuring NIR dual luminescence not only advances our understanding of where, when, and how therapeutic proteins take effect in vivo but also provides a universal route for visualizing the translocation of other bioactive macromolecules in cancer treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu 212003 , China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Liu C, Zhang W, Li Y, Chang J, Tian F, Zhao F, Ma Y, Sun J. Microfluidic Sonication To Assemble Exosome Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Immune Evasion-Mediated Targeting. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7836-7844. [PMID: 31597431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Using natural membranes to coat nanoparticles (NPs) provides an efficient means to reduce the immune clearance of NPs and improve their tumor-specific targeting. However, fabrication of these drug-loaded biomimetic NPs, such as exosome membrane (EM)- or cancer cell membrane (CCM)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs, remains a challenging task owing to the heterogeneous nature of biomembranes and labor-intensive procedures. Herein, we report a microfluidic sonication approach to produce EM-, CCM-, and lipid-coated PLGA NPs encapsulated with imaging agents in a one-step and straightforward manner. Tumor cell-derived EM-coated PLGA NPs consisting of both endosomal and plasma membrane proteins show superior homotypic targeting as compared to CCM-PLGA NPs of similar sizes and core-shell structures in both in vitro and in vivo models. The underlying mechanism is associated with a significantly reduced uptake of EM-PLGA NPs by macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes, revealing an immune evasion-mediated targeting of EM-PLGA NPs to homologous tumors. Overall, this work illustrates the promise of using microfluidic sonication approach to fabricate biomimetic NPs for better biocompatibility and targeting efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
| | - Yike Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
| | - Jianqiao Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Fei Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
| | - Fanghao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100149 , China
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221
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Zhang R, Qiao C, Jia Q, Wang Y, Huang H, Chang W, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang Z. Highly Stable and Long-Circulating Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanoprobes for Sensitive Tumor Detection In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900761. [PMID: 31368240 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High stability and extended circulation time in vivo are quite favorable for practical biomedical applications of nanomaterials, because they greatly facilitate the preferential tumor accumulation of nanomaterials, resulting in enhanced signal fidelity for imaging and improved therapeutic effect for treatment. Although many surface modification approaches have been employed to improve the stability and circulating behavior of nanomaterials, it still remains challenging in acquiring stable and long-lasting nanomaterials for in vivo bioimaging and therapy, especially for nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) due to their intrinsic instability in physiological conditions. Herein, a facile, one-step strategy is reported to encapsulate the zirconium (Zr)-based NMOF UiO-66 within 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA) lipid bilayer (DOPA-LB). Contrary to UiO-66 NMOFs functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the obtained UiO-66@DOPA-LB presents significantly enhanced stability and impressive blood circulation time, allowing a higher accumulation of UiO-66@DOPA-LB in the tumor tissue. Benefited from these meritorious features, UiO-66@DOPA-LB labeled with near-infrared dye, IRDye 800CW, can not only achieve highly sensitive imaging of breast cancer tumor (5 mm), but also exhibits superior capability for early tumor (1-2 mm) detection. This study enriches the surface modification approach of NMOFs, and is of great importance for practical application of NMOFs in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Chaoqiang Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Qian Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Wanwan Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - He Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular‐ and Neuro‐Imaging of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
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222
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Lv J, Fan Q, Wang H, Cheng Y. Polymers for cytosolic protein delivery. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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223
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Lim WQ, Phua SZF, Zhao Y. Redox-Responsive Polymeric Nanocomplex for Delivery of Cytotoxic Protein and Chemotherapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31638-31648. [PMID: 31389684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsive delivery of anticancer proteins into cells is an emerging field in biological therapeutics. Currently, the delivery of proteins is highly compromised by multiple successive physiological barriers that reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Hence, there is a need to design a robust and sustainable nanocarrier to provide suitable protection of proteins and overcome the physiological barriers for better cellular accumulation. In this work, polyethylenimine (PEI) cross-linked by oxaliplatin(IV) prodrug (oxliPt(IV)) was used to fabricate a redox-responsive nanocomplex (PEI-oxliPt(IV)@RNBC/GOD) for the delivery of a reactive oxygen species-cleavable, reversibly caged RNase A protein (i.e., RNase A nitrophenylboronic conjugate, RNBC) and glucose oxidase (GOD) in order to realize efficient cancer treatment. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by GOD can uncage and restore the enzymatic activity of RNBC. On account of the responsiveness of the nanocomplex to highly reducing cellular environment, it would dissociate and release the protein and active oxaliplatin drug, causing cell death by both catalyzing RNA degradation and inhibiting DNA synthesis. As assessed by the RNA degradation assay, the activity of the encapsulated RNBC was recovered by the catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from GOD and glucose substrate overexpressed in cancer cells. Monitoring of the changes in nanoparticle size confirmed that the nanocomplex could dissociate in the reducing environment, with the release of active oxaliplatin drug and protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry analysis revealed highly efficient accumulation of the nanocomplex as compared to free native proteins. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using 4T1 cancer cells showed ∼80% cell killing efficacy, with highly efficient apoptosis induction. Assisted by the cationic polymeric carrier, it was evident from CLSM images that intracellular delivery of the therapeutic protein significantly depleted the RNA level. Thus, this work provides a promising platform for the delivery of therapeutic proteins and chemotherapeutic drugs for efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Lim
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Soo Zeng Fiona Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
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224
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Zhang L, Li Y, Ying Y, Fu Y. Recent advances in fabrication strategies and protein preservation application of protein-nanomaterial hybrids: Integration and synergy. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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225
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Mousavi M, Hakimian S, Mustafa TA, Aziz FM, Salihi A, Ale-Ebrahim M, Mirpour M, Rasti B, Akhtari K, Shahpasand K, Abou-Zied OK, Falahati M. The interaction of silica nanoparticles with catalase and human mesenchymal stem cells: biophysical, theoretical and cellular studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5355-5368. [PMID: 31409992 PMCID: PMC6643057 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Nanoparticles (NPs) have been receiving potential interests in protein delivery and cell therapy. As a matter of fact, NPs may be used as great candidates in promoting cell therapy by catalase (CAT) delivery into high oxidative stress tissues. However, for using NPs like SiO2 as carriers, the interaction of NPs with proteins and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) should be explored in advance. Methods In the present study, the interaction of SiO2 NPs with CAT and human MSCs (hMSCs) was explored by various spectroscopic methods (fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), UV-visible), molecular docking and dynamics studies, and cellular (MTT, cellular morphology, cellular uptake, lactate dehydrogenase, ROS, caspase-3, flow cytometry) assays. Results Fluorescence study displayed that both dynamic and static quenching mechanisms and hydrophobic interactions are involved in the spontaneous interaction of SiO2 NPs with CAT. CD spectra indicated that native structure of CAT remains stable after interaction with SiO2 NPs. UV-visible study also revealed that the kinetic parameters of CAT such as Km, Vmax, Kcat, and enzyme efficiency were not changed after the addition of SiO2 NPs. Molecular docking and dynamics studies showed that Si and SiO2 clusters interact with hydrophobic residues of CAT and SiO2 cluster causes minor changes in the CAT structure at a total simulation time of 200 ps. Cellular assays depicted that SiO2 NPs induce significant cell mortality, change in cellular morphology, cellular internalization, ROS elevation, and apoptosis in hMSCs at higher concentration than 100 µg/mL (170 µM). Conclusion The current results suggest that low concentrations of SiO2 NPs induce no substantial change or mortality against CAT and hMSCs, and potentially useful carriers in CAT delivery to hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mousavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hakimian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Twana Ahmed Mustafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Falah Mohammad Aziz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahsa Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirsasan Mirpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Osama K Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Postal Code 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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226
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Zhang J, Lin Y, Zhou H, He H, Ma J, Luo M, Zhang Z, Pang D. Cell Membrane-Camouflaged NIR II Fluorescent Ag 2 Te Quantum Dots-Based Nanobioprobes for Enhanced In Vivo Homotypic Tumor Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900341. [PMID: 31125518 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of fluorescence bioimaging in the second near-infrared (NIR II, 1000-1700 nm) window are well known; however, current NIR II fluorescent probes for in vivo tumor imaging still have many shortcomings, such as low fluorescence efficiency, unstable performance under in vivo environments, and inefficient enrichment at tumor sites. In this study, Ag2 Te quantum dots (QDs) that emit light at a wavelength of 1300 nm are assembled with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and further encapsulated within cancer cell membranes to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above. The as-prepared ≈100 nm biomimetic nanobioprobes exhibit ultrabright (≈60 times greater than that of free Ag2 Te QDs) and highly stable (≈97% maintenance after laser radiation for 1 h) fluorescence in the NIR II window. By combining the active homotypic tumor targeting capability derived from the source cell membrane with the passive enhanced permeation and retention effect, improved accumulation at tumor sites ((31 ± 2)% injection dose per gram of tumor) and a high tumor-to-normal tissue ratio (13.3 ± 0.7) are achieved. In summary, a new biomimetic NIR II fluorescent nanobioprobe with ultrabright and stable fluorescence, homotypic targeting and good biocompatibility for enhanced in vivo tumor imaging is developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - He He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Yao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Dai‐Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of VirologyThe Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of BiotechnologyWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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227
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Zhang J, He M, Nie C, He M, Pan Q, Liu C, Hu Y, Yi J, Chen T, Chu X. Biomineralized Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles Enable Enzymatic Rolling Circle Amplification in Living Cells for Ultrasensitive MicroRNA Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9049-9057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunpeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manman He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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228
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Liu B, Hu F, Zhang J, Wang C, Li L. A Biomimetic Coordination Nanoplatform for Controlled Encapsulation and Delivery of Drug–Gene Combinations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8804-8808. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Feng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Congli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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229
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Liu B, Hu F, Zhang J, Wang C, Li L. A Biomimetic Coordination Nanoplatform for Controlled Encapsulation and Delivery of Drug–Gene Combinations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Feng Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Congli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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230
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Gao S, Hou J, Deng Z, Wang T, Beyer S, Buzanich AG, Richardson JJ, Rawal A, Seidel R, Zulkifli MY, Li W, Bennett TD, Cheetham AK, Liang K, Chen V. Improving the Acidic Stability of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by Biofunctional Molecules. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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231
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Liu C, Wan T, Wang H, Zhang S, Ping Y, Cheng Y. A boronic acid-rich dendrimer with robust and unprecedented efficiency for cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw8922. [PMID: 31206027 PMCID: PMC6561739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery is of central importance for the development of protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics; however, efficient intracellular delivery of native proteins remains a challenge. Here, we reported a boronic acid-rich dendrimer with unprecedented efficiency for cytosolic delivery of native proteins. The dendrimer could bind with both negatively and positively charged proteins and efficiently delivered 13 cargo proteins into the cytosol of living cells. All the delivered proteins kept their bioactivities after cytosolic delivery. The dendrimer ensures efficient intracellular delivery of Cas9 protein into various cell lines and showed high efficiency in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. The rationally designed boronic acid-rich dendrimer permits the development of an efficient platform with high generality for the delivery of native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Wan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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232
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Sun L, Xu Y, Gao Y, Huang X, Feng S, Chen J, Wang X, Guo L, Li M, Meng X, Zhang J, Ge J, An X, Ding D, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Ning X. Synergistic Amplification of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Antitumor Activity via Liposomal Dichloroacetic Acid and MOF-Fe 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901156. [PMID: 31074196 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are susceptible to oxidative stress; therefore, selective elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered as an effective antitumor treatment. Here, a liposomal formulation of dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and metal-organic framework (MOF)-Fe2+ (MD@Lip) has been developed, which can efficiently stimulate ROS-mediated cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. MD@Lip can not only improve aqueous solubility of octahedral MOF-Fe2+ , but also generate an acidic microenvironment to activate a MOF-Fe2+ -based Fenton reaction. Importantly, MD@Lip promotes DCA-mediated mitochondrial aerobic oxidation to increase intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which can be consequently converted to highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via MOF-Fe2+ , leading to amplification of cancer cell apoptosis. Particularly, MD@Lip can selectively accumulate in tumors, and efficiently inhibit tumor growth with minimal systemic adverse effects. Therefore, liposome-based combination therapy of DCA and MOF-Fe2+ provides a promising oxidative stress-associated antitumor strategy for the management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ya Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, Center of Advanced Pharmaceutics and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jikang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junliang Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xueying An
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dang Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yadong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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233
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Chu C, Su M, Zhu J, Li D, Cheng H, Chen X, Liu G. Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticle-Based Biomineralization: A New Strategy toward Cancer Treatment. Theranostics 2019; 9:3134-3149. [PMID: 31244946 PMCID: PMC6567975 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment using functional proteins, DNA/RNA, or complex bio-entities is important in both preclinical and clinical studies. With the help of nano-delivery systems, these biomacromolecules can enrich cancer tissues to match the clinical requirements. Biomineralization via a self-assembly process has been widely applied to provide biomacromolecules exoskeletal-like protection for immune shielding and preservation of bioactivity. Advanced metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MOFs) are excellent supporting matrices due to the low toxicity of polycarboxylic acids and metals, high encapsulation efficiency, and moderate synthetic conditions. In this review, we study MOFs-based biomineralization for cancer treatment and summarize the unique properties of MOF hybrids. We also evaluate the outlook of potential cancer treatment applications for MOFs-based biomineralization. This strategy likely opens new research orientations for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health Xiamen, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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234
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An H, Li M, Gao J, Zhang Z, Ma S, Chen Y. Incorporation of biomolecules in Metal-Organic Frameworks for advanced applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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235
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Zheng M, Huang M, Ma X, Chen H, Gao X. Harnessing Exosomes for the Development of Brain Drug Delivery Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:994-1005. [PMID: 30855944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain drug delivery is one of the most important bottlenecks in the development of drugs for the central nervous system. Cumulative evidence has emerged that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. Exosomes, a subgroup of EVs, have received the most attention due to their capability in mediating the horizontal transfer of their bioactive inclusions to neighboring and distant cells, and thus specifically regulating the physiological and pathological functions of the recipient cells. This native and unique signaling mechanism confers exosomes with great potential to be developed into an effective, precise, and safe drug delivery system. Here, we provide an overview into the challenges of brain drug delivery and the function of exosomes in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, and discuss how these natural vesicles could be harnessed for brain drug delivery and for the therapy of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
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236
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Rui Y, Wilson DR, Green JJ. Non-Viral Delivery To Enable Genome Editing. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:281-293. [PMID: 30278987 PMCID: PMC6378131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein system have revolutionized biological research. Each biotechnology consists of a DNA-binding protein that can be programmed to recognize and initiate double-strand breaks (DSBs) for site-specific gene modification. These technologies have the potential to be harnessed to cure diseases caused by aberrant gene expression. To be successful therapeutically, their functionality depends on their safe and efficient delivery into the cell nucleus. This review discusses the challenges in the delivery of genome-editing tools, and highlights recent innovations in non-viral delivery that have potential to overcome these limitations and advance the translation of genome editing towards patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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237
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Yang X, Tang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Wang M, Mao L. Nanoscale ATP-Responsive Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-90 as a General Platform for Cytosolic Protein Delivery and Genome Editing. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3782-3786. [PMID: 30722666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of nanocarriers for drug delivery, owing to their tunable chemical functionality. Here we report ATP-responsive zeolitic imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) as a general platform for cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The self-assembly of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and Zn2+ with protein forms ZIF-90/protein nanoparticles and efficiently encapsulates protein. It was found that, in the presence of ATP, the ZIF-90/protein nanoparticles are degraded to release protein due to the competitive coordination between ATP and the Zn2+ of ZIF-90. Intracellular delivery studies showed that the ZIF-90/protein nanoparticle can deliver a large variety of proteins into the cytosol, regardless of protein size and molecular weight. The delivery of cytotoxic RNase A efficiently prohibits tumor cell growth, while the effective delivery of genome-editing protein Cas9 knocks out the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of HeLa cells with efficiency up to 35%. Given the fact that ATP is upregulated in disease cells, it is envisaged that the ATP-responsive protein delivery will open up new opportunities for an advanced protein delivery and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for targeted disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoti Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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238
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Chen G, Huang S, Kou X, Wei S, Huang S, Jiang S, Shen J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. A Convenient and Versatile Amino‐Acid‐Boosted Biomimetic Strategy for the Nondestructive Encapsulation of Biomacromolecules within Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1463-1467. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Siming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Songbo Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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239
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Tang W, Fan W, Lau J, Deng L, Shen Z, Chen X. Emerging blood–brain-barrier-crossing nanotechnology for brain cancer theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2967-3014. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advancements, perspectives, and challenges in blood–brain-barrier (BBB)-crossing nanotechnology for effective brain tumor delivery and highly efficient brain cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Liming Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Bethesda
- USA
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240
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Ding GB, Wu G, Li B, Yang P, Li Z. High-yield expression in Escherichia coli, biophysical characterization, and biological evaluation of plant toxin gelonin. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:19. [PMID: 30622857 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelonin is a plant toxin that exerts potent cytotoxic activity by inactivation of the 60S ribosomal subunit. The high-level expression of soluble gelonin still remains a great challenge and there was no detailed biophysical analysis of gelonin from Escherichia coli (E. coli) yet. In this study, the soluble and high-yield expression of recombinant gelonin (rGel) was achieved in E. coli BL21 (DE3) for the first time, with a yield of 6.03 mg/L medium. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that rGel consisted of 21.7% α-helix, 26.3% β-sheet, 18.5% β-turn, and 32.3% random coil, and it could maintain its secondary structure up to 60 °C. The antitumor activity of rGel was evaluated in two colon cancer cell lines-HCT116 and HCT-8, and it was clearly demonstrated that rGel exerted antiproliferative activity against these two cell lines by inhibiting cellular protein synthesis. These findings provide insights for researchers involved in the expression of similar biotoxins, and the biophysical characterizations of gelonin will favor its further therapeutic applications.
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241
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Duan D, Liu H, Xu M, Chen M, Han Y, Shi Y, Liu Z. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Drug-Loaded Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework in Aqueous Solution and Size Effect on Their Cancer Theranostics in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42165-42174. [PMID: 30457318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers have shown great potential for drug delivery, yet little has been done to study how particle size affects their tumor targeting and other in vivo features. This plight is probably due to two challenges: (1) the lack of a biocompatible method to precisely control the size of drug-loaded MOFs and (2) the lack of a robust and facile radiolabeling technique to trace particles in vivo. Here, we report a one-pot, rapid, and completely aqueous approach that can precisely tune the size of drug-loaded MOF at room temperature. A chelator-free 64Cu-labeled method was developed by taking the advantage of this rapid and aqueous synthesis. Cancer cells were found to take drug-loaded MOFs in a size-dependent manner. The in vivo biodistribution of drug-loaded MOF was analyzed with positron emission tomography imaging, which, as far as we know, was used for the first time to quantitatively evaluate MOF in living animals, unveiling that 60 nm MOF showed longer blood circulation and over 50% higher tumor accumulation than 130 nm MOF. Altogether, this size-controlled method helps to find the optimal size of MOF as a drug carrier and opens new possibilities to construct multifunctional delivery systems for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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