201
|
Zachry CE, Phan LV, Blackie LER, Jayawickreme E. Situation-Based Contingencies Underlying Wisdom-Content Manifestations: Examining Intellectual Humility in Daily Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2018; 73:1404-1415. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Zachry
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Le Vy Phan
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Eranda Jayawickreme
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Hill CE, Kline KV, Miller M, Marks E, Pinto-Coelho K, Zetzer H. Development of the Meaning in Life Measure. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2018.1434483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara E. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn V. Kline
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Marks
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Heidi Zetzer
- Hosford Counseling and Psychological Services Clinic, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Wagstaff CRD, Leach J. The Value of Strength-Based Approaches in SERE and Sport Psychology. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/mil0000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Leach
- Center for the Study of Human Cognition, University of Oslo
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Garland EL, Hanley AW, Goldin PR, Gross JJ. Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187727. [PMID: 29211754 PMCID: PMC5718463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The Mindfulness to Meaning Theory (MMT) provides a detailed process model of mindful positive emotion regulation. Design We conducted a post-hoc reanalysis of longitudinal data (N = 107) derived from a RCT of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) versus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder to model the core constructs of the MMT (attentional control, decentering, broadened awareness, reappraisal, and positive affect) in a multivariate path analysis. Results Findings indicated that increases in attentional control from baseline to post-training predicted increases in decentering by 3 months post-treatment (p<.01) that in turn predicted increases in broadened awareness of interoceptive and exteroceptive data by 6 months post-treatment (p<.001). In turn, broadened awareness predicted increases in the use of reappraisal by 9 months post-treatment (p<.01), which culminated in greater positive affect at 12 months post-treatment (p<.001). MBSR led to significantly greater increases in decentering (p<.05) and broadened awareness than CBT (p<.05). Significant indirect effects indicated that increases in decentering mediated the effect of mindfulness training on broadening awareness, which in turn mediated enhanced reappraisal efficacy. Conclusion Results suggest that the mechanisms of change identified by the MMT form an iterative chain that promotes long-term increases in positive affectivity. Though these mechanisms may reflect common therapeutic factors that cut across mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral interventions, MBSR specifically boosts the MMT cycle by producing significantly greater increases in decentering and broadened awareness than CBT, providing support for the foundational assumption in the MMT that mindfulness training may be a key means of stimulating downstream positive psychological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Garland
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Adam W. Hanley
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Phillipe R. Goldin
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - James J. Gross
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Jayawickreme E, Tsukayama E, Kashdan TB. Examining the within-person effect of affect on daily satisfaction. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
206
|
Koya K, Anderson J, Sice P. The embodied nurse: Interdisciplinary knowledge exchange between compassionate nursing and recent developments in embodied leadership studies. J Adv Nurs 2017. [PMID: 28620966 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To report a potential knowledge exchange between nursing studies and the results obtained from a study conducted into the attributes of embodied leadership. BACKGROUND Leadership theories have been applied to evaluate, improve, and train nursing practitioners in several previous studies. However, leadership research has entered a new phase where the focus is to produce sustainable leaders through authenticity and compassion, the same two characteristics identified as being of most success in emergent nursing practice. There are few studies that have indicated a knowledge exchange between the latest developments in leadership studies and nursing. DESIGN An exploratory and qualitative study. METHODS Between February 2012 - July 2012, a focused sample of 14 medical care professionals was interviewed across a chain of hospitals. The aim was to evaluate embodied leadership characteristics and understand the factors that contribute to the manifestation of these characteristics. The transcribed interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS Several factors that contribute to the characteristics of embodied leadership have been identified in the interviews and in subsequent literature searches on the characteristics and contributing factors found to be associated with nursing research. These could prompt a knowledge exchange. CONCLUSION The results suggest common ground between nursing and contemporary leadership research in the exposition of behaviours; namely, being non-judgmental, listening actively, reflective practice and embracing uncertainty. Several implications can therefore be expected through the exchange of knowledge resulting from collaboration between researchers in the two disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kushwanth Koya
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jane Anderson
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Petia Sice
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
When is Meaning in Life Most Beneficial to Young People? Styles of Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among Late Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2017; 25:96-106. [PMID: 29769796 PMCID: PMC5940722 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-017-9280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to investigate the relationships between different dimensions of meaning in life and subjective and psychological well-being (PWB) among late adolescents. Three hundred and eighty four Polish participants completed The Personal Meaning Profile scale, The Satisfaction With Life Scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, The PWB scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, the findings revealed that personal meaning had strong relations with subjective well-being (SWB) and PWB. In addition, the dimensions of personal meaning were more strongly associated with the cognitive dimension of SWB than with PWB. In Study 2, search for meaning had positive associations with SWB and PWB among those late adolescents who already had substantial meaning in life. Individuals who were in presence and search style had higher levels of SWB and PWB than those in only search style or presence style. The results demonstrate that purpose embedded in the concept of meaning in life appears central to the formation of adolescent well-being as young people come to establish overarching aims.
Collapse
|
208
|
Singh R, Teng JSQ, Bhullar N, Sankaran K. Positive affect as a moderator of liking effects on trust and attraction. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
209
|
Predictors of Suicidal Ideation Among Children and Adolescents: Roles of Mental Health Status and Meaning in Life. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-017-9427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
210
|
Sedikides C, Cheung WY, Wildschut T, Hepper EG, Baldursson E, Pedersen B. Nostalgia motivates pursuit of important goals by increasing meaning in life. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
211
|
Drageset J, Haugan G, Tranvåg O. Crucial aspects promoting meaning and purpose in life: perceptions of nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:254. [PMID: 29084511 PMCID: PMC5661934 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meaning and purpose in life are fundamental to human beings. In changing times, with an aging population and increased life expectancy, the need for health care services and long-term care is likely to grow. More deeply understanding how older long-term care residents perceive meaning and purpose in life is critical for improving the quality of care and the residents’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore crucial aspects promoting nursing home residents’ experience of meaning and purpose in everyday life. Method An exploratory hermeneutical design with qualitative interviews for collecting data. Results Four key experiences were found to promote meaning and purpose in life: 1) physical and mental well-being, 2) belonging and recognition, 3) personally treasured activities and 4) spiritual closeness and connectedness. Conclusion In supporting meaning and purpose in life of nursing home residents, the residents’ everyday well-being should be a central focus of care and facilitate personally treasured activities. Focused attention should also be given to the meaning-making power of experiencing belonging, recognition and spiritual connectedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, N-5005, Bergen, Norway. .,Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oscar Tranvåg
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, N-5005, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Loi R, Xu AJ, Chow CWC, Kwok JML. Customer misbehavior and store managers' work-to-family enrichment: The moderated mediation effect of work meaningfulness and organizational affective commitment. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
213
|
Goodman FR, Disabato DJ, Kashdan TB, Kauffman SB. Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd B. Kashdan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark J. Landau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
Garrison YL, Lee KH. Meaning in life among Korean college students based on emotionality and tolerance of uncertainty. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
216
|
Newman DB, Nezlek JB, Thrash TM. The dynamics of searching for meaning and presence of meaning in daily life. J Pers 2017; 86:368-379. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John B. Nezlek
- College of William & Mary
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities; Poznań
| | | |
Collapse
|
217
|
Coughlan G, Igou ER, van Tilburg WAP, Kinsella EL, Ritchie TD. On Boredom and Perceptions of Heroes: A Meaning-Regulation Approach to Heroism. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167817705281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
218
|
Tansey TN, Smedema S, Umucu E, Iwanaga K, Wu JR, Cardoso EDS, Strauser D. Assessing College Life Adjustment of Students With Disabilities: Application of the PERMA Framework. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355217702136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The clearest career path to the middle class generally involves access, and completion, of postsecondary education. However, persons with disabilities are less likely to enroll or graduate from college compared with their same-age peers without disabilities. The quality of life of students with disabilities, and their well-being, may be a root cause of low graduation rates. To flourish in life is to both feel good and function effectively. Seligman developed the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA) model that may be useful in understanding the well-being of individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine the factorial structure of the PERMA model in sample college students with disabilities and then examine the model’s relationship with outcomes important to college adjustment such as academic achievement, relationship problems, stress, life satisfaction, and core self-evaluation. Ninety-seven college students with disabilities enrolled in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) were recruited for the study. Findings support a one-factor solution for the PERMA measurement model. Furthermore, PERMA was negatively correlated with factors associated with college difficulty and positively associated with factors linked to college success. The PERMA model also demonstrated that well-being mediates the relationship between functional disability and life satisfaction. Implications for rehabilitation researchers and practitioners are reviewed.
Collapse
|
219
|
|
220
|
Abstract
Despite the impressive progress that has been made on both the empirical and conceptual fronts of boredom research, there is one facet of boredom that has received remarkably little attention. This is boredom's relationship to morality. The aim of this article is to explore the moral dimensions of boredom and to argue that boredom is a morally relevant personality trait. The presence of trait boredom hinders our capacity to flourish and in doing so hurts our prospects for a moral life.
Collapse
|
221
|
Monroe AE, Ainsworth SE, Vohs KD, Baumeister RF. Fearing the Future? Future-Oriented Thought Produces Aversion to Risky Investments, Trust, and Immorality. SOCIAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2017.35.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
222
|
Exploring and assessing meaning in life in elementary school children: Development and validation of the meaning in life in children questionnaire (MIL-CQ). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
223
|
Ward SJ, King LA. Work and the good life: How work contributes to meaning in life. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
224
|
Hupkens S, Machielse A, Goumans M, Derkx P. Meaning in life of older persons: An integrative literature review. Nurs Ethics 2016; 25:973-991. [DOI: 10.1177/0969733016680122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Meaning in life of older persons is related to well-being, health, quality of life, and “good life.” However, the topic is scarcely covered in nursing literature. Objective: The aim of this integrative review for nurses is to synthesize knowledge from scholarly literature to provide insight into how older persons find meaning in life, what are influencing circumstances, and what are their sources of meaning. The review serves as a starting point for including meaning in life of older persons as a major concern for nurses in their role as health promoters. Method: An integrative review was performed including empirical research literature and texts on theoretical perspectives. Ethical consideration: Researches agree with ethical codes for research of universities in the Netherlands. For literature reviews no additional procedures are necessary according to Dutch law. Findings: A total of 44 heterogeneous texts were included in this review. Finding meaning in life is challenging for older persons. Older persons find meaning through a developmental process, by creating and discovering. Meaning in life is found in connection with self and others. Health, living together, high socio-economic status, social relations, activities, and religion are associated with experiencing meaning in later life. The main source of meaning in life of older persons is human relationships. Other sources of meaning in life vary by age and culture. Discussion: The review provides insight into meaning in life of older persons. There are several gaps in knowledge: literature is culturally biased, research on discovery of meaning and daily meaning is limited, and research from a nursing perspective is lacking. In practice, nurses have many opportunities to attune to meaning in life of patients. Further development of competence and training are needed. Conclusion: Older persons find meaning in life through different processes. Meaning in life is associated with the circumstances old persons live in. Human relationship is the major source of meaning. The knowledge from this review is a necessary knowledge base for nurses to include meaning in life of older patients in care. Further research is needed to explore the role of nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hupkens
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter Derkx
- University of Humanistic Studies, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Abeyta AA, Routledge C, Kersten M, Cox CR. The existential cost of economic insecurity: Threatened financial security undercuts meaning. The Journal of Social Psychology 2016; 157:692-702. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1270892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
226
|
Choi J, Catapano R, Choi I. Taking Stock of Happiness and Meaning in Everyday Life. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550616678455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines momentary experiences of happiness and meaning, two components of well-being, by using an experience sampling method. Participants included 603 Korean adults, who generated 24,430 responses over the course of 2–4 weeks. Results revealed that reported levels of happiness and meaning fluctuated substantially over the course of a day and that contextual factors, such as daily activities, social interaction partners, day of week, and time of day, along with demographic variables, were significant predictors of momentary happiness and meaning. In addition, we observe that people often experienced happiness and meaning independently of each other during a single daily event. In sum, momentary experiences of happiness and meaning were dynamic, related but distinct, and varied by individuals across daily events and over time.
Collapse
|
227
|
|
228
|
Hadden BW, Knee CR. Finding meaning in us: The role of meaning in life in romantic relationships. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1257057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Hadden
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - C. Raymond Knee
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Kushlev K, Heintzelman SJ, Lutes LD, Wirtz D, Oishi S, Diener E. ENHANCE: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial for promoting enduring happiness & well-being. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 52:62-74. [PMID: 27838475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who are higher in subjective well-being not only feel happier, they are more likely have fulfilling relationships, increased work performance and income, better physical health, and longer lives. Over the past several decades, the science of subjective well-being has produced insights into these benefits of happiness, and-recognizing their importance-has begun to examine the factors that lead to greater well-being, from cultivating strong relationships to pursuing meaningful goals. However, studies to date have typically focused on improving subjective well-being by intervening with singular constructs, using primarily college student populations, and were short-term in nature. Moreover, little is understood about the impact of a well-being treatment delivered online vs. in-person. In the present article, we describe a comprehensive intervention program including 3-month initial treatment followed by a 3-month follow-up, ENHANCE: Enduring Happiness and Continued Self-Enhancement. One-hundred and sixty participants will be recruited from two different sites to participate in one of two versions of ENHANCE: in-person (n=30) vs. wait-list control (n=30); or online (n=50) vs. wait-list control (n=50). Assessments will be completed at baseline, three months and six months. Our primary outcome is change in subjective well-being across treatment (3months) and follow-up (6months). Secondary outcomes include self-report and objective measures of health, as well as a psychological mediators (e.g., psychological needs) and moderators (e.g., personality) of treatment outcomes. We hope to provide researchers, practitioners, and individuals with an evidence-based treatment to improve happiness and subjective well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin Kushlev
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States.
| | - Samantha J Heintzelman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Lesley D Lutes
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Derrick Wirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Ed Diener
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 102 Gilmer Hall, PO BOX 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E Beh S 502, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Ratner K, Burrow AL, Thoemmes F. The effects of exposure to objective coherence on perceived meaning in life: a preregistered direct replication of Heintzelman, Trent & King (2013). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160431. [PMID: 28018623 PMCID: PMC5180121 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Having a sense of meaning in life (MIL) has been acknowledged as a catalyst to psychological flourishing. As such, understanding ways to promote MIL represents a worthy goal for those interested in bolstering positive outcomes. This study sought to replicate the findings of Heintzelman, Trent & King (2013 Psychol. Sci.24, 991-998 (doi:10.1177/0956797612465878)), who found that MIL could be influenced by external stimulation. Their findings suggest that exposure to coherent stimuli produces significantly higher MIL scores than exposure to incoherent stimuli. Using materials and methodology provided by the corresponding author of the original paper, this study attempted to directly test this manipulation under conditions with increased statistical power. All tests, however, failed to replicate. Possible explanations for these discrepant findings are discussed, and potential future directions for this area of the literature are proposed.
Collapse
|
231
|
Wilt J, Bleidorn W, Revelle W. Finding a Life Worth Living: Meaning in Life and Graduation from College. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2016; 30:158-167. [PMID: 27688595 DOI: 10.1002/per.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graduation from college is an important milestone for young adults, marked by mixed emotions and poignancy, and therefore is an especially salient context for studying meaning in life. The present research used experience-sampling methodology to examine the antecedents and consequences of students' experience of meaning in life over the course of graduation. Participants were 74 graduating students who provided a total of 538 reports over the span of three days, including commencement day. Increased levels of state meaning in life during the days around commencement were linked to spending time with people in general and with family in particular, as well as thinking about one's years in college. Thinking about one's years in college mediated the effects of present company on state meaning in life. Graduates who experienced higher levels of state meaning in life during the days around their commencement ceremony had higher trait levels of meaning in life one week following commencement. We discuss how making meaning of a poignant experience has implications for healthy psychological development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wilt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA 60208
| | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - William Revelle
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA 60208
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Abstract
The present research examined how narcissism is related to perceptions of meaning derived from distinct types of life goals, namely, extrinsic and intrinsic. Although in most cases extrinsic goals are inversely associated with well-being, we propose that narcissists’ pursuit of extrinsic goals (e.g., wealth, fame) is positively linked to meaning in life. In Study 1, higher levels of narcissism corresponded with viewing extrinsic goals as more meaningful. In Study 2, focusing participants on the extrinsic, relative to intrinsic, value of their goal pursuit increased meaning among narcissists. Taken together, narcissists derive meaning from extrinsic goals.
Collapse
|
233
|
Stock ML, Peterson LM, Molloy BK, Lambert SF. Past racial discrimination exacerbates the effects of racial exclusion on negative affect, perceived control, and alcohol-risk cognitions among Black young adults. J Behav Med 2016; 40:377-391. [PMID: 27646550 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Racial discrimination is associated with alcohol use and risky sex cognitions and behaviors, which are risk factors for negative health outcomes, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. The current study investigated the causal impact of racial discrimination on alcohol and sexual-risk cognitions while exploring potential mediators that might help explain this relation: negative affect, perceived control, and meaningful existence. We also examined if past discrimination impacts the strength of (moderates) these effects. Participants were 287 Black/African American young adults aged 18-25. They were randomly assigned to be excluded or included by White peers via the game Cyberball. Racial exclusion (vs. inclusion) predicted greater: perceived racial discrimination, negative affect, alcohol use willingness, and reduced perceived control and meaningful existence. Furthermore, excluded participants who experienced more past racial discrimination reported the lowest perceived control, and greatest negative affect and alcohol-risk cognitions. The findings suggest that past racial discrimination exacerbates the harmful health effects of immediate experiences of discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Stock
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G St. N.W., Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Brianne K Molloy
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G St. N.W., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, 2125 G St. N.W., Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
George LS, Park CL. Meaning in Life as Comprehension, Purpose, and Mattering: Toward Integration and New Research Questions. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To advance meaning in life (MIL) research, it is crucial to integrate it with the broader meaning literature, which includes important additional concepts (e.g., meaning frameworks) and principles (e.g., terror management). A tripartite view, which conceptualizes MIL as consisting of 3 subconstructs—comprehension, purpose, and mattering—may facilitate such integration. Here, we outline how a tripartite view may relate to key concepts from within MIL research (e.g., MIL judgments and feelings) and within the broader meaning research (e.g., meaning frameworks, meaning making). On the basis of this framework, we review the broader meaning literature to derive a theoretical context within which to understand and conduct further research on comprehension, purpose, and mattering. We highlight how future research may examine the interrelationships among the 3 MIL subconstructs, MIL judgments and feelings, and meaning frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Login S. George
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
| | - Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Not Feeling Good in STEM: Effects of Stereotype Activation and Anticipated Affect on Women’s Career Aspirations. SEX ROLES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
236
|
Abstract
Recent advances in the science of meaning in life have taught us a great deal about the nature of the experience of meaning in life, its antecedents and consequences, and its potential functions. Conclusions based on self-report measures of meaning in life indicate that, as might be expected, it is associated with many aspects of positive functioning. However, this research also indicates that the experience of meaning in life may come from unexpectedly quotidian sources, including positive mood and coherent life experiences. Moreover, the experience of meaning in life may be quite a bit more commonplace than is often portrayed. Attending to the emerging science of meaning in life suggests not only potentially surprising conclusions but new directions for research on this important aspect of well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | | | - Sarah J. Ward
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
George LS, Park CL. The Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale: A tripartite approach to measuring meaning in life. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1209546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Login S. George
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Hallford DJ, Mellor D, Cummins RA, McCabe MP. Meaning in Life in Earlier and Later Older-Adulthood: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Correlates of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 37:1270-1294. [PMID: 27401437 DOI: 10.1177/0733464816658750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in earlier and later older-adulthood, and examine its correlates. METHOD Participants in earlier ( n = 341, M age = 68.5) and later older-adulthood ( n = 341, M age = 78.6) completed the MLQ and other measures. Confirmatory multigroup analysis, correlations, and regression models were conducted. RESULTS A two-factor (presence and search), eight-item model of the MLQ had a good fit and was age-invariant. Presence and search for meaning were largely unrelated. Meaning was associated with life satisfaction, well-being across a range of domains, and psychological resources. Searching for meaning correlated negatively with these variables, but to a lesser degree in later older-adulthood. DISCUSSION The MLQ is valid in older-adulthood. Meaning in life is psychologically adaptive in older-adulthood. Searching for meaning appears less important, especially in later older-adulthood. Findings are discussed in the context of aging and psychosocial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Hallford
- 1 Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Mellor
- 2 Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - R A Cummins
- 2 Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - M P McCabe
- 1 Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Vess M, Rogers R, Routledge C, Hicks JA. When being far away is good: Exploring how mortality salience, regulatory mode, and goal progress affect judgments of meaning in life. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
240
|
Nezlek JB, Newman DB, Thrash TM. A daily diary study of relationships between feelings of gratitude and well-being. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1198923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
241
|
Abstract
We review and develop two alternative conceptualizations of meaningful work: a predominant perspective we label realization and an underdeveloped, yet critical, perspective we label justification. We develop each conceptualization by identifying the core problem meaningful work is thought to address and accompanying solutions. Next, we build from this distinction to propose a research agenda that advances scholarly understanding of meaningful work from a justification perspective. Through building this research agenda, we elevate scholarly understanding on meaningful work by illuminating new foci for research, highlighting the relevance of social-cultural mechanisms, and suggesting alternative outcomes.
Collapse
|
242
|
Disabato DJ, Kashdan TB, Short JL, Jarden A. What Predicts Positive Life Events that Influence the Course of Depression? A Longitudinal Examination of Gratitude and Meaning in Life. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
243
|
Abstract
Abstract. The effect of mood on performance in everyday situations is widely studied and the results commonly reveal a mood-congruence relationship. However, little is known about the effect of mood on performance in nonnormal situations such as those experienced during an unscheduled event. This study investigated whether induced mood (positive or negative) influenced performance during an unscheduled aircraft evacuation. Forty-five participants (15 female), with an average age of 21.90 (SD = 3.96) years, were randomly exposed to either positive or negative mood facilitation. Following this, all participants watched the same preflight safety video, and then had to conduct an unscheduled evacuation following a simulated water ditching. Participants exposed to a positive mood manipulator were found to commit fewer errors during the evacuation exercise and completed the evacuation in less than half of the time taken by participants who were exposed to a negative mood manipulator. In safety-critical environments such as aviation, these results highlight the advantages of creating an atmosphere or environment that induces positive moods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Tehrani
- University of New South Wales, School of Aviation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Saint Arnault D, Shimabukuro S. Floating on Air: Fulfillment and Self-in-Context for Distressed Japanese Women. West J Nurs Res 2016; 38:572-95. [PMID: 26896391 PMCID: PMC5663237 DOI: 10.1177/0193945915625219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This research was part of a larger mixed-methods study examining culture, distress, and help seeking. We surveyed 209 Japanese women living in the United States recruited from clinic and community-based sites, and carried out semi-structured ethnographic interviews with a highly distressed subsample of 25 Japanese. Analytic Ethnography revealed that women described themselves as a "self-in-context," negotiating situations using protective resources or experiencing risk exposure. Women experienced quality of life (QOL) when they were successful. However, a related goal of achievingIkigai(or purpose in life) was differentiated from QOL, and was defined as an ongoing process of searching for balance between achieving social and individual fulfillment. Our resulting hypothetical model suggested that symptom level would be related to risk and protective factors (tested for the full sample) and to specific risk and protective phenomenon (tested in the distressed subsample). Thettests in the full sample found that women who were above threshold for depressive symptoms (n= 26) had higher social stressor and lower social support means. Women who were above the threshold for physical symptoms (n= 99) had higher social stressor means. Analysis of the interviewed subsample found that low self-validation and excessive responsibilities were related to high physical symptoms. We conclude that perceived lack of balance between culturally defined, and potentially opposing, markers of success can create a stressful dilemma for first-generation immigrant Japanese women, requiring new skills to achieve balance. Perceptions of health, as well as illness, are part of complex culturally based interpretations that have implications for intervention for immigrant Japanese women living in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizuka Shimabukuro
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
|
246
|
Pezirkianidis C, Stalikas A, Efstathiou E, Karakasidou E. The relationship between meaning in life, emotions and psychological illness: The moderating role of the effects of the economic crisis. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/ejcop.v4i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
247
|
Knez I. Toward a Model of Work-Related Self: A Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2016; 7:331. [PMID: 27014140 PMCID: PMC4781839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational work as personal and social identification can be conceptualized as one of the life goals that we strive for and find meaning in. A basic categorization of the phenomenon of work-related identity is suggested, based on psychological theories of identity, memory and relational schema. It distinguishes between organizational, workgroup and professional identity. The two former relate to the concepts of social identity and collective self and the latter to the concepts of personal identity and individual self. These are assumed to form functionally independent cognitive structures, leading to separate motivations and influences on work-related satisfaction. Given this, empirical research on the impact of work-related identity on employee satisfaction, in general terms, is reviewed. The article concludes with some prospective directions for future research by sketching a general model of work-related self. It is hypothesized to evolve by a causal progression from employment across time via emotional and cognitive components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Knez
- Social Work and Psychology, University of GävleGävle, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
|
249
|
Cömert IT, Özyeşil ZA, Burcu Özgülük S. Satisfaction with Life, Meaning in Life, Sad Childhood Experiences, and Psychological Symptoms among Turkish Students. Psychol Rep 2016; 118:236-250. [PMID: 29693531 DOI: 10.1177/0033294115626634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the contributions of sad childhood experiences, depression, anxiety, and stress, existence of a sense of meaning, and pursuit of meaning in explaining life satisfaction of young adults in Turkey. The sample comprised 400 undergraduate students ( M age = 20.2 yr.) selected via random cluster sampling. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of their scores on depression, existence of meaning, pursuit of meaning, and life satisfaction scores. However, there were statistically significant differences between men and women on the sad childhood experiences, anxiety and stress. In heirarchical regression analysis, the model as a whole was significant. Depression and existence of meaning in life made unique significant contributions to the variance in satisfaction in life. Students with lower depression and with a sense of meaning in life tended to be more satisfied with life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itır Tarı Cömert
- Psychology Department, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zümra Atalay Özyeşil
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department, MEF University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Burcu Özgülük
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department, MEF University Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Martela F, Steger MF. The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|