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Jamshidi L, Heyvaert M, Declercq L, Fernández-Castilla B, Ferron JM, Moeyaert M, Beretvas SN, Onghena P, Van den Noortgate W. Methodological quality of meta-analyses of single-case experimental studies. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 79:97-115. [PMID: 29289406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methodological rigor is a fundamental factor in the validity and credibility of the results of a meta-analysis. AIM Following an increasing interest in single-case experimental design (SCED) meta-analyses, the current study investigates the methodological quality of SCED meta-analyses. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We assessed the methodological quality of 178 SCED meta-analyses published between 1985 and 2015 through the modified Revised-Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (R-AMSTAR) checklist. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The main finding of the current review is that the methodological quality of the SCED meta-analyses has increased over time, but is still low according to the R-AMSTAR checklist. A remarkable percentage of the studies (93.80% of the included SCED meta-analyses) did not even reach the midpoint score (22, on a scale of 0-44). The mean and median methodological quality scores were 15.57 and 16, respectively. Relatively high scores were observed for "providing the characteristics of the included studies" and "doing comprehensive literature search". The key areas of deficiency were "reporting an assessment of the likelihood of publication bias" and "using the methods appropriately to combine the findings of studies". CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although the results of the current review reveal that the methodological quality of the SCED meta-analyses has increased over time, still more efforts are needed to improve their methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Jamshidi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium; IMEC-ITEC, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mieke Heyvaert
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Declercq
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium; IMEC-ITEC, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Belén Fernández-Castilla
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium; IMEC-ITEC, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Onghena
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Noortgate
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium; IMEC-ITEC, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Belgium
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202
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Rodgers J, Herrema R, Honey E, Freeston M. Towards a Treatment for Intolerance of Uncertainty for Autistic Adults: A Single Case Experimental Design Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:2832-2845. [PMID: 29589271 PMCID: PMC6061029 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is indicated as an important transdiagnostic process variable in a range of anxiety disorders. Anxiety is very common in autistic adults. This study evaluates a manualised treatment programme for autistic adults, which focused on IU. An eight session programme (CUES-A©) was developed and delivered to four autistic adults on an individual basis. A single case experimental design was used to provide a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the programme. Data regarding retention, acceptability and feasibility indicate that the participants valued the programme. Analyses of outcome measures indicate that the programme has promise as a treatment option for autistic adults experiencing IU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodgers
- Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Sir James Spence Institute, Newcastle University, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle, NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - R Herrema
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - E Honey
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Freeston
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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203
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204
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Zwiebel S, Villasante-Tejanos AG, de Leon J. Periodic Catatonia Marked by Hypercortisolemia and Exacerbated by the Menses: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Psychiatry 2018; 2018:4264763. [PMID: 30073108 PMCID: PMC6057322 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4264763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kahlbaum first described catatonia; later Kraepelin, Gjessing, and Leonhard each defined periodic catatonia differently. A 48-year-old female with catatonia, whose grandmother probably died from it, was prospectively followed for >4 years in a US psychiatric state hospital. Through 4 catatonic episodes (one lasting 17 months) there were menstrual exacerbations of catatonia and increases in 4 biological variables: (1) creatine kinase (CK) up to 4,920 U/L, (2) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) up to 424 U/L, (3) late afternoon cortisol levels up to 28.0 mcg/dL, and (4) white blood cell (WBC) counts up to 24,200/mm3 with neutrophilia without infections. Records from 17 prior admissions documented elevations of WBC and LDH and included an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) which normalized with electroconvulsive therapy. Two later admissions showed CK and WBC elevations. We propose that these abnormalities reflect different aspects of catatonic biology: (1) the serum CK, the severity of muscle damage probably exacerbated by the menses; (2) the hypercortisolemia, the associated fear; (3) the leukocytosis with neutrophilia, the hypercortisolemia; and (4) the LDH elevations, which appear to be influenced by other biological abnormalities. Twentieth-century literature was reviewed for (1) menstrual exacerbations of catatonia, (2) biological abnormalities related to periodic catatonia, and (3) familial periodic catatonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Zwiebel
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Jose de Leon
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center, Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
- Psychiatry and Neurosciences Research Group (CTS-549), Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, 18971 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Net (CIBERSAM), Santiago Apóstol Hospital, University of the Basque Country, 01004 Vitoria, Spain
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205
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De Young KP, Bottera AR. A summary of reporting guidelines and evaluation domains for using single-case experimental designs and recommendations for the study of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:617-628. [PMID: 29846014 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The insights and activities that regularly occur in clinical settings are an underutilized wellspring of potential scientific advances. Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) include a collection of methods for testing hypotheses in one individual (or a small number of individuals) at a time that are particularly well suited to clinical settings. Their strengths include their potential for maximizing both internal and external validity by way of tight experimental control over threats to internal validity and flexibility in application and inclusion criteria. Despite these advantages, the eating disorder field has not made use of SCEDs to a similar extent as other research areas, providing an opportunity for expansion. Recent advances in organizing SCED standards have resulted in the publication of two sets of reporting guidelines relevant to eating disorders research. These guidelines are integrated and summarized alongside descriptions of domains for evaluating their methodological rigor. Example research questions of potential interest to the eating disorder field are illustrated with SCEDs, and several issues to consider when using SCEDs in eating disorders research are described. It is recommended that researchers aiming to use SCEDs refer to this paper and the resources cited herein when designing and reporting their work. Finally, it is hoped that individuals with access to clinical samples use this paper as a source of inspiration for testing their unique clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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206
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A Simulation Study on Two Analytical Techniques for Alternating Treatments Designs. Behav Modif 2018; 43:544-563. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445518777875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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207
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Manolov R, Solanas A. Quantifying differences between conditions in single-case designs: Possible analysis and meta-analysis. Dev Neurorehabil 2018; 21:238-252. [PMID: 26809851 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2015.1100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The current paper is a call for and illustration of a way of closing the gap between basic research and professional practice in the field of neurorehabilitation. Methodologically, single-case experimental designs and the guidelines created regarding their conduct are highlighted. Statistically, we review two data analytical options, namely (a) indices quantifying the difference between pairs of conditions in the same metric as the target behavior and (b) a formal statistical procedure offering a standardized overall quantification. The paper provides guidance in the analysis and suggests free software in order to illustrate, in the context of data from behavioral interventions with children with developmental disorders, that informative analyses are feasible. We also show how the results of individual studies can be made eligible for meta-analyses, which are useful for establishing the evidence basis of interventions. Nevertheless, we also point at decisions that need to be made during the process of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumen Manolov
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences Methods , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antonio Solanas
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences Methods , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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208
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Memory Rehabilitation in Patients with Epilepsy: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:88-110. [PMID: 29450813 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Memory failure is a common clinical concern of patients with epilepsy and is associated with significant functional impairments. Thus, memory rehabilitation is of critical clinical importance. In this article, we aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of memory rehabilitation in patients with epilepsy. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to guide searches, extraction and reporting of data in this review. PsycINFO, Medline and PsychBITE searches yielded 95 studies. Twelve papers met inclusion criteria, reporting outcomes of cognitive or behavioural interventions that specifically targeted the rehabilitation of memory in patients with epilepsy. Methodological rigour was rated using the Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED) scale for single-case studies and a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist for group studies. Twelve prospective studies, nine group (six pre-post design, one waitlist crossover, two randomised controlled trials) and three single-case studies were identified. Eleven of the studies included adults, eight of which involved adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). One paediatric study was identified. The quality of group studies ranged from 36% (poor) to 72% (good), using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Single-case studies were assessed using the SCED scale and assessed to range in quality from four to seven out to 11. Overall, memory rehabilitation was associated with improved memory function in all studies. Verbal memory outcomes were most commonly examined and associated with improvements. This review found that the level of evidence available to support rehabilitation of memory in patients with epilepsy was generally weak and inconsistent. Nevertheless, studies conducted to date, albeit of limited methodological quality, offer preliminary evidence that memory rehabilitation is associated with improvements in verbal memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Little is known about the efficacy of memory rehabilitation in patients with non-TLE, children, and other aspects of memory difficulties. Guidelines for future research are proposed.
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209
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Cheung YK, Hsueh PYS, Qian M, Yoon S, Meli L, Diaz KM, Schwartz JE, Kronish IM, Davidson KW. Are Nomothetic or Ideographic Approaches Superior in Predicting Daily Exercise Behaviors? Methods Inf Med 2018; 56:452-460. [PMID: 29582914 PMCID: PMC5897129 DOI: 10.3414/me16-02-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The understanding of how stress influences health behavior can provide insights into developing healthy lifestyle interventions. This understanding is traditionally attained through observational studies that examine associations at a population level. This nomothetic approach, however, is fundamentally limited by the fact that the environment- person milieu that constitutes stress exposure and experience can vary substantially between individuals, and the modifiable elements of these exposures and experiences are individual-specific. With recent advances in smartphone and sensing technologies, it is now possible to conduct idiographic assessment in users' own environment, leveraging the full-range observations of actions and experiences that result in differential response to naturally occurring events. The aim of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that an ideographic N-of-1 model can better capture an individual's stress- behavior pathway (or the lack thereof) and provide useful person-specific predictors of exercise behavior. METHODS This paper used the data collected in an observational study in 79 participants who were followed for up to a 1-year period, wherein their physical activity was continuously and objectively monitored by actigraphy and their stress experience was recorded via ecological momentary assessment on a mobile app. In addition, our analyses considered exogenous and environmental variables retrieved from public archive such as day in a week, daylight time, temperature and precipitation. Leveraging the multiple data sources, we developed prediction algorithms for exercise behavior using random forest and classification tree techniques using a nomothetic approach and an N-of-1 approach. The two approaches were compared based on classification errors in predicting personalized exercise behavior. RESULTS Eight factors were selected by random forest for the nomothetic decision model, which was used to predict whether a participant would exercise on a particular day. The predictors included previous exercise behavior, emotional factors (e.g., midday stress), external factors such as weather (e.g., temperature), and self-determination factors (e.g., expectation of exercise). The nomothetic model yielded an average classification error of 36%. The ideographic N-of-1 models used on average about two predictors for each individual, and had an average classification error of 25%, which represented an improvement of 11 percentage points. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all, nomothetic model that generalizes population-evidence for individuals, the proposed N-of-1 model can better capture the individual difference in their stressbehavior pathways. In this paper, we demonstrate it is feasible to perform personalized exercise behavior prediction, mainly made possible by mobile health technology and machine learning analytics.
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210
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Burton RL, O'Connell ME. Telehealth Rehabilitation for Cognitive Impairment: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e43. [PMID: 29422453 PMCID: PMC5824099 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonpharmacological interventions are needed to support the function of older adults struggling with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD). Telerehabilitation aims to provide rehabilitation at a distance, but cognitive rehabilitation by videoconferencing has not been explored. Objective The objective of this study was to compare goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation delivered in-person with videoconferencing to determine whether telehealth cognitive rehabilitation appears feasible. Methods Random assignment to in-person or telehealth videoconferencing cognitive rehabilitation with a combined between-subjects, multiple baseline single-case experimental design, cognitive rehabilitation was delivered by a therapist to 6 participants with SCI (n=4), MCI (n=1), or dementia due to AD (n=1). Results Two of the 6 participants randomly assigned to the telehealth condition withdrew before beginning the intervention. For those who participated in the intervention, 6 out of 6 goals measured with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure improved for those in the in-person group, and 7 out of 9 goals improved for those in the telehealth group. Conclusions Delivery of cognitive rehabilitation by telehealth appeared feasible but required modifications such as greater reliance on caregivers and clients for manipulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Burton
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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211
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Sutton BM, Webster AA, Westerveld MF. A systematic review of school-based interventions targeting social communication behaviors for students with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:274-286. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361317753564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Initiating and responding to peers are social communication behaviors which are challenging for students with autism. We reviewed intervention studies set in mainstream elementary schools, which targeted these behaviors and reported on intervention outcomes as well as the resources required for their implementation. A total of 22 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Findings suggest that school-based interventions can increase the frequency and duration of initiating and responding behaviors in elementary school aged students with autism. These interventions were resource-intensive and usually delivered by researchers or teaching assistants away from the classroom. Future research should build on this emerging evidence base to consider interventions which could be implemented by classroom teachers as part of the classroom program.
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212
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Graham CD, O'Hara DJ, Kemp S. A case series of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for reducing symptom interference in functional neurological disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25:489-496. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Graham
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - Daniel J. O'Hara
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - Steven Kemp
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital; Leeds UK
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213
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Harwell M, Kohli N, Peralta Y. Experimental Design and Data Analysis in Computer Simulation Studies in the Behavioral Sciences. JOURNAL OF MODERN APPLIED STATISTICAL METHODS 2017. [DOI: 10.22237/jmasm/1509494520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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214
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Britto MT, Rohan JM, Dodds CM, Byczkowski TL. A Randomized Trial of User-Controlled Text Messaging to Improve Asthma Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017; 56:1336-1344. [PMID: 28056541 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816684857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We enrolled 64 patients age 12 to 22 years with a diagnosis of poorly controlled persistent asthma in a 6-month longitudinal crossover study. During the 3 intervention months, participants created personalized text messages to be sent to their phones. Adherence was objectively monitored in 22 of the participants. The adolescent participants gave high ratings on the acceptability of the text messaging system. Asthma control improved from baseline to month 1 regardless of whether teens were in the texting or control group. While participants were in the texting group, their quality of life improved and worry about their asthma decreased. Receiving the text intervention resulted in an increase in adherence of 2.75% each month relative to no intervention, but the improvements were not sustained. There was modest improvement in asthma control and quality of life outcomes, as well as improved adherence during the texting intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Britto
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rohan
- 2 Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra M Dodds
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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215
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Coon JC, Rapp JT. Application of multiple baseline designs in behavior analytic research: Evidence for the influence of new guidelines. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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216
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One by One: Accumulating Evidence by using Meta-Analytical Procedures for Single-Case Experiments. BRAIN IMPAIR 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a unilevel and multilevel approach for the analysis and meta-analysis of single-case experiments (SCEs). We propose a definition of SCEs and derive the specific features of SCEs’ data that have to be taken into account when analysing and meta-analysing SCEs. We discuss multilevel models of increasing complexity and propose alternative and complementary techniques based on probability combining and randomisation test wrapping. The proposed techniques are demonstrated with real-life data and corresponding R code.
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217
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Hopwood CJ, Smith JD. Empirical and narrative approaches to case study designs: A commentary on 'Nidotherapy in the successful management of comorbid depressive and personality disorder'. Personal Ment Health 2017; 11:356-360. [PMID: 28714185 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin D Smith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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218
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Ridenour TA, Chen SHK, Liu HY, Bobashev GV, Hill K, Cooper R. The Clinical Trials Mosaic: Toward a Range of Clinical Trials Designs to Optimize Evidence-Based Treatment. J Pers Oriented Res 2017; 3:28-48. [PMID: 33569122 PMCID: PMC7842613 DOI: 10.17505/jpor.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dichotomizing clinical trials designs into nomothetic (e.g., randomized clinical trials or RCTs) versus idiographic (e.g., N-of-1 or case studies) precludes use of an array of hybrid designs and potential research questions between these extremes. This paper describes unique clinical evidence that can be garnered using idiographic clinical trials (ICTs) to complement RCT data. Proposed and illustrated herein is that innovative combinations of design features from RCTs and ICTs could provide clinicians with far more comprehensive information for testing treatments, conducting pragmatic trials, and making evidence-based clinical decisions. METHOD Mixed model trajectory analysis and unified structural equations modeling were coupled with multiple baseline designs in (a) a true N-of-1 pilot study to improve severe autism-related communication deficits and (b) a small sample preliminary study of two complimentary interventions to relieve wheelchair discomfort. RESULTS Evidence supported certain mechanisms of treatment outcomes and ruled out others. Effect sizes included mean phase differences (i.e., effectiveness), trajectory slopes, and differences in path coefficients between study phases. CONCLUSIONS ICTs can be analyzed with equivalent rigor as, and generate effect sizes comparable to, RCTs for the purpose of developing hybrid designs to augment RCTs for pilot testing innovative treatment, efficacy research on rare diseases or other small populations, quantifying within-person processes, and conducting clinical trials in many situations when RCTs are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty A Ridenour
- Research Triangle Institute, International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Szu-Han K Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hsin-Yi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Georgiy V Bobashev
- Research Triangle Institute, International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Katherine Hill
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Rory Cooper
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh
- Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs
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219
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Hong ER, Gong LY, Ninci J, Morin K, Davis JL, Kawaminami S, Shi YQ, Noro F. A meta-analysis of single-case research on the use of tablet-mediated interventions for persons with ASD. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 70:198-214. [PMID: 28964654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing amount of single-case research literature on the benefits of tablet-mediated interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With the development of tablet-based computers, tablet-mediated interventions have been widely utilized for education and treatment purposes; however, the overall quality and evidence of this literature-base are unknown. AIMS This article aims to present a quality review of the single-case experimental literature and aggregate results across studies involving the use of tablet-mediated interventions for individuals with ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Using the Tau nonoverlap effect size measure, the authors extracted data from single-case experimental studies and calculated effect sizes differentiated by moderator variables. The moderator variables included the ages of participants, participants' diagnoses, interventions, outcome measures, settings, and contexts. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Results indicate that tablet-mediated interventions for individuals with ASD have moderate to large effect sizes across the variables evaluated. The majority of research in this review used tablets for video modeling and augmentative and alternative communication. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS To promote the usability of tablet-mediated interventions for individuals with ASD, this review indicates that more single-case experimental studies should be conducted with this population in naturalistic home, community, and employment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristi Morin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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220
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Meganck R, Inslegers R, Krivzov J, Notaerts L. Beyond Clinical Case Studies in Psychoanalysis: A Review of Psychoanalytic Empirical Single Case Studies Published in ISI-Ranked Journals. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1749. [PMID: 29046660 PMCID: PMC5632659 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single case studies are at the origin of both theory development and research in the field of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. While clinical case studies are the hallmark of psychoanalytic theory and practice, their scientific value has been strongly criticized. To address problems with the subjective bias of retrospective therapist reports and uncontrollability of clinical case studies, systematic approaches to investigate psychotherapy process and outcome at the level of the single case have been developed. Such empirical case studies are also able to bridge the famous gap between academic research and clinical practice as they provide clinically relevant insights into how psychotherapy works. This study presents a review of psychoanalytic empirical case studies published in ISI-ranked journals and maps the characteristics of the study, therapist, patient en therapies that are investigated. Empirical case studies increased in quantity and quality (amount of information and systematization) over time. While future studies could pay more attention to providing contextual information on therapist characteristics and informed consent considerations, the available literature provides a basis to conduct meta-studies of single cases and as such contribute to knowledge aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reitske Meganck
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Inslegers
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Clinical Consulting, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juri Krivzov
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liza Notaerts
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) Model Research: Current State of the Science and a Call to Action. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2017; 25:127-156. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-017-9512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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222
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Analytical Options for Single-Case Experimental Designs: Review and Application to Brain Impairment. BRAIN IMPAIR 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Single-case experimental designs meeting evidence standards are useful for identifying empirically-supported practices. Part of the research process entails data analysis, which can be performed both visually and numerically. In the current text, we discuss several statistical techniques focusing on the descriptive quantifications that they provide on aspects such as overlap, difference in level and in slope. In both cases, the numerical results are interpreted in light of the characteristics of the data as identified via visual inspection. Two previously published data sets from patients with traumatic brain injury are re-analysed, illustrating several analytical options and the data patterns for which each of these analytical techniques is especially useful, considering their assumptions and limitations. In order to make the current review maximally informative for applied researchers, we point to free user-friendly web applications of the analytical techniques. Moreover, we offer up-to-date references to the potentially useful analytical techniques not illustrated in the article. Finally, we point to some analytical challenges and offer tentative recommendations about how to deal with them.
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Malboeuf-Hurtubise C, Lacourse E, Herba C, Taylor G, Amor LB. Mindfulness-based Intervention in Elementary School Students With Anxiety and Depression: A Series of n-of-1 Trials on Effects and Feasibility. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:856-869. [PMID: 28853297 PMCID: PMC5871306 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217726682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions constitute a promising option to address anxiety and depression in elementary school students. This study evaluated the effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on anxiety and depression in elementary school students with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression disorder. A single-subject experimental A-B-A design was used. Participants were three elementary school students from grades three and four, along with their teacher. Anxiety and depression were measured on 10 occasions at baseline, during the intervention, and at follow-up. Primary hypotheses were tested using a univariate single case multilevel modeling strategy and visual analysis. Following intervention, 2 participants reported improvements on anxiety and depression, while their teachers reported deteriorating scores on these variables. Results from this n-of-1 trial design is consistent with other work suggesting caution with regard to the overall impact and efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions as a universal treatment option for youth. Future research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Herba
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Taylor
- Research Unit on Mindfulness (GRIPA)
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leila Ben Amor
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The frequently used visual analysis of single-case data focuses on data aspects such as level, trend, variability, overlap, immediacy of effect, and consistency of data patterns; most of these aspects are also commonly quantified besides inspecting them visually. The present text focuses on trend, because even linear trend can be operatively defined in several different ways, while there are also different approaches for controlling for baseline trend. We recommend using a quantitative criterion for choosing a trend line fitting technique and comparing baseline and intervention slopes, instead of detrending. We implement our proposal in a free web-based application created specifically for following the What Works Clearinghouse Standards recommendations for visual analysis. This application is especially destined to applied researchers and provides graphical representation of the data, visual aids, and quantifications of the difference between phases in terms of level, trend, and overlap, as well as two quantifications of the immediate effect. An evaluation of the consistency of effects across replications of the AB sequence is also provided. For methodologists and statisticians, we include formulas and examples of the different straight line fitting and detrending techniques to improve the reproducibility of results and simulations.
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225
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Rosenberg DE, Kadokura E, Morris ME, Renz A, Vilardaga RM. Application of N-of-1 Experiments to Test the Efficacy of Inactivity Alert Features in Fitness Trackers to Increase Breaks from Sitting in Older Adults. Methods Inf Med 2017; 56:16-02-0043. [PMID: 28816343 PMCID: PMC5997558 DOI: 10.3414/me16-02-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent breaks from sitting could improve health. Many commercially available fitness trackers deliver vibration alerts that could be used to cue sitting breaks. As a potentially pragmatic approach to promote frequent breaks from sitting, we tested the efficacy of inactivity alerts among obese older adults, a highly sedentary population. METHODS We conducted 10 sequential N-of-1 (single-case) experimental ABA trials. Participants (mean age = 68, mean BMI = 35) were monitored for a baseline phase ("A1") followed by an intervention phase ("B"). The intervention was then removed and participants were monitored to test an experimental effect (reversal "A2" phase). Total time in the study was limited to 25 days. During the intervention phase ("B"), participants used fitness trackers to stand up or move every time they received an alert (every 15 or 20 minutes of inactivity). Participants wore activPAL devices to measure breaks from sitting each day. Randomization tests were used to determine whether the number of breaks was significantly higher during the "B" phase than the two "A" phases. RESULTS Breaks were higher by 7.2 breaks per day during the "B" phase compared to the mean of the "A" phases. Seven out of 10 participants had more sitting breaks during the intervention phase which subsequently decreased during the reversal "A2" phase (combined p-value < .05). CONCLUSION Inactivity alert features within commercially available devices are efficacious for promoting modest improvements in breaks from sitting among older adults with obesity and could be a simple health-promoting strategy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori E Rosenberg
- Dori E. Rosenberg, PhD, MPH, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101, USA, E-mail:
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Eiring Ø, Nytrøen K, Kienlin S, Khodambashi S, Nylenna M. The development and feasibility of a personal health-optimization system for people with bipolar disorder. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:102. [PMID: 28693482 PMCID: PMC5504814 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with bipolar disorder often experience ill health and have considerably reduced life expectancies. Suboptimal treatment is common and includes a lack of effective medicines, overtreatment, and non-adherence to medical interventions and lifestyle measures. E- and m-health applications support patients in optimizing their treatment but often exhibit conceptual and technical shortcomings. The objective of this work was to develop and test the usability of a system targeting suboptimal treatment and compare the service to other genres and strategies. Methods Based on the frameworks of shared decision-making, multi-criteria decision analysis, and single-subject research design, we interviewed potential users, reviewed research and current approaches, and created a first version using a rapid prototyping framework. We then iteratively improved and expanded the service based on formative usability testing with patients, healthcare providers, and laypeople from Norway, the UK, and Ukraine. The evidence-based health-optimization system was developed using systematic methods. The System Usability Scale and a questionnaire were administered in formative and summative tests. A comparison of the system to current standards for clinical practice guidelines and patient decision aids was performed. Results Seventy-eight potential users identified 82 issues. Driven by user feedback, the limited first version was developed into a more comprehensive system. The current version encompasses 21 integrated core features, supporting 6 health-optimization strategies. One crucial feature enables patients and clinicians to explore the likely value of treatments based on mathematical integration of self-reported and research data and the patient’s preferences. The mean ± SD (median) system usability score of the patient-oriented subsystem was 71 ± 18 (73). The mean ± SD (median) system usability score in the summative usability testing was 78 ± 18 (75), well above the norm score of 68. Feedback from the questionnaire was generally positive. Eighteen out of 23 components in the system are not required in international standards for patient decision aids and clinical practice guidelines. Conclusion We have developed the first evidence-based health-optimization system enabling patients, clinicians, and caregivers to collaborate in optimizing the patient’s health on a shared platform. User tests indicate that the feasibility of the system is acceptable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12911-017-0481-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Eiring
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1072, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medicine and Healthcare, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Postbox 404, N-2303, Hamar, Norway
| | - Kari Nytrøen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1072, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Medicine and Healthcare, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Postbox 404, N-2303, Hamar, Norway. .,Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Simone Kienlin
- Department of Medicine and Healthcare, South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, Postbox 404, N-2303, Hamar, Norway.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Postbox 6050, N-9037, Langnes, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Magne Nylenna
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1072, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
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227
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Porcino AJ, Punja S, Chan AW, Kravitz R, Orkin A, Ravaud P, Schmid CH, Vohra S. Protocol for a systematic review of N-of-1 trial protocol guidelines and protocol reporting guidelines. Syst Rev 2017; 6:132. [PMID: 28679407 PMCID: PMC5498872 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-of-1 trials are multiple cross-over trials done in individual participants, generating individual treatment effect information. While reporting guidelines for the CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 trials (CENT) and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) already exist, there is no standardized recommendation for the reporting of N-of-1 trial protocols. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate current literature on N-of-1 design and reporting to identify key elements of rigorous N-of-1 protocol design. METHODS We will conduct a systematic search for all N-of-1 trial guidelines and protocol-reporting guidelines published in peer-reviewed literature. We will search Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Methodology Register, CENTRAL, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database. Eligible articles will contain explicit guidance on N-of-1 protocol construction or reporting. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and then undertake full-text reviews of potential articles to determine eligibility. One reviewer will perform data extraction of selected articles, checked by the second reviewer. Data analysis will ascertain common features of N-of-1 trial protocols and compare them to the SPIRIT and CENT items. DISCUSSION This systematic review assesses recommendations on the design and reporting of N-of-1 trial protocols. These findings will inform an international Delphi development process for an N-of-1 trial protocol reporting guideline. The development of this guideline is critical for improving the quality of N-of-1 protocols, leading to improvements in the quality of published N-of-1 trial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Porcino
- CARE Program, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, and Integrative Health Institute, University of Alberta, Suite #1702, College Plaza 8215 112 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Salima Punja
- CARE Program, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, and Integrative Health Institute, University of Alberta, Suite #1702, College Plaza 8215 112 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B1, Canada
| | - Richard Kravitz
- UC Davis Department of Internal Medicine, 4150 V St., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Aaron Orkin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- EQUATOR France, Centre d'épidémiologie clinique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris, 75004, France
| | - Christopher H Schmid
- Center for Evidence Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, 8th Floor, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Sunita Vohra
- CARE Program, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, and Integrative Health Institute, University of Alberta, Suite #1702, College Plaza 8215 112 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2C8, Canada.
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228
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Wery JJ, Diliberto JA. The effect of a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, on reading rate and accuracy. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2017; 67:114-127. [PMID: 26993270 PMCID: PMC5629233 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-016-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to investigate the extent to which a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, impacted reading rate or accuracy compared to two commonly used fonts when used with elementary students identified as having dyslexia. OpenDyslexic was compared to Arial and Times New Roman in three reading tasks: (a) letter naming, (b) word reading, and (c) nonsense word reading. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and improvement rate difference, a nonparametric measure of nonoverlap for comparing treatments. Results from this alternating treatment experiment show no improvement in reading rate or accuracy for individual students with dyslexia, as well as the group as a whole. While some students commented that the font was "new" or "different", none of the participants reported preferring to read material presented in that font. These results indicate there may be no benefit for translating print materials to this font.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Wery
- School of Education, Elon University, 2105 Campus Box, Elon, NC 27244 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Diliberto
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3500, 201F Peabody, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3500 USA
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229
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Lanovaz MJ, Huxley SC, Dufour MM. Using the dual-criteria methods to supplement visual inspection: An analysis of nonsimulated data. J Appl Behav Anal 2017; 50:662-667. [DOI: 10.1002/jaba.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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230
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McDonald S, Quinn F, Vieira R, O’Brien N, White M, Johnston DW, Sniehotta FF. The state of the art and future opportunities for using longitudinal n-of-1 methods in health behaviour research: a systematic literature overview. Health Psychol Rev 2017; 11:307-323. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2017.1316672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne McDonald
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francis Quinn
- School of Applied Social Studies, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rute Vieira
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola O’Brien
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin White
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Falko F. Sniehotta
- Fuse, UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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231
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The conditional power of randomization tests for single-case effect sizes in designs with randomized treatment order: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Behav Res Methods 2017; 50:557-575. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-017-0885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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232
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Reznik JE, Biros E, Sacher Y, Kibrik O, Milanese S, Gordon S, Galea MP. A preliminary investigation on the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for neurogenic heterotopic ossification following traumatic brain injury. Part II: Effects on function. Brain Inj 2017; 31:533-541. [PMID: 28340312 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) occurs as a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Management of clinically significant NHO remains variable. Complications of mature NHO include limitation of mobility. The effect of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on range of motion at hip and knee, and function in patients with TBI with chronic NHO was investigated. METHODS A series of single-case studies applying ESWT to chronic NHO at the hip or knee of 11 patients with TBI were undertaken at a rehabilitation hospital. Participants received four applications of high-energy EWST delivered to the affected hip or knee over a period of 8 weeks. Two-weekly follow- up assessments were carried out; final assessments were made 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Range of motion (ROM) and Functional Reach (FR) or Modified Functional Reach (MFR) were measured. RESULTS Application of high-energy ESWT was associated with significant improvement in ROM (flexion) of the NHO-affected knee (Tau = 0.833, 95% CI 0.391-1.276, p = 0.002) and significant improvement of FR (Overall Tau 0.486, 95% CI 0.141-0.832, p = 0.006); no significant improvement in hip ROM or MFR. CONCLUSIONS ESWT may improve mobility and balance of patients with TBI who have chronic NHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Reznik
- a College of Healthcare Science and Division of Tropical Health and Medicine
| | - E Biros
- b Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease , James Cook University , Townsville , QLD , Australia
| | | | - O Kibrik
- d Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Raanana , Israel
| | - S Milanese
- e Discipline of Physiotherapy , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - S Gordon
- f College of Healthcare Science, James Cook University , Townsville , QLD , Australia.,g School of Health Sciences, Flinders University , Bedford Park , SA , Australia
| | - M P Galea
- h Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , VIC , Australia.,i College of Healthcare Science and Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University , Townsville , QLD , Australia
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233
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Durosini I, Tarocchi A, Aschieri F. Therapeutic Assessment With a Client With Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder: A Single-Case Time-Series Design. Clin Case Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650117693942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a study into the effectiveness of therapeutic assessment (TA), a brief form of intervention that incorporates the results of assessment findings into psychological treatment. The history of Anthony, a man who reported symptoms of persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), associated with major depression disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is presented. After his parents’ deaths, Anthony became detached from reality, lost all pleasure in his everyday life, and found it impossible to overcome the devastating feelings related to the loss. Following TA principles, the assessor created a supportive and empathic relationship with Anthony and helped him attain his goals for the assessment. The assessment was monitored using a single-case quasi-experimental design with time-series analysis. Results of this study revealed a specific trajectory of Anthony’s self-reported symptoms and a statistically significant trend toward improvement in severity at the end of the TA. This case study highlights the utility and efficacy of TA in helping clients process traumatic losses and complicated bereavements.
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234
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Brogan KM, Falligant JM, Rapp JT. Interdependent Group Contingencies Decrease Adolescents’ Disruptive Behaviors During Group Therapy: A Practitioner’s Demonstration. Behav Modif 2017; 41:405-421. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445517693812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who have been adjudicated for illegal sexual behavior may receive treatment that requires attending group therapy sessions and classes. For some adolescents, nonsexual problem behavior (e.g., verbal outbursts, noncompliance) interferes with their ability to participate in group treatment. Researchers used a multiple-baseline across groups design with an embedded changing criterion design to evaluate the effects of an interdependent group contingency for decreasing disruptive behavior in adolescents across two therapy groups. Results indicated that the procedure was effective in reducing disruptive behavior emitted by adolescents in group therapy. Measures of social validity indicated that both the therapists and students viewed the overall procedures and outcomes as acceptable. Implications for interdependent group contingencies across diverse populations are discussed.
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Kissi A, Hughes S, Mertens G, Barnes-Holmes D, De Houwer J, Crombez G. A Systematic Review of Pliance, Tracking, and Augmenting. Behav Modif 2017; 41:683-707. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445517693811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Within relational frame theory, a distinction has been made between three types of rule-governed behavior known as pliance, tracking, and augmenting. This review examined whether there is support for the concepts of pliance, tracking, and augmenting in the experimental analysis of behavior; whether these concepts refer to distinct functional classes of behavior; and how these concepts have been operationalized in experimental (behavioral-analytic) research. Given that the concepts of pliance, tracking, and augmenting were first defined by Zettle and Hayes, we confined our review to studies published in or after 1982. Our results indicate that (a) experimental research investigating pliance, tracking, and/or augmenting is extremely limited; (b) it is difficult to determine the extent to which the concepts of pliance, tracking, and augmenting allow for relatively precise experimental analyses of distinct functional classes of behavior; and (c) pliance and tracking have been operationalized by using a limited set of procedures.
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Tate RL, Perdices M, Rosenkoetter U, Shadish W, Vohra S, Barlow DH, Horner R, Kazdin A, Kratochwill T, McDonald S, Sampson M, Shamseer L, Togher L, Albin R, Backman C, Douglas J, Evans JJ, Gast D, Manolov R, Mitchell G, Nickels L, Nikles J, Ownsworth T, Rose M, Schmid CH, Wilson B. The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 27:1-15. [PMID: 27499422 PMCID: PMC5214372 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1190533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016. As a result of 2 online surveys and a 2-day meeting of experts, the SCRIBE 2016 checklist was developed, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about single-case research. This article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016 ) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated. We recommend that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing single-case research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts. SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012 ). Many such guidelines exist and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008 ) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups intervention studies in the behavioural sciences. The CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 Trials (CENT 2015) was developed for multiple crossover trials with single individuals in the medical sciences (Shamseer et al., 2015 ; Vohra et al., 2015 ), but there is no reporting guideline in the CONSORT tradition for single-case research used in the behavioural sciences. We developed the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 to meet this need. This Statement article describes the methodology of the development of the SCRIBE 2016, along with the outcome of 2 Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting of experts. We present the resulting 26-item SCRIBE 2016 checklist. The article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016 ) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Tate
- a John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research , The Kolling Institute of Medical Research , St Leonards , Australia
- b Sydney Medical School Northern , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Michael Perdices
- c Department of Neurology , Royal North Shore Hospital , St Leonards , Australia
- d Discipline of Psychiatry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Ulrike Rosenkoetter
- a John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research , The Kolling Institute of Medical Research , St Leonards , Australia
- b Sydney Medical School Northern , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - William Shadish
- e School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts , University of California , Merced , USA
| | - Sunita Vohra
- f Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - David H Barlow
- g Center for Anxiety Related Disorders , Boston University , Boston , USA
| | - Robert Horner
- h Department of Special Education and Clinical Services , University of Oregon , Eugene , USA
| | - Alan Kazdin
- i Department of Psychology , Yale University , New Haven , USA
| | - Thomas Kratochwill
- j School of Educational Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , USA
| | - Skye McDonald
- k School of Psychology , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Margaret Sampson
- l Library and Media Services , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Larissa Shamseer
- m Clinical Epidemiology Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Canada
- n School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Leanne Togher
- o Discipline of Speech Pathology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Richard Albin
- h Department of Special Education and Clinical Services , University of Oregon , Eugene , USA
| | - Catherine Backman
- p Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Jacinta Douglas
- q Department of Communication and Clinical Allied Health , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jonathan J Evans
- r Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - David Gast
- s Department of Special Education , University of Georgia , Athens , USA
| | - Rumen Manolov
- t Department of Behavioural Sciences Methods , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Geoffrey Mitchell
- u Discipline of General Practice , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lyndsey Nickels
- v Department of Cognitive Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Jane Nikles
- w Centre for Clinical Research , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- x School of Applied Psychology , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Miranda Rose
- q Department of Communication and Clinical Allied Health , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Barbara Wilson
- z Department of Neuropsychology , Oliver Zangwill Centre , Ely , UK
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Manolov R, Moeyaert M. Recommendations for Choosing Single-Case Data Analytical Techniques. Behav Ther 2017; 48:97-114. [PMID: 28077224 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current paper responds to the need to provide guidance to applied single-case researchers regarding the possibilities of data analysis. The amount of available single-case data analytical techniques has been growing during recent years and a general overview, comparing the possibilities of these techniques, is missing. Such an overview is provided that refers to techniques that yield results in terms of a raw or standardized difference and procedures related to regression analysis, as well as nonoverlap and percentage change indices. The comparison is provided in terms of the type of quantification provided, data features taken into account, conditions in which the techniques are appropriate, possibilities for meta-analysis, and evidence available on their performance. Moreover, we provide a set of recommendations for choosing appropriate analysis techniques, pointing at specific situations (aims, types of data, researchers' resources) and the data analytical techniques that are most appropriate in these situations. The recommendations are contextualized using a variety of published single-case data sets in order to illustrate a range of realistic situations that researchers have faced and may face in their investigations.
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238
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Manolov R. Reporting single-case design studies: Advice in relation to the designs’ methodological and analytical peculiarities. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpsic.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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239
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Rochat L, Manolov R, Aboulafia-Brakha T, Berner-Burkard C, Van der Linden M. Reducing anger outbursts after a severe TBI: a single-case study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2016; 29:107-130. [PMID: 28007000 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1270837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anger outbursts constitute a frequent behavioural issue after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have a strong negative impact on the social outcomes resulting from the TBI. However, few studies have examined the efficacy of specific intervention strategies to reduce the frequency and intensity of anger outbursts. We therefore performed a single-case study on this topic by administering two successive and complementary psychological interventions with an AB design with maintenance (first intervention) and an AC design with maintenance plus a one-month follow-up (second intervention) to a patient with a severe TBI. Whereas the first intervention focused on improving the recognition and expression of basic emotions, the second consisted of a self-regulation programme, including various features such as psychoeducation about self-control strategies, relaxation and assertiveness training that aimed to establish adequate behaviours, which were further promoted by an implementation intentions strategy in the patient's daily life. The results indicated that all interventions resulted in a reduced frequency and intensity of anger outbursts, and the data upheld the specificity of these effects. In addition, a meta-analytic integration of the effects of both interventions on the outcomes indicated a medium effect size. Further research is needed on other patients who experience long-standing anger outbursts to examine whether the observed gains can be replicated, sustained on a longer-term basis and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Rochat
- a Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Rumen Manolov
- c Department of Behavioural Sciences Methods , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,d Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Tatiana Aboulafia-Brakha
- e Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Christina Berner-Burkard
- a Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,f Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy Unit , Institution of Lavigny , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- a Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,b Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,g Cognitive Psychopathology Unit , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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240
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241
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Tarlow KR. An Improved Rank Correlation Effect Size Statistic for Single-Case Designs: Baseline Corrected Tau. Behav Modif 2016; 41:427-467. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445516676750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Measuring treatment effects when an individual’s pretreatment performance is improving poses a challenge for single-case experimental designs. It may be difficult to determine whether improvement is due to the treatment or due to the preexisting baseline trend. Tau- U is a popular single-case effect size statistic that purports to control for baseline trend. However, despite its strengths, Tau- U has substantial limitations: Its values are inflated and not bound between −1 and +1, it cannot be visually graphed, and its relatively weak method of trend control leads to unacceptable levels of Type I error wherein ineffective treatments appear effective. An improved effect size statistic based on rank correlation and robust regression, Baseline Corrected Tau, is proposed and field-tested with both published and simulated single-case time series. A web-based calculator for Baseline Corrected Tau is also introduced for use by single-case investigators.
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242
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Manolov R, Moeyaert M. How Can Single-Case Data Be Analyzed? Software Resources, Tutorial, and Reflections on Analysis. Behav Modif 2016; 41:179-228. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445516664307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present article aims to present a series of software developments in the quantitative analysis of data obtained via single-case experimental designs (SCEDs), as well as the tutorial describing these developments. The tutorial focuses on software implementations based on freely available platforms such as R and aims to bring statistical advances closer to applied researchers and help them become autonomous agents in the data analysis stage of a study. The range of analyses dealt with in the tutorial is illustrated on a typical single-case dataset, relying heavily on graphical data representations. We illustrate how visual and quantitative analyses can be used jointly, giving complementary information and helping the researcher decide whether there is an intervention effect, how large it is, and whether it is practically significant. To help applied researchers in the use of the analyses, we have organized the data in the different ways required by the different analytical procedures and made these data available online. We also provide Internet links to all free software available, as well as all the main references to the analytical techniques. Finally, we suggest that appropriate and informative data analysis is likely to be a step forward in documenting and communicating results and also for increasing the scientific credibility of SCEDs.
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243
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Effects of different training histories upon manufacturing a tool to solve a problem: insight in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Anim Cogn 2016; 19:1151-1164. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-1022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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244
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Wolfe K, Seaman MA, Drasgow E. Interrater Agreement on the Visual Analysis of Individual Tiers and Functional Relations in Multiple Baseline Designs. Behav Modif 2016; 40:852-873. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445516644699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on visual analysis has reported low levels of interrater agreement. However, many of these studies have methodological limitations (e.g., use of AB designs, undefined judgment task) that may have negatively influenced agreement. Our primary purpose was to evaluate whether agreement would be higher than previously reported if we addressed these weaknesses. Our secondary purposes were to investigate agreement at the tier level (i.e., the AB comparison) and at the functional relation level in multiple baseline designs and to examine the relationship between raters’ decisions at each of these levels. We asked experts ( N = 52) to make judgments about changes in the dependent variable in individual tiers and about the presence of an overall functional relation in 31 multiple baseline graphs. Our results indicate that interrater agreement was just at or just below minimally adequate levels for both types of decisions and that agreement at the individual tier level often resulted in agreement about the overall functional relation. We report additional findings and discuss implications for practice and future research.
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245
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Ngui EM, Greer DM, Bridgewater FD, Salm Ward TC, Cisler RA. Trends and Progress in Reducing Teen Birth Rates and the Persisting Challenge of Eliminating Racial/Ethnic Disparities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:615-622. [PMID: 27440119 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined progress made by the Milwaukee community toward achieving the Milwaukee Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative's aggressive 2008 goal of reducing the teen birth rate to 30 live births/1000 females aged 15-17 years by 2015. We further examined differential teen birth rates in disparate racial and ethnic groups. METHOD We analyzed teen birth count data from the Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health system and demographic data from the US Census Bureau. We computed annual 2003-2014 teen birth rates for the city and four racial/ethnic groups within the city (white non-Hispanic, black non-Hispanic, Hispanic/Latina, Asian non-Hispanic). To compare birth rates from before (2003-2008) and after (2009-2014) goal setting, we used a single-system design to employ two time series analysis approaches, celeration line, and three standard deviation (3SD) bands. RESULTS Milwaukee's teen birth rate dropped 54 % from 54.3 in 2003 to 23.7 births/1000 females in 2014, surpassing the goal of 30 births/1000 females 3 years ahead of schedule. Rate reduction following goal setting was statistically significant, as five of the six post-goal data points were located below the celeration line and points for six consecutive years (2010-2014) fell below the 3SD band. All racial/ethnic groups demonstrated significant reductions through at least one of the two time series approaches. The gap between white and both black and Hispanic/Latina teens widened. CONCLUSION Significant reduction has occurred in the overall teen birth rate of Milwaukee. Achieving an aggressive reduction in teen births highlights the importance of collaborative community partnerships in setting and tracking public health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Ngui
- Community and Behavioral Health Promotion, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th Street, Milwaukee, 53201-0413, WI, USA. .,Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Danielle M Greer
- Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Aurora Health Care, Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farrin D Bridgewater
- Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Trina C Salm Ward
- Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Health Promotion & Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ron A Cisler
- Community and Behavioral Health Promotion, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1240 N. 10th Street, Milwaukee, 53201-0413, WI, USA.,Center for Urban Population Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Aurora Health Care, Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA.,College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
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246
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Nishioka GJ. The "RACE" national database for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis may need a relook. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:1098-1099. [PMID: 27397629 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Nishioka
- Willamette Ear Nose and Throat & Facial Plastic Surgery, Salem, OR.
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247
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Tate RL, Perdices M, Rosenkoetter U, Shadish W, Vohra S, Barlow DH, Horner R, Kazdin A, Kratochwill T, McDonald S, Sampson M, Shamseer L, Togher L, Albin R, Backman C, Douglas J, Evans JJ, Gast D, Manolov R, Mitchell G, Nickels L, Nikles J, Ownsworth T, Rose M, Schmid CH, Wilson B. The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement. APHASIOLOGY 2016; 30:862-876. [PMID: 27279674 PMCID: PMC4873717 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2016.1178022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016. As a result of 2 online surveys and a 2-day meeting of experts, the SCRIBE 2016 checklist was developed, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about single-case research. This article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated. We recommend that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing single-case research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L. Tate
- The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, and The University of Sydney
| | - Michael Perdices
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, and The University of Sydney
| | - Ulrike Rosenkoetter
- The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, and The University of Sydney
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Shamseer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and University of Ottawa
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248
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Eriksson K, Hartelius L, Saldert C. On the diverse outcome of communication partner training of significant others of people with aphasia: an experimental study of six cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2016; 51:402-414. [PMID: 26947265 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication partner training (CPT) has been shown to improve the communicative environment of people with aphasia. Interaction-focused training is one type of training that provides an individualized intervention to participants. Although shown to be effective, outcomes have mostly been evaluated in non-experimental case studies. AIMS The aim of the controlled experimental intervention study was to evaluate an individualized approach in a CPT programme directed to significant others of people with aphasia. Specifically the effects on conversation partners' ability to support the person with aphasia in conversation and on the individuals with aphasias' perception of their functional communication were explored. METHODS & PROCEDURES Six dyads consisting of a person with aphasia and a significant other were included in a replicated single-subject design with multiple baselines across individuals. The intervention followed the interaction-focused communication training programme included in Supporting Partners of People with Aphasia in Relationships and Conversation (SPARRC). The main elements of the training consisted of supervised viewing of the couples' own video-recorded natural interaction and the formulation of individual goals for the adaptation of particular communicative strategies. Outcome was measured via blinded ratings of filmed conversational interaction obtained once a week throughout the different phases of baseline, intervention and follow-up. A rating scale to assess overall quality of conversation was used, taking into account both transfer of information and social aspects of conversation. Measures of perceived functional communication in the persons with aphasia were also collected from the individuals with aphasia and their conversation partners. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The results were mixed, with two of the six participants showing small improvements in ability to support their partner with aphasia in conversation. Half the participants with aphasia and half the significant others reported improvements on perceived functional communication in the person with aphasia after intervention, but no changes were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study adds to the growing body of research concerning CPT by pinpointing the importance of careful consideration regarding set-up of training, suitability of participants and evaluation of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eriksson
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hartelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Saldert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Division of Speech and Language Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Gothenburg, Sweden
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249
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The development and validation of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT). JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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250
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The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement. Phys Ther 2016; 96:e1-e10. [PMID: 27371692 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.2016.96.7.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016. As a result of 2 online surveys and a 2-day meeting of experts, the SCRIBE 2016 checklist was developed, which is a set of 26 items that authors need to address when writing about single-case research. This article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated. We recommend that the SCRIBE 2016 is used by authors preparing manuscripts describing single-case research for publication, as well as journal reviewers and editors who are evaluating such manuscripts. SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups intervention studies in the behavioral sciences. The CONSORT Extension for N-of-1 Trials (CENT 2015) was developed for multiple crossover trials with single individuals in the medical sciences (Shamseer et al., 2015; Vohra et al., 2015), but there is no reporting guideline in the CONSORT tradition for single-case research used in the behavioral sciences. We developed the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 to meet this need. This Statement article describes the methodology of the development of the SCRIBE 2016, along with the outcome of 2 Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting of experts. We present the resulting 26-item SCRIBE 2016 checklist. The article complements the more detailed SCRIBE 2016 Explanation and Elaboration article (Tate et al., 2016) that provides a rationale for each of the items and examples of adequate reporting from the literature. Both these resources will assist authors to prepare reports of single-case research with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency. They will also provide journal reviewers and editors with a practical checklist against which such reports may be critically evaluated.
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