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Velarde-Ruiz Velasco JA, García-Jiménez ES, Remes-Troche JM. Hepatic manifestations and impact of COVID-19 on the cirrhotic patient. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2020; 85:303-311. [PMID: 32553772 PMCID: PMC7250745 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
El coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, un nuevo coronavirus, es responsable de la enfermedad infecciosa por coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). A nivel global, esta pandemia va en crecimiento y pudiera afectar al 50-60% de la población mundial en los siguientes meses. Si bien es una enfermedad cuya manifestación más severa es la neumonía atípica y sepsis, recientemente se ha descrito que el tracto digestivo y en particular el hígado, pueden verse afectados por el SARS-CoV-2. Así pues, el objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar la literatura disponible al respecto y emitir algunas recomendaciones del papel que el COVID-19 ejerce sobre el hígado en la salud y la enfermedad. La incidencia de lesión hepática asociada específicamente a COVID-19 varía de 14.8-53%. La mayoría de las series de casos han reportado alteración en ALT y AST, elevación de bilirrubinas totales y albúmina sérica baja. La afectación hepática se ha asociado a casos más graves de COVID-19. Por otra parte, se reconoce que la cirrosis hepática es un estado de disfunción inmune que comprende inmunodeficiencia e inflamación sistémica, lo cual hace razonable que estos pacientes sean más susceptibles a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las recomendaciones para estos pacientes, además de las medidas generales para la población (aislamiento social, lavado de manos) incluyen el apoyo social, médico y psicológico durante el período de estancia en el domicilio para evitar transgresiones a la terapia. Es recomendable orientar a los pacientes a mantenerse informados de los cambios en recomendaciones y políticas sociales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Velarde-Ruiz Velasco
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara «Fray Antonio Alcalde», Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - E S García-Jiménez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara «Fray Antonio Alcalde», Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México.
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202
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Guzman Beltrán S, Sanchez Morales J, González Canto A, Escalona Montaño A, Torres Guerrero H. Human serum proteins bind to Sporothrix schenckii conidia with differential effects on phagocytosis. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:33-39. [PMID: 32382937 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum is an important source of proteins that interact with pathogens. Once bound to the cell surface, serum proteins can stimulate the innate immune system. The phagocytosis of Sporothrix schenckii conidia by human macrophages is activated through human serum opsonisation. In this study, we have attempted to characterise human blood serum proteins that bind to the cell wall of S. schenckii conidia. We systematically observed the same four proteins independent of the plasma donor: albumin, serum amyloid protein (SAP), α-1 antitrypsin (AAT), and transferrin were identified with the help of tandem mass spectrometry. Phagocytosis depended on the concentration of the SAP or α-1 antitrypsin that was used to opsonise the conidia; however, transferrin or albumin did not have any effect on conidia internalisation. The presence of mannose did not affect macrophage phagocytosis of the conidia opsonised with SAP or α-1 antitrypsin, which suggests that these proteins are not recognised by the mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guzman Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México, 14502, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Sanchez Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Micología Básica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Augusto González Canto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Patología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alma Escalona Montaño
- Unidad Periferica de la Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional. Inmunobioquímica Molecular y Cardiopatías, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Haydee Torres Guerrero
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Micología Básica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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203
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Wu T. Integrated stress response in hepatitis C promotes Nrf2-related chaperone-mediated autophagy: A novel mechanism for host-microbe survival and HCC development in liver cirrhosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:20-35. [PMID: 31386899 PMCID: PMC7007355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) how liver damage during the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection evolve into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. HCV infects hepatocyte, the major cell types in the liver. During infection, large amounts of viral proteins and RNA replication intermediates accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the infected hepatocyte, which creates a substantial amount of stress response. Infected hepatocyte activates a different type of stress adaptive mechanisms such as unfolded protein response (UPR), antioxidant response (AR), and the integrated stress response (ISR) to promote virus-host cell survival. The hepatic stress is also amplified by another layer of innate and inflammatory response associated with cellular sensing of virus infection through the production of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines. The interplay between various types of cellular stress signal leads to different forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy depending on the intensity of the stress and nature of the adaptive cellular response. How do the adaptive cellular responses decode such death programs that promote host-microbe survival leading to the establishment of chronic liver disease? In this review, we discuss how the adaptive cellular response through the Nrf2 pathway that promotes virus and cell survival. Furthermore, we provide a glimpse of novel stress-induced Nrf2 mediated compensatory autophagy mechanisms in virus-cell survival that degrade tumor suppressor gene and activation of oncogenic signaling during HCV infection. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that the balance between hepatic stress, inflammation and different types of cell death determines liver disease progression outcomes. We propose that a more nuanced understanding of virus-host interactions under excessive cellular stress may provide an answer to the fundamental questions why some individuals with chronic HCV infection remain at risk of developing cirrhosis, cancer and some do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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204
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Namineni S, O'Connor T, Faure-Dupuy S, Johansen P, Riedl T, Liu K, Xu H, Singh I, Shinde P, Li F, Pandyra A, Sharma P, Ringelhan M, Muschaweckh A, Borst K, Blank P, Lampl S, Neuhaus K, Durantel D, Farhat R, Weber A, Lenggenhager D, Kündig TM, Staeheli P, Protzer U, Wohlleber D, Holzmann B, Binder M, Breuhahn K, Assmus LM, Nattermann J, Abdullah Z, Rolland M, Dejardin E, Lang PA, Lang KS, Karin M, Lucifora J, Kalinke U, Knolle PA, Heikenwalder M. A dual role for hepatocyte-intrinsic canonical NF-κB signaling in virus control. J Hepatol 2020; 72:960-975. [PMID: 31954207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic innate immune control of viral infections has largely been attributed to Kupffer cells, the liver-resident macrophages. However, hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, also possess potent immunological functions in addition to their known metabolic functions. Owing to their abundance in the liver and known immunological functions, we aimed to investigate the direct antiviral mechanisms employed by hepatocytes. METHODS Using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as a model of liver infection, we first assessed the role of myeloid cells by depletion prior to infection. We investigated the role of hepatocyte-intrinsic innate immune signaling by infecting mice lacking canonical NF-κB signaling (IkkβΔHep) specifically in hepatocytes. In addition, mice lacking hepatocyte-specific interferon-α/β signaling-(IfnarΔHep), or interferon-α/β signaling in myeloid cells-(IfnarΔMyel) were infected. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that LCMV activates NF-κB signaling in hepatocytes. LCMV-triggered NF-κB activation in hepatocytes did not depend on Kupffer cells or TNFR1 signaling but rather on Toll-like receptor signaling. LCMV-infected IkkβΔHep livers displayed strongly elevated viral titers due to LCMV accumulation within hepatocytes, reduced interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, delayed intrahepatic immune cell influx and delayed intrahepatic LCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Notably, viral clearance and ISG expression were also reduced in LCMV-infected primary hepatocytes lacking IKKβ, demonstrating a hepatocyte-intrinsic effect. Similar to livers of IkkβΔHep mice, enhanced hepatocytic LCMV accumulation was observed in livers of IfnarΔHep mice, whereas IfnarΔMyel mice were able to control LCMV infection. Hepatocytic NF-κB signaling was also required for efficient ISG induction in HDV-infected dHepaRG cells and interferon-α/β-mediated inhibition of HBV replication in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show that hepatocyte-intrinsic NF-κB is a vital amplifier of interferon-α/β signaling, which is pivotal for strong early ISG responses, immune cell infiltration and hepatic viral clearance. LAY SUMMARY Innate immune cells have been ascribed a primary role in controlling viral clearance upon hepatic infections. We identified a novel dual role for NF-κB signaling in infected hepatocytes which was crucial for maximizing interferon responses and initiating adaptive immunity, thereby efficiently controlling hepatic virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Namineni
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Schneckenburgerstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tracy O'Connor
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaijing Liu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- Emmy Noether Research Group Epigenetic Machineries and Cancer, Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prashant Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fanghui Li
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Pandyra
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA, 38105
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Schneckenburgerstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Patrick Blank
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sandra Lampl
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Neuhaus
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Rayan Farhat
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Lenggenhager
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Schneckenburgerstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Maude Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Julie Lucifora
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL1), CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Schneckenburgerstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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205
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Molinaro A, Koh A, Wu H, Schoeler M, Faggi MI, Carreras A, Hallén A, Bäckhed F, Caesar R. Hepatic expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (Lbp) is induced by the gut microbiota through Myd88 and impairs glucose tolerance in mice independent of obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100997. [PMID: 32305515 PMCID: PMC7229497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut-derived inflammatory factors can impair glucose homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated how hepatic gene expression is regulated by gut colonization status through myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) and how one of the regulated genes, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (Lbp), affects insulin signaling and systemic glucose homeostasis. Methods Liver transcriptomics analysis was conducted on four groups of mice fed a chow diet: conventionally raised (CONV-R) wild-type, germ-free (GF) wild-type, CONV-R Myd88 KO, and GF Myd88 KO. Primary hepatocytes were exposed to combinations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LBP, and the LBP-blocking peptide LBPK95A, and the effect on insulin signaling was determined. To assess how LBP affects glucose metabolism in vivo, two mouse models were applied: treatment with LBPK95A and hepatic knockdown of Lbp using CRISPR-CAS9. Results We showed that the colonization status regulates gene expression in the liver and that a subset of these genes, including Lbp, is regulated through MYD88. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LBP impairs insulin signaling in hepatocytes in the presence of low levels of LPS and that the effect of LBP is abolished by LBPK95A. We showed that both systemic pharmacological blocking of LBP by LBPK95A and CRISPR-CAS9-mediated downregulation of hepatic Lbp improve glucose homeostasis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota regulates hepatic expression of Lbp through MYD88-dependent signaling. LBP potentiates LPS inhibition of insulin signaling in vitro and impairs systemic glucose homeostasis in vivo. Gut microbiota induces hepatic expression of Lbp through MYD88. LBP impairs insulin signalling in hepatocytes in the presence of low levels of LPS. Pharmacological blocking of LBP improves systemic glucose homeostasis. Knockdown of hepatic Lbp improves systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molinaro
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ara Koh
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Wu
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Schoeler
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Ilaria Faggi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alba Carreras
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Hallén
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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206
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Stojanovska V, Zenclussen AC. Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in HELLP Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32351511 PMCID: PMC7174768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune involvement in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome is an understudied field, although it is of high clinical importance. This syndrome implies a risk of serious morbidity and mortality to both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. It was proposed that HELLP syndrome occurs in a circulatory inflammatory milieu, that might in turn participate in a complex interplay between the secreted inflammatory immunomodulators and immune cell surface receptors. Meanwhile, reported immune cell attenuation during HELLP may consequently lead to a prolonged immunoactivation and tissue damage. In this regard, learning more about the immune components of this syndrome should widen the understanding of the HELLP pathophysiology and eventually enable development of novel immune-based therapeutics. This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent and previous findings of the innate and adaptive immune responses during HELLP in order to update the current knowledge of the immune involvement in HELLP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Stojanovska
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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207
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Mohd MA, Ahmad Norudin NA, Muhammad TST. Transcriptional regulation of retinol binding protein 4 by Interleukin-6 via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and CCAAT/Enhancer binding proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 505:110702. [PMID: 31927097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major mediator of the acute phase response (APR) that regulates the transcription of acute phase proteins (APPs) in the liver. During APR, the plasma levels of negative APPs including retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) are reduced. Activation of the IL-6 receptor and subsequent signaling pathways leads to the activation of transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), which then modulate APP gene expression. The transcriptional regulation of RBP4 by IL-6 is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PPARα and C/EBP isoforms in mediating IL-6 regulation of RBP4 gene expression. IL-6 was shown to reduce the transcriptional activity of RBP4, and functional dissection of the RBP4 promoter further identified the cis-acting regulatory elements that are responsible in mediating the inhibitory effect of IL-6. The binding sites for PPARα and C/EBP present in the RBP4 promoter were predicted at -1079 bp to -1057 bp and -1460 bp to -1439 bp, respectively. The binding of PPARα and C/EBPs to their respective cis-acting elements may lead to antagonistic interactions that modulate the IL-6 regulation of RBP4 promoter activity. Therefore, this study proposed a new mechanism of interaction involving PPARα and different C/EBP isoforms. This interaction is necessary for the regulation of RBP4 gene expression in response to external stimuli, particularly IL-6, during physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaida Aminah Mohd
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adelina Ahmad Norudin
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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208
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Xiang X, Feng D, Hwang S, Ren T, Wang X, Trojnar E, Matyas C, Mo R, Shang D, He Y, Seo W, Shah VH, Pacher P, Xie Q, Gao B. Interleukin-22 ameliorates acute-on-chronic liver failure by reprogramming impaired regeneration pathways in mice. J Hepatol 2020; 72:736-745. [PMID: 31786256 PMCID: PMC7085428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome defined by liver failure on pre-existing chronic liver disease. It is often associated with bacterial infection and high short-term mortality. Experimental models that fully reproduce ACLF are lacking, so too are effective pharmacological therapies for this condition. METHODS To mimic ACLF conditions, we developed a severe liver injury model by combining chronic injury (chronic carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] injection), acute hepatic insult (injection of a double dose of CCl4), and bacterial infection (intraperitoneal injection of bacteria). Serum and liver samples from patients with ACLF or acute drug-induced liver injury (DILI) were used. Liver injury and regeneration were assessed to ascertain the potential benefits of interleukin-22 (IL-22Fc) administration. RESULTS This severe liver injury model recapitulated some of the key features of clinical ACLF, including acute-on-chronic liver injury, bacterial infection, multi-organ injury, and high mortality. Liver regeneration in this model was severely impaired because of a shift from the activation of the pro-regenerative IL-6/STAT3 pathway to the anti-regenerative IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway. The impaired IL-6/STAT3 activation was due to the inability of Kupffer cells to produce IL-6; whereas the enhanced STAT1 activation was due to a strong innate immune response and subsequent production of IFN-γ. Compared to patients with DILI, patients with ACLF had higher levels of IFN-γ but lower liver regeneration. IL-22Fc treatment improved survival in ACLF mice by reversing the STAT1/STAT3 pathway imbalance and enhancing expression of many antibacterial genes in a manner involving the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. CONCLUSIONS Acute-on-chronic liver injury or bacterial infection is associated with impaired liver regeneration due to a shift from a pro-regenerative to an anti-regenerative pathway. IL-22Fc therapy reverses this shift and attenuates bacterial infection, thus IL-22Fc may have therapeutic potential for ACLF treatment. LAY SUMMARY A mouse model combining chronic liver injury, acute hepatic insult, and bacterial infection recapitulates some of the key features of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients. Both fibrosis and bacterial infection contribute to the impaired regenerative capacity of the liver in patients with ACLF. Herein, we show that IL-22Fc therapy improves ACLF by reprogramming impaired regenerative pathways and attenuating bacterial infection. Thus, it may have therapeutic potential for patients with ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Xiang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruidong Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dabao Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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209
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Engelmann C, Mehta G, Tacke F. Regeneration in acute-on-chronic liver failure - the phantom lost its camouflage. J Hepatol 2020; 72:610-612. [PMID: 31953140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Section Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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210
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Ghosheh N, Küppers-Munther B, Asplund A, Andersson CX, Björquist P, Andersson TB, Carén H, Simonsson S, Sartipy P, Synnergren J. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Show Higher Transcriptional Correlation with Adult Liver Tissue than with Fetal Liver Tissue. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4816-4827. [PMID: 32201767 PMCID: PMC7081255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEP) display many properties of mature hepatocytes, including expression of important genes of the drug metabolizing machinery, glycogen storage, and production of multiple serum proteins. To this date, hPSC-HEP do not, however, fully recapitulate the complete functionality of in vivo mature hepatocytes. In this study, we applied versatile bioinformatic algorithms, including functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses, transcription factor binding-site enrichment, and similarity and correlation analyses, to datasets collected from different stages during hPSC-HEP differentiation and compared these to developmental stages and tissues from fetal and adult human liver. Our results demonstrate a high level of similarity between the in vitro differentiation of hPSC-HEP and in vivo hepatogenesis. Importantly, the transcriptional correlation of hPSC-HEP with adult liver (AL) tissues was higher than with fetal liver (FL) tissues (0.83 and 0.70, respectively). Functional data revealed mature features of hPSC-HEP including cytochrome P450 enzymes activities and albumin secretion. Moreover, hPSC-HEP showed expression of many genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Despite the high similarities observed, we identified differences of specific pathways and regulatory players by analyzing the gene expression between hPSC-HEP and AL. These findings will aid future intervention and improvement of in vitro hepatocyte differentiation protocol in order to generate hepatocytes displaying the complete functionality of mature hepatocytes. Finally, on the transcriptional level, our results show stronger correlation and higher similarity of hPSC-HEP to AL than to FL. In addition, potential targets for further functional improvement of hPSC-HEP were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Ghosheh
- School
of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Annika Asplund
- Takara
Bio Europe AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Petter Björquist
- VeriGraft
AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe
20, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Cardiovascular
Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech
Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
- Department
of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska
Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Simonsson
- Institute
of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- School
of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
- Late
Stage Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- School
of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
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211
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Lemes RMR, Silva CADME, Marques MÂDM, Atella GC, Nery JADC, Nogueira MRS, Rosa PS, Soares CT, De P, Chatterjee D, Pessolani MCV, de Macedo CS. Altered composition and functional profile of high-density lipoprotein in leprosy patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008138. [PMID: 32226013 PMCID: PMC7145193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in host lipid metabolism during leprosy have been correlated to fatty acid alterations in serum and with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunctionality. This is most evident in multibacillary leprosy patients (Mb), who present an accumulation of host lipids in Schwann cells and macrophages. This accumulation in host peripheral tissues should be withdrawn by HDL, but it is unclear why this lipoprotein from Mb patients loses this function. To investigate HDL metabolism changes during the course of leprosy, HDL composition and functionality of Mb, Pb patients (paucibacillary) pre- or post-multidrug therapy (MDT) and HC (healthy controls) were analyzed. Mb pre-MDT patients presented lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to HC. Moreover, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry lipidomics of HDL showed an altered lipid profile of Mb pre-MDT compared to HC and Pb patients. In functional tests, HDL from Mb pre-MDT patients showed impaired anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities and a lower cholesterol acceptor capacity compared to other groups. Mb pre-MDT showed lower concentrations of ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), the major HDL protein, when compared to HC, with a post-MDT recovery. Changes in ApoA-I expression could also be observed in M. leprae-infected hepatic cells. The presence of bacilli in the liver of a Mb patient, along with cell damage, indicated hepatic involvement during leprosy, which may reflect on ApoA-I expression. Together, altered compositional and functional profiles observed on HDL of Mb patients can explain metabolic and physiological changes observed in Mb leprosy, contributing to a better understanding of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertha Mariana R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adriano de M. e Silva
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maria Ângela de M. Marques
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Georgia C. Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Augusto da C. Nery
- Ambulatório Souza Araújo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Prithwiraj De
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maria Cristina V. Pessolani
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana S. de Macedo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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212
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Takač B, Mihaljević S, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Kibel A, Suver-Stević M, Canecki-Varžić S, Samardžija M, Rajkovac I, Kovač D, Štefanić M. INTERACTIONS AMONG INTERLEUKIN-6, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (-174) G/C POLYMORPHISM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CROHN'S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:67-80. [PMID: 32724277 PMCID: PMC7382872 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial disorders the clinical manifestation of which depends on the interaction among immune response, genetic and environmental factors. There is growing evidence that cytokines and gene polymorphisms have an important role in disease pathogenesis in various populations although molecular mechanism of their signaling and interactions is not fully understood yet. The present study aimed at exploring the effects of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphism on the development of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases overall and at determining differences between inflammatory bowel disease patients and healthy controls. A total of 132 inflammatory bowel disease patients and 71 healthy blood donors were investigated. In order to assess the clinical relevance of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum concentration and interleukin-6 rs1800795 single nucleotide polymorphism in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, we performed a cross-sectional, case-control study. Quantitative assessment of serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was performed with solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, chemiluminescent sequential immunometric and immunoturbidimetric assay, respectively. A real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based method on a LightCyclerTM PCR 1.2 was used for genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism. Both interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum levels were elevated in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Positive correlations were observed between C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 serum concentration and ulcerative colitis activity index as measured by modified Truelove-Witt’s severity index scale. C-reactive protein serum level was higher in Crohn’s disease patients without intestinal resection than in Crohn’s disease patients with prior intestinal resection. In ulcerative colitis patients, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum levels were statistically significantly higher in CC interleukin-6 genotype in comparison to GG+GC genotype. Analysis of the promoter region of the interleukin-6 rs1800795 gene polymorphism showed no statistically significant difference in allele frequency either between inflammatory bowel disease patients and healthy controls or between the two inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes and healthy controls. Associations presented in this study give a potentially important insight into the role of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein signaling and interleukin-6 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Mihaljević
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Suver-Stević
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Silvija Canecki-Varžić
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Marko Samardžija
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Ines Rajkovac
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Damir Kovač
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Mario Štefanić
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 3Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 6Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Centre, Osijek, Croatia; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. Josip Benčević General Hospital, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
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213
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Holers VM, Borodovsky A, Scheinman RI, Ho N, Ramirez JR, Dobó J, Gál P, Lindenberger J, Hansen AG, Desai D, Pihl R, Thiel S, Banda NK. Key Components of the Complement Lectin Pathway Are Not Only Required for the Development of Inflammatory Arthritis but Also Regulate the Transcription of Factor D. Front Immunol 2020; 11:201. [PMID: 32153567 PMCID: PMC7046807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides driving lectin pathway (LP) activation, the mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases (MASPs) also play a key role in regulating the alternative pathway (AP). We evaluated the effects of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated MASP-1 and MASP-2 duplexes in vitro and in mice with and without arthritis to examine whether knockdown of MASP-1 and MASP-2 expression affects the development of arthritis. GalNAc-siRNAs for MASP-1 and MASP-2 demonstrated robust silencing of MASP-1 or MASP-2 at pM concentrations in vitro. To evaluate the impact of silencing in arthritic mice, we used the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model of RA. Mice were injected a 10 mg/kg dose of GalNAc-siRNAs 3x s.q. prior to the induction of CAIA. Liver gene expression was examined using qRT-PCR, and protein levels were confirmed in the circulation by sandwich immunoassays and Western blot. At day 10, CAIA mice separately treated with MASP-1 and MASP-2 duplexes had a specific reduction in expression of liver MASP-1 (70–95%, p < 0.05) and MASP-2 (90%, p < 0.05) mRNA, respectively. MASP-1-siRNA treatment resulted in a 95% reduction in levels of MASP-1 protein in circulation with no effect on MASP-2 levels and clinical disease activity (CDA). In mice injected with MASP-2 duplex, there was a significant (p < 0.05) 90% decrease in ex vivo C4b deposition on mannan, with nearly complete elimination of MASP-2 in the circulation. MASP-2 silencing initially significantly decreased CDA by 60% but subsequently changed to a 40% decrease vs. control. Unexpectedly, GalNAc-siRNA-mediated knockdown of MASP-1 and MASP-2 revealed a marked effect of these proteins on the transcription of FD under normal physiological conditions, whereas LPS-induced inflammatory conditions reversed this effect on FD levels. LPS is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we found MBL not only binds to TLR4 an interaction with a Kd of 907 nM but also upregulated FD expression in differentiated adipocytes. We show that MASP-2 knockdown impairs the development of RA and that the interrelationship between proteins of the LP and the AP may extend to the transcriptional modulation of the FD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Robert I Scheinman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nhu Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseline Ramos Ramirez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - József Dobó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jared Lindenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Annette G Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dhruv Desai
- Alnylam Pharmaceutical Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rasmus Pihl
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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214
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Poulides NA, Carson MD, Kirkpatrick JE, Warner AJ, Swanson BA, Taylor EV, Chew ME, Reddy SV, Liu B, Westwater C, Novince CM. Specific Commensal Bacterium Critically Regulates Gut Microbiota Osteoimmunomodulatory Actions During Normal Postpubertal Skeletal Growth and Maturation. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10338. [PMID: 32161843 PMCID: PMC7059828 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal gut microbiota critically regulates immunomodulatory processes that influence normal skeletal growth and maturation. However, the influence of specific microbes on commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunoregulatory actions is unknown. We have shown previously that the commensal gut microbiota enhances TH17/IL17A immune response effects in marrow and liver that have procatabolic/antianabolic actions in the skeleton. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a specific commensal gut bacterium within phylum Firmicutes, potently induces TH17/IL17A‐mediated immunity. The study purpose was to delineate the influence of SFB on commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal development. Two murine models were utilized: SFB‐monoassociated mice versus germ‐free (GF) mice and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice +/− SFB. SFB colonization was validated by 16S rDNA analysis, and SFB‐induced TH17/IL17A immunity was confirmed by upregulation of Il17a in ileum and IL17A in serum. SFB‐colonized mice had an osteopenic trabecular bone phenotype, which was attributed to SFB actions suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Intriguingly, SFB‐colonized mice had increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and acute‐phase reactants in the liver. Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), an acute‐phase reactant and antimicrobial peptide, was substantially elevated in the liver and serum of SFB‐colonized mice, which supports the notion that SFB regulation of commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunomodulatory actions are mediated in part through a gut–liver–bone axis. Proinflammatory TH17 and TH1 cells were increased in liver‐draining lymph nodes of SFB‐colonized mice, which further substantiates that SFB osteoimmune‐response effects may be mediated through the liver. SFB‐induction of Il17a in the gut and Lcn2 in the liver resulted in increased circulating levels of IL17A and LCN2. Recognizing that IL17A and LCN2 support osteoclastogenesis/suppress osteoblastogenesis, SFB actions impairing postpubertal skeletal development appear to be mediated through immunomodulatory effects in both the gut and liver. This research reveals that specific microbes critically impact commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal growth and maturation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Nicole A Poulides
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Joy E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Brooks A Swanson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Eliza V Taylor
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Michael E Chew
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Sakamuri V Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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Relationship Between the Gastrointestinal Side Effects of an Anti-Hypertensive Medication and Changes in the Serum Lipid Metabolome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010205. [PMID: 31941114 PMCID: PMC7019348 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An earlier study using a rat model system indicated that the active ingredients contained in the anti-hypertensive medication amlodipine (AMD) appeared to induce various bowel problems, including constipation and inflammation. A probiotic blend was found to alleviate intestinal complications caused by the medicine. To gain more extensive insight into the beneficial effects of the probiotic blend, we investigated the changes in metabolite levels using a non-targeted metabolic approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-fligh (UPLC-q/TOF) mass spectrometry. Analysis of lipid metabolites revealed that rats that received AMD had a different metabolome profile compared with control rats and rats that received AMD plus the probiotic blend. In the AMD-administered group, serum levels of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, triglycerides with large numbers of double bonds, cholesterols, sterol derivatives, and cholesterol esters (all p < 0.05) were increased compared with those of the control group and the group that received AMD plus the probiotic blend. The AMD-administered group also exhibited significantly decreased levels of triglycerides with small numbers of double bonds (all p < 0.05). These results support our hypothesis that AMD-induced compositional changes in the gut microbiota are a causal factor in inflammation.
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216
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Magee N, Zou A, Ghosh P, Ahamed F, Delker D, Zhang Y. Disruption of hepatic small heterodimer partner induces dissociation of steatosis and inflammation in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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217
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Inflammation During Virus Infection: Swings and Roundabouts. DYNAMICS OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION IN VIRAL DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7121364 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1045-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation constitutes a concerted series of cellular and molecular responses that follow disturbance of systemic homeostasis, by either toxins or infectious organisms. Leukocytes modulate inflammation through production of secretory mediators, like cytokines and chemokines, which work in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. These mediators can either promote or attenuate the inflammatory response and depending on differential temporal and spatial expression play a crucial role in the outcome of infection. Even though the objective is clearance of the pathogen with minimum damage to host, the pathogenesis of multiple human pathogenic viruses has been suggested to emanate from a dysregulation of the inflammatory response, sometimes with fatal consequences. This review discusses the nature and the outcome of inflammatory response, which is triggered in the human host subsequent to infection by single-sense plus-strand RNA viruses. In view of such harmful effects of a dysregulated inflammatory response, an exogenous regulation of these reactions by either interference or supplementation of critical regulators has been suggested. Currently multiple such factors are being tested for their beneficial and adverse effects. A successful use of such an approach in diseases of viral etiology can potentially protect the affected individual without directly affecting the virus life cycle. Further, such approaches whenever applicable would be useful in mitigating death and/or debility that is caused by the infection of those viruses which have proven particularly difficult to control by either prophylactic vaccines and/or therapeutic strategies using specific antiviral drugs.
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218
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Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Leung J, Chen S, Cullis PR, van der Meel R. Lipid nanoparticle technology for therapeutic gene regulation in the liver. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:344-363. [PMID: 32622021 PMCID: PMC7329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases of the liver affect millions of people around the globe and are a major public health burden. Most contemporary treatments offer limited relief as they generally aim to alleviate disease symptoms. Targeting the root cause of diseases originating in the liver by regulating malfunctioning genes with nucleic acid-based drugs holds great promise as a therapeutic approach. However, employing nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo is challenging due to their unfavorable characteristics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology is a revolutionary development that has enabled clinical translation of gene therapies. LNPs can deliver siRNA, mRNA, DNA, or gene-editing complexes, providing opportunities to treat hepatic diseases by silencing pathogenic genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or correcting genetic defects. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art LNP technology for hepatic gene therapy including formulation design parameters, production methods, preclinical development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A. Kulkarni
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Evonik Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Integrated Nanotherapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R. Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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219
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Lercher A, Bhattacharya A, Popa AM, Caldera M, Schlapansky MF, Baazim H, Agerer B, Gürtl B, Kosack L, Májek P, Brunner JS, Vitko D, Pinter T, Genger JW, Orlova A, Pikor N, Reil D, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Kalinke U, Ludewig B, Moriggl R, Bennett KL, Menche J, Cheng PN, Schabbauer G, Trauner M, Klavins K, Bergthaler A. Type I Interferon Signaling Disrupts the Hepatic Urea Cycle and Alters Systemic Metabolism to Suppress T Cell Function. Immunity 2019; 51:1074-1087.e9. [PMID: 31784108 PMCID: PMC6926485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz F Schlapansky
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gürtl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theresa Pinter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Reil
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvár-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul N Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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220
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Magee N, Zou A, Ghosh P, Ahamed F, Delker D, Zhang Y. Disruption of hepatic small heterodimer partner induces dissociation of steatosis and inflammation in experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:994-1008. [PMID: 31831621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying NASH development remain obscure. The nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (Shp) plays a complex role in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Here, we sought to determine SHP's role in regulating steatosis and inflammation in NASH. Shp deletion in murine hepatocytes (Shp Hep-/-) resulted in massive infiltration of macrophages and CD4+ T cells in the liver. Shp Hep-/- mice developed reduced steatosis, but surprisingly increased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis after being fed a high-fat, -cholesterol, and -fructose (HFCF) diet. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that pathways involved in inflammation and fibrosis are significantly activated in the liver of Shp Hep-/- mice fed a chow diet. After having been fed the HFCF diet, WT mice displayed up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) signaling in the liver; however, this response was completely abolished in the Shp Hep-/- mice. In contrast, livers of Shp Hep-/- mice had consistent NF-κB activation. To further characterize the role of Shp specifically in the transition of steatosis to NASH, mice were fed the HFCF diet for 4 weeks, followed by Shp deletion. Surprisingly, Shp deletion after steatosis development exacerbated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis without affecting liver steatosis. Together, our results indicate that, depending on NASH stage, hepatic Shp plays an opposing role in steatosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, Shp deletion in hepatocytes activated NF-κB and impaired Pparg activation, leading to the dissociation of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - An Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Forkan Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Don Delker
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 .,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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221
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Zheng H, Li H, Zhang J, Fan H, Jia L, Ma W, Ma S, Wang S, You H, Yin Z, Li X. Serum amyloid A exhibits pH dependent antibacterial action and contributes to host defense against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infection. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:2570-2581. [PMID: 31819008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), one of the major highly conserved acute-phase proteins in most mammals, is predominantly produced by hepatocytes and also by a variety of cells in extrahepatic tissues. It is well-known that the expression of SAA is sharply increased in bacterial infections. However, the exact physiological function of SAA during bacterial infection remains unclear. Herein, we showed that SAA expression significantly increased in abscesses of Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infected mice, which exert direct antibacterial effects by binding to the bacterial cell surface and disrupting the cell membrane in acidic conditions. Mechanically, SAA disrupts anionic liposomes by spontaneously forming small vesicles or micelles under acidic conditions. Especially, the N-terminal region of SAA is necessary for membrane disruption and bactericidal activity. Furthermore, we found that mice deficient in SAA1/2 were more susceptible to infection by S. aureus In addition, the expression of SAA in infected skin was regulated by interleukin-6. Taken together, these findings support a key role of the SAA in host defense and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for cutaneous bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuoqian Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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222
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Luo Y, Yang Y, Shen Y, Li L, Huang J, Tang L, Zhang L. Luzindole attenuates LPS/d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in mice. Innate Immun 2019; 26:319-327. [PMID: 31779498 PMCID: PMC7251793 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919890912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-documented hormone that plays central roles in the regulation
of sleep–wake cycles. There is cumulative evidence to suggest that melatonin is
also a pleiotropic regulator of inflammation, and luzindole has been widely used
as a melatonin receptor antagonist. This study investigated the potential
effects of luzindole on LPS/d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced
acute hepatitis. The results indicated that treatment with luzindole alleviated
histological damage in the liver, reduced the level of transaminases in plasma
and improved the survival of LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. Treatment with
luzindole also suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α
and IL-6 in LPS/d-GalN-exposed mice. In addition, treatment with
luzindole inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and suppressed the
cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Therefore, treatment with
luzindole attenuates LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver injury, suggesting
that luzindole might have potential value for the intervention of
inflammation-based hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, PR China.,Laboratory of Stem cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, PR China
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223
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Key features and homing properties of NK cells in the liver are shaped by activated iNKT cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16362. [PMID: 31704965 PMCID: PMC6841958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to the clearance of hepatic viral infections is well recognized. The recently discovered heterogeneity of NK cell populations renders them interesting targets for immune interventions. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a key interaction partner for hepatic NK cells. The present study addressed whether characteristics of NK cells in the liver can be shaped by targeting iNKT cells. For this, the CD1d-binding pegylated glycolipid αGalCerMPEG was assessed for its ability to modulate the features of NK cells permanently or transiently residing in the liver. In vivo administration resulted in enhanced functionality of educated and highly differentiated CD27+ Mac-1+ NK cells accompanied by an increased proliferation. Improved liver homing was supported by serum-derived and cellular factors. Reduced viral loads in a mCMV infection model confirmed the beneficial effect of NK cells located in the liver upon stimulation with αGalCerMPEG. Thus, targeting iNKT cell-mediated NK cell activation in the liver represents a promising approach for the establishment of liver-directed immune interventions.
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224
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Seo M, Kim H, Lee JH, Park JW. Pelargonidin ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by inhibiting the ROS-induced inflammatory apoptotic response. Biochimie 2019; 168:10-16. [PMID: 31669604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The common analgesic acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is non-toxic to the liver at therapeutic doses. However, an overdose of APAP can lead to APAP-induced liver failure, which has emerged as a serious issue in the US and Europe. Pelargonidin is an anthocyanidin found in pomegranates, plums, and various berries. Pelargonidin has strong antioxidant effects, directly scavenging superoxide radicals and inhibiting H₂O₂-induced lipid peroxidation. Focusing on these effects, we studied the preventative effect of pelargonidin on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms in vivo. We observed that pelargonidin mitigates serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, which are strongly associated with APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We also found that pelargonidin reduced APAP-induced hepatic necrosis by removing excessive ROS. Hepatic necrosis stimulates the release of molecular pathogens that induce inflammation, which increases cell stress and can lead to apoptosis. Therefore, pelargonidin was able to reduce levels of necrosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. These results indicate that the administration of pelargonidin protects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and that it could be a novel protective strategy against APAP-induced liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Seo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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225
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Zhang W, Böttger R, Qin Z, Kulkarni JA, Vogler J, Cullis PR, Li SD. Phospholipid-Free Small Unilamellar Vesicles for Drug Targeting to Cells in the Liver. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901782. [PMID: 31490617 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that cholesterol (Chol) and TWEEN 80 at a molar ratio of 5:1 can form small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) using a staggered herringbone micromixer. These phospholipid-free SUVs (PFSUVs) can be actively loaded with a model drug for targeting hepatocytes via the endogenous apolipoprotein mechanism. PFSUVs particles with compositions of Chol:TWEEN 80 ranging between 1.5:1 and 5:1 (mol/mol) can be produced with a mean diameter of ≈80 nm, but only the high-Chol formulations (3:1 and 5:1) can retain a transmembrane gradient of ammonium sulfate for active loading of doxorubicin (DOX). Under cryo-transmission electron microscopy, PFSUVs-DOX displays a unilamellar bilayer structure with DOX molecules forming spindle-shape aggregates inside the aqueous core. Relative to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) that exhibits little interaction with cells in various conditions, the cellular uptake of PFSUVs-DOX is dependent on the presence of serum and enhanced with an increased concentration of apolipoproteins. After intravenous injection, the vast majority of PFSUVs-DOX accumulates in the liver and DOX is detected in all liver cells (predominantly the hepatocytes), while PLD is captured only by the sinusoidal cells (i.e., macrophages). This report discloses an innovative lipid bilayer vesicle for highly efficient and selective hepatocyte targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wunan Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Roland Böttger
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhu Qin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julian Vogler
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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226
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Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194694. [PMID: 31546715 PMCID: PMC6801544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.
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227
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Detrimental Type I Interferon Signaling Dominates Protective AIM2 Inflammasome Responses during Francisella novicida Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3168-3174. [PMID: 29562174 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and inflammasomes are essential mediators of anti-microbial immunity. Type I IFN signaling drives activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in macrophages; however, the relative contribution of IFNs and inflammasome responses in host defense is less understood. We report intact AIM2 inflammasome responses in mice lacking type I IFN signaling during infection with F. novicida. Lack of type I IFN signaling conferred protection to F. novicida infection in contrast to the increased susceptibility in AIM2-deficient mice. Mice lacking both AIM2 and IFNAR2 were protected against the infection. The detrimental effects of type I IFN signaling were due to its ability to induce activation of apoptotic caspases and cell death. These results demonstrate the contrasting effects of type I IFN signaling and AIM2 during F. novicida infection in vivo and indicate a dominant role for type I IFNs in mediating detrimental responses despite the protective AIM2 inflammasome responses.
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228
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Cai J, Zhang XJ, Li H. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2019; 70:1026-1037. [PMID: 30653691 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the fastest-growing liver diseases worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune mechanisms are pivotal drivers of inflammation and other pathological manifestations observed in NASH, such as hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and fibrosis. This robust innate immune reaction is intrinsic to the liver, which is an important immunological organ that contains a coordinated network of innate immune cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs), dendritic cells (DCs), and lymphocytes. Hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are not formally innate immune cells, but they take on immune cell function when stressed. These cells can sense excess metabolites and bacterial products and translate those signals into immune responses and pathological hepatic changes during the development of NASH. In this review, we take a historical perspective in describing decades of research that aimed to identify the key molecular and cellular players in the innate immune system in the setting of NASH. Furthermore, we summarize the innate immune cells that are involved in the progression of NASH and illustrate how they sense disturbances in circulating metabolic factors by innate immune receptors and subsequently initiate the intercellular signaling cascades that lead to persistent inflammation and progression of hepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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229
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Schulze RJ, Schott MB, Casey CA, Tuma PL, McNiven MA. The cell biology of the hepatocyte: A membrane trafficking machine. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2096-2112. [PMID: 31201265 PMCID: PMC6605791 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver performs numerous vital functions, including the detoxification of blood before access to the brain while simultaneously secreting and internalizing scores of proteins and lipids to maintain appropriate blood chemistry. Furthermore, the liver also synthesizes and secretes bile to enable the digestion of food. These diverse attributes are all performed by hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver. As predicted, these cells possess a remarkably well-developed and complex membrane trafficking machinery that is dedicated to moving specific cargos to their correct cellular locations. Importantly, while most epithelial cells secrete nascent proteins directionally toward a single lumen, the hepatocyte secretes both proteins and bile concomitantly at its basolateral and apical domains, respectively. In this Beyond the Cell review, we will detail these central features of the hepatocyte and highlight how membrane transport processes play a key role in healthy liver function and how they are affected by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schulze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Micah B Schott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Mark A McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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230
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Lee Y, Hu S, Park YK, Lee JY. Health Benefits of Carotenoids: A Role of Carotenoids in the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:103-113. [PMID: 31328113 PMCID: PMC6615349 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with a prevalence of ~25% worldwide. NAFLD includes simple hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which can further progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, effective strategies for the prevention of NAFLD are needed. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complicated due to diverse injury insults, such as fat accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and apoptosis, which may act synergistically. Studies have shown that carotenoids, a natural group of isoprenoid pigments, prevent the development of NAFLD by exerting antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and insulin-sensitizing properties. This review summarizes the protective action of carotenoids, with primary focuses on astaxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, fucoxanthin, and crocetin, against the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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231
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Wang G, Zhao H, Zheng B, Li D, Yuan Y, Han Q, Tian Z, Zhang J. TLR2 Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Recruitment Into the Liver and Microabscess Formation to Limit the Spread of Listeria Monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1388. [PMID: 31297109 PMCID: PMC6607897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR2 signaling plays a critical protective role against acute Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection by up-regulating inflammatory cytokines and promoting macrophage antimicrobial capabilities. However, the underlying mechanism by which TLR2 regulates hepatic macrophage-mediated anti-Lm immune responses remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that both the absolute number and proportion of monocyte/macrophage (Mo/MΦ) in the liver and spleen of Tlr2 -/- mice were significantly lower compared to wild type mice. Changes in TLR2 signaling in both hepatocytes and Mo/MΦs were associated with the infiltration of Mo/MΦs in response to Lm-infection. Analyses by proteome profiler array and ELISA revealed that hepatocytes recruited Mo/MΦs via TLR2-dependent secretion of CCL2 and CXCL1, which was confirmed by receptor blocking and exogenous chemokine administration. Importantly, we found that TLR2 contributed to macrophage mobility in the liver through a TLR2/NO/F-actin pathway, facilitating the formation of macrophage-associated hepatic microabscesses. Moreover, TLR2 activation induced the expression of several PRRs on hepatic macrophages associated with the recognition of Lm and augmented macrophage bacterial clearance activity. Our findings provide insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of TLR2-induced Mo/MΦ migration and mobility, as well as the interaction between macrophages and hepatocytes in resistance to Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingqing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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232
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Cho JS, Gu C, Han TH, Ryu JY, Lee SY. Reconstruction of context-specific genome-scale metabolic models using multiomics data to study metabolic rewiring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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233
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Constitutive release of CPS1 in bile and its role as a protective cytokine during acute liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9125-9134. [PMID: 30979808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1822173116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) is the major mitochondrial urea cycle enzyme in hepatocytes. It is released into mouse and human blood during acute liver injury, where is has a short half-life. The function of CPS1 in blood and the reason for its short half-life in serum are unknown. We show that CPS1 is released normally into mouse and human bile, and pathologically into blood during acute liver injury. Other cytoplasmic and mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes are also found in normal mouse bile. Serum, bile, and purified CPS1 manifest sedimentation properties that overlap with extracellular vesicles, due to the propensity of CPS1 to aggregate despite being released primarily as a soluble protein. During liver injury, CPS1 in blood is rapidly sequestered by monocytes, leading to monocyte M2-polarization and homing to the liver independent of its enzyme activity. Recombinant CPS1 (rCPS1), but not control r-transferrin, increases hepatic macrophage numbers and phagocytic activity. Notably, rCPS1 does not activate hepatic macrophages directly; rather, it activates bone marrow and circulating monocytes that then home to the liver. rCPS1 administration prevents mouse liver damage induced by Fas ligand or acetaminophen, but this protection is absent in macrophage-deficient mice. Moreover, rCPS1 protects from acetaminophen-induced liver injury even when given therapeutically after injury induction. In summary, CPS1 is normally found in bile but is released by hepatocytes into blood upon liver damage. We demonstrate a nonenzymatic function of CPS1 as an antiinflammatory protective cytokine during acute liver injury.
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234
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Ayyappan P, Harms RZ, Buckner JH, Sarvetnick NE. Coordinated Induction of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:658. [PMID: 31019506 PMCID: PMC6458289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated autoantibody production and complement activation leading to multi-organ damage. The disease is associated with increased intestinal permeability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SLE subjects have increased systemic exposure to bacteria. Since bacteria induce the expression of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs), we measured the levels of a series of clinically relevant ARFs in the plasma of SLE subjects. We found that levels of sCD14, lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in SLE subjects. A strong positive correlation was also observed between sCD14 and SELENA-SLEDAI score. Interestingly, the ratio of EndoCAb IgM:total IgM was significantly decreased in SLE and this ratio was negatively correlated with sCD14 levels. Although, there were no significant differences in the levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), we observed significant positive correlations between lysozyme levels and sCD14, LBP, and FABP2. Moreover, galectin-3 levels also positively correlate with lysozyme, sCD14, and LBP. Since our SLE cohort comprised 43.33% males, we were able to identify gender-specific changes in the levels of ARFs. Overall, these changes in the levels and relationships between ARFs link microbial exposure and SLE. Approaches to reduce microbial exposure or to improve barrier function may provide therapeutic strategies for SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan Ayyappan
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Robert Z. Harms
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nora E. Sarvetnick
- Department of Surgery-Transplant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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235
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Luo F, Liu H, Yang S, Fang Y, Zhao Z, Hu Y, Jin Y, Li P, Gao T, Cao C, Liu X. Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl- and Arg-Mediated IRF3 Phosphorylation Regulates Innate Immune Responses by Promoting Type I IFN Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2254-2265. [PMID: 30842273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays important roles in T cell development and immune responses; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcriptional regulator of type I IFN-dependent immune responses against DNA and RNA viruses. The data in this study show that IRF3 is physically associated with c-Abl in vivo and directly binds to c-Abl in vitro. IRF3 is phosphorylated by c-Abl and c-Abl-related kinase, Arg, mainly at Y292. The inhibitor AMN107 inhibits IFN-β production induced by poly(dA:dT), poly(I:C), and Sendai virus in THP-1 and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cells. IRF3-induced transcription of IFN-β is significantly reduced by the mutation of Y292 to F. Moreover, AMN107 suppresses gene expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and subsequently reduces inflammasome activation induced by cytosolic bacteria, dsDNA, and DNA viruses. Consistent with this finding, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (Ft LVS), which is known as an activator of AIM2 inflammasome, induces death in significantly more C57BL/6 mice treated with the Abl inhibitor AMN107 or c-Abl/Arg small interfering RNA than in untreated mice. This study provides new insight into the function of c-Abl and Arg in regulating immune responses and AIM2 inflammasome activation, especially against Ft LVS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hainan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; and
| | - Yi Fang
- 307 Hospital, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanwen Jin
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China;
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236
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Akbarzadeh A, Pakravan S, Niroomand M, Abkenar KB, Nimvari ME, Karimi K, Ghazvini A, Jalali SAH. Effect of dietary date seed meal as an alternative carbohydrate source on immune-related gene expression of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:994-998. [PMID: 30592966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current study aimed to examine the effect of dietary date seed meal (DSM) as an alternative carbohydrate ingredient on immune-related genes expression of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). A total number of 750 shrimp (4.0 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned into five experimental treatments, each with three replicates. Experimental diets contained 0, 50, 100, 150 and 230 g/kg DSM substituted for both wheat and rice flour. Shrimp were fed at a rate of 5% body weight three times daily and the mRNA expression of α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), integrin β, and peroxinectin (PX) was studied on five shrimp per treatment after 8 weeks feeding trial. The results showed that replacement of DSM up to 100 g/kg in the diet of P. vannamei caused no significant changes in the expression of α2-M and integrin β, however both of these genes showed lower expression in shrimp fed diets containing 150 and 230 g/kg DSM compared to control group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the expression of PX and LGBP between shrimp fed diets containing different amounts of DSM and control group. These findings demonstrated that as an inexpensive source of carbohydrate, DSM could be substituted up to 100 g/kg for wheat and rice flour in the diet of farmed shrimp without suppressive effects on the immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Pakravan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Niroomand
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kobra Babanejad Abkenar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Eshagh Nimvari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kimia Karimi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box: 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Azin Ghazvini
- Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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237
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Stojanovic B, Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Strazic Geljic I, Arsenijevic N, Jonjic S, Lukic ML, Milovanovic M. Galectin-3 Deficiency Facilitates TNF-α-Dependent Hepatocyte Death and Liver Inflammation in MCMV Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:185. [PMID: 30800112 PMCID: PMC6376859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has a role in multiple inflammatory pathways. Various, opposite roles of Gal-3 in liver diseases have been described but there are no data about the role of Gal-3 in development of hepatitis induced with cytomegalovirus infection. In this study we aimed to clarify the role of Gal-3 in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-induced hepatitis by using Gal-3-deficient (Gal-3 KO) mice. Here we provide the evidence that Gal-3 has the protective role in MCMV-induced hepatitis. Enhanced hepatitis manifested by more inflammatory and necrotic foci and serum level of ALT, enhanced apoptosis and necroptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced viral replication were detected in MCMV-infected Gal-3 deficient mice. NK cells does not contribute to more severe liver damage in MCMV-infected Gal-3 KO mice. Enhanced expression of TNF-α in the hepatocytes of Gal-3 KO mice after MCMV infection, abrogated hepatocyte death, and attenuated inflammation in the livers of Gal-3 KO mice after TNF-α blockade suggest that TNF-α plays the role in enhanced disease in Gal-3 deficient animals. Treatment with recombinant Gal-3 reduces inflammation and especially necrosis of hepatocytes in the livers of MCMV-infected Gal-3 KO mice. Our data highlight the protective role of Gal-3 in MCMV-induced hepatitis by attenuation of TNF-α-mediated death of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Histology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Strazic Geljic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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238
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Kanamori Y, Murakami M, Sugiyama M, Hashimoto O, Matsui T, Funaba M. Hepcidin and IL-1β. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 110:143-156. [PMID: 30798809 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin expression is determined through transcriptional regulation by systemic iron status. However, acute or chronic inflammation also increases the expression of hepcidin, which is associated with the dysregulation of iron metabolism in pathological conditions. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been suggested to be a principal molecule to confer inflammation-related hepcidin transcription, which is mediated via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-binding site on the hepcidin promoter. Recently, it has been uncovered that another pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β stimulates hepcidin expression through the distinct mechanism underlying IL-6-mediated hepcidin transcription. In addition to IL-6 induction, IL-1β stimulates expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)δ, a transcription factor, leading to transcriptional activation of hepcidin via C/EBP-binding site on the hepcidin promoter. Thus, hepcidin transcription is stimulated through multiple elements in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Relationships between increased production of IL-1β and dysregulated iron metabolism have been suggested in various diseases, which may be linked to overproduction of hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kanamori
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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239
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Gao B, Ahmad MF, Nagy LE, Tsukamoto H. Inflammatory pathways in alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2019; 70:249-259. [PMID: 30658726 PMCID: PMC6361545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are primary contributors to the development and progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), with severe alcoholic hepatitis characterised by non-resolving inflammation. Inflammation in the progression of ASH is a complex response to microbial dysbiosis, loss of barrier integrity in the intestine, hepatocellular stress and death, as well as inter-organ crosstalk. Herein, we review the roles of multiple cell types that are involved in inflammation in ASH, including resident macrophages and infiltrating monocytes, as well as other cell types in the innate and adaptive immune system. In response to chronic, heavy alcohol exposure, hepatocytes themselves also contribute to the inflammatory process; hepatocytes express a large number of chemokines and inflammatory mediators and can also release damage-associated molecular patterns during injury and death. These cellular responses are mediated and accompanied by changes in the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as by signals which orchestrate the recruitment of immune cells and activation of the inflammatory process. Additional mechanisms for cell-cell and inter-organ communication in ASH are also reviewed, including the roles of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs, as well as inter-organ crosstalk. We highlight the concept that inflammation also plays an important role in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial infection. Understanding the complex regulatory processes that are disrupted during the progression of ASH will likely lead to better targeted strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Maleeha F Ahmad
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Departments of Molecular Medicine, Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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240
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Ooi J, Langley SR, Xu X, Utami KH, Sim B, Huang Y, Harmston NP, Tay YL, Ziaei A, Zeng R, Low D, Aminkeng F, Sobota RM, Ginhoux F, Petretto E, Pouladi MA. Unbiased Profiling of Isogenic Huntington Disease hPSC-Derived CNS and Peripheral Cells Reveals Strong Cell-Type Specificity of CAG Length Effects. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2494-2508.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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241
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Schwarzkopf K, Rüschenbaum S, Barat S, Cai C, Mücke MM, Fitting D, Weigert A, Brüne B, Zeuzem S, Welsch C, Lange CM. IL-22 and IL-22-Binding Protein Are Associated With Development of and Mortality From Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:392-405. [PMID: 30859151 PMCID: PMC6396350 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has context-dependent hepatoprotective or adverse properties in vitro and in animal models. IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble inhibitor of IL-22 signaling. The role of IL-22 and IL-22BP in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear. Beginning in August 2013, patients with liver cirrhosis with and without ACLF were prospectively enrolled and followed at predefined time points. IL-22 and IL-22BP concentrations were quantified and associated with clinical endpoints. The impact of IL-22BP on hepatocellular IL-22 signaling was assessed by functional experiments. A total of 139 patients were analyzed, including 45 (32%), 52 (37%), and 42 (30%) patients with compensated/stable decompensated liver cirrhosis, acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis, and ACLF at baseline, respectively. Serum levels of IL-22 and IL-22BP were strongly associated with the presence of, or progression to, ACLF (P < 0.001), and with mortality (P < 0.01). Importantly, the mean IL-22BP levels exceeded IL-22 levels more than 300-fold. Furthermore, IL-22BP/IL-22 ratios were lowest in patients with adverse outcomes (i.e., ACLF and death). In vitro experiments showed that IL-22BP at these concentrations inhibits hepatocellular IL-22 signaling, including the induction of acute-phase proteins. The capacity of patient serum to induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation was substantially higher in the presence of low versus high IL-22BP/IL-22 ratios. Conclusion: Our study reveals that high IL-22 levels and low ratios of IL-22BP/IL-22 are associated with ACLF and mortality of patients with cirrhosis. Excessive secretion of IL-22BP can neutralize IL-22 in vitro and may prevent-likely in a context-specific manner-hepatoprotective, but also adverse effects, of IL-22 in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schwarzkopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sabrina Rüschenbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Chengcong Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Marcus M Mücke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Daniel Fitting
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry 1 Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry 1 Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
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242
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George J, Tsuchishima M, Tsutsumi M. Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of N-nitrosodimethylamine induced hepatic fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30622238 PMCID: PMC6325159 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is marked by excessive synthesis and deposition of connective tissue proteins, especially interstitial collagens in the extracellular matrix of the liver. It is a result of an abnormal wound healing in response to chronic liver injury from various causes such as ethanol, viruses, toxins, drugs, or cholestasis. The chronic stimuli involved in the initiation of fibrosis leads to oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species that serve as mediators of molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. These processes lead to cellular injury and initiate inflammatory responses releasing a variety of cytokines and growth factors that trigger activation and transformation of resting hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast like cells, which in turn start excessive synthesis of connective tissue proteins, especially collagens. Uncontrolled and extensive fibrosis results in distortion of lobular architecture of the liver leading to nodular formation and cirrhosis. The perpetual injury and regeneration process could also results in genomic aberrations and mutations that lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review covers most aspects of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis with special emphasize on N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA; Dimethylnitorsmaine, DMN) as the inducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph George
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchishima
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
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243
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The Crosstalk between Fat Homeostasis and Liver Regional Immunity in NAFLD. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3954890. [PMID: 30719457 PMCID: PMC6335683 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3954890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is well known as the center of glucose and lipid metabolism in the human body. It also functions as an immune organ. Previous studies have suggested that liver nonparenchymal cells are crucial in the progression of NAFLD. In recent years, NAFLD's threat to human health has been becoming a global issue. And by far, there is no effective treatment for NAFLD. Liver nonparenchymal cells are stimulated by lipid antigens, adipokines, or other factors, and secreted immune factors can alter the expression of key proteins such as SREBP-1c, ChREBP, and PPARγ to regulate lipid metabolism, thus affecting the pathological process of NAFLD. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (including miRNAs and lncRNAs) participate in the pathological process of NAFLD by changing body fat homeostasis. And even some ncRNAs could regulate the activity of HSCs, thereby affecting the progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the course of NAFLD. In conclusion, immunotherapy could be an effective way to treat NAFLD.
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244
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Dog hepatocytes are key effector cells in the liver innate immune response to Leishmania infantum. Parasitology 2018; 146:753-764. [PMID: 30561285 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes constitute the majority of hepatic cells, and play a key role in controlling systemic innate immunity, via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and by synthesizing complement and acute phase proteins. Leishmania infantum, a protozoan parasite that causes human and canine leishmaniasis, infects liver by establishing inside the Kupffer cells. The current study proposes the elucidation of the immune response generated by dog hepatocytes when exposed to L. infantum. Additionally, the impact of adding leishmanicidal compound, meglumine antimoniate (MgA), to parasite-exposed hepatocytes was also addressed. L. infantum presents a high tropism to hepatocytes, establishing strong membrane interactions. The possibility of L. infantum internalization by hepatocytes was raised, but not confirmed. Hepatocytes were able to recognize parasite presence, inducing PRRs [nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)1, NOD2 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2] gene expression and generating a mix pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response. Reduction of cytochrome P 450s enzyme activity was also observed concomitant with the inflammatory response. Addition of MgA increased NOD2, TLR4 and interleukin 10 gene expression, indicating an immunomodulatory role for MgA. Hepatocytes seem to have a major role in coordinating liver's innate immune response against L. infantum infection, activating inflammatory mechanisms, but always balancing the inflammatory response in order to avoid cell damage.
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245
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Stahl EC, Haschak MJ, Popovic B, Brown BN. Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2795. [PMID: 30555477 PMCID: PMC6284020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1. 5 billion in 2050. Aged individuals are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able to regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised of both Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages, are implicated in several chronic liver diseases and also play important roles in the homeostatic functions of the liver. The effects of aging on hepatic macrophage population dynamics, polarization, and function are not well understood. Studies performed on macrophages derived from other aged sources, such as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, and brain, demonstrate general reductions in autophagy and phagocytosis, dysfunction in cytokine signaling, and altered morphology and distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes and mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable to hepatic macrophages. This review highlights recent findings in macrophage developmental biology and function, particularly in the liver, and discusses the role of macrophages in various age-related liver diseases. A better understanding of the biology of aging that influences hepatic macrophages and thus the progression of chronic liver disease will be crucial in order to develop new interventions and treatments for liver disease in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Haschak
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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246
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Nahar S, Nakashima Y, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kinjo T, Toyoda Z, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi H, Fujita J. Cytokines in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of liver disease. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:146-159. [PMID: 30631390 PMCID: PMC6325075 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. ADSCs are characterized by being harvested from the patient's own subcutaneous adipose tissue, a high cell yield (i.e., reduced immune rejection response), accumulation at a disease nidus, suppression of excessive immune response, production of various growth factors and cytokines, angiogenic effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and control of immune cells via cell-cell interaction. We previously showed that conditioned medium of ADSCs promoted hepatocyte proliferation and improved the liver function in a mouse model of acute liver failure. Furthermore, as found by many other groups, the administration of ADSCs improved liver tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis. A comprehensive protein expression analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry showed that the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs promote the healing of liver disease. In this review, we examine the ability of expressed protein components of ADSCs to promote healing in cell therapy for liver disease. Previous studies demonstrated that ADSCs are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. This review describes the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs that promote the healing of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifun Nahar
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takao Kinjo
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Zensei Toyoda
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama Univer sity Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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247
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Skibiel AL, Peñagaricano F, Amorín R, Ahmed BM, Dahl GE, Laporta J. In Utero Heat Stress Alters the Offspring Epigenome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14609. [PMID: 30279561 PMCID: PMC6168509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intrauterine heat stress during late gestation affects offspring performance into adulthood. However, underlying mechanistic links between thermal insult in fetal life and postnatal outcomes are not completely understood. We examined morphology, DNA methylation, and gene expression of liver and mammary gland for bull calves and heifers that were gestated under maternal conditions of heat stress or cooling (i.e. in utero heat stressed vs. in utero cooled calves). Mammary tissue was harvested from dairy heifers during their first lactation and liver from bull calves at birth. The liver of in utero heat stressed bull calves contained more cells and the mammary glands of in utero heat stressed heifers were comprised of smaller alveoli. We identified more than 1,500 CpG sites differently methylated between maternal treatment groups. These CpGs were associated with approximately 400 genes, which play a role in processes, such as development, innate immune defense, cell signaling, and transcription and translation. We also identified over 100 differentially expressed genes in the mammary gland with similar functions. Interestingly, fifty differentially methylated genes were shared by both bull calf liver and heifer mammary gland. Intrauterine heat stress alters the methylation profile of liver and mammary DNA and programs their morphology in postnatal life, which may contribute to the poorer performance of in utero heat stressed calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R Amorín
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B M Ahmed
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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248
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Li H, Feng D, Cai Y, Liu Y, Xu M, Xiang X, Zhou Z, Xia Q, Kaplan MJ, Kong X, Gao B. Hepatocytes and neutrophils cooperatively suppress bacterial infection by differentially regulating lipocalin-2 and neutrophil extracellular traps. Hepatology 2018; 68:1604-1620. [PMID: 29633303 PMCID: PMC6173649 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a key antibacterial protein, is highly elevated in patients with end-stage liver disease that is often associated with bacterial infection. LCN2 is expressed at high levels in both hepatocytes and neutrophils; however, how hepatocyte-derived and neutrophil-derived LCN2 cooperate to combat bacterial infection remains unclear. Here, by studying hepatocyte-specific and myeloid-specific Lcn2 knockout mice in two models of systemic and local Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, we demonstrated that hepatocytes played a critical role in controlling systemic infection by secreting LCN2 protein into the circulation following intraperitoneal injection of bacteria, whereas neutrophils were more important in combating local lung infection by carrying LCN2 in their specific granules to the local infection site following intratracheal intubation of bacteria. Both hepatocyte-derived and myeloid cell-derived LCN2 were required against bacterial infection in the peritoneal cavity and liver necrotic areas following intraperitoneal injection of Klebsiella pneumoniae. LCN2/NGAL protein was detected in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in activated neutrophils from mice and humans. Disruption of the Lcn2 gene in neutrophils abolished LCN2 on NETs, whereas deletion of this gene in hepatocytes did not affect LCN2 protein on NETs. Genetic deletion of the Lcn2 gene globally or specifically in neutrophils did not affect NET formation but reduced the bactericidal effect of NETs in vitro. Finally, NGAL-positive NETs were detected in the liver from patients with various types of liver diseases. CONCLUSION Both hepatocytes and neutrophils combat bacterial infection through the production of LCN2; extracellular LCN2 secreted by hepatocytes limits systemic bacterial infection, whereas neutrophils carry LCN2 protein to the local site and against local bacterial infection through NETs. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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249
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Lindquist JA, Mertens PR. Cold shock proteins: from cellular mechanisms to pathophysiology and disease. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:63. [PMID: 30257675 PMCID: PMC6158828 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold shock proteins are multifunctional RNA/DNA binding proteins, characterized by the presence of one or more cold shock domains. In humans, the best characterized members of this family are denoted Y-box binding proteins, such as Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1). Biological activities range from the regulation of transcription, splicing and translation, to the orchestration of exosomal RNA content. Indeed, the secretion of YB-1 from cells via exosomes has opened the door to further potent activities. Evidence links a skewed cold shock protein expression pattern with cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this review the evidence for a causative involvement of cold shock proteins in disease development and progression is summarized. Furthermore, the potential application of cold shock proteins for diagnostics and as targets for therapy is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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250
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Nakashima Y, Nahar S, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kinjo T, Toyoda Z, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Fujita J, Noguchi H. A Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis of the Proteins Secreted by Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1469-1494. [PMID: 30226075 PMCID: PMC6180722 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718795096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography using a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) is a method of
proteomic analysis. A shotgun analysis by LC-MS/MS comprehensively identifies proteins
from tissues and cells with high resolution. The hepatic function of mice with acute
hepatitis following the intraperitoneal administration of CCL4 was improved by the tail
vein administration of the culture conditional medium (CM) of human mesenchymal stem cells
from adipose tissue (hMSC-AT). In this study, a secreted protein expression analysis of
hMSC-AT was performed using LC-MS/MS; 128 proteins were identified. LC-MS/MS showed that
106 new functional proteins and 22 proteins (FINC, PAI1, POSTN, PGS2, TIMP1, AMPN, CFAH,
VIME, PEDF, SPRC, LEG1, ITGBL, ENOA, CSPG2, CLUS, IBP4, IBP7, PGS1, IBP2, STC2, CTHR1,
CD9) were previously reported in hMSC-AT-CMs. In addition, various proteins associated
with growth (SAP, SEM7A, PTK7); immune system processes (CO1A2, CO1A1, CATB, TSP1, GAS6,
PTX3, C1 S, SEM7A, G3P, PXDN, SRCRL, CD248, SPON2, ENPP2, CD109, CFAB, CATL1, MFAP5, MIF,
CXCL5, ADAM9, CATK); and reproduction (MMP2, CATB, FBLN1, SAP, MFGM, GDN, CYTC) were
identified in hMSC-AT-CMs. These results indicate that a comprehensive expression analysis
of proteins by LC-MS/MS is useful for investigating new factors associated with cellular
components, biological processes, and molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Saifun Nahar
- 2 Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takao Kinjo
- 3 Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Zensei Toyoda
- 3 Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- 5 Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- 6 Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- 2 Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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