201
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Li T, Shi C, Jin F, Yang F, Gu L, Wang T, Dong W, Feng ZQ. Cell activity modulation and its specific function maintenance by bioinspired electromechanical nanogenerator. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2350. [PMID: 34559554 PMCID: PMC8462902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as a three-dimensional (3D) network and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell development, migration, function expression, etc. Here, inspired by these biophysical cues of ECM, we develop an electromechanical coupling bio-nanogenerator (bio-NG) composed of highly discrete piezoelectric fibers. It can generate surface piezopotential up to millivolts by cell inherent force and thus provide in situ electrical stimulation for the living cells. Besides, the unique 3D space in the bio-NGs provides an ECM-like growth microenvironment for cells. As a result, our bio-NGs effectively promote cell viability and development and, more importantly, maintain its specific functional expression. These advanced in vitro bio-NGs are expected to fill the gap between the inaccurate 2D systems and the expensive and time-consuming animal models, mimicking the complexity of the ECM and the physiological relevance of an in vivo biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chuanmei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Long Gu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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202
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Almeida Machado Costa C, Wang XF, Ellsworth C, Deng WM. Polyploidy in development and tumor models in Drosophila. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:106-118. [PMID: 34562587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy, a cell status defined as more than two sets of genomic DNA, is a conserved strategy across species that can increase cell size and biosynthetic production, but the functional aspects of polyploidy are nuanced and vary across cell types. Throughout Drosophila developmental stages (embryo, larva, pupa and adult), polyploid cells are present in numerous organs and help orchestrate development while contributing to normal growth, well-being and homeostasis of the organism. Conversely, increasing evidence has shown that polyploid cells are prevalent in Drosophila tumors and play important roles in tumor growth and invasiveness. Here, we summarize the genes and pathways involved in polyploidy during normal and tumorigenic development, the mechanisms underlying polyploidization, and the functional aspects of polyploidy in development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Almeida Machado Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Xian-Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Calder Ellsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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203
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Neininger AC, Dai X, Liu Q, Burnette DT. The Hippo pathway regulates density-dependent proliferation of iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17759. [PMID: 34493746 PMCID: PMC8423799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing cardiac myocytes to proliferate is considered a potential therapy to target heart disease, however, modulating cardiac myocyte proliferation has proven to be a technical challenge. The Hippo pathway is a kinase signaling cascade that regulates cell proliferation during the growth of the heart. Inhibition of the Hippo pathway increases the activation of the transcription factors YAP/TAZ, which translocate to the nucleus and upregulate transcription of pro-proliferative genes. The Hippo pathway regulates the proliferation of cancer cells, pluripotent stem cells, and epithelial cells through a cell-cell contact-dependent manner, however, it is unclear if cell density-dependent cell proliferation is a consistent feature in cardiac myocytes. Here, we used cultured human iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes (hiCMs) as a model system to investigate this concept. hiCMs have a comparable transcriptome to the immature cardiac myocytes that proliferate during heart development in vivo. Our data indicate that a dense syncytium of hiCMs can regain cell cycle activity and YAP expression and activity when plated sparsely or when density is reduced through wounding. We found that combining two small molecules, XMU-MP-1 and S1P, increased YAP activity and further enhanced proliferation of low-density hiCMs. Importantly, these compounds had no effect on hiCMs within a dense syncytium. These data add to a growing body of literature that link Hippo pathway regulation with cardiac myocyte proliferation and demonstrate that regulation is restricted to cells with reduced contact inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Neininger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaozhaun Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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204
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Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
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205
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Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes mostly utilize oxidation of fatty acids to generate ATP. The fetal heart, in stark contrast, mostly uses anaerobic glycolysis. During perinatal development, thyroid hormone drives extensive metabolic remodeling in the heart for adaptation to extrauterine life. These changes coincide with critical functional maturation and exit of the cell cycle, making the heart a post-mitotic organ. Here, we review the current understanding on the perinatal shift in metabolism, hormonal status, and proliferative potential in cardiomyocytes. Thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids have roles in adult cardiac metabolism, and both pathways have been implicated as regulators of myocardial regeneration. We discuss the evidence that suggests these processes could be interrelated and how this can help explain variation in cardiac regeneration across ontogeny and phylogeny, and we note what breakthroughs are still to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Graham
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: Guo N Huang, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Room 352V, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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206
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Kay M, Soltani BM, Nemir M, Aghagolzadeh P, Pezzuto I, Chouvardas P, Ruberto F, Movahedi F, Ansari H, Baharvand H, Pedrazzini T. The conserved long noncoding RNA CARMA regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2339-2353. [PMID: 34459880 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Production of functional cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells requires tight control of the differentiation process. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical regulatory function in cell specification during development. In this study, we designed an integrated approach to identify lncRNAs implicated in cardiogenesis in differentiating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). METHODS AND RESULTS We identified CARMA (CARdiomyocyte Maturation-Associated lncRNA), a conserved lncRNA controlling cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation in human ESCs. CARMA is located adjacent to MIR-1-1HG, the host gene for two cardiogenic miRNAs: MIR1-1 and MIR-133a2, and transcribed in an antisense orientation. The expression of CARMA and the miRNAs is negatively correlated, and CARMA knockdown increases MIR1-1 and MIR-133a2 expression. In addition, CARMA possesses MIR-133a2 binding sites, suggesting the lncRNA could be also a target of miRNA action. Upon CARMA downregulation, MIR-133a2 target protein-coding genes are coordinately downregulated. Among those, we found RBPJ, the gene encoding the effector of the NOTCH pathway. NOTCH has been shown to control a binary cell fate decision between the mesoderm and the neuroectoderm lineages, and NOTCH inhibition leads to enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation at the expense of neuroectodermal derivatives. Interestingly, two lncRNAs, linc1230 and linc1335, which are known repressors of neuroectodermal specification, were found upregulated upon Notch1 silencing in ESCs. Forced expression of either linc1230 or linc1335 improved ESC-derived cardiomyocyte production. These two lncRNAs were also found upregulated following CARMA knockdown in ESCs. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data suggest the existence of a network, implicating three newly identified lncRNAs, the two myomirs MIR1-1 and MIR-133a2 and the NOTCH signaling pathway, for the coordinated regulation of cardiogenic differentiation in ESCs. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Cardiac dysfunction and heart failure develop secondary to a massive loss of cardiomyocytes in the damaged myocardium. Several avenues have been evaluated to promote regeneration following injury. Cell therapy for heart disease envisages the production of functional cardiomyocytes from differentiating pluripotent stem cells prior transfer into the injured heart muscle. Here, we report the functional characterization of CARMA, a lncRNA implicated in cardiogenesis. CARMA knockdown in differentiating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) promotes cardiogenic commitment and cardiomyocyte differentiation. CARMA represents therefore a novel target for improving human ESC-derived cardiomyocyte production, and cell-based regenerative strategies for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Parisa Aghagolzadeh
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iole Pezzuto
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Ruberto
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fatemeh Movahedi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Divison of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
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207
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Dynamic Patterns of N6-Methyladenosine Profiles of Messenger RNA Correlated with the Cardiomyocyte Regenerability during the Early Heart Development in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537804. [PMID: 34413927 PMCID: PMC8369182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) plays important roles in regulating mRNA processing. Despite rapid progress in this field, little is known about the role and mechanism of m6A modification in myocardial development and cardiomyocyte regeneration. Existing studies have shown that the heart tissues of newborn mice have the capability of proliferation and regeneration, but its mechanism, particularly its relation to m6A methylation, remains unknown. Methods. To systematically profile the mRNA m6A modification pattern in the heart tissues of mice at different developmental stages, we jointly performed methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of heart tissues of mice, respectively, aged 1 day old, 7 days old, and 28 days old. Results. We identified the linkages and association between differentially expressed mRNA transcripts and hyper or hypomethylated m6A peaks in C57BL/6J mice at different heart developmental stages. Results showed that the amount of m6A peaks and the level of m6A modification were the lowest in the heart of mice at 1 day old. By contrast, heart tissues from 7-day-old mice tended to possess the most m6A peaks and the highest global m6A level. However, the m6A characteristics of myocardial tissue changed little after 7 days old as compared to that of 1 day old. Specifically, we found 1269 downmethylated genes of 1434 methylated genes in 7-day-old mouse heart tissues as compared to those in 1-day-old mice. Hypermethylation of some specific genes may correlate with the heart's strong proliferative and regenerative capability at the first day after birth. In terms of m6A density, the tendency shifted from coding sequences (CDS) to 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTR) and stop codon with the progression of heart development. In addition, some genes demonstrated remarkable changes both in methylation and expression, like kiss1, plekha6, and megf6, which may play important roles in proliferation. Furthermore, signaling pathways highly related to proliferation such as “Wnt signaling pathway,” “ECM-receptor interaction,” and “cardiac chamber formation” were significantly enriched in 1-day-old methylated genes. Conclusions. Our results reveal a pattern that different m6A modifications are distributed in C57BL/6J heart tissue at different developmental stages, which provides new insights into a novel function of m6A methylation of mRNA in myocardial development and regeneration.
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208
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Litowczenko J, Woźniak-Budych MJ, Staszak K, Wieszczycka K, Jurga S, Tylkowski B. Milestones and current achievements in development of multifunctional bioscaffolds for medical application. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2412-2438. [PMID: 33553825 PMCID: PMC7847813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, which aims to restore or improve lost tissue function. Despite that TE was introduced more than 20 years ago, innovative and more sophisticated trends and technologies point to new challenges and development. Current challenges involve the demand for multifunctional bioscaffolds which can stimulate tissue regrowth by biochemical curves, biomimetic patterns, active agents and proper cell types. For those purposes especially promising are carefully chosen primary cells or stem cells due to its high proliferative and differentiation potential. This review summarized a variety of recently reported advanced bioscaffolds which present new functions by combining polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive agents and cells depending on its desired application. In particular necessity of study biomaterial-cell interactions with in vitro cell culture models, and studies using animals with in vivo systems were discuss to permit the analysis of full material biocompatibility. Although these bioscaffolds have shown a significant therapeutic effect in nervous, cardiovascular and muscle, tissue engineering, there are still many remaining unsolved challenges for scaffolds improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Litowczenko
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta J. Woźniak-Budych
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Staszak
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wieszczycka
- Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Chemical Technologies Unit, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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209
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases top the list of fatal illnesses worldwide. Cardiac tissues is known to be one of te least proliferative in the human body, with very limited regenraive capacity. Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the experimental setting, but success in human trials has been limited. Applications of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration necessitate understamding of the complex and unique structure of the heart unit, and the embryologic development of the heart muscles and vessels. This chapter aims to provide an insight into cardiac progenitor cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. It also provides an overview of the embryological development of cardiac tissue, and the major findings on the development of cardiac stem cells, their characterization, and differentiation, and their regenerative potential. It concludes with clinical applications in treating cardiac disease using different approaches, and concludes with areas for future research.
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210
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Bae J, Paltzer WG, Mahmoud AI. The Role of Metabolism in Heart Failure and Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:702920. [PMID: 34336958 PMCID: PMC8322239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.702920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. The inability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate following injury results in the development of systolic heart failure. Thus, identifying novel approaches toward regenerating the adult heart has enormous therapeutic potential for adult heart failure. Mitochondrial metabolism is an essential homeostatic process for maintaining growth and survival. The emerging role of mitochondrial metabolism in controlling cell fate and function is beginning to be appreciated. Recent evidence suggests that metabolism controls biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, which has profound implications during development and regeneration. The regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is lost by the first week of postnatal development when cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated. This inability to regenerate following injury is correlated with the metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation that occurs during heart maturation in the postnatal heart. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate cardiac metabolism is key to unlocking metabolic interventions during development, disease, and regeneration. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of metabolism in cardiac development and regeneration and discuss the potential of targeting metabolism for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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211
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Direct in vivo reprogramming with non-viral sequential targeting nanoparticles promotes cardiac regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121028. [PMID: 34293701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-mediated direct cardiac reprogramming, directly converts fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs), which holds great promise in cardiac regeneration therapy. However, effective approaches to deliver therapeutic microRNA into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to induce in vivo cardiac reprogramming remain to be explored. Herein, a non-viral biomimetic system to directly reprogram CFs for cardiac regeneration after myocardial injury was developed by coating FH peptide-modified neutrophil-mimicking membranes on mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with microRNA1, 133, 208, and 499 (miR Combo). Through utilizing the natural inflammation-homing ability of neutrophil membrane protein and FH peptide's high affinity to tenascin-C (TN-C) produced by CFs, this nanoparticle could realize sequential targeting to CFs in the injured heart and precise intracellular delivery of miRCombo, which induced reprogramming resident CFs into iCMs. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, intravenous injection of the nanoparticles successfully delivered miRCombo into fibroblasts and led to efficient reprogramming, resulting in improved cardiac function and attenuated fibrosis. This delivery system is minimally invasive and bio-safe, providing a proof-of-concept for biomimetic and sequential targeting nanomedicine delivery system for microRNA-mediated reprogramming therapy in multiple diseases.
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212
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Lafci Büyükkahraman M, Sabine GK, Kojouharov HV, Chen-Charpentier BM, McMahan SR, Liao J. Using models to advance medicine: mathematical modeling of post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:298-307. [PMID: 34266318 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1953487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The heart is an organ with limited capacity for regeneration and repair. The irreversible cell death and corresponding diminished ability of the heart to repair after myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this paper, a new mathematical model is presented to study the left ventricular (LV) remodeling and associated events after MI. The model accurately describes and predicts the interactions among heart cells and the immune system post-MI in the absence of medical interventions. The resulting system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is studied both analytically and numerically in order to demonstrate the functionality and performance of the new model. To the best of our knowledge, this model is the only one of its kind to consider and correctly apply all of the known factors in diseased heart LV modeling. This model has the potential to provide researchers with a predictive computational tool to better understand the MI pathology and develop various cell-based treatment options, with benefits of lowering the cost and reducing the development time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Lafci Büyükkahraman
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Gavin K Sabine
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Hristo V Kojouharov
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Sara R McMahan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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213
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Contessotto P, Orbanić D, Da Costa M, Jin C, Owens P, Chantepie S, Chinello C, Newell J, Magni F, Papy-Garcia D, Karlsson NG, Kilcoyne M, Dockery P, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Pandit A. Elastin-like recombinamers-based hydrogel modulates post-ischemic remodeling in a non-transmural myocardial infarction in sheep. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/581/eaaz5380. [PMID: 33597263 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality due to irreversible damage to cardiac muscle. Inspired by the post-ischemic microenvironment, we devised an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking hydrogel using catalyst-free click chemistry covalent bonding between two elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs). The resulting customized hydrogel included functional domains for cell adhesion and protease cleavage sites, sensitive to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases overexpressed after myocardial infarction (MI). The scaffold permitted stromal cell invasion and endothelial cell sprouting in vitro. The incidence of non-transmural infarcts has increased clinically over the past decade, and there is currently no treatment preventing further functional deterioration in the infarcted areas. Here, we have developed a clinically relevant ovine model of non-transmural infarcts induced by multiple suture ligations. Intramyocardial injections of the degradable ELRs-hydrogel led to complete functional recovery of ejection fraction 21 days after the intervention. We observed less fibrosis and more angiogenesis in the ELRs-hydrogel-treated ischemic core region compared to the untreated animals, as validated by the expression, proteomic, glycomic, and histological analyses. These findings were accompanied by enhanced preservation of GATA4+ cardiomyocytes in the border zone of the infarct. We propose that our customized ECM favors cardiomyocyte preservation in the border zone by modulating the ischemic core and a marked functional recovery. The functional benefits obtained by the timely injection of the ELRs-hydrogel in a clinically relevant MI model support the potential utility of this treatment for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Contessotto
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Doriana Orbanić
- Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology (BIOFORGE Lab), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mark Da Costa
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Owens
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandrine Chantepie
- Laboratory Cell Growth, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration (CRRET), EA UPEC 4397/ERL CNRS 9215, University Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Clizia Chinello
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - John Newell
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Dulce Papy-Garcia
- Laboratory Cell Growth, Tissue Repair, and Regeneration (CRRET), EA UPEC 4397/ERL CNRS 9215, University Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - José C Rodríguez-Cabello
- Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology (BIOFORGE Lab), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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214
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Zhou W, Ma T, Ding S. Non-viral approaches for somatic cell reprogramming into cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 122:28-36. [PMID: 34238675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Due to lacking cardiomyocytes with replicative capacity and cardiac progenitor cells with differentiation potential in adult hearts, massive loss of cardiomyocytes after ischemic events produces permanent damage, ultimately leading to heart failure. Cellular reprogramming is a promising strategy to regenerate heart by induction of cardiomyocytes from other cell types, such as cardiac fibroblasts. In contrast to conventional virus-based cardiac reprogramming, non-viral approaches greatly reduce the potential risk that includes disruption of genome integrity by integration of foreign DNAs, expression of exogenous genes with oncogenic potential, and appearance of partially reprogrammed cells harmful for the physiological functions of tissues/organs, which impedes their in-vivo applications. Here, we review the recent progress in development of non-viral approaches to directly reprogram somatic cells towards cardiomyocytes and their therapeutic application for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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215
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Liu J, Liu S, Han L, Sheng Y, Zhang Y, Kim IM, Wan J, Yang L. LncRNA HBL1 is required for genome-wide PRC2 occupancy and function in cardiogenesis from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2021; 148:268341. [PMID: 34027990 PMCID: PMC8276986 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) deposits H3K27me3 on chromatin to silence transcription. PRC2 broadly interacts with RNAs. Currently, the role of the RNA-PRC2 interaction in human cardiogenesis remains elusive. Here, we found that human-specific heart brake lncRNA 1 (HBL1) interacted with two PRC2 subunits, JARID2 and EED, in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Loss of JARID2, EED or HBL1 significantly enhanced cardiac differentiation from hPSCs. HBL1 depletion disrupted genome-wide PRC2 occupancy and H3K27me3 chromatin modification on essential cardiogenic genes, and broadly enhanced cardiogenic gene transcription in undifferentiated hPSCs and later-on differentiation. In addition, ChIP-seq revealed reduced EED occupancy on 62 overlapped cardiogenic genes in HBL1−/− and JARID2−/− hPSCs, indicating that the epigenetic state of cardiogenic genes was determined by HBL1 and JARID2 at pluripotency stage. Furthermore, after cardiac development occurs, the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of HBL1 could crosstalk via a conserved ‘microRNA-1-JARID2’ axis to modulate cardiogenic gene transcription. Overall, our findings delineate the indispensable role of HBL1 in guiding PRC2 function during early human cardiogenesis, and expand the mechanistic scope of lncRNA(s) that cytosolic and nuclear portions of HBL1 could coordinate to orchestrate human cardiogenesis. Summary: This study reveals the indispensable role of the lncRNA HBL1 in guiding PRC2 function during early human cardiogenesis, and uncovers the crosstalk of the cytosolic and nuclear regions of HBL1 to orchestrate human cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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216
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Xie J, Wang Y, Ai D, Yao L, Jiang H. The role of the Hippo pathway in heart disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:5819-5833. [PMID: 34174031 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathies, is the leading causes of death worldwide. The Hippo pathway is a central controller for organ size and tissue growth, which plays a pivotal role in determining cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes proliferation, regeneration, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the effects of the Hippo pathway on heart disease and propose potential intervention targets. Especially, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of the Hippo pathway involved in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by regulating cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes function in the heart. Based on this, we conclude that the Hippo pathway is a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular therapy, which will bring new perspectives for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Liu Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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217
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Sun X, Wu J, Qiang B, Romagnuolo R, Gagliardi M, Keller G, Laflamme MA, Li RK, Nunes SS. Transplanted microvessels improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte engraftment and cardiac function after infarction in rats. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/562/eaax2992. [PMID: 32967972 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer an unprecedented opportunity to remuscularize infarcted human hearts. However, studies have shown that most hiPSC-CMs do not survive after transplantation into the ischemic myocardial environment, limiting their regenerative potential and clinical application. We established a method to improve hiPSC-CM survival by cotransplanting ready-made microvessels obtained from adipose tissue. Ready-made microvessels promoted a sixfold increase in hiPSC-CM survival and superior functional recovery when compared to hiPSC-CMs transplanted alone or cotransplanted with a suspension of dissociated endothelial cells in infarcted rat hearts. Microvessels showed unprecedented persistence and integration at both early (~80%, week 1) and late (~60%, week 4) time points, resulting in increased vessel density and graft perfusion, and improved hiPSC-CM maturation. These findings provide an approach to cell-based therapies for myocardial infarction, whereby incorporation of ready-made microvessels can improve functional outcomes in cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Sun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Beiping Qiang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rocco Romagnuolo
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mark Gagliardi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada.,Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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218
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Boheler KR, Meli AC, Yang HT. Special issue on recent progress with hPSC-derived cardiovascular cells for organoids, engineered myocardium, drug discovery, disease models, and therapy. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:983-988. [PMID: 34131786 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Albano C Meli
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment & Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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219
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Germena G, Hinkel R. iPSCs and Exosomes: Partners in Crime Fighting Cardiovascular Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060529. [PMID: 34207562 PMCID: PMC8230331 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms at the basis of these diseases is necessary in order to generate therapeutic approaches. Recently, cardiac tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming has led to a skyrocketing number of publications describing cardiovascular regeneration as a promising option for cardiovascular disease treatment. Generation of artificial tissue and organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells is in the pipeline for regenerative medicine. The present review summarizes the multiple approaches of heart regeneration with a special focus on iPSC application. In particular, we describe the strength of iPSCs as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms driving cardiovascular pathologies, as well as their potential in drug discovery. Moreover, we will describe some insights into novel discoveries of how stem-cell-secreted biomolecules, such as exosomes, could affect cardiac regeneration, and how the fine tuning of the immune system could be a revolutionary tool in the modulation of heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Germena
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (R.H.)
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220
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Rapamycin-Preactivated Autophagy Enhances Survival and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Transplantation into Infarcted Myocardium. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:344-356. [PMID: 31927699 PMCID: PMC7152587 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has been limited by poor survival of the engrafted cells in hostile microenvironment of the infarcted myocardium. This study investigated cytoprotective effect of rapamycin-preactivated autophagy on survival of the transplanted mesemchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs isolated from rat bone marrow were treated with 50 nmol/L rapamycin for 2 h, and then the cytoprotective effect of rapamycin was examined. After intramyocardial transplantation in rat ischemia/reperfusion models, the survival and differentiation of the rapamycin-pretreated calls were accessed. After treatment with rapamycin, autophagic activities and lysososme production of the cells were increased significantly. In the condition of short-term or long-term hypoxia and serum deprivation, the apoptotic cells in rapamycin-pretreated cells were less, and secretion of HGF, IGF-1, SCF, SDF-1 and VEGF was increased. After transplantation of rapamycin-pretreated cells, repair of the infarcted myocardium and restoration of cardial function were enhanced dramatically. Expression of HGF, IGF-1, SCF, SDF-1, VEGF, HIF-1α and IL-10 in the myocardium was upregulated, while expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was downregulated. Tracing of GFP and Sry gene showed that the survival of rapamycin-pretreated cells was increased. Cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium were strengthened. Some rapamycin-pretreated cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that moderate preactivation of autophagy with rapamycin enhances the survival and differentiation of the transplanted MSCs. Rapamycin-primed MSCs can promote repair of the infarcted myocardium and improvement of cardiac function effectively.
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221
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Setthawong P, Phakdeedindan P, Techakumphu M, Tharasanit T. Molecular signature and colony morphology affect in vitro pluripotency of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1104-1116. [PMID: 34013645 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overall efficiency of cell reprogramming for porcine fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is currently poor, and few cell lines have been established. This study examined gene expression during early phase of cellular reprogramming in the relationship to the iPSC colony morphology and in vitro pluripotent characteristics. Fibroblasts were reprogrammed with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Two different colony morphologies referred to either compact (n = 10) or loose (n = 10) colonies were further examined for proliferative activity, gene expression and in vitro pluripotency. A total of 1,697 iPSC-like colonies (2.34%) were observed after gene transduction. The compact colonies contained with tightly packed cells with a distinct-clear border between the colony and feeder cells, while loose colonies demonstrated irregular colony boundary. For quantitative expression of genes responsible for early phase cell reprogramming, the Dppa2 and EpCAM were significantly upregulated while NR0B1 was downregulated in compact colonies compared with loose phenotype (p < .05). Higher proportion of compact iPSC phenotype (5 of 10, 50%) could be maintained in undifferentiated state for more than 50 passages compared unfavourably with loose morphology (3 of 10, 30%). All iPS cell lines obtained from these two types of colony morphologies expressed pluripotent genes and proteins (OCT4, NANOG and E-cadherin). In addition, they could aggregate and form three-dimensional structure of embryoid bodies. However, only compact iPSC colonies differentiated into three germ layers. Molecular signature of early phase of cell reprogramming coupled with primary colony morphology reflected the in vitro pluripotency of porcine iPSCs. These findings can be simply applied for pre-screening selection of the porcine iPSC cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyathip Setthawong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praopilas Phakdeedindan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Techakumphu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,CU-Animal Fertility Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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222
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Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061343. [PMID: 34071596 PMCID: PMC8228050 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our dream of defeating the processes of aging has occupied the curious and has challenged scientists globally for hundreds of years. The history is long, and sadly, the solution is still elusive. Our endeavors to reverse the magnitude of damaging cellular and molecular alterations resulted in only a few, yet significant advancements. Furthermore, as our lifespan increases, physicians are facing more mind-bending questions in their routine practice than ever before. Although the ultimate goal is to successfully treat the body as a whole, steps towards regenerating individual organs are even considered significant. As our initial approach to enhance the endogenous restorative capacity by delivering exogenous progenitor cells appears limited, we propose, utilizing small molecules critical during embryonic development may prove to be a powerful tool to increase regeneration and to reverse the processes associated with aging. In this review, we introduce Thymosin beta-4, a 43aa secreted peptide fulfilling our hopes and capable of numerous regenerative achievements via systemic administration in the heart. Observing the broad capacity of this small, secreted peptide, we believe it is not the only molecule which nature conceals to our benefit. Hence, the discovery and postnatal administration of developmentally relevant agents along with other approaches may result in reversing the aging process.
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223
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Lê B, Dahl MJ, Albertine KH, Sutherland MR, Black MJ. Preterm Birth With Neonatal Interventions Accelerates Collagen Deposition in the Left Ventricle of Lambs Without Affecting Cardiomyocyte Development. CJC Open 2021; 3:574-584. [PMID: 34036257 PMCID: PMC8134943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults born preterm (< 37 weeks’ gestation) exhibit altered cardiac growth and are susceptible to cardiac dysfunction. Sheep studies have shown that moderate preterm birth results in maladaptive structural remodelling of the cardiac ventricles. The aim of this study was to examine ventricular structure in lambs born at a greater severity of preterm birth and ventilated postnatally. Methods Former-preterm lambs delivered at 128 days’ gestation, and mechanically ventilated for a week after birth, were compared with unventilated lambs born at term (150 days’ gestation), at 2 months (term: n = 10, former-preterm: n = 8), and 5 months (term: n = 9, former-preterm: n = 8) term-equivalent age. The right ventricle and left ventricle plus septum were analysed using immunohistochemistry, histology, and stereology. Results Cardiomyocyte number, cross-sectional area, proliferation, and apoptosis were not affected by preterm birth or age. Left ventricle plus septum interstitial collagen levels increased with age (P = 0.0015) and were exacerbated by preterm birth (P = 0.0006; 2 months term: 0.57% ± 0.07%, former-preterm: 1.44% ± 0.18%; 5 months term: 1.37% ± 0.25%, former-preterm: 2.15% ± 0.31%). Right ventricle interstitial collagen levels increased with age (P = 0.012) but were not affected by preterm birth. Conclusion This study is the first to explore the effect of preterm birth combined with modern neonatal interventions on the ventricular myocardium in lambs. There was no adverse impact on cardiomyocyte growth in early postnatal life. Of concern, however, there was increased collagen deposition in the preterm hearts, which has the potential to induce cardiac dysfunction, especially if it becomes exaggerated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lê
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mar Janna Dahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kurt H Albertine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Megan R Sutherland
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Jane Black
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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224
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Ye J, Xiao Z, Gao L, Zhang J, He L, Zhang H, Liu Q, Yang G. Assessment of the effects of four crosslinking agents on gelatin hydrogel for myocardial tissue engineering applications. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 16. [PMID: 33975301 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfff2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) transplantation is a promising option for regenerating infarcted myocardium. However, poor cell survival and residence rates reduce the efficacy of cell transplantation. Gelatin (GA) hydrogel as a frequently-used cell carrier is a possible approach to increase the survival rate of CMs. In this study, microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and chemical crosslinkers glutaraldehyde, genipin, and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide were employed to prepare GA hydrogels. The mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of these hydrogels were then evaluated. Neonatal rat CMs (NRCMs) were isolated and inoculated on the surface of these hydrogels or encapsulated in mTG-hydrogels. Cellular growth morphology and beating behavior were observed. Cellular viability and immunofluorescence were analyzed. Intracellular Ca2+transient and membrane potential propagation were detected using fluorescence dyes (Fluo-3 and di-4-ANEPPS, respectively). Results showed that the chemical crosslinkers exhibited high cytotoxicity and resulted in high rates of cell death. By contrast, mTG-hydrogels showed excellent cell compatibility. The CMs cultured in mTG-hydrogels for a week expressed CM maturation markers. The NRCMs begun independently beating on the third day of culture, and their beating synchronized after a week of culture. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+transient events with periodicity were observed. In conclusion, the novel mTG-crosslinked GA hydrogel synthesized herein has good biocompatibility, and it supports CM adhesion, growth, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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225
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Su Y, Toftdal MS, Le Friec A, Dong M, Han X, Chen M. 3D Electrospun Synthetic Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Regeneration. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mette Steen Toftdal
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Stem Cell Delivery and Pharmacology Novo Nordisk A/S DK-2760 Måløv Denmark
| | - Alice Le Friec
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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226
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Gao R, Wang L, Bei Y, Wu X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Tao L, Das S, Li X, Xiao J. Long Noncoding RNA Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy-Associated Regulator Induces Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy and Promotes Functional Recovery After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Circulation 2021; 144:303-317. [PMID: 34015936 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of exercise training in the cardiovascular system have been well accepted; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we report the initial functional characterization of an exercise-induced cardiac physiological hypertrophy-associated novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). METHODS Using lncRNA microarray profiling, we identified lncRNAs in contributing the modulation of exercise-induced cardiac growth that we termed cardiac physiological hypertrophy-associated regulator (CPhar). Mice with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 driving CPhar overexpression and knockdown were used in in vivo experiments. Swim training was used to induce physiological cardiac hypertrophy in mice, and ischemia reperfusion injury surgery was conducted to investigate the protective effects of CPhar in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of CPhar's function, we performed various analyses including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, histology, cardiac function (by echocardiography), functional rescue experiments, mass spectrometry, in vitro RNA transcription, RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter assay, and coimmunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS We screened the lncRNAs in contributing the modulation of exercise-induced cardiac growth through lncRNA microarray profiling and found that CPhar was increased with exercise and was necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. The gain and loss of function of CPhar regulated the expression of proliferation markers, hypertrophy, and apoptosis in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of CPhar prevented myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and cardiac dysfunction in vivo. We identified DDX17 (DEAD-Box Helicase 17) as a binding partner of CPhar in regulating CPhar downstream factor ATF7 (activating transcription factor 7) by sequestering C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta). CONCLUSIONS Our study of this lncRNA CPhar provides new insights into the regulation of exercise-induced cardiac physiological growth, demonstrating the cardioprotective role of CPhar in the heart, and expanding our mechanistic understanding of lncRNA function, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (R.G., X.W., X.L.)
| | - Lijun Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Yihua Bei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (R.G., X.W., X.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
| | - Lichan Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China (L.T.)
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.D.)
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (R.G., X.W., X.L.)
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science (L.W., Y.B., J.W., Q.Z., J.X.), Shanghai University, China
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227
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Patsalos A, Tzerpos P, Wei X, Nagy L. Myeloid cell diversification during regenerative inflammation: Lessons from skeletal muscle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:89-100. [PMID: 34016524 PMCID: PMC8530826 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of tissue and organ regeneration in adult animals and humans is of great interest from a basic biology as well as a medical, therapeutical point of view. It is increasingly clear that the relatively limited ability to regenerate tissues and organs in mammals as oppose to lower vertebrates is the consequence of evolutionary trade-offs and changes during development and aging. Thus, the coordinated interaction of the immune system, particularly the innate part of it, and the injured, degenerated parenchymal tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, lung, or kidney shape physiological and also pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of how morphologically and functionally complete (ad integrum) regeneration is achieved using skeletal muscle as a model. We will review recent advances about the differentiation, activation, and subtype specification of circulating monocyte to resolution or repair-type macrophages during the process we term regenerative inflammation, resulting in complete restoration of skeletal muscle in murine models of toxin-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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228
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Qian N, Gao Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Emerging role of interleukin-13 in cardiovascular diseases: A ray of hope. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5351-5357. [PMID: 33943014 PMCID: PMC8184673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress made in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the morbidity and mortality of CVDs remains high due to the lack of effective treatment strategy. Inflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of the heart in response to both acute and chronic injury, while the molecular basis and underlying mechanisms remains obscure. Interleukin (IL)-13, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been known as a critical mediator in allergy and asthma. Recent studies appraise the role of IL-13 in CVDs, revealing that IL-13 is not only involved in more obvious cardiac inflammatory diseases such as myocarditis but also relevant to acute or chronic CVDs of other origins, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. The goal of this review is to summarize the advancement in our knowledge of the regulations and functions of IL-13 in CVDs and to discuss the possible mechanisms of IL-13 involved in CVDs. We highlight that IL-13 may be a promising target for immunotherapy in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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229
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Chen H, Jiang B, Shamul JG, He X. Image entropy-based label-free functional characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D cardiac spheroids. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113055. [PMID: 33582565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac spheroids (iPSC-CSs) in 3D possess tremendous potential for treating heart diseases and screening drugs for their cardiac effect. The beating pattern (including beating frequency and amplitude) of iPSC-CSs is a direct indicator of their health and function. However, detecting the beating pattern of 3D cardiac spheroid is not well studied and the probes commonly used for labeling cardiomyocytes for their beating pattern detection is toxic during long-term culture. Here, we reveal that the beating pattern of 3D iPSC-CSs can be conveniently detected/quantified by calculating the relative change of entropy in all the frames/images of non-fluorescent optical signal without labeling any cells. The entropy rate superpixel segmentation method is used for image segmentation in frames containing multiple or aggregated iPSC-CSs to identify individual iPSC-CSs, enabling rapid detection/quantification of the beating pattern of each iPSC-CS. Moreover, the responses of iPSC-CSs to both anticancer and cardiac drugs can be reliably detected with the image entropy-based label-free method in terms of their beating patterns. This novel label-free approach may be valuable for convenient and efficient functional evaluation of 3D and 2D cardiac constructs, which is important not only for drug screening but also the advancement of manufacturing functional cardiac constructs to treat heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - James G Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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230
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Shapira A, Dvir T. 3D Tissue and Organ Printing-Hope and Reality. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003751. [PMID: 34026444 PMCID: PMC8132062 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging, groundbreaking strategy in tissue engineering, allowing the fabrication of living constructs with an unprecedented degree of complexity and accuracy. While this technique greatly facilitates the structuring of native tissue-like architectures, many challenges still remain to be faced. In this review, the fruits of recent research that demonstrate how advanced bioprinting technologies, together with inspiring creativity, can be used to address these challenges are presented and discussed. Next, the future of the field is discussed, in terms of expected developments, as well as possible directions toward the realization of the vision of fully functional, engineered tissues, and organs. Last, a few hypothetical scenarios for the role 3D bioprinting may play in future tissue engineering are depicted, with an emphasis on its impact on tomorrow's regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Shapira
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative BiotechnologyTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv6997801Israel
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231
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Tong Z, Jin L, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Zhong Q, Mao Z, Gao C. Adaptable hydrogel with reversible linkages for regenerative medicine: Dynamic mechanical microenvironment for cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1375-1387. [PMID: 33210030 PMCID: PMC7658331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional platforms that serve as substitutes for native extracellular matrix. These materials are starting to play important roles in regenerative medicine because of their similarities to native matrix in water content and flexibility. It would be very advantagoues for researchers to be able to regulate cell behavior and fate with specific hydrogels that have tunable mechanical properties as biophysical cues. Recent developments in dynamic chemistry have yielded designs of adaptable hydrogels that mimic dynamic nature of extracellular matrix. The current review provides a comprehensive overview for adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine as follows. First, we outline strategies to design adaptable hydrogel network with reversible linkages according to previous findings in supramolecular chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry. Next, we describe the mechanism of dynamic mechanical microenvironment influence cell behaviors and fate, including how stress relaxation influences on cell behavior and how mechanosignals regulate matrix remodeling. Finally, we highlight techniques such as bioprinting which utilize adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine. We conclude by discussing the limitations and challenges for adaptable hydrogel, and we present perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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232
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Ma KH, Lippner DS, Basi KA, DeLeon SM, Cappuccio WR, Rhoomes MO, Hildenberger DM, Hoard-Fruchey HM, Rockwood GA. Cyanide Poisoning Compromises Gene Pathways Modulating Cardiac Injury in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1530-1541. [PMID: 33914522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation from a structure fire is a common route of cyanide poisoning in the U.S. Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, often leading to death. Its rapid distribution throughout the body can result in injuries to multiple organs, and cyanide victims were reported to experience myocardial infarction and other cardiac complications. However, molecular mechanisms of such complications are yet to be elucidated. While FDA-approved CN antidotes such as sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin are clinically used, they have foreseeable limitations during mass casualty situations because they require intravenous administration. To facilitate the development of better antidotes and therapeutic treatments, a global view of molecular changes induced by cyanide exposure is necessary. As an exploratory pursuit, we performed oligonucleotide microarrays to establish cardiac transcriptomes of an animal model of nose-only inhalation exposure to hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is relevant to smoke inhalation. We also profiled cardiac transcriptomes after subcutaneous injection of potassium cyanide (KCN). Although the KCN injection model has often been used to evaluate medical countermeasures, this study demonstrated that cardiac transcriptomes are largely different from that of the HCN inhalation model at multiple time points within 24 h after exposure. Pathway analysis identified that HCN-induced transcriptomes were enriched with genes encoding mediators of pathways critical in modulation of cardiac complications and that a large number of such genes were significantly decreased in expression. We utilized the upstream regulatory analysis to propose drugs that can be potentially employed to treat cyanide-induced cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki H Ma
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Dennean S Lippner
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Kelly A Basi
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological Center, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Susan M DeLeon
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - William R Cappuccio
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Melissa O Rhoomes
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Diane M Hildenberger
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Heidi M Hoard-Fruchey
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Gary A Rockwood
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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233
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Kuppuswamy D, Chinnakkannu P, Reese C, Hoffman S. The Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide Reverses Aging-Associated Deleterious Changes in Multiple Organs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:1-9. [PMID: 33879542 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive, multifactorial, degenerative process in which deleterious changes occur in the biochemistry and function of organs. We showed that angiotensin II (AngII)-induced pathologies in the heart and kidney of young (3-month-old) mice are suppressed by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. Because AngII mediates many aging-associated changes, we explored whether CSD could reverse pre-existing pathologies and improve organ function in aged mice. Using 18-month-old mice (similar to 60-year-old humans), we found that >5-fold increases in leakage of serum proteins and >2-fold increases in fibrosis are associated with aging in the heart, kidney, and brain. Because tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins leads to the loss of microvascular barrier function, we analyzed the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Src and Pyk2. We observed 5-fold activation of PDGFR and 2- to 3-fold activation of c-Src and Pyk2 in aged mice. Treatment with CSD for 4 weeks reversed these pathologic changes (microvascular leakage, fibrosis, kinase activation) in all organs almost down to the levels in healthy, young mice. In studies of heart function, CSD reduced the aging-associated increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and enhanced ventricular compliance in that echocardiographic studies demonstrated improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening and reduced isovolumic relation time. These results suggest that versions of CSD may be developed as treatments for aging-associated diseases in human patients based on the concept that CSD inhibits tyrosine kinases, leading to the inhibition of microvascular leakage and associated fibrosis, thereby improving organ function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses aging-associated fibrosis, microvascular leakage, and organ dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and brain via a mechanism that involves the suppression of the activity of multiple tyrosine kinases, suggesting that CSD can be developed as a treatment for a wide range of diseases found primarily in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Panneerselvam Chinnakkannu
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Charles Reese
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
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234
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Role of Cdkn2a in the Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Cardiac Phenotype. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040538. [PMID: 33917623 PMCID: PMC8103514 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdkn2a locus is one of the most studied tumor suppressor loci in the context of several cancer types. However, in the last years, its expression has also been linked to terminal differentiation and the activation of the senescence program in different cellular subtypes. Knock-out (KO) of the entire locus enhances the capability of stem cells to proliferate in some tissues and respond to severe physiological and non-physiological damages in different organs, including the heart. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is characterized by severe contractures and muscle loss at the level of skeletal muscles of the elbows, ankles and neck, and by dilated cardiomyopathy. We have recently demonstrated, using the LMNA Δ8-11 murine model of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), that dystrophic muscle stem cells prematurely express non-lineage-specific genes early on during postnatal growth, leading to rapid exhaustion of the muscle stem cell pool. Knock-out of the Cdkn2a locus in EDMD dystrophic mice partially restores muscle stem cell properties. In the present study, we describe the cardiac phenotype of the LMNA Δ8-11 mouse model and functionally characterize the effects of KO of the Cdkn2a locus on heart functions and life expectancy.
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235
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Zheng L, Du J, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Xiong JW. Molecular regulation of myocardial proliferation and regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33821373 PMCID: PMC8021683 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration is a fascinating and complex biological process. Decades of intensive studies have revealed a sophisticated molecular network regulating cardiac regeneration in the zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart. Here, we review both the classical and recent literature on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heart regeneration, with a particular focus on how injury triggers the cell-cycle re-entry of quiescent cardiomyocytes to replenish their massive loss after myocardial infarction or ventricular resection. We highlight several important signaling pathways for cardiomyocyte proliferation and propose a working model of how these injury-induced signals promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, this concise review provides up-to-date research progresses on heart regeneration for investigators in the field of regeneration biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qinchao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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236
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Yester JW, Liu H, Gyngard F, Ammanamanchi N, Little KC, Thomas D, Sullivan MLG, Lal S, Steinhauser ML, Kühn B. Use of stable isotope-tagged thymidine and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) for quantification of human cardiomyocyte division. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1995-2022. [PMID: 33627842 PMCID: PMC8221415 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of cellular proliferation in humans is important for understanding biology and responses to injury and disease. However, existing methods require administration of tracers that cannot be ethically administered in humans. We present a protocol for the direct quantification of cellular proliferation in human hearts. The protocol involves administration of non-radioactive, non-toxic stable isotope 15Nitrogen-enriched thymidine (15N-thymidine), which is incorporated into DNA during S-phase, in infants with tetralogy of Fallot, a common form of congenital heart disease. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot undergo surgical repair, which requires the removal of pieces of myocardium that would otherwise be discarded. This protocol allows for the quantification of cardiomyocyte proliferation in this discarded tissue. We quantitatively analyzed the incorporation of 15N-thymidine with multi-isotope imaging spectrometry (MIMS) at a sub-nuclear resolution, which we combined with correlative confocal microscopy to quantify formation of binucleated cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes with polyploid nuclei. The entire protocol spans 3-8 months, which is dependent on the timing of surgical repair, and 3-4.5 researcher days. This protocol could be adapted to study cellular proliferation in a variety of human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie W Yester
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Honghai Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank Gyngard
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niyatie Ammanamanchi
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn C Little
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dawn Thomas
- Clinical Research Support Services (CRSS), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara L G Sullivan
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean Lal
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 1, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Division of Cardiology, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics (I-HRT), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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237
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Santos ARMP, Jang Y, Son I, Kim J, Park Y. Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040386. [PMID: 33916254 PMCID: PMC8067203 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jongseong Kim
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
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238
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Mousavi A, Mashayekhan S, Baheiraei N, Pourjavadi A. Biohybrid oxidized alginate/myocardial extracellular matrix injectable hydrogels with improved electromechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:692-708. [PMID: 33753199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels which mimic the physicochemical and electromechanical properties of cardiac tissue is advantageous for cardiac tissue engineering. Here, a newly-developed in situ forming double-network hydrogel derived from biological macromolecules (oxidized alginate (OA) and myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM)) with improved mechanical properties and electrical conductivity was optimized. 3-(2-aminoethyl amino) propyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Amine-rGO) was added to this system with varied concentrations to promote electromechanical properties of the hydrogel. Alginate was partially oxidized with an oxidation degree of 5% and the resulting OA was cross-linked via calcium ions which was reacted with amine groups of ECM and Amine-rGO through Schiff-base reaction. In situ forming hydrogels composed of 4% w/v OA and 0.8% w/v ECM showed appropriate gelation time and tensile Young's modulus. The electroactive hydrogels showed electrical conductivity in the range of semi-conductors and a suitable biodegradation profile for cardiac tissue engineering. Cytocompatibility analysis was performed by MTT assay against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the optimal hydrogel with 25 μg/ml concentration of Amine-rGO showed higher cell viability than that for other samples. The results of this study present the potential of OA/myocardial ECM-based hydrogel incorporated with Amine-rGO to provide a desirable platform for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Pourjavadi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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239
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Zhu D, Cheng K. Cardiac Cell Therapy for Heart Repair: Should the Cells Be Left Out? Cells 2021; 10:641. [PMID: 33805763 PMCID: PMC7999733 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery occlusion, or myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive loss of cardiomyocytes. The ischemia area is eventually replaced by a fibrotic scar. From the mechanical dysfunctions of the scar in electronic transduction, contraction and compliance, pathological cardiac dilation and heart failure develops. Once end-stage heart failure occurs, the only option is to perform heart transplantation. The sequential changes are termed cardiac remodeling, and are due to the lack of endogenous regenerative actions in the adult human heart. Regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering strategies have been pursued to repair the damaged heart and to restore normal cardiac function. Such strategies include both cellular and acellular products, in combination with biomaterials. In addition, substantial progress has been made to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heart repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss current therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair and provide a perspective on novel strategies that holding potential opportunities for future research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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240
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Wang YL, Yu SN, Shen HR, Wang HJ, Wu XP, Wang QL, Zhou B, Tan YZ. Thymosin β4 released from functionalized self-assembling peptide activates epicardium and enhances repair of infarcted myocardium. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4262-4280. [PMID: 33754060 PMCID: PMC7977468 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium plays an important role in cardiomyogenesis during development, while it becomes quiescent in adult heart during homeostasis. This study investigates the efficiency of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) release with RPRHQGVM conjugated to the C-terminus of RADA16-I (RADA-RPR), the functionalized self-assembling peptide (SAP), to activate the epicardium and repairing the infarcted myocardium. Methods: The functionalized SAP was constituted with self-assembling motif, Tβ4-binding site, and cell adhesive ligand. Myocardial infarction (MI) models of the transgenic mice were established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. At one week after intramyocardial injection of Tβ4-conjugated SAP, the activation of the epicardium was assessed. At four weeks after implantation, the migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) as well as angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and myocardial regeneration were examined. Results: We found that the designer RADA-RPR bound Tβ4 and adhered to EPDCs and that Tβ4 released from the functionalized SAP could effectively activate the epicardium and induce EPDCs to differentiate towards cardiovascular cells as well as lymphatic endothelial cells. Moreover, SAP-released Tβ4 (SAP-Tβ4) promoted proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and myocardial regeneration were enhanced in the MI models at 4 weeks after delivery of SAP-Tβ4 along with attenuation of adverse myocardial remodeling and significantly improved cardiac function. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that sustained release of Tβ4 from the functionalized SAP can activate the epicardium and effectively enhance the repair of infarcted myocardium. We believe the delivery of SAP-Tβ4 may be a promising strategy for MI therapy.
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241
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Melt Electrospinning of Polymers: Blends, Nanocomposites, Additives and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrospinning has been developed in the last decade as an eco-friendly and solvent-free process to fill the gap between the advantages of solution electrospinning and the need of a cost-effective technique for industrial applications. Although the benefits of using melt electrospinning compared to solution electrospinning are impressive, there are still challenges that should be solved. These mainly concern to the improvement of polymer melt processability with reduction of polymer degradation and enhancement of fiber stability; and the achievement of a good control over the fiber size and especially for the production of large scale ultrafine fibers. This review is focused in the last research works discussing the different melt processing techniques, the most significant melt processing parameters, the incorporation of different additives (e.g., viscosity and conductivity modifiers), the development of polymer blends and nanocomposites, the new potential applications and the use of drug-loaded melt electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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242
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Portillo Esquivel LE, Zhang B. Application of Cell, Tissue, and Biomaterial Delivery in Cardiac Regenerative Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1000-1021. [PMID: 33591735 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death around the world, being responsible for 31.8% of all deaths in 2017 (Roth, G. A. et al. The Lancet 2018, 392, 1736-1788). The leading cause of CVD is ischemic heart disease (IHD), which caused 8.1 million deaths in 2013 (Benjamin, E. J. et al. Circulation 2017, 135, e146-e603). IHD occurs when coronary arteries in the heart are narrowed or blocked, preventing the flow of oxygen and blood into the cardiac muscle, which could provoke acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ultimately lead to heart failure and death. Cardiac regenerative therapy aims to repair and refunctionalize damaged heart tissue through the application of (1) intramyocardial cell delivery, (2) epicardial cardiac patch, and (3) acellular biomaterials. In this review, we aim to examine these current approaches and challenges in the cardiac regenerative therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontaria L8S 4L8, Canada
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243
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The efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear stem cell transplantation in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy-a meta analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:811-820. [PMID: 33587248 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy refers to a wide spectrum of heart pathologies that interfere with normal heart function. Management options of patients with cardiomyopathy depended mainly on the severity of the condition. Lifestyle modifications and regular exercise together with a healthy diet is compatible for mild conditions. Severe conditions, however, rely on medications or surgery. Here, we aim to investigate the efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear stem cell transplantation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL for relevant clinical trials and excluded observational studies. We performed the quality assessment of this study following GRADE guidelines. The assessment of the risk of bias was performed by the Cochrane's risk of bias tool. We present an analysis of the following outcomes: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and six minutes walking test. Data were pooled as mean differences (MD) and relative confidence intervals (CI). The analysis of 667 patients from 11 studies receiving autologous bone marrow cell therapy for non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy is presented. A total of 338 patients were allocated to the treatment group, and 329 participants entered the control group. The mean age of the patients in the treatment group is 52.4 ± 4.3 years, while that of the control is 53.7 ± 3.7 years. Seven studies (14.18-23) reported transplantation through the intracoronary route. Table 1 shows a summary of the baseline characteristics of the included studies and participants, the number of injected cells, and the type of injected cells in each trial. Table 2 summarizes and illustrates the previous treatment history of included patients in each trial, as well as the baseline values of different scores used as outcome measures in this analysis. We found that bone marrow mononuclear stem cell therapy leads to significantly increased LVEF (MD = 4.54%, 95% CI [3.52, 5.56], P < 0.0001). Patients in the transplant group experienced less left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (millimeter) than the control arm (MD = -1.86 mm, 95% CI [-4.01, 0.29], P = 0.09). Additionally, Patients in the transplant group could walk 28.53 m more than the controls (MD = 28.53 m, 95% CI [2.51, 54.55], P = 0.03). Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells yields acceptable results regarding left ventricular ejection fraction and lowers the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Additionally, the six minutes walking test is improved in the transplant group. Table 1 Demographic data about the included participants Study Year Sample size Age, years Males, n (%) Diabetics, n (%) Route of administration Number of injected cells Type of injected cells TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control Bartolucci 2015 12 11 58 ± 14 57 ± 11 8 (66.7) 9 (81.8) 2 (16.7) 1 (9.1) Intracoronary 1.94 × 10^6 CD34 + Bocchi 2010 8 15 51 ± 15 NR NR NR NR Intracoronary NR NR Frljak 2018 30 30 56 ± 9 54 ± 11 27 (90) 26 (87) 3 (10) 2 (6) Trans-endocardial NR CD34 + Hamshere 2015 15 14 57.67 ± 12.32 56.79 ± 9.8 10 12 9(59.9%) 8(57.1%) Intracoronary 4.91 × 10^6 CD34 + Hu 2011 31 29 56.61 ± 9.72 58.27 ± 8.86 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Matrino 2015 82 78 51 ± 11.1 49.6 ± 11.1 73.1 68.3 NR NR Intracoronary 10^8 TTT, CD45, CD105, and CD133 Sant'Anna 2014 20 10 48.3 ± 8.71 51.6 ± 7.79 13(65) 5 (50%) NR NR Intra-myocardial 1.06 × 108 CD3, CD4, CD14, CD34, CD38, and CD45 Seth 2010 41 40 45 ± 15 49 ± 9 33 35 NR NR NR 168 × 10^6 Bone marrow mononuclear cells Vrtovec 2011 28 27 52 ± 8 54 ± 7 26 (93) 23 (85) NR NR Intracoronary 123 × 10^6 CD34 + Vrtovec 2013 55 55 53 ± 8 55 ± 7 45 (82) 44 (80) NR NR Intracoronary NR NR Xiao 2017 16 20 49.5 ± 11.6 54.4 ± 11.6 9 (56.3) 14 (70.0) 6 (37.5) 5 (29.4) Intracoronary infusion (4.9 ± 1.7) × 108 (CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, and CD166) Data are reported as mean ± SD or n (%) unless proved otherwise TTT treatment group, NR not reported Table 2 Previous history of treatment and drug intake by the patients Study Year Medical therapy, n (%) Baseline scores, mean (SD) Beta blockers ACE inhibitors Digoxin Diuretics LVEF, % LVEDD, mm Six minutes-walk test* TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control TTT Control Bartolucci 2015 10 (83.3) 8 (72.7) NR NR 3 (25) 3 (27.3) 11 (91.6) 10 (90.9) 26.8 ± 4.9 30.3 ± 6.3 NR NR NR NR Bocchi 2010 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 21.8 ± 3.8 30.6 ± 7.3 79 (10) 78 (12) NR NR Frljak 2018 30 (100) 30 (100) 31 (100) 32 (100) 2 (7) 3 (10) 32 (100) 33 (100) 32.2 ± 9.3 31.1 ± 7.8 NR NR NR NR Hamshere 2015 13 14 15 13 6 2 9 8 32.93 ± 16.46 29.75 ± 9.2 NR NR NR NR Hu* 2011 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 466 (402, 495) 448 (383, 497) Matrino 2015 9 (11) 8 (10.2) 53 (64.1) 48 (61.1) 63 (77) 62 (79) 74 (89.7) 69 (88.9) 23.8 ± 7.2 24.7 ± 7.0 NR NR 347.3(146.7) 349.8(139.7) Sant'Anna 2014 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 358.5 (88.69) 353 (86.67) Seth 2010 29 (70) 29 (72) 41 (100) 40 (100) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Vrtovec 2011 21 (75) 22 (81) NR NR 5 (18) 6 (22) 26 (93) 24 (88) 25.6 ± 5.1 26.7 ± 3.9 69 ± 10 70 ± 7 NR NR Vrtovec 2013 43 (79) 46 (84) 51 (93) 54 (98) 9 (16) 11 (20) 51 (93) 20 (91) 24.3 ± 6.5 25.7 ± 4.1 69 ± 10 70 ± 7 NR NR Xiao 2017 16 (100) 20 (100) 16 (100) 19 (95) 4 (25.0) 8 (40.0) 5 (31.3) 6 (30.0) 33.1 ± 3.9 33.7 ± 4.0 NR NR 355.0 ± 91.2 323.3 ± 89.4 Data are reported as mean ± SD or n (%) unless proved otherwise TTT treatment group, NR not reported *Data are reported as median (IQR).
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244
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Liu X, Zhang L, Jiang W, Yang Z, Gan Z, Yu C, Tao R, Chen H. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of liposomes modified with polypeptides and red cell membrane as a novel drug delivery system for myocardium targeting. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:599-606. [PMID: 32308051 PMCID: PMC7191910 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1754525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiac disease (ICD) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, a novel myocardial targeted drug delivery system was developed represented by co-modified liposomes consisting of red cell membrane (RCM), and the peptides TAT and PCM. Liposomes were prepared using a membrane dispersion-ultrasonic method; the prepared 1% TAT and 3% PCM micelles were mixed with liposomes and under overnight stirring to form polypeptid-modified liposomes. RCM was isolated from mice blood, and the mechanical force facilitated RCM adhesion to the lipid bilayer. The characteristics of liposomes such as the morphology, particle size, zeta-potential, and RCM-conjugation to lipsomes were evaluated. Uptake efficiency and cellular toxicity of liposomes were evaluated in vitro on myocardial cells (MCs). As regard the experiments in vivo, liposomes were intravenously injected into mice, and the blood and organs were collectedat different times to analyze the pharmacokinetics profile of liposomes. The cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of liposomes of different composition into MCs demonstrated that RCM-modified liposomes had the best delivery capability. The pharmacokinetics study further demonstrated that RCM-modified liposomes had prolonged mean residence time (MRT) and more accumulation in the heart. This study indicated that RCM can be used to modify liposomes in combination with polypeptides, because such modification increases the myocardial targeting of liposomes. Therefore, this system constructed in this study might be a potentially effective myocardial drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangke Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wengao Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangyou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongjie Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Innovative Pharmaceutical and Excipient Analysis Technology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huali Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Innovative Pharmaceutical and Excipient Analysis Technology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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245
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Sim WS, Park BW, Ban K, Park HJ. In Situ Preconditioning of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Elicits Comprehensive Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1449. [PMID: 33535594 PMCID: PMC7867207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), represented as a population of adult stem cells, have long been considered as one of the most promising sources for cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy. However, their clinical use has been significantly hampered by low survival and poor retention following administration into failing hearts. Here, to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of BM-MSCs, we examined a novel therapeutic platform named in situ preconditioning in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. In situ preconditioning was induced by a combinatory treatment of BM-MSCs with genetically engineered hepatocyte growth factor-expressing MSCs (HGF-eMSCs) and heart-derived extracellular matrix (hdECM) hydrogel. Subsequently, our results demonstrated that in situ preconditioning with cell mixture substantially improved the survival/retention of BM-MSCs in the MI-induced rat hearts. Enhanced retention of BM-MSCs ultimately led to a significant cardiac function improvement, which was derived from the protection of myocardium and enhancement of vessel formation in the MI hearts. The results provide compelling evidence that in situ preconditioning devised to improve the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs can be an effective strategy to achieve cardiac repair of MI hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Sup Sim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea; (W.-S.S.); (B.-W.P.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea; (W.-S.S.); (B.-W.P.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea; (W.-S.S.); (B.-W.P.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137701, Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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246
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Riching AS, Song K. Cardiac Regeneration: New Insights Into the Frontier of Ischemic Heart Failure Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:637538. [PMID: 33585427 PMCID: PMC7873479 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.637538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. While pharmacological and surgical interventions developed in the late twentieth century drastically improved patient outcomes, mortality rates over the last two decades have begun to plateau. Following ischemic injury, pathological remodeling leads to cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis leading to impaired heart function. Cardiomyocyte turnover rate in the adult heart is limited, and no clinical therapies currently exist to regenerate cardiomyocytes lost following ischemic injury. In this review, we summarize the progress of therapeutic strategies including revascularization and cell-based interventions to regenerate the heart: transiently inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation and direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we highlight recent mechanistic insights governing these strategies to promote heart regeneration and identify current challenges in translating these approaches to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Riching
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- The Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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248
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Lucci G, Preziosi L. A nonlinear elastic description of cell preferential orientations over a stretched substrate. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:631-649. [PMID: 33449274 PMCID: PMC7979636 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The active response of cells to mechanical cues due to their interaction with the environment has been of increasing interest, since it is involved in many physiological phenomena, pathologies, and in tissue engineering. In particular, several experiments have shown that, if a substrate with overlying cells is cyclically stretched, they will reorient to reach a well-defined angle between their major axis and the main stretching direction. Recent experimental findings, also supported by a linear elastic model, indicated that the minimization of an elastic energy might drive this reorientation process. Motivated by the fact that a similar behaviour is observed even for high strains, in this paper we address the problem in the framework of finite elasticity, in order to study the presence of nonlinear effects. We find that, for a very large class of constitutive orthotropic models and with very general assumptions, there is a single linear relationship between a parameter describing the biaxial deformation and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\cos ^2\theta _{\mathrm{eq}}$$\end{document}cos2θeq, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\theta _{\mathrm{eq}}$$\end{document}θeq is the orientation angle of the cell, with the slope of the line depending on a specific combination of four parameters that characterize the nonlinear constitutive equation. We also study the effect of introducing a further dependence of the energy on the anisotropic invariants related to the square of the Cauchy–Green strain tensor. This leads to departures from the linear relationship mentioned above, that are again critically compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Lucci
- Department of Mathematical Sciences “G.L. Lagrange”, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Mathematics “G. Peano”, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Carlo Alberto 10, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Preziosi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences “G.L. Lagrange” Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c triggers transdifferentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1520. [PMID: 33452355 PMCID: PMC7810870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte regeneration is limited in adults. The adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (Ad-SVF) contains pluripotent stem cells that rarely transdifferentiate into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells (beating CMs). However, the characteristics of beating CMs and the factors that regulate the differentiation of Ad-SVF toward the cardiac lineage are unknown. We developed a simple culture protocol under which the adult murine inguinal Ad-SVF reproducibly transdifferentiates into beating CMs without induction. The beating CMs showed the striated ventricular phenotype of cardiomyocytes and synchronised oscillation of the intracellular calcium concentration among cells on day 28 of Ad-SVF primary culture. We also identified beating CM-fated progenitors (CFPs) and performed single-cell transcriptome analysis of these CFPs. Among 491 transcription factors that were differentially expressed (≥ 1.75-fold) in CFPs and the beating CMs, myocyte-specific enhancer 2c (Mef2c) was key. Transduction of Ad-SVF cells with Mef2c using a lentiviral vector yielded CFPs and beating CMs with ~ tenfold higher cardiac troponin T expression, which was abolished by silencing of Mef2c. Thus, we identified the master gene required for transdifferentiation of Ad-SVF into beating CMs. These findings will facilitate the development of novel cardiac regeneration therapies based on gene-modified, cardiac lineage-directed Ad-SVF cells.
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