201
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Interleukin-12 supports in vitro self-renewal of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:92-101. [PMID: 35402790 PMCID: PMC8974953 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renew or differentiate through division. Cytokines are essential for inducing HSC division, but the optimal cytokine combination to control self-renewal of HSC in vitro remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and thrombopoietin (TPO) in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) on in vitro self-renewal of HSCs. Single-cell assays were used to overcome the heterogeneity issue of HSCs, and serum-free conditions were newly established to permit reproduction of data. In single-cell cultures, CD150+CD48−CD41−CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+lineage− HSCs divided significantly more slowly in the presence of SCF+IL-12 compared with cells in the presence of SCF+TPO. Serial transplantation of cells from bulk and clonal cultures revealed that TPO was more effective than IL-12 at supporting in vitro self-renewal of short-term (<6 months) HSCs, resulting in a monophasic reconstitution wave formation, whereas IL-12 was more effective than TPO at supporting the in vitro self-renewal of long-term (>6 months) HSCs, resulting in a biphasic reconstitution wave formation. The control of division rate in HSCs appeared to be crucial for preventing the loss of self-renewal potential from their in vitro culture.
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202
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Noetzli LJ, French SL, Machlus KR. New Insights Into the Differentiation of Megakaryocytes From Hematopoietic Progenitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1288-1300. [PMID: 31043076 PMCID: PMC6594866 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes are hematopoietic cells, which are responsible for the production of blood platelets. The traditional view of megakaryopoiesis describes the cellular journey from hematopoietic stem cells, through a hierarchical series of progenitor cells, ultimately to a mature megakaryocyte. Once mature, the megakaryocyte then undergoes a terminal maturation process involving multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation. However, recent studies have begun to redefine this hierarchy and shed new light on alternative routes by which hematopoietic stem cells are differentiated into megakaryocytes. In particular, the origin of megakaryocytes, including the existence and hierarchy of megakaryocyte progenitors, has been redefined, as new studies are suggesting that hematopoietic stem cells originate as megakaryocyte-primed and can bypass traditional lineage checkpoints. Overall, it is becoming evident that megakaryopoiesis does not only occur as a stepwise process, but is dynamic and adaptive to biological needs. In this review, we will reexamine the canonical dogmas of megakaryopoiesis and provide an updated framework for interpreting the roles of traditional pathways in the context of new megakaryocyte biology. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila J Noetzli
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shauna L French
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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203
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Abstract
Every animal grows from a single fertilized egg into an intricate network of cell types and organ systems. This process is captured in a lineage tree: a diagram of every cell's ancestry back to the founding zygote. Biologists have long sought to trace this cell lineage tree in individual organisms and have developed a variety of technologies to map the progeny of specific cells. However, there are billions to trillions of cells in complex organisms, and conventional approaches can only map a limited number of clonal populations per experiment. A new generation of tools that use molecular recording methods integrated with single cell profiling technologies may provide a solution. Here, we summarize recent breakthroughs in these technologies, outline experimental and computational challenges, and discuss biological questions that can be addressed using single cell dynamic lineage tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James A Gagnon
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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204
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Scala S, Aiuti A. In vivo dynamics of human hematopoietic stem cells: novel concepts and future directions. Blood Adv 2019; 3:1916-1924. [PMID: 31239246 PMCID: PMC6595260 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the mechanisms and the cellular dynamics at the basis of human hematopoietic homeostasis has been a main focus for the scientific community since the discovery of a pool of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of sustaining the hematopoietic output throughout life and after transplantation. Recently, new works shed light on the (1) differentiation paths, (2) size and replication rate of human HSC population at steady state, and (3) role of the distinct subpopulations comprising the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoir after transplantation. These papers exploited cutting-edge technologies, including vector integration site clonal tracking, spontaneous mutations, and deep transcriptome profiling. Here we discuss the latest updates in human hematopoietic system biology and in vivo dynamics, highlighting novel concepts and common findings deriving from different approaches and the future directions of these studies. Taken together, this information contributed to partially resolving the complexity of the in vivo HSC behavior and has major implications for HSC transplantation and gene therapy as well as for the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget) and
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Programme, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and
- Medical School, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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205
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Chavakis T, Mitroulis I, Hajishengallis G. Hematopoietic progenitor cells as integrative hubs for adaptation to and fine-tuning of inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:802-811. [PMID: 31213716 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have highlighted the ability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow to sense peripheral inflammation or infection and adapt through increased proliferation and skewing toward the myeloid lineage. Such adaptations can meet the increased demand for innate immune cells and can be beneficial in response to infection or myeloablation. However, the inflammation-induced adaptation of hematopoietic and myeloid progenitor cells toward enhanced myelopoiesis might also perpetuate inflammation in chronic inflammatory or cardio-metabolic diseases by generating a feed-forward loop between inflammation-adapted hematopoietic progenitor cells and the inflammatory disorder. Sustained adaptive responses of progenitor cells in the bone marrow can also contribute to trained immunity, a non-specific memory of earlier encounters that in turn facilitates the heightened response of these cells, as well as that of their progeny, to future challenges. Here we discuss the mechanisms that govern the adaptation of hematopoietic progenitor cells to inflammation and its sequelae in the pathogenesis of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, of the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg and of the Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, and of the Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Haematology and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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206
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Abstract
Ever since hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were first identified half a century ago, their differentiation roadmap has been extensively studied. The classical model of hematopoiesis has long held as a dogma that HSCs reside at the top of a hierarchy in which HSCs possess self-renewal capacity and can progressively give rise to all blood lineage cells. However, over the past several years, with advances in single cell technologies, this developmental scheme has been challenged. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting heterogeneity within HSC and progenitor populations as well as the hierarchical models revised by novel approaches mainly in mouse system. These evolving views provide further understanding of hematopoiesis and highlight the complexity of hematopoietic differentiation.
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207
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McRae HM, Voss AK, Thomas T. Are transplantable stem cells required for adult hematopoiesis? Exp Hematol 2019; 75:1-10. [PMID: 31175894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been studied intensely for more than half a century. As a result, the properties of HSCs have become a paradigm of adult stem cell biology and function. The "classical" view of hematopoiesis suggests that the HSCs sit at the top of a hierarchy and that differentiation involves sequential production of multipotent and lineage committed progenitors with limited self-renewal capacity. This view of hematopoiesis is certainly valid after transplantation of HSCs, where, with appropriate support, a single HSC can regenerate the entire hematopoietic system of the recipient. However, it is not clear whether HSCs perform the same function during steady-state hematopoiesis. Indeed, studies have shown that the majority of classical HSCs are not required for ongoing steady-state adult hematopoiesis. Several reports suggest that steady-state hematopoiesis relies on highly proliferative cells with more lineage restricted characteristics, a finding that was not anticipated based on results from transplantation experiments. However, other studies indicate a more substantial HSC contribution. Nevertheless, the notion of HSCs as distinct from progenitors appears to be simplistic in view of ample evidence for heterogeneity within the stem cell compartment. In this review we discuss recent results and controversies surrounding HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M McRae
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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208
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A comprehensive single cell transcriptional landscape of human hematopoietic progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2395. [PMID: 31160568 PMCID: PMC6546699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor cells (HSPCs) are endowed with the role of maintaining a diverse pool of blood cells throughout the human life. Despite recent efforts, the nature of the early cell fate decisions remains contentious. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we show that existing approaches to stratify bone marrow CD34+ cells reveal a hierarchically-structured transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic differentiation. Still, this landscape misses important early fate decisions. We here provide a broader transcriptional profiling of bone marrow lineage negative hematopoietic progenitors that recovers a key missing branchpoint into basophils and expands our understanding of the underlying structure of early adult human haematopoiesis. We also show that this map has strong similarities in topology and gene expression to that found in mouse. Finally, we identify the sialomucin CD164, as a reliable marker for the earliest branches of HSPCs specification and we showed how its use can foster the design of alternative transplantation cell products. Human Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are commonly defined by CD34 expression. Here, the authors map single-cell RNA states both inside and outside the CD34 compartment, uncovering previously unappreciated branchpoints and validating CD164 as an efficient marker for early HSPCs.
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209
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Luo X, Xu L, Wu X, Tan H, Liu L. Decreased SATB1 expression promotes AML cell proliferation through NF-κB activation. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 31130823 PMCID: PMC6525380 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a chromatin-remodeling protein that regulates gene expressions in different types of cancer. Up-regulation of SATB1 is linked with progression of tumors. Our previous study showed that SATB1 expression was decreased in T cell leukemia/lymphoma. The contrary roles of SATB1 in solid organ tumors and hematology malignancy may provide hints to study the function of SATB1. Methods To characterize SATB1 mRNA and protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed qRT-PCR and Western blot on bone marrow mononuclear cells from 52 newly diagnosed AML patients. Stable HL-60 cell lines with knockdown of SATB1 by shRNAs sequences (HL-60 SATB1-shRNA1 and HL-60 SATB1-shRNA2) were established. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell invasiveness were analyzed. Murine model was established using HL-60 SATB1-shRNAs treated nude mice and tumorigenicity was compared to study the role of SATB1 in vivo. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in HL-60 cells with SATB1 knockdown to investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of AML cell growth by SATB1. Results We found that SATB1 expression was significantly decreased in patients with AML compared to normal control, and was increased after complete remission of AML. Knockdown of SATB1 enhanced the proliferation of HL-60 cells and accelerated S phase entry in vitro, and promoted the tumor growth in vivo. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in HL-60 cells with SATB1 knockdown and the differentially expressed genes were involved in NF-κB, MAPK and PI3 K/Akt signaling pathways. Nuclear NF-κB p65 levels were significantly increased in SATB1 depleted HL-60 cells. Conclusions Decreased SATB1 expression promotes AML cell proliferation through NF-κB activation. SATB1 could be a predictor for better response to treatment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Luo
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230 China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230 China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230 China
| | - Huo Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230 China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510230 China
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210
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Stage-specific requirement for Mettl3-dependent m 6A mRNA methylation during haematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:700-709. [PMID: 31061465 PMCID: PMC6556891 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain balanced self-renewal and differentiation, but how these functions are precisely regulated is not fully understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation has emerged as an important mode of epitranscriptional gene expression regulation affecting many biological processes. We show that deleting the m6A methyltransferase, Mettl3, from the adult haematopoietic system led to an accumulation of HSCs in the bone marrow and marked reduction of reconstitution potential due to a blockage of HSC differentiation. Interestingly, deleting Mettl3 from myeloid cells using Lysm-cre did not impact myeloid cell number or function. m6A sequencing revealed 2,073 genes with significant m6A modification in HSCs. Myc was identified as a direct target of m6A in HSCs. Mettl3-deficient HSCs failed to up-regulate MYC expression upon stimulation to differentiate and enforced expression of Myc rescued differentiation defects of Mettl3-deficient HSCs. Our results revealed a key role of m6A in governing HSC differentiation.
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211
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Yamamoto R, Wilkinson AC, Nakauchi H. Changing concepts in hematopoietic stem cells. Science 2019; 362:895-896. [PMID: 30467158 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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212
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Psaila B, Mead AJ. Single-cell approaches reveal novel cellular pathways for megakaryocyte and erythroid differentiation. Blood 2019; 133:1427-1435. [PMID: 30728145 PMCID: PMC6443046 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-835371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical model of hematopoiesis proposes a hierarchy in which a small number of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain all blood lineages by giving rise to progeny that pass through discrete progenitor stages. At each stage, lineage differentiation potential is restricted, coupled with the loss of ability to self-renew. Recently, single-cell approaches have been used to test certain assumptions made by this model, in particular relating to megakaryocyte (Mk) and erythroid (E) development. An alternative model has emerged in which substantial heterogeneity and lineage-priming exists within the HSC compartment, including the existence of multipotent but megakaryocyte/platelet-biased HSCs. Hematopoietic differentiation follows a hierarchical continuum, passing through cellular nodes and branch points. Megakaryocytes are produced via a shared pathway with the erythroid lineage, also shared in its early stages with mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils, but separate from other myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In addition, distinct pathways for direct differentiation of Mk from HSCs may coexist and could be important in situations of increased physiological requirements or in malignancies. Further work at single-cell resolution using multiomic approaches and examining Mk-E biased subsets within their physiological context will undoubtedly improve our understanding of normal hematopoiesis and ability to manipulate this in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Psaila
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM). University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM). University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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213
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Zeng H, Hu M, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang S, Chen M, Shen M, Wang C, Chen F, Du C, Tang Y, Su Y, Chen S, Wang J. MicroRNA 34a promotes ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage repair in murine hematopoietic stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:8138-8147. [PMID: 30922079 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802639r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) establish the entire hematopoietic system and maintain lifelong hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs. In this study, we show that the expression of miRNA 34a (miR-34a) is markedly up-regulated in HSCs from mice subjected to ionizing radiation (IR). Reduced numbers and DNA damage repair, as well as increased apoptosis, are observed in HSCs from miR-34a-deficient mice induced by irradiation, although miR-34a is dispensable for steady-state hematopoiesis. Further investigations show that HSCs deficient in miR-34a exhibit decreased expressions of DNA repair-associated genes involved in homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining. Competitive transplantation confirms that loss of miR-34a leads to more severe impairment of the long-term hematopoietic function of HSCs after irradiation exposure. Consistently, treating mice with an miR-34a agomir can significantly alleviate irradiation-induced DNA damage in HSCs. Our findings demonstrate that miR-34a contributes to promoting HSCs' survival after irradiation, which provides a promising approach for protecting HSCs from IR.-Zeng, H., Hu, M., Lu, Y., Zhang, Z., Xu, Y., Wang, S., Chen, M., Shen, M., Wang, C., Chen, F., Du, C., Tang, Y., Su,Y., Chen, S., Wang, J. MicroRNA 34a promotes ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage repair in murine hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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214
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Nangalia J, Mitchell E, Green AR. Clonal approaches to understanding the impact of mutations on hematologic disease development. Blood 2019; 133:1436-1445. [PMID: 30728143 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-835405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrogation of hematopoietic tissue at the clonal level has a rich history spanning over 50 years, and has provided critical insights into both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Characterization of chromosomes identified some of the first genetic links to cancer with the discovery of chromosomal translocations in association with many hematological neoplasms. The unique accessibility of hematopoietic tissue and the ability to clonally expand hematopoietic progenitors in vitro has provided fundamental insights into the cellular hierarchy of normal hematopoiesis, as well as the functional impact of driver mutations in disease. Transplantation assays in murine models have enabled cellular assessment of the functional consequences of somatic mutations in vivo. Most recently, next-generation sequencing-based assays have shown great promise in allowing multi-"omic" characterization of single cells. Here, we review how clonal approaches have advanced our understanding of disease development, focusing on the acquisition of somatic mutations, clonal selection, driver mutation cooperation, and tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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215
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Watcham S, Kucinski I, Gottgens B. New insights into hematopoietic differentiation landscapes from single-cell RNA sequencing. Blood 2019; 133:1415-1426. [PMID: 30728144 PMCID: PMC6440294 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-835355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has recently emerged as a powerful tool to analyze cellular heterogeneity, discover new cell types, and infer putative differentiation routes. The technique has been rapidly embraced by the hematopoiesis research community, and like other technologies before, single-cell molecular profiling is widely expected to make important contributions to our understanding of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Much of this new interpretation relies on inference of the transcriptomic landscape as a representation of existing cellular states and associated transitions among them. Here we review how this model allows, under certain assumptions, charting of time-resolved differentiation trajectories with unparalleled resolution and how the landscape of multipotent cells may be rather devoid of discrete structures, challenging our preconceptions about stem and progenitor cell types and their organization. Finally, we highlight how promising technological advances may convert static differentiation landscapes into a dynamic cell flux model and thus provide a more holistic understanding of normal hematopoiesis and blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Watcham
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Gottgens
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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216
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Lee J, Yoon SR, Choi I, Jung H. Causes and Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061272. [PMID: 30871268 PMCID: PMC6470724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many elderly people suffer from hematological diseases known to be highly age-dependent. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the immune system by producing all blood cells throughout the lifetime of an organism. Recent reports have suggested that HSCs are susceptible to age-related stress and gradually lose their self-renewal and regeneration capacity with aging. HSC aging is driven by cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors that result in the disruption of the immune system. Thus, the study of HSC aging is important to our understanding of age-related immune diseases and can also provide potential strategies to improve quality of life in the elderly. In this review, we delineate our understanding of the phenotypes, causes, and molecular mechanisms involved in HSC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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217
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Early lineage specification defines alveolar epithelial ontogeny in the murine lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4362-4371. [PMID: 30782824 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813952116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the stepwise specification and differentiation of tissue-specific multipotent progenitors, lineage-specific transcriptional networks are activated or repressed to orchestrate cell specification. The gas-exchange niche in the lung contains two major epithelial cell types, alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cells, and the timing of lineage specification of these cells is critical for the correct formation of this niche and postnatal survival. Integrating cell-specific lineage tracing studies, spatially specific mRNA transcript and protein expression, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that specification of alveolar epithelial cell fate begins concomitantly with the proximal-distal specification of epithelial progenitors and branching morphogenesis earlier than previously appreciated. By using a newly developed dual-lineage tracing system, we show that bipotent alveolar cells that give rise to AT1 and AT2 cells are a minor contributor to the alveolar epithelial population. Furthermore, single-cell assessment of the transcriptome identifies specified AT1 and AT2 progenitors rather than bipotent cells during sacculation. These data reveal a paradigm of organ formation whereby lineage specification occurs during the nascent stages of development coincident with broad tissue-patterning processes, including axial patterning of the endoderm and branching morphogenesis.
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218
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are positioned in tissues perinatally, constitutively express receptors responsive to their organ microenvironments, and perform an arsenal of effector functions that overlap those of adaptive CD4+ T cells. Based on knowledge regarding subsets of invariant-like lymphocytes (e.g., natural killer T [NKT] cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T [MAIT] cells, etc.) and fetally derived macrophages, we hypothesize that immune cells established during the perinatal period-including, but not limited to, ILCs-serve intimate roles in tissue that go beyond classical understanding of the immune system in microbial host defense. In this Perspective, we propose mechanisms by which the establishment of ILCs and the tissue lymphoid niche during early development may have consequences much later in life. Although definitive answers require better tools, efforts to achieve deeper understanding of ILC biology across the mammalian lifespan have the potential to lift the veil on the unknown breadth of immune cell functions.
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219
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Abstract
Stem cells can reside in a state of reversible growth arrest, or quiescence, for prolonged periods of time. Although quiescence has long been viewed as a dormant, low-activity state, increasing evidence suggests that quiescence represents states of poised potential and active restraint, as stem cells "idle" in anticipation of activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Improved understanding of quiescent stem cell dynamics is leading to novel approaches to enhance maintenance and repair of aged or diseased tissues. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of stem cell quiescence and techniques enabling more refined analyses of quiescence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy T J van Velthoven
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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220
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Clonal-level lineage commitment pathways of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1447-1456. [PMID: 30622181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801480116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aggregate differentiation of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population has been extensively studied, little is known about the lineage commitment process of individual HSC clones. Here, we provide lineage commitment maps of HSC clones under homeostasis and after perturbations of the endogenous hematopoietic system. Under homeostasis, all donor-derived HSC clones regenerate blood homogeneously throughout all measured stages and lineages of hematopoiesis. In contrast, after the hematopoietic system has been perturbed by irradiation or by an antagonistic anti-ckit antibody, only a small fraction of donor-derived HSC clones differentiate. Some of these clones dominantly expand and exhibit lineage bias. We identified the cellular origins of clonal dominance and lineage bias and uncovered the lineage commitment pathways that lead HSC clones to different levels of self-renewal and blood production under various transplantation conditions. This study reveals surprising alterations in HSC fate decisions directed by conditioning and identifies the key hematopoiesis stages that may be manipulated to control blood production and balance.
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221
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Mokalled MH, Poss KD. A Regeneration Toolkit. Dev Cell 2019; 47:267-280. [PMID: 30399333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of animals to replace injured body parts has been a subject of fascination for centuries. The emerging importance of regenerative medicine has reinvigorated investigations of innate tissue regeneration, and the development of powerful genetic tools has fueled discoveries into how tissue regeneration occurs. Here, we present an overview of the armamentarium employed to probe regeneration in vertebrates, highlighting areas where further methodology advancement will deepen mechanistic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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222
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Jurecic R. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:195-211. [PMID: 31487025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain lifelong production of mature blood cells and regenerate the hematopoietic system after cytotoxic injury. Use of expanding cell surface marker panels and advanced functional analyses have revealed the presence of several immunophenotypically different HSC subsets with distinct self-renewal and repopulating capacity and bias toward selective lineage differentiation. This chapter summarizes current understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within the HSC pool, with emphasis on the immunophenotypes and functional features of several known HSC subsets, and their roles in steady-state and emergency hematopoiesis, and in aging. The chapter also highlights some of the future research directions to elucidate further the biology and function of different HSC subsets in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Jurecic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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223
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Jacobsen SEW, Nerlov C. Haematopoiesis in the era of advanced single-cell technologies. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:2-8. [PMID: 30602765 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and functional characterization of single cells at scale has emerged as a key driver to unravel tissue biology. Thus, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of transcriptomic approaches, molecular barcoding and functional assays used to study cellular properties at the single-cell level. Here, we review recent relevant work from the haematopoietic system and discuss how to interpret and integrate data obtained with different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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224
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The in vitro growth of a cord blood-derived cell population enriched for CD34 + cells is influenced by its cell cycle status and treatment with hydroxyurea. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1345-1354. [PMID: 30322708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell cycle plays a fundamental role in the physiology of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In the present study we used a negative selection system to obtain an immature cell population-enriched for cord blood-derived CD34+ cells-and we determined its proliferation, expansion and differentiation patterns as a function of the cell cycle status. The effects of hydroxyurea (HU) were also assessed. RESULTS As compared with cells in synthesis (S)/Gap2 (G2)/mitosis (M), cells in quiescent state (G0)/Gap1 (G1) showed a higher proliferation potential in vitro. At culture onset, G0, G1 and S/G2/M cells corresponded with 63%, 33% and 4%, respectively. Treatment with HU before culture resulted in an increase in the proportion of cells in G1 with a concomitant decrease in S/G2/M cells, without affecting the proportion of cells in G0. After 3 days of culture in the presence of recombinant cytokines, the vast majority of the cells (90%) were in G1, and by day 8, G0, G1 and S/G2/M cells corresponded with 18%, 67% and 15%, respectively. HU also induced an increase in colony-forming cell (CFC) frequency, in the proliferation and expansion capacities of cultured cells under myeloid conditions, and favored the development of the erythroid lineage. CONCLUSION Our results show that the in vitro proliferation, expansion and differentiation potentials of immature hematopoietic cells are determined, at least in part, by their cell cycle status and that the cell cycle modifier HU significantly influences the growth of human hematopoietic cells. These results are of potential relevance for the development of ex vivo expansion protocols.
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225
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Belluschi S, Calderbank EF, Ciaurro V, Pijuan-Sala B, Santoro A, Mende N, Diamanti E, Sham KYC, Wang X, Lau WWY, Jawaid W, Göttgens B, Laurenti E. Myelo-lymphoid lineage restriction occurs in the human haematopoietic stem cell compartment before lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4100. [PMID: 30291229 PMCID: PMC6173731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Capturing where and how multipotency is lost is crucial to understand how blood formation is controlled. Blood lineage specification is currently thought to occur downstream of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we show that, in human, the first lineage restriction events occur within the CD19-CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD49f+CD90+ (49f+) HSC compartment to generate myelo-lymphoid committed cells with no erythroid differentiation capacity. At single-cell resolution, we observe a continuous but polarised organisation of the 49f+ compartment, where transcriptional programmes and lineage potential progressively change along a gradient of opposing cell surface expression of CLEC9A and CD34. CLEC9AhiCD34lo cells contain long-term repopulating multipotent HSCs with slow quiescence exit kinetics, whereas CLEC9AloCD34hi cells are restricted to myelo-lymphoid differentiation and display infrequent but durable repopulation capacity. We thus propose that human HSCs gradually transition to a discrete lymphoid-primed state, distinct from lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors, representing the earliest entry point into lymphoid commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Belluschi
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily F. Calderbank
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerio Ciaurro
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Blanca Pijuan-Sala
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonella Santoro
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Mende
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendig Yen Chi Sham
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Winnie W. Y. Lau
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wajid Jawaid
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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226
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Upadhaya S, Sawai CM, Papalexi E, Rashidfarrokhi A, Jang G, Chattopadhyay P, Satija R, Reizis B. Kinetics of adult hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vivo. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2815-2832. [PMID: 30291161 PMCID: PMC6219744 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The process whereby hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate different blood cell types in the steady-state is poorly understood. Upadhaya et al. used inducible lineage tracing to characterize the earliest steps of adult HSC differentiation in vivo. Adult hematopoiesis has been studied in terms of progenitor differentiation potentials, whereas its kinetics in vivo is poorly understood. We combined inducible lineage tracing of endogenous adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize early steps of hematopoietic differentiation in the steady-state. Labeled cells, comprising primarily long-term HSCs and some short-term HSCs, produced megakaryocytic lineage progeny within 1 wk in a process that required only two to three cell divisions. Erythroid and myeloid progeny emerged simultaneously by 2 wk and included a progenitor population with expression features of both lineages. Myeloid progenitors at this stage showed diversification into granulocytic, monocytic, and dendritic cell types, and rare intermediate cell states could be detected. In contrast, lymphoid differentiation was virtually absent within the first 3 wk of tracing. These results show that continuous differentiation of HSCs rapidly produces major hematopoietic lineages and cell types and reveal fundamental kinetic differences between megakaryocytic, erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Graduate Program in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Catherine M Sawai
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Efthymia Papalexi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY.,New York Genome Center, New York, NY
| | - Ali Rashidfarrokhi
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY.,New York Genome Center, New York, NY
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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227
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What do the lineage tracing studies tell us? Consideration for hematopoietic stem cell origin, dynamics, and leukemia-initiating cells. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:35-40. [PMID: 30264284 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent advance of technologies enables us to trace the cell fate in vivo by marking the cells that express the gene of interest or by barcoding them at a single cell level. Various tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase mice combined with Rosa-floxed lines are utilized. In this review, with the results revealed by lineage tracing assays, we re-visit the long-standing debate for the origin of hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse embryo, and introduce the view of native hematopoiesis, and possible leukemic-initiating cells emerged during fetal stages.
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228
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Ito K, Bonora M, Ito K. Metabolism as master of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:18-27. [PMID: 30219988 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HSCs have a fate choice when they divide; they can self-renew, producing new HSCs, or produce daughter cells that will mature to become committed cells. Technical challenges, however, have long obscured the mechanics of these choices. Advances in flow-sorting have made possible the purification of HSC populations, but available HSC-enriched fractions still include substantial heterogeneity, and single HSCs have proven extremely difficult to track and observe. Advances in single-cell approaches, however, have led to the identification of a highly purified population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that make a critical contribution to hematopoietic homeostasis through a preference for self-renewing division. Metabolic cues are key regulators of this cell fate choice, and the importance of controlling the population and quality of mitochondria has recently been highlighted to maintain the equilibrium of HSC populations. Leukemic cells also demand tightly regulated metabolism, and shifting the division balance of leukemic cells toward commitment has been considered as a promising therapeutic strategy. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control HSC fate is, therefore, of great biological interest, and more importantly will be critical to the development of new therapeutic strategies that target HSC division balance for the treatment of hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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229
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Differentiation-based model of hematopoietic stem cell functions and lineage pathways. Blood 2018; 132:1106-1113. [PMID: 30042097 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-791517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic labeling and barcoding of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in situ now allow direct measurements of physiological HSC output, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Turning on a heritable label in HSCs and measuring the kinetics of label emergence in downstream compartments reveal rates of differentiation and self-renewal of HSCs and progenitor cells, whereas endogenous HSC barcoding probes physiological precursor-product relationships. Labels have been inserted at different stages of the hematopoietic differentiation hierarchy. Recent genetic and functional evidence suggests a phenotype (Tie2+ ) for tip HSCs. Fate mapping shows that many tip HSCs regularly feed into downstream stages, with individual cells contributing infrequently. Stem and progenitor cells downstream of tip HSCs serve as a major, nearly self-renewing source of day-to-day hematopoiesis, rendering the blood and immune system HSC-independent for extended periods of time. HSCs realize multilineage output, yet, fates restricted to several lineages or even a single lineage have also been observed. Single HSCs within a clone in the bone marrow that develop from a fetal HSC precursor have been observed to express clone-specific fates. Thus, the new tools probing HSC differentiation in situ are progressing beyond assays for HSC activity based on proliferation measurements and fates of transplanted stem cells, and the data challenge lineage interpretations of single-cell gene expression snapshots. Linking in vivo fate analyses to gene expression and other molecular determinants of cell fate will aid in unraveling the mechanisms of lineage commitment and the architecture of physiological hematopoiesis.
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230
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Wang X, Dong F, Zhang S, Yang W, Yu W, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang J, Ma S, Wu P, Gao Y, Dong J, Tang F, Cheng T, Ema H. TGF-β1 Negatively Regulates the Number and Function of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:274-287. [PMID: 29937145 PMCID: PMC6067088 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a role in the maintenance of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo. We asked whether TGF-β1 controls the cell cycle status of HSCs in vitro to enhance the reconstitution activity. To examine the effect of TGF-β1 on the HSC function, we used an in vitro culture system in which single HSCs divide with the retention of their short- and long-term reconstitution ability. Extensive single-cell analyses showed that, regardless of its concentration, TGF-β1 slowed down the cell cycle progression of HSCs but consequently suppressed their self-renewal potential. Cycling HSCs were not able to go back to quiescence with TGF-β1. This study revealed a negative role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of the HSC number and reconstitution activity. TGF-β1 slows down the cell cycle progression of HSCs Cycling HSCs were unable to go back to the G0 state with TGF-β1 TGF-β1 suppresses the self-renewal potential in HSCs The reduced division rate with TGF-β1 is reversible
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hideo Ema
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China.
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231
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Xia J, Liu F. Hematopoietic Hierarchy - An Updated Roadmap. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:976-986. [PMID: 29935893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The classical roadmap of hematopoietic hierarchy has been proposed for nearly 20 years and has become a dogma of stem cell research for most types of adult stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, with the development of new technologies such as omics approaches at single-cell resolution, recent studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that heterogeneity is a common feature of HSCs and their progenies. While these findings broaden our understanding of hematopoiesis, they also challenge the well-accepted hematopoietic hierarchy roadmap. Here, we review recent advances in the hematopoiesis field and provide an updated view to incorporate these new findings as well as to reflect on the complexity of HSCs and their derivatives in development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; http://english.biomembrane.ioz.cas.cn/research/groups/liufeng.
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232
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Mitroulis I, Kalafati L, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Myelopoiesis in the Context of Innate Immunity. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:365-372. [PMID: 29874678 DOI: 10.1159/000489406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact and fully functional innate immune system is critical in the defense against pathogens. Indeed, during systemic infection, the ability of the organism to cope with the increased demand for phagocytes depends heavily on sufficient replenishment of mature myeloid cells. This process, designated emergency or demand-adapted myelopoiesis, requires the activation of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow (BM), resulting in their proliferation and differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Failure of BM progenitors to adapt to the enhanced need for mature cells in the periphery can be life-threatening, as indicated by the detrimental effect of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression on the outcome of systemic infection. Recent advances demonstrate an important role of not only committed myeloid progenitors but also of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in emergency myelopoiesis. In this regard, pathogen-derived products (e.g., Toll-like receptor ligands) activate HSC differentiation towards the myeloid lineage, either directly or indirectly, by inducing the production of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and growth factors) by hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell populations. The inflammatory mediators driving demand-adapted myelopoiesis target not only HSCs but also HSC-supportive cell populations, collectively known as the HSC niche, the microenvironment where HSCs reside. In this review, we discuss recent findings that have further elucidated the mechanisms that drive emergency myelopoiesis, focusing on the interactions of HSCs with their BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, .,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden,
| | - Lydia Kalafati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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233
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Ito K, Ito K. Hematopoietic stem cell fate through metabolic control. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:1-11. [PMID: 29807063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells maintain a quiescent state in the bone marrow to preserve their self-renewal capacity, but also undergo cell divisions as required. Organelles such as the mitochondria sustain cumulative damage during these cell divisions and this damage may eventually compromise the cells' self-renewal capacity. Hematopoietic stem cell divisions result in either self-renewal or differentiation, with the balance between the two affecting hematopoietic homeostasis directly; however, the heterogeneity of available hematopoietic stem cell-enriched fractions, together with the technical challenges of observing hematopoietic stem cell behavior, has long hindered the analysis of individual hematopoietic stem cells and prevented the elucidation of this process. Recent advances in genetic models, metabolomics analyses, and single-cell approaches have revealed the contributions made to hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by metabolic cues, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy/mitophagy, which have highlighted mitochondrial quality control as a key factor in the equilibrium of hematopoietic stem cells. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control hematopoietic stem cells fate at the single-cell level is therefore not only of great biological interest, but will also have clear clinical implications for the development of therapies for hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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234
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Abstract
Reconstructing lineage relationships between cells within a tissue or organism is a long-standing aim in biology. Traditionally, lineage tracing has been achieved through the (genetic) labeling of a cell followed by the tracking of its offspring. Currently, lineage trajectories can also be predicted using single-cell transcriptomics. Although single-cell transcriptomics provides detailed phenotypic information, the predicted lineage trajectories do not necessarily reflect genetic relationships. Recently, techniques have been developed that unite these strategies. In this Review, we discuss transcriptome-based lineage trajectory prediction algorithms, single-cell genetic lineage tracing, and the promising combination of these techniques for stem cell and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Kester
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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235
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Xavier-Ferrucio J, Krause DS. Concise Review: Bipotent Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors: Concepts and Controversies. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1138-1145. [PMID: 29658164 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells maintain blood formation throughout our lifetime by undergoing long- and short-term self-renewal, respectively. As progenitor cells progress through the hematopoiesis process, their differentiation capabilities narrow, such that the precursors become committed to only one or two lineages. This Review focuses on recent advances in the identification and characterization of bipotent megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP), the cells that can further produce two completely different functional outputs: platelets and red blood cells. The existence of MEP has sparked controversy as studies describing the requirement for this intermediate progenitor stage prior to commitment to the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages have been potentially contradictory. Interpretation of these studies is complicated by the variety of species, cell sources, and analytical approaches used along with inherent challenges in the continuum of hematopoiesis, where hematopoietic progenitors do not stop at discrete steps on single paths as classically drawn in hematopoietic hierarchy models. With the goal of improving our understanding of human hematopoiesis, we discuss findings in both human and murine cells. Based on these data, MEP clearly represent a transitional stage of differentiation in at least one route to the generation of both megakaryocytes and erythroid cells. Stem Cells 2018;36:1138-1145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Xavier-Ferrucio
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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236
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Wei Q, Frenette PS. Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Immunity 2018; 48:632-648. [PMID: 29669248 PMCID: PMC6103525 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Steady-state hematopoietic stem cells' (HSCs) self-renewal and differentiation toward their mature progeny in the adult bone marrow is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular constituents have uncovered a high level of complexity. Here, we review emerging evidence showing how HSCs and their progeny are regulated by an interdependent network of mesenchymal stromal cells, nerve fibers, the vasculature, and also other hematopoietic cells. Understanding the interaction mechanisms in these intricate niches will provide great opportunities for HSC-related therapies and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departmentof Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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237
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Upadhaya S, Reizis B, Sawai CM. New genetic tools for the in vivo study of hematopoietic stem cell function. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:26-35. [PMID: 29501466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of blood cells is dependent on the activity of a rare stem cell population that normally resides in the bone marrow (BM) of the organism. These hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to both self-renew and differentiate, ensuring this lifelong hematopoiesis. Determining the regulation of HSC functions should thus provide critical insight to advancing regenerative medicine. Until quite recently, HSCs were primarily studied using in vitro studies and transplantations into immunodeficient hosts. Indeed, the definition of a bona fide HSC is its ability to reconstitute lymphopenic hosts. In this review, we discuss the development of novel, HSC-specific genetic reporter systems that enable the prospective identification of HSCs and the study of their functions in the absence of transplantation. Coupled with additional technological advances, these studies are now defining the fundamental properties of HSCs in vivo. Furthermore, complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC dormancy, self-renewal, and differentiation are being identified and further dissected. These novel reporter systems represent a major technological advance for the stem cell field and allow new questions to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Upadhaya
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M Sawai
- ACTION Laboratory, INSERM Unit 1218, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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238
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Laurenti E, Göttgens B. From haematopoietic stem cells to complex differentiation landscapes. Nature 2018; 553:418-426. [PMID: 29364285 PMCID: PMC6555401 DOI: 10.1038/nature25022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of mature blood cells from haematopoietic stem cells has long served as a model for stem-cell research, with the haematopoietic differentiation tree being widely used as a model for the maintenance of hierarchically organized tissues. Recent results and new technologies have challenged the demarcations between stem and progenitor cell populations, the timing of cell-fate choices and the contribution of stem and multipotent progenitor cells to the maintenance of steady-state blood production. These evolving views of haematopoiesis have broad implications for our understanding of the functions of adult stem cells, as well as the development of new therapies for malignant and non-malignant haematopoietic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology and Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
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