201
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Recent advancements in exon-skipping therapies using antisense oligonucleotides and genome editing for the treatment of various muscular dystrophies. Expert Rev Mol Med 2019; 21:e5. [PMID: 31576784 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterised by degeneration of muscles. Different forms of muscular dystrophy can show varying phenotypes with a wide range of age, severity and location of muscle deterioration. Many palliative care options are available for muscular dystrophy patients, but no curative treatment is available. Exon-skipping therapy aims to induce skipping of exons with disease-causing mutations and/or nearby exons to restore the reading frame, which results in an internally truncated, partially functional protein. In antisense-mediated exon-skipping synthetic antisense oligonucleotide binds to pre-mRNA to induce exon skipping. Recent advances in exon skipping have yielded promising results; the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved eteplirsen (Exondys51) as the first exon-skipping drug for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in vivo exon skipping has been demonstrated in animal models of dysferlinopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C and congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. Novel methods that induce exon skipping utilizing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are also being developed where splice site mutations are created within the genome to induce exon skipping. Challenges remain as exon-skipping agents can have deleterious non-specific effects and different in-frame deletions show phenotypic variance. This article reviews the state of the art of exon skipping for treating muscular dystrophy and discusses challenges and future prospects.
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202
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Zabaleta N, Hommel M, Salas D, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Genetic-Based Approaches to Inherited Metabolic Liver Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1190-1203. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Zabaleta
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Hommel
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Salas
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Vivet Therapeutics, Pamplona, Spain
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203
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Grisch-Chan HM, Schwank G, Harding CO, Thöny B. State-of-the-Art 2019 on Gene Therapy for Phenylketonuria. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1274-1283. [PMID: 31364419 PMCID: PMC6763965 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is considered to be a paradigm for a monogenic metabolic disorder but was never thought to be a primary application for human gene therapy due to established alternative treatment. However, somewhat unanticipated improvement in neuropsychiatric outcome upon long-term treatment of adults with PKU with enzyme substitution therapy might slowly change this assumption. In parallel, PKU was for a long time considered to be an excellent test system for experimental gene therapy of a Mendelian autosomal recessive defect of the liver due to an outstanding mouse model and the easy to analyze and well-defined therapeutic end point, that is, blood l-phenylalanine concentration. Lifelong treatment by targeting the mouse liver (or skeletal muscle) was achieved using different approaches, including (1) recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) or nonviral naked DNA vector-based gene addition, (2) genome editing using base editors delivered by rAAV vectors, and (3) by delivering rAAVs for promoter-less insertion of the PAH-cDNA into the Pah locus. In this article we summarize the gene therapeutic attempts of correcting a mouse model for PKU and discuss the future implications for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Man Grisch-Chan
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cary O. Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Science and Health University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
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204
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Jo DH, Song DW, Cho CS, Kim UG, Lee KJ, Lee K, Park SW, Kim D, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim S, Kim JH, Lee JM. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated therapeutic editing of Rpe65 ameliorates the disease phenotypes in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1210. [PMID: 31692906 PMCID: PMC6821465 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), one of the leading causes of childhood-onset blindness, is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in several genes including RPE65. In this study, we performed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated therapeutic correction of a disease-associated nonsense mutation in Rpe65 in rd12 mice, a model of human LCA. Subretinal injection of adeno-associated virus carrying CRISPR-Cas9 and donor DNA resulted in >1% homology-directed repair and ~1.6% deletion of the pathogenic stop codon in Rpe65 in retinal pigment epithelial tissues of rd12 mice. The a- and b-waves of electroretinograms were recovered to levels up to 21.2 ± 4.1% and 39.8 ± 3.2% of their wild-type mice counterparts upon bright stimuli after dark adaptation 7 months after injection. There was no definite evidence of histologic perturbation or tumorigenesis during 7 months of observation. Collectively, we present the first therapeutic correction of an Rpe65 nonsense mutation using CRISPR-Cas9, providing new insight for developing therapeutics for LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang Sik Cho
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Gi Kim
- ToolGen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Park
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (Je.H.K.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Jung Min Lee
- ToolGen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (Je.H.K.); (J.M.L.)
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205
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Suzuki K, Yamamoto M, Hernandez-Benitez R, Li Z, Wei C, Soligalla RD, Aizawa E, Hatanaka F, Kurita M, Reddy P, Ocampo A, Hishida T, Sakurai M, Nemeth AN, Nuñez Delicado E, Campistol JM, Magistretti P, Guillen P, Rodriguez Esteban C, Gong J, Yuan Y, Gu Y, Liu GH, López-Otín C, Wu J, Zhang K, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Precise in vivo genome editing via single homology arm donor mediated intron-targeting gene integration for genetic disease correction. Cell Res 2019; 29:804-819. [PMID: 31444470 PMCID: PMC6796851 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo genome editing represents a powerful strategy for both understanding basic biology and treating inherited diseases. However, it remains a challenge to develop universal and efficient in vivo genome-editing tools for tissues that comprise diverse cell types in either a dividing or non-dividing state. Here, we describe a versatile in vivo gene knock-in methodology that enables the targeting of a broad range of mutations and cell types through the insertion of a minigene at an intron of the target gene locus using an intracellularly linearized single homology arm donor. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on a mouse model of premature-aging caused by a dominant point mutation, which is difficult to repair using existing in vivo genome-editing tools. Systemic treatment using our new method ameliorated aging-associated phenotypes and extended animal lifespan, thus highlighting the potential of this methodology for a broad range of in vivo genome-editing applications.
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Grants
- DP1 DK113616 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 CA014195 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 HL123755 NHLBI NIH HHS
- J.C.I.B. was supported by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2012-PG-MED002), the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, NIH (R01HL123755 and 5 DP1 DK113616), The Progeria Research Foundation, The Glenn Foundation, KAUST, The Moxie Foundation, Fundación Dr. Pedro Guillen, AFE and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM).
- K.S. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (15K21762 and 18H04036), Takeda Science Foundation, The Uehara Memorial Foundation, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (BS291007), The Sumitomo Foundation (170220), The Naito Foundation, The Kurata Grants (1350), Mochida Memorial Foundation and The Inamori Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Suzuki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Zhe Li
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Christopher Wei
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Rupa Devi Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Kurita
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Amy N Nemeth
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro Guillen
- Fundacion Dr. Pedro Guillen, Clinica CEMTRO, Avenida Ventisquero de la Condesa, 4228035, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jianhui Gong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jun Wu
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
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206
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Ju E, Li T, da Silva SR, Gao SJ. Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Efficient Delivery of Cas9 Protein through pH-Induced Assembly-Disassembly for Inactivation of Virus Oncogenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34717-34724. [PMID: 31469541 PMCID: PMC6763369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas gene editing system has been successfully applied to combating bacteria, cancer, virus, and genetic disorders. While viral vectors have been used for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the time required for insert cloning, and virus packaging and standardization, hinders its efficient use. Additionally, the high molecular weight of the Cas9 endonuclease makes it not easy for packing into the vehicles. Herein we report the self-assembly of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with SpCas9 protein (SpCas9-AuNCs) under physiological conditions and the efficient delivery of SpCas9 into the cell nucleus. This assembly process is highly dependent on pH. SpCas9-AuNCs are stable at a higher pH but are disassembled at a lower pH. Significantly, this assembly-disassembly process facilitates the delivery of SpCas9 into cells and the cell nucleus, where the SpCas9 exerts its cleavage function. As a proof-of-concept, the assembled SpCas9-AuNCs nanoparticles are successfully used for efficient knockout of the E6 oncogene, restoring the function of tumor-suppressive protein p53 and inducing apoptosis in cervical cancer cells with little effect on normal human cells. The SpCas9-AuNCs are useful for sgRNA functional validation, sgRNA library screening, and genomic manipulation.
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207
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Taylor AM, Shepherd L. The potential of nitisinone for the treatment of alkaptonuria. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1664899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Taylor
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Laura Shepherd
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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208
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Coutinho MF, Matos L, Santos JI, Alves S. RNA Therapeutics: How Far Have We Gone? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1157:133-177. [PMID: 31342441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19966-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the RNA molecule became one of the most promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Currently, a large number of RNA-based therapeutics are being investigated both at the basic research level and in late-stage clinical trials. Some of them are even already approved for treatment. RNA-based approaches can act at pre-mRNA level (by splicing modulation/correction using antisense oligonucleotides or U1snRNA vectors), at mRNA level (inhibiting gene expression by siRNAs and antisense oligonucleotides) or at DNA level (by editing mutated sequences through the use of CRISPR/Cas). Other RNA approaches include the delivery of in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA or the use of oligonucleotides aptamers. Here we review these approaches and their translation into clinics trying to give a brief overview also on the difficulties to its application as well as the research that is being done to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.
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209
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Ye H, Fussenegger M. Optogenetic Medicine: Synthetic Therapeutic Solutions Precision-Guided by Light. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:a034371. [PMID: 30291146 PMCID: PMC6719591 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene- and cell-based therapies are well recognized as central pillars of next-generation medicine, but controllability remains a critical issue for clinical applications. In this context, optogenetics is opening up exciting new opportunities for precision-guided medicine by using illumination with light of appropriate intensity and wavelength as a trigger signal to achieve pinpoint spatiotemporal control of cellular activities, such as transgene expression. In this review, we highlight recent advances in optogenetics, focusing on devices for biomedical applications. We introduce the construction and applications of optogenetic-based biomedical tools to treat neurological diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, and cancer, as well as bioelectronic implants that combine light-interfaced electronic devices and optogenetic systems into portable personalized precision bioelectronic medical tools. Optogenetics-based technology promises the capability to achieve traceless, remotely controlled precision dosing of an enormous range of therapeutic outputs. Finally, we discuss the prospects for optogenetic medicine, as well as some emerging challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Faculty of Science, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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210
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CRISPR-Cas9 system: A new-fangled dawn in gene editing. Life Sci 2019; 232:116636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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211
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Mills EM, Barlow VL, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Applying switchable Cas9 variants to in vivo gene editing for therapeutic applications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:17-29. [PMID: 31418127 PMCID: PMC7051928 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progress in targeted gene editing by programmable endonucleases has paved the way for their use in gene therapy. Particularly, Cas9 is an endonuclease with high activity and flexibility, rendering it an attractive option for therapeutic applications in clinical settings. Many disease-causing mutations could potentially be corrected by this versatile new technology. In addition, recently developed switchable Cas9 variants, whose activity can be controlled by an external stimulus, provide an extra level of spatiotemporal control on gene editing and are particularly desirable for certain applications. Here, we discuss the considerations and difficulties for implementing Cas9 to in vivo gene therapy. We put particular emphasis on how switchable Cas9 variants may resolve some of these barriers and advance gene therapy in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mills
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | | | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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212
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Papasavva P, Kleanthous M, Lederer CW. Rare Opportunities: CRISPR/Cas-Based Therapy Development for Rare Genetic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:201-222. [PMID: 30945166 PMCID: PMC6469594 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases pose a global challenge, in that their collective impact on health systems is considerable, whereas their individually rare occurrence impedes research and development of efficient therapies. In consequence, patients and their families are often unable to find an expert for their affliction, let alone a cure. The tide is turning as pharmaceutical companies embrace gene therapy development and as serviceable tools for the repair of primary mutations separate the ability to create cures from underlying disease expertise. Whereas gene therapy by gene addition took decades to reach the clinic by incremental disease-specific refinements of vectors and methods, gene therapy by genome editing in its basic form merely requires certainty about the causative mutation. Suddenly we move from concept to trial in 3 years instead of 30: therapy development in the fast lane, with all the positive and negative implications of the phrase. Since their first application to eukaryotic cells in 2013, the proliferation and refinement in particular of tools based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) prokaryotic RNA-guided nucleases has prompted a landslide of therapy-development studies for rare diseases. An estimated thousands of orphan diseases are up for adoption, and legislative, entrepreneurial, and research initiatives may finally conspire to find many of them a good home. Here we summarize the most significant recent achievements and remaining hurdles in the application of CRISPR/Cas technology to rare diseases and take a glimpse at the exciting road ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Papasavva
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine and The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine and The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine and The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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213
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Bollen Y, Post J, Koo BK, Snippert HJG. How to create state-of-the-art genetic model systems: strategies for optimal CRISPR-mediated genome editing. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6435-6454. [PMID: 29955892 PMCID: PMC6061873 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Model systems with defined genetic modifications are powerful tools for basic research and translational disease modelling. Fortunately, generating state-of-the-art genetic model systems is becoming more accessible to non-geneticists due to advances in genome editing technologies. As a consequence, solely relying on (transient) overexpression of (mutant) effector proteins is no longer recommended since scientific standards increasingly demand genetic modification of endogenous loci. In this review, we provide up-to-date guidelines with respect to homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated editing of mammalian model systems, aimed at assisting researchers in designing an efficient genome editing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bollen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands.,Medical Cell BioPhysics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Post
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hugo J G Snippert
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
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214
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Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a viable option for clinical therapy of monogenic disorders and other genetically defined diseases, with approved gene therapies available in Europe and newly approved gene therapies in the United States. In the past 10 years, gene therapy has moved from a distant possibility, even in the minds of much of the scientific community, to being widely realized as a valuable therapeutic tool with wide-ranging potential. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved Luxturna (Spark Therapeutics Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA), a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 2 gene therapy for one type of Leber congenital amaurosis 2 ( 1 , 2 ). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved 3 recombinant viral vector products: Glybera (UniQure, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), an rAAV vector for lipoprotein lipase deficiency; Strimvelis (Glaxo Smith-Kline, Brentford, United Kingdom), an ex vivo gammaretrovirus-based therapy for patients with adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID); and Kymriah (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), an ex vivo lentivirus-based therapy to engineer autologous chimeric antigen-receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting CD19-positive cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These examples will be followed by the clinical approval of other gene therapy products as this field matures. In this review we provide an overview of the state of gene therapy by discussing where the field stands with respect to the different gene therapy vector platforms and the types of therapies that are available.-Gruntman, A. M., Flotte, T. R. The rapidly evolving state of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Gruntman
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence R Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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215
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Abstract
Large-scale sequencing of human tumours has uncovered a vast array of genomic alterations. Genetically engineered mouse models recapitulate many features of human cancer and have been instrumental in assigning biological meaning to specific cancer-associated alterations. However, their time, cost and labour-intensive nature limits their broad utility; thus, the functional importance of the majority of genomic aberrations in cancer remains unknown. Recent advances have accelerated the functional interrogation of cancer-associated alterations within in vivo models. Specifically, the past few years have seen the emergence of CRISPR-Cas9-based strategies to rapidly generate increasingly complex somatic alterations and the development of multiplexed and quantitative approaches to ascertain gene function in vivo.
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216
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Hennessy EJ. Cardiovascular Disease and Long Noncoding RNAs: Tools for Unraveling the Mystery Lnc-ing RNA and Phenotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:e001556. [PMID: 28768752 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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217
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Çiçek YA, Luther DC, Kretzmann JA, Rotello VM. Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for in Vivo Translation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:304-311. [PMID: 30828060 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has revolutionized therapeutic gene editing by providing researchers with a new method to study and cure diseases previously considered untreatable. While the full range and power of CRISPR technology for therapeutics is being elucidated through in vitro studies, translation to in vivo studies is slow. To date there is no totally effective delivery strategy to carry CRISPR components to the target site in vivo. The complexity of in vivo delivery is furthered by the number of potential delivery methods, the different forms in which CRISPR can be delivered as a therapeutic, and the disease target and tissue type in question. There are major challenges and limitations to delivery strategies, and it is imperative that future directions are guided by well-conducted studies that consider the full effect these variables have on the eventual outcome. In this review we will discuss the advances of the latest in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 delivery strategies and highlight the challenges yet to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağız Anıl Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU)
| | | | - Jessica A Kretzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts.,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia
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218
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Barnby E, Reynolds M, O'Neal P. Genomic Science-From 2001 to Present Day: What School Nurses Need to Know. NASN Sch Nurse 2019; 34:235-239. [PMID: 30382772 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x18810790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic science has made remarkable advances in the 21st century. As genetic and genomic sciences continue to expand, school nurses will become thoroughly immersed in data, information, and technology. As new diseases, treatments, and therapies are discovered, school nurses will need to implement and assess best practices for the complex and medically fragile student population. This article will discuss the top 10 recent discoveries in genomic science and how school nurses can use this information in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnby
- Clinical Associate Professor, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL
| | - Mark Reynolds
- Clinical Assistant Professor; RN-BSN/MSN, Program Coordinator, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL
| | - Pamela O'Neal
- Associate Professor, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL
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219
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Xie J, Ge W, Li N, Liu Q, Chen F, Yang X, Huang X, Ouyang Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Gou S, Wu H, Lai C, Fan N, Jin Q, Shi H, Liang Y, Lan T, Quan L, Li X, Wang K, Lai L. Efficient base editing for multiple genes and loci in pigs using base editors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2852. [PMID: 31253764 PMCID: PMC6599043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable programmable C-to-T conversion without DNA double-stranded breaks and homology-directed repair in a variety of organisms, which exhibit great potential for agricultural and biomedical applications. However, all reported cases only involved C-to-T substitution at a single targeted genomic site. Whether C-to-T substitution is effective in multiple sites/loci has not been verified in large animals. Here, by using pigs, an important animal for agriculture and biomedicine, as the subjective animal, we showed that CBEs could efficiently induce C-to-T conversions at multiple sites/loci with the combination of three genes, including DMD, TYR, and LMNA, or RAG1, RAG2, and IL2RG, simultaneously, at the embryonic and cellular levels. CBEs also could disrupt genes (pol gene of porcine endogenous retrovirus) with dozens of copies by introducing multiple premature stop codons. With the CBEs, pigs carrying single gene or multiple gene point mutations were generated through embryo injection or nuclear transfer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weikai Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xingyun Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Quanjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shixue Gou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengdan Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Nana Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ting Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Longquan Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kepin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China.
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220
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De Caneva A, Porro F, Bortolussi G, Sola R, Lisjak M, Barzel A, Giacca M, Kay MA, Vlahoviček K, Zentilin L, Muro AF. Coupling AAV-mediated promoterless gene targeting to SaCas9 nuclease to efficiently correct liver metabolic diseases. JCI Insight 2019; 5:128863. [PMID: 31211694 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-integrative AAV-mediated gene therapy in the liver is effective in adult patients, but faces limitations in pediatric settings due to episomal DNA loss during hepatocyte proliferation. Gene targeting is a promising approach by permanently modifying the genome. We previously rescued neonatal lethality in Crigler-Najjar mice by inserting a promoterless human uridine glucuronosyl transferase A1 (UGT1A1) cDNA in exon 14 of the albumin gene, without the use of nucleases. To increase recombination rate and therapeutic efficacy, here we used CRISPR/SaCas9. Neonatal mice were transduced with two AAVs: one expressing the SaCas9 and sgRNA, and one containing a promoterless cDNA flanked by albumin homology regions. Targeting efficiency increased ~26-fold with an eGFP reporter cDNA, reaching up to 24% of eGFP-positive hepatocytes. Next, we fully corrected the diseased phenotype of Crigler-Najjar mice by targeting the hUGT1A1 cDNA. Treated mice had normal plasma bilirubin up to 10 months after administration, hUGT1A1 protein levels were ~6-fold higher than in WT liver, with a 90-fold increase in recombination rate. Liver histology, inflammatory markers, and plasma albumin were normal in treated mice, with no off-targets in predicted sites. Thus, the improved efficacy and reassuring safety profile support the potential application of the proposed approach to other liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Caneva
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Porro
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bortolussi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Lisjak
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Adi Barzel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Mark A Kay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristian Vlahoviček
- Bioinformatics Group, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrés F Muro
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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221
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You L, Tong R, Li M, Liu Y, Xue J, Lu Y. Advancements and Obstacles of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Translational Research. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:359-370. [PMID: 30989086 PMCID: PMC6447755 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The expanding CRISPR-Cas9 technology is an easily accessible, programmable, and precise gene-editing tool with numerous applications, most notably in biomedical research. Together with advancements in genome and transcriptome sequencing in the era of metadata, genomic engineering with CRISPR-Cas9 meets the developmental requirements of precision medicine, and clinical tests using CRISPR-Cas9 are now possible. This review summarizes developments and established preclinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, along with its current challenges, and highlights future applications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting You
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ruizhan Tong
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, 83 Zhongshan Dong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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222
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Kang W, Sun Z, Zhao X, Wang X, Tao Y, Wu H. Gene editing based hearing impairment research and therapeutics. Neurosci Lett 2019; 709:134326. [PMID: 31195050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment affects 1 in 500 newborns worldwide and nearly one out of three people over the age of 65 (WHO, 2019). Hereditary hearing loss is the most common type of congenital deafness; genetic factors also affect deafness susceptibility. Gene therapies may preserve or restore natural sound perception, and have rescued deafness in multiple hereditary murine models. CRISPR-Cas9 and base editors (BEs) are newly developed gene editing technologies that can facilitate gene studies in the inner ear and provide therapeutic approaches for hearing impairment. Here, we present recent applications of gene editing in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Zhuoer Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Xingle Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China.
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, China.
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223
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Chuan D, Jin T, Fan R, Zhou L, Guo G. Chitosan for gene delivery: Methods for improvement and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:25-38. [PMID: 30933750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating challenging diseases. The successful delivery of genes is a critical step for gene therapy. However, concerns about immunogenicity and toxicity are the main obstacles against the widespread use of effective viral systems. Therefore, nonviral vectors are regarded as good alternatives to viral vectors. Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide that could be used to create nonviral gene delivery vectors. Various methods have been developed to improve the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery. This review introduces the features of chitosan in gene delivery, summarizes current progress toward methods promoting the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery, and presents different applications of chitosan in gene delivery vectors. Finally, future prospects of gene vectors based on chitosan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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224
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Sahel DK, Mittal A, Chitkara D. CRISPR/Cas System for Genome Editing: Progress and Prospects as a Therapeutic Tool. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:725-735. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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225
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Recent trends in CRISPR-Cas system: genome, epigenome, and transcriptome editing and CRISPR delivery systems. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:871-877. [PMID: 31119685 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRISPR-Cas systems have emerged as a robust genome editing tool useful in various fields of research. With the discovery and development of the orthologous CRISPR-Cas systems, their genome editing efficiency have improved. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aim to present the recent developments and applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems. METHODS First, we introduce how the advancements of CRISPR technology enabled genome editing to single base precision. Then, we discuss the CRISPR based methods for targeted transcriptional regulation, epigenome editing, and RNA editing. Finally, we review the CRISPR delivery systems highlighting recent attempts to integrate nanotechnology to develop novel CRISPR delivery modalities. CONCLUSION Here, we review the recent trends in CRISPR-based biotechnologies, encompassing genome editing, epigenome regulation and direct RNA targeting and provide an overview of methods employed for CRISPR delivery with an emphasis on the most recent nanotechnology-based delivery strategies. We anticipate that the development of CRISPR based technology will continue to explore novel methods.
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226
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Therapeutic application of the CRISPR system: current issues and new prospects. Hum Genet 2019; 138:563-590. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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227
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Zhuang X, Zhang H, Hu G. Cancer and Microenvironment Plasticity: Double-Edged Swords in Metastasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:419-429. [PMID: 31078320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiates at one site (primary tumor) and, in most cases, spreads to other distant organs (metastasis). During the multistep process of metastasis, primary tumor cells acquire cellular and phenotypic plasticity to survive and thrive in different environments. Moreover, cancer cells also utilize and educate microenvironmental components by reshaping them into accomplices of metastasis. Recent studies have identified a plethora of new molecular and cellular modulators of metastasis that have dynamic or even opposite roles, dominating the phenotypic plasticity of both tumoral and microenvironmental components. In this review we discuss their bipotential functions and the possible underpinning mechanisms, as well as their implications for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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228
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Qiao J, Li W, Lin S, Sun W, Ma L, Liu Y. Co-expression of Cas9 and single-guided RNAs in Escherichia coli streamlines production of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Commun Biol 2019; 2:161. [PMID: 31069270 PMCID: PMC6499778 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are promising biological tools with diverse biomedical applications. However, to date there are no efficient methods that can produce these proteins at large scales and low cost. Here, we present a streamlined method for direct production of Cas9 RNPs from Escherichia coli by co-expression of Cas9 and the target-specific single-guided RNAs. Harnessing an ultrahigh-affinity CL7/Im7 purification system recently developed we achieve one-step purification of the self-assembling CRISPR/Cas RNPs, including the commonly used Cas9 and Cas12a, within half a day and with a ~fourfold higher yield than incumbent methods. The prepared Cas RNPs show remarkable stability in the absence of RNase inhibitors, as well as profound gene-editing efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our method is convenient, cost-effective, and can be used to prepare other CRISPR/Cas RNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Siyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Wenli Sun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
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229
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In vitro and in vivo translational models for rare liver diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1003-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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230
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McCullough KT, Boye SL, Fajardo D, Calabro K, Peterson JJ, Strang CE, Chakraborty D, Gloskowski S, Haskett S, Samuelsson S, Jiang H, Witherspoon CD, Gamlin PD, Maeder ML, Boye SE. Somatic Gene Editing of GUCY2D by AAV-CRISPR/Cas9 Alters Retinal Structure and Function in Mouse and Macaque. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:571-589. [PMID: 30358434 PMCID: PMC6534089 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GUCY2D, the gene encoding retinal guanylate cyclase-1 (retGC1), are the leading cause of autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy (CORD6). Significant progress toward clinical application of gene replacement therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) due to recessive mutations in GUCY2D (LCA1) has been made, but a different approach is needed to treat CORD6 where gain of function mutations cause dysfunction and dystrophy. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system efficiently disrupts genes at desired loci, enabling complete gene knockout or homology directed repair. Here, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 was used specifically to edit/disrupt this gene's early coding sequence in mouse and macaque photoreceptors in vivo, thereby knocking out retGC1 expression and demonstrably altering retinal function and structure. Neither preexisting nor induced Cas9-specific T-cell responses resulted in ocular inflammation in macaques, nor did it limit GUCY2D editing. The results show, for the first time, the ability to perform somatic gene editing in primates using AAV-CRISPR/Cas9 and demonstrate the viability this approach for treating inherited retinal diseases in general and CORD6 in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanford L. Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Diego Fajardo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kaitlyn Calabro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James J. Peterson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christianne E. Strang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul D. Gamlin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Shannon E. Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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231
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Acun A, Zorlutuna P. CRISPR/Cas9 Edited Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Vascular Tissues to Model Aging and Disease-Dependent Impairment. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:759-772. [PMID: 30704346 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Modeling human disease as precisely as possible is of upmost importance in understanding the underlying pathology and discovering effective therapies. Therefore, disease models that are highly controlled and composed of human-origin cells that present the disease phenotype are crucial. The human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based tissue model we present in this study is an important example of human-origin tissue model with controlled gene expression. Through CRISPR/Cas9 editing of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in hiPSCs, we developed tissue models that show the age and disease-dependent endothelial deterioration. This model holds promise for various biomedical applications as more realistic disease phenotypes can be created using fully human-origin platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Acun
- 1 Bioengineering Graduate Program and University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- 1 Bioengineering Graduate Program and University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,2 Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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232
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PASLARU LILIANA, ALEXANDRU PETRUTA, M. CRETOIU SANDA, O. DIMA SIMONA, POPESCU IRINEL. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in Huh7 and Hepa RG cell lines. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/216.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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233
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Agarwal N, Popovic B, Martucci NJ, Fraunhoffer NA, Soto-Gutierrez A. Biofabrication of Autologous Human Hepatocytes for Transplantation: How Do We Get There? Gene Expr 2019; 19:89-95. [PMID: 30143060 PMCID: PMC6466180 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15350366478989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Directed differentiation of hepatocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise as source material for treating some liver disorders. The unlimited availability of perfectly differentiated iPSC-derived hepatocytes will dramatically facilitate cell therapies. While systems to manufacture large quantities of iPSC-derived cells have been developed, we have been unable to generate and maintain stable and mature adult liver cells ex vivo. This short review highlights important challenges and possible solutions to the current state of hepatocyte biofabrication for cellular therapies to treat liver diseases. Successful cell transplantation will require optimizing the best cell function, overcoming limitations to cell numbers and safety, as well as a number of other challenges. Collaboration among scientists, clinicians, and industry is critical for generating new autologous stem cell-based therapies to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Agarwal
- *School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Branimir Popovic
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole J. Martucci
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas A. Fraunhoffer
- †Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- §Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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234
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Qiao J, Sun W, Lin S, Jin R, Ma L, Liu Y. Cytosolic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for genome editing using chitosan-coated red fluorescent protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4707-4710. [PMID: 30942216 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Though plenty of viral and non-viral methods have been rapidly developed for the delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, the direct delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the nucleus for genome editing via the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway, especially the latter one, remains a challenge. Here we report a delivery vehicle achieved by encapsulating red fluorescent protein (RFP) within chitosan (CS), which can simultaneously deliver engineered Cas9 RNPs with a poly-glutamate peptide tag (E-tag) and DNA donors into a range of cell types with high genome editing efficacy and non-cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, China.
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235
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Zhang HX, Zhang Y, Yin H. Genome Editing with mRNA Encoding ZFN, TALEN, and Cas9. Mol Ther 2019; 27:735-746. [PMID: 30803822 PMCID: PMC6453514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies based on programmable nucleases have significantly broadened our ability to make precise and direct changes in the genomic DNA of various species, including human cells. Delivery of programmable nucleases into the target tissue or cell is one of the pressing challenges in transforming the technology into medicine. In vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA-mediated delivery of nucleases has several advantages, such as transient expression with efficient in vivo and in vitro delivery, no genomic integration, a potentially low off-target rate, and high editing efficiency. This review focuses on key barriers related to IVT mRNA delivery, on developed modes of delivery, and on the application and future prospects of mRNA encoding nuclease-mediated genome editing in research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China.
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, China.
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236
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Khan SH. Genome-Editing Technologies: Concept, Pros, and Cons of Various Genome-Editing Techniques and Bioethical Concerns for Clinical Application. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:326-334. [PMID: 30965277 PMCID: PMC6454098 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional healthcare system is at the doorstep for entering into the arena of molecular medicine. The enormous knowledge and ongoing research have now been able to demonstrate methodologies that can alter DNA coding. The techniques used to edit or change the genome evolved from the earlier attempts like nuclease technologies, homing endonucleases, and certain chemical methods. Molecular techniques like meganuclease, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) initially emerged as genome-editing technologies. These initial technologies suffer from lower specificity due to their off-targets side effects. Moreover, from biotechnology's perspective, the main obstacle was to develop simple but effective delivery methods for host cell entry. Later, small RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been widely adopted in the research laboratories to replace lab animals and cell lines. The latest discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology seems more encouraging by providing better efficiency, feasibility, and multi-role clinical application. This later biotechnology seem to take genome-engineering techniques to the next level of molecular engineering. This review generally discusses the various gene-editing technologies in terms of the mechanisms of action, advantages, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Hayat Khan
- Department of Pathology, PNS HAFEEZ Hospital, Pathology E-8, Islamabad, Islamabad 44400, Pakistan.
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237
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Safe CRISPR: Challenges and Possible Solutions. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:389-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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238
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Cai Y, Cheng T, Yao Y, Li X, Ma Y, Li L, Zhao H, Bao J, Zhang M, Qiu Z, Xue T. In vivo genome editing rescues photoreceptor degeneration via a Cas9/RecA-mediated homology-directed repair pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav3335. [PMID: 31001583 PMCID: PMC6469935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although Cas9-mediated genome editing has been widely used to engineer alleles in animal models of human inherited diseases, very few homology-directed repair (HDR)-based genetic editing systems have been established in postnatal mouse models for effective and lasting phenotypic rescue. Here, we developed an HDR-based Cas9/RecA system to precisely correct Pde6b mutation with increased HDR efficiency in postnatal rodless (rd1) mice, a retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mutant model characterized by photoreceptor degeneration and loss of vision. The Cas9/RecA system incorporated Cas9 endonuclease enzyme to generate double-strand breaks (DSBs) and bacterial recombinase A (RecA) to increase homologous recombination. Our data revealed that Cas9/RecA treatment significantly promoted the survival of both rod and cone photoreceptors, restored the expression of PDE6B in rod photoreceptors, and enhanced the visual functions of rd1 mice. Thus, this study provides a precise therapeutic strategy for RP and other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tianlin Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yichuan Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuqian Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jin Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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239
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Naduthodi MIS, Mohanraju P, Südfeld C, D’Adamo S, Barbosa MJ, van der Oost J. CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein mediated homology-directed repair for efficient targeted genome editing in microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:66. [PMID: 30962821 PMCID: PMC6432748 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are considered as a sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other value-added compounds. In particular, Nannochloropsis spp. stand out from other microalgal species due to their capabilities to accumulate both triacylglycerol (TAG) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, the commercialization of microalgae-derived products is primarily hindered by the high production costs compared to less sustainable alternatives. Efficient genome editing techniques leading to effective metabolic engineering could result in strains with enhanced productivities of interesting metabolites and thereby reduce the production costs. Competent CRISPR-based genome editing techniques have been reported in several microalgal species, and only very recently in Nannochloropsis spp. (2017). All the reported CRISPR-Cas-based systems in Nannochloropsis spp. rely on plasmid-borne constitutive expression of Cas9 and a specific guide, combined with repair of double-stranded breaks (DSB) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) for the target gene knockout. RESULTS In this study, we report for the first time an alternative approach for CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing in Nannochloropsis sp.; the Cas ribonucleoproteins (RNP) and an editing template were directly delivered into microalgal cells via electroporation, making Cas expression dispensable and homology-directed repair (HDR) possible with high efficiency. Apart from widely used SpCas9, Cas12a variants from three different bacterium were used for this approach. We observed that FnCas12a from Francisella novicida generated HDR-based targeted mutants with highest efficiency (up to 93% mutants among transformants) while AsCas12a from Acidaminococcus sp. resulted in the lowest efficiency. We initially show that the native homologous recombination (HR) system in N. oceanica IMET1 is not efficient for easy isolation of targeted mutants by HR. Cas9/sgRNA RNP delivery greatly enhanced HR at the target site, generating around 70% of positive mutant lines. CONCLUSION We show that the delivery of Cas RNP by electroporation can be an alternative approach to the presently reported plasmid-based Cas9 method for generating mutants of N. oceanica. The co-delivery of Cas-RNPs along with a dsDNA repair template efficiently enhanced HR at the target site, resulting in a remarkable higher percentage of positive mutant lines. Therefore, this approach can be used for efficient generation of targeted mutants in Nannochloropsis sp. In addition, we here report the activity of several Cas12a homologs in N. oceanica IMET1, identifying FnCas12a as the best performer for high efficiency targeted genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihris Ibnu Saleem Naduthodi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prarthana Mohanraju
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Südfeld
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah D’Adamo
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Barbosa
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yin J, Hou S, Wang Q, Bao L, Liu D, Yue Y, Yao W, Gao X. Microenvironment-Responsive Delivery of the Cas9 RNA-Guided Endonuclease for Efficient Genome Editing. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:898-906. [PMID: 30802405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Successful and efficient delivery of Cas9 protein and gRNA into cells is critical for genome editing and its therapeutic application. In this study, we developed an improved supercharged polypeptide (SCP) mediated delivery system based on dithiocyclopeptide linker to realize the effective genome editing in tumor cells. The fusion protein Cas9-linker-SCP (Cas9-LS) forms positively charged complexes with gRNA in vitro to provide possibilities for gRNA delivery into cells. Under the microenvironment of tumor cells, the dithiocyclopeptide linker, containing matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) sensitive sequence and an intramolecular disulfide bond, can be completely disconnected to promote the release of Cas9 protein with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in the cytoplasm and transfer to the cell nucleus for highly efficient genome editing, resulting in an obvious increase of indel efficiency in comparison to fusion protein without dithiocyclopeptide linker (Cas9-SCP). Furthermore, Cas9-LS shows no significant cytotoxicity and minimal hemolytic activity. We envision that the microenvironment-responsive Cas9 protein delivery system can facilitate more efficient genome editing in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Shan Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Qun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Lichen Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yali Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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241
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Evasion of Pre-Existing Immunity to Cas9: a Prerequisite for Successful Genome Editing In Vivo? CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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242
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Zarei A, Razban V, Hosseini SE, Tabei SMB. Creating cell and animal models of human disease by genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3082. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Marvdasht BranchIslamic Azad University Marvdasht Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Fars Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz Iran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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243
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Rouet R, Christ D. Efficient Intracellular Delivery of CRISPR-Cas Ribonucleoproteins through Receptor Mediated Endocytosis. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:554-561. [PMID: 30779874 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported a new delivery system harnessing surface receptors for targeted uptake of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into mammalian cells (Rouet et al., JACS 2018). For this purpose, Cas9 protein was labeled with the small molecule ligand ASGRL, specific for the asialoglycoprotein receptor, enabling endosomal uptake of the ribonucleoprotein into human cells expressing the receptor. However, detailed mechanistic insights had remained unknown and editing efficiency low. Here we investigate the mechanism of endosomal escape as mediated by the ppTG21 endosomolytic peptide and outline the development of novel Cas9 or Cas12a ribonucleoprotein complexes with increased editing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rouet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of New South Wales Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Darlinghurst, New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of New South Wales Sydney, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Darlinghurst, New South Wales Australia
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244
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In vivo neuronal gene editing via CRISPR–Cas9 amphiphilic nanocomplexes alleviates deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:524-528. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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245
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Porteus
- From the Department of Pediatrics-Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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246
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Rui Y, Wilson DR, Green JJ. Non-Viral Delivery To Enable Genome Editing. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:281-293. [PMID: 30278987 PMCID: PMC6378131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENS), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein system have revolutionized biological research. Each biotechnology consists of a DNA-binding protein that can be programmed to recognize and initiate double-strand breaks (DSBs) for site-specific gene modification. These technologies have the potential to be harnessed to cure diseases caused by aberrant gene expression. To be successful therapeutically, their functionality depends on their safe and efficient delivery into the cell nucleus. This review discusses the challenges in the delivery of genome-editing tools, and highlights recent innovations in non-viral delivery that have potential to overcome these limitations and advance the translation of genome editing towards patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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247
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Saha SK, Saikot FK, Rahman MS, Jamal MAHM, Rahman SMK, Islam SMR, Kim KH. Programmable Molecular Scissors: Applications of a New Tool for Genome Editing in Biotech. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:212-238. [PMID: 30641475 PMCID: PMC6330515 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing is an advanced technique that enables precise modification of the nucleic acid sequences in a genome. Genome editing is typically performed using tools, such as molecular scissors, to cut a defined location in a specific gene. Genome editing has impacted various fields of biotechnology, such as agriculture; biopharmaceutical production; studies on the structure, regulation, and function of the genome; and the creation of transgenic organisms and cell lines. Although genome editing is used frequently, it has several limitations. Here, we provide an overview of well-studied genome-editing nucleases, including single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided nucleases (CRISPR-Cas9). To this end, we describe the progress toward editable nuclease-based therapies and discuss the minimization of off-target mutagenesis. Future prospects of this challenging scientific field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-Ro, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Forhad Karim Saikot
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | | | - S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - S M Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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248
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Loureiro A, da Silva GJ. CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E18. [PMID: 30823430 PMCID: PMC6466564 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are pervasive viruses that infect bacteria, relying on their genetic machinery to replicate. In order to protect themselves from this kind of invader, bacteria developed an ingenious adaptive defence system, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Researchers soon realised that a specific type of CRISPR system, CRISPR-Cas9, could be modified into a simple and efficient genetic engineering technology, with several improvements over currently used systems. This discovery set in motion a revolution in genetics, with new and improved CRISPR systems being used in plenty of in vitro and in vivo experiments in recent years. This review illustrates the mechanisms behind CRISPR-Cas systems as a means of bacterial immunity against phage invasion and how these systems were engineered to originate new genetic manipulation tools. Newfound CRISPR-Cas technologies and the up-and-coming applications of these systems on healthcare and other fields of science are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Loureiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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249
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez DR, Ramírez-Solís R, Garza-Elizondo MA, Garza-Rodríguez MDL, Barrera-Saldaña HA. Genome editing: A perspective on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to study human diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1559-1574. [PMID: 30816503 PMCID: PMC6414166 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing reemerged in 2012 with the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which is a genetic manipulation tool derived from the defense system of certain bacteria against viruses and plasmids. This method is easy to apply and has been used in a wide variety of experimental models, including cell lines, laboratory animals, plants, and even in human clinical trials. The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of directing the Cas9 nuclease to create a site-directed double-strand DNA break using a small RNA molecule as a guide. A process that allows a permanent modification of the genomic target sequence can repair the damage caused to DNA. In the present study, the basic principles of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are reviewed, as well as the strategies and modifications of the enzyme Cas9 to eliminate the off-target cuts, and the different applications of CRISPR/Cas9 as a system for visualization and gene expression activation or suppression. In addition, the review emphasizes on the potential application of this system in the treatment of different diseases, such as pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hematologic, immune system, viral, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Raquel Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José E. González', Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Ramiro Ramírez-Solís
- Institutional Core Laboratories, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mario Alberto Garza-Elizondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Service of Rheumatology, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José E. González', Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - María De Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José E. González', Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Hugo Alberto Barrera-Saldaña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José E. González', Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
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250
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Karimian A, Azizian K, Parsian H, Rafieian S, Shafiei‐Irannejad V, Kheyrollah M, Yousefi M, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potent molecular tool for gene therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12267-12277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Sona Rafieian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine National Institue of Genetic Engeneering and Biotechnology Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
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