201
|
Lee JH, Protze SI, Laksman Z, Backx PH, Keller GM. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Develop from Distinct Mesoderm Populations. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:179-194.e4. [PMID: 28777944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the different cardiomyocyte subtypes is a prerequisite for modeling specific forms of cardiovascular disease in vitro and for developing novel therapies to treat them. Here we have investigated the development of the human atrial and ventricular lineages from hPSCs, and we show that retinoic acid signaling at the mesoderm stage of development is required for atrial specification. Analyses of early developmental stages revealed that ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes derive from different mesoderm populations that can be distinguished based on CD235a and RALDH2 expression, respectively. Molecular and electrophysiological characterization of the derivative cardiomyocytes revealed that optimal specification of ventricular and atrial cells is dependent on induction of the appropriate mesoderm. Together these findings provide new insights into the development of the human atrial and ventricular lineages that enable the generation of highly enriched, functional cardiomyocyte populations for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Lee
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6E 1M7, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Division of Cardiology and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Anderson DJ, Kaplan DI, Bell KM, Koutsis K, Haynes JM, Mills RJ, Phelan DG, Qian EL, Leitoguinho AR, Arasaratnam D, Labonne T, Ng ES, Davis RP, Casini S, Passier R, Hudson JE, Porrello ER, Costa MW, Rafii A, Curl CL, Delbridge LM, Harvey RP, Oshlack A, Cheung MM, Mummery CL, Petrou S, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG, Elliott DA. NKX2-5 regulates human cardiomyogenesis via a HEY2 dependent transcriptional network. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1373. [PMID: 29636455 PMCID: PMC5893543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects can be caused by mutations in genes that guide cardiac lineage formation. Here, we show deletion of NKX2-5, a critical component of the cardiac gene regulatory network, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), results in impaired cardiomyogenesis, failure to activate VCAM1 and to downregulate the progenitor marker PDGFRα. Furthermore, NKX2-5 null cardiomyocytes have abnormal physiology, with asynchronous contractions and altered action potentials. Molecular profiling and genetic rescue experiments demonstrate that the bHLH protein HEY2 is a key mediator of NKX2-5 function during human cardiomyogenesis. These findings identify HEY2 as a novel component of the NKX2-5 cardiac transcriptional network, providing tangible evidence that hESC models can decipher the complex pathways that regulate early stage human heart development. These data provide a human context for the evaluation of pathogenic mutations in congenital heart disease. A gene regulatory network, including the transcription factor Nkx2-5, regulates cardiac development. Here, the authors show that on deletion of NKX2-5 from human embryonic stem cells, there is impaired cardiomyogenesis and changes in action potentials, and that this is regulated via HEY2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Anderson
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David I Kaplan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katerina Koutsis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dean G Phelan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Qian
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ana Rita Leitoguinho
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Deevina Arasaratnam
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Tanya Labonne
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James E Hudson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lea M Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Applications of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell reporters in cardiac stem cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:66-73. [PMID: 29579626 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has benefited many fields, from regenerative medicine to disease modeling, with an especially profound effect in cardiac research. Coupled with other novel technologies in genome engineering, hPSCs offer a great opportunity to delineate human cardiac lineages, investigate inherited cardiovascular diseases, and assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for generating genetically engineered hPSC reporters and a succinct synopsis of a variety of hPSC reporters, with a particular focus on their applications in cardiac stem cell biology.
Collapse
|
204
|
Abstract
Electrogenesis in the heart begins in the sinoatrial node and proceeds down the conduction system to originate the heartbeat. Conduction system disorders lead to slow heart rates that are insufficient to support the circulation, necessitating implantation of electronic pacemakers. The typical electronic pacemaker consists of a subcutaneous generator and battery module attached to one or more endocardial leads. New leadless pacemakers can be implanted directly into the right ventricular apex, providing single-chamber pacing without a subcutaneous generator. Modern pacemakers are generally reliable, and their programmability provides options for different pacing modes tailored to specific clinical needs. Advances in device technology will probably include alternative energy sources and dual-chamber leadless pacing in the not-too-distant future. Although effective, current electronic devices have limitations related to lead or generator malfunction, lack of autonomic responsiveness, undesirable interactions with strong magnetic fields, and device-related infections. Biological pacemakers, generated by somatic gene transfer, cell fusion, or cell transplantation, provide an alternative to electronic devices. Somatic reprogramming strategies, which involve transfer of genes encoding transcription factors to transform working myocardium into a surrogate sinoatrial node, are furthest along in the translational pipeline. Even as electronic pacemakers become smaller and less invasive, biological pacemakers might expand the therapeutic armamentarium for conduction system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Cingolani
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Joshua I Goldhaber
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Baio J, Martinez AF, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Pecaut MJ, Kearns-Jonker M. Spaceflight Activates Protein Kinase C Alpha Signaling and Modifies the Developmental Stage of Human Neonatal Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:805-818. [PMID: 29320953 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight impacts cardiovascular function in astronauts; however, its impact on cardiac development and the stem cells that form the basis for cardiac repair is unknown. Accordingly, further research is needed to uncover the potential relevance of such changes to human health. Using simulated microgravity (SMG) generated by two-dimensional clinorotation and culture aboard the International Space Station (ISS), we assessed the effects of mechanical unloading on human neonatal cardiovascular progenitor cell (CPC) developmental properties and signaling. Following 6-7 days of SMG and 12 days of ISS culture, we analyzed changes in gene expression. Both environments induced the expression of genes that are typically associated with an earlier state of cardiovascular development. To understand the mechanism by which such changes occurred, we assessed the expression of mechanosensitive small RhoGTPases in SMG-cultured CPCs and observed decreased levels of RHOA and CDC42. Given the effect of these molecules on intracellular calcium levels, we evaluated changes in noncanonical Wnt/calcium signaling. After 6-7 days under SMG, CPCs exhibited elevated levels of WNT5A and PRKCA. Similarly, ISS-cultured CPCs exhibited elevated levels of calcium handling and signaling genes, which corresponded to protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), a calcium-dependent protein kinase, activation after 30 days. Akt was activated, whereas phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels were unchanged. To explore the effect of calcium induction in neonatal CPCs, we activated PKCα using hWnt5a treatment on Earth. Subsequently, early cardiovascular developmental marker levels were elevated. Transcripts induced by SMG and hWnt5a-treatment are expressed within the sinoatrial node, which may represent embryonic myocardium maintained in its primitive state. Calcium signaling is sensitive to mechanical unloading and directs CPC developmental properties. Further research both in space and on Earth may help refine the use of CPCs in stem cell-based therapies and highlight the molecular events of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baio
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Aida F Martinez
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Leonard Bailey
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- 3 Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- 1 Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, California
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Burkhard SB, Bakkers J. Spatially resolved RNA-sequencing of the embryonic heart identifies a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in autonomic control of heart rate. eLife 2018; 7:31515. [PMID: 29400650 PMCID: PMC5815850 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of specialized cells and structures in the heart is regulated by spatially -restricted molecular pathways. Disruptions in these pathways can cause severe congenital cardiac malformations or functional defects. To better understand these pathways and how they regulate cardiac development we used tomo-seq, combining high-throughput RNA-sequencing with tissue-sectioning, to establish a genome-wide expression dataset with high spatial resolution for the developing zebrafish heart. Analysis of the dataset revealed over 1100 genes differentially expressed in sub-compartments. Pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial region induce heart contractions, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their development. Using our transcriptome map, we identified spatially restricted Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in pacemaker cells, which was controlled by Islet-1 activity. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls heart rate by regulating pacemaker cellular response to parasympathetic stimuli. Thus, this high-resolution transcriptome map incorporating all cell types in the embryonic heart can expose spatially restricted molecular pathways critical for specific cardiac functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silja Barbara Burkhard
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, Utrecht, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, Utrecht, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Abstract
During the past decades, stem cell-based therapy has acquired a promising role in regenerative medicine. The application of novel cell therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases could potentially achieve the ambitious aim of effective cardiac regeneration. Despite the highly positive results from preclinical studies, data from phase I/II clinical trials are inconsistent and the improvement of cardiac remodeling and heart performance was found to be quite limited. The major issues which cardiac stem cell therapy is facing include inefficient cell delivery to the site of injury, accompanied by low cell retention and weak effectiveness of remaining stem cells in tissue regeneration. According to preclinical and clinical studies, various stem cells (adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells) represent the most promising cell types so far. Beside the selection of the appropriate cell type, researchers have developed several strategies to produce “second-generation” stem cell products with improved regenerative capacity. Genetic and nongenetic modifications, chemical and physical preconditioning, and the application of biomaterials were found to significantly enhance the regenerative capacity of transplanted stem cells. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent developments in stem cell engineering with the goal to facilitate stem cell delivery and to promote their cardiac regenerative activity.
Collapse
|
208
|
Musunuru K, Sheikh F, Gupta RM, Houser SR, Maher KO, Milan DJ, Terzic A, Wu JC. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling and Precision Medicine: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e000043. [PMID: 29874173 PMCID: PMC6708586 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unprece-dented opportunity to study human physiology and disease at the cellular level. They also have the potential to be leveraged in the practice of precision medicine, for example, personalized drug testing. This statement comprehensively describes the provenance of iPSC lines, their use for cardiovascular disease modeling, their use for precision medicine, and strategies through which to promote their wider use for biomedical applications. Human iPSCs exhibit properties that render them uniquely qualified as model systems for studying human diseases: they are of human origin, which means they carry human genomes; they are pluripotent, which means that in principle, they can be differentiated into any of the human body's somatic cell types; and they are stem cells, which means they can be expanded from a single cell into millions or even billions of cell progeny. iPSCs offer the opportunity to study cells that are genetically matched to individual patients, and genome-editing tools allow introduction or correction of genetic variants. Initial progress has been made in using iPSCs to better understand cardiomyopathies, rhythm disorders, valvular and vascular disorders, and metabolic risk factors for ischemic heart disease. This promising work is still in its infancy. Similarly, iPSCs are only just starting to be used to identify the optimal medications to be used in patients from whom the cells were derived. This statement is intended to (1) summarize the state of the science with respect to the use of iPSCs for modeling of cardiovascular traits and disorders and for therapeutic screening; (2) identify opportunities and challenges in the use of iPSCs for disease modeling and precision medicine; and (3) outline strategies that will facilitate the use of iPSCs for biomedical applications. This statement is not intended to address the use of stem cells as regenerative therapy, such as transplantation into the body to treat ischemic heart disease or heart failure.
Collapse
|
209
|
Park M, Yoon YS. Cardiac Regeneration with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:974-988. [PMID: 30334384 PMCID: PMC6196153 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are collectively called pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), have emerged as a promising source for regenerative medicine. Particularly, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have shown robust potential for regenerating injured heart. Over the past two decades, protocols to differentiate hPSCs into CMs at high efficiency have been developed, opening the door for clinical application. Studies further demonstrated therapeutic effects of hPSC-CMs in small and large animal models and the underlying mechanisms of cardiac repair. However, gaps remain in explanations of the therapeutic effects of engrafted hPSC-CMs. In addition, bioengineering technologies improved survival and therapeutic effects of hPSC-CMs in vivo. While most of the original concerns associated with the use of hPSCs have been addressed, several issues remain to be resolved such as immaturity of transplanted cells, lack of electrical integration leading to arrhythmogenic risk, and tumorigenicity. Cell therapy with hPSC-CMs has shown great potential for biological therapy of injured heart; however, more studies are needed to ensure the therapeutic effects, underlying mechanisms, and safety, before this technology can be applied clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misun Park
- Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sup Yoon
- Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Hatani T, Miki K, Yoshida Y. Induction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes Using Embryoid Bodies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1816:79-92. [PMID: 29987812 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8597-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific cell lineages differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising sources for cell replacement therapy and are useful biomedical research tools for research on disease mechanisms and drug discovery. Among the different lineages, cardiac lineage has been one of the most efficiently differentiated through several established protocols. In this chapter, we describe our reproducible and highly efficient methodology for differentiating iPSCs into cardiomyocytes using embryoid bodies. We also describe methods to dissociate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and to evaluate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Miki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Brown K, Legros S, Ortega FA, Dai Y, Doss MX, Christini DJ, Robinson RB, Foley AC. Overexpression of Map3k7 activates sinoatrial node-like differentiation in mouse ES-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189818. [PMID: 29281682 PMCID: PMC5744947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo, cardiomyocytes comprise a heterogeneous population of contractile cells defined by unique electrophysiologies, molecular markers and morphologies. The mechanisms directing myocardial cells to specific sub-lineages remain poorly understood. Here we report that overexpression of TGFβ-Activated Kinase (TAK1/Map3k7) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells faithfully directs myocardial differentiation of embryoid body (EB)-derived cardiac cells toward the sinoatrial node (SAN) lineage. Most cardiac cells in Map3k7-overexpressing EBs adopt markers, cellular morphologies, and electrophysiological behaviors characteristic of the SAN. These data, in addition to the fact that Map3k7 is upregulated in the sinus venous—the source of cells for the SAN—suggest that Map3k7 may be an endogenous regulator of the SAN fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemar Brown
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Legros
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Francis A. Ortega
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yunkai Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Michael Xavier Doss
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Christini
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ann C. Foley
- Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Yamauchi K, Li J, Morikawa K, Liu L, Shirayoshi Y, Nakatsuji N, Elliott DA, Hisatome I, Suemori H. Isolation and characterization of ventricular-like cells derived from NKX2-5 eGFP/w and MLC2v mCherry/w double knock-in human pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1278-1284. [PMID: 29175323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a promising source for cell transplantation into the damaged heart, which has limited regenerative ability. Many methods have been developed to obtain large amounts of functional CMs from hPSCs for therapeutic applications. However, during the differentiation process, a mixed population of various cardiac cells, including ventricular, atrial, and pacemaker cells, is generated, which hampers the proper functional analysis and evaluation of cell properties. Here, we established NKX2-5eGFP/w and MLC2vmCherry/w hPSC double knock-ins that allow for labeling, tracing, purification, and analysis of the development of ventricular cells from early to late stages. As with the endogenous transcriptional activities of these genes, MLC2v-mCherry expression following NKX2-5-eGFP expression was observed under previously established culture conditions, which mimic the in vivo cardiac developmental process. Patch-clamp and microelectrode array electrophysiological analyses showed that the NKX2-5 and MLC2v double-positive cells possess ventricular-like properties. The results demonstrate that the NKX2-5eGFP/w and MLC2vmCherry/w hPSCs provide a powerful model system to capture region-specific cardiac differentiation from early to late stages. Our study would facilitate subtype-specific cardiac development and functional analysis using the hPSC-derived sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The RoyalChildren's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Vestergaard ML, Grubb S, Koefoed K, Anderson-Jenkins Z, Grunnet-Lauridsen K, Calloe K, Clausen C, Christensen ST, Møllgård K, Andersen CY. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Self-Arrange with Areas of Different Subtypes During Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1566-1577. [PMID: 28795648 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivation of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represents a unique way of studying human cardiogenesis, including the development of CM subtypes. In this study, we investigated the development and organization of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and examined how the expression levels of CM subtypes correspond to human in vivo cardiogenesis. Beating clusters were used to determine cardiac differentiation, which was evaluated by the expression of cardiac genes GATA4 and TNNT2 and subcellular localization of GATA4 and NKX2.5. Sharp electrode recordings to determine action potentials (APs) further revealed spatial organization of intracluster CM subtypes (ie, complex clusters). Nodal-, atrial-, and ventricular-like AP morphologies were detected within distinct regions of complex clusters. The ability of different CM subtypes to self-organize was documented by immunohistochemical analyses and a differential spatial expression of β-III tubulin, myosin light chain 2v (MLC-2V), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, all hESC-CM subtypes formed expressed primary cilia, which are known to coordinate cellular signaling pathways during cardiomyogenesis and heart development. This study expands the foundation for studying regulatory pathways for spatial and temporal CM differentiation during human cardiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maj Linea Vestergaard
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Grubb
- 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Koefoed
- 3 Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zoe Anderson-Jenkins
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Grunnet-Lauridsen
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Calloe
- 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kjeld Møllgård
- 3 Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- 1 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Schweizer PA, Darche FF, Ullrich ND, Geschwill P, Greber B, Rivinius R, Seyler C, Müller-Decker K, Draguhn A, Utikal J, Koenen M, Katus HA, Thomas D. Subtype-specific differentiation of cardiac pacemaker cell clusters from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:229. [PMID: 29037217 PMCID: PMC5644063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) harbor the potential to differentiate into diverse cardiac cell types. Previous experimental efforts were primarily directed at the generation of hiPSC-derived cells with ventricular cardiomyocyte characteristics. Aiming at a straightforward approach for pacemaker cell modeling and replacement, we sought to selectively differentiate cells with nodal-type properties. Methods hiPSC were differentiated into spontaneously beating clusters by co-culturing with visceral endoderm-like cells in a serum-free medium. Subsequent culturing in a specified fetal bovine serum (FBS)-enriched cell medium produced a pacemaker-type phenotype that was studied in detail using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology. Further investigations comprised pharmacological stimulations and co-culturing with neonatal cardiomyocytes. Results hiPSC co-cultured in a serum-free medium with the visceral endoderm-like cell line END-2 produced spontaneously beating clusters after 10–12 days of culture. The pacemaker-specific genes HCN4, TBX3, and TBX18 were abundantly expressed at this early developmental stage, while levels of sarcomeric gene products remained low. We observed that working-type cardiomyogenic differentiation can be suppressed by transfer of early clusters into a FBS-enriched cell medium immediately after beating onset. After 6 weeks under these conditions, sinoatrial node (SAN) hallmark genes remained at high levels, while working-type myocardial transcripts (NKX2.5, TBX5) were low. Clusters were characterized by regular activity and robust beating rates (70–90 beats/min) and were triggered by spontaneous Ca2+ transients recapitulating calcium clock properties of genuine pacemaker cells. They were responsive to adrenergic/cholinergic stimulation and able to pace neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in co-culture experiments. Action potential (AP) measurements of cells individualized from clusters exhibited nodal-type (63.4%) and atrial-type (36.6%) AP morphologies, while ventricular AP configurations were not observed. Conclusion We provide a novel culture media-based, transgene-free approach for targeted generation of hiPSC-derived pacemaker-type cells that grow in clusters and offer the potential for disease modeling, drug testing, and individualized cell-based replacement therapy of the SAN. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0681-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabrice F Darche
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina D Ullrich
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, INF 326, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Geschwill
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Heidelberg University, INF 326, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse, 20, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rasmus Rivinius
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Seyler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- Unit Tumor Models, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, INF 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Heidelberg University, INF 326, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Dermato-Oncology (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, INF 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
Collapse
|
216
|
Giacomelli E, Mummery CL, Bellin M. Human heart disease: lessons from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3711-3739. [PMID: 28573431 PMCID: PMC5597692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Technical advances in generating and phenotyping cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) are now driving their wider acceptance as in vitro models to understand human heart disease and discover therapeutic targets that may lead to new compounds for clinical use. Current literature clearly shows that hPSC-CMs recapitulate many molecular, cellular, and functional aspects of human heart pathophysiology and their responses to cardioactive drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of hPSC-CMs models that have been described to date and highlight their most recent and remarkable contributions to research on cardiovascular diseases and disorders with cardiac traits. We conclude discussing immediate challenges, limitations, and emerging solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Building Zuidhorst, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Abstract
Engineering functional cardiac tissues remains an ongoing significant challenge due to the complexity of the native environment. However, our growing understanding of key parameters of the in vivo cardiac microenvironment and our ability to replicate those parameters in vitro are resulting in the development of increasingly sophisticated models of engineered cardiac tissues (ECT). This review examines some of the most relevant parameters that may be applied in culture leading to higher fidelity cardiac tissue models. These include the biochemical composition of culture media and cardiac lineage specification, co-culture conditions, electrical and mechanical stimulation, and the application of hydrogels, various biomaterials, and scaffolds. The review will also summarize some of the recent functional human tissue models that have been developed for in vivo and in vitro applications. Ultimately, the creation of sophisticated ECT that replicate native structure and function will be instrumental in advancing cell-based therapeutics and in providing advanced models for drug discovery and testing.
Collapse
|
218
|
Amini H, Rezaie J, Vosoughi A, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Cardiac progenitor cells application in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:127-132. [PMID: 29118944 PMCID: PMC5670333 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have special potency to differentiate into different types of cells, especially cardiomyocytes. In order to demonstrate the therapeutic applications of these cells, various investigations are recently being developed. Cardiac progenitor cells are endogenous cardiac SCs that found to express tyrosine kinase receptors, c-Kit and other stemness features in adult heart, contributing to the regeneration of cardiac tissue after injury. This lineage is able to efficiently trans-differentiate into different cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Noticeably, several cardiac progenitor cells have been identified until yet. The therapeutic applications of cardiac SCs have been studied previously, which could introduce a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cardiac disorders. The current review enlightens the potency of cardiac progenitor cells features and differentiation capacity, with current applications in cardiovascular field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Vosoughi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Jang J. 3D Bioprinting and In Vitro Cardiovascular Tissue Modeling. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E71. [PMID: 28952550 PMCID: PMC5615317 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous microfabrication approaches have been developed to recapitulate morphologically and functionally organized tissue microarchitectures in vitro; however, the technical and operational limitations remain to be overcome. 3D printing technology facilitates the building of a construct containing biomaterials and cells in desired organizations and shapes that have physiologically relevant geometry, complexity, and micro-environmental cues. The selection of biomaterials for 3D printing is considered one of the most critical factors to achieve tissue function. It has been reported that some printable biomaterials, having extracellular matrix-like intrinsic microenvironment factors, were capable of regulating stem cell fate and phenotype. In particular, this technology can control the spatial positions of cells, and provide topological, chemical, and complex cues, allowing neovascularization and maturation in the engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review will delineate the state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting techniques in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering and their applications in translational medicine. In addition, this review will describe 3D printing-based pre-vascularization technologies correlated with implementing blood perfusion throughout the engineered tissue equivalent. The described engineering method may offer a unique approach that results in the physiological mimicry of human cardiovascular tissues to aid in drug development and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Kyungbuk, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Abstract
To curb the high cost of drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more predictive tissue models using human cells to determine drug efficacy and safety in advance of clinical testing. Recent insights gained through fundamental biological studies have validated the importance of dynamic cell environments and cellular communication to the expression of high fidelity organ function. Building on this knowledge, emerging organ-on-a-chip technology is poised to fill the gaps in drug screening by offering predictive human tissue models with methods of sophisticated tissue assembly. Organ-on-a-chip start-ups have begun to spawn from academic research to fill this commercial space and are attracting investment to transform the drug discovery industry. This review traces the history, examines the scientific foundation and envisages the prospect of these renowned organ-on-a-chip technologies. It serves as a guide for new members of this dynamic field to navigate the existing scientific and market space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Abstract
Because the heart is a poorly regenerative organ, there has been considerable interest in developing novel cell-based approaches to restore lost contractile function after myocardial infarction (MI). While a wide variety of candidate cell types have been tested in animal MI models, the vast majority of clinical trials have used adult stem cell types, usually derived from bone marrow. These studies have generally yielded disappointing results, an outcome that may reflect in part the limited cardiogenic potential of the adult stem cell sources employed. Post-MI heart failure is ultimately a disease of cardiomyocyte deficiency, so better outcomes may be possible with more cardiogenic approaches that may 'remuscularize' the infarct scar with new, electrically-integrated myocardium. In this review, we summarize work in the field to 'program' exogenous or endogenous cells into such a cardiogenic state, as well as efforts to test their capacity to mediate true heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Romagnuolo
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- Toronto General Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yoshida
- From the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan (Y.Y., S.Y.); and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA (S.Y.)
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- From the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan (Y.Y., S.Y.); and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Skelton RJP, Kamp TJ, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. Biomarkers of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Lineages. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:651-668. [PMID: 28576602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a practical source for the de novo generation of cardiac tissues and a unique opportunity to investigate cardiovascular lineage commitment. Numerous strategies have focused on the in vitro production of cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelium from hPSCs. However, these differentiation protocols often yield undesired cell types. Thus, establishing a set of stage-specific markers for pure cardiac subpopulations will assist in defining the hierarchy of cardiac differentiation, aid in the development of cellular therapy, and facilitate drug screening and disease modeling. The recent characterization of many such markers is enabling the isolation of major cardiac lineages and subpopulations from differentiating hPSCs. We provide here a comprehensive review detailing the suite of biomarkers used to differentiate cardiac lineages from mixed hPSC-derived populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Bao X, Bhute VJ, Han T, Qian T, Lian X, Palecek SP. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardial progenitors can differentiate to endocardial-like endothelial cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:191-201. [PMID: 29170757 PMCID: PMC5675097 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During heart development, epicardial progenitors contribute various cardiac lineages including smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. However, their specific contribution to the human endothelium has not yet been resolved, at least in part due to the inability to expand and maintain human primary or pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived epicardial cells. Here we first generated CDH5‐2A‐eGFP knock‐in hPSC lines and differentiated them into self‐renewing WT1+ epicardial cells, which gave rise to endothelial cells upon VEGF treatment in vitro. In addition, we found that the percentage of endothelial cells correlated with WT1 expression in a WT1‐2A‐eGFP reporter line. The resulting endothelial cells displayed many endocardium‐like endothelial cell properties, including high expression levels of endocardial‐specific markers, nutrient transporters and well‐organized tight junctions. These findings suggest that human epicardial progenitors may have the capacity to form endocardial endothelium during development and have implications for heart regeneration and cardiac tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Bao
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 53706, USA
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 53706, USA
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 53706, USA
| | - Tongcheng Qian
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 53706, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lian
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Ban K, Bae S, Yoon YS. Current Strategies and Challenges for Purification of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Theranostics 2017. [PMID: 28638487 PMCID: PMC5479288 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are considered a most promising option for cell-based cardiac repair. Hence, various protocols have been developed for differentiating hPSCs into CMs. Despite remarkable improvement in the generation of hPSC-CMs, without purification, these protocols can only generate mixed cell populations including undifferentiated hPSCs or non-CMs, which may elicit adverse outcomes. Therefore, one of the major challenges for clinical use of hPSC-CMs is the development of efficient isolation techniques that allow enrichment of hPSC-CMs. In this review, we will discuss diverse strategies that have been developed to enrich hPSC-CMs. We will describe major characteristics of individual hPSC-CM purification methods including their scientific principles, advantages, limitations, and needed improvements. Development of a comprehensive system which can enrich hPSC-CMs will be ultimately useful for cell therapy for diseased hearts, human cardiac disease modeling, cardiac toxicity screening, and cardiac tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
227
|
Liang W, Lu A, Davis DR. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Treatment of Acquired Heart Block: The Battle for Tomorrow Has Begun! Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:e005331. [PMID: 28500180 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liang
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (W.L., A.L., D.R.D.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (A.L.)
| | - Aizhu Lu
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (W.L., A.L., D.R.D.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (A.L.)
| | - Darryl R Davis
- From the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (W.L., A.L., D.R.D.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (A.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of current trends in stem cell research and its applications in cardiovascular medicine. Researches on different stem cell sources, their inherent characteristics, and the limitations they have in medical applications are discussed. Additionally, uses of stem cells for both modeling and treating cardiovascular disease are discussed, taking note of the obstacles these engineered interventions must overcome to be clinically viable. RECENT FINDINGS Tissue engineering aims to replace dysfunctional tissues with engineered constructs. Stem cell technologies have been a great enabling factor in working toward this goal. Many tissue-engineered products are in development that utilize stem cell technology. Although promising, some refinement must be made to these constructs with respect to safety and functionality. A deeper understanding of basic differentiation and tissue developmental mechanisms is required to allow these engineered tissues to be translated into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Anderson
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Molecular Cell Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nicole Boardman
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Ste 773A, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ichimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shinshu University
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
| |
Collapse
|