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Xia T, Yang Y, Zheng H, Han X, Jin H, Xiong Z, Qian W, Xia L, Ji X, Li G, Wang D, Zhang K. Efficient expression and function of a receptor-like kinase in wheat powdery mildew defence require an intron-located MYB binding site. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:897-909. [PMID: 33225586 PMCID: PMC8131041 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The LRK10-like receptor kinases (LRK10L-RLKs) are ubiquitously present in higher plants, but knowledge of their expression and function is still limited. Here, we report expression and functional analysis of TtdLRK10L-1, a typical LRK10L-RLK in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum). The introns of TtdLRK10L-1 contained multiple kinds of predicted cis-elements. To investigate the potential effect of these cis-elements on TtdLRK10L-1 expression and function, two types of transgenic wheat lines were prepared, which expressed a GFP-tagged TtdLRK10L-1 protein (TtdLRK10L-1:GFP) from the cDNA or genomic DNA (gDNA) sequence of TtdLRK10L-1 under the native promoter. TtdLRK10L-1:GFP expression was up-regulated by the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in both types of transgenic plants, with the scale of the elevation being much stronger in the gDNA lines. Both types of transgenic plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Bgt infection relative to wild type control. Notably, the Bgt defence activated in the gDNA lines was significantly stronger than that in the cDNA lines. Further analysis revealed that a putative MYB transcription factor binding site (MYB-BS, CAGTTA) located in TtdLRK10L-1 intron I was critical for the efficient expression and function of TtdLRK10L-1 in Bgt defence. This MYB-BS could also increase the activity of a superpromoter widely used in ectopic gene expression studies in plants. Together, our results deepen the understanding of the expression and functional characteristics of LRK10L-RLKs. TtdLRK10L-1 is likely useful for further dissecting the molecular processes underlying wheat defence against Bgt and for developing Bgt resistant wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xia
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huaibing Jin
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zijun Xiong
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Weiqiang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lanqi Xia
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guangwei Li
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Daowen Wang
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- College of AgronomyState Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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202
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Quan W, Zhang X, Feng J, Ren J, Jiang X, Zhang Z. Mapping of a QTL with major effect on reducing leaf rust severity at the adult plant growth stage on chromosome 2BL in wheat landrace Hongmazha. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1363-1376. [PMID: 33550471 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A major QTL (QLr.cau-2BL) for APR to leaf rust was detected on 2BL; an SSR marker was developed to closely link with QLr.cau-2BL and validated for effectiveness of MAS. The wheat landrace Hongmazha (HMZ) possesses adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust. To detect and validate quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the APR, four wheat populations were assessed for leaf rust severity in a total of eight field and greenhouse experiments. The mapping population Aquileja × HMZ (120 recombinant inbred lines, RILs) was genotyped using 90 K SNP markers. A major QTL (QLr.cau-2BL) was detected between the markers IWB3854 and IWB21922 on chromosome 2BL. IWB3854 and IWB21922 were positioned at approximately 531.14 Mb and 616.48 Mb, respectively, on 2BL of IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 physical map. Based on the sequences between 531.14 and 616.48 Mb on 2BL of IWGSC RefSeq v1.0, 415 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed. These markers and 28 previously published SSR makers were screened; the resulted polymorphic markers were used to genotype the relatively larger population RL6058 × HMZ (371 RILs). QLr.cau-2BL was mapped within a 1.5 cM interval on 2BL map of RL6058 × HMZ, and a marker (Ta2BL_ssr7) was identified to closely link with QLr.cau-2BL. Effectiveness of selection for QLr.cau-2BL based on Ta2BL_ssr7 was validated using two populations (RL6058 × HMZ F2:3 and Jimai22 × HMZ BC4F2:3). In addition, polymorphism at Ta2BL_ssr7 was detected among a panel of 282 commercial wheat cultivars. We believe, therefore, that Ta2BL_ssr7 should be useful for introducing QLr.cau-2BL into commercial wheat cultivars and for accumulating QLr.cau-2BL with other APR QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Quan
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Fisheries Technology Extension Center, Beijing, 100125, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Junda Ren
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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203
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Távora FTPK, Bevitori R, Mello RN, Cintra MMDF, Oliveira-Neto OB, Fontes W, Castro MS, Sousa MV, Franco OL, Mehta A. Shotgun proteomics coupled to transient-inducible gene silencing reveal rice susceptibility genes as new sources for blast disease resistance. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104223. [PMID: 33845181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A comparative proteomic analysis between two near-isogenic rice lines, displaying a resistant and susceptible phenotype upon infection with Magnaporthe oryzae was performed. We identified and validated factors associated with rice disease susceptibility, representing a flourishing source toward a more resolute rice-blast resistance. Proteome profiles were remarkably different during early infection (12 h post-inoculation), revealing several proteins with increased abundance in the compatible interaction. Potential players of rice susceptibility were selected and gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Gene Ontology analysis disclosed susceptibility gene-encoded proteins claimed to be involved in fungus sustenance and suppression of plant immunity, such as sucrose synthase 4-like, serpin-ZXA-like, nudix hydrolase15, and DjA2 chaperone protein. Two other candidate genes, picked from a previous transcriptome study, were added into our downstream analysis including pyrabactin resistant-like 5 (OsPYL5), and rice ethylene-responsive factor 104 (OsERF104). Further, we validated their role in susceptibility by Transient-Induced Gene Silencing (TIGS) using short antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides that resulted in a remarkable reduction of foliar disease symptoms in the compatible interaction. Therefore, we successfully employed shotgun proteomics and antisense-based gene silencing to prospect and functionally validate rice potential susceptibility factors, which could be further explored to build rice-blast resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: R gene-mediated disease resistance is race-specific and often not durable in the field. More recently, advancements in new breeding techniques (NBTs) have made plant disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) a new target to build a broad spectrum and more durable resistance, hence an alternative source to R-genes in breeding programs. We successfully coupled shotgun proteomics and gene silencing tools to prospect and validate new rice-bast susceptibility genes that can be further exploited toward a more resolute blast disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel N Mello
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech/Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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204
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Liu S, Zhang X, Xiao S, Ma J, Shi W, Qin T, Xi H, Nie X, You C, Xu Z, Wang T, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Kong J, Aierxi A, Yu Y, Lindsey K, Klosterman SJ, Zhang X, Zhu L. A Single-Nucleotide Mutation in a GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE Gene Confers Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Gossypium hirsutum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002723. [PMID: 33854882 PMCID: PMC8025038 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt (FW) disease of cotton, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), causes severe losses in cotton production worldwide. Though significant advancements have been made in development of FW-resistant Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in resistance screening programs, the precise resistance genes and the corresponding molecular mechanisms for resistance to Fov remain unclear. Herein it is reported that Fov7, a gene unlike canonical plant disease-resistance (R) genes, putatively encoding a GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) protein, confers resistance to Fov race 7 in Upland cotton. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C/A) in GhGLR4.8, resulting in an amino acid change (L/I), is associated with Fov resistance. A PCR-based DNA marker (GhGLR4.8SNP(A/C) ) is developed and shown to cosegregate with the Fov resistance. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Fov7 results in cotton lines extremely susceptible to Fov race 7 with a loss of the ability to induce calcium influx in response to total secreted proteins (SEPs) of Fov. Furthermore, coinfiltration of SEPs with GhGLR4.8A results in a hypersensitive response. This first report of a GLR-encoding gene that functions as an R gene provides a new insight into plant-pathogen interactions and a new handle to develop cotton cultivars with resistance to Fov race 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Jun Ma
- Economic Crop Research InstituteXinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceÜrümqiXinjiang830091China
| | - Weijun Shi
- Economic Crop Research InstituteXinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceÜrümqiXinjiang830091China
| | - Tao Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang BingtuanAgricultural CollegeShihezi UniversityShiheziXinjiang832000China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agricultural of Xinjiang BingtuanAgricultural CollegeShihezi UniversityShiheziXinjiang832000China
| | - Chunyuan You
- Cotton Research InstituteShihezi Academy of Agriculture ScienceShiheziXinjiang832000China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Yujing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Zhennan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Jianying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Jie Kong
- Economic Crop Research InstituteXinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceÜrümqiXinjiang830091China
| | - Alifu Aierxi
- Economic Crop Research InstituteXinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceÜrümqiXinjiang830091China
| | - Yu Yu
- Cotton Research InstituteXinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation ScienceShiheziXinjiang832000China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | | | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
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205
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Prior MJ, Selvanayagam J, Kim JG, Tomar M, Jonikas M, Mudgett MB, Smeekens S, Hanson J, Frommer WB. Arabidopsis bZIP11 Is a Susceptibility Factor During Pseudomonas syringae Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:439-447. [PMID: 33400562 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0310-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The induction of plant nutrient secretion systems is critical for successful pathogen infection. Some bacterial pathogens (e.g., Xanthomonas spp.) use transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors to induce transcription of SWEET sucrose efflux transporters. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 lacks TAL effectors yet is able to induce multiple SWEETs in Arabidopsis thaliana by unknown mechanisms. Because bacteria require other nutrients in addition to sugars for efficient reproduction, we hypothesized that Pseudomonas spp. may depend on host transcription factors involved in secretory programs to increase access to essential nutrients. Bioinformatic analyses identified the Arabidopsis basic-leucine zipper transcription factor bZIP11 as a potential regulator of nutrient transporters, including SWEETs and UmamiT amino acid transporters. Inducible downregulation of bZIP11 expression in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced growth of P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000, whereas inducible overexpression of bZIP11 resulted in increased bacterial growth, supporting the hypothesis that bZIP11-regulated transcription programs are essential for maximal pathogen titer in leaves. Our data are consistent with a model in which a pathogen alters host transcription factor expression upstream of secretory transcription networks to promote nutrient efflux from host cells.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Prior
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
| | - Jebasingh Selvanayagam
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jung-Gun Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
| | - Monika Tomar
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jonikas
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Mary Beth Mudgett
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
| | - Sjef Smeekens
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Hanson
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A
- Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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206
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Devanna BN, Jaswal R, Singh PK, Kapoor R, Jain P, Kumar G, Sharma Y, Samantaray S, Sharma TR. Role of transporters in plant disease resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:849-867. [PMID: 33639002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome-wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease-resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Tilak R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Division of Crop Science, New Delhi, India
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207
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Lyzenga WJ, Pozniak CJ, Kagale S. Advanced domestication: harnessing the precision of gene editing in crop breeding. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:660-670. [PMID: 33657682 PMCID: PMC8051614 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human population growth has increased the demand for food crops, animal feed, biofuel and biomaterials, all the while climate change is impacting environmental growth conditions. There is an urgent need to develop crop varieties which tolerate adverse growth conditions while requiring fewer inputs. Plant breeding is critical to global food security and, while it has benefited from modern technologies, it remains constrained by a lack of valuable genetic diversity, linkage drag, and an effective way to combine multiple favourable alleles for complex traits. CRISPR/Cas technology has transformed genome editing across biological systems and promises to transform agriculture with its high precision, ease of design, multiplexing ability and low cost. We discuss the integration of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing into crop breeding to advance domestication and refine inbred crop varieties for various applications and growth environments. We highlight the use of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing to fix desirable allelic variants, generate novel alleles, break deleterious genetic linkages, support pre-breeding and for introgression of favourable loci into elite lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J. Lyzenga
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | | | - Sateesh Kagale
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
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208
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Desiderio F, Bourras S, Mazzucotelli E, Rubiales D, Keller B, Cattivelli L, Valè G. Characterization of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust Carried by the Bread Wheat Cultivar Victo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063109. [PMID: 33803699 PMCID: PMC8003046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust and powdery mildew are two important foliar diseases in wheat. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, obtained by crossing two bread wheat cultivars (‘Victo’ and ‘Spada’), was evaluated for resistance to the two pathogens at seedling stage. Upon developing a genetic map of 8726 SNP loci, linkage analysis identified three resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), with ‘Victo’ contributing the resistant alleles to all loci. One major QTL (QPm.gb-7A) was detected in response to Blumeria graminis on chromosome 7A, which explained 90% of phenotypic variation (PV). The co-positional relationship with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistance loci suggested that a new source of resistance was identified in T. aestivum. Two QTLs were detected in response to Puccinia triticina: a major gene on chromosome 5D (QLr.gb-5D), explaining a total PV of about 59%, and a minor QTL on chromosome 2B (QLr.gb-2B). A positional relationship was observed between the QLr.gb-5D with the known Lr1 gene, but polymorphisms were found between the cloned Lr1 and the corresponding ‘Victo’ allele, suggesting that QLr.gb-5D could represent a new functional Lr1 allele. Lastly, upon anchoring the QTL on the T. aestivum reference genome, candidate genes were hypothesized on the basis of gene annotation and in silico gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Desiderio
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-983758
| | - Salim Bourras
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (B.K.)
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Mazzucotelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Diego Rubiales
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy; (E.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Giampiero Valè
- DiSIT—Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
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209
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Kumar S, Bhardwaj SC, Gangwar OP, Sharma A, Qureshi N, Kumaran VV, Khan H, Prasad P, Miah H, Singh GP, Sharma K, Verma H, Forrest KL, Trethowan RM, Bariana HS, Bansal UK. Lr80: A new and widely effective source of leaf rust resistance of wheat for enhancing diversity of resistance among modern cultivars. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:849-858. [PMID: 33388887 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new leaf rust resistance gene Lr80 was identified and closely linked markers were developed for its successful pyramiding with other marker-tagged genes to achieve durable control of leaf rust. Common wheat landrace Hango-2, collected in 2006 from the Himalayan area of Hango, District Kinnaur, in Himachal Pradesh, exhibited a very low infection type (IT;) at the seedling stage to all Indian Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotypes, except the pathotype 5R9-7 which produced IT 3+. Genetic analysis based on Agra Local/Hango-2-derived F3 families indicated monogenic control of leaf rust resistance, and the underlying locus was temporarily named LrH2. Bulked segregant analysis using 303 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located LrH2 in the short arm of chromosome 2D. An additional set of 10 chromosome 2DS-specific markers showed polymorphism between the parents and these were mapped on the entire Agra Local/Hango-2 F3 population. LrH2 was flanked by markers cau96 (distally) and barc124 (proximally). The 90 K Infinium SNP array was used to identify SNP markers linked with LrH2. Markers KASP_17425 and KASP_17148 showed association with LrH2. Comparison of seedling leaf rust response data and marker locations across different maps demonstrated the uniqueness of LrH2 and it was formally named Lr80. The Lr80-linked markers KASP_17425, KASP_17148 and barc124 amplified alleles/products different to Hango-2 in 82 Australian cultivars indicating their robustness for marker-assisted selection of this gene in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India.
| | - Om P Gangwar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Naeela Qureshi
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Vikas V Kumaran
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station, Wellington, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643231, India
| | - Hanif Khan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Hanif Miah
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Gyanendra P Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Kiran Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Hemlata Verma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 002, India
| | - Kerrie L Forrest
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Rd, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Richard M Trethowan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Harbans S Bariana
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| | - Urmil K Bansal
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, Sydney, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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210
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Hewitt T, Müller MC, Molnár I, Mascher M, Holušová K, Šimková H, Kunz L, Zhang J, Li J, Bhatt D, Sharma R, Schudel S, Yu G, Steuernagel B, Periyannan S, Wulff B, Ayliffe M, McIntosh R, Keller B, Lagudah E, Zhang P. A highly differentiated region of wheat chromosome 7AL encodes a Pm1a immune receptor that recognizes its corresponding AvrPm1a effector from Blumeria graminis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2812-2826. [PMID: 33176001 PMCID: PMC8022591 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pm1a, the first powdery mildew resistance gene described in wheat, is part of a complex resistance (R) gene cluster located in a distal region of chromosome 7AL that has suppressed genetic recombination. A nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor gene was isolated using mutagenesis and R gene enrichment sequencing (MutRenSeq). Stable transformation confirmed Pm1a identity which induced a strong resistance phenotype in transgenic plants upon challenge with avirulent Blumeria graminis (wheat powdery mildew) pathogens. A high-density genetic map of a B. graminis family segregating for Pm1a avirulence combined with pathogen genome resequencing and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) identified AvrPm1a effector gene candidates. In planta expression identified an effector, with an N terminal Y/FxC motif, that induced a strong hypersensitive response when co-expressed with Pm1a in Nicotiana benthamiana. Single chromosome enrichment sequencing (ChromSeq) and assembly of chromosome 7A suggested that suppressed recombination around the Pm1a region was due to a rearrangement involving chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. The cloning of Pm1a and its identification in a highly rearranged region of chromosome 7A provides insight into the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of this complex resistance cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hewitt
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Marion C. Müller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - István Molnár
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mascher
- OT GaterslebenLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant ResearchCorrensstr. 3Stadt SeelandD‐06466Germany
| | - Kateřina Holušová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šimková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 31Olomouc779 00Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jianbo Li
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Raghvendra Sharma
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Seraina Schudel
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | | | - Mick Ayliffe
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Robert McIntosh
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zürich8008Switzerland
| | - Evans Lagudah
- Agriculture & FoodCommonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research OrganizationGPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteUniversity of Sydney107 Cobbitty RoadCobbittyNSW2570Australia
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211
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Henningsen E, Sallam AH, Matny O, Szinyei T, Figueroa M, Steffenson BJ. Rpg7: A New Gene for Stem Rust Resistance from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:548-558. [PMID: 32880513 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0325-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stem rust (causal organism: Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is an important fungal disease that causes significant yield losses in barley. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective means of controlling this disease. Stem rust evaluations of a diverse collection of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) identified two Jordanian accessions (WBDC094 and WBDC238) with resistance to a virulent pathotype (P. graminis f. sp. tritici HKHJC) from the United States. To elucidate the genetics of stem rust resistance, both accessions were crossed to the susceptible landrace Hiproly. Segregation ratios of F2 and F3 progeny indicated that a single dominant gene confers resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici HKHJC. Molecular mapping of the resistance locus was performed in the Hiproly/WBDC238 F2 population based on 3,329 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. Quantitative trait locus analysis positioned the resistance gene to the long arm of chromosome 3H between the physical/genetic positions of 683.8 Mbp/172.9 cM and 693.7 Mbp/176.0 cM. Because this resistance gene is novel, it was assigned the new gene locus symbol of Rpg7 with a corresponding allele symbol of Rpg7.i. At the seedling stage, Rpg7 confers resistance against a number of other important P. graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes from the United States (MCCFC, QCCJB, and TTTTF) and Africa (TTKSK) as well as an isolate (92-MN-90) of the rye stem rust pathogen (P. graminis f. sp. secalis) from Minnesota. The resistance conferred by Rpg7 can be readily transferred into breeding programs because of its simple inheritance and clear phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henningsen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Ahmad H Sallam
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Tamas Szinyei
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
- Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
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212
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Hatta MAM, Arora S, Ghosh S, Matny O, Smedley MA, Yu G, Chakraborty S, Bhatt D, Xia X, Steuernagel B, Richardson T, Mago R, Lagudah ES, Patron NJ, Ayliffe M, Rouse MN, Harwood WA, Periyannan S, Steffenson BJ, Wulff BB. The wheat Sr22, Sr33, Sr35 and Sr45 genes confer resistance against stem rust in barley. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:273-284. [PMID: 32744350 PMCID: PMC7868974 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), has re-emerged as a major threat to wheat and barley production in Africa and Europe. In contrast to wheat with 60 designated stem rust (Sr) resistance genes, barley's genetic variation for stem rust resistance is very narrow with only ten resistance genes genetically identified. Of these, only one complex locus consisting of three genes is effective against TTKSK, a widely virulent Pgt race of the Ug99 tribe which emerged in Uganda in 1999 and has since spread to much of East Africa and parts of the Middle East. The objective of this study was to assess the functionality, in barley, of cloned wheat Sr genes effective against race TTKSK. Sr22, Sr33, Sr35 and Sr45 were transformed into barley cv. Golden Promise using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. All four genes were found to confer effective stem rust resistance. The barley transgenics remained susceptible to the barley leaf rust pathogen Puccinia hordei, indicating that the resistance conferred by these wheat Sr genes was specific for Pgt. Furthermore, these transgenic plants did not display significant adverse agronomic effects in the absence of disease. Cloned Sr genes from wheat are therefore a potential source of resistance against wheat stem rust in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Department of Agriculture TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
| | | | - Guotai Yu
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Soma Chakraborty
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Dhara Bhatt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Xiaodi Xia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Terese Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Rohit Mago
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Evans S. Lagudah
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | | | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Matthew N. Rouse
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
- USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease LaboratorySt. PaulMNUSA
| | | | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)Agriculture and FoodCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Brian J. Steffenson
- Department of Plant PathologyStakman Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMNUSA
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213
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Zhang Q, Hua X, Liu H, Yuan Y, Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ming R, Zhang J. Evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of sugar transporters in Saccharum (S. spontaneum and S. officinarum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:884-906. [PMID: 33179305 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter (ST) family is considered to be the most important gene family for sugar accumulation, but limited information about the ST family in the important sugar-yielding crop Saccharum is available due to its complex genetic background. Here, 105 ST genes were identified and clustered into eight subfamilies in Saccharum spontaneum. Comparative genomics revealed that tandem duplication events contributed to ST gene expansions of two subfamilies, PLT and STP, in S. spontaneum, indicating an early evolutionary step towards high sugar content in Saccharum. The analyses of expression patterns were based on four large datasets with a total of 226 RNA sequencing samples from S. spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum. The results clearly demonstrated 50 ST genes had different spatiotemporal expression patterns in leaf tissues, 10 STs were specifically expressed in the stem, and 10 STs responded to the diurnal rhythm. Heterologous expression experiments in the defective yeast strain EBY.VW4000 indicated STP13, pGlcT2, VGT3, and TMT4 are the STs with most affinity for glucose/fructose and SUT1_T1 has the highest affinity to sucrose. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis suggested STP7 is a sugar starvation-induced gene and STP13 has a function in retrieving sugar in senescent tissues. PLT11, PLT11_T1, TMT3, and TMT4 contributed to breaking the limitations of the storage sink. SUT1, SUT1_T1, PLT11, TMT4, pGlcT2, and VGT3 responded for different functions in these two Saccharum species. This study demonstrated the evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of the ST gene family and will enable the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism in Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi key lab for sugarcane biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Guangxi key lab for sugarcane biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
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214
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Fernandes SB, Zhang KS, Jamann TM, Lipka AE. How Well Can Multivariate and Univariate GWAS Distinguish Between True and Spurious Pleiotropy? Front Genet 2021; 11:602526. [PMID: 33584799 PMCID: PMC7873880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.602526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the simultaneous contributions of loci to multiple traits, a phenomenon called pleiotropy, is facilitated by the increased availability of high-throughput genotypic and phenotypic data. To understand the prevalence and nature of pleiotropy, the ability of multivariate and univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) models to distinguish between pleiotropic and non-pleiotropic loci in linkage disequilibrium (LD) first needs to be evaluated. Therefore, we used publicly available maize and soybean genotypic data to simulate multiple pairs of traits that were either (i) controlled by quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) on separate chromosomes, (ii) controlled by QTNs in various degrees of LD with each other, or (iii) controlled by a single pleiotropic QTN. We showed that multivariate GWAS could not distinguish between QTNs in LD and a single pleiotropic QTN. In contrast, a unique QTN detection rate pattern was observed for univariate GWAS whenever the simulated QTNs were in high LD or pleiotropic. Collectively, these results suggest that multivariate and univariate GWAS should both be used to infer whether or not causal mutations underlying peak GWAS associations are pleiotropic. Therefore, we recommend that future studies use a combination of multivariate and univariate GWAS models, as both models could be useful for identifying and narrowing down candidate loci with potential pleiotropic effects for downstream biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Fernandes
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander E. Lipka
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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215
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Luo M, Xie L, Chakraborty S, Wang A, Matny O, Jugovich M, Kolmer JA, Richardson T, Bhatt D, Hoque M, Patpour M, Sørensen C, Ortiz D, Dodds P, Steuernagel B, Wulff BBH, Upadhyaya NM, Mago R, Periyannan S, Lagudah E, Freedman R, Lynne Reuber T, Steffenson BJ, Ayliffe M. A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:561-566. [PMID: 33398152 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-00770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breeding wheat with durable resistance to the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), a major threat to cereal production, is challenging due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence. Increased durability and broad-spectrum resistance can be achieved by introducing more than one resistance gene, but combining numerous unlinked genes by breeding is laborious. Here we generate polygenic Pgt resistance by introducing a transgene cassette of five resistance genes into bread wheat as a single locus and show that at least four of the five genes are functional. These wheat lines are resistant to aggressive and highly virulent Pgt isolates from around the world and show very high levels of resistance in the field. The simple monogenic inheritance of this multigene locus greatly simplifies its use in breeding. However, a new Pgt isolate with virulence to several genes at this locus suggests gene stacks will need strategic deployment to maintain their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liqiong Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Aihua Wang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oadi Matny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Jugovich
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Dhara Bhatt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hoque
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mehran Patpour
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Chris Sørensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Genetics and Breeding of Fruit and Vegetables Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Montfavet, France
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Rohit Mago
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Evans Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - T Lynne Reuber
- 2Blades Foundation, Evanston, IL, USA.,Enko Chem, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Steffenson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stakman-Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australia.
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216
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Wu J, Yu R, Wang H, Zhou C, Huang S, Jiao H, Yu S, Nie X, Wang Q, Liu S, Weining S, Singh RP, Bhavani S, Kang Z, Han D, Zeng Q. A large-scale genomic association analysis identifies the candidate causal genes conferring stripe rust resistance under multiple field environments. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:177-191. [PMID: 32677132 PMCID: PMC7769225 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of resistance genes into wheat commercial varieties is the ideal strategy to combat stripe or yellow rust (YR). In a search for novel resistance genes, we performed a large-scale genomic association analysis with high-density 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to determine the genetic components of YR resistance in 411 spring wheat lines. Following quality control, 371 972 SNPs were screened, covering over 50% of the high-confidence annotated gene space. Nineteen stable genomic regions harbouring 292 significant SNPs were associated with adult-plant YR resistance across nine environments. Of these, 14 SNPs were localized in the proximity of known loci widely used in breeding. Obvious candidate SNP variants were identified in certain confidence intervals, such as the cloned gene Yr18 and the major locus on chromosome 2BL, despite a large extent of linkage disequilibrium. The number of causal SNP variants was refined using an independent validation panel and consideration of the estimated functional importance of each nucleotide polymorphism. Interestingly, four natural polymorphisms causing amino acid changes in the gene TraesCS2B01G513100 that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) were significantly involved in YR responses. Gene expression and mutation analysis confirmed that STPK played an important role in YR resistance. PCR markers were developed to identify the favourable TraesCS2B01G513100 haplotype for marker-assisted breeding. These results demonstrate that high-resolution SNP-based GWAS enables the rapid identification of putative resistance genes and can be used to improve the efficiency of marker-assisted selection in wheat disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Rui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Haiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Cai'e Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Hanxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shizhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Shengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Song Weining
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ravi Prakash Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoEstado de MexicoMexico
| | - Sridhar Bhavani
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoEstado de MexicoMexico
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Dejun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Qingdong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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217
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He H, Liu R, Ma P, Du H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Yang L, Gong S, Liu T, Huo N, Gu YQ, Zhu S. Characterization of Pm68, a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 2BS of Greek durum wheat TRI 1796. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:53-62. [PMID: 32915283 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
New powdery mildew resistance gene Pm68 was found in the terminal region of chromosome 2BS of Greek durum wheat TRI 1796. The co-segregated molecular markers could be used for MAS. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) is not only an important cereal crop for pasta making, but also a genetic resource for common wheat improvement. In the present study, a Greek durum wheat TRI 1796 was found to confer high resistance to all 22 tested isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Inheritance study on the F1 plants and the F2 population derived from the cross TRI 1796/PI 584832 revealed that the resistance in TRI 1796 was controlled by a single dominant gene, herein designated Pm68. Using the bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) analysis combined with molecular analysis, Pm68 was mapped to the terminal part of the short arm of chromosome 2B and flanked by markers Xdw04 and Xdw12/Xdw13 with genetic distances of 0.22 cM each. According to the reference genome of durum wheat cv. Svevo, the corresponding physical region spanned the Pm68 locus was about 1.78-Mb, in which a number of disease resistance-related genes were annotated. This study reports the new powdery mildew resistance gene Pm68 that would be a valuable resource for improvement of both common wheat and durum wheat. The co-segregated markers (Xdw05-Xdw11) developed here would be useful tools for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Renkang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Haonan Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Tianlei Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Naxin Huo
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Yong Q Gu
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Shanying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
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218
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Saur IML, Hückelhoven R. Recognition and defence of plant-infecting fungal pathogens. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153324. [PMID: 33249386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Attempted infections of plants with fungi result in diverse outcomes ranging from symptom-less resistance to severe disease and even death of infected plants. The deleterious effect on crop yield have led to intense focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that explain the difference between resistance and susceptibility. This research has uncovered plant resistance or susceptibility genes that explain either dominant or recessive inheritance of plant resistance with many of them coding for receptors that recognize pathogen invasion. Approaches based on cell biology and phytochemistry have contributed to identifying factors that halt an invading fungal pathogen from further invasion into or between plant cells. Plant chemical defence compounds, antifungal proteins and structural reinforcement of cell walls appear to slow down fungal growth or even prevent fungal penetration in resistant plants. Additionally, the hypersensitive response, in which a few cells undergo a strong local immune reaction, including programmed cell death at the site of infection, stops in particular biotrophic fungi from spreading into surrounding tissue. In this review, we give a general overview of plant recognition and defence of fungal parasites tracing back to the early 20th century with a special focus on Triticeae and on the progress that was made in the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M L Saur
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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219
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Liu F, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Schulthess AW, Reif JC. Haplotype-based genome-wide association increases the predictability of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6958-6968. [PMID: 32827041 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance breeding is crucial for sustainable control of wheat leaf rust and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to dissect leaf rust resistance. Unfortunately, GWAS based on SNPs often explained only a small proportion of the genetic variation. We compared SNP-based GWAS with a method based on functional haplotypes (FH) considering epistasis in a comprehensive hybrid wheat mapping population composed of 133 parents plus their 1574 hybrids and characterized with 626 245 high-quality SNPs. In total, 2408 and 1 139 828 significant associations were detected in the mapping population by using SNP-based and FH-based GWAS, respectively. These associations mapped to 25 and 69 candidate regions, correspondingly. SNP-based GWAS highlighted two already-known resistance genes, Lr22a and Lr34-B, while FH-based GWAS detected associations not only on these genes but also on two additional genes, Lr10 and Lr1. As revealed by a second hybrid wheat population for independent validation, the use of detected associations from SNP-based and FH-based GWAS reached predictabilities of 11.72% and 22.86%, respectively. Therefore, FH-based GWAS is not only more powerful for detecting associations, but also improves the accuracy of marker-assisted selection compared with the SNP-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Yong Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Albert W Schulthess
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Jochen C Reif
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
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220
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Miedaner T, Boeven ALGC, Gaikpa DS, Kistner MB, Grote CP. Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Quantitative Disease Resistances in Small-Grain Cereals and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9717. [PMID: 33352763 PMCID: PMC7766114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating genomics-driven knowledge opens a way to accelerate the resistance breeding process by family or population mapping and genomic selection. Important prerequisites are large populations that are genomically analyzed by medium- to high-density marker arrays and extensive phenotyping across locations and years of the same populations. The latter is important to train a genomic model that is used to predict genomic estimated breeding values of phenotypically untested genotypes. After reviewing the specific features of quantitative resistances and the basic genomic techniques, the possibilities for genomics-assisted breeding are evaluated for six pathosystems with hemi-biotrophic fungi: Small-grain cereals/Fusarium head blight (FHB), wheat/Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), maize/Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Fusarium ear rot (FER), maize/Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Typically, all quantitative disease resistances are caused by hundreds of QTL scattered across the whole genome, but often available in hotspots as exemplified for NCLB resistance in maize. Because all crops are suffering from many diseases, multi-disease resistance (MDR) is an attractive aim that can be selected by specific MDR QTL. Finally, the integration of genomic data in the breeding process for introgression of genetic resources and for the improvement within elite materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Ana Luisa Galiano-Carneiro Boeven
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht (KWS) SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
| | - David Sewodor Gaikpa
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
| | - Maria Belén Kistner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
- Estación Experimental Pergamino, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC31, B2700WAA Pergamino, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cathérine Pauline Grote
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (A.L.G.-C.B.); (D.S.G.); (M.B.K.); (C.P.G.)
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221
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Chang Q, Lin X, Yao M, Liu P, Guo J, Huang L, Voegele RT, Kang Z, Liu J. Hexose transporter PsHXT1-mediated sugar uptake is required for pathogenicity of wheat stripe rust. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2367-2369. [PMID: 32386262 PMCID: PMC7680534 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Bio‐Agriculture Institute of ShaanxiShaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant NematologyXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Department of AgronomyInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina
| | - Mohan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroproductsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ralf T. Voegele
- Department of PhytopathologyFaculty of Agricultural SciencesInstitute of PhytomedicineUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartBaden‐WürttembergGermany
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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222
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Wang Y, Huang L, Luo W, Jin Y, Gong F, He J, Liu D, Zheng Y, Wu B. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the mechanisms underlying wheat cultivar Shumai126 responding to stripe rust. Gene 2020; 768:145290. [PMID: 33157204 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive fungal disease of wheat globally. Breeding resistance cultivars is one of the most cost-effective methods to control Pst. Shumai126 (SM126), a high-yielding commercial wheat cultivar, showed strong stripe rust resistance for more than ten years. However, the molecular mechanisms and the responsive genes underlying the SM126 resistance to Pst have not been explored yet. In the present study, RNA-seq was used to analyze changes in the transcriptome at different time points of Pst infection in seedling leaves of SM126. In total, 520, 148 and 1439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be up- or down-regulated after Pst infection at 1, 3, and 7 days post inoculation, respectively. The majority of DEGs exhibited transient expression patterns during Pst infection at different time points. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that many biological processes, such as photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, MAPK signaling pathway, and phenylalanine metabolism are involved in SM126 response to Pst. Expression of genes involved in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway was detected and some key genes showed differential expression. DEGs encoded R proteins and transcription factors were also identified. Our study suggests the gene resources in SM126 related to stripe rust response could be valuable for understanding the mechanisms involved in stripe rust resistance and improvement of wheat resistance to Pst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yarong Jin
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingshu He
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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223
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Li H, Bariana H, Singh D, Zhang L, Dillon S, Whan A, Bansal U, Ayliffe M. A durum wheat adult plant stripe rust resistance QTL and its relationship with the bread wheat Yr80 locus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3049-3066. [PMID: 32683473 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A stripe rust resistance QTL in durum wheat maps near the bread wheat Yr80 locus with the latter reduced to 15 candidate genes. Some wheat adult plant resistance (APR) genes provide partial resistance in the later stages of plant development to rust diseases and are an important component in protecting wheat crops from these fungal pathogens. These genes provide protection in both bread wheat and durum wheat. Here, we have mapped APR to wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in a cross between durum cultivars Stewart and Bansi. Two resistance QTLs derived from the Stewart parent were identified in multi-generational field trials. One QTL is located on chromosome 1BL and maps to the previously identified Yr29/Lr46/Sr58/Pm39 multi-pathogen APR locus. The second locus, located on chromosome 3BL, maps near the recently described bread wheat APR gene, Yr80. Fine mapping in durum and bread wheat families shows that the durum 3BL locus and Yr80 are closely located, with the later APR gene reduced to 15 candidate genes present in the Chinese Spring genome sequence. Distorted segregation of the durum 3BL region was observed with the Stewart locus preferentially transmitted through pollen when compared with the equivalent Bansi region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Harbans Bariana
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Davinder Singh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shannon Dillon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alex Whan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Urmil Bansal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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224
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Sapkota S, Mergoum M, Kumar A, Fiedler JD, Johnson J, Bland D, Lopez B, Sutton S, Ghimire B, Buck J, Chen Z, Harrison S. A novel adult plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr2K38 mapped on wheat chromosome 1AL. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20061. [PMID: 33169935 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft red winter wheat (SRWW) cultivar AGS 2038 has a high level of seedling and adult plant leaf rust (LR) resistance. To map and characterize LR resistance in AGS 2038, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 225 lines was developed from a cross between AGS 2038 and moderately resistant line UGA 111729. The parents and RIL population were phenotyped for LR response in three field environments at Plains and Griffin, GA, in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons, one greenhouse environment at the adult-plant stage, and at seedling stage. The RIL population was genotyped with the Illumina iSelect 90K SNP marker array, and a total of 7667 polymorphic markers representing 1513 unique loci were used to construct a linkage map. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis detected six QTL, QLr.ags-1AL, QLr.ags-2AS, QLr.ags-2BS1, QLr.ags-2BS2, QLr.ags-2BS3, and QLr.ags-2DS, for seedling and adult plant LR resistance. Of these, the major adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL, QLr.ags-1AL, was detected on all field and greenhouse adult plant tests and explained up to 34.45% of the phenotypic variation. QLr.ags-1AL, tightly flanked by IWB20487 and IWA4022 markers, was contributed by AGS 2038. Molecular marker analysis using a diagnostic marker linked to Lr59 showed that QLr.ags-1AL was different from Lr59, the only known LR resistance gene on 1AL. Therefore, the QTL was temporarily designated as Lr2K38. Lr2K38-linked marker IWB20487 was highly polymorphic among 30 SRWW lines and should be useful for selecting the Lr2K38 in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Dan Bland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Steve Sutton
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - James Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Stephen Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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225
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Xie J, Guo G, Wang Y, Hu T, Wang L, Li J, Qiu D, Li Y, Wu Q, Lu P, Chen Y, Dong L, Li M, Zhang H, Zhang P, Zhu K, Li B, Deal KR, Huo N, Zhang Y, Luo MC, Liu S, Gu YQ, Li H, Liu Z. A rare single nucleotide variant in Pm5e confers powdery mildew resistance in common wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1011-1026. [PMID: 32569398 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew poses severe threats to wheat production. The most sustainable way to control this disease is through planting resistant cultivars. We report the map-based cloning of the powdery mildew resistance allele Pm5e from a Chinese wheat landrace. We applied a two-step bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) approach in developing tightly linked or co-segregating markers to Pm5e. The first BSR-Seq used phenotypically contrasting bulks of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to identify Pm5e-linked markers. The second BSR-Seq utilized bulks of genetic recombinants screened from a fine-mapping population to precisely quantify the associated genomic variation in the mapping interval, and identified the Pm5e candidate genes. The function of Pm5e was validated by transgenic assay, loss-of-function mutants and haplotype association analysis. Pm5e encodes a nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat-containing (NLR) protein. A rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant (SNV) within the C-terminal leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain is responsible for the gain of powdery mildew resistance function of Pm5e, an allele endemic to wheat landraces of Shaanxi province of China. Results from this study demonstrate the value of landraces in discovering useful genes for modern wheat breeding. The key SNV associated with powdery mildew resistance will be useful for marker-assisted selection of Pm5e in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiezhu Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 4530003, China
| | - Lili Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingting Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yahui Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huaizhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Karin R Deal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Naxin Huo
- USDA-ARS West Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yong Qiang Gu
- USDA-ARS West Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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226
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Li M, Dong L, Li B, Wang Z, Xie J, Qiu D, Li Y, Shi W, Yang L, Wu Q, Chen Y, Lu P, Guo G, Zhang H, Zhang P, Zhu K, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Yuan C, Liu W, Yu D, Luo MC, Fahima T, Nevo E, Li H, Liu Z. A CNL protein in wild emmer wheat confers powdery mildew resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1027-1037. [PMID: 32583535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, a fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), has a serious impact on wheat production. Loss of resistance in cultivars prompts a continuing search for new sources of resistance. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, WEW), the progenitor of both modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, harbors many powdery mildew resistance genes. We report here the positional cloning and functional characterization of Pm41, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from WEW, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat protein (CNL). Mutagenesis and stable genetic transformation confirmed the function of Pm41 against Bgt infection in wheat. We demonstrated that Pm41 was present at a very low frequency (1.81%) only in southern WEW populations. It was absent in other WEW populations, domesticated emmer, durum, and common wheat, suggesting that the ancestral Pm41 was restricted to its place of origin and was not incorporated into domesticated wheat. Our findings emphasize the importance of conservation and exploitation of the primary WEW gene pool, as a valuable resource for discovery of resistance genes for improvement of modern wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Jingzhong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yahui Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huaizhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rongge Wang
- Hebei Gaoyi Seeds Farm, Gaoyi, Hebei, 051330, China
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Beijing Dabeinong Technology Group Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Dazhao Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Israel
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838, Israel
| | - Hongjie Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Jia M, Yang L, Zhang W, Rosewarne G, Li J, Yang E, Chen L, Wang W, Liu Y, Tong H, He W, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Gao C. Genome-wide association analysis of stripe rust resistance in modern Chinese wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:491. [PMID: 33109074 PMCID: PMC7590722 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stripe rust (yellow rust) is a significant disease for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. A genome-wide association study was conducted on 240 Chinese wheat cultivars and elite lines genotyped with the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to decipher the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in Chinese germplasm. RESULTS Stripe rust resistance was evaluated at the adult plant stage in Pixian and Xindu in Sichuan province in the 2015-2016 cropping season, and in Wuhan in Hubei province in the 2013-2014, 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons. Twelve stable loci for stripe rust resistance were identified by GWAS using TASSEL and GAPIT software. These loci were distributed on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4B (3), 4D, 6D, and 7B and explained 3.6 to 10.3% of the phenotypic variation. Six of the loci corresponded with previously reported genes/QTLs, including Sr2/Yr30/Lr27, while the other six (QYr.hbaas-1BS, QYr.hbaas-2BL, QYr.hbaas-3AL, QYr.hbaas-4BL.3, QYr.hbaas-4DL, and QYr.hbaas-6DS) are probably novel. The results suggest high genetic diversity for stripe rust resistance in this population. The resistance alleles of QYr.hbaas-2AS, QYr.hbaas-3BS, QYr.hbaas-4DL, and QYr.hbaas-7BL were rare in the present panel, indicating their potential use in breeding for stripe rust resistance in China. Eleven penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) markers were developed from SNPs significantly associated with seven mapped QTLs. Twenty-seven genes were predicted for mapped QTLs. Six of them were considered as candidates for their high relative expression levels post-inoculation. CONCLUSION The resistant germplasm, mapped QTLs, and PARMS markers developed in this study are resources for enhancing stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Garry Rosewarne
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, Victoria, 3400, Australia
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Junhui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Enian Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yike Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Hanwen Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Weijie He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhanwang Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Chunbao Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wheat/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central China, Wuhan, 430064, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze university, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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228
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Mapping Powdery Mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) Resistance in Wild and Cultivated Tetraploid Wheats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217910. [PMID: 33114422 PMCID: PMC7662567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown crop and represents the staple food for one third of the world’s population. Wheat is attacked by a large variety of pathogens and the use of resistant cultivars is an effective and environmentally safe strategy for controlling diseases and eliminating the use of fungicides. In this study, a collection of wild and cultivated tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum) were evaluated for seedling resistance (SR) and adult plant resistance (APR) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and genotyped with a 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to identify new sources of resistance genes. The genome-wide association mapping detected 18 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for APR and 8 QTL for SR, four of which were identical or at least closely linked to four QTL for APR. Thirteen candidate genes, containing nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich repeats, were localized in the confidence intervals of the QTL-tagging SNPs. The marker IWB6155, associated to QPm.mgb-1AS, was located within the gene TRITD1Av1G004560 coding for a disease resistance protein. While most of the identified QTL were described previously, five QTL for APR (QPm.mgb-1AS, QPm.mgb-2BS, QPm.mgb-3BL.1, QPm.mgb-4BL, QPm.mgb-7BS.1) and three QTL for SR (QPm.mgb-3BL.3, QPm.mgb-5AL.2, QPm.mgb-7BS.2) were mapped on chromosome regions where no resistance gene was reported before. The novel QTL/genes can contribute to enriching the resistance sources available to breeders.
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229
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Zhang J, Coaker G, Zhou JM, Dong X. Plant Immune Mechanisms: From Reductionistic to Holistic Points of View. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1358-1378. [PMID: 32916334 PMCID: PMC7541739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
After three decades of the amazing progress made on molecular studies of plant-microbe interactions (MPMI), we have begun to ask ourselves "what are the major questions still remaining?" as if the puzzle has only a few pieces missing. Such an exercise has ultimately led to the realization that we still have many more questions than answers. Therefore, it would be an impossible task for us to project a coherent "big picture" of the MPMI field in a single review. Instead, we provide our opinions on where we would like to go in our research as an invitation to the community to join us in this exploration of new MPMI frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricutural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Advanced Agricutural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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230
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Deng Y, Ning Y, Yang DL, Zhai K, Wang GL, He Z. Molecular Basis of Disease Resistance and Perspectives on Breeding Strategies for Resistance Improvement in Crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1402-1419. [PMID: 32979566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases are major factors responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide, which affects global food security. The use of resistance (R) genes is an effective and sustainable approach to controlling crop diseases. Here, we review recent advances on R gene studies in the major crops and related wild species. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying R gene activation and signaling, and susceptibility (S) gene-mediated resistance in crops are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we propose some new strategies for R gene discovery, how to balance resistance and yield, and how to generate crops with broad-spectrum disease resistance. With the rapid development of new genome-editing technologies and the availability of increasing crop genome sequences, the goal of breeding next-generation crops with durable resistance to pathogens is achievable, and will be a key step toward increasing crop production in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Keran Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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231
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Rajagopalan N, Lu Y, Burton IW, Monteil-Rivera F, Halasz A, Reimer E, Tweidt R, Brûlé-Babel A, Kutcher HR, You FM, Cloutier S, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Hiebert CW, McCallum BD, Loewen MC. A phenylpropanoid diglyceride associates with the leaf rust resistance Lr34res gene in wheat. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112456. [PMID: 32692663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gene Lr34res is one of the most long-lasting sources of quantitative fungal resistance in wheat. It is shown to be effective against leaf, stem, and stripe rusts, as well as powdery mildew and spot blotch. Recent biochemical characterizations of the encoded ABC transporter have outlined a number of allocrites, including phospholipids and abscisic acid, consistent with the established general promiscuity of ABC transporters, but ultimately leaving its mechanism of rust resistance unclear. Working with flag leaves of Triticum aestivum L. variety 'Thatcher' (Tc) and a near-isogenic line of 'Thatcher' into which the Lr34res allele was introgressed (Tc+Lr34res; RL6058), a comparative semi-targeted metabolomics analysis of flavonoid-rich extracts revealed virtually identical profiles with the exception of one metabolite accumulating in Tc+Lr34res, which was not present at comparable levels in Tc. Structural characterization of the purified metabolite revealed a phenylpropanoid diglyceride structure, 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-feruloylglycerol (CFG). Additional profiling of CFG across a collection of near-isogenic lines and representative Lr34 haplotypes highlighted a broad association between the presence of Lr34res and elevated accumulations of CFG. Depletion of CFG upon infection, juxtaposed to its relatively lower anti-fungal activity, suggests CFG may serve as a storage form of the more potent anti-microbial hydroxycinnamic acids that are accessed during defense responses. Altogether these findings suggest a role for the encoded LR34res ABC transporter in modifying the accumulation of CFG, leading to increased accumulation of anti-fungal metabolites, essentially priming the wheat plant for defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhakishore Rajagopalan
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Yuping Lu
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Ian W Burton
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Fanny Monteil-Rivera
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Annamaria Halasz
- National Research Council of Canada, Energy Mining and Environment Research Center, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Elsa Reimer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Rebecca Tweidt
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Anita Brûlé-Babel
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Rd. Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hadley R Kutcher
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Frank M You
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Center, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Colin W Hiebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Brent D McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Center, 101 Route 100, Unit 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, Aquatic and Crop Resources Development Research Center, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 5A2, Canada.
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232
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Babu P, Baranwal DK, Harikrishna, Pal D, Bharti H, Joshi P, Thiyagarajan B, Gaikwad KB, Bhardwaj SC, Singh GP, Singh A. Application of Genomics Tools in Wheat Breeding to Attain Durable Rust Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:567147. [PMID: 33013989 PMCID: PMC7516254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important source of dietary protein and calories for the majority of the world's population. It is one of the largest grown cereal in the world occupying over 215 M ha. Wheat production globally is challenged by biotic stresses such as pests and diseases. Of the 50 diseases of wheat that are of economic importance, the three rust diseases are the most ubiquitous causing significant yield losses in the majority of wheat production environments. Under severe epidemics they can lead to food insecurity threats amid the continuous evolution of new races of the pathogens, shifts in population dynamics and their virulence patterns, thereby rendering several effective resistance genes deployed in wheat breeding programs vulnerable. This emphasizes the need to identify, characterize, and deploy effective rust-resistant genes from diverse sources into pre-breeding lines and future wheat varieties. The use of genetic resistance has been marked as eco-friendly and to curb the further evolution of rust pathogens. Deployment of multiple rust resistance genes including major and minor genes in wheat lines could enhance the durability of resistance thereby reducing pathogen evolution. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and associated bioinformatics tools have revolutionized wheat genomics. The sequence alignment of the wheat genome is the most important landmark which will enable genomics to identify marker-trait associations, candidate genes and enhanced breeding values in genomic selection (GS) studies. High throughput genotyping platforms have demonstrated their role in the estimation of genetic diversity, construction of the high-density genetic maps, dissecting polygenic traits, and better understanding their interactions through GWAS (genome-wide association studies) and QTL mapping, and isolation of R genes. Application of breeder's friendly KASP assays in the wheat breeding program has expedited the identification and pyramiding of rust resistance alleles/genes in elite lines. The present review covers the evolutionary trends of the rust pathogen and contemporary wheat varieties, and how these research strategies galvanized to control the wheat killer genus Puccinia. It will also highlight the outcome and research impact of cost-effective NGS technologies and cloning of rust resistance genes amid the public availability of common and tetraploid wheat reference genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Babu
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harikrishna
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Hemlata Bharti
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (ICAR), Anand, India
| | - Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anupam Singh
- DCM SHRIRAM-Bioseed Research India, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India
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233
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Geiger D. Plant glucose transporter structure and function. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1111-1128. [PMID: 32845347 PMCID: PMC8298354 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate D-glucose is the main source of energy in living organisms. In contrast to animals, as well as most fungi, bacteria, and archaea, plants are capable to synthesize a surplus of sugars characterizing them as autothrophic organisms. Thus, plants are de facto the source of all food on earth, either directly or indirectly via feed to livestock. Glucose is stored as polymeric glucan, in animals as glycogen and in plants as starch. Despite serving a general source for metabolic energy and energy storage, glucose is the main building block for cellulose synthesis and represents the metabolic starting point of carboxylate- and amino acid synthesis. Finally yet importantly, glucose functions as signalling molecule conveying the plant metabolic status for adjustment of growth, development, and survival. Therefore, cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of photoassimilates/sugars throughout the plant body require the fine-tuned activity of sugar transporters facilitating the transport across membranes. The functional plant counterparts of the animal sodium/glucose transporters (SGLTs) are represented by the proton-coupled sugar transport proteins (STPs) of the plant monosaccharide transporter(-like) family (MST). In the framework of this special issue on “Glucose Transporters in Health and Disease,” this review gives an overview of the function and structure of plant STPs in comparison to the respective knowledge obtained with the animal Na+-coupled glucose transporters (SGLTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Tomkowiak A, Jędrzejewski T, Spychała J, Kuczyński J, Kwiatek MT, Tyczewska A, Skowrońska R, Twardowski T. Analysis of miRNA expression associated with the Lr46 gene responsible for APR resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Appl Genet 2020; 61:503-511. [PMID: 32812165 PMCID: PMC7652742 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 (Lr46) is a gene for slow rusting resistance in wheat. The aim of the study was to analyze the miRNA expression in selected common wheat cultivars carrying resistance genes, Lr46 among others (HN Rod, Pavon‘S’, Myna‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparrow’S’) in response to leaf rust infection caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. In the Pavon ‘S’, Myna ‘S’, Frontana‘S’, and Sparow‘S’ varieties a product with a length of 242 bp has been identified, which is specific to the Xwmc44 marker linked to the brown rust resistance gene Lr46. In the next step, the differences in the expression of microRNA (miR5085 and miR164) associated with the Lr46 gene, which is responsible for different resistance of selected wheat cultivars to leaf rust, were examined using emulsion PCR (ddPCR). In the experiment, biotic stress was induced in mature plants by infecting them with fungal spores under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. For analysis the plant material was collected before inoculation and 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. The experiments also showed that plant infection with Puccinia triticina resulted in an increase in miR164 expression in cultivars carrying the Lr46 gene. The expression of miR164 remained stable in a control cultivar (HN ROD) lacking this gene. This has proved that miR164 can be involved in leaf rust resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomkowiak
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd str. 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd str. 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Spychała
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd str. 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Kuczyński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał T Kwiatek
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd str. 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agata Tyczewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Skowrońska
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd str. 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Twardowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
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Identification of Loci That Confer Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases of Maize. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:2819-2828. [PMID: 32571803 PMCID: PMC7407448 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance. In this study, we evaluated a disease resistance introgression line (DRIL) population for the foliar disease Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight (GW) and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We identified a total of ten QTL across multiple environments. We then combined our GW data with data on four additional foliar diseases (northern corn leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and bacterial leaf streak) and conducted multivariate analysis to identify regions conferring resistance to multiple diseases. We identified 20 chromosomal bins with putative multiple disease effects. We examined the five chromosomal regions (bins 1.05, 3.04, 4.06, 8.03, and 9.02) with the strongest statistical support. By examining how each haplotype effected each disease, we identified several regions associated with increased resistance to multiple diseases and three regions associated with opposite effects for bacterial and fungal diseases. In summary, we identified several promising candidate regions for multiple disease resistance in maize and specific DRILs to expedite interrogation.
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Ghimire B, Sapkota S, Bahri BA, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Buck JW, Mergoum M. Fusarium Head Blight and Rust Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Southeast United States: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspective for Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32765563 PMCID: PMC7378807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the biotic constraints to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, and stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis are problematic fungal diseases worldwide. Each can significantly reduce grain yield while FHB causes additional food and feed safety concerns due to mycotoxin contamination of grain. Genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach for managing wheat diseases. In the past 20 years, over 500 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring small to moderate effects for the different FHB resistance types have been reported in wheat. Similarly, 79 Lr-genes and more than 200 QTLs and 82 Yr-genes and 140 QTLs have been reported for seedling and adult plant LR and SR resistance, respectively. Most QTLs conferring rust resistance are race-specific generally conforming to a classical gene-for-gene interaction while resistance to FHB exhibits complex polygenic inheritance with several genetic loci contributing to one resistance type. Identification and deployment of additional genes/QTLs associated with FHB and rust resistance can expedite wheat breeding through marker-assisted and/or genomic selection to combine small-effect QTL in the gene pool. LR disease has been present in the southeast United States for decades while SR and FHB have become increasingly problematic in the past 20 years, with FHB arguably due to increased corn acreage in the region. Currently, QTLs on chromosome 1B from Jamestown, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5A, and 6A from W14, Ning7840, Ernie, Bess, Massey, NC-Neuse, and Truman, and 3B (Fhb1) from Sumai 3 for FHB resistance, Lr9, Lr10, Lr18, Lr24, Lr37, LrA2K, and Lr2K38 genes for LR resistance, and Yr17 and YrR61 for SR resistance have been extensively deployed in southeast wheat breeding programs. This review aims to disclose the current status of FHB, LR, and SR diseases, summarize the genetics of resistance and breeding efforts for the deployment of FHB and rust resistance QTL on soft red winter wheat cultivars, and present breeding strategies to achieve sustainable management of these diseases in the southeast US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | | | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
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Pourkheirandish M, Golicz AA, Bhalla PL, Singh MB. Global Role of Crop Genomics in the Face of Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:922. [PMID: 32765541 PMCID: PMC7378793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of climate change resilient crops is necessary if we are to meet the challenge of feeding the growing world's population. We must be able to increase food production despite the projected decrease in arable land and unpredictable environmental conditions. This review summarizes the technological and conceptual advances that have the potential to transform plant breeding, help overcome the challenges of climate change, and initiate the next plant breeding revolution. Recent developments in genomics in combination with high-throughput and precision phenotyping facilitate the identification of genes controlling critical agronomic traits. The discovery of these genes can now be paired with genome editing techniques to rapidly develop climate change resilient crops, including plants with better biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and enhanced nutritional value. Utilizing the genetic potential of crop wild relatives (CWRs) enables the domestication of new species and the generation of synthetic polyploids. The high-quality crop plant genome assemblies and annotations provide new, exciting research targets, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cis-regulatory regions. Metagenomic studies give insights into plant-microbiome interactions and guide selection of optimal soils for plant cultivation. Together, all these advances will allow breeders to produce improved, resilient crops in relatively short timeframes meeting the demands of the growing population and changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohan B. Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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238
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Huerta-Espino J, Singh R, Crespo-Herrera LA, Villaseñor-Mir HE, Rodriguez-Garcia MF, Dreisigacker S, Barcenas-Santana D, Lagudah E. Adult Plant Slow Rusting Genes Confer High Levels of Resistance to Rusts in Bread Wheat Cultivars From Mexico. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:824. [PMID: 32760411 PMCID: PMC7371971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rust diseases continuously threaten global wheat production: stem rust, leaf rust, and yellow rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina, and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, respectively. Recent studies indicated that the average losses from all these three rusts reached up to 15.04 million tons per year, which is equivalent to an annual average loss of around US $2.9 billion per year. The major focus of Mexican and worldwide breeding programs is the release of rust resistant cultivars, as this is considered the best option for controlling rust diseases. In Mexico, the emphasis has been placed on genes that confer partial resistance in the adult plant stage and against a broad spectrum of rust races since the 1970s. In this study, a set of the first-generation tall varieties developed and released in the 1940s and 1950s, the first semi-dwarfs, and other releases in Mexico, all of which showed different levels of rust resistance have been phenotyped for the three rust diseases and genotyped. Results of the molecular marker detection indicated that Lr34, Lr46, Lr67, and Lr68 alone or in different gene combinations were present among the wheat cultivars. Flag leaf tip necrosis was present in all cultivars and most were positive for brown necrosis or Pseudo Black Chaff associated with the Sr2 stem rust resistance complex. The phenotypic responses to the different rust infections indicate the presence of additional slow rusting and race-specific resistance genes. The study reveals the association of the slow rusting genes with durable resistance to the three rusts including Ug99 in cultivars bred before the green revolution such as Frontera, Supremo 211, Chapingo 48, Yaqui 50, Kentana 52, Bajio 52, Bajio 53, Yaqui 53, Chapingo 53, Yaktana Tardio 54, and Mayo 54 and their descendants after intercrossing and recombination. These slow rusting genes are the backbone of the resistance in the current Mexican germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Singh
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Evans Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Pommerrenig B, Müdsam C, Kischka D, Neuhaus HE. Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3930-3940. [PMID: 32242225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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240
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Dinh HX, Singh D, Periyannan S, Park RF, Pourkheirandish M. Molecular genetics of leaf rust resistance in wheat and barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2035-2050. [PMID: 32128617 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for cereal grains as a main source of energy continues to increase due to the rapid increase in world population. The leaf rust diseases of cereals cause significant yield losses, posing challenges for global food security. The deployment of resistance genes has long been considered as the most effective and sustainable way to control cereal leaf rust diseases. While genetic resistance has reduced the impact of these diseases in agriculture, losses still occur due to the ability of the respective rust pathogens to change and render resistance genes ineffective plus the slow pace at which resistance genes are discovered and characterized. This article highlights novel recently developed strategies based on advances in genome sequencing that have accelerated gene isolation by overcoming the complexity of cereal genomes. The leaf rust resistance genes cloned so far from wheat and barley belong to various protein families, including nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat receptors and transporters. We review recent studies that are beginning to reveal the defense mechanisms conferred by the leaf rust resistance genes identified to date in cereals and their roles in either pattern-triggered immunity or effector-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoan X Dinh
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Davinder Singh
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Robert F Park
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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241
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Alternate Hosts of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Their Role. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060434. [PMID: 32498285 PMCID: PMC7350320 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogen is important in developing resistant cultivars and strategies for controlling the disease. Since the discovery of Berberis and Mahonia spp. as alternate hosts of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), their possible role in generating new races of Pst through sexual reproduction has become a hot topic. To date, all the investigations about the role of alternate hosts in the occurrence of the wheat stripe rust epidemics revealed that it depends on alternate host species and environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the current status of alternate hosts of Pst, their interactions with the pathogen, their importance in genetic diversity and disease epidemics. Most importantly, the recent research progress in understanding the role of alternate hosts of Pst is provided.
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242
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Lu N, Lu M, Liu P, Xu H, Qiu X, Hu S, Wu Y, Bai S, Wu J, Xue S. Fine Mapping a Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Chinese Landrace Datoumai, PmDTM, and Its Relationship with Pm24. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1709-1714. [PMID: 32289249 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2431-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally important wheat disease causing severe yield losses, and deployment of resistant varieties is the preferred choice for managing this disease. Chinese wheat landrace Datoumai was resistant to 22 of 23 Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis based on the inoculation of Bgt isolate E09 on the F1, F2, and F2:3 populations derived from the cross Datoumai × Huixianhong revealed that the powdery mildew resistance of Datoumai is controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as PmDTM. Bulked segregant analysis and simple sequence repeat mapping with 200 F2 plants showed that PmDTM was located in the same genetic region as Pm24 on chromosome 1DS. To fine map PmDTM, 12 critical recombinants were identified from 1,192 F2 plants and delimited PmDTM to a 0.5-cM Xhnu58800 to Xhnu59000 interval covering 180.5 Kb (38,728,125 to 38,908,656 bp) on chromosome 1DS, and only one highly confident gene, TraesCS1D02G058900, was annotated within this region. TraesCS1D02G058900 encodes a receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (STK), and a 6-bp deletion in exon 5 may confer the resistance to powdery mildew. Allele frequency analysis indicated that the STK allele with 6-bp deletion was only present in three landraces (Datoumai, Chiyacao [Pm24], and Hulutou) and was absent in all of the 353 Chinese modern cultivars and 147 foreign cultivars. These results demonstrate that PmDTM is mapped to the same locus as Pm24 and can be widely used to enhance powdery mildew resistance in wheat growing regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
- Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shulin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
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243
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Liu F, Zhao Y, Beier S, Jiang Y, Thorwarth P, H. Longin CF, Ganal M, Himmelbach A, Reif JC, Schulthess AW. Exome association analysis sheds light onto leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance genes currently used in wheat breeding (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1396-1408. [PMID: 31782598 PMCID: PMC7207002 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Resistance breeding is crucial for a sustainable control of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) while directly targeting functional variants is the Holy Grail for efficient marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning. We assessed the limits and prospects of exome association analysis for severity of leaf rust in a large hybrid wheat population of 1574 single-crosses plus their 133 parents. After imputation and quality control, exome sequencing revealed 202 875 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 19.7% of the high-confidence annotated gene space. We performed intensive data mining and found significant associations for 2171 SNPs corresponding to 50 different loci. Some of these associations mapped in the proximity of the already known resistance genes Lr21, Lr34-B, Lr1 and Lr10, while other associated genomic regions, such as those on chromosomes 1A and 3D, harboured several annotated genes putatively involved in resistance. Validation with an independent population helped to narrow down the list of putative resistance genes that should be targeted by fine-mapping. We expect that the proposed strategy of intensive data mining coupled with validation will significantly influence research in plant genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Sebastian Beier
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Yong Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Patrick Thorwarth
- State Plant Breeding InstituteUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | | | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Jochen C. Reif
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
| | - Albert W. Schulthess
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Stadt SeelandGermany
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244
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Dodds P, Lagudah E. How Target-Sequence Enrichment and Sequencing (TEnSeq) Pipelines Have Catalyzed Resistance Gene Cloning in the Wheat-Rust Pathosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32528511 PMCID: PMC7264398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The wheat-rust pathosystem has been well-studied among host-pathogen interactions since last century due to its economic importance. Intensified efforts toward cloning of wheat rust resistance genes commenced in the late 1990s with the first successful isolation published in 2003. Currently, a total of 24 genes have been cloned from wheat that provides resistance to stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust. Among them, more than half (15) were cloned over the last 4 years. This rapid cloning of resistance genes from wheat can be largely credited to the development of approaches for reducing the genome complexity as 10 out of the 15 genes cloned recently were achieved by approaches that are summarized as TEnSeq (Target-sequence Enrichment and Sequencing) pipelines in this review. The growing repertoire of cloned rust resistance genes provides new tools to support deployment strategies aimed at achieving durable resistance. This will be supported by the identification of genetic variation in corresponding Avr genes from rust pathogens, which has recently begun. Although developed with wheat resistance genes as the primary targets, TEnSeq approaches are also applicable to other classes of genes as well as for other crops with complex genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Evans Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Figlan S, Ntushelo K, Mwadzingeni L, Terefe T, Tsilo TJ, Shimelis H. Breeding Wheat for Durable Leaf Rust Resistance in Southern Africa: Variability, Distribution, Current Control Strategies, Challenges and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32499800 PMCID: PMC7242648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Leaf or brown rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most damaging diseases globally. Considerable progress has been made to control leaf rust through crop protection chemicals and host plant resistance breeding in southern Africa. However, frequent changes in the pathogen population still present a major challenge to achieve durable resistance. Disease surveillance and monitoring of the pathogen have revealed the occurrence of similar races across the region, justifying the need for concerted efforts by countries in southern Africa to develop and deploy more efficient and sustainable strategies to manage the disease. Understanding the genetic variability and composition of Pt is a pre-requisite for cultivar release with appropriate resistance gene combinations for sustainable disease management. This review highlights the variability and distribution of the Pt population, and the current control strategies, challenges and future prospects of breeding wheat varieties with durable leaf rust resistance in southern Africa. The importance of regular, collaborative and efficient surveillance of the pathogen and germplasm development across southern Africa is discussed, coupled with the potential of using modern breeding technologies to produce wheat cultivars with durable resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandiswa Figlan
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Learnmore Mwadzingeni
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Tarekegn Terefe
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Toi J. Tsilo
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Qiu L, Wang H, Li Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Mu J, Geng M, Guo W, Hu Z, Ma J, Sun Q, Xie C. Fine Mapping of the Wheat Leaf Rust Resistance Gene LrLC10 ( Lr13) and Validation of Its Co-segregation Markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32477377 PMCID: PMC7232556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wheat leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt), is a destructive disease found throughout common wheat production areas worldwide. At its adult stage, wheat cultivar Liaochun10 is resistant to leaf rust and the gene for that resistance has been mapped on chromosome 2BS. It was designated LrLC10 and is the same gene as cataloged gene Lr13 by pedigree analysis and allelism test. We fine-mapped it using recessive class analysis (RCA) of the homozygous susceptible F2 plants derived from crosses using Liaochun10 as the resistant, male parent. Taking advantage of the re-sequencing data of Liaochun10 and its counterpart susceptible parent, we converted nucleotide polymorphisms in the LrLC10 interval between the resistant and susceptible parents into molecular markers to saturate the LrLC10 genetic linkage map. Four indel markers were added in the 1.65 cM map of LrLC10 flanked by markers CAUT163 and Lseq22. Thirty-two recombinants were identified by those two markers from the 984 F2 homozygous susceptible plants and were further genotyped with additional ten markers. LrLC10 was finally placed in a 314.3 kb region on the Chinese Spring reference sequence (RefSeq v1.0) that contains three high confidence genes: TraesCS2B01G182800, TraesCS2B01G182900, and TraesCS2B01G183000. Sequence analysis showed several variations in TraesCS2B01G182800 and TraesCS2B01G183000 between resistant and susceptible parents. One KASP marker and an indel marker were designed based on the differences in those two genes, respectively, and were validated to be diagnostic co-segregating markers for LrLC10. Our results both improve marker-assisted selection and help with the map-based cloning of LrLC10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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247
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Ma Z, Xie Q, Li G, Jia H, Zhou J, Kong Z, Li N, Yuan Y. Germplasms, genetics and genomics for better control of disastrous wheat Fusarium head blight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1541-1568. [PMID: 31900498 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, for its devastating nature to wheat production and food security, has stimulated worldwide attention. Multidisciplinary efforts have been made to fight against FHB for a long time, but the great progress has been achieved only in the genomics era of the past 20 years, particularly in the areas of resistance gene/QTL discovery, resistance mechanism elucidation and molecular breeding for better resistance. This review includes the following nine main sections, (1) FHB incidence, epidemic and impact, (2) causal Fusarium species, distribution and virulence, (3) types of host resistance to FHB, (4) germplasm exploitation for FHB resistance, (5) genetic control of FHB resistance, (6) fine mapping of Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4 and Fhb5, (7) cloning of Fhb1, (8) omics-based gene discovery and resistance mechanism study and (9) breeding for better FHB resistance. The advancements that have been made are outstanding and exciting; however, judged by the complicated nature of resistance to hemi-biotrophic pathogens like Fusarium species and lack of immune germplasm, it is still a long way to go to overcome FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Ma
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Quan Xie
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiyang Zhou
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongxin Kong
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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248
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Li W, Deng Y, Ning Y, He Z, Wang GL. Exploiting Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Crops: From Molecular Dissection to Breeding. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:575-603. [PMID: 32197052 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-010720-022215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Many BSR genes have been cloned in plants and have been found to encode pattern recognition receptors, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors, and defense-signaling and pathogenesis-related proteins. In addition, the BSR genes that underlie quantitative trait loci, loss of susceptibility and nonhost resistance have been characterized. Here, we comprehensively review the advances made in the identification and characterization of BSR genes in various species and examine their application in crop breeding. We also discuss the challenges and their solutions for the use of BSR genes in the breeding of disease-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
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Genome-Wide Identification of M35 Family Metalloproteases in Rhizoctonia cerealis and Functional Analysis of RcMEP2 as a Virulence Factor during the Fungal Infection to Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082984. [PMID: 32340265 PMCID: PMC7215534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of the devastating disease, sharp eyespot, of the important crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In phytopathogenic fungi, several M36 metalloproteases have been implicated in virulence, but pathogenesis roles of M35 family metalloproteases are largely unknown. Here, we identified four M35 family metalloproteases from R. cerealis genome, designated RcMEP2–RcMEP5, measured their transcriptional profiles, and investigated RcMEP2 function. RcMEP2-RcMEP5 are predicted as secreted metalloproteases since each protein sequence contains a signal peptide and an M35 domain that includes two characteristic motifs HEXXE and GTXDXXYG. Transcription levels of RcMEP2-RcMEP5 markedly elevated during the fungus infection to wheat, among which RcMEP2 expressed with the highest level. Functional dissection indicated that RcMEP2 and its M35 domain could trigger H2O2 rapidly-excessive accumulation, induce cell death, and inhibit expression of host chitinases. This consequently enhanced the susceptibility of wheat to R. cerealis and the predicated signal peptide of RcMEP2 functions required for secretion and cell death-induction. These results demonstrate that RcMEP2 is a virulence factor and that its M35 domain and signal peptide are necessary for the virulence role of RcMEP2. This study facilitates a better understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism of metalloproteases in phytopathogens including R. cerealis.
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Li G, Tang L, Yin Y, Zhang A, Yu Z, Yang E, Tang Z, Fu S, Yang Z. Molecular dissection of Secale africanum chromosome 6R afr in wheat enabled localization of genes for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32234016 PMCID: PMC7106737 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression of chromatin from Secale species into common wheat has for decades been a successful strategy for controlling the wheat diseases. The wild Secale species, Secale africanum Stapf., is a valuable source for resistance to foliar disease of wheat. A wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr substitution line displayed resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust at the adult-plant stage. RESULTS Wheat-S. africanum chromosome 6Rafr deletion and translocation lines were produced and identified by sequential non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) using multiple Oligo-based probes. Different ND-FISH patterns were observed between S. cereale 6R and S. africanum 6Rafr. With reference to the physical map of the draft genome sequence of rye inbred line Lo7, a comprehensive PCR marker analysis indicated that insertions and deletions had occurred by random exchange between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. A survey of the wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines for disease resistance indicated that a powdery mildew resistance gene(s) was present on the long arm of 6Rafr at FL0.85-1.00, and that a stripe rust resistance gene(s) was located in the terminal region of 6RafrS at FL0.95-1.00. The wheat-S. africanum 6Rafr introgression lines also displayed superior agronomic traits, indicating that the chromosome 6Rafr may have little linkage drag in the wheat background. CONCLUSIONS The combination of molecular and cytogenetic methods allowed to precisely identify the chromosome rearrangements in wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr substitution, deletion and translocation lines, and compare the structural difference between chromosomes 6R and 6Rafr. The wheat- S. africanum 6Rafr lines containing gene(s) for powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance could be used as novel germplasm for wheat breeding by chromosome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingrong Tang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ahui Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ennian Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Province Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shulan Fu
- Province Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zujun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.
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