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Oral Bisphenol A Worsens Liver Immune-Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Adult Mice: Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121201. [PMID: 33265944 PMCID: PMC7760359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lines of evidence have shown the embryogenic and transgenerational impact of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, on immune-metabolic alterations, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while BPA toxic effects in adult obese mice are still overlooked. Here, we evaluate BPA’s worsening effect on several hepatic maladaptive processes associated to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. After 12 weeks HFD feeding, C57Bl/6J male mice were exposed daily to BPA (50 μg/kg per os) along with HFD for 3 weeks. Glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism were examined in serum and/or liver. Hepatic oxidative damage (reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes), and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were evaluated. Moreover, liver damage progression and inflammatory/immune response were determined by histological and molecular analysis. BPA amplified HFD-induced alteration of key factors involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, liver triglycerides accumulation, and worsened mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress and reducing antioxidant defense. The exacerbation by BPA of hepatic immune-metabolic dysfunction induced by HFD was shown by increased toll-like receptor-4 and its downstream pathways (i.e., NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome) amplifying inflammatory cytokine transcription and promoting fibrosis progression. This study evidences that BPA exposure represents an additional risk factor for the progression of fatty liver diseases strictly related to the cross-talk between oxidative stress and immune-metabolic impairment due to obesity.
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202
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Zhan C, Lin G, Huang Y, Wang Z, Zeng F, Wu S. A dopamine-precursor-based nanoprodrug for in-situ drug release and treatment of acute liver failure by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and facilitating liver regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120573. [PMID: 33260093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease with high mortality rate. Inflammasome is a newly-found and promising target for effective treatment of immunity-associated diseases including liver disease, and dopamine has recently been proved as an inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome. This work demonstrates a diselenide-based nanodrug for ALF treatment through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing liver regeneration. A diselenide-containing molecule (DSeSeD) has been synthesized via covalently linking two l-Dopa molecules to a diselenide linker, and the resultant molecules form stable nanoparticles in aqueous media and encapsulate SW033291 (an inhibitor of prostaglandin-degrading enzyme that hampers liver regeneration) to produce the nanodrug (SW@DSeSeD). As a nanoscale prodrug, SW@DSeSeD protects its payloads from decomposition in bloodstream upon administration, accumulates in liver of ALF mice, then responds to the overexpressed ROS and thereby releases SW033291 as well as a stable dopamine precursor that can transform into dopamine in hepatic cells, thus achieving significant therapeutic efficacy against ALF through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing hepatic regeneration. Moreover, multiple contrast agents have been loaded onto the nanodrug to achieve fluorescence, optoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging for nanodrug location and disease evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhan
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guifang Lin
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- Biomedical Division, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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203
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Xu Y, Tang Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Ma G, Jiang P, Zhang W. PINK1-mediated mitophagy protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by restraining NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:871-886. [PMID: 32947010 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Kupffer cells (KCs) contributes significantly to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, while the mechanism of how NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated remains less well defined. Recent evidence has showed that mitophagy acts as a central player for maintaining mitochondrial homeostatis through elimination of damaged mitochondria, leading to the prevention of hyperinflammation triggered by NLRP3 activation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy in hepatic I/R injury. C57BL/6 mice subjected to partial warm hepatic I/R or primary KCs exposed to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) was used as in vivo or in vitro model, respectively. Mitophagy was measured by protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, LC3B-II, TOMM20 and p62. NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β at mRNA and/or protein levels were used as indicators of inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrated remarkable hepatic inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during hepatic I/R, along with increased PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Notably, overexpression of PINK1 in vivo attenuated hepatic I/R injury, ROS production, NLRP3 activation and hepatic inflammation. In parallel, A/R challenge in vitro also triggered NLRP3 activation in KCs accompanied by increase in mitophagy. Enhanced mitophagy mediated by PINK1 overexpression further inhibited NLRP3 activation and reversed the KC-mediated inflammatory injury to hepatocytes. Kinase-dead mutation of PINK1 completely abolished the above protective effects by PINK1. Blocking of mitophagy/autophagy by silencing of PINK1/Parkin, ATG5, NDP52 or OPTN showed the totally opposite effects, respectively. Treatment with different autophagic inhibitors also consistently reversed the PINK1-mediated effects, suggesting that an intact PINK1-mediated mitophagy signaling was crucial for ablation of NLRP3 signaling in the presence of A/R. Together, these results support a critical role of PINK1-mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial quality control for KC activation and function in hepatic I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yinbing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shouliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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204
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Abstract
Cell death occurs when a pathogen invades a host organism or the organism is subjected to sterile injury. Thus, cell death is often closely associated with the induction of an immune response. Furthermore, cell death can occur as a consequence of the immune response and precedes the tissue renewal and repair responses that are initiated by innate immune cells during resolution of an immune response. Beyond immunity, cell death is required for development, morphogenesis and homeostasis. How can such a ubiquitous event as cell death trigger such a wide range of context-specific effector responses? Dying cells are sensed by innate immune cells using specialized receptors and phagocytosed through a process termed efferocytosis. Here, we outline a general principle whereby signals within the dead cell as well as the environment are integrated by specific efferocytes to define the appropriate effector response.
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205
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Ghoneim MES, Abdallah DM, Shebl AM, El-Abhar HS. The interrupted cross-talk of inflammatory and oxidative stress trajectories signifies the effect of artesunate against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammasomopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115309. [PMID: 33130049 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antimalarial drug artesunate (Art) has proven its beneficial effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diverse organs, but its potential role against hepatic I/R is still obscure. This study, hence, examined whether treatment with Art alone or in combination with rapamycin (Rapa), an mTOR inhibitor, can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury via targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Rats were divided into hepatic sham- and I/R-operated rats. The latter were either left untreated (I/R group) or treated with Art, Rapa, or their combination. On the molecular level, all treatment regimens succeeded to hinder inflammasome assembly and activation, assessed as NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, caspase-11, N-terminal cleaved gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N), IL-1β, and IL-18. This effect was associated by the inhibition in the harmful signaling pathways HMGB1/RAGE and TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 to inactivate the transcription factor NF-κB and the production of its pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, this effect entailed the inhibition of ICAM-1/MPO/ROS cascade, which in turn hampered cell demise induced by apoptosis, manifested as correction of the imbalanced Bcl2/Bax, as well as pyroptosis (LDH, cleaved caspase-1, caspase-11, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18), and necrosis. The corrected pathways were reflected on the improved liver function (serum ALT, AST, and LDH) and microscopical hepatic architecture. Noteworthy, the effect of Art on all parameters exceeded significantly that of Rapa and even improved the effect of the latter in the combination group. In conclusion, our results suggest novel roles for Art in abating functional and structural I/R-induced hepatic abnormalities via several traversing cross-talking pathways that succeeded to abate NLRP3 inflammasome and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai El-Sayed Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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206
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Recent insights on modulation of inflammasomes by adipokines: a critical event for the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolism-associated diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:997-1016. [PMID: 33078304 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant production of adipokines, a group of adipocytes-derived hormones, is considered one of the most important pathological characteristics of obesity. In individuals with obesity, beneficial adipokines, such as adiponectin are downregulated, whereas leptin and other pro-inflammatory adipokines are highly upregulated. Hence, the imbalance in levels of these adipokines is thought to promote the development of obesity-linked complications. However, the mechanisms by which adipokines contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases have not been clearly understood. Inflammasomes represent key signaling platform that triggers the inflammatory and immune responses through the processing of the interleukin family of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a caspase-1-dependent manner. Beyond their traditional function as a component of the innate immune system, inflammasomes have been recently integrated into the pathological process of multiple metabolism- and obesity-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Interestingly, emerging evidence also highlights the role of adipokines in the modulation of inflammasomes activation, making it a promising mechanism underlying distinct biological actions of adipokines in diseases driven by inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the effects of adipokines, in particular adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and apelin, on inflammasomes activation and their implications in the pathophysiology of obesity-linked complications.
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207
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Chen X, Zhang YS, Zhang X, Liu C. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for accelerating the evaluation of nanomedicine. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1012-1027. [PMID: 33102943 PMCID: PMC7566214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of engineered nanoscale materials in an extensive range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and can be applied to the treatment of many diseases. Despite the rapid progress and tremendous potential of nanomedicine in the past decades, the clinical translational process is still quite slow, owing to the difficulty in understanding, evaluating, and predicting nanomaterial behaviors within the complex environment of human beings. Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) techniques offer a promising way to resolve these challenges. Sophisticatedly designed Organ Chip enable in vitro simulation of the in vivo microenvironments, thus providing robust platforms for evaluating nanomedicine. Herein, we review recent developments and achievements in Organ Chip models for nanomedicine evaluations, categorized into seven broad sections based on the target organ systems: respiratory, digestive, lymphatic, excretory, nervous, and vascular, as well as coverage on applications relating to cancer. We conclude by providing our perspectives on the challenges and potential future directions for applications of Organ Chip in nanomedicine. Microfluidics-based organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) techniques offer a promising way to understand, evaluate, and predict nanomedicine behaviors within the complex environment. Organ Chip models for nanomedicine evaluations are categorized into seven broad sections based on the targeted body systems. Limitations, challenges, and perspectives of Organ Chip for accelerating the assessment of nanomedicine are discussed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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208
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Wen Y, Lambrecht J, Ju C, Tacke F. Hepatic macrophages in liver homeostasis and diseases-diversity, plasticity and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:45-56. [PMID: 33041338 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, which are key cellular components of the liver, have emerged as essential players in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury and repair processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. Upon liver injury, resident Kupffer cells (KCs) sense disturbances in homeostasis, interact with hepatic cell populations and release chemokines to recruit circulating leukocytes, including monocytes, which subsequently differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMϕs) in the liver. Both KCs and MoMϕs contribute to both the progression and resolution of tissue inflammation and injury in various liver diseases. The diversity of hepatic macrophage subsets and their plasticity explain their different functional responses in distinct liver diseases. In this review, we highlight novel findings regarding the origins and functions of hepatic macrophages and discuss the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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209
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Yan H, Zhong M, Yang J, Guo J, Yu J, Yang Y, Ma Z, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wu C, Dittmer U, Yang D, Lu M, Zhang E, Yan H. TLR5 activation in hepatocytes alleviates the functional suppression of intrahepatic CD8 + T cells. Immunology 2020; 161:325-344. [PMID: 32852795 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an immune-privileged organ with a tolerogenic environment for maintaining liver homeostasis. This hepatic tolerance limits the intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell response for eliminating infections. The tolerant microenvironment in the liver is orchestrated by liver-specific immunoregulatory cells that can be functionally regulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here, we report that flagellin, a key PAMP of gut bacteria, modulates the intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell response by activating the TLR5 signalling pathway of hepatocytes. We found that mice treated with Salmonella-derived recombinant flagellin (SF) by hydrodynamic injection had a significantly elevated IFN-γ production by the intrahepatic lymphocytes in 7 days after injection. This was correlated with a reduced immune suppressive effect of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) in comparison with that of PMHs from mock-injected control mice. In vitro co-culture of SF-treated PMHs with splenocytes revealed that hepatocyte-induced immune suppression is alleviated through activation of the TLR5 but not the NLRC4 signalling pathway, leading to improved activation and function of CD8+ T cells during anti-CD3 stimulation or antigen-specific activation. In an acute HBV replication mouse model established by co-administration of SF together with an HBV-replicating plasmid by hydrodynamic injection, SF significantly enhanced the intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell response against HBV surface antigen. Our results clearly showed that flagellin plays a role in modulating the intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell response by activating the TLR5 pathway in PMHs, which suggests a potential role for gut bacteria in regulating liver immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bali Zhao
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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210
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Lowe PP, Morel C, Ambade A, Iracheta-Vellve A, Kwiatkowski E, Satishchandran A, Furi I, Cho Y, Gyongyosi B, Catalano D, Lefebvre E, Fischer L, Seyedkazemi S, Schafer DP, Szabo G. Chronic alcohol-induced neuroinflammation involves CCR2/5-dependent peripheral macrophage infiltration and microglia alterations. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:296. [PMID: 33036616 PMCID: PMC7547498 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and behavioral alterations including addiction. Alcohol-induced neuroinflammation is characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (including TNFα, IL-1β, and CCL2) and microglial activation. We hypothesized chronic alcohol consumption results in peripheral immune cell infiltration to the CNS. Since chemotaxis through the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis is critical for macrophage recruitment peripherally and centrally, we further hypothesized that blockade of CCL2 signaling using the dual CCR2/5 inhibitor cenicriviroc (CVC) would prevent alcohol-induced CNS infiltration of peripheral macrophages and alter the neuroinflammatory state in the brain after chronic alcohol consumption. Methods C57BL/6J female mice were fed an isocaloric or 5% (v/v) ethanol Lieber DeCarli diet for 6 weeks. Some mice received daily injections of CVC. Microglia and infiltrating macrophages were characterized and quantified by flow cytometry and visualized using CX3CR1eGFP/+ CCR2RFP/+ reporter mice. The effect of ethanol and CVC treatment on the expression of inflammatory genes was evaluated in various regions of the brain, using a Nanostring nCounter inflammation panel. Microglia activation was analyzed by immunofluorescence. CVC-treated and untreated mice were presented with the two-bottle choice test. Results Chronic alcohol consumption induced microglia activation and peripheral macrophage infiltration in the CNS, particularly in the hippocampus. Treatment with CVC abrogated ethanol-induced recruitment of peripheral macrophages and partially reversed microglia activation. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory markers was upregulated by chronic alcohol consumption in various regions of the brain, including the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Inhibition of CCR2/5 decreased alcohol-mediated expression of inflammatory markers. Finally, microglia function was impaired by chronic alcohol consumption and restored by CVC treatment. CVC treatment did not change the ethanol consumption or preference of mice in the two-bottle choice test. Conclusions Together, our data establish that chronic alcohol consumption promotes the recruitment of peripheral macrophages into the CNS and microglia alterations through the CCR2/5 axis. Therefore, further exploration of the CCR2/5 axis as a modulator of neuroinflammation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of alcohol-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Morel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, ST-214B, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erica Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Istvan Furi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, ST-214B, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Benedek Gyongyosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, ST-214B, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, ST-214B, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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211
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212
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Li F, Zhao C, Shao T, Liu Y, Gu Z, Jiang M, Li H, Zhang L, Gillevet PM, Puri P, Deng ZB, Chen SY, Barve S, Gobejishvili L, Vatsalya V, McClain CJ, Feng W. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide alleviates alcoholic liver disease through inhibiting inflammasome activation. J Pathol 2020; 252:371-383. [PMID: 33245573 DOI: 10.1002/path.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with gut dysbiosis and hepatic inflammasome activation. While it is known that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in the regulation of bacterial homeostasis in ALD, the functional role of AMPs in the alcohol-induced inflammasome activation is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) on inflammasome activation in ALD. CRAMP knockout (Camp-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to binge-on-chronic alcohol feeding and synthetic CRAMP peptide was administered. Serum/plasma and hepatic tissue samples from human subjects with alcohol use disorder and/or alcoholic hepatitis were analyzed. CRAMP deficiency exacerbated ALD with enhanced inflammasome activation as shown by elevated serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels. Although Camp-/- mice had comparable serum endotoxin levels compared to WT mice after alcohol feeding, hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein (LBP) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 were increased. Serum levels of uric acid (UA), a Signal 2 molecule in inflammasome activation, were positively correlated with serum levels of IL-1β in alcohol use disorder patients with ALD and were increased in Camp-/- mice fed alcohol. In vitro studies showed that CRAMP peptide inhibited LPS binding to macrophages and inflammasome activation stimulated by a combination of LPS and UA. Synthetic CRAMP peptide administration decreased serum UA and IL-1β concentrations and rescued the liver from alcohol-induced damage in both WT and Camp-/- mice. In summary, CRAMP exhibited a protective role against binge-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver damage via regulation of inflammasome activation by decreasing LPS binding and UA production. CRAMP administration may represent a novel strategy for treating ALD. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, PR China
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zelin Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mengwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, PR China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Puneet Puri
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zhong-Bin Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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213
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Lozano-Ruiz B, González-Navajas JM. The Emerging Relevance of AIM2 in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186535. [PMID: 32906750 PMCID: PMC7555176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytosolic receptor that recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and triggers the activation of the inflammasome cascade. Activation of the inflammasome results in the maturation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-18, and a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Owing to the conserved nature of its ligand, AIM2 is important during immune recognition of multiple pathogens. Additionally, AIM2 is also capable of recognizing host DNA during cellular damage or stress, thereby contributing to sterile inflammatory diseases. Inflammation, either in response to pathogens or due to sterile cellular damage, is at the center of the most prevalent and life-threatening liver diseases. Therefore, during the last 15 years, the study of inflammasome activation in the liver has emerged as a new research area in hepatology. Here, we discuss the known functions of AIM2 in the pathogenesis of different hepatic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis B, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lozano-Ruiz
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. González-Navajas
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(965)-913-928
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214
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Zhou X, Fouda S, Li D, Zhang K, Ye JM. Involvement of the Autophagy-ER Stress Axis in High Fat/Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092626. [PMID: 32872238 PMCID: PMC7551457 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease that can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and even further to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. Overconsumption of high fat and/or carbohydrate are among the most common lifestyle factors that drive the development and progression of NAFLD. This review evaluates recent reports on the involvement of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we reveal a mechanism of an intrinsically linked axis of impaired autophagy and unresolved ER stress that mediates the development and progression of NAFLD resulting from the overconsumption of high fat and/or carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Sherouk Fouda
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (X.Z.); (D.L.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529040, China
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-7419; Fax: +61-3-9925-7178
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215
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Microbiota-Associated Therapy for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Liver Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175999. [PMID: 32825440 PMCID: PMC7504062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though advancement in medicine has contributed to the control of many diseases to date, cancer therapy continues to pose several challenges. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) etiology is multifactorial. Recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered as an important risk factor of HCC. NAFLD can be divided into non-alcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on histopathological features. Recently, studies have indicated that the gut microbiota is associated with NAFLD and HCC. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the effects of gut microbiota-related mechanisms, including dysbiosis and gut barrier function, and gut microbiota-derived metabolites on NAFLD and HCC pathogenesis and the potential therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and HCC. With a better understanding of the gut microbiota composition and function, new and improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for common liver diseases can be developed.
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216
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Zhang T, Li H, Wang K, Xu B, Chen ZN, Bian H. Deficiency of CD147 Attenuated Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression in an NLRP3-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:784. [PMID: 32903542 PMCID: PMC7438480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD147 overexpression has been reported to facilitate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and influence immunologic disorders. Although increased expression of CD147 was reported in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), functions of CD147 in NASH have not been evaluated. Firstly, we confirmed that CD147 expression was increased in the liver tissues from methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH model mice and NASH patients. Mice with hepatocyte-specific CD147 deletion exhibited attenuated NASH phenotypes, including reduced steatosis, liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 secretion. Following the administration of the MCD diet, NLRP3 expression was increased gradually along with CD147 expression. Furthermore, CD147 deletion inhibited the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in both MCD diet-induced mice and primary hepatocytes. Finally, CypA inhibitor TMN355 attenuated liver steatosis and injury and inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that CD147 played a vital role in NASH pathogenesis by regulating the inflammatory response, and CypA/CD147 could be attractive therapeutic targets for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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217
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Magusto J, Majdi A, Gautheron J. [Cell death mechanisms in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis]. Biol Aujourdhui 2020; 214:1-13. [PMID: 32773025 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Continuous cell death associated with inflammation is a key trigger of disease progression notably in chronic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Apoptosis has been studied as a potential target for reducing cell death in NASH. However, recent studies suggest that caspase inhibition is inefficient to treat NASH patients and may aggravate the disease by redirecting cells to alternative mechanisms of cell death. Alternative forms of lytic cell death have recently been identified and are known to induce strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilization. Therefore, controlling lytic cell death modes offers new opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention in NASH. This review summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and lytic cell death modes, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, and discusses their relevance in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Magusto
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Amine Majdi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 27 rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France - Institut de Cardiométabolisme et de Nutrition (ICAN), GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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218
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Hu J, Wang H, Li X, Liu Y, Mi Y, Kong H, Xi D, Yan W, Luo X, Ning Q, Wang X. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via interaction with TLR4, eliciting inflammation in macrophages and inducing hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Theranostics 2020; 10:9702-9720. [PMID: 32863955 PMCID: PMC7449923 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The functions of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) have been studied in many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, but the role of fgl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of fgl2 in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: Hepatic fgl2 expression was tested in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or NASH and controls. Wild-type and fgl2-/- C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish NASH models. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) stimulated with LPS or free fatty acids were used for the in vitro study. Results: In both humans and mice with NASH, macrophage accumulation was concomitant with significantly increased fgl2 expression in the liver. Fgl2 deficiency attenuated liver steatosis and inflammation in diet-induced murine models of NASH. In both liver tissues and BMDMs from NASH mice, fgl2 deficiency resulted in reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with levels in wild-type controls. Activation of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasomes was also suppressed upon fgl2 disruption. Moreover, lipogenic genes (Fasn and SREBP-2) were downregulated while lipolytic genes (PPAR and CPT1A) were upregulated in the livers of fgl2-/- NASH mice. Primary hepatocytes incubated with the medium collected from fgl2-/- BMDMs showed less fat deposition than those incubated with WT BMDMs. Furthermore, we discovered that fgl2 combined with TLR4 mediates the activation of the Myd88-dependent signaling pathway, which may contribute to inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders. Conclusions: These data suggest that fgl2 aggravates the progression of NASH through activation of NF-κB, p38-MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages, which consequently induces overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid metabolism disorders. An interaction of fgl2 and TLR4 may in part contribute to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Hu
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xitang Li
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Kong
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Xi
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department and institute of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department and institute of infectious diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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219
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Gautheron J, Gores GJ, Rodrigues CMP. Lytic cell death in metabolic liver disease. J Hepatol 2020; 73:394-408. [PMID: 32298766 PMCID: PMC7371520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is intrinsically associated with inflammatory liver disease and is pivotal in governing outcomes of metabolic liver disease. Different types of cell death may coexist as metabolic liver disease progresses to inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. In addition to apoptosis, lytic forms of hepatocellular death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis elicit strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilisation and release of cellular components, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells and activation of hepatic stellate cells. The control of liver cell death is of fundamental importance and presents novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention. This review summarises the underlying mechanism of distinct lytic cell death modes and their commonalities, discusses their relevance to metabolic liver diseases of different aetiologies, and acknowledges the limitations of current knowledge in the field. We focus on the role of hepatocyte necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease and other metabolic liver disorders, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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220
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Dasarathy S, Mitchell MC, Barton B, McClain CJ, Szabo G, Nagy LE, Radaeva S, McCullough AJ. Design and rationale of a multicenter defeat alcoholic steatohepatitis trial: (DASH) randomized clinical trial to treat alcohol-associated hepatitis. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 96:106094. [PMID: 32739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite high mortality of alcohol-associated hepatitis, there has been limited advancement in treatment strategies. Defeat Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (DASH) is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial whose primary objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel combination of 3 drugs targeting different perturbations in AH. METHODS Severe AH was diagnosed by liver biopsy or clinical and biochemical criteria and model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥ 20 stratified by MELD scores (20-25 and ≥ 26) and randomized to a combination of an interleukin receptor 1 antagonist, Anakinra(100 mg daily for 14 days) to suppress acute inflammation, pentoxifylline (400 mg three times a day for 28 days) to prevent hepatorenal syndrome, and zinc sulfate (220 mg orally once daily for 6 months) or the standard of care therapy including methylprednisolone 32 mg orally once daily for 28 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the unadjusted log-rank test of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for the two treatment groups at 180 days. RESULTS Between July 2012 to March 2018, 500 subjects with severe AH were screened of which 104 subjects were enrolled with MELD score of 25.6 ± 3.2 (20.0-35.0) in the investigational arm and 25.8 ± 4.5 (20.0-40.0) in the standard of care arm. Causes of screen failures included not meeting eligibility criteria (n = 347), declining to participate (n = 39), and other reasons (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Data from the DASH consortium studies will determine if a combination of drugs targeting multiple mechanisms of injury in the severe AH will improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Harvard Medical School & Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA
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221
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Chen Y, Lu Y, Pei C, Liang J, Ding P, Chen S, Hou SZ. Monotropein alleviates secondary liver injury in chronic colitis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173358. [PMID: 32710952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has reported that many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were contracted secondary liver injury. Monotropein (MON), an iridoid glycoside, is demonstrated to possess protective effects on acute colitis mice due to its anti-inflammatory activities. However, it was remained unknown whether MON could inhibit secondary liver injury caused by IBD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective roles and mechanisms of MON on secondary liver injury in chronic colitis mice model. In this study, 2% Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce mice model of chronic colitis. The results showed that MON attenuated DSS-induced hepatic pathological damage, liver parameters, infiltration of macrophages and cytokines levels. Furthermore, we found that MON attenuated liver injury through suppressing the activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and down-regulating the activity of NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome. All the data indicated that MON may be an effective therapeutic reagent to attenuate secondary liver injury induced by chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chaoying Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shao-Zhen Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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222
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Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145097. [PMID: 32707678 PMCID: PMC7404314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage of small bile ducts. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric complex of proteins that after activation with various stimuli initiates an inflammatory process. Increasing data obtained from animal studies implicate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays important roles in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. The multilineage immune response at various stages of PBC development includes the involvement of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of this disease. The role of Galectin-3 in the specific binding to NLRP3, and inflammasome activation in models of primary biliary cholangitis has been recently described. This review provides a brief pathogenesis of PBC and discusses the current knowledge about the role of Gal-3 in NLRP3 activation and PBC development.
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Shugan Jianpi Formula in Liver Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4780383. [PMID: 32617108 PMCID: PMC7306883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4780383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We explored the mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Formula (SGJPF) and its effective components for the treatment of liver fibrosis (LF). Materials and Methods We collected the active ingredients in SGJPF through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and screened the effective components by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Herb-associated target proteins were predicted and screened based on the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals databases. LF-associated target proteins were predicted and screened based on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® Database and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Common genes with LF and herbs were selected, and Cytoscape 3.5.1 software was used to construct an herb pathway and component-LF common target network. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins was used to build a protein-protein interaction, and quantitative PCR was used to verify the related target genes. Finally, clusterProfiler was applied for the analysis of Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Results The pharmacological network contained 252 active compounds (e.g., Astragaloside A, saikosaponin, linoleic acid, and Poria acid A), 84 common target genes, and 94 significant signaling pathways. Among them, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor protein 53 p53 (TP53), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), AKT1, IL-1β, and the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways were selected as the critical target gene and critical signal pathway, respectively. Conclusion The mechanisms of SGJPF in protecting against LF include the regulation of multiple targets such as IL-6, TP53, PTGS2, and AKT1. These target proteins affect LF through various signal transduction pathways.
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S-allylmercaptocysteine improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by enhancing AHR/NRF2-mediated drug metabolising enzymes and reducing NF-κB/IκBα and NLRP3/6-mediated inflammation. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:961-973. [PMID: 32556446 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the novel molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) based on a transcriptomic study in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rat model METHODS: NASH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding with a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. 200 mg/kg SAMC was fed by oral gavage for 4 weeks from 9 to 12 week. RESULTS SAMC co-administration attenuated HFD-induced liver injury, including the increased serum ALT, hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SAMC dramatically induced the XRE- and ARE-driven drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) including Akr7a3, Akr1b8, and Nqo1. The nuclear translocation of the upstream regulator of xenobiotics metabolism, AHR, and regulator of antioxidant responses, NRF2, were significantly increased by SAMC treatment. Furthermore, SAMC counteracted the effects of HFD on NF-κB/IκB and NLRP3/6 pathways with decreasing protein levels of ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β. These results were further verified in another mice NASH model induced by an MCD diet with SAMC co-administration. CONCLUSION We propose that SAMC triggers AHR/NRF2-mediated antioxidant responses which may further suppress the NLRP3/6 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB activation, contributing to the improvement of NASH.
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Baeza-Raja B, Goodyear A, Liu X, Lam K, Yamamoto L, Li Y, Dodson GS, Takeuchi T, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA, Dabbagh K. Pharmacological inhibition of P2RX7 ameliorates liver injury by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234038. [PMID: 32492075 PMCID: PMC7269334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) released by damaged cells, and its purinergic receptors, comprise a crucial signaling network after injury. Purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7), a major driver of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and IL-1β processing, has been shown to play a role in liver injury in murine diet- and chemically-induced liver injury models. It is unclear, however, whether P2RX7 plays a role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and which cell type is the main target of P2RX7 pharmacological inhibition. Here, we report that P2RX7 is expressed by infiltrating monocytes and resident Kupffer cells in livers from NASH-affected individuals. Using primary isolated human cells, we demonstrate that P2RX7 expression in CD14+ monocytes and Kupffer cells primarily mediates IL-1β release. In addition, we show that pharmacological inhibition of P2RX7 in monocytes and Kupffer cells, blocks IL-1β release, reducing hepatocyte caspase 3/7 activity, IL-1β-mediated CCL2 and CCL5 chemokine gene expression and secretion, and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) procollagen secretion. Consequently, in a chemically-induced nonhuman primate model of liver fibrosis, treatment with a P2RX7 inhibitor improved histological characteristics of NASH, protecting from liver inflammation and fibrosis. Taken together, these findings underscore the critical role of P2RX7 in the pathogenesis of NASH and implicate P2RX7 as a promising therapeutic target for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Baeza-Raja
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Goodyear
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lynn Yamamoto
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yingwu Li
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - G. Steven Dodson
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Toshi Takeuchi
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karim Dabbagh
- Second Genome Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Zhang S, Hou Y, Yang J, Xie D, Jiang L, Hu H, Hu J, Luo C, Zhang Q. Application of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and their drug-loading systems in acute liver failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7082-7093. [PMID: 32492261 PMCID: PMC7339207 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles released from stem cells of various origins that can regulate signal transduction pathways between liver cells, and their functions in intercellular communication have been recognized. Due to their natural substance transport properties and excellent biocompatibility, exosomes can also be used as drug carriers to release a variety of substances, which has great prospects in the treatment of critical and incurable diseases. Different types of stem cell exosomes have been used to study liver diseases. Due to current difficulties in the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF), this review will outline the potential of stem cell exosomes for ALF treatment. Specifically, we reviewed the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and the latest progress in the use of stem cell exosomes in the treatment of ALF, including the role of exosomes in inhibiting the ALF inflammatory response and regulating signal transduction pathways, the advantages of stem cell exosomes and their use as a drug‐loading system, and their pre‐clinical application in the treatment of ALF. Finally, the clinical research status of stem cell therapy for ALF and the current challenges of exosome clinical transformation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linrui Jiang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Hu
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caizhu Luo
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Office of Clinical Trial of Drug, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Deletion of Perilipin 5 Protects Against Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Missing Inflammasome Activation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061346. [PMID: 32481590 PMCID: PMC7348929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases with an increasing prevalence due to rising rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. Untreated NAFLD may progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately liver cirrhosis. NAFLD is characterized by lipid accumulation, and when sufficient excess lipids are obtained, irreversible liver injury may follow. Perilipin 5 (PLIN5), a known lipid droplet coating protein and triglyceride metabolism regulator, is highly expressed in oxidatively modified tissues but it is still unclear how it affects NAFLD/NASH progress. We here studied how PLIN5 affects NAFLD development induced by a 30-week high-fat diet (HFD) administration in wild type and PLIN5 knock out (Plin5−/−) mice. The disruption of PLIN5 induced differences in lipid metabolism during HFD feeding and was associated with reduced hepatic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, Plin5−/− mice showed mitigated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to minor hepatic damage. We conclude that PLIN5 is a pleiotropic regulator of hepatic homeostasis in NASH development. Targeting the PLIN5 expression appears critical for protecting the liver from inflammatory activation during chronic NAFLD.
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Saleh M, Taher M, Sohrabpour AA, Vaezi AA, Nasiri Toosi M, Kavianpour M, Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Verdi J. Perspective of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:71. [PMID: 32483484 PMCID: PMC7245988 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease and is determined by coagulopathy (with INR ≥ 1.5) and hepatic encephalopathy as a result of severe liver injury in patients without preexisting liver disease. Since there are problems with liver transplantation including lack of donors, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and high costs of this process, new therapeutic approaches alongside current treatments are needed. The placenta is a tissue that is normally discarded after childbirth. On the other hand, human placenta is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which is easily available, without moral problems, and its derived cells are less affected by age and environmental factors. Therefore, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) can be considered as an allogeneic source for liver disease. Considering the studies on MSCs and their effects on various diseases, it can be stated that MSCs are among the most important agents to be used for novel future therapies of liver diseases. In this paper, we will investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells through migration and immigration to the site of injury, cell-to-cell contact, immunomodulatory effects, and secretory factors in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Saleh
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher
- 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Sohrabpour
- 3Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Vaezi
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- 5Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Liver Transplantation Research Center Imam, Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dash S, Aydin Y, Wu T. Integrated stress response in hepatitis C promotes Nrf2-related chaperone-mediated autophagy: A novel mechanism for host-microbe survival and HCC development in liver cirrhosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:20-35. [PMID: 31386899 PMCID: PMC7007355 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) how liver damage during the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection evolve into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. HCV infects hepatocyte, the major cell types in the liver. During infection, large amounts of viral proteins and RNA replication intermediates accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the infected hepatocyte, which creates a substantial amount of stress response. Infected hepatocyte activates a different type of stress adaptive mechanisms such as unfolded protein response (UPR), antioxidant response (AR), and the integrated stress response (ISR) to promote virus-host cell survival. The hepatic stress is also amplified by another layer of innate and inflammatory response associated with cellular sensing of virus infection through the production of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines. The interplay between various types of cellular stress signal leads to different forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy depending on the intensity of the stress and nature of the adaptive cellular response. How do the adaptive cellular responses decode such death programs that promote host-microbe survival leading to the establishment of chronic liver disease? In this review, we discuss how the adaptive cellular response through the Nrf2 pathway that promotes virus and cell survival. Furthermore, we provide a glimpse of novel stress-induced Nrf2 mediated compensatory autophagy mechanisms in virus-cell survival that degrade tumor suppressor gene and activation of oncogenic signaling during HCV infection. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that the balance between hepatic stress, inflammation and different types of cell death determines liver disease progression outcomes. We propose that a more nuanced understanding of virus-host interactions under excessive cellular stress may provide an answer to the fundamental questions why some individuals with chronic HCV infection remain at risk of developing cirrhosis, cancer and some do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Yang G, Jang JH, Kim SW, Han SH, Ma KH, Jang JK, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Sweroside Prevents Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082790. [PMID: 32316419 PMCID: PMC7216241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a type of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is characterized as steatosis and inflammation in the liver. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with NASH pathology. We hypothesized that suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome could be effective in preventing NASH. We searched substances that could inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and identified sweroside as an NLRP3 inhibitor. We investigated whether sweroside can be applied to prevent the pathological symptoms associated with NASH in a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mouse model. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was determined by detecting the production of caspase-1 and IL-1β from pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β in primary mouse macrophages and mouse liver. In a NASH model, mice were fed an MCD diet for two weeks with daily intraperitoneal injections of sweroside. Sweroside effectively inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary macrophages as shown by a decrease in IL-1β and caspase-1 production. In a MCD diet-induced NASH mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of sweroside significantly reduced serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels, hepatic immune cell infiltration, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, and liver fibrosis. The improvement of NASH symptoms by sweroside was accompanied with its inhibitory effects on the hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome as hepatic IL-1β and caspase-1 were decreased. Furthermore, sweroside blocked de novo synthesis of mitochondrial DNA in the liver, contributing to suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These results suggest that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome with sweroside could be beneficially employed to improve NASH symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabsik Yang
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk 55338, Korea
| | - Joo Hyeon Jang
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Sung Wook Kim
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (K.-H.M.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Ma
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (K.-H.M.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Jae-Ki Jang
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung 27709, Korea; (S.-H.H.); (K.-H.M.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21plus Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (G.Y.); (J.H.J.); (S.W.K.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4095; Fax: +82-2-2164-4059
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231
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Inflammation Alters the Secretome and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040914. [PMID: 32276503 PMCID: PMC7226778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin-derived precursors (SKP) represent a group of somatic stem/precursor cells that reside in dermal skin throughout life that harbor clinical potential. SKP have a high self-renewal capacity, the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types and low immunogenicity, rendering them key candidates for allogeneic cell-based, off-the-shelf therapy. However, potential clinical application of allogeneic SKP requires that these cells retain their therapeutic properties under all circumstances and, in particular, in the presence of an inflammation state. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of pro-inflammatory stimulation on the secretome and immunosuppressive properties of SKP. We demonstrated that pro-inflammatory stimulation of SKP significantly changes their expression and the secretion profile of chemo/cytokines and growth factors. Most importantly, we observed that pro-inflammatory stimulated SKP were still able to suppress the graft-versus-host response when cotransplanted with human PBMC in severe-combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, albeit to a much lesser extent than unstimulated SKP. Altogether, this study demonstrates that an inflammatory microenvironment has a significant impact on the immunological properties of SKP. These alterations need to be taken into account when developing allogeneic SKP-based therapies.
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232
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Zhang C, Jin H, Wang Y, Li C, Zhao X, Li Y, Shi W, Tian Y, Xu H, Tian D, Liu K, Jia J, Sun G, Zhang D. Critical role of OX40 in drug-induced acute liver injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3183-3196. [PMID: 32133635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The innate and adaptive immune systems both play important roles in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immunity in DILI is largely unknown. Extensive crosstalk is likely mandated by co-stimulatory interactions between these immune systems. OX40 is a co-stimulatory molecule, but whether it regulates the intrahepatic immune response in DILI remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute liver injury was induced by paracetamol (acetaminophen), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and d-galactosamine/LPS (GalN/LPS) in wild-type (WT) and Ox40 knockout (KO) mice, and disease progress was compared. KEY RESULTS Plasma OX40 levels were significantly increased and were augmented in intrahepatic CD4+ T cells after paracetamol, CCl4 , or GalN/LPS administration. Liver injury in Ox40-deficient mice was attenuated compared with that in WT mice. Compared with WT mice, hepatic infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells and macrophages in Ox40 KO mice was reduced. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Ox40 KO-CD4+ T cells to Rag1-/- mice resulted in alleviated liver injury compared with WT-CD4+ T-cell transfer, with reduced liver infiltration of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, OX40/Fc stimulation in vitro revealed that soluble OX40 enhanced the biological function of murine macrophages, including up-regulation of genes associated with inflammation and tissue infiltration. Finally, soluble OX40 levels were significantly elevated in DILI patients compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OX40 is a key molecule that promotes both pro-inflammatory macrophage and CD4+ T-cell function, exacerbating paracetamol-induced liver injury. OX40 could serve as a diagnostic index and therapeutic target of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpan Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Li
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmeng Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shi
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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233
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Avila MA, Dufour JF, Gerbes AL, Zoulim F, Bataller R, Burra P, Cortez-Pinto H, Gao B, Gilmore I, Mathurin P, Moreno C, Poznyak V, Schnabl B, Szabo G, Thiele M, Thursz MR. Recent advances in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): summary of a Gut round table meeting. Gut 2020; 69:764-780. [PMID: 31879281 PMCID: PMC7236084 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), which includes a range of disorders of different severity and is one of the most prevalent types of liver disease worldwide, has recently regained increased attention. Among other reasons, the realisation that any alcohol intake, regardless of type of beverage represents a health risk, and the new therapeutic strategies tested in recently published or undergoing clinical trials spur scientific interest in this area.In April 2019, Gut convened a round table panel of experts during the European Association for the Study of the Liver International Liver Congress in Vienna to discuss critical and up-to-date issues and clinical trial data regarding ALD, its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, pathomechanisms, possible future treatments and prevention. This paper summarises the discussion and its conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A Avila
- Hepatology, CIBERehd, IdiSNA, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research and University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Gerbes
- Liver Centre Munich, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Hepatology Department, INSERM U1052, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Research Centerl of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, CHLN, Laboratorio de Nutriçao, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Gilmore
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, INSERM U795, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatopancréatologie et Oncologie Digestive, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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234
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Wang Q, Ou Y, Hu G, Wen C, Yue S, Chen C, Xu L, Xie J, Dai H, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Qi R. Naringenin attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by down-regulating the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1806-1821. [PMID: 31758699 PMCID: PMC7070172 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Naringenin, a flavonoid compound with strong anti-inflammatory activity, attenuated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this suppression of inflammation and NAFLD remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH WT and NLRP3-/- mice were fed with MCD diet for 7 days to induce NAFLD and were given naringenin by gavage at the same time. in vitro experiments used HepG2 cells, primary hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells (KCs) stimulated by LPS or LPS plus oleic acid (OA). KEY RESULTS Treating WT mice with naringenin (100 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the livers of mice given the MCD diet. NLRP3-/- mice showed less hepatic lipid accumulation than WT mice, but naringenin did not ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation further in NLRP3-/- mice. Treating the HepG2 cells with naringenin or NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 reduced lipid accumulation. Naringenin inhibited activation of the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway stimulated by OA together with LPS. In KCs isolated from WT mice, naringenin inhibited NLRP3 expression. Naringenin also inhibited lipid deposition, NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in WT hepatocytes but was not effective in NLRP3-/- hepatocytes. After re-expressing NLRP3 in NLRP3-/- hepatocytes by adenovirus, the anti-lipid deposition effect of naringenin was restored. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Naringenin prevented NAFLD via down-regulating the NLRP3/NF-κB signalling pathway both in KCs and in hepatocytes, thus attenuating inflammation in the mice livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yangjie Ou
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Cong Wen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Shanshan Yue
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
| | - Cong Chen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lu Xu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiawei Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory PeptidesPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular SciencesPeking UniversityMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery SystemsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Basic Medical ScienceShihezi UniversityShiheziChina
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235
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Velázquez-Miranda E, Molina-Aguilar C, González-Gallardo A, Vázquez-Martínez O, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Increased Purinergic Responses Dependent on P2Y2 Receptors in Hepatocytes from CCl 4-Treated Fibrotic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072305. [PMID: 32225112 PMCID: PMC7177255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and wound healing responses take place during liver damage, primarily in the parenchymal tissue. It is known that cellular injury elicits an activation of the purinergic signaling, mainly by the P2X7 receptor; however, the role of P2Y receptors in the onset of liver pathology such as fibrosis has not been explored. Hence, we used mice treated with the hepatotoxin CCl4 to implement a reversible model of liver fibrosis to evaluate the expression and function of the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R). Fibrotic livers showed an enhanced expression of P2Y2R that eliminated its zonal distribution. Hepatocytes from CCl4-treated mice showed an exacerbated ERK-phosphorylated response to the P2Y2R-specific agonist, UTP. Cell proliferation was also enhanced in the fibrotic livers. Hepatic transcriptional analysis by microarrays, upon CCl4 administration, showed that P2Y2 activation regulated diverse pathways, revealing complex action mechanisms. In conclusion, our data indicate that P2Y2R activation is involved in the onset of the fibrotic damage associated with the reversible phase of the hepatic damage promoted by CCl4.
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236
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Zhao J, O'Neil M, Schonfeld M, Komatz A, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Hepatocellular Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Suppresses Alcohol-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Formation by Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:790-808. [PMID: 32490317 PMCID: PMC7262284 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanisms by which alcohol promotes liver cancer are not well understood. Studies suggest that ethanol may enhance tumor progression by increasing hepatocyte proliferation and through alcohol-induced liver inflammation. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the main enzyme responsible for cellular arginine methylation. Asymmetric dimethyl arginine, produced by PRMT1, is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases. PRMT1 is implicated in the development of several types of tumors and cardiovascular disease. Our previous work has shown that PRMT1 in the liver regulates hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress and protects from alcohol-induced liver injury. However, its role in HCC development remains controversial. In this study, we found that hepatocyte-specific PRMT1-knockout mice develop an increased number of tumors in an N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) alcohol model of liver tumorigenesis in mice. This effect was specific to the alcohol-related component because wild-type and knockout mice developed similar tumor numbers in the DEN model without the addition of alcohol. We found that in the presence of alcohol, the increase in tumor number was associated with increased proliferation in liver and tumor, increased WNT/β-catenin signaling, and increased inflammation. We hypothesized that increased inflammation was due to increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in knockout mice. By blocking excess nitric oxide production using an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, we reduced hepatocyte death and inflammation in the liver and prevented the increase in WNT/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and tumor number in livers of knockout mice. Conclusion: PRMT1 is an important protection factor from alcohol-induced liver injury, inflammation, and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Maura O'Neil
- Department of Pathology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Amberly Komatz
- Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS.,Liver Center University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS
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237
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Mai W, Xu Y, Xu J, Zhao D, Ye L, Yu G, Wang Z, Lu Q, Lin J, Yang T, Gu C, Liu S, Zhong Y, Yang H. Berberine Inhibits Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via the ROS/TXNIP Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32194416 PMCID: PMC7063468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid originating from herbal plants, has been deemed beneficial for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and the subsequent pyroptosis contribute to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, whether BBR impacts NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in NASH and the potential mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we found that BBR significantly decreased lipid accumulation, ameliorated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression, and phosphorylation of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 both in vivo and in vitro. In particular, BBR significantly inhibited NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activity, and the pyroptosis executor, GSDMD-N, expression. In addition, BBR displayed similar inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis with a decrease in ROS levels and TXNIP expression as N-acetyl-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, did. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of BBR on ROS, TXNIP expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis could be reversed by H2O2 in AML12 cells. This study demonstrates that BBR's inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis may be mediated by ROS/TXNIP axis in vitro for the first time. Our findings suggest BBR is a potential candidate for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Mai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangying Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganxiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianting Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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238
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Tan X, Sun Z, Ye C. Dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts supplementation improved immunity and intestinal morphology, antioxidant ability and tight junction proteins mRNA expression of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:611-618. [PMID: 31533081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For many years, Ginkgo biloba has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) supplementation on immune response, intestinal morphology, antioxidant ability and tight junction proteins mRNA expression of hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets. Basal diets supplemented with GBLE at 0, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 10.00 g/kg were fed to hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. The study showed that dietary GBLE supplementation significantly improved immune ability by increasing plasma complement 3, complement 4 and Immunoglobulin M content. Dietary supplementation of 0.50-2.00 g/kg GBLE improved intestinal morphology and increased the expression of zonula occludens 1, zonula occludens 2, zonula occludens 3, occludin and claudin 3a. Dietary supplementation of 0.50-2.00 g/kg GBLE improved antioxidant ability by increasing activities and expressions of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, suppressed inflammatory by increasing expression of interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1 and target of rapamycin, and decreased apoptotic responses by reducing the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 in the intestine of hybrid grouper fed high lipid diets. This study indicated that dietary GBLE supplementation was clearly beneficial for intestinal health and immunity in hybrid groupers fed high lipid diets and it could be used as a functional feed additive in aquaculture to promote the application of high lipid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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239
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Horn P, Newsome PN. Emerging therapeutic targets for NASH: key innovations at the preclinical level. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:175-186. [PMID: 32053033 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1728742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a globally emerging health problem, mainly caused by increasing trends in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Patients with NASH are mainly affected by cardiovascular risk and extrahepatic cancer, but a significant proportion of patients will develop advanced liver disease, eventually resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent research has yielded a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential targetability for drug development.Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of fructose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and platelets in the pathophysiology of NASH. We discuss the suitability of these substrates for targeting liver disease as well as cardiovascular health in patients with NASH. A non-systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.Expert opinion: Targeting fructose metabolism, DNL, ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, BMP signaling and platelets are promising therapeutic strategies, warranting further preclinical and clinical investigation. The discussed approaches might not only benefit liver-related outcomes but improve cardiovascular disease as well. Amidst the euphoria of advances in drug development for NASH, parallel endeavors need to address the underlying causes of obesity and metabolic syndrome to prevent NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Horn
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phlip N Newsome
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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240
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Fu X, Qie J, Fu Q, Chen J, Jin Y, Ding Z. miR-20a-5p/TGFBR2 Axis Affects Pro-inflammatory Macrophages and Aggravates Liver Fibrosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:107. [PMID: 32117757 PMCID: PMC7031347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined inhibition of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) displayed additive anti-tumor response in a subgroup of cancer patients, highlighting the importance of understanding the multifaceted roles of TGF-β in immunity and fibrosis. In the present research, we show that TGF-β signaling pathway, controlled by miR-20a-5p and transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2), alters the inflammation and fibrosis processes in liver. We performed integrated analysis of differently expressed miRNA (DEM) associated with liver fibrosis and screened miR-20a-5p out as a key regulator in inflammation-driven liver fibrosis. We subsequently conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the genes targeted by miR-20a-5p. And the result showed that 12 target genes were significantly enriched in TGF-β signaling pathway. Further study showed that miR-20a-5p was down-regulated and involved in inflammation during liver fibrosis in human and mouse samples, indicating that miR-20a-5p and inflammation are functionally linked during liver fibrosis progression. To uncover the underlying pro-inflammatory mechanism of miR-20a-5p in liver fibrosis, we selected and verified TGFBR2, which is a key functional receptor in TGF-β signaling pathway, as a direct target gene of miR-20a-5p. The downregulation of miR-20a-5p in liver fibrosis resulted in TGFBR2-activated TGF-β signaling pathway, followed by the activation of macrophage and extracellular matrix (ECM) production by hepatic stellate cell (HSC). Our results identify the miR-20a-5p/TGFBR2 axis as a key regulator of TGF-β signaling, and highlight the critical role of miR-20a-5p in the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiutao Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbo Qie
- Minhang Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafeng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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241
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Wang F, Gong S, Wang T, Li L, Luo H, Wang J, Huang C, Zhou H, Chen G, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Chen P. Soyasaponin II protects against acute liver failure through diminishing YB-1 phosphorylation and Nlrp3-inflammasome priming in mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:2714-2726. [PMID: 32194830 PMCID: PMC7052911 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is characterized by the rapid development of liver dysfunction and remarkably high mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that soyasaponin possesses potential anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of soyasaponin II in acute liver failure and establish the underlying mechanism. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/GalN) was employed to induce acute liver failure. We applied liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to characterize the changes of soyasaponin II levels in the cecal content and liver. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis were used to evaluate the functional molecule mediated by soyasaponin II in macrophages. Results: LPS/GalN administration markedly decreased fecal and hepatic soyasaponin II levels. Soyasaponin II treatment protected mice against LPS/GalN induced acute liver injury. Additionally, soyasaponin II markedly diminished Y-Box Binding Protein 1 (YB-1) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, Nlrp3 inflammasome priming, and interleukin 1β (Il-1β) production in macrophages. Phosphorylated YB-1 could activate Nlrp3 mRNA transcription by binding the promoter region. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis showed elevated p-YB-1 nuclear translocation in macrophages of acute liver failure patients compared to controls. Conclusion: Our data shows that soyasaponin II which serves as a novel inhibitor for YB-1 phosphorylation and Nlrp3 inflammasome priming could protect mice against LPS/GalN induced acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenhai Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiming Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanguo Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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242
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Real-Sandoval SA, Gutiérrez-López GF, Domínguez-López A, Paniagua-Castro N, Michicotl-Meneses MM, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Downregulation of proinflammatory liver gene expression by Justicia spicigera and kaempferitrin in a murine model of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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243
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Abstract
In the past decade, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, as well as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver lesions, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Although steatosis is often harmless, the lobular inflammation that characterizes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a driving force in the progression of NAFLD. The current view is that innate immune mechanisms represent a key element in supporting hepatic inflammation in NASH. However, increasing evidence points to the role of adaptive immunity as an additional factor promoting liver inflammation. This Review discusses data regarding the role of B cells and T cells in sustaining the progression of NASH to fibrosis and HCC, along with the findings that antigens originating from oxidative stress act as a trigger for immune responses. We also highlight the mechanisms affecting liver immune tolerance in the setting of steatohepatitis that favour lymphocyte activation. Finally, we analyse emerging evidence concerning the possible application of immune modulating treatments in NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuele Albano
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
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244
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Ahn JH, Cho YS, Cho GC. Elevated procalcitonin levels in patients with acetaminophen intoxication: two case reports: A CARE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18882. [PMID: 32049787 PMCID: PMC7035086 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Procalcitonin (PCT) is used as a biomarker for identifying the occurrence of sepsis. Previous studies have reported high levels of PCT with acetaminophen intoxication without evidence of infection. Here, we report two patients with acetaminophen intoxication with high levels of PCT without showing any symptoms of bacterial infection. PATIENT CONCERNS This case study examined two unrelated patients with acetaminophen intoxication admitted to emergency at different times. The first patient was admitted to the emergency department after ingesting approximately 8000 mg (153.8 mg/kg) of acetaminophen. On admission, C-reactive protein (CRP), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were normal. PCT and acetaminophen levels were 31.89 ng/mL and below 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. The second patient was admitted to the emergency department 8 h after ingesting ∼23,600 mg (280.6 mg/kg) of acetaminophen. By the second day of admission, GOT and GPT increased to 2508 and 1473 IU/L, respectively. PCT was 45.66 ng/mL with acetaminophen level at 116.9 μg/mL. Both patients were clear of symptoms associated with bacterial infection. DIAGNOSIS Acetaminophen intoxication. INTERVENTIONS N-acetylcysteine was given intravenously to both patients for 20 h per protocol. OUTCOMES Both patients were discharged without complications. LESSONS Observations suggests that elevated levels of PCT in patients intoxicated with acetaminophen may be associated with involvement of other organs impacted by cytokine stimuli from sterile inflammation resulting from hepatic damage rather than PCT secretion directly caused by hepatic cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | - Young Suk Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Chong Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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245
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Roderburg C, Wree A, Demir M, Schmelzle M, Tacke F. The role of the innate immune system in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2020; 7:HEP17. [PMID: 32273975 PMCID: PMC7137177 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Most patients present with advanced or metastatic HCC at diagnosis and face a dismal prognosis. Tyrosine kinases are the gold standard treatment for this disease but yield limited survival benefits. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that augment adaptive immunity have been tested in HCC. Complex interactions between tumor cells, lymphocytes and the tumor environment determine the efficacy of such immunotherapies. Innate immune mechanisms – known drivers of liver disease progression in pre-HCC conditions such as fibrosis or cirrhosis – may either support or counteract tumor-related immune activation. In this review, we will highlight current concepts of the role of the innate immune system in hepatocarcinogenesis and discuss their relevance for translation into clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger, Platz 1 13353, Berlin
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger, Platz 1 13353, Berlin
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger, Platz 1 13353, Berlin
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of Surgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger, Platz 1 13353, Berlin
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger, Platz 1 13353, Berlin
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246
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Lowe PP, Cho Y, Tornai D, Coban S, Catalano D, Szabo G. Inhibition of the Inflammasome Signaling Cascade Reduces Alcohol Consumption in Female But Not Male Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:567-578. [PMID: 31854009 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a significant societal and medical burden that is associated with both organ pathology and addiction. Excessive alcohol use results in neuroinflammation characterized by activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex, and IL-1β increase in the brain. Recent studies suggest that inflammation could contribute to alcohol addiction. Here, we targeted components of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome cascade, which senses and responds to immunologic stimuli, to determine whether NLRP3 inhibition modulates alcohol consumption. METHODS C57BL/6J male and female mice were provided a 2-bottle choice of alcohol at increasing concentrations (3, 6, 9, and 12%, 4 days each) or water, and some were treated with daily injections of an NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), a caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; anakinra), or vehicle injection. RESULTS Treatment with VX765, MCC950, and IL-1ra significantly reduced alcohol consumption and preference in female mice (p < 0.05). Treatment with MCC950 and IL-1ra reduced alcohol consumption, while IL-1ra reduced alcohol preference in male mice (p < 0.05). VX765 did not affect alcohol consumption or preference in male mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight gender differences in alcohol preference and demonstrate that inhibition of different steps in inflammasome signaling can reduce alcohol consumption in females. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammasome-IL-1β cascade opens novel insights into the development of new therapies to address alcohol use disorder in an era of targeted and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Lowe
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, (YC, DT, GS), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Tornai
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, (YC, DT, GS), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sahin Coban
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Donna Catalano
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- From the, Department of Medicine, (PPL, YC, DT, SC, DC, GS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, (YC, DT, GS), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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247
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Wang H, Liu R. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:19-22. [PMID: 31634420 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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248
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GSDMD membrane pore is critical for IL-1β release and antagonizing IL-1β by hepatocyte-specific nanobiologics is a promising therapeutics for murine alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomaterials 2020; 227:119570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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249
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Marjot T, Moolla A, Cobbold JF, Hodson L, Tomlinson JW. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: Current Concepts in Etiology, Outcomes, and Management. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5601173. [PMID: 31629366 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of disease, extending from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis with a significant risk for the development of cirrhosis. It is highly prevalent and is associated with significant adverse outcomes both through liver-specific morbidity and mortality but, perhaps more important, through adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. It is closely associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and both of these conditions drive progressive disease toward the more advanced stages. The mechanisms that govern hepatic lipid accumulation and the predisposition to inflammation and fibrosis are still not fully understood but reflect a complex interplay between metabolic target tissues including adipose and skeletal muscle, and immune and inflammatory cells. The ability to make an accurate assessment of disease stage (that relates to clinical outcome) can also be challenging. While liver biopsy is still regarded as the gold-standard investigative tool, there is an extensive literature on the search for novel noninvasive biomarkers and imaging modalities that aim to accurately reflect the stage of underlying disease. Finally, although no therapies are currently licensed for the treatment of NAFLD, there are interventions that appear to have proven efficacy in randomized controlled trials as well as an extensive emerging therapeutic landscape of new agents that target many of the fundamental pathophysiological processes that drive NAFLD. It is highly likely that over the next few years, new treatments with a specific license for the treatment of NAFLD will become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Moolla
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy F Cobbold
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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250
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Wang Z, Ma C, Shang Y, Yang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Ren C, Liu J, Fan G, Liu J. Simultaneous co-assembly of fenofibrate and ketoprofen peptide for the dual-targeted treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4922-4925. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An ingenious co-assembled nanosystem based on fenofibrate and ketoprofen peptide for the dual-targeted treatment of NAFLD by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses.
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