201
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The Interrelation between Interleukin-2 and Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091154. [PMID: 36138890 PMCID: PMC9496814 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth factor that regulates T-cell autocrine secretion and has long been considered to be closely related to immune response. With the advance in neuroinflammation theory and immunology research on schizophrenia, it is interesting and meaningful to discuss the possible role of IL-2 in schizophrenia. Here, we reviewed a series of studies published from the 1990s and found that IL-2 was closely associated with schizophrenia. For example, IL-2 is responsible for mediating toxic reactions, which are the causes of schizophrenia symptoms in patients, and such symptoms resolve after discontinuation of the drug. In addition, we focused on the changes of IL-2 in the onset, progression and treatment of schizophrenia and the possible mechanisms by which IL-2 affects schizophrenia. Our review suggests that IL-2 is associated with schizophrenia and plays a role in its pathogenesis, and progression IL-2 and sIL-2R could serve as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia.
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202
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Yigit A, Kuscu B, Kirik A, Ozcaglayan R, Afsar CU. New Biomarkers and Immunotherapy Decision. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As immune checkpoint blockade and other immune-based therapy
approaches lead to broad treatment advances among patients with advanced cancer, an
important consideration is how to best select patients whose tumors will respond to
these therapies. As a consequence predictive and prognostic markers are needed. There
are genomic features, such as tumour mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability
(MSI), and immune phenotype features, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1),
CTLA-4 and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), to predict response to
immunotherapies (ITs). Several studies show the correlation between TMB and
predicted neoantigen load across multiple cancer types. Response to immune
checkpoint inhibitors is higher in tumours with high TMB. The candidate biomarker
that has been studied mostly other than TMB is PD-L1 expression in trials utilizing
programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade. PD-L1 and PD-1 expression are dynamic
markers that change in relation to local cytokines and other factors, and the thresholds
that separate “positive” and “negative” PD-L1 expressions remain under debate. PD-L1
expression is now a routine diagnostic marker for patients with newly diagnosed
NSCLC. The potential applicability of PD-L1 in other disease settings is still uncertain.
Microsatellite instability is characterised by high rates of alterations to repetitive DNA
sequences caused by impaired mismatch repair (MMR); MSI was the biomarker was
approved according to tumor's initial location. Combining TMB with specific genomic
alterations is crucial. Moreover, new biomarkers are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Yigit
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Canakkale 18 Mart University Medical Faculty, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Berkay Kuscu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Ali Kirik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Ruhsen Ozcaglayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir,Turkey
| | - Cigdem Usul Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Istinye University Medical Faculty, İstinye Üniversitesi Topkapı Kampüsü, Istanbul 34010,Turkey
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203
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BAP31 affects macrophage polarization through regulating helper T cells activation. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:843-855. [PMID: 36018529 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that B cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) is a positive regulator on T-cells activation. Helper T cells [cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T cells] can regulate macrophage activation in adaptive immune response against pathogens. In this study, we elucidate that M1 and M2 macrophages polarization is significantly suppressed in Lck Cre-BAP31flox/flox mice or the co-culture system of CD4+ T cells from Lck Cre-BAP31flox/flox mice and macrophages from WT mice. It means that BAP31 may affect the regulation of CD4+ T cells on macrophages. Further studies suggest that BAP31 deficiency significantly reduce the expressions of T helper 1 (Th1)/ Th2/ Th17/ Th9/ Th22/ Treg cells-related cytokines and transcription factors. The inhibition of macrophages activation caused by BAP31 knockdown is due to the reduction of IFN-γ and IL-4 secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells. BAP31 also affects the levels of early activation markers (CD69 and CD25) of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, BAP31 deficiency downregulates the expression of TCRαβ-CD3 complex, and the adaptor proteins p-Zap70, p-Lck, and p-Lat in TCR signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that BAP31 deficiency inhibits TCR/CD3-mediated activation in CD4+ T cells and adversely affects macrophages polarization. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the study of BAP31 in immunotherapy.
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204
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Yang G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhu Y. Forsythiaside A Improves the Inhibitory Efficiency of Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169390. [PMID: 36012654 PMCID: PMC9409473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a critical animal pathogen that leads to cattle production losses associated with acute disease, immune dysregulation, reproductive failure, and respiratory disease. Due to the monotonous control technique and neglect of BVDV, increasing prevalence of BVDV has caused significant economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Therefore, novel anti-BVDV drugs are essential to prevent and control BVDV. Our previous studies have found that Forsythoside A (FTA) could inhibit the replication of BVDV via TRAF2-dependent CD28-4-1BB signaling in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether they can directly inhibit the BVDV remains unclear. Here, we further investigated the effects of FTA on BVDV and its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that FTA significantly inhibited the replication of BVDV in the MDBK cell directly. The results demonstrated that FTA could reduce the functional activation of Caspase-1 to inhibit the inflammatory response caused by BVDV infection and increase the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) to clear the virus in vitro. The animal experiment was performed to evaluate the antiviral effect of FTA in vivo. Notably, after challenged with BVDV, mice with FTA + Erns-E2 protein displayed alleviated pathological damage and decreased the viral load in the spleen compared with mice inoculated with Erns-E2 protein. Furthermore, treatment with FTA enhanced body defense and delayed infection by the BVDV. Our results reveal that FTA suppresses BVDV replication both in vitro and in vivo and therefore shows promise as an anti-BVDV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
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205
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Chen C, Yin Y, Shi G, Zhou Y, Shao S, Wei Y, Wu L, Zhang D, Sun L, Zhang T. A highly selective JAK3 inhibitor is developed for treating rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing γc cytokine-related JAK-STAT signal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4363. [PMID: 35984890 PMCID: PMC9390995 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) play a critical role in immune responses by relaying signals from more than 50 cytokines, making them attractive therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Although approved JAK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they target a broad spectrum of cytokines, which results in side effects. Therefore, next-generation inhibitors maintain efficacy, while sparing adverse events need to be developed. Among members of the JAK family, JAK3 only regulates a narrow spectrum of γc cytokines and becomes a potentially ideal target. Here, a highly JAK3-selective inhibitor Z583 is developed, which showed a potent inhibition of JAK3 with an IC50 of 0.1 nM and exhibited a 4500-fold selectivity for JAK3 than other JAK subtypes. Furthermore, Z583 completely inhibited the γc cytokine signaling and sufficiently blocked the development of inflammatory response in RA model, while sparing hematopoiesis. Collectively, the highly selective JAK3 inhibitor Z583 is a promising candidate with significant therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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206
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Carmenate T, Montalvo G, Lozada SL, Rodriguez Y, Ortiz Y, Díaz C, Avellanet J, Kim J, Surh CD, Graça L, León K. The antitumor effect induced by an IL-2 ‘no-alpha’ mutein depends on changes in the CD8+ T lymphocyte/Treg cell balance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974188. [PMID: 36059465 PMCID: PMC9428827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High doses of interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been used for the treatment of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but this therapy has limited efficacy, with a ~15% response rate. Remarkably, 7%–9% of patients achieve complete or long-lasting responses. Many patients treated with IL-2 experienced an expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), specifically the expansion of ICOS+ highly suppressive Tregs, which correlate with worse clinical outcomes. This partial efficacy together with the high toxicity associated with the therapy has limited the use of IL-2-based therapy. Taking into account the understanding of IL-2 structure, signaling, and in vivo functions, some efforts to improve the cytokine properties are currently under study. In previous work, we described an IL-2 mutein with higher antitumor activity and less toxicity than wtIL-2. Mutein was in silico designed for losing the binding capacity to CD25 and for preferential stimulation of effector cells CD8+ and NK cells but not Tregs. Mutein induces a higher anti-metastatic effect than wtIL-2, but the extent of the in vivo antitumor activity was still unexplored. In this work, it is shown that mutein induces a strong antitumor effect on four primary tumor models, being effective even in those models where wtIL-2 does not work. Furthermore, mutein can change the in vivo balance between Tregs and T CD8+ memory/activated cells toward immune activation, in both healthy and tumor-bearing mice. This change reaches the tumor microenvironment and seems to be the major explanation for mutein efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Carmenate
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Tania Carmenate,
| | - Galia Montalvo
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sum Lai Lozada
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaretnis Rodriguez
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yaquelin Ortiz
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Claudia Díaz
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Janet Avellanet
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
| | - Juhee Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science 12 and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science 12 and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Luis Graça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medici na da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kalet León
- Immune Regulation Department, Centro de Inmunología Molecular, Havana, Cuba
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207
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Kung YJ, Lam B, Tseng SH, MacDonald A, Tu HF, Wang S, Lin J, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Hung CF. Localization of Salmonella and albumin-IL-2 to the tumor microenvironment augments anticancer T cell immunity. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:57. [PMID: 35962391 PMCID: PMC9373295 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For centuries, microbial-based agents have been investigated as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. In theory, these methods would be cheap to produce, broadly applicable in a wide array of cancer types, and could synergize with other cancer treatment strategies. We aimed to assess the efficacy of combining microbial-based therapy using Salmonella SL7207 with interleukin-2 (IL-2), a potent immunostimulatory agent, in the treatment of murine colon carcinoma. Methods Female BALB/c mice were implanted subcutaneously with CT26 tumors, a model of colon carcinoma. Mice bearing tumors were selected and administered Albumin-IL-2 (Alb-IL2), a fusion protein, for further analysis of anticancer effect. Results We demonstrated that Salmonella SL7207, a genetically modified strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, preferentially accumulates in the tumor microenvironment, potentiating it to stimulate localized innate immunity. We delivered IL-2 as a fusion protein, Alb-IL2, which we demonstrate to have preferential accumulation properties, bringing it to the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with Salmonella + Alb-IL2 leads to superior tumor control and enhanced overall survival compared to controls. When assessing immunological factors contributing to our observed tumor control, significantly enhanced T cell population with superior effector function was observed in mice treated with Salmonella + Alb-IL2. We confirmed that these T cells were indispensable to the observed tumor control through antibody-mediated T cell depletion experiments. Conclusions These findings highlight the ability of Salmonella + Alb-IL2 to serve as a novel therapeutic approach to induce T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and exert long-term tumor control in a murine model of cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00841-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alana MacDonald
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ya Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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208
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Naoun AA, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Immunoregulation via Cell Density and Quorum Sensing-like Mechanisms: An Underexplored Emerging Field with Potential Translational Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152442. [PMID: 35954285 PMCID: PMC9368058 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) was historically described as a mechanism by which bacteria detect and optimize their population density via gene regulation based on dynamic environmental cues. Recently, it was proposed that QS or similar mechanisms may have broader applications across different species and cell types. Indeed, emerging evidence shows that the mammalian immune system can also elicit coordinated responses on a population level to regulate cell density and function, thus suggesting that QS-like mechanisms may also be a beneficial trait of the immune system. In this review, we explore and discuss potential QS-like mechanisms deployed by the immune system to coordinate cellular-level responses, such as T cell responses mediated via the common gamma chain (γc) receptor cytokines and the aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). We present evidence regarding a novel role of QS as a multifunctional mechanism coordinating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell behavior during steady state and in response to infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Successful clinical therapies such as adoptive cell transfer for cancer treatment may be re-evaluated to harness the effects of the QS mechanism(s) and enhance treatment responsiveness. Moreover, we discuss how signaling threshold perturbations through QS-like mediators may result in disturbances of the complex crosstalk between immune cell populations, undesired T cell responses, and induction of autoimmune pathology. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic role of modulating immune-system-related QS as a promising avenue to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (T.G.F.)
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209
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Chandran E, Meininger L, Karzai F, Madan RA. Signaling new therapeutic opportunities: cytokines in prostate cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1233-1243. [PMID: 35930001 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite FDA approval of sipuleucel-T in 2010, endeavors to use immune checkpoint inhibitors in unselected prostate cancer patients have not improved clinical outcomes. These efforts include studies with anti-PD1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 alone and in combination with existing standards of care. These strategies are generally T-cell centric and disregard the broader complex and pleiotropic components of the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment such as natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor associated macrophages. AREAS COVERED We performed an online literature search and undertook a review of existing pre-clinical and clinical literature for cytokine-based therapy relating to prostate cancer, specifically on interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-12, IL-23, IL-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. EXPERT OPINION Cytokine-based therapies present an alternative immune strategy to target the pleiotropic prostate cancer tumor microenvironment beyond T-cells. Future immunotherapy strategies in prostate cancer should address these immune cell populations which may play more important roles in the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chandran
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Meininger
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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210
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Cancer Immunotherapy and Delivery System: An Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081630. [PMID: 36015256 PMCID: PMC9413869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an understanding of immunity in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy turns out to be a powerful tool in the clinic to treat many cancers. The strategies applied in cancer immunotherapy mainly include blockade of immune checkpoints, adoptive transfer of engineered cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy. Many factors, such as product price, off-target side effects, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and cancer cell heterogeneity, affect the treatment efficacy of immunotherapies against cancers. In addition, some treatments, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, are more effective in treating patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma rather than solid tumors. To improve the efficacy of targeted immunotherapy and reduce off-target effects, delivery systems for immunotherapies have been developed in past decades using tools such as nanoparticles, hydrogel matrix, and implantable scaffolds. This review first summarizes the currently common immunotherapies and their limitations. It then synopsizes the relative delivery systems that can be applied to improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. The challenges, frontiers, and prospects for applying these delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Finally, the application of these approaches in clinical trials is reviewed.
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211
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Meguri Y, Asano T, Yoshioka T, Iwamoto M, Ikegawa S, Sugiura H, Kishi Y, Nakamura M, Sando Y, Kondo T, Sumii Y, Maeda Y, Matsuoka KI. Responses of regulatory and effector T-cells to low-dose interleukin-2 differ depending on the immune environment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891925. [PMID: 35983059 PMCID: PMC9379320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in the maintenance of immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Tregs promptly respond to low concentrations of IL-2 through the constitutive expression of high-affinity IL-2 receptors. It has been reported that low-dose IL-2 therapy increased circulating Tregs and improved clinical symptoms of chronic GVHD. Clinical studies of IL-2 therapy so far have mainly targeted patients in the chronic phase of transplantation when acute immune responses has subsided. However, the biological and clinical effects of exogenous IL-2 in an acute immune environment have not been well investigated. In the current study, we investigated the impact of exogenous IL-2 therapy on the post-transplant homeostasis of T cell subsets which influence the balance between GVHD and GVL in the acute phase, by setting the various immune environments early after HSCT in murine model. We initially found that 5,000 IU of IL-2 was enough to induce the active proliferation of Treg without influencing other conventional T cells (Tcons) when administered to normal mice. However, activated Tcons showed the response to the same dose of IL-2 in recipients after allogeneic HSCT. In a mild inflammatory environment within a threshold, exogenous IL-2 could effectively modulate Treg homeostasis with just limited influence to activated T cells, which resulted in an efficient GVHD suppression. In contrast, in a severely inflammatory environment, exogenous IL-2 enhanced activated T cells rather than Tregs, which resulted in the exacerbation of GVHD. Of interest, in an immune-tolerant state after transplant, exogenous IL-2 triggered effector T-cells to exert an anti-tumor effect with maintaining GVHD suppression. These data suggested that the responses of Tregs and effector T cells to exogenous IL-2 differ depending on the immune environment in the host, and the mutual balance of the response to IL-2 between T-cell subsets modulates GVHD and GVL after HSCT. Our findings may provide useful information in the optimization of IL-2 therapy, which may be personalized for each patient having different immune status.
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Dwivedi M, Tiwari S, Kemp EH, Begum R. Implications of regulatory T cells in anti-cancer immunity: from pathogenesis to therapeutics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10450. [PMID: 36082331 PMCID: PMC9445387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. However, Tregs present major hurdle in eliciting potent anti-cancer immune responses. Therefore, curbing the activity of Tregs represents a novel and efficient way towards successful immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, there is an emerging interest in harnessing Treg-based strategies for augmenting anti-cancer immunity in different types of the disease. This review summarises the crucial mechanisms of Tregs’ mediated suppression of anti-cancer immunity and strategies to suppress or to alter such Tregs to improve the immune response against tumors. Highlighting important clinical studies, the review also describes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer, and discusses Treg-suppression by molecular targeting, which may emerge as an effective cancer immunotherapy and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and suppressing inflammation. Tregs present a major obstacle to eliciting potent anti-tumor immune responses. The review summarizes current Treg-based therapeutic interventions in cancer. Treg can be an effective cancer immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat, 394350, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E. Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390 002, Gujarat, India
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Novel antitumor therapeutic strategy using CD4+ T cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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214
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Yang HJ, Jeong SJ, Ryu MS, Ha G, Jeong DY, Park YM, Lee HY, Bae JS. Protective effect of traditional Korean fermented soybean foods ( doenjang) on a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Food Funct 2022; 13:8616-8626. [PMID: 35894596 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown, and the use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs with certain side effects is currently replacing treatment. Therefore, it is important to find new healthy foods or ingredients that exhibit potential protective and anti-inflammatory effects on UC. This study investigated the potential protective effect of doenjang on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. Materials and methods: Four doenjang samples (TCD21-51-1, TCD21-55-1, TMD21-16-1, and TFD21-1-1) were used. To examine the effects of the four doenjang samples on UC caused by DSS in a mouse model, the clinical symptoms of UC, such as body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) were analyzed. Moreover, immune-related blood cell counts, serum levels and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) production were measured in DSS-induced UC in mice for analysis. Results: The four doenjang samples increased the colon length shortened by DSS, reduced DAI (diarrhea and hemoccult), CMDI (ulceration, inflammation, and hemorrhage) and the content of immune-related cells in the blood. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO increased by DSS were decreased by doenjang, and tissue damage was significantly reduced. Conclusions: These findings confirmed that doenjang exerts protective effects against UC, suggesting its possible use in developing therapeutic strategies or functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Yang
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, Jeonbuk, 56048, Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, Jeonbuk, 56048, Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Ryu
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, Jeonbuk, 56048, Korea
| | - Gwangsu Ha
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, Jeonbuk, 56048, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, Jeonbuk, 56048, Korea
| | - Young Mi Park
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., Deahak-ro, 121, Nonsan, Chungnam, 32992, Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., Deahak-ro, 121, Nonsan, Chungnam, 32992, Korea
| | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Korea.
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215
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Jazbec V, Jerala R, Benčina M. Proteolytically Activated CRAC Effectors through Designed Intramolecular Inhibition. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2756-2765. [PMID: 35802180 PMCID: PMC9396659 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Highly regulated intracellular calcium entry affects
numerous cellular
physiological events. External regulation of intracellular calcium
signaling presents a great opportunity for the artificial regulation
of cellular activity. Calcium entry can be mediated by STIM proteins
interacting with Orai calcium channels; therefore, the STIM1–Orai1
pair has become a tool for artificially modulating calcium entry.
We report on an innovative genetically engineered protease-activated
Orai activator called PACE. CAD self-dimerization and activation were
inhibited with a coiled-coil forming peptide pair linked to CAD via
a protease cleavage site. PACE generated sustained calcium entry after
its activation with a reconstituted split protease. We also generated
PACE, whose transcriptional activation of NFAT was triggered by PPV
or TEV protease. Using PACE, we successfully activated the native
NFAT signaling pathway and the production of cytokines in a T-cell
line. PACE represents a useful tool for generating sustained calcium
entry to initiate calcium-dependent protein translation. PACE provides
a promising template for the construction of links between various
protease activation pathways and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Jazbec
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Interfaculty Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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216
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Xu Z, Jiang X, Dai X, Li B. The Dynamic Role of FOXP3+ Tregs and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications During SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916411. [PMID: 35874688 PMCID: PMC9305488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been raging all around the world since the beginning of 2020, and leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with strong cytokine storm which contributes to widespread tissue damage and even death in severe patients. Over-activated immune response becomes one of the characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients. Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an essential role in maintaining the immune homeostasis, which restrain excessive inflammation response. So FOXP3+ Tregs might participate in the suppression of inflammation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Besides suppressive function, tissue resident Tregs are also responsible for tissue repair. In this review, we mainly summarize the latest research focusing on the change of FOXP3+ Tregs in the COVID-19 patients, discuss the relationship between disease severity and number change of Tregs and speculate the potential role of FOXP3+ Tregs during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we introduce some potential Treg-based therapies to improve patients’ outcomes, which include small molecular drugs, antibody drugs, CAR-Treg and cytokine treatment. We hope to reduce tissue damage of severe COVID-19 patients and offer better prognosis through Treg-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyu Dai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Dai, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyu Dai, ; Bin Li,
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217
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Viitanen R, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Li XG, Nicolini V, Richard M, Klein C, Nayak T, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 Detects Pharmacodynamic Changes of FAP-Targeted IL2 Variant Immunotherapy in B16-FAP Melanoma Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901693. [PMID: 35874707 PMCID: PMC9298541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible adhesion molecule, which supports contact between leukocytes and inflamed endothelium. There is evidence that VAP-1 is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to melanoma tumors. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy is an efficient therapy that promotes immune system activity against cancers but is associated with toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of PET/CT imaging using the radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, which is targeted to VAP-1, to monitor pharmacodynamic effects of a novel FAP-IL2v immunocytokine (a genetically engineered variant of IL-2 fused with fibroblast activation protein) in the B16-FAP melanoma model. At 9 days after the inoculation of B16-FAP melanoma cells, mice were studied with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT as a baseline measurement. Immediately after baseline imaging, mice were treated with FAP-IL2v or vehicle, and treatment was repeated 3 days later. Subsequent PET/CT imaging was performed 3, 5, and 7 days after baseline imaging. In addition to in vivo PET imaging, ex vivo autoradiography, histology, and immunofluorescence staining were performed on excised tumors. B16-FAP tumors were clearly detected with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT during the follow-up period, without differences in tumor volume between FAP-IL2v-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Tumor-to-muscle uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was significantly higher in the FAP-IL2v-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group 7 days after baseline imaging, and this was confirmed by tumor autoradiography analysis. FAP-IL2v treatment did not affect VAP-1 expression on the tumor vasculature. However, FAP-IL2v treatment increased the number of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in tumors. The present study showed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 can detect B16-FAP tumors and allows monitoring of FAP-IL2v treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marine Richard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tapan Nayak
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen,
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218
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Curreri A, Sankholkar D, Mitragotri S, Zhao Z. RNA therapeutics in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10374. [PMID: 36684099 PMCID: PMC9842029 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are being actively researched as a therapeutic modality in preclinical and clinical studies. They have become one of the most ubiquitously known and discussed therapeutics in recent years in part due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Since the first approval in 1998, research on RNA therapeutics has progressed to discovering new therapeutic targets and delivery strategies to enhance their safety and efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinically relevant RNA therapeutics, mechanistic basis of their function, and strategies to improve their clinical use. We discuss the 17 approved RNA therapeutics and perform an in-depth analysis of the 222 ongoing clinical trials, with an emphasis on their respective mechanisms and disease areas. We also provide perspectives on the challenges for clinical translation of RNA therapeutics and suggest potential strategies to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Curreri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA,University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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219
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Law AMK, Chen J, Colino‐Sanguino Y, de la Fuente LR, Fang G, Grimes SM, Lu H, Huang RJ, Boyle ST, Venhuizen J, Castillo L, Tavakoli J, Skhinas JN, Millar EKA, Beretov J, Rossello FJ, Tipper JL, Ormandy CJ, Samuel MS, Cox TR, Martelotto L, Jin D, Valdes‐Mora F, Ji HP, Gallego‐Ortega D. ALTEN: A High-Fidelity Primary Tissue-Engineering Platform to Assess Cellular Responses Ex Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103332. [PMID: 35611998 PMCID: PMC9313544 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To fully investigate cellular responses to stimuli and perturbations within tissues, it is essential to replicate the complex molecular interactions within the local microenvironment of cellular niches. Here, the authors introduce Alginate-based tissue engineering (ALTEN), a biomimetic tissue platform that allows ex vivo analysis of explanted tissue biopsies. This method preserves the original characteristics of the source tissue's cellular milieu, allowing multiple and diverse cell types to be maintained over an extended period of time. As a result, ALTEN enables rapid and faithful characterization of perturbations across specific cell types within a tissue. Importantly, using single-cell genomics, this approach provides integrated cellular responses at the resolution of individual cells. ALTEN is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular responses upon exposure to cytotoxic agents and immunomodulators. Additionally, ALTEN's scalability using automated microfluidic devices for tissue encapsulation and subsequent transport, to enable centralized high-throughput analysis of samples gathered by large-scale multicenter studies, is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. K. Law
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Division of OncologyDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA
| | - Yolanda Colino‐Sanguino
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics LaboratoryChildren's Cancer InstituteRandwickNSW2052Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics LaboratoryChildren's Cancer InstituteRandwickNSW2052Australia
| | - Guocheng Fang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Susan M. Grimes
- Division of OncologyDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Robert J. Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA
| | - Sarah T. Boyle
- Centre for Cancer BiologySA Pathology and University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA5000Australia
| | - Jeron Venhuizen
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
| | - Lesley Castillo
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
| | - Javad Tavakoli
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia
| | - Joanna N. Skhinas
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
| | - Ewan K. A. Millar
- Department of Anatomical PathologyNSW Health PathologySt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneyNSW2217Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- Department of Anatomical PathologyNSW Health PathologySt George HospitalKogarahNSW2217Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneyNSW2217Australia
| | | | - Joanne L. Tipper
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia
- School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Department of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleå University of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Ormandy
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer BiologySA Pathology and University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA5000Australia
- Adelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide5000Australia
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW2010Australia
| | - Luciano Martelotto
- Single Cell CoreSystems BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes‐Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics LaboratoryChildren's Cancer InstituteRandwickNSW2052Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Division of OncologyDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA
| | - David Gallego‐Ortega
- The Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSW2010Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)Faculty of ScienceThe University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW2007Australia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical SchoolFaculty of MedicineUniversity of New South Wales SydneyNSW2010Australia
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220
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Bian H, Wang L, Gao C, Liu Z, Sun Y, Hu M, Xiao Y, Hao F, Ma Y, Zhao X. Expression and Clinical Significance of Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subsets in PCNSL. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3815-3828. [PMID: 35836720 PMCID: PMC9273637 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) responds favorably to radiation, chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy. However survival is usually worse, the treatment-related drug resistance and recurrence are still clinical problems to be solved urgently. Studies have shown that cytokines are expressed in varying degrees in patients with lymphoma, which is significantly related to the progression, poor prognosis and drug resistance of lymphoma. We explore the expression and clinical significance of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in patients with PCNSL to provide a more sufficient theoretical basis for its diagnosis and treatment. Patients and Methods We measured and analysed the levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and the distribution of lymphocyte subsets (including Treg cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD4+/CD8+) in 39 patients with PCNSL and 96 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) without central nervous system involvement. The cytokines of 13 healthy people and the lymphocyte subsets of 27 healthy people were measured as the control group. Results We found a significant difference in the level of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte subsets between PCNSL and healthy controls, especially IL-2, after treatment, which was significantly higher than before treatment (p<0.01). However, the level of CD19+ and CD4+/CD8+ decreased while CD8+ and CD3+ increased after treatment (regardless of whether the treatment was effective), and the difference was statistically significant. In addition, our analysis of different prognostic factors found that HD-MTX-based chemotherapy appears to have a longer progression-free survival and overall survival than osimertinib-based chemotherapy. Conclusion There are significant differences in Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte subsets among PCNSL, DLBCL, and healthy controls, and their detection is helpful for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PCNSL. HD-MTX-based chemotherapy may still be the first choice for PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Bian
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujing Xiao
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Hao
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushuo Ma
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xia Zhao, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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221
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Luo P, Wang P, Xu J, Hou W, Xu P, Xu K, Liu L. Immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in rheumatoid arthritis : a comprehensive research review. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:426-438. [PMID: 35775145 PMCID: PMC9350707 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.117.bjr-2021-0594.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves T and B cells and their reciprocal immune interactions with proinflammatory cytokines. T cells, an essential part of the immune system, play an important role in RA. T helper 1 (Th1) cells induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-2, which are proinflammatory cytokines, leading to cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Th2 cells primarily secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which exert anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects in inflammatory arthritis models. IL-22 secreted by Th17 cells promotes the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts through induction of the chemokine C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). T follicular helper (Tfh) cells produce IL-21, which is key for B cell stimulation by the C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and coexpression with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and/or inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS). PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In addition, there are many immunomodulatory agents that promote or inhibit the immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in RA to alleviate disease progression. These findings help to elucidate the aetiology and treatment of RA and point us toward the next steps. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):426–438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peixu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weikun Hou
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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222
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Li Y, Li X, Geng X, Zhao H. The IL-2A receptor pathway and its role in lymphocyte differentiation and function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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223
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A novel lipidic peptide with potential to promote balanced effector-regulatory T cell responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11185. [PMID: 35778468 PMCID: PMC9249808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions contribute to reciprocal stimulation leading to DC maturation that results in production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Both cytokines have been implicated in autoimmune diseases while being necessary for effective immune responses against foreign antigens. We describe a lipidic peptide, designated IK14004, that modifies crosstalk between T cells and DCs resulting in suppression of IL-12p40/IFN-γ production. T cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ is uncoupled and IL-12p70 production is enhanced. IK14004 induces expression of activating co-receptors in CD8+ T cells and increases the proportion of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T regulatory cells. The potential for IK14004 to impact on signalling pathways required to achieve a balanced immune response upon stimulation of DCs and T cells is highlighted. This novel compound provides an opportunity to gain further insights into the complexity of T cell-DC interactions relevant to autoimmunity associated with malignancies and may have therapeutic benefit.
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Shen H, Yang E, Guo M, Yang R, Huang G, Peng Y, Sha W, Wang F, Shen L. Adjunctive Zoledronate+IL-2 administrations enhance anti-tuberculosis Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector populations, and improve treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1790-1805. [PMID: 35765887 PMCID: PMC9310823 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a refractory disease with high mortality rate due to no or few choices of antibiotics. Adjunctive immunotherapy may help improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB. Our decade-long studies demonstrated that phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells play protective roles in immunity against TB. Here, we hypothesized that enhancing protective Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector cells could improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB. To address this, we employed clinically approved drugs Zoledronate (ZOL) and IL-2 to induce anti-TB Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector cells as adjunctive immunotherapy against MDR-TB infection of macaques. We found that adjunctive ZOL/IL-2 administrations during TB drugs treatment of MDR-TB-infected macaques significantly expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and enhanced/sustained Vγ2Vδ2 T-effector subpopulation producing anti-TB cytokines until week 21. ZOL/IL-2 administrations, while expanding Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, significantly increased/sustained numbers of circulating CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Th1-like effector populations, with some γδ T- or αβ T-effector populations trafficking to airway at week 3 until week 19 or 21 after MDR-TB infection. Adjunctive ZOL/IL-2 administrations after MDR-TB infection led to lower bacterial burdens in lungs than TB drugs alone, IL-2 alone or saline controls, and resulted in milder MDR-TB pathology/lesions. Thus, adjunctive Zoledronate + IL-2 administrations can enhance anti-TB Vγ2Vδ2 T- and αβ T-effector populations, and improve treatment outcome of MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixian Huang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease (tuberculosis), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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225
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Zhang Y, Cui Q, Xu M, Liu D, Yao S, Chen M. Current Advances in PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901772. [PMID: 35833132 PMCID: PMC9271774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and the rate of advanced tumor progression or recurrence is as high as 80%. Current salvage strategies for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are rarely curative. Recurrent ovarian cancer is a “cold tumor”, predominantly due to a lack of tumor antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In trials testing programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade as a monotherapy, the response rate was only 8.0-22.2%. In this review, we illustrate the status of cold tumors in ovarian cancer and summarize the existing clinical trials investigating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in recurrent ovarian cancer. Increasing numbers of immunotherapy combination trials have been set up to improve the response rate of EOC. The current preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy combination therapy to convert an immune cold tumor into a hot tumor and their underlying mechanisms are also reviewed. The combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with other immunomodulatory drugs or therapies, such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapies, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic therapy, could be beneficial. Further efforts are merited to transfer these results to a broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuzhong Yao,
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuzhong Yao,
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226
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Huang H, Guo F, Deng X, Yan M, Wang D, Sun Z, Yuan C, Zhou Q. Modulation of T Cell Responses by Fucoidan to Inhibit Osteogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911390. [PMID: 35812368 PMCID: PMC9260855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan has sparked considerable interest in biomedical applications because of its inherent (bio)physicochemical characteristics, particularly immunomodulatory effects on macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. However, the effect of fucoidan on T cells and the following regulatory interaction on cellular function has not been reported. In this work, the effect of sterile fucoidan on the T-cell response and the subsequent modulation of osteogenesis is investigated. The physicochemical features of fucoidan treated by high-temperature autoclave sterilization are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. It is demonstrated that high-temperature autoclave treatment resulted in fucoidan depolymerization, with no change in its key bioactive groups. Further, sterile fucoidan promotes T cells proliferation and the proportion of differentiated T cells decreases with increasing concentration of fucoidan. In addition, the supernatant of T cells co-cultured with fucoidan greatly suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 by downregulating the formation of alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodule compared with fucoidan. Therefore, our work offers new insight into the fucoidan-mediated T cell and osteoblast interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangze Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuyang Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingzhe Yan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhanyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Changqing Yuan, ; Qihui Zhou,
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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227
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Dammeijer F, van Gulijk M, Klaase L, van Nimwegen M, Bouzid R, Hoogenboom R, Joosse ME, Hendriks RW, van Hall T, Aerts JG. Low-dose JAK3-inhibition improves anti-tumor T-cell immunity and immunotherapy efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1393-1405. [PMID: 35732501 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Terminal T-cell exhaustion poses a significant barrier to effective anti-cancer immunotherapy efficacy with current drugs aimed at reversing exhaustion being limited. Recent investigations into the molecular drivers of T-cell exhaustion have led to the identification of chronic IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) - STAT5 pathway signaling in mediating T-cell exhaustion. We targeted the key downstream IL-2R-intermediate Janus kinase (JAK) 3 using a clinically relevant highly specific JAK3-inhibitor (JAK3i; PF-06651600) which potently inhibited STAT5-phosphorylation in vitro. Whereas pulsed high-dose JAK3i administration inhibited anti-tumor T-cell effector function, low-dose chronic JAK3i significantly improved T-cell responses and decreased tumor load in mouse models of solid cancer. Low-dose JAK3i combined with cellular and peptide vaccine strategies further decreased tumor load compared to both monotherapies alone. Collectively, these results identify JAK3 as a novel and promising target for combination immunotherapy.
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228
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Jin D, Jiang Y, Chang L, Wei J, Sun J. New therapeutic strategies based on biasing IL-2 mutants for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108935. [PMID: 35732097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory multifunctional cytokine. High-dose IL-2 was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1990s for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. However, the short half-life of IL-2 and its toxicity caused by high-dose IL-2 limit the clinical use of IL-2. Recently, the development of cell-type-selective engineered IL-2 products become a hot research filed, mainly because IL-2 stimulates both regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells (Teff) in vivo. The selective effect of IL-2 on Treg and Teff can be improved by designing biased IL-2 mutants, which showed reduced toxicity while being more effective in stimulating anti-tumor effector immunity or ameliorating autoimmune diseases. In this review we summarize the biological properties of IL-2 mutants reported so far. The design process and principle of IL-2 mutants, IL-2 mutant antibody complexes and IL-2 fusion proteins were discussed, which provided research basis for the design and application of IL-2 mutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfu Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PRChina.
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229
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Lee E, Kim M, Lee YJ. Selective Expansion of Tregs Using the IL-2 Cytokine Antibody Complex Does Not Reverse Established Alopecia Areata in C3H/HeJ Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874778. [PMID: 35799786 PMCID: PMC9254621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease mediated by NKG2D-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes destroying hair follicles in the skin. It is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, but there is no effective treatment modality approved by the FDA. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for suppressing autoreactive T cells, and in the skin, they promote hair growth by inducing anagen. Based on this, we tested the therapeutic potential of expanded Tregs in AA using the C3H/HeJ mouse model. In mice with AA, NKG2D-expressing CD8 T cells widely infiltrate both haired and hairless skin areas, which have tissue-resident memory T-cell phenotypes. Tregs in the skin express CD25, CTLA-4, GATA-3, and Jagged1 and efficiently proliferate with IL-2 cytokine antibody complex. However, expanding Tregs in the skin did not induce anagen in normal mice, indicating that they are necessary but not sufficient for anagen induction. Also, they fail to suppress autoreactive CD8 T cells in the skin to reverse established AA in C3H/HeJ mice. These results suggest that Treg expansion alone is not sufficient for AA treatment, and combined immunotherapy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: You Jeong Lee,
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230
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Vignet P, Coquet J, Auber S, Boudet M, Siegel A, Théret N. Discrete modeling for integration and analysis of large-scale signaling networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010175. [PMID: 35696426 PMCID: PMC9232147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most biological processes are orchestrated by large-scale molecular networks which are described in large-scale model repositories and whose dynamics are extremely complex. An observed phenotype is a state of this system that results from control mechanisms whose identification is key to its understanding. The Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) format is widely used to standardize the biological information relative to regulatory processes. However, few modeling approaches developed so far enable for computing the events that control a phenotype in large-scale networks. Here we developed an integrated approach to build large-scale dynamic networks from BioPAX knowledge databases in order to analyse trajectories and to identify sets of biological entities that control a phenotype. The Cadbiom approach relies on the guarded transitions formalism, a discrete modeling approach which models a system dynamics by taking into account competition and cooperation events in chains of reactions. The method can be applied to every BioPAX (large-scale) model thanks to a specific package which automatically generates Cadbiom models from BioPAX files. The Cadbiom framework was applied to the BioPAX version of two resources (PID, KEGG) of the Pathway Commons database and to the Atlas of Cancer Signalling Network (ACSN). As a case-study, it was used to characterize sets of biological entities implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our results highlight the similarities between the PID and ACSN resources in terms of biological content, and underline the heterogeneity of usage of the BioPAX semantics limiting the fusion of models that require curation. Causality analyses demonstrate the smart complementarity of the databases in terms of combinatorics of controllers that explain a phenotype. From a biological perspective, our results show the specificity of controllers for epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes that are consistent with the literature and identify a novel signature for intermediate states. The computation of sets of biological entities implicated in phenotypes is hampered by the complex nature of controllers acting in competitive or cooperative combinations. These biological mechanisms are underlied by chains of reactions involving interactions between biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, complexes, etc.), all of which form complex networks. Hence, the identification of controllers relies on computational methods for dynamical systems, which require the biological information about the interactions to be translated into a formal language. The BioPAX standard is a reference ontology associated with a description language to describe biological mechanisms, which satisfies the Linked Open Data initiative recommendations for data interoperability. Although it has been widely adopted by the community to describe biological pathways, no computational method is able of studying the dynamics of the networks described in the BioPAX large-scale resources. To solve this issue, our Cadbiom framework was designed to automatically transcribe the biological systems knowledge of large-scale BioPAX networks into discrete models. The framework then identifies the trajectories that explain a biological phenotype (e.g., all the biomolecules that are activated to induce the expression of a gene). Here, we created Cadbiom models from three biological pathway databases (KEGG, PID and ACSN). The comparative analysis of these models highlighted the diversity of molecules in sets of biological entities that can explain a same phenotype. The application of our framework to the search of biomolecules regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition not only confirmed known pathways in the control of epithelial or mesenchymal cell markers but also highlighted new pathways for transient states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vignet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Coquet
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Auber
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Matéo Boudet
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Anne Siegel
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (AS); (NT)
| | - Nathalie Théret
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (AS); (NT)
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231
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Vesely C, Wong YNS, Childs A, Akarca AU, Dhami P, Vaikkinen H, Conde L, Herrero J, Ogunbiyi O, Gander A, Luong TV, Thirlwell C, Caplin M, Toumpanakis C, Peggs K, Quezada SA, Marafioti T, Meyer T. Systematic Evaluation of the Immune Environment of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2657-2668. [PMID: 35320356 PMCID: PMC9359734 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune tumor microenvironment and the potential therapeutic opportunities for immunotherapy in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (siNET) have not been fully defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Herein, we studied 40 patients with primary and synchronous metastatic siNETs, and matched blood and normal tissue obtained during surgery. We interrogated the immune checkpoint landscape using multi-parametric flow cytometry. In addition, matched FFPE tissue was obtained for multi-parametric IHC to determine the relative abundance and distribution of T-cell infiltrate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was also assessed and correlated with immune infiltration. RESULTS Effector tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) had a higher expression of PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment compared with the periphery. In addition, CD8+ TILs had a significantly higher co-expression of PD-1/ICOS and PD-1/CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and higher levels of PD-1 expression compared with normal tissue. IHC revealed that the majority of cases have ≤10% intra-tumoral T cells but a higher number of peri-tumoral T cells, demonstrating an "exclusion" phenotype. Finally, we confirmed that siNETs have a low TMB compared with other tumor types in the TCGA database but did not find a correlation between TMB and CD8/Treg ratio. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that a combination therapy approach will be required to enhance the immune response, using PD-1 as a checkpoint immunomodulator backbone in combination with other checkpoint targeting molecules (CTLA-4 or ICOS), or with drugs targeting other pathways to recruit "excluded" T cells into the tumor microenvironment to treat patients with siNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Vesely
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yien Ning Sophia Wong
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Childs
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pawan Dhami
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucia Conde
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Amir Gander
- Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissie Thirlwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Caplin
- Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karl Peggs
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio A. Quezada
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Author: Tim Meyer, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD. Phone: 44-207-679-6731; E-mail;
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232
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Ghorbani MM, Farazmandfar T, Abediankenari S, Hassannia H, Maleki Z, Shahbazi M. Treatment of EAE mice with Treg, G-MDSC and IL-2: a new insight into cell therapy for multiple sclerosis. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:789-798. [PMID: 35678041 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the therapeutic and protective effects of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and IL-2 on multiple sclerosis (MS) disease model. Materials & methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized to develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We then investigated effects of pre- and post-treatment EAE mice with Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 on inflammation and demyelination in brain tissue, and on the number of Treg, granulocytic-MDSC and Th-17 cells in spleen. Results: Pre- and post-treatment of EAE mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 resulted in no weight change, reduced Th-17 cells and suppression of pathological properties. Conclusion: Pre- and post-treatment of immunized mice by Tregs, MDSCs and IL-2 prevent EAE induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ghorbani
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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233
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Zhang JQ, Zhang SX, Wang J, Qiao J, Qiu MT, Wu XY, Chen JW, Gao C, Li XF. Low-dose IL-2 therapy limits the reduction in absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with infection. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1037-1044. [PMID: 35414310 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2065145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by disturbed cellular and humoral immune responses. Dysregulations of immune system and immunosuppressive medications predispose SLE patients to infection. This study aims to investigate the alterations and absolute concentrations of lymphocyte subpopulations in SLE patients with different infection and their responses of low-dose IL-2 therapy. METHODS A total of 333 patients with SLE without recent infection, 162 patients suffering infection, and age and sex-matched 132 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Of them, 54 SLE patients (including 41 non-infected group and 13 infected group) received a 5-day course of low-dose IL-2 administration at a dose of 0.5 million IU per day. Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with SLE had lower levels of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood such as T, B, NK, CD4 + T, CD8+ T, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, and the reduction in these cells was more obvious in patients with infection (p <.05 to p <.01). Low-dose IL-2 effectively expanded T (p <.001), B (p <.001), CD4 + T (p <.01), CD8 + T (p <.001), Th1 (p <.01), Th17 (p <.1), and Treg cells (p <.01) of SLE patients, these cells were comparable to that of HCs after the IL-2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SLE had insufficiency of circulating lymphocyte subsets. This phenomenon was more obverse in those accompanying infection, suggesting the low concentration of lymphocytes may be used as indicators of high infection risk in SLE patients. Low-dose IL-2 induced expansion of Treg cells and NK cells, which may contribute to the restoration of immune homeostasis in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng-Ting Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shanxi, China
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Zhou P. Emerging mechanisms and applications of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kirschke S, Ogunsulire I, Selvakumar B, Schumacher N, Sezin T, Rose-John S, Scheffold A, Garbers C, Lokau J. The metalloprotease ADAM10 generates soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sCD25) in vivo. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101910. [PMID: 35398356 PMCID: PMC9127578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays a critical role in controlling the immune homeostasis by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, especially T cells. IL-2 signaling is mediated via the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex, which consists of the IL-2Rα (CD25), the IL-2Rβ, and the IL-2Rγ. While the latter are required for signal transduction, IL-2Rα controls the ligand-binding affinity of the receptor complex. A soluble form of the IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα) is found constitutively in human serum, though its levels are increased under various pathophysiological conditions. The sIL-2Rα originates partly from activated T cells through proteolytic cleavage, but neither the responsible proteases nor stimuli that lead to IL-2Rα cleavage are known. Here, we show that the metalloproteases ADAM10 and ADAM17 can cleave the IL-2Rα and generate a soluble ectodomain, which functions as a decoy receptor that inhibits IL-2 signaling in T cells. We demonstrate that ADAM10 is mainly responsible for constitutive shedding of the IL-2Rα, while ADAM17 is involved in IL-2Rα cleavage upon T cell activation. In vivo, we found that mice with a CD4-specific deletion of ADAM10, but not ADAM17, show reduced steady-state sIL-2Rα serum levels. We propose that the identification of proteases involved in sIL-2Rα generation will allow for manipulation of IL-2Rα cleavage, especially as constitutive and induced cleavage of IL-2Rα are executed by different proteases, and thus offer a novel opportunity to alter IL-2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kirschke
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany; Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ireti Ogunsulire
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Tanya Sezin
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany; Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany; Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Mohammadi P, Hesari M, Chalabi M, Salari F, Khademi F. An overview of immune checkpoint therapy in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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237
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The deacetylase SIRT2 contributes to autoimmune disease pathogenesis by modulating IL-17A and IL-2 transcription. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:738-750. [PMID: 35523941 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant IL-17A expression together with reduced IL-2 production by effector CD4+ T cells contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we report that Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a member of the family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, suppresses IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells while promoting their differentiation into Th17 cells. Mechanistically, we show that SIRT2 is responsible for the deacetylation of p70S6K, activation of the mTORC1/HIF-1α/RORγt pathway and induction of Th17-cell differentiation. Additionally, SIRT2 was shown to be responsible for the deacetylation of c-Jun and histones at the Il-2 gene, resulting in decreased IL-2 production. We found that the transcription factor inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), which is overexpressed in T cells from people with SLE and lupus-prone mice, bound directly to the Sirt2 promoter and promoted its transcription. AK-7, a SIRT2 inhibitor, limited the ability of adoptively transferred antigen-specific CD4+ T cells to cause autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and limited disease in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Finally, CD4+ T cells from SLE patients exhibited increased expression of SIRT2, and pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 in primary CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE attenuated the ability of these cells to differentiate into Th17 cells and promoted the generation of IL-2-producing T cells. Collectively, these results suggest that SIRT2-mediated deacetylation is essential in the aberrant expression of IL-17A and IL-2 and that SIRT2 may be a promising molecular target for new SLE therapies.
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238
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Park YM, Lee HY, Shin DY, Kim DS, Yoo JJ, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Bae JS. Immune-Enhancing Effects of Co-treatment With Kalopanax pictus Nakai Bark and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner Leaf Extract in a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Rat Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898417. [PMID: 35662944 PMCID: PMC9161550 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Immune system disorders can result in various pathological conditions, such as infections and cancer. Identifying therapies that enhance the immune response might be crucial for immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, we assessed the immune-enhancing effect of co-treatment with Kalopanax pictus Nakai Bark and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner leaf extract (KPNN) in a cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed rat model. Materials and Methods For in vitro studies, macrophages and splenocytes were treated with various KPNN doses in the presence or absence of Cy. Macrophage viability, nitric oxide production, splenocyte viability, cytokine production and natural killer (NK) cell activity were analyzed. For in vivo studies, analysis of weekly body weight, dietary intake, tissue weight, immune-related blood cell count, cytokine levels, and spleen biopsy was performed in a Cy-induced immunocompromised animal model. Results KPNN significantly increased phospho-NF-κB and phospho-ERK protein levels and cell viability in macrophages. KPNN significantly increased the NK cell activity in splenocytes compared to that in the control. Cy treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon-γ production. In the Cy-induced immunosuppression rat model, KPNN-treated rats had significantly higher body weights and tissue weights than the Cy-treated rats. Additionally, KPNN treatment restored the immune-related factors, such as total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and intermediate cell contents, to their normal levels in the blood. The blood cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were increased, and spleen tissue damage was significantly alleviated. Conclusions Collectively, KPNN exerts an immune-enhancing effect suggesting their potential as an immunostimulatory agent or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dae Sung Kim
- Central Research and Development, Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jin Joo Yoo
- Central Research and Development, Hanpoong Pharm & Foods Co., Ltd., Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | | | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Sang Bae,
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Wang Y, Feng R, Cheng G, Huang B, Tian J, Gan Y, Jin Y, Miao M, Zhang X, Sun X, He J, Li Z. Low Dose Interleukin-2 Ameliorates Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Murine Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887354. [PMID: 35665339 PMCID: PMC9160330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with no efficient treatment, and it is associated with dysregulated immune cells and impaired interleukin (IL)-2 signaling. IL-2 is critical for the development and maintenance of Treg cells. The use of low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is promising, but the efficacy and mechanism in SS therapy are still to be confirmed. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of LDIL-2 on SS in NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. NOD mice (female, 8 weeks old) were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 8). Low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2), high dose of IL-2 (HDIL-2), and isometric sterile water (control) were administered subcutaneously daily from week 8 to week 16. LDIL-2 administration significantly recovered the reduction in saliva flow and suppressed lymphocyte inflammation of the submandibular glands (SMGs) when compared with those treated with sterile water as controls (p < 0.05). SS related biomarkers including ANA, Anti-SSA/Ro, and Anti-SSB/La also declined (p < 0.05). In the low dose of IL-2 treated group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs in both spleen and cervical-lymph-node were higher than control mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CD4+Bcl-6+PD-1+CXCR5+Tfh cells, CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 cells, and CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells were significantly reduced in LDIL-2 group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the SMGs biopsies showed significantly decreased inflammation scores after LDIL-2 administration and an increase of Tregs with immunohistochemical staining. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that LDIL-2 was an effective therapeutic intervention for SS observed in NOD mice and may restore immune balance through the promotion of Treg and suppression of germinal center (GC) B cells and effector T cells.
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240
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Mauch RM, Jensen PØ, Qvist T, Kolpen M, Moser C, Pressler T, Nolasco da Silva MT, Høiby N. Adaptive Immune Response to Mycobacterium abscessus Complex (MABSC) in Cystic Fibrosis and the Implications of Cross-Reactivity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858398. [PMID: 35548464 PMCID: PMC9084186 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to characterise the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) and its cross-reactivity with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guérin, BCG) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and non-CF controls in terms of lymphocyte proliferation and immunophenotyping, cytokine production and anti-MABSC IgG plasma levels. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CF patients with MABSC (CF/MABSC, n=12), MAC infection history (CF/MAC, n=5), no NTM history (CF/NTM-, n=15), BCG-vaccinated (C/BCG+, n=9) and non-vaccinated controls (C/BCG-, n=8) were cultured for four days under stimulation with an in-house MABSC lysate and we used flow cytometry to assess lymphocyte proliferation (given by lymphoblast formation) and immunophenotypes. Cytokine production was assessed after overnight whole blood stimulation with the same lysate, and anti-MABSC IgG levels were measured in plasma from non-stimulated blood. Results All CF/MABSC patients had increased CD3+ and CD19+ lymphoblast formation upon PBMC stimulation with MABSC lysate. There was a higher rate of CD3+ than CD19+ lymphoblasts, predominance of CD4+ over CD8+ lymphoblasts, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 production, low production of the Th17-associated IL-17, and discrete or no production of Th2/B cell-associated cytokines soluble CD40 ligand (CD40L), IL-4 and IL-5, indicating a Th1-dominated phenotype and infection restricted to the lungs. A similar pattern was seen in C/BCG+ controls, and CF/MAC patients, pointing to cross-reactivity. MABSC-IgG levels were higher in CF/MABSC patients than in both control groups, but not CF/NTM- patients, most of whom also had CD3+ and/or CD19+ lymphoblast formation upon PBMC stimulation, indicating previous exposure, subclinical or latent infection with MABSC or other NTM. Conclusion The anti-MABSC immune response is Th1-skewed and underlines the cross-reactivity in the anti-mycobacterial immune response. The results, together with published clinical observations, indicate that BCG vaccination may cross-react against NTM in CF patients, and this should be investigated. Due to cross-reactivity, it would also be interesting to investigate whether a combination of MABSC-induced cytokine production by blood cells and anti-MABSC IgG measurement can be useful for identifying latent or subclinical infection both with MABSC and other NTM in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Marrichi Mauch
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Clinical Microbiology Department, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (Panum Institute), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (Panum Institute), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tavs Qvist
- Cystic Fibrosis Adult Clinic , Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kolpen
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (Panum Institute), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (Panum Institute), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tacjana Pressler
- Cystic Fibrosis Adult Clinic , Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Høiby
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (Panum Institute), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Robertson MJ. Cytokine Based Immunotherapy for Cancer and Lymphoma: Biology, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872010. [PMID: 35529882 PMCID: PMC9067561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses to cancer. Although antitumor activity has been seen for several cytokines in preclinical models, they have had limited success as single therapeutic agents in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. However, the possible combinations of cytokines with other immune therapeutics and the advancement in genetic engineering, synthetic biology and cellular and immune therapy has led to the revival of interest in cytokines as anticancer agents. This article will review several immunostimulatory cytokines with anticancer activity, focusing on the those that have been studied in treatment of lymphoma and highlighting recent advances of potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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242
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Advances of research of Fc-fusion protein that activate NK cells for tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108783. [PMID: 35561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of bioengineering technology has introduced Fc-fusion proteins, representing a novel kind of recombinant protein, as promising biopharmaceutical products in tumor therapy. Numerous related anti-tumor Fc-fusion proteins have been investigated and are in different stages of development. Fc-fusion proteins are constructed by fusing the Fc-region of the antibody with functional proteins or peptides. They retain the bioactivity of the latter and partial properties of the former. This structural and functional advantage makes Fc-fusion proteins an effective tool in tumor immunotherapy, especially for the recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy. Even though tumor cells have developed mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effect of NK cells or induce defective NK cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been proven to effectively activate NK cells to kill tumor cells in different ways, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), activate NK cells in different ways in order to promote killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on NK cell-based immunity for cancers and current research progress of the Fc-fusion proteins for anti-tumor therapy by activating NK cells.
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243
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Biswas S, Chalishazar A, Helou Y, DiSpirito J, DeChristopher B, Chatterjee D, Merselis L, Vincent B, Monroe JG, Rabah D, Long AJ. Pharmacological Inhibition of MALT1 Ameliorates Autoimmune Pathogenesis and Can Be Uncoupled From Effects on Regulatory T-Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875320. [PMID: 35615349 PMCID: PMC9125252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MALT1 forms part of a central signaling node downstream of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing receptors, across a broad range of immune cell subsets, and regulates NF-κB driven transcriptional responses via dual scaffolding-protease activity. Allosteric inhibition of MALT1 activity has demonstrated benefit in animal models of inflammation. However, development of MALT1 inhibitors to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (A&ID) has been hindered by reports linking MALT1 inhibition and genetic loss-of-function to reductions in regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers and development of auto-inflammatory syndromes. Using an allosteric MALT1 inhibitor, we investigated the consequence of pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 on proinflammatory cells compared to regulatory T-cells. Consistent with its known role in ITAM-driven responses, MALT1 inhibition suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production from activated human T-cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, and attenuated B-cell proliferation. Oral administration of a MALT1 inhibitor reduced disease severity and synovial cytokine production in a rat collagen-induced arthritis model. Interestingly, reduction in splenic Treg numbers was less pronounced in the context of inflammation compared with naïve animals. Additionally, in the context of the disease model, we observed an uncoupling of anti-inflammatory effects of MALT1 inhibition from Treg reduction, with lower systemic concentrations of inhibitor needed to reduce disease severity compared to that required to reduce Treg numbers. MALT1 inhibition did not affect suppressive function of human Tregs in vitro. These data indicate that anti-inflammatory efficacy can be achieved with MALT1 inhibition without impacting the number or function of Tregs, further supporting the potential of MALT1 inhibition in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ynes Helou
- Immunology, Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Leidy Merselis
- Immunology, Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - John G. Monroe
- Research and Development, Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dania Rabah
- Research and Development, Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Long
- Immunology, Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, United States
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244
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Yan H, Li B, Su R, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Preliminary Study on the Imbalance Between Th17 and Regulatory T Cells in Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873644. [PMID: 35603166 PMCID: PMC9121099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivePatients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have immune cell abnormalities that remain poorly understood. This study compared primary APS (PAPS) and secondary APS (SAPS) patients with healthy controls with respect to peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4+T cell subsets, and cytokine levels. The correlation between antiphospholipid antibody titres and T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cell subsets was also analyzed, together with the correlations between cytokine profiles and the clinical characteristics of APS patients.MethodsThe retrospective study population consisted of 67 APS patients (12 with PAPS, 55 with SAPS) and 40 healthy controls. Absolute numbers of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and CD4+ T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry, and serum cytokine levels by flow cytometry bead array.ResultsPatients with SAPS had lower absolute values of T, B and CD4+T cells than the healthy control group, while only natural killer (NK) cell levels were decreased in patients with PAPS. Absolute numbers of T, B, NK, and CD4+T cells were significantly higher in the PAPS than SAPS group. The trends in CD4+T cell subsets were the same in PAPS and SAPS patients as in healthy controls, with increased Th1, decreased Th2, and decreased Treg levels, and thus an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Th2, Th17, and Treg cell counts were higher in the PAPS than SAPS group. Cytokine analysis showed that only IL-10 levels differed between the two APS groups. However, the levels of all of the studied cytokines were higher in APS patients than healthy controls, and correlated with the clinical characteristics of the patients. In the PAPS group, the titres of two autoantibodies correlated positively with the Th17/Treg ratio and negatively with the levels of D-dimer and Treg subsets.ConclusionsOur study clearly showed that APS patients have immune disturbances, the most prominent of which is an increase in the Th17/Treg ratio, due to a decrease in the number of Treg cells. These abnormalities may be involved in the occurrence and progression of APS. An additional finding was a higher level of peripheral blood lymphocytes in PAPS than SAPS patients, which may be related to the immunosuppressive treatment of SAPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baochen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Caihong Wang,
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Kim D, Kim M, Kim TW, Choe YH, Noh HS, Jeon HM, Kim H, Lee Y, Hur G, Lee KM, Shin K, Lee SI, Lee SH. Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells regulate differentiation and function of CD4 T cells via CD25. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20200795. [PMID: 35315876 PMCID: PMC8943836 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells (LN-FRCs) provide functional structure to LNs and play important roles in interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. However, the direct impact of LN-FRCs on naive CD4+ T cell differentiation has not been explored. Here, we show that T cell zone FRCs of LNs (LN-TRCs) express CD25, the α chain of the IL-2 receptor heterotrimer. Moreover, LN-TRCs trans-present IL-2 to naive CD4+ T cells through CD25, thereby facilitating early IL-2-mediated signaling. CD25-deficient LN-TRCs exhibit attenuated STAT5 phosphorylation in naive CD4+ T cells during T cell differentiation, promoting T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation and Th17 response-related gene expression. In experimental autoimmune disease models, disease severity was elevated in mice lacking CD25 in LN-TRCs. Therefore, our results suggest that CD25 expression on LN-TRCs regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation by modulating early IL-2 signaling of neighboring, naive CD4+ T cells, influencing the overall properties of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mingyo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hae Sook Noh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - HyunSeok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- R&D Division, GenoFocus Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-il Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Siefker-Radtke AO, Cho DC, Diab A, Sznol M, Bilen MA, Balar AV, Grignani G, Puente E, Tang L, Chien D, Hoch U, Choudhury A, Yu D, Currie SL, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Hurwitz ME, Tannir NM. Bempegaldesleukin plus Nivolumab in First-line Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Results from PIVOT-02. Eur Urol 2022; 82:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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247
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Discovery of nitric oxide-inducing activities of synthetic LAM glycan motifs prepared by scalable rapid syntheses. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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248
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May be adenosine an immuno-quorum-sensing signal? Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:205-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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249
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Tian X, Lu M, Bu Y, Zhang Y, Aimulajiang K, Liang M, Li C, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Immunization With Recombinant Haemonchus contortus Y75B8A.8 Partially Protects Local Crossbred Female Goats From Haemonchus contortus Infection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:765700. [PMID: 35445096 PMCID: PMC9014092 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.765700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus Y75B8A.8 (Hc8) derived from H. contortus excretory–secretory (ES) products was identified as a functional inhibitor of goat interleukin 2 (IL-2). It may act as a vaccine candidate for the development of therapeutic strategies against H. contortus infection. In this research, recombinant Hc8 (rHc8) and goat anti-rHc8 polyclonal antibodies were employed to evaluate the protective capacities of Hc8 antigen against H. contortus infections via active and passive immunization trials, respectively. In both trials, local crossbred female goats aged 9–12 months old were randomly divided into three groups, five in each group, respectively. Parasitological examinations, including fecal egg counts (FEC), cumulative FEC (cFEC), and worm burdens, were performed. In addition, antibody levels in mucosal homogenate (MH) samples and hematological and immunological parameters were detected. In the passive trial, goats were intravenously immunized with 5 mg total IgG containing anti-rHc8 goat polyclonal antibodies. After twice immunization, compared with the challenged control group, cFEC was reduced by 39%. In addition, there was a 46% reduction of worm burdens compared with the challenged controls. In the active immunization trials, 500 μg of recombinant Hc8 protein was given subcutaneously twice to 9–12-month-old local crossbred female goats with a 2-week interval, resulting in the generation of high levels of antigen-specific circulating antibodies. Besides, cFEC and abomasal worm burden were reduced by 70 and 55%, respectively, compared with the challenged control group. In addition, immunized goats had higher mucosal homogenate IgA and hemoglobin levels than the challenged controls in both passive and active immunization trials. These preliminary results demonstrated the immunoprophylactic effects of Hc8 antigen and will inform new studies on ES proteins in developing subunit recombinant vaccines against H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Tian
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Bu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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250
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Liu TW, Chen CM, Chang KH. Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084148. [PMID: 35456966 PMCID: PMC9028544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in PD. This neuroinflammatory neurodegeneration involves the activation of microglia, upregulation of proinflammatory factors, and gut microbiota. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on detection of PD by using inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP); and radiotracers such as [11C]PK11195 and [18F]-FEPPA, as well as by monitoring disease progression and the treatment response. Many PD-causing mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, and DJ-1 are also associated with neuroinflammation. Several anti-inflammatory medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), inhibitors of TNF-α and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), agonists of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and steroids, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in in vivo or in vitro PD models. Clinical trials applying objective biomarkers are required to investigate the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory medications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Liu
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8729); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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