201
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Bohne AV, Nickelsen J. Metabolic Control of Chloroplast Gene Expression: An Emerging Theme. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1-3. [PMID: 27530365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Viola Bohne
- Department Biology I, Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department Biology I, Molecular Plant Sciences, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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202
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Fritsch SD, Weichhart T. Effects of Interferons and Viruses on Metabolism. Front Immunol 2016; 7:630. [PMID: 28066439 PMCID: PMC5174094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are potent pleiotropic cytokines that broadly alter cellular functions in response to viral and other infections. These alterations include changes in protein synthesis, proliferation, membrane composition, and the nutritional microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests that antiviral responses are supported by an IFN-induced rewiring of the cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss the roles of type I and type II IFNs in regulating the cellular metabolism and biosynthetic reactions. Furthermore, we give an overview of how viruses themselves affect these metabolic activities to promote their replication. In addition, we focus on the lipid as well as amino acid metabolisms, through which IFNs exert potent antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the expression of IFNs is controlled by the nutrient sensor mammalian target of rapamycin or by direct reprograming of lipid metabolic pathways. These findings establish a mutual relationship between IFN production and metabolic core processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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203
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Metabolic regulation of gene expression through histone acylations. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 18:90-101. [PMID: 27924077 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eight types of short-chain Lys acylations have recently been identified on histones: propionylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, malonylation, glutarylation, crotonylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. Emerging evidence suggests that these histone modifications affect gene expression and are structurally and functionally different from the widely studied histone Lys acetylation. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of non-acetyl histone acylation by enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms, the acylation 'reader' proteins that mediate the effects of different acylations and their physiological functions, which include signal-dependent gene activation, spermatogenesis, tissue injury and metabolic stress. We propose a model to explain our present understanding of how differential histone acylation is regulated by the metabolism of the different acyl-CoA forms, which in turn modulates the regulation of gene expression.
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204
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Slaninova V, Krafcikova M, Perez-Gomez R, Steffal P, Trantirek L, Bray SJ, Krejci A. Notch stimulates growth by direct regulation of genes involved in the control of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Open Biol 2016; 6:150155. [PMID: 26887408 PMCID: PMC4772804 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolytic shift is a characteristic feature of rapidly proliferating cells, such as cells during development and during immune response or cancer cells, as well as of stem cells. It results in increased glycolysis uncoupled from mitochondrial respiration, also known as the Warburg effect. Notch signalling is active in contexts where cells undergo glycolytic shift. We decided to test whether metabolic genes are direct transcriptional targets of Notch signalling and whether upregulation of metabolic genes can help Notch to induce tissue growth under physiological conditions and in conditions of Notch-induced hyperplasia. We show that genes mediating cellular metabolic changes towards the Warburg effect are direct transcriptional targets of Notch signalling. They include genes encoding proteins involved in glucose uptake, glycolysis, lactate to pyruvate conversion and repression of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The direct transcriptional upregulation of metabolic genes is PI3K/Akt independent and occurs not only in cells with overactivated Notch but also in cells with endogenous levels of Notch signalling and in vivo. Even a short pulse of Notch activity is able to elicit long-lasting metabolic changes resembling the Warburg effect. Loss of Notch signalling in Drosophila wing discs as well as in human microvascular cells leads to downregulation of glycolytic genes. Notch-driven tissue overgrowth can be rescued by downregulation of genes for glucose metabolism. Notch activity is able to support growth of wing during nutrient-deprivation conditions, independent of the growth of the rest of the body. Notch is active in situations that involve metabolic reprogramming, and the direct regulation of metabolic genes may be a common mechanism that helps Notch to exert its effects in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Slaninova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krafcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Raquel Perez-Gomez
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Steffal
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah J Bray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Alena Krejci
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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205
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ROS homeostasis and metabolism: a critical liaison for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e269. [PMID: 27811934 PMCID: PMC5133371 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that hypoxia and oxidative stress can control metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and other cells in tumor microenvironments and that the reprogrammed metabolic pathways in cancer tissue can also alter the redox balance. Thus, important steps toward developing novel cancer therapy approaches would be to identify and modulate critical biochemical nodes that are deregulated in cancer metabolism and determine if the therapeutic efficiency can be influenced by changes in redox homeostasis in cancer tissues. In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic reprogramming of tumor microenvironments, the functional modulation of which may disrupt the effects of or may be disrupted by redox homeostasis modulating cancer therapy.
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206
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Palanichamy K, Kanji S, Gordon N, Thirumoorthy K, Jacob JR, Litzenberg KT, Patel D, Chakravarti A. NNMT Silencing Activates Tumor Suppressor PP2A, Inactivates Oncogenic STKs, and Inhibits Tumor Forming Ability. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2325-2334. [PMID: 27810903 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To identify potential molecular hubs that regulate oncogenic kinases and target them to improve treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients.Experimental Design: Data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets identified nicotinamide-N-methyl transferase (NNMT) as a prognostic marker for glioblastoma, an enzyme linked to the reorganization of the methylome. We tested our hypothesis that NNMT plays a crucial role by modulating protein methylation, leading to inactivation of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. Further experiments were performed to understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms using glioblastoma patient samples, established, primary, and isogenic cells.Results: We demonstrate that NNMT outcompetes leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) for methyl transfer from principal methyl donor SAM in biological systems. Inhibiting NNMT increased the availability of methyl groups for LCMT1 to methylate PP2A, resulting in the inhibition of oncogenic serine/threonine kinases (STK). Further, NNMT inhibition retained the radiosensitizer nicotinamide and enhanced radiation sensitivity. We have provided the biochemical rationale of how NNMT plays a vital role in inhibiting tumor suppressor PP2A while concomitantly activating STKs.Conclusions: We report the intricate novel mechanism in which NNMT inhibits tumor suppressor PP2A by reorganizing the methylome both at epigenome and proteome levels and concomitantly activating prosurvival STKs. In glioblastoma tumors with NNMT expression, activation of PP2A can be accomplished by FDA approved perphenazine (PPZ), which is currently used to treat mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc. This study forms a foundation for further glioblastoma clinical trials using PPZ with standard of care treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2325-34. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Suman Kanji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicolaus Gordon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John R Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin T Litzenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Disha Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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207
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Mi X, Tang W, Chen X, Liu F, Tang X. Mitofusin 2 attenuates the histone acetylation at collagen IV promoter in diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:233-249. [PMID: 27997345 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) increase in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The mechanism of protective function of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) for mitochondria remains largely unknown. In this study, the molecular mechanisms for the effect of Mfn2 on mitochondria and subsequent collagen IV expression in DN were investigated. Ras-binding-deficient mitofusin 2 (Mfn2-Ras(Δ)) were overexpressed in rat glomerular mesangial cells, and then the cells were detected for mitochondrial morphology, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mRNA and protein expression of collagen IV with advanced glycation end-product (AGE) stimulation. Preliminary results reveal that the mitochondrial dysfunction and the increased synthesis of collagen IV after AGE stimulation were reverted by Mfn2-Ras(Δ) overexpression. Bioinformatical computations were performed to search transcriptional factor motifs in the promoter region of collagen IV. Three specific regions for TFAP2A binding were identified, followed by validation with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Knocking down TFAP2A significantly decreased the TF binding in the first two regions and the gene expression of collagen IV. Furthermore, results reveal that Mfn2-Ras(Δ) overexpression significantly mitigated TFAP2A binding and also reverted the histone acetylation at Regions 1 and 2 after AGE stimulation. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Mfn2-Ras(Δ) overexpression also ameliorated glomerular mesangial lesions with decreased collagen IV expression, accompanied by decreased acetylation and TFAP2A binding at Region 1. In conclusion, this study highlights the pathway by which mitochondria affect the histone acetylation of gene promoter and provides a new potential therapy approach for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Mi
- Division of NephrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanxin Tang
- Division of NephrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Division of NephrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of NephrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- Division of NephrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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208
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Abstract
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism both affect molecular rewiring in cancer cells and facilitate cancer development and progression. However, recent evidence suggests the existence of important bidirectional regulatory mechanisms between metabolic remodelling and the epigenome (specifically methylation and acetylation of histones) in cancer. Most chromatin-modifying enzymes require substrates or cofactors that are intermediates of cell metabolism. Such metabolites, and often the enzymes that produce them, can transfer into the nucleus, directly linking metabolism to nuclear transcription. We discuss how metabolic remodelling can contribute to tumour epigenetic alterations, thereby affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation and/or apoptosis, as well as therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kinnaird
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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209
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Liu Y, Muñoz N, Tsai AC, Logan TM, Ma T. Metabolic Reconfiguration Supports Reacquisition of Primitive Phenotype in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates. Stem Cells 2016; 35:398-410. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Nathalie Muñoz
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Timothy M. Logan
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
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210
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Inositol polyphosphates intersect with signaling and metabolic networks via two distinct mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6757-E6765. [PMID: 27791083 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606853113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol-based signaling molecules are central eukaryotic messengers and include the highly phosphorylated, diffusible inositol polyphosphates (InsPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs). Despite the essential cellular regulatory functions of InsPs and PP-InsPs (including telomere maintenance, phosphate sensing, cell migration, and insulin secretion), the majority of their protein targets remain unknown. Here, the development of InsP and PP-InsP affinity reagents is described to comprehensively annotate the interactome of these messenger molecules. By using the reagents as bait, >150 putative protein targets were discovered from a eukaryotic cell lysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Gene Ontology analysis of the binding partners revealed a significant overrepresentation of proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, glucose metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and phosphorylation-based signal transduction pathways. Notably, we isolated and characterized additional substrates of protein pyrophosphorylation, a unique posttranslational modification mediated by the PP-InsPs. Our findings not only demonstrate that the PP-InsPs provide a central line of communication between signaling and metabolic networks, but also highlight the unusual ability of these molecules to access two distinct modes of action.
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211
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Galdieri L, Gatla H, Vancurova I, Vancura A. Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase by Metformin Induces Protein Acetylation in Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25154-25166. [PMID: 27733682 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor and master regulator of metabolism. AMPK functions as a fuel gauge monitoring systemic and cellular energy status. Activation of AMPK occurs when the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio increases and leads to a metabolic switch from anabolism to catabolism. AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which catalyzes carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting reaction in de novo synthesis of fatty acids. AMPK thus regulates homeostasis of acetyl-CoA, a key metabolite at the crossroads of metabolism, signaling, chromatin structure, and transcription. Nucleocytosolic concentration of acetyl-CoA affects histone acetylation and links metabolism and chromatin structure. Here we show that activation of AMPK with the widely used antidiabetic drug metformin or with the AMP mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide increases the inhibitory phosphorylation of ACC and decreases the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, leading to increased protein acetylation and altered gene expression in prostate and ovarian cancer cells. Direct inhibition of ACC with allosteric inhibitor 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid also increases acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. Because AMPK activation requires liver kinase B1, metformin does not induce protein acetylation in liver kinase B1-deficient cells. Together, our data indicate that AMPK regulates the availability of nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA for protein acetylation and that AMPK activators, such as metformin, have the capacity to increase protein acetylation and alter patterns of gene expression, further expanding the plethora of metformin's physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Galdieri
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Himavanth Gatla
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Ales Vancura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York 11439
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212
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De Sanctis G, Spinelli M, Vanoni M, Sacco E. K-Ras Activation Induces Differential Sensitivity to Sulfur Amino Acid Limitation and Deprivation and to Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Stress in Mouse Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163790. [PMID: 27685888 PMCID: PMC5042513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells have an increased demand for amino acids and require transport even of non-essential amino acids to support their increased proliferation rate. Besides their major role as protein synthesis precursors, the two proteinogenic sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, play specific biological functions. In humans, methionine is essential for cell growth and development and may act as a precursor for cysteine synthesis. Cysteine is a precursor for the biosynthesis of glutathione, the major scavenger for reactive oxygen species. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We study the effect of K-ras oncogene activation in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts on transport and metabolism of cysteine and methionine. We show that cysteine limitation and deprivation cause apoptotic cell death (cytotoxic effect) in both normal and K-ras-transformed fibroblasts, due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in reduced glutathione. Anti-oxidants glutathione and MitoTEMPO inhibit apoptosis, but only cysteine-containing glutathione partially rescues the cell growth defect induced by limiting cysteine. Methionine limitation and deprivation has a cytostatic effect on mouse fibroblasts, unaffected by glutathione. K-ras-transformed cells-but not their parental NIH3T3-are extremely sensitive to methionine limitation. This fragility correlates with decreased expression of the Slc6a15 gene-encoding the nutrient transporter SBAT1, known to exhibit a strong preference for methionine-and decreased methionine uptake. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Overall, limitation of sulfur-containing amino acids results in a more dramatic perturbation of the oxido-reductive balance in K-ras-transformed cells compared to NIH3T3 cells. Growth defects induced by cysteine limitation in mouse fibroblasts are largely-though not exclusively-due to cysteine utilization in the synthesis of glutathione, mouse fibroblasts requiring an exogenous cysteine source for protein synthesis. Therapeutic regimens of cancer involving modulation of methionine metabolism could be more effective in cells with limited methionine transport capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia De Sanctis
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Spinelli
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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213
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Chao de la Barca JM, Bakhta O, Kalakech H, Simard G, Tamareille S, Catros V, Callebert J, Gadras C, Tessier L, Reynier P, Prunier F, Mirebeau-Prunier D. Metabolic Signature of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Involving a Cocktail of Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003891. [PMID: 27664804 PMCID: PMC5079040 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an attractive therapeutic procedure for protecting the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Despite evidence of humoral mediators transported through the circulation playing a critical role, their actual identities so far remain unknown. We sought to identify plasmatic RIPC-induced metabolites that may play a role. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat plasma samples from RIPC and control groups were analyzed using a targeted metabolomic approach aimed at measuring 188 metabolites. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis were used to identify the metabolites that discriminated between groups. Plasma samples from 50 patients subjected to RIPC were secondarily explored to confirm the results obtained in rats. Finally, a combination of the metabolites that were significantly increased in both rat and human plasma was injected prior to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In the rat samples, 124 molecules were accurately quantified. Six metabolites (ornithine, glycine, kynurenine, spermine, carnosine, and serotonin) were the most significant variables for marked differentiation between the RIPC and control groups. In human plasma, analysis confirmed ornithine decrease and kynurenine and glycine increase following RIPC. Injection of the glycine and kynurenine alone or in combination replicated the protective effects of RIPC seen in rats. CONCLUSIONS We have hereby reported significant variations in a cocktail of amino acids and biogenic amines after remote ischemic preconditioning in both rat and human plasma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01390129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca
- University of Angers, France Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France Laboratory of Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Integrated Biology, National Institute of Medical Research (INSERM) U771, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 6214, Angers, France
| | - Oussama Bakhta
- University of Angers, France Laboratory of Cardioprotection, Remodeling, and Thrombosis, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Hussein Kalakech
- University of Angers, France Laboratory of Cardioprotection, Remodeling, and Thrombosis, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- University of Angers, France Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies (SOPAM), National Institute of Medical Research (INSERM) 1063, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- University of Angers, France Laboratory of Cardioprotection, Remodeling, and Thrombosis, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Véronique Catros
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Cellular Biology, University Hospital of Rennes and National Institute of Medical Research (INSERM) U991, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cédric Gadras
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France
| | - Lydie Tessier
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- University of Angers, France Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France Laboratory of Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Integrated Biology, National Institute of Medical Research (INSERM) U771, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 6214, Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- University of Angers, France Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Angers, France Laboratory of Cardioprotection, Remodeling, and Thrombosis, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- University of Angers, France Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital of Angers, France Laboratory of Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Integrated Biology, National Institute of Medical Research (INSERM) U771, National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR 6214, Angers, France
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214
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Metabolic interactions with cancer epigenetics. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 54:50-57. [PMID: 27620316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have epigenetic alterations that are known to drive cancer progression. The reversibility of the epigenetic posttranslational modifications on chromatin and DNA renders targeting these modifications an attractive means for cancer therapy. Cellular epigenetic status interacts with cell metabolism, and we are now beginning to understand the nature of how this interaction occurs and the biological contexts that mediate its function. Given the tremendous interest in understanding and targeting metabolic reprogramming in cancer, this nexus also provides opportunities for exploring the liabilities of cancers. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the interaction of cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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215
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Keibler MA, Wasylenko TM, Kelleher JK, Iliopoulos O, Vander Heiden MG, Stephanopoulos G. Metabolic requirements for cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:16. [PMID: 27540483 PMCID: PMC4989334 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of cancer metabolism has been largely dedicated to exploring the hypothesis that oncogenic transformation rewires cellular metabolism to sustain elevated rates of growth and division. Intense examination of tumors and cancer cell lines has confirmed that many cancer-associated metabolic phenotypes allow robust growth and survival; however, little attention has been given to explicitly identifying the biochemical requirements for cell proliferation in a rigorous manner in the context of cancer metabolism. Results Using a well-studied hybridoma line as a model, we comprehensively and quantitatively enumerate the metabolic requirements for generating new biomass in mammalian cells; this indicated a large biosynthetic requirement for ATP, NADPH, NAD+, acetyl-CoA, and amino acids. Extension of this approach to serine/glycine and glutamine metabolic pathways suggested lower limits on serine and glycine catabolism to supply one-carbon unit synthesis and significant availability of glutamine-derived carbon for biosynthesis resulting from nitrogen demands alone, respectively. We integrated our biomass composition results into a flux balance analysis model, placing upper bounds on mitochondrial NADH oxidation to simulate metformin treatment; these simulations reproduced several empirically observed metabolic phenotypes, including increased reductive isocitrate dehydrogenase flux. Conclusions Our analysis clarifies the differential needs for central carbon metabolism precursors, glutamine-derived nitrogen, and cofactors such as ATP, NADPH, and NAD+, while also providing justification for various extracellular nutrient uptake behaviors observed in tumors. Collectively, these results demonstrate how stoichiometric considerations alone can successfully predict empirically observed phenotypes and provide insight into biochemical dynamics that underlie responses to metabolic perturbations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Thomas M Wasylenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ; Current Address: Late Stage Process Development, Sanofi Genzyme, 31 New York Ave, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 USA
| | - Joanne K Kelleher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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216
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Gaglio D, Valtorta S, Ripamonti M, Bonanomi M, Damiani C, Todde S, Negri AS, Sanvito F, Mastroianni F, Campli AD, Turacchio G, Di Grigoli G, Belloli S, Luini A, Gilardi MC, Colangelo AM, Alberghina L, Moresco RM. Divergent in vitro/in vivo responses to drug treatments of highly aggressive NIH-Ras cancer cells: a PET imaging and metabolomics-mass-spectrometry study. Oncotarget 2016; 7:52017-52031. [PMID: 27409831 PMCID: PMC5239532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic K-ras is capable to control tumor growth and progression by rewiring cancer metabolism. In vitro NIH-Ras cells convert glucose to lactate and use glutamine to sustain anabolic processes, but their in vivo environmental adaptation and multiple metabolic pathways activation ability is poorly understood. Here, we show that NIH-Ras cancer cells and tumors are able to coordinate nutrient utilization to support aggressive cell proliferation and survival. Using PET imaging and metabolomics-mass spectrometry, we identified the activation of multiple metabolic pathways such as: glycolysis, autophagy recycling mechanism, glutamine and serine/glycine metabolism, both under physiological and under stress conditions. Finally, differential responses between in vitro and in vivo systems emphasize the advantageous and uncontrolled nature of the in vivo environment, which has a pivotal role in controlling the responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaglio
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marilena Ripamonti
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Todde
- Tecnomed Foundation of University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alfredo Simone Negri
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Mouse Histopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Grigoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gilardi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Italy
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milano, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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217
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Hung LY, Wang CH, Fu CY, Gopinathan P, Lee GB. Microfluidics in the selection of affinity reagents for the detection of cancer: paving a way towards future diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2759-74. [PMID: 27381813 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have miniaturized a variety of biomedical applications, and these chip-based systems have several significant advantages over their large-scale counterparts. Recently, this technology has been used for automating labor-intensive and time-consuming screening processes, whereby affinity reagents, including aptamers, peptides, antibodies, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and a variety of small molecules, are used to probe for molecular biomarkers. When compared to conventional methods, the microfluidic approaches are faster, more compact, require considerably smaller quantities of samples and reagents, and can be automated. Furthermore, they allow for more precise control of reaction conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and shearing forces) such that more efficient screening can be performed. A variety of affinity reagents for targeting cancer cells or cancer biomarkers are now available and will likely replace conventional antibodies. In this review article, the selection of affinity reagents for cancer cells or cancer biomarkers on microfluidic platforms is reviewed with the aim of highlighting the utility of such approaches in cancer diagnostics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Immobilized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Immobilized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/metabolism
- Immobilized Proteins/metabolism
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices/trends
- Leukocytes/cytology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides/metabolism
- Single-Chain Antibodies/chemistry
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Hung
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
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218
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Cuyàs E, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabre N, Camps J, Lopez-Miranda J, Menendez JA, Joven J. Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:191-204. [PMID: 27503834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We live in a world fascinated by the relationship between disease and nutritional disequilibrium. The subtle and slow effects of chronic nutrient toxicity are a major public health concern. Since food is potentially important for the development of "metabolic memory", there is a need for more information on the type of nutrients causing adverse or toxic effects. We now know that metabolic alterations produced by excessive intake of some nutrients, drugs and chemicals directly impact epigenetic regulation. We envision that understanding how metabolic pathways are coordinated by environmental and genetic factors will provide novel insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases. New methods will enable the assembly and analysis of large sets of complex molecular and clinical data for understanding how inflammation and mitochondria affect bioenergetics, epigenetics and health. Collectively, the observations we highlight indicate that energy utilization and disease are intimately connected by epigenetics. The challenge is to incorporate metabolo-epigenetic data in better interpretations of disease, to expedite therapeutic targeting of key pathways linking nutritional toxicity and metabolism. An additional concern is that changes in the parental phenotype are detectable in the methylome of subsequent offspring. The effect might create a menace to future generations and preconceptional considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemi Cabre
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; The Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
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219
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Schlaepfer IR, Nambiar DK, Ramteke A, Kumar R, Dhar D, Agarwal C, Bergman B, Graner M, Maroni P, Singh RP, Agarwal R, Deep G. Hypoxia induces triglycerides accumulation in prostate cancer cells and extracellular vesicles supporting growth and invasiveness following reoxygenation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22836-56. [PMID: 26087400 PMCID: PMC4673203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an independent prognostic indicator of poor outcome in several malignancies. However, precise mechanism through which hypoxia promotes disease aggressiveness is still unclear. Here, we report that under hypoxia (1% O2), human prostate cancer (PCA) cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by these cells, are significantly enriched in triglycerides due to the activation of lipogenesis-related enzymes and signaling molecules. This is likely a survival response to hypoxic stress as accumulated lipids could support growth following reoxygenation. Consistent with this, significantly higher proliferation was observed in hypoxic PCA cells following reoxygenation associated with rapid use of accumulated lipids. Importantly, lipid utilization inhibition by CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir and shRNA-mediated CPT1-knockdown significantly compromised hypoxic PCA cell proliferation following reoxygenation. Furthermore, COX2 inhibitor celecoxib strongly reduced growth and invasiveness following hypoxic PCA cells reoxygenation, and inhibited invasiveness induced by hypoxic PCA EVs. This establishes a role for COX2 enzymatic products in the enhanced PCA growth and invasiveness. Importantly, concentration and loading of EVs secreted by PCA cells were significantly compromised under delipidized serum condition and by lipogenesis inhibitors (fatostatin and silibinin). Overall, present study highlights the biological significance of lipid accumulation in hypoxic PCA cells and its therapeutic relevance in PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Schlaepfer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dhanya K Nambiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Ramteke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Maroni
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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220
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Fukushima A, Lopaschuk GD. Acetylation control of cardiac fatty acid β-oxidation and energy metabolism in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2211-2220. [PMID: 27479696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism are an important contributor to the cardiac pathology associated with obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. High rates of fatty acid β-oxidation with cardiac insulin resistance represent a cardiac metabolic hallmark of diabetes and obesity, while a marginal decrease in fatty acid oxidation and a prominent decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation are commonly seen in the early stages of heart failure. Alterations in post-translational control of energy metabolic processes have recently been identified as an important contributor to these metabolic changes. In particular, lysine acetylation of non-histone proteins, which controls a diverse family of mitochondrial metabolic pathways, contributes to the cardiac energy derangements seen in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Lysine acetylation is controlled both via acetyltransferases and deacetylases (sirtuins), as well as by non-enzymatic lysine acetylation due to increased acetyl CoA pool size or dysregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism (which stimulates sirtuin activity). One of the important mitochondrial acetylation targets are the fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, which contributes to alterations in cardiac substrate preference during the course of obesity, diabetes, and heart failure, and can ultimately lead to cardiac dysfunction in these disease states. This review will summarize the role of lysine acetylation and its regulatory control in the context of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. The functional contribution of cardiac protein lysine acetylation to the shift in cardiac energy substrate preference that occurs in obesity, diabetes, and especially in the early stages of heart failure will also be reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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221
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Anastasiou D. Hippo's Q for a big liver. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:835-7. [PMID: 27463251 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a key regulator of organ size that has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. Yap, one of the effectors of Hippo signalling, is now reported to support these functions by promoting glutamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
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222
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Young NP, Kamireddy A, Van Nostrand JL, Eichner LJ, Shokhirev MN, Dayn Y, Shaw RJ. AMPK governs lineage specification through Tfeb-dependent regulation of lysosomes. Genes Dev 2016; 30:535-52. [PMID: 26944679 PMCID: PMC4782048 DOI: 10.1101/gad.274142.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Faithful execution of developmental programs relies on the acquisition of unique cell identities from pluripotent progenitors, a process governed by combinatorial inputs from numerous signaling cascades that ultimately dictate lineage-specific transcriptional outputs. Despite growing evidence that metabolism is integrated with many molecular networks, how pathways that control energy homeostasis may affect cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central metabolic regulator, plays critical roles in lineage specification. Although AMPK-deficient embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were normal in the pluripotent state, these cells displayed profound defects upon differentiation, failing to generate chimeric embryos and preferentially adopting an ectodermal fate at the expense of the endoderm during embryoid body (EB) formation. AMPK(-/-) EBs exhibited reduced levels of Tfeb, a master transcriptional regulator of lysosomes, leading to diminished endolysosomal function. Remarkably, genetic loss of Tfeb also yielded endodermal defects, while AMPK-null ESCs overexpressing this transcription factor normalized their differential potential, revealing an intimate connection between Tfeb/lysosomes and germ layer specification. The compromised endolysosomal system resulting from AMPK or Tfeb inactivation blunted Wnt signaling, while up-regulating this pathway restored expression of endodermal markers. Collectively, these results uncover the AMPK pathway as a novel regulator of cell fate determination during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Young
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jeanine L Van Nostrand
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Lillian J Eichner
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Nikolaievich Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yelena Dayn
- Transgenic Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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223
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Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11960. [PMID: 27357947 PMCID: PMC4931325 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the conventional carbon sources, acetyl-CoA has recently been shown to be generated from acetate in various types of cancers, where it promotes lipid synthesis and tumour growth. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. We find that acetate induces a hyperacetylated state of histone H3 in hypoxic cells. Acetate predominately activates lipogenic genes ACACA and FASN expression by increasing H3K9, H3K27 and H3K56 acetylation levels at their promoter regions, thus enhancing de novo lipid synthesis, which combines with its function as the metabolic precursor for fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSS1, ACSS2) are involved in this acetate-mediated epigenetic regulation. More importantly, human hepatocellular carcinoma with high ACSS1/2 expression exhibit increased histone H3 acetylation and FASN expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acetate, in addition to its ability to induce fatty acid synthesis as an immediate metabolic precursor, also functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote cancer cell survival under hypoxic stress. Cancer cells under stress use acetate to maintain the acetyl-CoA pool and fuel lipid biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that acetate also promotes de novo lipid synthesis by increasing histone acetylation at the promoters of lipogenic enzymes ACACA and FASN, thus inducing their expression.
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224
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Senichkin VV, Kopeina GS, Zamaraev AV, Lavrik IN, Zhivotovsky BD. Nutrient restriction in combinatory therapy of tumors. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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225
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Orlandi I, Pellegrino Coppola D, Strippoli M, Ronzulli R, Vai M. Nicotinamide supplementation phenocopies SIR2 inactivation by modulating carbon metabolism and respiration during yeast chronological aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:277-287. [PMID: 27320176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, is a byproduct and noncompetitive inhibitor of the deacetylation reaction catalyzed by Sirtuins. These represent a family of evolutionarily conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylases that are well-known critical regulators of metabolism and aging and whose founding member is Sir2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we investigated the effects of NAM supplementation in the context of yeast chronological aging, the established model for studying aging of postmitotic quiescent mammalian cells. Our data show that NAM supplementation at the diauxic shift results in a phenocopy of chronologically aging sir2Δ cells. In fact, NAM-supplemented cells display the same chronological lifespan extension both in expired medium and extreme Calorie Restriction. Furthermore, NAM allows the cells to push their metabolism toward the same outcomes of sir2Δ cells by elevating the level of the acetylated Pck1. Both these cells have the same metabolic changes that concern not only anabolic pathways such as an increased gluconeogenesis but also respiratory activity in terms both of respiratory rate and state of respiration. In particular, they have a higher respiratory reserve capacity and a lower non-phosphorylating respiration that in concert with a low burden of superoxide anions can affect positively chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Orlandi
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Pellegrino Coppola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Strippoli
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Ronzulli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Vai
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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226
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The Metabolic Impact on Histone Acetylation and Transcription in Ageing. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:700-711. [PMID: 27283514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of cellular homeostasis during aging results in altered tissue functions and leads to a general decline in fitness and, ultimately, death. As animals age, the control of gene expression, which is orchestrated by multiple epigenetic factors, degenerates. In parallel, metabolic activity and mitochondrial protein acetylation levels also change. These two hallmarks of aging are effectively linked through the accumulating evidence that histone acetylation patterns are susceptible to alterations in key metabolites such as acetyl-CoA and NAD(+), allowing chromatin to function as a sensor of cellular metabolism. In this review we discuss experimental data supporting these connections and provide a context for the possible medical and physiological relevance.
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227
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Sood RF, Gu H, Djukovic D, Deng L, Ga M, Muffley LA, Raftery D, Hocking AM. Targeted metabolic profiling of wounds in diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:423-34. [PMID: 25845676 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While cellular metabolism is known to regulate a number of key biological processes such as cell growth and proliferation, its role in wound healing is unknown. We hypothesized that cutaneous injury would induce significant metabolic changes and that the impaired wound healing seen in diabetes would be associated with a dysfunctional metabolic response to injury. We used a targeted metabolomics approach to characterize the metabolic profile of uninjured skin and full-thickness wounds at day 7 postinjury in nondiabetic (db/-) and diabetic (db/db) mice. By liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified 129 metabolites among all tissue samples. Principal component analysis demonstrated that uninjured skin and wounds have distinct metabolic profiles and that diabetes alters the metabolic profile of both uninjured skin and wounds. Examining individual metabolites, we identified 62 with a significantly altered response to injury in the diabetic mice, with many of these, including glycine, kynurenate, and OH-phenylpyruvate, implicated in wound healing for the first time. Thus, we report the first comprehensive analysis of wound metabolic profiles, and our results highlight the potential for metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improved wound healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi F Sood
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Research & Training Building, University of Washington
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Lingli Deng
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Maricar Ga
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Research & Training Building, University of Washington
| | - Lara A Muffley
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Research & Training Building, University of Washington
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M Hocking
- Department of Surgery, Harborview Research & Training Building, University of Washington
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228
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Antunes-Fernandes EC, van Gastelen S, Dijkstra J, Hettinga KA, Vervoort J. Milk metabolome relates enteric methane emission to milk synthesis and energy metabolism pathways. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6251-6262. [PMID: 27236769 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emission of dairy cows contributes significantly to the carbon footprint of the dairy chain; therefore, a better understanding of CH4 formation is urgently needed. The present study explored the milk metabolome by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (milk volatile metabolites) and nuclear magnetic resonance (milk nonvolatile metabolites) to better understand the biological pathways involved in CH4 emission in dairy cattle. Data were used from a randomized block design experiment with 32 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows and 4 diets. All diets had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 80:20 (dry matter basis) and the roughage was grass silage (GS), corn silage (CS), or a mixture of both (67% GS, 33% CS; 33% GS, 67% CS). Methane emission was measured in climate respiration chambers and expressed as CH4 yield (per unit of dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (per unit of fat- and protein-corrected milk; FPCM). No volatile or nonvolatile metabolite was positively related to CH4 yield, and acetone (measured as a volatile and as a nonvolatile metabolite) was negatively related to CH4 yield. The volatile metabolites 1-heptanol-decanol, 3-nonanone, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran were positively related to CH4 intensity. None of the volatile metabolites was negatively related to CH4 intensity. The nonvolatile metabolites acetoacetate, creatinine, ethanol, formate, methylmalonate, and N-acetylsugar A were positively related to CH4 intensity, and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-hexose B and citrate were negatively related to CH4 intensity. Several volatile and nonvolatile metabolites that were correlated with CH4 intensity also were correlated with FPCM and not significantly related to CH4 intensity anymore when FPCM was included as covariate. This suggests that changes in these milk metabolites may be related to changes in milk yield or metabolic processes involved in milk synthesis. The UDP-hexose B was correlated with FPCM, whereas citrate was not. Both metabolites were still related to CH4 intensity when FPCM was included as covariate. The UDP-hexose B is an intermediate of lactose metabolism, and citrate is an important intermediate of Krebs cycle-related energy processes. Therefore, the negative correlation of UDP-hexose B and citrate with CH4 intensity may reflect a decrease in metabolic activity in the mammary gland. Our results suggest that an integrative approach including milk yield and composition, and dietary and animal traits will help to explain the biological metabolism of dairy cows in relation to methane CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Antunes-Fernandes
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S van Gastelen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K A Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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229
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Li T, Sun Y, Liang Y, Liu Q, Shi Y, Zhang CS, Zhang C, Song L, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li X, Chen T, Huang HY, He X, Wang Y, Wu YQ, Chen S, Jiang M, Chen C, Xie C, Yang J, Lin Y, Zhao S, Ye Z, Lin SY, Chiu DY, Lin SC. ULK1/2 Constitute a Bifurcate Node Controlling Glucose Metabolic Fluxes in Addition to Autophagy. Mol Cell 2016; 62:359-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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230
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Xu JY, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Ye BC. Lysine Malonylome May Affect the Central Metabolism and Erythromycin Biosynthesis Pathway in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1685-701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Xu
- Lab
of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Lab
of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Lab
of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab
of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China
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231
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Pusapati RV, Daemen A, Wilson C, Sandoval W, Gao M, Haley B, Baudy AR, Hatzivassiliou G, Evangelista M, Settleman J. mTORC1-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming Underlies Escape from Glycolysis Addiction in Cancer Cells. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:548-562. [PMID: 27052953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although glycolysis is substantially elevated in many tumors, therapeutic targeting of glycolysis in cancer patients has not yet been successful, potentially reflecting the metabolic plasticity of tumor cells. In various cancer cells exposed to a continuous glycolytic block, we identified a recurrent reprogramming mechanism involving sustained mTORC1 signaling that underlies escape from glycolytic addiction. Active mTORC1 directs increased glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway back into glycolysis, thereby circumventing a glycolysis block and ensuring adequate ATP and biomass production. Combined inhibition of glycolysis and mTORC1 signaling disrupted metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies to realize the potential benefit from targeting the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju V Pusapati
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Catherine Wilson
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andreas R Baudy
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Marie Evangelista
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Jeff Settleman
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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232
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Selwan EM, Finicle BT, Kim SM, Edinger AL. Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:885-907. [PMID: 26938658 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive anabolism of cancer cells not only supports proliferation but also addicts tumor cells to a steady influx of exogenous nutrients. Limiting access to metabolic substrates could be an effective and selective means to block cancer growth. In this review, we define the pathways by which cancer cells acquire the raw materials for anabolism, highlight the actionable proteins in each pathway, and discuss the status of therapeutic interventions that disrupt nutrient acquisition. Critical open questions to be answered before apical metabolic inhibitors can be successfully and safely deployed in the clinic are also outlined. In summary, recent studies provide strong support that substrate limitation is a powerful therapeutic strategy to effectively, and safely, starve cancer cells to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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233
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. AMPK/Snf1 signaling regulates histone acetylation: Impact on gene expression and epigenetic functions. Cell Signal 2016; 28:887-95. [PMID: 27010499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its yeast homolog, Snf1, are critical regulators in the maintenance of energy metabolic balance not only stimulating energy production but also inhibiting energy-consuming processes. The AMPK/Snf1 signaling controls energy metabolism by specific phosphorylation of many metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, enhancing or suppressing their functions. The AMPK/Snf1 complexes can be translocated from cytoplasm into nuclei where they are involved in the regulation of transcription. Recent studies have indicated that AMPK/Snf1 activation can control histone acetylation through different mechanisms affecting not only gene transcription but also many other epigenetic functions. For instance, AMPK/Snf1 enzymes can phosphorylate the histone H3S10 (yeast) and H2BS36 (mammalian) sites which activate specific histone acetyltransferases (HAT), consequently enhancing histone acetylation. Moreover, nuclear AMPK can phosphorylate type 2A histone deacetylases (HDAC), e.g. HDAC4 and HDAC5, triggering their export from nuclei thus promoting histone acetylation reactions. AMPK activation can also increase the level of acetyl CoA, e.g. by inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses. Acetyl CoA is a substrate for HATs, thus increasing their capacity for histone acetylation. On the other hand, AMPK can stimulate the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) which increases the level of NAD(+). NAD(+) is a substrate for nuclear sirtuins, especially for SIRT1 and SIRT6, which deacetylate histones and transcription factors, e.g. those regulating ribosome synthesis and circadian clocks. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification which subsequently can affect chromatin remodeling, e.g. via bromodomain proteins. We will review the signaling mechanisms of AMPK/Snf1 in the control of histone acetylation and subsequently clarify their role in the epigenetic regulation of ribosome synthesis and circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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234
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Park JB. Finding Potent Sirt Inhibitor in Coffee: Isolation, Confirmation and Synthesis of Javamide-II (N-Caffeoyltryptophan) as Sirt1/2 Inhibitor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150392. [PMID: 26986569 PMCID: PMC4795788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Sirt inhibition may have beneficial effects on several human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Coffee is one of most popular beverages with several positive health effects. Therefore, in this paper, potential Sirt inhibitors were screened using coffee extract. First, HPLC was utilized to fractionate coffee extract, then screened using a Sirt1/2 inhibition assay. The screening led to the isolation of a potent Sirt1/2 inhibitor, whose structure was determined as javamide-II (N-caffeoyltryptophan) by NMR. For confirmation, the amide was chemically synthesized and its capacity of inhibiting Sirt1/2 was also compared with the isolated amide. Javamide-II inhibited Sirt2 (IC50; 8.7μM) better than Sirt1(IC50; 34μM). Since javamide-II is a stronger inhibitor for Sirt2 than Sirt1. The kinetic study was performed against Sirt2. The amide exhibited noncompetitive Sirt2 inhibition against the NAD+ (Ki = 9.8 μM) and showed competitive inhibition against the peptide substrate (Ki = 5.3 μM). Also, a docking simulation showed stronger binding pose of javamide-II to Sirt2 than AGK2. In cellular levels, javamide-II was able to increase the acetylation of total lysine, cortactin and histone H3 in neuronal NG108-15 cells. In the same cells, the amide also increased the acetylation of lysine (K382) in p53, but not (K305). This study suggests that Javamide-II found in coffee may be a potent Sirt1/2 inhibitor, probably with potential use in some conditions of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B. Park
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Bldg. 307C, Rm. 131, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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235
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Mitochondria in pluripotent stem cells: stemness regulators and disease targets. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:1-7. [PMID: 26953561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their canonical role in efficient ATP production through oxidative metabolism, mitochondria are increasingly recognized as critical in defining stem cell function and fate. Implicating a fundamental interplay within the epigenetics of eukaryotic cell systems, the integrity of mitochondria is found vital across the developmental/differentiation spectrum from securing pluripotency maintenance to informing organotypic decisions. This overview will discuss recent progress on examining the plasticity of mitochondria in enabling the execution of programming and reprogramming regimens, as well as the application of nuclear reprogramming and somatic cell nuclear transfer as rescue techniques to generate genetically and functionally corrected pluripotent stem cells from patients with mitochondrial DNA-based disease.
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236
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Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that metabolism and chromatin dynamics are not separate processes but that they functionally intersect in many ways. For example, the lysine biosynthetic enzyme homocitrate synthase was recently shown to have unexpected functions in DNA damage repair, raising the question of whether other amino acid metabolic enzymes participate in chromatin regulation. Using an in silico screen combined with reporter assays, we discovered that a diverse range of metabolic enzymes function in heterochromatin regulation. Extended analysis of the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Gdh1) revealed that it regulates silent information regulator complex recruitment to telomeres and ribosomal DNA. Enhanced N-terminal histone H3 proteolysis is observed in GDH1 mutants, consistent with telomeric silencing defects. A conserved catalytic Asp residue is required for Gdh1's functions in telomeric silencing and H3 clipping. Genetic modulation of α-ketoglutarate levels demonstrates a key regulatory role for this metabolite in telomeric silencing. The metabolic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase thus has important and previously unsuspected roles in regulating chromatin-related processes.
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237
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Qiao Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Sun F, Wang J. High Glucose Stimulates Tumorigenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through AGER-Dependent O-GlcNAcylation of c-Jun. Diabetes 2016; 65:619-32. [PMID: 26825459 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a strong relationship with diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that high glucose (HG), one of the main characteristics of diabetes, was capable of accelerating tumorigenesis in HCC cells. Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (AGER) was identified as a stimulator during this process. Mechanistically, AGER activated a hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, leading to enhanced O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins. Notably, AGER was capable of increasing activity and stability of proto-oncoprotein c-Jun via O-GlcNAcylation of this protein at Ser73. Interestingly, c-Jun can conversely enhance AGER transcription. Thereby, a positive autoregulatory feedback loop that stimulates diabetic HCC was established. Finally, we found that AG490, an inhibitor of Janus kinase, has the ability to impair AGER expression and its functions in HCC cells. In conclusion, AGER and its functions to stimulate O-GlcNAcylation are important during liver tumorigenesis, when high blood glucose levels are inadequately controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfan Liu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
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239
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Urasaki Y, Fiscus RR, Le TT. Molecular classification of fatty liver by high-throughput profiling of protein post-translational modifications. J Pathol 2016; 238:641-50. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Urasaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Roseman University of Health Sciences; 10530 Discovery Drive Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Ronald R Fiscus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Roseman University of Health Sciences; 10530 Discovery Drive Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Thuc T Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Roseman University of Health Sciences; 10530 Discovery Drive Las Vegas NV USA
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240
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Shen C, Xue J, Sun T, Guo H, Zhang L, Meng Y, Wang H. Succinyl-proteome profiling of a high taxol containing hybrid Taxus species (Taxus × media) revealed involvement of succinylation in multiple metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21764. [PMID: 26902839 PMCID: PMC4763222 DOI: 10.1038/srep21764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine succinylation, a ubiquitous protein post-translational modification among eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, represents a vital regulator of various metabolic processes. However, little is known about its functions and cellular distribution in Taxus × media, which is a hybrid Taxus species containing a high content of taxol. In this study, LC-MS/MS was used to identify peptides enriched by immune-purification with high-efficiency succinyl-lysine antibody. A total of 193 succinylated proteins and 325 succinylation sites were identified. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that these succinylated proteins were involved in a wide range of cellular functions from metabolism to protein binding and showed diverse subcellular localizations. Furthermore, our findings suggested that lysine succinylation in Taxus × media involved a diverse array of metabolic processes and protein-protein interactions. Many enzymes involved in multiple metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and carbon fixation, were identified as substrates for lysine succinylation, suggesting the presence of a common mechanism underlying the participation of succinylation in metabolic regulation. These results provide the first comprehensive view of the succinylome of Taxus × media and may catalyze future biological investigation of succinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Jie Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hong Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | - Yijun Meng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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241
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Folmes CDL, Terzic A. Energy metabolism in the acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:68-75. [PMID: 26868758 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is traditionally considered a reactive homeostatic system addressing stage-specific cellular energy needs. There is however growing appreciation of metabolic pathways in the active control of vital cell functions. Case in point, the stem cell lifecycle--from maintenance and acquisition of stemness to lineage commitment and specification--is increasingly recognized as a metabolism-dependent process. Indeed, metabolic reprogramming is an early contributor to the orchestrated departure from or reacquisition of stemness. Recent advances in metabolomics have helped decipher the identity and dynamics of metabolic fluxes implicated in fueling cell fate choices by regulating the epigenetic and transcriptional identity of a cell. Metabolic cues, internal and/or external to the stem cell niche, facilitate progenitor pool restitution, long-term tissue renewal or ensure adoption of cytoprotective behavior. Convergence of energy metabolism with stem cell fate regulation opens a new avenue in understanding primordial developmental biology principles with future applications in regenerative medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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242
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Gwak H, Kim S, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Resveratrol triggers ER stress-mediated apoptosis by disrupting N -linked glycosylation of proteins in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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243
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Beebe K, Kennedy AD. Sharpening Precision Medicine by a Thorough Interrogation of Metabolic Individuality. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:97-105. [PMID: 26929792 PMCID: PMC4744241 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is an active component of medical practice today, but aspirations are to both broaden its reach to a greater diversity of individuals and improve its “precision” by enhancing the ability to define even more disease states in combination with associated treatments. Given complexity of human phenotypes, much work is required. In this review, we deconstruct this challenge at a high level to define what is needed to move closer toward these aspirations. In the context of the variables that influence the diverse array of phenotypes across human health and disease – genetics, epigenetics, environmental influences, and the microbiome – we detail the factors behind why an individual's biochemical (metabolite) composition is increasingly regarded as a key element to precisely defining phenotypes. Although an individual's biochemical (metabolite) composition is generally regarded, and frequently shown, to be a surrogate to the phenotypic state, we review how metabolites (and therefore an individual's metabolic profile) are also functionally related to the myriad of phenotypic influencers like genetics and the microbiota. We describe how using the technology to comprehensively measure an individual's biochemical profile – metabolomics – is integrative to defining individual phenotypes and how it is currently being deployed in efforts to continue to elaborate on human health and disease in large population studies. Finally, we summarize instances where metabolomics is being used to assess individual health in instances where signatures (i.e. biomarkers) have been defined. Untargeted biochemical profiling has the potential to phenotype individuals where genetic associations do not seem to show penetrance Metabolomics can be leveraged with other ‘omics data to discern phenotype information that is driven by environmental, microbiota, or epigenetic factors. Tracking the biochemical profile of individuals may help discern effectiveness or response to treatment or disease progression.
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244
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Reduced Histone Expression or a Defect in Chromatin Assembly Induces Respiration. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1064-77. [PMID: 26787838 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00770-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration is a complex process that involves several signaling pathways and transcription factors as well as communication between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here we show that decreased expression of histones or a defect in nucleosome assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers, oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, and expression of genes encoding enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The metabolic shift from fermentation to respiration induced by altered chromatin structure is associated with the induction of the retrograde (RTG) pathway and requires the activity of the Hap2/3/4/5p complex as well as the transport and metabolism of pyruvate in mitochondria. Together, our data indicate that altered chromatin structure relieves glucose repression of mitochondrial respiration by inducing transcription of the TCA cycle and OXPHOS genes carried by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
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Peleg S, Feller C, Forne I, Schiller E, Sévin DC, Schauer T, Regnard C, Straub T, Prestel M, Klima C, Schmitt Nogueira M, Becker L, Klopstock T, Sauer U, Becker PB, Imhof A, Ladurner AG. Life span extension by targeting a link between metabolism and histone acetylation in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:455-69. [PMID: 26781291 PMCID: PMC4772992 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201541132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Old age is associated with a progressive decline of mitochondrial function and changes in nuclear chromatin. However, little is known about how metabolic activity and epigenetic modifications change as organisms reach their midlife. Here, we assessed how cellular metabolism and protein acetylation change during early aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Contrary to common assumptions, we find that flies increase oxygen consumption and become less sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors as they reach midlife. Further, midlife flies show changes in the metabolome, elevated acetyl-CoA levels, alterations in protein-notably histone-acetylation, as well as associated transcriptome changes. Based on these observations, we decreased the activity of the acetyl-CoA-synthesizing enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ATPCL) or the levels of the histone H4 K12-specific acetyltransferase Chameau. We find that these targeted interventions both alleviate the observed aging-associated changes and promote longevity. Our findings reveal a pathway that couples changes of intermediate metabolism during aging with the chromatin-mediated regulation of transcription and changes in the activity of associated enzymes that modulate organismal life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahaf Peleg
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Feller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel C Sévin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland PhD Program on Systems Biology, Life Science Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Catherine Regnard
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Klima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitt Nogueira
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environment and Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Liberti MV, Locasale JW. The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells? Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:211-218. [PMID: 26778478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2767] [Impact Index Per Article: 345.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and long-term maintenance. The common feature of this altered metabolism is the increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate. This phenomenon is observed even in the presence of completely functioning mitochondria and, together, is known as the 'Warburg Effect'. The Warburg Effect has been documented for over 90 years and extensively studied over the past 10 years, with thousands of papers reporting to have established either its causes or its functions. Despite this intense interest, the function of the Warburg Effect remains unclear. Here, we analyze several proposed explanations for the function of Warburg Effect, emphasize their rationale, and discuss their controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Liberti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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Teng H, Chen L, Song H. The potential beneficial effects of phenolic compounds isolated from A. pilosa Ledeb on insulin-resistant hepatic HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:4400-4409. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Agrimonia pilosaLedeb (AP) has already been applied in practice for the treatment of different disorders and is available to access without the provision of a medical prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou
- China
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249
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Santinon G, Pocaterra A, Dupont S. Control of YAP/TAZ Activity by Metabolic and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:289-299. [PMID: 26750334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental cellular function that can be reprogrammed by signaling pathways and oncogenes to meet cellular requirements. An emerging paradigm is that signaling and transcriptional networks can be in turn regulated by metabolism, allowing cells to coordinate their metabolism and behavior in an integrated manner. The activity of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators, downstream transducers of the Hippo cascade and powerful pro-oncogenic factors, was recently found to be regulated by metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis and mevalonate synthesis, and by the nutrient-sensing LKB1-AMPK and TSC-mTOR pathways. We discuss here current data linking YAP/TAZ to metabolism and suggest how this coupling might coordinate nutrient availability with genetic programs that sustain tissue growth, neoplastic cell proliferation, and tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santinon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Arianna Pocaterra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Sirio Dupont
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy.
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Wang L, Cheng L, Wang H, Pan H, Yang H, Shao M, Hu T. Glycometabolic reprogramming associated with the initiation of human dental pulp stem cell differentiation. Cell Biol Int 2015; 40:308-17. [PMID: 26634800 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycometabolism, particularly mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, plays a central role in cell life activities. Glycometabolism can be reprogrammed to maintain the stemness or to induce the differentiation of stem cells, thereby regulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, research on the glycometabolism of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) remains scarce. Here, we investigated the relationship between glycometabolic reprogramming and initiation of hDPSC differentiation. We found the differentiation of hDPSCs commenced on day 3 when cells were cultured in mineralized medium. When cell differentiation commenced, mitochondria became elongated with well-developed cristae, and the oxygen consumption rate of mitochondria was enhanced, manifested as an increase in basal respiration, mitochondrial ATP production, and maximal respiration. Interestingly, glycolytic enzyme activities, glycolysis capacity, and glycolysis reserve were also upregulated at this time to match the powerful bioenergetic demands. More importantly, hDPSCs derived from different donors or cultured in various oxygen environments showed similar glycometabolic changes when they began to differentiate. Thus, glycometabolic reprogramming accompanies initiation of hDPSC differentiation and could potentially play a role in the regulation of dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine Sichuan, University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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