201
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Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G, Pilarczyk G. Networks and Islands of Genome Nano-architecture and Their Potential Relevance for Radiation Biology : (A Hypothesis and Experimental Verification Hints). Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:3-34. [PMID: 36348103 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cell nucleus is a complex biological system in which simultaneous reactions and functions take place to keep the cell as an individualized, specialized system running well. The cell nucleus contains chromatin packed in various degrees of density and separated in volumes of chromosome territories and subchromosomal domains. Between the chromatin, however, there is enough "free" space for floating RNA, proteins, enzymes, ATPs, ions, water molecules, etc. which are trafficking by super- and supra-diffusion to the interaction points where they are required. It seems that this trafficking works somehow automatically and drives the system perfectly. After exposure to ionizing radiation causing DNA damage from single base damage up to chromatin double-strand breaks, the whole system "cell nucleus" responds, and repair processes are starting to recover the fully functional and intact system. In molecular biology, many individual epigenetic pathways of DNA damage response or repair of single and double-strand breaks are described. How these responses are embedded into the response of the system as a whole is often out of the focus of consideration. In this article, we want to follow the hypothesis of chromatin architecture's impact on epigenetic pathways and vice versa. Based on the assumption that chromatin acts like an "aperiodic solid state within a limited volume," functionally determined networks and local topologies ("islands") can be defined that drive the appropriate repair process at a given damage site. Experimental results of investigations of the chromatin nano-architecture and DNA repair clusters obtained by means of single-molecule localization microscopy offer hints and perspectives that may contribute to verifying the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Götz Pilarczyk
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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202
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Li YL, Wang ZX, Ying CZ, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Decoding the Role of Familial Parkinson’s Disease-Related Genes in DNA Damage and Repair. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1405-1412. [PMID: 36186134 PMCID: PMC9466978 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Over the years, researchers have gained extensive knowledge about dopaminergic neuron degeneration from the perspective of the environmental and disease-causing genetic factors; however, there is still no disease-modifying therapy. Aging has long been recognized as a major risk factor for PD; however, little is known about how aging contributes to the disease development. Genome instability is the main driving force behind aging, and has been poorly studied in patients with PD. Here, we summarize the evidence for nuclear DNA damage in PD. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of nuclear DNA damage and repair in PD, especially from the perspective of familial PD-related mutant genes. Understanding the significance of DNA damage and repair may provide new potential intervention targets for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia-Li Pu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jia-Li Pu Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .
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203
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Abstract
Development of B cells requires the programmed generation and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in antigen receptor genes. Investigation of the cellular responses to these DNA breaks has established important insights into B cell development and, more broadly, has provided fundamental advances into the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response pathways. Abelson transformed pre-B cell lines and primary pre-B cell cultures are malleable experimental systems with diverse applications for studying DNA damage responses. This chapter describes methods for generating these cellular systems, inducing and quantifying DSBs, and assessing DNA damage programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynn S White
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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204
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Wu L, Sowers JR, Zhang Y, Ren J. OUP accepted manuscript. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:691-709. [PMID: 35576480 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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205
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Bhattacharjee S, Rehman I, Nandy S, Das BB. Post-translational regulation of Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1 and TDP2) for the repair of the trapped topoisomerase-DNA covalent complex. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 111:103277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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206
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Ruiz de Porras V, Font A, Aytes A. Chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Current scenario and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:162-169. [PMID: 34517086 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Taxanes - docetaxel and cabazitaxel - are the most active chemotherapy drugs currently used for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, despite a good initial response and survival benefit, nearly all patients eventually develop resistance, which is an important barrier to long-term survival. Resistance to taxanes is also associated with cross-resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs). Unfortunately, other than platinum-based treatments, which have demonstrated some benefit in a subset of patients with Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer (AVPC), few therapeutic options are available to patients progressing to taxanes. Hence, more research is required to determine whether platinum-based chemotherapy will confer a survival benefit in mCRPC, and the identification of predictive biomarkers and the clinical evaluation of platinum compounds in molecularly selected patients is an urgent but unmet clinical need. The present review focuses on the current status of chemotherapy treatments in mCRPC, interactions with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and novel ARSIs, and the main mechanisms of resistance. We will examine the impact of platinum-based treatments in mCRPC and summarize the known predictive biomarkers of platinum response. Finally, future approaches and avenues will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Albert Font
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (BARGO), Badalona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBELL), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
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207
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Tian Z, Liu H, Chen X, Losiewicz MD, Wang R, Du X, Wang B, Ma Y, Zhang S, Shi L, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhang B, Yuan S, Zeng X, Zhang H. The activated ATM/p53 pathway promotes autophagy in response to oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage induced by Microcystin-LR in male germ cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112919. [PMID: 34715501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an intracellular toxin with multi-organ toxicity and the testis is one of its important target organs. Although there is increasing research on MC-LR in male reproductive toxicity, the association between DNA damage and autophagy induced by MC-LR in male germ cells are still unclear. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of MC-LR-induced DNA damage and the role of the activated ATM/p53 signaling pathway in testicular toxicity. The present study showed that MC-LR exposure significantly reduced gonadal index and induced pathological damage of the testes in mice. In addition, MC-LR increased the oxidative stress-related indicator hydroxyl radical, accompanied by increased levels of DNA damage-related indicators gamma-H2AX, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, the olive tail moment (OTM) and DNA content of comet tail (TailDNA%) in trailing cells. Moreover, MC-LR activated the ATM/p53 pathway by enhancing the phosphorylation levels of ATM, CHK2 and p53 proteins, and then led to cell autophagy, ultimately triggering disrupted testicular cell arrangement, reduced sperm count and spermatogenic cell shedding. Importantly, after pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC, the expression levels of DNA damage-related indicators and the extent of damage in male germ cells were significantly reduced. Furthermore, pretreatment with the ATM inhibitor KU55933 could reduce the occurrence of autophagy and mitigate testicular toxicity of MC-LR through inhibiting the activation of the ATM/p53 pathway. These results indicate that MC-LR-induced oxidative stress can activate the DNA damage-mediated ATM/p53 signalling pathway to induce autophagy in male germ cells. This study provides a novel insight to further clarify the reproductive toxicity caused by MC-LR and to protect male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Losiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ya Ma
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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208
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Dong C, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu L, Yang D, Gao S, Zhang W, Ling B, Liang A, Gao Z, Xu J. ATM modulates subventricular zone neural stem cell maintenance and senescence through Notch signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2021; 58:102618. [PMID: 34915311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays an essential role in DNA damage response and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, the role of ATM in regulating the function of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) remains unclear. Here we report that ATM deficiency led to accumulated DNA damage and decreased DNA damage repair capacity in neural progenitor cells. Moreover, we observed ATM ablation lead to the short-term increase of proliferation of neural progenitor cells, resulting in the depletion of the NSC pool over time, and this loss of NSC quiescence resulted in accelerated cell senescence. We further apply RNA sequencing to unravel that ATM knockout significantly affected Notch signaling pathway, furthermore, notch activation inhibit the abnormal increased proliferation of ATM-/- NSCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that ATM can serve as a key regulator for the normal function of adult NSCs by maintaining their stemness and preventing cellular senescence primarily through Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shane Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Bin Ling
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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209
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Levi H, Bar E, Cohen-Adiv S, Sweitat S, Kanner S, Galron R, Mitiagin Y, Barzilai A. Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia-telangiectasia. Glia 2021; 70:536-557. [PMID: 34854502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin-resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A-T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm-/- mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm-deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Cohen-Adiv
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzan Sweitat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Kanner
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Galron
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Mitiagin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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210
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Khanam T, Muñoz I, Weiland F, Carroll T, Morgan M, Borsos BN, Pantazi V, Slean M, Novak M, Toth R, Appleton P, Pankotai T, Zhou H, Rouse J. CDKL5 kinase controls transcription-coupled responses to DNA damage. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108271. [PMID: 34605059 PMCID: PMC8634139 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the CDKL5 kinase are among the most common genetic causes of childhood epilepsy and can also give rise to the severe neurodevelopmental condition CDD (CDKL5 deficiency disorder). Despite its importance for human health, the phosphorylation targets and cellular roles of CDKL5 are poorly understood, especially in the cell nucleus. Here, we report that CDKL5 is recruited to sites of DNA damage in actively transcribed regions of the nucleus. A quantitative phosphoproteomic screen for nuclear CDKL5 substrates reveals a network of transcriptional regulators including Elongin A (ELOA), phosphorylated on a specific CDKL5 consensus motif. Recruitment of CDKL5 and ELOA to damaged DNA, and subsequent phosphorylation of ELOA, requires both active transcription and the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), to which CDKL5 can bind. Critically, CDKL5 kinase activity is essential for the transcriptional silencing of genes induced by DNA double-strand breaks. Thus, CDKL5 is a DNA damage-sensing, PAR-controlled transcriptional modulator, a finding with implications for understanding the molecular basis of CDKL5-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taran Khanam
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Ivan Muñoz
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Florian Weiland
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Present address:
Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S)Centre for Food and Microbial Technology (CLMT)Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology (EFBT)Technology Campus Ghent, KU LeuvenGhentBelgium
| | - Thomas Carroll
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Michael Morgan
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Barbara N Borsos
- Albert Szent‐Györgyi Medical SchoolInstitute of PathologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Vasiliki Pantazi
- Albert Szent‐Györgyi Medical SchoolInstitute of PathologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Meghan Slean
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Present address:
Department of Medical GeneticsNational Health Service, Polwarth BuildingForesterhillUK
| | - Miroslav Novak
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Present address:
Jacqui Wood Cancer CentreNinewells HospitalUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Reagents and ServicesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Paul Appleton
- Dundee Imaging FacilitySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Albert Szent‐Györgyi Medical SchoolInstitute of PathologyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
- Present address:
Bioscience Core LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - John Rouse
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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211
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Yeo AJ, Subramanian GN, Chong KL, Gatei M, Parton RG, Coman D, Lavin MF. An anaplerotic approach to correct the mitochondrial dysfunction in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Mol Metab 2021; 54:101354. [PMID: 34637921 PMCID: PMC8599162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATM, the protein defective in the human genetic disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) plays a central role in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. We showed that A-T cells are hypersensitive to metabolic stress which can be accounted for by a failure to exhibit efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial signalling and Ca2+ transfer in response to nutrient deprivation resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of the current study is to use an anaplerotic approach using the fatty acid, heptanoate (C7), a metabolic product of the triglyceride, triheptanoin to correct the defect in ER-mitochondrial signalling and enhance cell survival of A-T cells in response to metabolic stress. METHODS We treated control cells and A-T cells with the anaplerotic agent, heptanoate to determine their sensitivity to metabolic stress induced by inhibition of glycolysis with 2- deoxyglucose (2DG) using live-cell imaging to monitor cell survival for 72 h using the Incucyte system. We examined ER-mitochondrial signalling in A-T cells exposed to metabolic stress using a suite of techniques including immunofluorescence staining of Grp75, ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ channel, the VAPB-PTPIP51 ER-mitochondrial tether complexes as well as proximity ligation assays between Grp75-IP3R1 and VAPB1-PTPIP51 to establish a functional interaction between ER and mitochondria. Finally, we also performed metabolomic analysis using LC-MS/MS assay to determine altered levels of TCA intermediates A-T cells compared to healthy control cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that heptanoate corrects all aspects of the defective ER-mitochondrial signalling observed in A-T cells. Heptanoate enhances ER-mitochondrial contacts; increases the flow of calcium from the ER to the mitochondrion; restores normal mitochondrial function and mitophagy and increases the resistance of ATM-deficient cells and cells from A-T patients to metabolic stress-induced killing. The defect in mitochondrial function in ATM-deficient cells was accompanied by more reliance on aerobic glycolysis as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), accumulation of lactate, and reduced levels of both acetyl CoA and ATP which are all restored by heptanoate. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that heptanoate corrects metabolic stress in A-T cells by restoring ER-mitochondria signalling and mitochondrial function and suggest that the parent compound, triheptanoin, has immense potential as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - G N Subramanian
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K L Chong
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Gatei
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Coman
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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212
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Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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213
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Dragojevic S, Ji J, Singh PK, Connors MA, Mutter RW, Lester SC, Talele SM, Zhang W, Carlson BL, Remmes NB, Park SS, Elmquist WF, Krishnan S, Tryggestad EJ, Sarkaria JN. Preclinical Risk Evaluation of Normal Tissue Injury With Novel Radiosensitizers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:e54-e62. [PMID: 34400266 PMCID: PMC8764622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic damage induced by radiation triggers a highly coordinated DNA damage response, and molecular inhibitors of key nodes within this complex response network can profoundly enhance the antitumor efficacy of radiation. This is especially true for drugs targeting the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, which is a core component of the nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair pathway, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated, which coordinates cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair functionalities after radiation exposure. Unlike the more modest in vitro radiosensitizing effects seen with classic sensitizing agents such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or taxanes, DNA-dependent protein kinase or ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibitors provide much more robust sensitizing effects in vitro, as might be anticipated from targeting these key DNA repair modulators. However, patients with homozygous inactivating mutations of ataxia telangiectasia mutated or mice with homozygous defects in DNA-dependent protein kinase (severe combined immunodeficiency) have profoundly enhanced acute normal tissue radiation reactions. Therefore, there is significant potential that the combination of small molecule inhibitors of these kinases with radiation could cause similar dose-limiting acute normal tissue toxicities. Similarly, although less understood, inhibition of these DNA repair response pathways could markedly increase the risk of late radiation toxicities. Because these potent radiosensitizers could be highly useful to improve local control of otherwise radiation-resistant tumors, understanding the potential for elevated risks of radiation injury is essential for optimizing therapeutic ratio and developing safe and informative clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss 2 straightforward models to assess the potential for enhanced mucosal toxicity in the oral cavity and small intestine established in our laboratories. We also will discuss similar strategies for evaluating potential drug-radiation interactions with regard to increased risks of debilitating late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Dragojevic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jianxiong Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott C Lester
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Surabhi M Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Sean S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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214
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Meng Q, Zaharieva EK, Sasatani M, Kobayashi J. Possible relationship between mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress under low dose-rate irradiation. Redox Rep 2021; 26:160-169. [PMID: 34435550 PMCID: PMC8405122 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1971363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: High dose-rate ionizing radiation (IR) causes severe DSB damage, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress. However, it is unknown what biological processes are affected by low dose-rate IR; therefore, the molecular relationships between mitochondria changes and oxidative stress in human normal cells was investigated after low dose-rate IR.Methods: We compared several cellular response between high and low dose-rate irradiation using cell survival assay, ROS/RNS assay, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis.Results: Reduced DSB damage and increased levels of ROS, with subsequent oxidative stress responses, were observed in normal cells after low dose-rate IR. Low dose-rate IR caused several mitochondrial changes, including morphology mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that mitochondrial damage was caused. Although damaged mitochondria were removed by mitophagy to stop ROS leakage, the mitophagy-regulatory factor, PINK1, was reduced following low dose-rate IR. Although mitochondrial dynamics (fission/fusion events) are important for the proper mitophagy process, some mitochondrial fusion factors decreased following low dose-rate IR.Discussion: The dysfunction of mitophagy pathway under low dose-rate IR increased ROS and the subsequent activation of the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Meng
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Elena Karamfilova Zaharieva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
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215
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Thielhelm TP, Goncalves S, Welford S, Mellon EA, Bracho O, Estivil M, Brown C, Morcos J, Ivan ME, Telischi F, Fernandez-Valle C, Dinh CT. Primary Vestibular Schwannoma Cells Activate p21 and RAD51-Associated DNA Repair Following Radiation-Induced DNA Damage. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e1600-e1608. [PMID: 34420024 PMCID: PMC8595670 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) can avoid cell death following radiation injury by entering cell cycle arrest and activating RAD51-related DNA repair. BACKGROUND Although the radiobiology of various cancers is well-studied, the radiobiological effects in VS are poorly understood. In this study, we describe how VS cells enter cell cycle arrest (through p21 expression), activate DNA repair (through RAD51 upregulation), and avoid cell death after radiation-induced double-stranded breaks (DSB) in DNA (as measured by γ-H2AX). METHODS Primary human VS cells were cultured on 96-well plates and 16-well culture slides at 10,000 cells/well and exposed to either 0 or 18 Gray of radiation. Viability assays were performed at 96 h in vitro. Immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX, RAD51, and p21 was performed at 6 h. RESULTS Radiation (18 Gy) induced the expression of γ-H2AX, p21, and RAD51 in six cultured VS, suggesting that irradiated VS acquire DSBs, enter cell cycle arrest, and initiate RAD51 DNA repair to evade cell death. However, viability studies demonstrate variable responses in individual VS cells with 3 of 6 VS showing radiation resistance to 18 Gy. On further analyses, radiation-resistant VS cells expressed significantly more p21 than radiation-responsive tumors. CONCLUSIONS In response to radiation-induced DNA damage, primary VS cells can enter cell cycle arrest and express RAD51 DNA repair mechanisms to avoid cell death. Radioresistant VS cells may mount a more robust p21 response to ensure sufficient time for DNA repair. Further investigation into DNA repair proteins and cell cycle checkpoints may provide important insight on the radiobiology of VS and mechanisms for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin P. Thielhelm
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Scott Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Eric A. Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Olena Bracho
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael Estivil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Clifford Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jacques Morcos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael E. Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Fred Telischi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL
| | - Christine T. Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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216
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Mehlich D, Łomiak M, Sobiborowicz A, Mazan A, Dymerska D, Szewczyk ŁM, Mehlich A, Borowiec A, Prełowska MK, Gorczyński A, Jabłoński P, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Nowis D, Marusiak AA. MLK4 regulates DNA damage response and promotes triple-negative breast cancer chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1111. [PMID: 34839359 PMCID: PMC8627512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitutes a major challenge in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mixed-Lineage Kinase 4 (MLK4) is frequently amplified or overexpressed in TNBC where it facilitates the aggressive growth and migratory potential of breast cancer cells. However, the functional role of MLK4 in resistance to chemotherapy has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate that MLK4 promotes TNBC chemoresistance by regulating the pro-survival response to DNA-damaging therapies. We observed that MLK4 knock-down or inhibition sensitized TNBC cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Similarly, MLK4-deficient cells displayed enhanced sensitivity towards doxorubicin treatment in vivo. MLK4 silencing induced persistent DNA damage accumulation and apoptosis in TNBC cells upon treatment with chemotherapeutics. Using phosphoproteomic profiling and reporter assays, we demonstrated that loss of MLK4 reduced phosphorylation of key DNA damage response factors, including ATM and CHK2, and compromised DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining pathway. Moreover, our mRNA-seq analysis revealed that MLK4 is required for DNA damage-induced expression of several NF-кB-associated cytokines, which facilitate TNBC cells survival. Lastly, we found that high MLK4 expression is associated with worse overall survival of TNBC patients receiving anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, these results identify a novel function of MLK4 in the regulation of DNA damage response signaling and indicate that inhibition of this kinase could be an effective strategy to overcome TNBC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Łomiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Mazan
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mehlich
- Department of Internal Diseases Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Prełowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Jabłoński
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus P.L., Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna A Marusiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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217
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Romero N, Favoreel HW. Pseudorabies Virus Infection Triggers NF-κB Activation via the DNA Damage Response but Actively Inhibits NF-κB-Dependent Gene Expression. J Virol 2021; 95:e0166621. [PMID: 34613805 PMCID: PMC8610585 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01666-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is known to integrate signaling associated with very diverse intra- and extracellular stressors, including virus infections, and triggers a powerful (proinflammatory) response through the expression of NF-κB-regulated genes. Typically, the NF-κB pathway collects and transduces threatening signals at the cell surface or in the cytoplasm leading to nuclear import of activated NF-κB transcription factors. In the current work, we demonstrate that the swine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) induces a peculiar mode of NF-κB activation known as "inside-out" NF-κB activation. We show that PRV triggers the DNA damage response (DDR) and that this DDR response drives NF-κB activation since inhibition of the nuclear ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, a chief controller of DDR, abolished PRV-induced NF-κB activation. Initiation of the DDR-NF-κB signaling axis requires viral protein synthesis but occurs before active viral genome replication. In addition, the initiation of the DDR-NF-κB signaling axis is followed by a virus-induced complete shutoff of NF-κB-dependent gene expression that depends on viral DNA replication. In summary, the results presented in this study reveal that PRV infection triggers a noncanonical DDR-NF-κB activation signaling axis and that the virus actively inhibits the (potentially antiviral) consequences of this pathway, by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent gene expression. IMPORTANCE The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in coordination of innate immune responses that are of vital importance in the control of infections. The current report generates new insights into the interaction of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV) with the NF-κB pathway, as they reveal that (i) PRV infection leads to NF-κB activation via a peculiar "inside-out" nucleus-to-cytoplasm signal that is triggered via the DNA damage response (DDR), (ii) the DDR-NF-κB signaling axis requires expression of viral proteins but is initiated before active PRV replication, and (iii) late viral factor(s) allow PRV to actively and efficiently inhibit NF-κB-dependent (proinflammatory) gene expression. These data suggest that activation of the DDR-NF-κB during PRV infection is host driven and that its potential antiviral consequences are actively inhibited by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Romero
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman W. Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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218
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Rossi MJ, DiDomenico SF, Patel M, Mazin AV. RAD52: Paradigm of Synthetic Lethality and New Developments. Front Genet 2021; 12:780293. [PMID: 34887904 PMCID: PMC8650160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.780293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand cross-links are the most harmful types of DNA damage that cause genomic instability that lead to cancer development. The highest fidelity pathway for repairing damaged double-stranded DNA is termed Homologous recombination (HR). Rad52 is one of the key HR proteins in eukaryotes. Although it is critical for most DNA repair and recombination events in yeast, knockouts of mammalian RAD52 lack any discernable phenotypes. As a consequence, mammalian RAD52 has been long overlooked. That is changing now, as recent work has shown RAD52 to be critical for backup DNA repair pathways in HR-deficient cancer cells. Novel findings have shed light on RAD52's biochemical activities. RAD52 promotes DNA pairing (D-loop formation), single-strand DNA and DNA:RNA annealing, and inverse strand exchange. These activities contribute to its multiple roles in DNA damage repair including HR, single-strand annealing, break-induced replication, and RNA-mediated repair of DNA. The contributions of RAD52 that are essential to the viability of HR-deficient cancer cells are currently under investigation. These new findings make RAD52 an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapies against BRCA-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
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219
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Targeting the DNA damage response: PARP inhibitors and new perspectives in the landscape of cancer treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103539. [PMID: 34800653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer derives from alterations of pathways responsible for cell survival, differentiation and proliferation. Dysfunctions of mechanisms protecting genome integrity can promote oncogenesis but can also be exploited as therapeutic target. Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors, the first approved targeted agents able to tackle DNA damage response (DDR), have demonstrated antitumor activity, particularly when homologous recombination impairment is present. Despite the relevant results achieved, a large proportion of patients fail to obtain durable responses. The development of innovative treatments, able to overcome resistance and ensure long-lasting benefit for a wider population is still an unmet need. Moreover, improvement in biomarker assays is necessary to properly identify patients who can benefit from DDR targeting agents. Here we summarize the main DDR pathways, explain the current role of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy and illustrate new therapeutic strategies targeting the DDR, focusing on the combinations of PARP inhibitors with other agents and on cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors.
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220
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Shen C, He Y, Chen Q, Feng H, Williams TM, Lu Y, He Z. Narrative review of emerging roles for AKT-mTOR signaling in cancer radioimmunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1596. [PMID: 34790802 PMCID: PMC8576660 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the roles of AKT-mTOR signaling in the regulation of the DNA damage response and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, and propose a novel strategy of targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy in the era of cancer immunotherapy Background Immunotherapy has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer patients and has changed the landscape of cancer patient management. However, only a small subgroup of cancer patients (~20–30%) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. The current challenge is to find biomarkers to predict the response of patients to immunotherapy and strategies to sensitize patients to immunotherapy. Methods Search and review the literature which were published in PUBMED from 2000–2021 with the key words mTOR, AKT, drug resistance, DNA damage response, immunotherapy, PD-L1, DNA repair, radioimmunotherapy. Conclusions More than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the growth of locally irradiated tumors as well as metastatic non-irradiated tumors (abscopal effects) by affecting systemic immunity. Consistently, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance radiotherapy with more than one hundred clinical trials of radiation in combination with immunotherapy (radioimmunotherapy) across cancer types. Nevertheless, current available data have shown limited efficacy of trials testing radioimmunotherapy. AKT-mTOR signaling is a major tumor growth-promoting pathway and is upregulated in most cancers. AKT-mTOR signaling is activated by growth factors as well as genotoxic stresses including radiotherapy. Importantly, recent advances have shown that AKT-mTOR is one of the main signaling pathways that regulate DNA damage repair as well as PD-L1 levels in cancers. These recent advances clearly suggest a novel cancer therapy strategy by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi He
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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221
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Mo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Mo L, Zhang Q. Nickel nanoparticle-induced cell transformation: involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair defect through HIF-1α/miR-210/Rad52 pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:370. [PMID: 34789290 PMCID: PMC8600818 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nickel nanoparticles (Nano-Ni) are increasingly used in industry and biomedicine with the development of nanotechnology. However, the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of Nano-Ni and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS At first, dose-response (0, 10, 20, and 30 μg/mL) and time-response (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) studies were performed in immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B to observe the effects of Nano-Ni on DNA damage response (DDR)-associated proteins and the HIF-1α/miR-210/Rad52 pathway by real-time PCR or Western blot. Then, a Hsp90 inhibitor (1 µM of 17-AAG, an indirect HIF-1α inhibitor), HIF-1α knock-out (KO) cells, and a miR-210 inhibitor (20 nM) were used to determine whether Nano-Ni-induced Rad52 down-regulation was through HIF-1α nuclear accumulation and miR-210 up-regulation. In the long-term experiments, cells were treated with 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL of Nano-Ni for 21 cycles (~ 150 days), and the level of anchorage-independent growth was determined by plating the cells in soft agar. Transduction of lentiviral particles containing human Rad52 ORF into BEAS-2B cells was used to observe the role of Rad52 in Nano-Ni-induced cell transformation. Nano-Ni-induced DNA damage and dysregulation of HIF-1α/miR-210/Rad52 pathway were also investigated in vivo by intratracheal instillation of 50 µg per mouse of Nano-Ni. gpt delta transgenic mice were used to analyze mutant frequency and mutation spectrum in mouse lungs after Nano-Ni exposure. RESULTS Nano-Ni exposure caused DNA damage at both in vitro and in vivo settings, which was reflected by increased phosphorylation of DDR-associated proteins such as ATM at Ser1981, p53 at Ser15, and H2AX. Nano-Ni exposure also induced HIF-1α nuclear accumulation, miR-210 up-regulation, and down-regulation of homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene Rad52. Inhibition of or knocking-out HIF-1α or miR-210 ameliorated Nano-Ni-induced Rad52 down-regulation. Long-term low-dose Nano-Ni exposure led to cell malignant transformation, and augmentation of Rad52 expression significantly reduced Nano-Ni-induced cell transformation. In addition, increased immunostaining of cell proliferation markers, Ki-67 and PCNA, was observed in bronchiolar epithelial cells and hyperplastic pneumocytes in mouse lungs at day 7 and day 42 after Nano-Ni exposure. Finally, using gpt delta transgenic mice revealed that Nano-Ni exposure did not cause increased gpt mutant frequency and certain DNA mutations, such as base substitution and small base insertions/deletions, are not the main types of Nano-Ni-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS This study unraveled the mechanisms underlying Nano-Ni-induced cell malignant transformation; the combined effects of Nano-Ni-induced DNA damage and DNA repair defects through HIF-1α/miR-210/Rad52 pathway likely contribute to Nano-Ni-induced genomic instability and ultimately cell transformation. Our findings will provide information to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Nano-Ni-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Yuanbao Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Luke Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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222
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Han Y, Hu X, Yun X, Liu J, Yang J, Tian Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 enhances chemoresistance through DNA damage repair pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by binding with RAD51. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1083. [PMID: 34782617 PMCID: PMC8593035 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is an essential regulator of mitotic progression, spindle assembly, and chromosome attachment. Although NUSAP1 acts as an oncogene involved in the progression of several cancers, the exact role of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains elusive. Herein, we first discovered obvious overexpression of NUSAP1 in CLL associated with poor prognosis. Next, the NUSAP1 level was modulated by transfecting CLL cells with lentivirus. Silencing NUSAP1 inhibited the cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest. Mechanistically, high expression of NUSAP1 strengthened DNA damage repairing with RAD51 engagement. Our results also indicated that NUSAP1 knockdown suppressed the growth CLL cells in vivo. We further confirmed that NUSAP1 reduction enhanced the sensitivity of CLL cells to fludarabine or ibrutinib. Overall, our research investigates the mechanism by which NUSAP1 enhances chemoresistance via DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling by stabilizing RAD51 in CLL cells. Hence, NUSAP1 may be expected to be a perspective target for the treatment of CLL with chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xinting Hu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xiaoya Yun
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Juan Yang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Zheng Tian
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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Liu Y, Bao Q, Chen Z, Yao L, Ci Z, Wei X, Wu Y, Zhu J, Sun K, Zhou G, Li S, Ma W, Tao K. Circumventing Drug Resistance Pathways with a Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Method. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9115-9123. [PMID: 34723551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the dominant impediment for cancer therapy, not only because compensatory drug resistance pathways are always activated, but also because of the cross-resistance of cancer cells to unrelated therapeutics. Herein, chemodrug-sensitive cancer cells, intrinsic drug-resistant cells, and acquired resistant cells were employed to uncover their biological response to a nanoparticle-based photodynamic method in tumoral, cellular, and molecular levels. We observed that nanoparticle-based photodynamic process with high therapeutic efficiency, intracellular delivery, and tumor penetration effect resulted in the indiscriminate and significant therapeutic outcome, in contrast to the diversiform effect of first-line chemo-drug, Temozolomide (TMZ). By real-time quantitative PCR array technique, we revealed that signals in classical resistance pathways were unaffected or downregulated, and photodynamic effect initiates cell apoptosis via downstream genes. The discovery that nanoparticulate photodynamic therapy bypasses the signals in multiple resistant pathways may imply an alternative route for combating drug resistance of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Qelger Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Ci
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Wei Fang Medical College, Wei Fang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Tsai TH, Lieu AS, Huang TY, Kwan AL, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Induction of Mitosis Delay and Apoptosis by CDDO-TFEA in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756228. [PMID: 34858180 PMCID: PMC8630575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the vicious malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advances multi-disciplinary treatment, GBM constinues to have a poor overall survival. CDDO-trifluoroethyl-amide (CDDO-TEFA), a trifluoroethylamidederivative of CDDO, is an Nrf2/ARE pathway activator. CDDO-TEFEA is used to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in glioma cells. However, it not clear what effect it may have on tumorigenesis in GBM. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of CDDO-TFEA on GBM cells. To do this, we treated GBM8401 cell lines with CDDO-TFEA and assessed apoptosis, cell cycle. DNA content and induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression by Western blot analysis. Results: CDDO-TFEA significantly inhibited the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis on GBM 8401 cell line. The annexin-FITC/PI assay revealed significant changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to a significant reduction in the GBM8401 cells' mitochondrial membrane potential. A significant rise in the percentage of caspase-3 activity was detected in the treated cells. In addition, treatment with CDDO-TFEA led to an accumulation of G2/M-phase cells. In addition, these results suggest that regarding increased protein synthesis during mitosis in the MPM-2 staining, indicative of a delay in the G2 checkpoint. An analysis of Cyclin B1, CDK1, Cyclin B1/CDK1 complex and CHK1 and CHK2 expression suggested that cell cycle progression seems also to be regulated by CDDO-TFEA. Therefore, CDDO-TFEA may not only induce cell cycle G2/M arrest, it may also exert apoptosis in established GBM cells. Conclusion: CDDO-TFEA can inhibit proliferation, cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in GBM cells in vitro, possibly though its inhibition of Cyclin B1, CDK1 expression, and Cyclin B1/CDK1 association and the promotion of CHK1 and CHK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I‐Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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225
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Cheng X, Zhao JX, Dong F, Cao XC. ARID1A Mutation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:759577. [PMID: 34804958 PMCID: PMC8599951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the principal cause of mortality for breast cancer patients. Targeting specific mutations that have been acquired during the evolution process of advanced breast cancer is a potential means of enhancing the clinical efficacy of treatment strategies. In metastatic breast cancer, ARID1A is the most prevalent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex, which regulates DNA repair, recombination, and gene transcription. The low expression of ARID1A is associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with luminal A or HER2-rich breast cancer. In addition, ARID1A plays a prominent role in maintaining luminal characteristics and has an advantage for identifying responses to treatment, including endocrine therapies, HDAC inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors. The therapeutic vulnerabilities initiated by ARID1A alterations encourage us to explore new approaches to cope with ARID1A mutant-related drug resistance or metastasis. In this review, we describe the mutation profiles of ARID1A in metastatic breast cancer and the structure and function of ARID1A and the SWI/SNF complex as well as discuss the potential mechanisms of ARID1A-mediated endocrine resistance and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cheng
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Zhao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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226
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Combemale P, Sonzogni L, Devic C, Bencokova Z, Ferlazzo ML, Granzotto A, Burlet SF, Pinson S, Amini-Adle M, Al-Choboq J, Bodgi L, Bourguignon M, Balosso J, Bachelet JT, Foray N. Individual Response to Radiation of Individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type I: Role of the ATM Protein and Influence of Statins and Bisphosphonates. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:556-573. [PMID: 34727321 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a disease characterized by high occurrence of benign and malignant brain tumours and caused by mutations of the neurofibromin protein. While there is an increasing evidence that NF1 is associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility, few studies have dealt with the molecular and cellular radiation response of cells from individuals with NF1. Here, we examined the ATM-dependent signalling and repair pathways of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), the key-damage induced by ionizing radiation, in skin fibroblast cell lines from 43 individuals with NF1. Ten minutes after X-rays irradiation, quiescent NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally low rate of recognized DSB reflected by a low yield of nuclear foci formed by phosphorylated H2AX histones. Irradiated NF1 fibroblasts also presented a delayed radiation-induced nucleoshuttling of the ATM kinase (RIANS), potentially due to a specific binding of ATM to the mutated neurofibromin in cytoplasm. Lastly, NF1 fibroblasts showed abnormally high MRE11 nuclease activity suggesting a high genomic instability after irradiation. A combination of bisphosphonates and statins complemented these impairments by accelerating the RIANS, increasing the yield of recognized DSB and reducing genomic instability. Data from NF1 fibroblasts exposed to radiation in radiotherapy and CT scan conditions confirmed that NF1 belongs to the group of syndromes associated with radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Combemale
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Zuzana Bencokova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Lydia Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Steven Franck Burlet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Pinson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mona Amini-Adle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Joëlle Al-Choboq
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Larry Bodgi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Jacques Balosso
- Service de Radiothérapie, CHU de Grenoble, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1296 Research Unit « Radiation : Defense, Health and Environment », Centre Léon-Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.
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227
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Shin U, Nakhro K, Oh CK, Carrington B, Song H, Varshney GK, Kim Y, Song H, Jeon S, Robbins G, Kim S, Yoon S, Choi YJ, Kim YJ, Burgess S, Kang S, Sood R, Lee Y, Myung K. Large-scale generation and phenotypic characterization of zebrafish CRISPR mutants of DNA repair genes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103173. [PMID: 34390914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A systematic knowledge of the roles of DNA repair genes at the level of the organism has been limited due to the lack of appropriate experimental approaches using animal model systems. Zebrafish has become a powerful vertebrate genetic model system with availability due to the ease of genome editing and large-scale phenotype screening. Here, we generated zebrafish mutants for 32 DNA repair and replication genes through multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis. Large-scale phenotypic characterization of our mutant collection revealed that three genes (atad5a, ddb1, pcna) are essential for proper embryonic development and hematopoiesis; seven genes (apex1, atrip, ino80, mre11a, shfm1, telo2, wrn) are required for growth and development during juvenile stage and six genes (blm, brca2, fanci, rad51, rad54l, rtel1) play critical roles in sex development. Furthermore, mutation in six genes (atad5a, brca2, polk, rad51, shfm1, xrcc1) displayed hypersensitivity to DNA damage agents. Our zebrafish mutant collection provides a unique resource for understanding of the roles of DNA repair genes at the organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unbeom Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Khriezhanuo Nakhro
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Blake Carrington
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - HeaIn Song
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yeongjae Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Song
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabrielle Robbins
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sangin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Yoon
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Kim
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shawn Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sukhyun Kang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Raman Sood
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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228
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VonHandorf A, Zablon HA, Puga A. Hexavalent chromium disrupts chromatin architecture. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:54-60. [PMID: 34274487 PMCID: PMC8627925 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accessibility of DNA elements and the orchestration of spatiotemporal chromatin-chromatin interactions are critical mechanisms in the regulation of gene transcription. Thus, in an ever-changing milieu, cells mount an adaptive response to environmental stimuli by modulating gene expression that is orchestrated by coordinated changes in chromatin architecture. Correspondingly, agents that alter chromatin structure directly impact transcriptional programs in cells. Heavy metals, including hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), are of special interest because of their ability to interact directly with cellular protein, DNA and other macromolecules, resulting in general damage or altered function. In this review we highlight the chromium-mediated mechanisms that promote disruption of chromatin architecture and how these processes are integral to its carcinogenic properties. Emerging evidence shows that Cr(VI) targets nucleosomal architecture in euchromatin, particularly in genomic locations flanking binding sites of the essential transcription factors CTCF and AP1. Ultimately, these changes contribute to an altered chromatin state in critical gene regulatory regions, which disrupts gene transcription in functionally relevant biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew VonHandorf
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Hesbon A Zablon
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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229
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Baker M, Petasny M, Taqatqa N, Bentata M, Kay G, Engal E, Nevo Y, Siam A, Dahan S, Salton M. KDM3A regulates alternative splicing of cell-cycle genes following DNA damage. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1353-1362. [PMID: 34321328 PMCID: PMC8522690 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078796.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the cellular environment result in chromatin structure alteration, which in turn regulates gene expression. To learn about the effect of the cellular environment on the transcriptome, we studied the H3K9 demethylase KDM3A. Using RNA-seq, we found that KDM3A regulates the transcription and alternative splicing of genes associated with cell cycle and DNA damage. We showed that KDM3A undergoes phosphorylation by PKA at serine 265 following DNA damage, and that the phosphorylation is important for proper cell-cycle regulation. We demonstrated that SAT1 alternative splicing, regulated by KDM3A, plays a role in cell-cycle regulation. Furthermore we found that KDM3A's demethylase activity is not needed for SAT1 alternative splicing regulation. In addition, we identified KDM3A's protein partner ARID1A, the SWI/SNF subunit, and SRSF3 as regulators of SAT1 alternative splicing and showed that KDM3A is essential for SRSF3 binding to SAT1 pre-mRNA. These results suggest that KDM3A serves as a sensor of the environment and an adaptor for splicing factor binding. Our work reveals chromatin sensing of the environment in the regulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mayra Petasny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nadeen Taqatqa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mercedes Bentata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gillian Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eden Engal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ahmad Siam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Dahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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230
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Dong JR, Chang WW, Chen SM. Nerolidol inhibits proliferation of leiomyoma cells via reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage and downregulation of the ATM/Akt pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112901. [PMID: 34388663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol), a sesquiterpene alcohol present in aromatic essential oils of numerous plants, has been reported to possess anticancer activity. The potential therapeutic effect of nerolidol on uterine fibroids (UF), the most common benign tumor of the uterus worldwide, is unknown. In this study, we examined the anti-UF potential of nerolidol in ELT3 cells, a rat leiomyoma cell line widely used as an in vitro model, to identify the potential therapeutic agents for UF. We observed that treatment with cis- or trans-nerolidol inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was accompanied by reduction in Akt phosphorylation and downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and CDK6 protein expression. The proliferation-inhibiting activity of nerolidol correlated with the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was suppressed by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor. Nerolidol treatment also increased the percentage of cells for which tail moment could be calculated using an alkaline comet assay, and induced p-γH2AXser139 expression, which indicated induction of DNA damage. We also observed downregulation of ATM and its phosphorylation after nerolidol treatment; furthermore, treatment with KU-55933, an ATM kinase inhibitor, mimicked the inhibitory effects of nerolidol treatment on cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, nerolidol displayed anti-UF activity in a leiomyoma cell model via ROS-induced DNA damage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression and activation of the ATM/Akt pathway. Our data suggests that nerolidol is a potential therapeutic agent for UF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ren Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- Bachelor Program in Health Care and Social Work for Indigenous Students, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan.
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231
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Perez H, Abdallah MF, Chavira JI, Norris AS, Egeland MT, Vo KL, Buechsenschuetz CL, Sanghez V, Kim JL, Pind M, Nakamura K, Hicks GG, Gatti RA, Madrenas J, Iacovino M, McKinnon PJ, Mathews PJ. A novel, ataxic mouse model of ataxia telangiectasia caused by a clinically relevant nonsense mutation. eLife 2021; 10:e64695. [PMID: 34723800 PMCID: PMC8601662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) and Ataxia with Ocular Apraxia Type 1 (AOA1) are devastating neurological disorders caused by null mutations in the genome stability genes, A-T mutated (ATM) and Aprataxin (APTX), respectively. Our mechanistic understanding and therapeutic repertoire for treating these disorders are severely lacking, in large part due to the failure of prior animal models with similar null mutations to recapitulate the characteristic loss of motor coordination (i.e., ataxia) and associated cerebellar defects. By increasing genotoxic stress through the insertion of null mutations in both the Atm (nonsense) and Aptx (knockout) genes in the same animal, we have generated a novel mouse model that for the first time develops a progressively severe ataxic phenotype associated with atrophy of the cerebellar molecular layer. We find biophysical properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) are significantly perturbed (e.g., reduced membrane capacitance, lower action potential [AP] thresholds, etc.), while properties of synaptic inputs remain largely unchanged. These perturbations significantly alter PN neural activity, including a progressive reduction in spontaneous AP firing frequency that correlates with both cerebellar atrophy and ataxia over the animal's first year of life. Double mutant mice also exhibit a high predisposition to developing cancer (thymomas) and immune abnormalities (impaired early thymocyte development and T-cell maturation), symptoms characteristic of A-T. Finally, by inserting a clinically relevant nonsense-type null mutation in Atm, we demonstrate that Small Molecule Read-Through (SMRT) compounds can restore ATM production, indicating their potential as a future A-T therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Perez
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - May F Abdallah
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Jose I Chavira
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Angelina S Norris
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Martin T Egeland
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Karen L Vo
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Callan L Buechsenschuetz
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Valentina Sanghez
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Jeannie L Kim
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Molly Pind
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics,Max Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaManitobaCanada
| | - Kotoka Nakamura
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Geoffrey G Hicks
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics,Max Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaManitobaCanada
| | - Richard A Gatti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Joaquin Madrenas
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Michelina Iacovino
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Paul J Mathews
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorranceUnited States
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232
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Flanagan KE, Burns LJ, Pathoulas JT, Walker CJ, Pupo Wiss I, Cornejo KM, Senna MM. Primary Alopecia Neoplastica: A Novel Case Report and Literature Review. Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7:499-509. [PMID: 34901185 PMCID: PMC8613616 DOI: 10.1159/000516650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia neoplastica (AN) is caused by neoplastic cells damaging hair follicles, resulting in patchy hair loss like cicatricial alopecia and alopecia areata. AN has predominantly described cutaneous metastasis to the scalp from primary visceral malignant tumors. Less frequently, AN results from a primary scalp neoplasm. Compared to "secondary AN," there is a paucity of literature on "primary AN." Herein, we present a comprehensive literature review of primary AN and introduce a unique case of amelanotic melanoma causing primary AN. Including our presented case, 11 cases of primary AN have been reported with causative scalp neoplasms including angiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, syringomatous carcinoma, ectopic extramammary Paget's disease, and primary desmoplastic melanoma. 27.3% (3 of 11) of cases were misdiagnosed and treated for a primary alopecia, and 36.4% (4 of 11) of lesions were present for multiple years or an unknown amount of time, likely due to difficulty in recognizing scalp lesion or misdiagnosis. All patients required surgical excision with 36.4% (4 of 11) requiring chemotherapy, radiation, or photodynamic therapy. Two patients with scalp angiosarcoma died from their aggressive disease. Due to the risks of malignant primary AN if allowed to progress, primary AN should be considered in patients presenting with scarring alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Flanagan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura J. Burns
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James T. Pathoulas
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chloe J. Walker
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Pupo Wiss
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine M. Cornejo
- Dermatopathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryanne M. Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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233
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Loh JS, Tan LKS, Lee WL, Ming LC, How CW, Foo JB, Kifli N, Goh BH, Ong YS. Do Lipid-based Nanoparticles Hold Promise for Advancing the Clinical Translation of Anticancer Alkaloids? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5346. [PMID: 34771511 PMCID: PMC8582402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the commercialization of morphine in 1826, numerous alkaloids have been isolated and exploited effectively for the betterment of mankind, including cancer treatment. However, the commercialization of alkaloids as anticancer agents has generally been limited by serious side effects due to their lack of specificity to cancer cells, indiscriminate tissue distribution and toxic formulation excipients. Lipid-based nanoparticles represent the most effective drug delivery system concerning clinical translation owing to their unique, appealing characteristics for drug delivery. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first review to compile in vitro and in vivo evidence of encapsulating anticancer alkaloids in lipid-based nanoparticles. Alkaloids encapsulated in lipid-based nanoparticles have generally displayed enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and an improved in vivo efficacy and toxicity profile than free alkaloids in various cancers. Encapsulated alkaloids also demonstrated the ability to overcome multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the broad application of lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate anticancer alkaloids and facilitate their clinical translation. The review then discusses several limitations of the studies analyzed, particularly the discrepancies in reporting the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity data. Finally, we conclude with examples of clinically successful encapsulated alkaloids that have received regulatory approval and are undergoing clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.S.L.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Jalan Taylors 1, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (L.K.S.T.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Wai Leng Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (L.C.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.S.L.); (C.W.H.)
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Jalan Taylors 1, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (L.K.S.T.); (J.B.F.)
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Jalan Taylors 1, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei; (L.C.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.S.L.); (C.W.H.)
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (J.S.L.); (C.W.H.)
- Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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234
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Biagiotti S, Barone A, Aliano MP, Federici G, Malatesta M, Caputi C, Soddu S, Leuzzi V, Chessa L, Magnani M. Functional Classification of the ATM Variant c.7157C>A and In Vitro Effects of Dexamethasone. Front Genet 2021; 12:759467. [PMID: 34759960 PMCID: PMC8573154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.759467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the ATM variants associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia are still classified as variants with uncertain significance. Ataxia Telangiectasia is a multisystemic disorder characterized by "typical" and "atypical" phenotypes, with early-onset and severe symptoms or with late-onset and mild symptoms, respectively. Here we classified the c.7157C > A ATM variant found in homozygosity in two brothers of Lebanese ethnicity. The brothers presented with an atypical phenotype, showing less than 50% of the positive criteria considered for classification. We performed several in silico analyses to predict the effect of c.7157C > A at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels, revealing that the alteration causes a missense substitution in a highly conserved alpha helix in the FAT domain. 3D structural analyses suggested that the variant might be pathogenic due to either loss of activity or to a structural damage affecting protein stability. Our subsequent in vitro studies showed that the second hypothesis is the most likely, as indicated by the reduced protein abundance found in the cells carrying the variant. Moreover, two different functional assays showed that the mutant protein partially retains its kinase activity. Finally, we investigated the in vitro effect of Dexamethasone showing that the drug is able to increase both protein abundance and activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the c.7157C > A variant is pathogenic, although it causes an atypical phenotype, and that dexamethasone could be therapeutically effective on this and possibly other missense ATM variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ambra Barone
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Federici
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Malatesta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Caputi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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235
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Tsai TH, Lieu AS, Huang TY, Kwan AL, Lin CL, Hsu YC. RTA404, an Activator of Nrf2, Activates the Checkpoint Kinases and Induces Apoptosis through Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway in Malignant Glioma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4805. [PMID: 34768325 PMCID: PMC8585078 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant glioma (MG) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in multidisciplinary treatment, overall survival rates remain low. A trifluoroethyl amide derivative of 2-cyano-3-,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide (CDDO-TFEA) is a nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway activator. RTA404 is used to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its effect on tumorigenesis in glioma is unclear. Methods: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of RTA404 on MG cells. We treated U87MG cell lines with RTA404 and performed assessments of apoptosis and cell cycle distributions. DNA content and apoptosis induction were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. The mitotic index was assessed based on MPM-2 expression. Protein expression was analyzed through Western blotting. Results: RTA404 significantly inhibited the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis on the U87MG cell line. The Annexin-FITC/PI assay revealed significant changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Treatment with RTA404 led to a significant reduction in the U87MG cells' mitochondrial membrane potential. A significant rise in the percentage of caspase-3 activity was detected in the treated cells. In addition, these results suggest that cells pass the G2 checkpoint without cell cycle arrest by RTA404 treatment in the MPM-2 staining. An analysis of CHK1, CHK2, and p-CHK2 expression suggested that the DNA damage checkpoint system seems also to be activated by RTA404 treatment in established U87MG cells. Therefore, RTA404 may not only activate the DNA damage checkpoint system, it may also exert apoptosis in established U87MG cells. Conclusions: RTA404 inhibits the cell viability of gliomas and induces cancer cell apoptosis through intrinsic apoptotic pathway in Malignant glioma. In addition, the DNA damage checkpoint system seems also to be activated by RTA404. Taken together, RTA404 activated the DNA damage checkpoint system and induced apoptosis through intrinsic apoptotic pathways in established U87MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (A.-S.L.); (A.-L.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (A.-S.L.); (A.-L.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzuu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (A.-S.L.); (A.-L.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (A.-S.L.); (A.-L.K.); (C.-L.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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236
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Zhang X, Liu P, Zheng X, Wang J, Peng Q, Li Z, Wei L, Liu C, Wu Y, Wen Y, Yan Q, Ma J. N6-methyladenosine regulates ATM expression and downstream signaling. J Cancer 2021; 12:7041-7051. [PMID: 34729106 PMCID: PMC8558655 DOI: 10.7150/jca.64061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, which plays an important role in regulating multiple biological processes. ATM is a major protein kinase that regulates the DNA damage response. Here, we identified that ATM is a m6A-modificated gene. METTL3 (a m6A "writer") and FTO (a m6A "eraser") oppositely regulated ATM expression and its downstream signaling. Mechanically, m6A "readers" YTHDFs and eIF3A suppressed ATM expression in the post-transcriptional levels. We also revealed the oncogenic potential of METTL3 and YTHDF1 related to ATM modulation. This is the first report that ATM, a master in the DNA damage response, is modified by m6A epigenetic modification, and METTL3 disrupts the ATM stability via m6A modification, thereby affecting the DNA-damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Peishan Liu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
- Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
- Department of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Wen
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, China
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237
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Elkholi IE, Foulkes WD, Rivera B. MRN Complex and Cancer Risk: Old Bottles, New Wine. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5465-5471. [PMID: 34261697 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The MRN complex, composed of MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN, mediates vital molecular functions to maintain genomic stability and hence protect against related disorders. Germline mutations in the MRN genes predispose to three different syndromes: ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder (MRE11A deficiency), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS; NBN deficiency), and NBS-like disorder (RAD50 deficiency). The potential cancer component of these syndromes in addition to the close physical and functional proximity of the MRN complex to BRCA1 has promoted the MRN genes as candidate risk genes for developing breast cancer. This notion has been challenged by independent large-scale population-based studies. Despite having their two-decade old candidacy as breast cancer genes close to being refuted, it has recently been reported that the MRN genes rise to have potential new roles in clonal hematopoiesis. In this article, we discuss the history and current status of MRN genes' clinical utility in breast cancer and then focus on their recently uncovered and less understood roles in clonal hematopoiesis that likely predispose to health-related disorders such as hematologic malignancies and/or cardiovascular morbid events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam E Elkholi
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, The Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, The Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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238
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Mullen J, Kato S, Sicklick JK, Kurzrock R. Targeting ARID1A mutations in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 100:102287. [PMID: 34619527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunits are collectively mutated in approximately 20% of human cancers. ARID1A is a SWI/SNF subunit gene whose protein product binds DNA. ARID1A gene alterations result in loss of function. It is the most commonly mutated member of the SWI/SNF complex, being aberrant in ∼6% of cancers overall, including ovarian clear cell cancers (∼45% of patients) and uterine endometrioid cancers (∼37%). ARID1A has a crucial role in regulating gene expression that drives oncogenesis or tumor suppression. In particular, ARID1A participates in control of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, immune responsiveness to cancer, EZH2 methyltransferase activity, steroid receptor modulation, DNA damage checkpoints, and regulation of p53 targets and KRAS signaling. A variety of compounds may be of benefit in ARID1A-altered cancers: immune checkpoint blockade, and inhibitors of mTOR, EZH2, histone deacetylases, ATR and/or PARP. ARID1A alterations may also mediate resistance to platinum chemotherapy and estrogen receptor degraders/modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaren Mullen
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shumei Kato
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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239
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Aki T, Uemura K. Cell Death and Survival Pathways Involving ATM Protein Kinase. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1581. [PMID: 34680975 PMCID: PMC8535589 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is the ultimate form of cellular dysfunction, and is induced by a wide range of stresses including genotoxic stresses. During genotoxic stress, two opposite cellular reactions, cellular protection through DNA repair and elimination of damaged cells by the induction of cell death, can occur in both separate and simultaneous manners. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase (hereafter referred to as ATM) is a protein kinase that plays central roles in the induction of cell death during genotoxic stresses. It has long been considered that ATM mediates DNA damage-induced cell death through inducing apoptosis. However, recent research progress in cell death modality is now revealing ATM-dependent cell death pathways that consist of not only apoptosis but also necroptosis, ferroptosis, and dysfunction of autophagy, a cellular survival mechanism. In this short review, we intend to provide a brief outline of cell death mechanisms in which ATM is involved, with emphasis on pathways other than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
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240
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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241
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Molecular basis of human ATM kinase inhibition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:789-798. [PMID: 34556870 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human checkpoint kinase ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) plays a key role in initiation of the DNA damage response following DNA double-strand breaks. ATM inhibition is a promising approach in cancer therapy, but, so far, detailed insights into the binding modes of known ATM inhibitors have been hampered due to the lack of high-resolution ATM structures. Using cryo-EM, we have determined the structure of human ATM to an overall resolution sufficient to build a near-complete atomic model and identify two hitherto unknown zinc-binding motifs. We determined the structure of the kinase domain bound to ATPγS and to the ATM inhibitors KU-55933 and M4076 at 2.8 Å, 2.8 Å and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. The mode of action and selectivity of the ATM inhibitors can be explained by structural comparison and provide a framework for structure-based drug design.
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242
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DNA Damage Response in Glioblastoma: Mechanism for Treatment Resistance and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:379-385. [PMID: 34570452 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glioblastoma (GBM) is an intrinsically treatment-resistant tumor and has been shown to upregulate DNA damage response (DDR) components after treatment. DNA damage response signaling mediates treatment resistance by promoting cell cycle arrest in order to allow for DNA damage repair and avoid mitotic catastrophe. Therefore, targeting the DDR pathway is an attractive strategy to combat treatment resistance in GBM. In this review, we discuss the different DDR pathways and then summarize the current preclinical evidence for DDR inhibitors in GBM, as well as completed and ongoing clinical trials.
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243
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Anderson FL, von Herrmann KM, Young AL, Havrda MC. Bbc3 Loss Enhances Survival and Protein Clearance in Neurons Exposed to the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:378-392. [PMID: 34289071 PMCID: PMC8634496 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants can increase the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to the widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but the cellular mechanisms underlying CPF toxicity in neurons are not completely understood. We evaluated CPF toxicity in mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures, using RNA-sequencing to identify cellular pathways modulated by CPF. CPF exposure altered the expression of genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis, significantly elevating expression of the pro-apoptotic mediator Bbc3/Puma. Bbc3 loss attenuated CPF driven neurotoxicity, induction of other intrinsic apoptosis regulatory genes including Trp53 and Pmaip1 (encoding the NOXA protein), and cleavage of apoptosis executors caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). CPF exposure was associated with enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and proteins and the accumulation of high molecular weight protein species in primary neuronal cultures. No evidence of alterations in the ubiquitin-proteosome system were observed, however, autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in CPF-treated Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures compared with identically exposed WT cultures. Elevated autophagy-related protein expression in Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures was associated with a reduction in CPF-induced high molecular weight alpha-synuclein and tau immunoreactive protein aggregates. Studies indicate that Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate protein clearance mechanisms as a component of resistance to CPF-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Katharine M von Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Alison L Young
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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244
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Veenhuis SJG, van Os NJH, Janssen AJWM, van Gerven MHJC, Coene KLM, Engelke UFH, Wevers RA, Tinnevelt GH, Ter Heine R, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP. Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Ataxia Scores and Immunoglobulin Levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2951-2957. [PMID: 34515380 PMCID: PMC9291897 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of animal models with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) with nicotinamide riboside (NR) improved their neurological outcome and survival. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of NR in patients with A-T. METHODS In this open-label, proof-of-concept study, 24 patients with A-T were treated with NR during four consecutive months. The effects of NR on ataxia, dysarthria, quality of life, and laboratory parameters were analyzed. RESULTS During treatment, ataxia scores improved; mean total Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale scores decreased to 2.4 and 10.1 points, respectively. After NR withdrawal, ataxia scores worsened. In immunodeficient patients, the mean serum IgG concentration increased substantially until the end of the study period with 0.52 g/L. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed increased plasma levels of NR metabolites and purine nucleosides during treatment. Adverse effects did not occur. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with NR is tolerated well and associated with improvement in ataxia and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with A-T. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie J G Veenhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke J H van Os
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anjo J W M Janssen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo H J C van Gerven
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien L M Coene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translation Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translation Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translation Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjen H Tinnevelt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry M R Weemaes
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michèl A A P Willemsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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245
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Kono T, Laimins L. Genomic Instability and DNA Damage Repair Pathways Induced by Human Papillomaviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1821. [PMID: 34578402 PMCID: PMC8472259 DOI: 10.3390/v13091821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as those of the oropharynx. HPV proteins activate host DNA damage repair factors to promote their viral life cycle in stratified epithelia. Activation of both the ATR pathway and the ATM pathway are essential for viral replication and differentiation-dependent genome amplification. These pathways are also important for maintaining host genomic integrity and their dysregulation or mutation is often seen in human cancers. The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases are innate immune factors that are increased in HPV positive cells leading to the accumulation of TpC mutations in cellular DNAs that contribute to malignant progression. The activation of DNA damage repair factors may corelate with expression of APOBEC3 in HPV positive cells. These pathways may actively drive tumor development implicating/suggesting DNA damage repair factors and APOBEC3 as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Kono
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
| | - Laimonis Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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246
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Nordgaard C, Tollenaere MAX, Val AMD, Bekker-Jensen DB, Blasius M, Olsen JV, Bekker-Jensen S. Regulation of the Golgi Apparatus by p38 and JNK Kinases during Cellular Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9595. [PMID: 34502507 PMCID: PMC8431686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
p38 and c-Jun N-terninal kinase (JNK) are activated in response to acute stress and inflammatory signals. Through modification of a plethora of substrates, these kinases profoundly re-shape cellular physiology for the optimal response to a harmful environment and/or an inflammatory state. Here, we utilized phospho-proteomics to identify several hundred substrates for both kinases. Our results indicate that the scale of signaling from p38 and JNK are of a similar magnitude. Among the many new targets, we highlight the regulation of the transcriptional regulators grb10-interacting GYF protein 1 and 2 (GIGYF1/2) by p38-dependent MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding. We also show that the Golgi apparatus contains numerous substrates, and is a major target for regulation by p38 and JNK. When activated, these kinases mediate structural rearrangement of the Golgi apparatus, which positively affects protein flux through the secretory system. Our work expands on our knowledge about p38 and JNK signaling with important biological ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Nordgaard
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.N.); (M.A.X.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Maxim A. X. Tollenaere
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.N.); (M.A.X.T.); (M.B.)
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Ana Martinez Del Val
- Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Proteomics, Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.D.V.); (D.B.B.-J.); (J.V.O.)
| | - Dorte B. Bekker-Jensen
- Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Proteomics, Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.D.V.); (D.B.B.-J.); (J.V.O.)
| | - Melanie Blasius
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.N.); (M.A.X.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Proteomics, Proteomics Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.M.D.V.); (D.B.B.-J.); (J.V.O.)
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.N.); (M.A.X.T.); (M.B.)
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247
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Yura Y, Miura-Yura E, Katanasaka Y, Min KD, Chavkin N, Polizio AH, Ogawa H, Horitani K, Doviak H, Evans MA, Sano M, Wang Y, Boroviak K, Philippos G, Domingues AF, Vassiliou G, Sano S, Walsh K. The Cancer Therapy-Related Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Gene Ppm1d Promotes Inflammation and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure in Mice. Circ Res 2021; 129:684-698. [PMID: 34315245 PMCID: PMC8409899 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Now with Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Nicholas Chavkin
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Ariel H. Polizio
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Hayato Ogawa
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Keita Horitani
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Megan A. Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Miho Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.)
| | - Katharina Boroviak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
| | - George Philippos
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany (G.P.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
- Now with German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (G.P.)
| | - Ana Filipa Domingues
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
| | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Now with Department of Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (S.S.)
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA (Y.Y., E.M.-Y., K.-D.M., N.C., A.H.P., H.O., K.H., H.D., M.A.E., M.S., Y.W., S.S., K.W.)
- Now with Division of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Japan (Y.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.B., G.P., G.V., A.F.D.)
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany (G.P.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.F.D., G.V., G.P.)
- Now with Department of Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (S.S.)
- Now with German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (G.P.)
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248
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Aguado J, Chaggar HK, Gómez‐Inclán C, Shaker MR, Leeson HC, Mackay‐Sim A, Wolvetang EJ. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway ameliorates the premature senescence hallmarks of Ataxia-Telangiectasia brain organoids. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13468. [PMID: 34459078 PMCID: PMC8441292 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of functional ATM kinase. A-T is characterized by chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration and premature ageing features that are associated with increased genome instability, nuclear shape alterations, micronuclei accumulation, neuronal defects and premature entry into cellular senescence. The causal relationship between the detrimental inflammatory signature and the neurological deficiencies of A-T remains elusive. Here, we utilize human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical brain organoids to study A-T neuropathology. Mechanistically, we show that the cGAS-STING pathway is required for the recognition of micronuclei and induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in A-T olfactory neurosphere-derived cells and brain organoids. We further demonstrate that cGAS and STING inhibition effectively suppresses self-DNA-triggered SASP expression in A-T brain organoids, inhibits astrocyte senescence and neurodegeneration, and ameliorates A-T brain organoid neuropathology. Our study thus reveals that increased cGAS and STING activity is an important contributor to chronic inflammation and premature senescence in the central nervous system of A-T and constitutes a novel therapeutic target for treating neuropathology in A-T patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Harman K. Chaggar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Present address:
Cellesce Ltd, Cardiff MedicentreHeath ParkCardiffUK
| | - Cecilia Gómez‐Inclán
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mohammed R. Shaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hannah C. Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alan Mackay‐Sim
- Department of NeurogeneticsKolling InstituteSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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249
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Xi L, Peng M, Liu S, Liu Y, Wan X, Hou Y, Qin Y, Yang L, Chen S, Zeng H, Teng Y, Cui X, Liu M. Hypoxia-stimulated ATM activation regulates autophagy-associated exosome release from cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote cancer cell invasion. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12146. [PMID: 34545708 PMCID: PMC8452512 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a predominant cell component in the tumour microenvironment (TME) play an essential role in tumour progression. Our earlier studies revealed oxidized ATM activation in breast CAFs, which is independent of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Oxidized ATM has been found to serve as a redox sensor to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. However, whether and how oxidized ATM in breast CAFs regulates breast cancer progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that oxidized ATM phosphorylates BNIP3 to induce autophagosome accumulation and exosome release from hypoxic breast CAFs. Inhibition of oxidized ATM kinase by KU60019 (a small-molecule inhibitor of activated ATM) or shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous ATM or BNIP3 blocks autophagy and exosome release from hypoxic CAFs. We also show that oxidized ATM phosphorylates ATP6V1G1, a core proton pump in maintaining lysosomal acidification, leading to lysosomal dysfunction and autophagosome fusion with multi-vesicular bodies (MVB) but not lysosomes to facilitate exosome release. Furthermore, autophagy-associated GPR64 is enriched in hypoxic CAFs-derived exosomes, which stimulates the non-canonical NF-κB signalling to upregulate MMP9 and IL-8 in recipient breast cancer cells, enabling cancer cells to acquire enhanced invasive abilities. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the role of stromal CAFs in promoting tumour progression and reveal a new function of oxidized ATM in regulating autophagy and exosome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Meixi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yongcan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching & Lab Management CenterChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shanchun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyWinship Cancer InstituteEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of SurgeryDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical DiagnosticsChinese Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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250
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Cellular functions of the protein kinase ATM and their relevance to human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:796-814. [PMID: 34429537 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a master regulator of double-strand DNA break (DSB) signalling and stress responses. For three decades, ATM has been investigated extensively to elucidate its roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and in the pathogenesis of ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), a human neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of ATM. Although hundreds of proteins have been identified as ATM phosphorylation targets and many important roles for this kinase have been identified, it is still unclear how ATM deficiency leads to the early-onset cerebellar degeneration that is common in all individuals with A-T. Recent studies suggest the existence of links between ATM deficiency and other cerebellum-specific neurological disorders, as well as the existence of broader similarities with more common neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent structural insights into ATM regulation, and possible aetiologies of A-T phenotypes, including reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, alterations in transcription, R-loop metabolism and alternative splicing, defects in cellular proteostasis and metabolism, and potential pathogenic roles for hyper-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
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