201
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Rodpai R, Intapan PM, Thanchomnang T, Sanpool O, Janwan P, Laummaunwai P, Wongkham C, Insawang T, Maleewong W. Identification of antigenic proteins in Strongyloides stercoralis by proteomic analysis. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1687-1693. [PMID: 28455628 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal helminth that infects people worldwide. Hyperinfection or disseminated human strongyloidiasis can involve vital organs, leading to lethal outcomes. We analyzed immunoproteomics of antigenic spots, derived from S. stercoralis third-stage larvae and reacted with human strongyloidiasis sera, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Of 26 excised antigenic spots analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, 20 proteins were identified. Most proteins were associated with enzymes involved in the metabolic process, energy generation, and oxidation-reduction. The proteins relate to promotion of worm development, cell division, cell signaling and transportation, and regulation of muscular contraction. Identification of antigenic proteins shows promise in helping to discover potential diagnostic protein markers or vaccine candidates for S. stercoralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Porntip Laummaunwai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tonkla Insawang
- Khon Kaen University Research Instrument Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Mekong Health Science Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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202
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Mansilla Pareja ME, Bongiovanni A, Lafont F, Colombo MI. Alterations of the Coxiella burnetii Replicative Vacuole Membrane Integrity and Interplay with the Autophagy Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:112. [PMID: 28484683 PMCID: PMC5401879 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of Q fever, is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium. It has been previously described that both the endocytic and autophagic pathways contribute to the Coxiella replicative vacuole (CRV) generation. Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that accumulate in the cytosol before being secreted via a non-conventional secretory pathway. It has been shown that Galectin-3, -8, -9 monitor bacteria vacuolar rupture and endosomal and lysosomal loss of membrane integrity through binding of host glycans exposed in the cytoplasm after membrane damage. Using microinjection of fluorescence-coupled dextrans, a FRET assay, and galectins distribution, we demonstrate that Coxiella infection actually result in transient phagosomal/CRV membrane damage in a Dot/Icm-dependent manner. We also show the association of different adaptor molecules involved in autophagy and of LC3 to the limiting membrane of the CRV. Moreover, we show that upon autophagy inhibition, the proportion of CRVs labeled with galectins and less acidified increases which is associated with bacteria replication impairment. Based on these observations, we propose that autophagy can facilitate resealing of intracellular damaged membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Mansilla Pareja
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular-Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group-Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR8204, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médical U1019, Lille Regional Hospital, University Center, Universite LilleLille, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group-Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR8204, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médical U1019, Lille Regional Hospital, University Center, Universite LilleLille, France
| | - María I Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular-Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendoza, Argentina
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203
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Igarashi K, Matsunaga R, Hirakawa S, Hosoya S, Suetake H, Kikuchi K, Suzuki Y, Nakamura O, Miyadai T, Tasumi S, Tsutsui S. Mucosal IgM Antibody with d-Mannose Affinity in FuguTakifugu rubripesIs Utilized by a Monogenean ParasiteHeterobothrium okamotoifor Host Recognition. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4107-4114. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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204
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Translating the ‘Sugar Code’ into Immune and Vascular Signaling Programs. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:255-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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205
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Galectins expressed differently in genetically susceptible C57BL/6 and resistant BALB/c mice during acute ocularToxoplasma gondiiinfection. Parasitology 2017; 144:1064-1072. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYOcular toxoplasmosis (OT) caused byToxoplasma gondiiis a major cause of infectious uveitis, however little is known about its immunopathological mechanism. Susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) and resistant BALB/c mice were intravitreally infected with 500 tachyzoites of the RH strain ofT. gondii. B6 mice showed more severe ocular pathology and higher parasite loads in the eyes. The levels of galectin (Gal)-9 and its receptors (Tim-3 and CD137), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in the eyes of B6 mice than those of BALB/c mice; however, the levels of IFN-αand -βwere significantly decreased in the eyes and CLNs of B6 mice but significantly increased in BALB/c mice after infection. After blockage of galectin–receptor interactions byα-lactose, neither ocular immunopathology nor parasite loads were different from those of infected BALB/c mice withoutα-lactose treatment. Although the expressions of Gal-9/receptor were significantly increased in B6 mice and Gal-1 and -3 were upregulated in both strains of mice upon ocularT. gondiiinfection, blockage of galectins did not change the ocular pathogenesis of genetic resistant BALB/c mice. However, IFN-αand -βwere differently expressed in B6 and BALB/c mice, suggesting that type I IFNs may play a protective role in experimental OT.
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206
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Srivastava S, Katorcha E, Daus ML, Lasch P, Beekes M, Baskakov IV. Sialylation Controls Prion Fate in Vivo. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2359-2368. [PMID: 27998976 PMCID: PMC5313106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous infectious agents that consist of misfolded, self-replicating states of a sialoglycoprotein called the prion protein or PrPC The current work tests a new hypothesis that sialylation determines the fate of prions in an organism. To begin, we produced control PrPSc from PrPC using protein misfolding cyclic amplification with beads (PMCAb), and also generated PrPSc with reduced sialylation levels using the same method but with partially desialylated PrPC as a substrate (dsPMCAb). Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with brain-derived PrPSc or PrPSc produced in PMCAb or dsPMCAb and then monitored for disease. Animals inoculated with brain- or PMCAb-derived PrPSc developed prion disease, whereas administration of dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc with reduced sialylation did not cause prion disease. Animals inoculated with dsPMCAb-derived material were not subclinical carriers of scrapie, as no PrPSc was detected in brains or spleen of these animals by either Western blotting or after amplification by serial PMCAb. In subsequent experiments, trafficking of brain-, PMCAb-, and dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs was monitored in wild type mice. PrPSc sialylation was found to be critical for effective trafficking of PrPSc to secondary lymphoid organs. By 6 hours after inoculation, brain- and PMCAb-derived PrPSc were found in spleen and lymph nodes, whereas dsPMCAb-derived PrPSc was found predominantly in liver. This study demonstrates that the outcome of prion transmission to a wild type host is determined by the sialylation status of the inoculated PrPSc Furthermore, this work suggests that the sialylation status of PrPSc plays an important role in prion lymphotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastava
- From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Elizaveta Katorcha
- From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Martin L Daus
- the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Lasch
- the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Beekes
- the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilia V Baskakov
- From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
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207
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McAnulty SJ, Nyholm SV. The Role of Hemocytes in the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Euprymna scolopes: A Model Organism for Studying Beneficial Host-Microbe Interactions. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2013. [PMID: 28111565 PMCID: PMC5216023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most, if not all, animals engage in associations with bacterial symbionts. Understanding the mechanisms by which host immune systems and beneficial bacteria communicate is a fundamental question in the fields of immunology and symbiosis. The Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) engages in two known symbioses; a binary relationship with the light organ symbiont Vibrio fischeri, and a bacterial consortium within a specialized organ of the female reproductive system, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG). E. scolopes has a well-developed circulatory system that allows immune cells (hemocytes) to migrate into tissues, including the light organ and ANG. In the association with V. fischeri, hemocytes are thought to have a number of roles in the management of symbiosis, including the recognition of non-symbiotic bacteria and the contribution of chitin as a nutrient source for V. fischeri. Hemocytes are hypothesized to recognize bacteria through interactions between pattern recognition receptors and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Colonization by V. fischeri has been shown to affect the bacteria-binding behavior, gene expression, and proteome of hemocytes, indicating that the symbiont can modulate host immune function. In the ANG, hemocytes have also been observed interacting with the residing bacterial community. As a model host, E. scolopes offers a unique opportunity to study how the innate immune system interacts with both a binary and consortial symbiosis. This mini review will recapitulate what is known about the role of hemocytes in the light organ association and offer future directions for understanding how these immune cells interact with multiple types of symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J McAnulty
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | - Spencer V Nyholm
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
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208
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Abstract
Structurally diverse glycans are expressed by all animate beings and exert diverse biological functions through specific interactions with glycan binding proteins (GBPs). In humans, glycan-GBP interactions are implicated in many disease-relevant processes in development, infection and immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens. Recent progress in chemical synthesis, including automated glycan assembly, has facilitated access to complex glycans that cannot be isolated from biological material. Glycan immobilization on microarrays allows rapid, multiplexed glycan-GBP interaction studies to reveal biological functions. Synthetic glycan microarrays have enabled, for instance, the identification of glycan ligands for lectins, the definition of vaccine antigens, revealed viral glycan receptors and can serve as diagnostic tools for human disease. Here, we describe the methods to fabricate custom glycan microarrays that are used to examine glycan-GBP binding specificities. Conjugation-ready synthetic glycans are covalently attached to microarray surfaces through nucleophilic linker moieties. Microarrays are incubated with GBPs, and binding events are quantitatively detected by fluorescent signals. These methods are readily adaptable to a multitude of purposes from basic research to biomedical applications.
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209
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Bashir H, Seykora JT, Lee V. Invisible Shield: Review of the Corneal Epithelium as a Barrier to UV Radiation, Pathogens, and Other Environmental Stimuli. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2017; 12:305-311. [PMID: 28791065 PMCID: PMC5525501 DOI: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_114_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface is comprised of the cornea and conjunctiva, which are structures that not only protect the eye but also enable vision. The corneal epithelium is the most superficial layer of the cornea, and therefore first line of defense against external assaults. Damage to this highly specialized structure could lead to vision loss, making it an important structure to investigate and understand. Here, we conducted a search of the current literature on the mechanisms the corneal epithelium has adapted against three frequent insults: UV-radiation, pathogens, and environmental assaults. This review systematically examines the corneal epithelium's response to each assault in order to maintain its role as an invisible shield. The goal of this review is to provide insight into some of the critical functions the corneal epithelium performs that may be valuable to current regenerative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bashir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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210
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Cellular Prion Protein Combined with Galectin-3 and -6 Affects the Infectivity Titer of an Endogenous Retrovirus Assayed in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167293. [PMID: 27936017 PMCID: PMC5147886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases which require the cellular prion protein, PrPC, for development of diseases. The current study shows that the PrPC augments infectivity and plaque formation of a mouse endogenous retrovirus, MuLV. We have established four neuronal cell lines expressing mouse PrPC, PrP+/+; two express wild type PrPC (MoPrPwild) and the other two express mutant PrPC (MoPrPmut). Infection of neuronal cells from various PrP+/+ and PrP-/- (MoPrPKO) lines with MuLV yielded at least three times as many plaques in PrP+/+ than in PrP-/-. Furthermore, among the four PrP+/+ lines, one mutant line, P101L, had at least 2.5 times as many plaques as the other three PrP+/+ lines. Plaques in P101L were four times larger than those in other PrP+/+ lines. Colocalization of PrP and CAgag was seen in MuLV-infected PrP+/+ cells. In the PrP-MuLV interaction, the involvement of galectin-3 and -6 was observed by immunoprecipitation with antibody to PrPC. These results suggest that PrPC combined with galectin-3 and -6 can act as a receptor for MuLV. P101L, the disease form of mutant PrPC results suggest the genetic mutant form of PrPC may be more susceptible to viral infection.
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211
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Potential immunological markers for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis using heterologous antigens. Parasitology 2016; 144:124-130. [PMID: 27894367 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloides venezuelensis is a parasitic nematode of rodents that is frequently used to obtain heterologous antigens for immunological diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. The aim of this study was to identify antigens from filariform larvae of S. venezuelensis for immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Soluble and membrane fractions from filariform larvae of S. venezuelensis were obtained in phosphate saline (SS and SM) and in Tris-HCl buffer (TS and TM), and were analysed by Western blotting. Different antigenic components were recognized by IgG antibodies from the sera of strongyloidiasis patients. Highest recognition was observed for a 30-40 kDa mass range present in all antigenic fractions. The band encompassing this mass range was then excised and subjected to mass spectrometry for protein identification. Immunoreactive proteins identified in the soluble fractions corresponded to metabolic enzymes, whereas cytoskeletal proteins and galectins were more abundant in the membrane fractions. These results represent the first approach towards identification of S. venezuelensis antigens for use in immunodiagnostic assays for human strongyloidiasis.
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212
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Hart CE, Lauth MJ, Hunter CS, Krasny BR, Hardy KM. Effect of 4-nonylphenol on the immune response of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas following bacterial infection with Vibrio campbellii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:449-461. [PMID: 27693202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol (NP) is a ubiquitous aquatic pollutant and has been shown to impair reproduction, development, growth and, more recently, immune function in marine invertebrates. We investigated the effects of short-term (7 d) exposure to low (2 μg l-1) and high (100 μg l-1) levels of NP on cellular and humoral elements of the innate immune response of Crassostrea gigas to a bacterial challenge. To this end, we measured 1) total hemocyte counts (THC), 2) relative transcript abundance of ten immune-related genes (defh1, defh2, bigdef1, bigdef2, bpi, lysozyme-1, galectin, C-type lectin 2, timp, and transglutaminase) in the hemocytes, gill and mantle, and 3) hemolymph plasma lysozyme activity, following experimental Vibrio campbellii infection. Both low and high levels of NP were found to repress a bacteria-induced increase in THC observed in the control oysters. While several genes were differentially expressed following bacterial introduction (bigdef2, bpi, lysozyme-1, timp, transglutaminase), only two genes (bpi in the hemocytes, transglutaminase in the mantle) exhibited a different bacteria-induced expression profile following NP exposure, relative to the control oysters. Independently of infection-status, exposure to NP also altered mRNA transcript abundance of several genes (bpi, galectin, C-type lectin 2) in naïve, saline-injected oysters. Finally, plasma lysozyme activity levels were significantly higher in low dose NP-treated oysters (both naïve and bacteria challenged) relative to control oysters. Combined, these results suggest that exposure to ecologically-relevant (low) and extreme (high) levels of NP can alter both cellular and humoral elements of the innate immune response in C. gigas, an aquaculture species of global economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Hart
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Michael J Lauth
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Cassidy S Hunter
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Brennan R Krasny
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Kristin M Hardy
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States.
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213
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Vladoiu MC, Labrie M, Létourneau M, Egesborg P, Gagné D, Billard É, Grosset AA, Doucet N, Chatenet D, St-Pierre Y. Design of a peptidic inhibitor that targets the dimer interface of a prototypic galectin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40970-80. [PMID: 26543238 PMCID: PMC4747383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are small soluble lectins that bind β-galactosides via their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Their ability to dimerize is critical for the crosslinking of glycoprotein receptors and subsequent cellular signaling. This is particularly important in their immunomodulatory role via the induction of T-cell apoptosis. Because galectins play a central role in many pathologies, including cancer, they represent valuable therapeutic targets. At present, most inhibitors have been directed towards the CRD, a challenging task in terms of specificity given the high structural homology of the CRD among galectins. Such inhibitors are not effective at targeting CRD-independent functions of galectins. Here, we report a new class of galectin inhibitors that specifically binds human galectin-7 (hGal-7), disrupts the formation of homodimers, and inhibits the pro-apoptotic activity of hGal-7 on Jurkat T cells. In addition to representing a new means to achieve specificity when targeting galectins, such inhibitors provide a promising alternative to more conventional galectin inhibitors that target the CRD with soluble glycans or other small molecular weight allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Philippe Egesborg
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Donald Gagné
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Étienne Billard
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Grosset
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7 Canada
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214
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Katorcha E, Daus ML, Gonzalez-Montalban N, Makarava N, Lasch P, Beekes M, Baskakov IV. Reversible off and on switching of prion infectivity via removing and reinstalling prion sialylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33119. [PMID: 27609323 PMCID: PMC5017131 DOI: 10.1038/srep33119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens. To recognize pathogens, this system detects a number of molecular features that discriminate pathogens from host cells, including terminal sialylation of cell surface glycans. Mammalian cell surfaces, but generally not microbial cell surfaces, have sialylated glycans. Prions or PrPSc are proteinaceous pathogens that lack coding nucleic acids but do possess sialylated glycans. We proposed that sialylation of PrPSc is essential for evading innate immunity and infecting a host. In this study, the sialylation status of PrPSc was reduced by replicating PrPSc in serial Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification using sialidase-treated PrPC substrate and then restored to original levels by replication using non-treated substrate. Upon intracerebral administration, all animals that received PrPSc with original or restored sialylation levels were infected, whereas none of the animals that received PrPSc with reduced sialylation were infected. Moreover, brains and spleens of animals from the latter group were completely cleared of prions. The current work established that the ability of prions to infect the host via intracerebral administration depends on PrPSc sialylation status. Remarkably, PrPSc infectivity could be switched off and on in a reversible manner by first removing and then restoring PrPSc sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Katorcha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America
| | - Martin L Daus
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuria Gonzalez-Montalban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America
| | - Natallia Makarava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America
| | - Peter Lasch
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Beekes
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilia V Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201 United States of America
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Protective Effect of Galectin-1 during Histoplasma capsulatum Infection Is Associated with Prostaglandin E 2 and Nitric Oxide Modulation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5813794. [PMID: 27698545 PMCID: PMC5028869 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5813794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that develops a yeast-like morphology in host's tissue, responsible for the pulmonary disease histoplasmosis. The recent increase in the incidence of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients highlights the need of understanding immunological controls of fungal infections. Here, we describe our discovery of the role of endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in the immune pathophysiology of experimental histoplasmosis. All infected wild-type (WT) mice survived while only 1/3 of Lgals1−/− mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 survived 30 days after infection. Although infected Lgals1−/− mice had increased proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and elevations in neutrophil pulmonary infiltration, they presented higher fungal load in lungs and spleen. Infected lung and infected macrophages from Lgals1−/− mice exhibited elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, a prostanoid regulator of macrophage activation) and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (Ptgs2) mRNA. Gal-1 did not bind to cell surface of yeast phase of H. capsulatum, in vitro, suggesting that Gal-1 contributed to phagocytes response to infection rather than directly killing the yeast. The data provides the first demonstration of endogenous Gal-1 in the protective immune response against H. capsulatum associated with NO and PGE2 as an important lipid mediator in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis.
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216
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Gervais O, Chollet B, Renault T, Arzul I. Flat oyster follows the apoptosis pathway to defend against the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:322-329. [PMID: 27431587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro model Ostrea edulis hemocyte - Bonamia ostreae is interesting to investigate host-parasite interactions at the cellular level. Indeed, this unicellular parasite infects the flat oyster Ostrea edulis and multiplies within hemocytes, the central effectors of oyster defenses. Apoptosis is a mechanism used by many organisms to eliminate infected cells. In order to study the potential involvement of this mechanism in the oyster response to B. ostreae, in vitro experiments were carried out by exposing hemocytes from the naturally susceptible oyster O. edulis and a resistant oyster species Crassostrea gigas to live and heat-inactivated parasites. Hemocyte apoptotic response was measured using a combination of flow cytometry and microscopy analyses. Whatever the host species was, the parasite was engulfed in hemocytes and induced an increase of apoptotic parameters including intracytoplasmic calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential or phosphatidyl-serine externalization as well as ultrastructural modifications. However, the parasite appears more able to infect flat oyster than cupped oyster hemocytes and the apoptotic response was more important against live than dead parasites in the natural host than in C. gigas. Our results suggest that O. edulis specifically responds to B. ostreae by inducing apoptosis of hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Gervais
- Ifremer, RBE-SG2M-LGPMM, Station de La Tremblade, Avenue de Mus de Loup, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer, RBE-SG2M-LGPMM, Station de La Tremblade, Avenue de Mus de Loup, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Ifremer, RBE, Centre de Nantes, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, F-44311, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- Ifremer, RBE-SG2M-LGPMM, Station de La Tremblade, Avenue de Mus de Loup, F-17390, La Tremblade, France.
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217
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Wang M, Wang L, Huang M, Yi Q, Guo Y, Gai Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Song L. A galectin from Eriocheir sinensis functions as pattern recognition receptor enhancing microbe agglutination and haemocytes encapsulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:10-20. [PMID: 27095174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of β-galactoside binding lectins that function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in innate immune system of both vertebrates and invertebrates. The cDNA of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis galectin (designated as EsGal) was cloned via rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) analysis. The full-length cDNA of EsGal was 999 bp. Its open reading frame encoded a polypeptide of 218 amino acids containing a GLECT/Gal-bind_lectin domain and a proline/glycine rich low complexity region. The deduced amino acid sequence and domain organization of EsGal were highly similar to those of crustacean galectins. The mRNA transcripts of EsGal were found to be constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues and mainly in hepatopancreas, gill and haemocytes. The mRNA expression level of EsGal increased rapidly and significantly after crabs were stimulated by different microbes. The recombinant EsGal (rEsGal) could bind various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and glucan (GLU), and exhibited strong activity to agglutinate Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pichia pastoris, and such agglutinating activity could be inhibited by both d-galactose and α-lactose. The in vitro encapsulation assay revealed that rEsGal could enhance the encapsulation of haemocytes towards agarose beads. These results collectively suggested that EsGal played crucial roles in the immune recognition and elimination of pathogens and contributed to the innate immune response against various microbes in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yunchao Gai
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Abstract
Current directions and emerging possibilities under investigation for the integration of synthetic and semi-synthetic multivalent architectures with biology are discussed. Attention is focussed around multivalent interactions, their fundamental role in biology, and current and potential approaches in emulating them in terms of structure and functionality using synthetic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Mahon
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes, ENSCM/UMII/UMR-CNRS 5635, Pl. Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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219
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Gil-Jaramillo N, Motta FN, Favali CBF, Bastos IMD, Santana JM. Dendritic Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Responses during Chagas Disease. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1076. [PMID: 27471496 PMCID: PMC4943928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important member of the antigen presenting cells group due to their ability to recognize antigen at the infection site and their high specialized antigen internalization capacity. These cells have central role in connecting the innate and adaptive immune responses against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. These first line defense cells modulate host immune response depending on type, maturation level, cytokine milieu and DC receptor involved in the interactions with T. cruzi, influencing the development of the disease clinic forms. Here, we present a review of DCs-T. cruzi interactions both in human and murine models, pointing out the parasite ability to manipulate DCs activity for the purpose of evading innate immune response and assuring its own survival and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia N. Motta
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Cecília B. F. Favali
- Laboratório de Biologia do Gene, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela M. D. Bastos
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime M. Santana
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
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220
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Li KB, Li N, Zang Y, Chen GR, Li J, James TD, He XP, Tian H. Foldable glycoprobes capable of fluorogenic crosslinking of biomacromolecules. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6325-6329. [PMID: 28567244 PMCID: PMC5450440 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a foldable, fluorogenic glycoprobe that can recognize and simultaneously crosslink a receptor protein to form unique supramolecular bio-ensembles.
Small-molecular probes capable of monitoring and interfering with the activity of biomacromolecules – such as polysaccharides, nucleotides and proteins – are of paramount importance to the advancement of life science. However, such probes that can detect and simultaneously modulate the construction of biomacromolecules are elusive. Here we report a fluorogenic, foldable glycoprobe that can recognize and assemble a protein receptor in a synchronous fashion. The glycoprobe synthesized by introducing a glycoligand (for protein recognition) to a bola-type bis-fluorophore conjugate shows a “self-shielded” fluorescence in the folded state. Association with a receptor protein rapidly unfolds the probe, releasing a fluorophore capable of crosslinking the proteins – as determined using small-angle X-ray scattering – thereby producing a unique fluorescent supramolecular construct. We have demonstrated the use of the foldable glycoprobe in order to track the endocytic cycle of a transmembrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , PR China .
| | - Na Li
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai , Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 189 Guo Shoujing Rd. , Shanghai 201203 , PR China .
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , PR China .
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening , State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 189 Guo Shoujing Rd. , Shanghai 201203 , PR China .
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , PR China .
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Rd. , Shanghai 200237 , PR China .
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221
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Li Y, Yuan C, Wang L, Lu M, Wang Y, Wen Y, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147): another partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin on the goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:355. [PMID: 27337943 PMCID: PMC4918192 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant galectins of male and female Haemonchus contortus (rHco-gal-m/f) have been recognized as significant regulators of the functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In previous research, transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) was identified as a partner protein in the regulation associated with H. contortus infection. However, in the identification of binding partners for galectins of male and female H. contortus (Hco-gal-m/f) by yeast two-hybrid (YTH) screening, it was found that the transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) could also bind to Hco-gal-m/f. In this study, the functions of TMEM147 in the regulations of H. contortus galectin on the goat PBMC were investigated. Methods To identify Hco-gal-m/f-interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid system to detect interactions was used. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were used to validate the interaction between recombinant galectins of male H. contortus (rHco-gal-m) and candidate binding protein. The localization of TMEM147 in PBMC was explored by immunofluorescence in confocal imaging studies. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of TMEM147 in T cells, B cells and monocytes in PBMC. The modulatory effects of rHco-gal-m and TMEM147 on cell proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide production, migration, apoptosis and cytokine mRNA transcription were observed by co-incubation of rHco-gal-m and knockdown of the tmem147 gene. Results In this research, it was demonstrated that TMEM147 could bind to rHco-gal-m/f. Immunofluorescence assays showed that TMEM147 was localized to the cell membrane and within the cell membrane in goat PBMC. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TMEM147 was expressed in all B cells and monocytes in goat PBMC. However, 3.8 % of T cells did not express this protein. Knockdown of the tmem147 gene using RNA interference (RNAi) showed that the interaction of galectin with TMEM147 mainly mediated cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, transcription of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) of goat PBMC. This membrane protein, together with TMEM63A, was also related to the regulation of galectin on phagocytosis and nitric oxide production of goat PBMC. However, it might not be involved in the regulation of galectin on the migration and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) transcription of goat PBMC. Conclusions Our results showed that TMEM147 was a binding partner of Hco-gal-m/f and mediated the immunological regulation of Hco-gal-m/f on goat PBMC in a manner different to that of TMEM63A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1640-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - LiKun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - MingMin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - YuJian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - YuLing Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - LiXin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoKai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangRui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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222
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Takeuchi T, Arata Y, Kasai KI. Galactoseβ1-4fucose: A unique disaccharide unit found inN-glycans of invertebrates including nematodes. Proteomics 2016; 16:3137-3147. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoichiro Arata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Josai University; Saitama Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kasai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University; Tokyo Japan
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223
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Tasumi S, Yamaguchi A, Matsunaga R, Fukushi K, Suzuki Y, Nakamura O, Kikuchi K, Tsutsui S. Identification and characterization of pufflectin from the grass pufferfish Takifugu niphobles and comparison of its expression with that of Takifugu rubripes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:48-56. [PMID: 26777033 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pufflectin found in Takifugu rubripes (Tr pufflectin) is the first animal lectin reported to show sequence similarity to monocotyledonous plant lectins. In the present study, we identified and characterized an orthologous lectin from Takifugu niphobles (Tn pufflectin), a species closely related to T. rubripes. Tn pufflectin exhibits 86% identity to Tr pufflectin with two conserved mannose-binding domains. Tn pufflectin was mainly expressed in the skin, gills, brain, and muscles; however, it was expressed at a lower level in the other examined tissues. Recombinant Tn pufflectin, expressed by Escherichia coli, exhibited binding activity specific for d-mannose. The expression of pufflectin in the gills was much lower in T. niphobles than in T. rubripes; notably, the former and latter are resistant and susceptible, respectively, to the monogenean parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi, which parasitizes gills. This suggests that pufflectin might be utilized by the parasite for host recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tasumi
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryohei Matsunaga
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fukushi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Suzuki
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kiyhoshi Kikuchi
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan.
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224
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Thiemann S, Baum LG. Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do? Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:243-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
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225
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Abstract
Sheep are capable of developing protective immunity to Haemonchus contortus through repeated exposure to this parasite, although this immune protection is the result of a complex interaction among age, gender, physiological status, pregnancy, lactation, nutrition and innate and adaptive immunity in the host animal. There are multiple effectors of the protective immune response, which differ depending on the developmental stage of the parasite being targeted, and our understanding of the effector mechanisms has developed considerably in the 2000s. The rational design of vaccines based on 'natural' or 'exposed' antigens depends on an understanding of this exposure-induced immunity. However, the most effective current vaccines rely on protection via the induction of high circulating antibody levels to 'hidden' gut antigens of H. contortus. The success of this latter strategy has resulted in the launch of a vaccine, which is based on extracts of the parasite's gut, to aid in the control of Haemonchus in Australia. The development of recombinant subunit vaccines based on the components of the successful native vaccine has not yet been achieved and most of the recent successes with recombinant subunit vaccines have focussed on antigens unrelated to the gut antigens. The future integration of an understanding of the immunobiology of this parasite with advances in antigen identification, expression (or synthesis) and presentation is likely to be pivotal to the further development of these recombinant subunit vaccines. Recent progress in each of the components underpinning this integrated approach is summarized in this review.
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226
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Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Innate Immunity to Gastric Infection by Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1184-1193. [PMID: 26857579 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01299-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the role of galectin-3 (Gal3) in gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori We first demonstrated that Gal3 was selectively expressed by gastric surface epithelial cells and abundantly secreted into the surface mucus layer. We next inoculated H. pylori Sydney strain 1 into wild-type (WT) and Gal3-deficient mice using a stomach tube. At 2 weeks postinoculation, the bacterial cells were mostly trapped within the surface mucus layer in WT mice. In sharp contrast, they infiltrated deep into the gastric glands in Gal3-deficient mice. Bacterial loads in the gastric tissues were also much higher in Gal3-deficient mice than in WT mice. At 6 months postinoculation,H. pylori had successfully colonized within the gastric glands of both WT and Gal3-deficient mice, although the bacterial loads were still higher in the latter. Furthermore, large lymphoid clusters mostly consisting of B cells were frequently observed in the gastric submucosa of Gal3-deficient mice.In vitro, peritoneal macrophages from Gal3-deficient mice were inefficient in killing engulfed H. pylori Furthermore, recombinant Gal3 not only induced rapid aggregation of H. pylori but also exerted a potent bactericidal effect on H. pylori as revealed by propidium iodide uptake and a morphological shift from spiral to coccoid form. However, a minor fraction of bacterial cells, probably transient phase variants of Gal3-binding sugar moieties, escaped killing by Gal3. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Gal3 plays an important role in innate immunity to infection and colonization of H. pylori.
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227
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Thulasitha WS, Whang I, Umasuthan N, Kang HS, Mothishri MS, Lee S, Qiang W, Noh JK, Lee J. A galectin related protein from Oplegnathus fasciatus: Genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:13-24. [PMID: 26615008 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. Here, we report a novel galectin related protein (GRP) identified from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designated OfGal like B. The cDNA of OfGal like B is 517 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). However, only two of the seven critical residues responsible for carbohydrate recognition were identified in the CRD. There was no signal peptide identified in the OfGal like B protein. The genomic structure of OfGal like B, determined using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library, consists of four exons and three introns. Homology assessment, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that OfGal like B is an evolutionarily conserved lectin that is closely related to the proto-type galectins. OfGal like B mRNA was constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues in healthy rock breams. When challenged with bacterial or viral stimulants, OfGal like B was up-regulated in the gills and spleen of rock breams, indicating that it likely plays an important role during bacterial and viral infections. Furthermore, recombinant OfGal like B (rOfGal like B) lacked carbohydrate-binding activity but was able to recognize and agglutinate bacteria, including Streptococcus iniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio tapetis, Escherichia coli, and Edwardsiella tarda, and a ciliate parasite, Miamiensis avidus. These results collectively suggest that OfGal like B is involved in pathogen recognition and plays a significant role(s) in the innate defense mechanism of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Mothishri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Qiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje, 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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228
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Nita-Lazar M, Mancini J, Feng C, González-Montalbán N, Ravindran C, Jackson S, de Las Heras-Sánchez A, Giomarelli B, Ahmed H, Haslam SM, Wu G, Dell A, Ammayappan A, Vakharia VN, Vasta GR. The zebrafish galectins Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 bind in vitro to the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein and reduce viral adhesion to fish epithelial cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:241-252. [PMID: 26429411 PMCID: PMC4684960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) infects teleost fish, such as salmon and trout, and is responsible for significant losses in the aquaculture industry and in wild fish populations. Although IHNV enters the host through the skin at the base of the fins, the viral adhesion and entry mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, evidence has accumulated in support of the key roles played by protein-carbohydrate interactions between host lectins secreted to the extracellular space and virion envelope glycoproteins in modulating viral adhesion and infectivity. In this study, we assessed in vitro the potential role(s) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) proto type galectin-1 (Drgal1-L2) and a chimera galectin-3 (Drgal3-L1) in IHNV adhesion to epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the extracellular Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 interact directly and in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with the IHNV glycosylated envelope and glycans on the epithelial cell surface, significantly reducing viral adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Nita-Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Mancini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Núria González-Montalbán
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chinnarajan Ravindran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana de Las Heras-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Giomarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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229
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Fichorova RN, Yamamoto HS, Fashemi T, Foley E, Ryan S, Beatty N, Dawood H, Hayes GR, St-Pierre G, Sato S, Singh BN. Trichomonas vaginalis Lipophosphoglycan Exploits Binding to Galectin-1 and -3 to Modulate Epithelial Immunity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:998-1013. [PMID: 26589797 PMCID: PMC4705417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection caused by the vaginotropic extracellular protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection is recurrent, with no lasting immunity, often asymptomatic, and linked to pregnancy complications and risk of viral infection. The molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite are poorly understood. We demonstrate that galectin-1 and -3 are expressed by the human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells and act as pathogen-recognition receptors for the ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the dominant surface protozoan lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We used an in vitro model with siRNA galectin knockdown epithelial clones, recombinant galectins, clinical Trichomonas isolates, and mutant protozoan derivatives to dissect the function of galectin-1 and -3 in the context of Trichomonas infection. Galectin-1 suppressed chemokines that facilitate recruitment of phagocytes, which can eliminate extracellular protozoa (IL-8) or bridge innate to adaptive immunity (MIP-3α and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)). Silencing galectin-1 increased and adding exogenous galectin-1 suppressed chemokine responses to Trichomonas or CPI-GC/LPG. In contrast, silencing galectin-3 reduced IL-8 response to LPG. Live Trichomonas depleted the extracellular levels of galectin-3. Clinical isolates and mutant Trichomonas CPI-GC that had reduced affinity to galectin-3 but maintained affinity to galectin-1 suppressed chemokine expression. Thus via CPI-GC binding, Trichomonas is capable of regulating galectin bioavailability and function to the benefit of its parasitic survival. These findings suggest novel approaches to control trichomoniasis and warrant further studies of galectin-binding diversity among clinical isolates as a possible source for symptom disparity in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina N Fichorova
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
| | - Hidemi S Yamamoto
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Titilayo Fashemi
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Evan Foley
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stanthia Ryan
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Noah Beatty
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hassan Dawood
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gary R Hayes
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bibhuti N Singh
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
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230
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Guzzi C, Alfarano P, Sutkeviciute I, Sattin S, Ribeiro-Viana R, Fieschi F, Bernardi A, Weiser J, Rojo J, Angulo J, Nieto PM. Detection and quantitative analysis of two independent binding modes of a small ligand responsible for DC-SIGN clustering. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:335-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple binding modes at the same binding site can explain the higher binding affinity of a pseudotrimannotrioside compared to a pseudomannobioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Guzzi
- Glycosystems Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)/cicCartuja. CSIC/US
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Millano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126
- Milan
| | - P. Alfarano
- Anterio Consult & Research GmbH
- Augustaanlage 23 68165 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - I. Sutkeviciute
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- CNRS
| | - S. Sattin
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Universita’ degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - R. Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)/cicCartuja. CSIC/US
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - F. Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS)
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- CNRS
| | - A. Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Universita’ degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - J. Weiser
- Anterio Consult & Research GmbH
- Augustaanlage 23 68165 Mannheim
- Germany
| | - J. Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)/cicCartuja. CSIC/US
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - J. Angulo
- Glycosystems Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)/cicCartuja. CSIC/US
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
| | - P. M. Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)/cicCartuja. CSIC/US
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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231
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Helwa R, Ramadan M, Abdel-Wahab AHA, Knappskog S, Bauer AS. Promoter SNPs rs116896264 and rs73933062 form a distinct haplotype and are associated with galectin-4 overexpression in colorectal cancer. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:401-8. [PMID: 26681582 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a member of the galectin family which consists of 15 galactoside-binding proteins. Previously, galectin-4 has been shown to have a role in cancer progression and metastasis and it is found upregulated in many solid tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, the role in the metastatic process was suggested to be via promoting cancer cells to adhere to blood vascular endothelium. In the present study, the regulatory region of LGALS4 (galectin-4) in seven colon cell lines was investigated with respect to genetic variation that could be linked to expression levels and therefore a tumourigenic effect. Interestingly, qRT-PCR and sequencing results revealed that galectin-4 upregulation is associated with SNPs rs116896264 and rs73933062. By use of luciferase reporter- and pull-down assays, we confirmed the association between the gene upregulation and the two SNPs. Also, using pull-down assay followed by mass spectrometry, we found that the presence rs116896264 and rs73933062 is changing transcription factors binding sites. In order to assess the frequencies of the two SNPs among colon cancer patients and healthy individuals, we genotyped 75 colon cancer patients, 12 patients with adenomatous polyposis and 17 patients with ulcerative colitis and we performed data mining in the 1000 genomes databank. We found the two SNPs co-occuring in 21% of 75 CRC patients, 0 out of 12 patients of adenomatous polyposis, and 6 out of 17 patients (35%) with ulcerative colitis. Both in the patient samples and in the 1000 genomes project, the two SNPs were found to co-occur whenever present (D' = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Helwa
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,
| | | | | | - Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea S Bauer
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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232
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Predicting cancerlectins by the optimal g-gap dipeptides. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16964. [PMID: 26648527 PMCID: PMC4673586 DOI: 10.1038/srep16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancerlectin plays a key role in the process of tumor cell differentiation. Thus, to fully understand the function of cancerlectin is significant because it sheds light on the future direction for the cancer therapy. However, the traditional wet-experimental methods were money- and time-consuming. It is highly desirable to develop an effective and efficient computational tool to identify cancerlectins. In this study, we developed a sequence-based method to discriminate between cancerlectins and non-cancerlectins. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to choose the optimal feature set derived from the g-gap dipeptide composition. The jackknife cross-validated results showed that the proposed method achieved the accuracy of 75.19%, which is superior to other published methods. For the convenience of other researchers, an online web-server CaLecPred was established and can be freely accessed from the website http://lin.uestc.edu.cn/server/CalecPred. We believe that the CaLecPred is a powerful tool to study cancerlectins and to guide the related experimental validations.
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233
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Pales Espinosa E, Koller A, Allam B. Proteomic characterization of mucosal secretions in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Proteomics 2015; 132:63-76. [PMID: 26612663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The soft body surface of marine invertebrates is covered by a layer of mucus, a slippery gel secreted by mucocytes lining epithelia. The functions of this gel are diverse including locomotion, cleansing, food particles processing and defense against physicochemical injuries and infectious agents. In oysters, mucus covering pallial organs has been demonstrated to have a major importance in the processing of food particles and in the interactions with waterborne pathogens. Given the limited information available on mucus in bivalves and the apparent wide spectra of activity of bioactive molecules present in this matrix, the characterization of these mucosal secretions has become a research priority. In this study, mucus was separately collected from the mantle, gills and labial palps of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed the presence of a wide variety of molecules involved in host-microbe interactions, including putative adhesion molecules (e.g. c-type lectins) confirming that transcripts previously identified in epithelial cells are translated into proteins secreted in mucus. Mucus composition was different among samples collected from different organs. These results generate a reference map for C. virginica pallial mucus to better characterize the various physiological functions of mucosal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States.
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, United States
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
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234
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Nita-Lazar M, Banerjee A, Feng C, Vasta GR. Galectins regulate the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells exposed to microbial neuraminidase by modulating the expression of SOCS1 and RIG1. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:194-202. [PMID: 26355912 PMCID: PMC4624043 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza patients frequently display increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection and sepsis, the prevalent cause of mortality during influenza pandemics. However, the detailed mechanisms by which an influenza infection predisposes patients to suffer pneumococcal pneumonia are not fully understood. A murine model for influenza infection closely reflects the observations in human patients, since if the animals that have recovered from influenza A virus (IAV) sublethal infection are challenged with S. pneumoniae, they undergo a usually fatal uncontrolled cytokine response. We have previously demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that the expression and secretion of galectin-1 (Gal1) and galectin-3 (Gal3) are modulated during IAV infection, and that the viral neuraminidase unmasks galactosyl moieties in the airway epithelia. In this study we demonstrate in vitro that the binding of secreted Gal1 and Gal3 to the epithelial cell surface modulates the expression of SOCS1 and RIG1, and activation of ERK, AKT or JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways, leading to a disregulated expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that the activity of the viral and pneumococcal neuraminidases on the surface of the airway epithelial cells function as a "danger signal" that leads to rapid upregulation of SOCS1 expression to prevent an uncontrolled inflammatory response. The binding of extracellular Gal1 or Gal3 to the galactosyl moieties unmasked on the surface of airway epithelial cells can either "fine-tune" or severely disregulate this process, respectively, the latter potentially leading to hypercytokinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Nita-Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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235
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Martins E, Santos RS, Bettencourt R. Vibrio diabolicus challenge in Bathymodiolus azoricus populations from Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent sites. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:962-977. [PMID: 26529571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Menez Gwen (MG) and Lucky Strike (LS) deep-sea hydrothermal vents are located at 850 m and 1730 m depths respectively and support chemosynthesis-based ecosystems partially differing in heavy metal concentration, temperature range, and faunistic composition. The successfully adapted deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is found at both vent locations. In such inhospitable environments survival strategies rely on the establishment of bacteria-vent animal symbiosis In spite of the toxic nature of deep-sea vents, the problem of microbial threat and the need for immunity exist in B. azoricus. This study aims at investigating the immune system of B. azoricus from MG and LS populations by comparing immune gene expressions profiles using the deep-sea vent-related Vibrio diabolicus. Expression of nineteen immune genes was analyzed from gill, digestive gland and mantle tissues upon 3 h, 12 h and 24 h V. diabolicus challenges. Based on quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) significant gene expression differences were found among MG and LS populations and challenge times MG mussels revealed that gill and digestive gland gene expression levels were remarkably higher than those from LS mussels. Expression of Carcinolectin, Serpin-2, SRCR, IRGs, RTK, TLR2, NF-κB, HSP70 and Ferritin genes was greater in MG than LS mussels. In contrast, mantle tissue from LS mussels revealed the highest peak of expression at 24 h for most genes analyzed. The activation of immune signaling pathways demonstrated that gene expression profiles are distinct between the two mussel populations. These differences may possibly ensue from intrinsic immune transcriptional activities upon which host responses are modulated in presence of V. diabolicus. mRNA transcript variations were assessed during 24 h acclimatization taking into account the partial depuration to which mussels were subjected to. Additionally, gene expression differences may reflect still accountable effects from the presence of vent remaining microfluidic environments within the tissues analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martins
- IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- IMAR Institute of Marine Research Center, Portugal; MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
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236
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Srivastava S, Makarava N, Katorcha E, Savtchenko R, Brossmer R, Baskakov IV. Post-conversion sialylation of prions in lymphoid tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6654-62. [PMID: 26627256 PMCID: PMC4672809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517993112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylated glycans on the surface of mammalian cells act as part of a "self-associated molecular pattern," helping the immune system to recognize "self" from "altered self" or "nonself." To escape the host immune system, some bacterial pathogens have evolved biosynthetic pathways for host-like sialic acids, whereas others recruited host sialic acids for decorating their surfaces. Prions lack nucleic acids and are not conventional pathogens. Nevertheless, prions might use a similar strategy for invading and colonizing the lymphoreticular system. Here we show that the sialylation status of the infectious, disease-associated state of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)) changes with colonization of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). As a result, spleen-derived PrP(Sc) is more sialylated than brain-derived PrP(Sc). Enhanced sialylation of PrP(Sc) is recapitulated in vitro by incubating brain-derived PrP(Sc) with primary splenocytes or cultured macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. General inhibitors of sialyltranserases (STs), the enzymes that transfer sialic acid residues onto terminal positions of glycans, suppressed extrasialylation of PrP(Sc). A fluorescently labeled precursor of sialic acid revealed ST activity associated with RAW macrophages. This study illustrates that, upon colonization of SLOs, the sialylation status of prions changes by host STs. We propose that this mechanism is responsible for camouflaging prions in SLOs and has broad implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Natallia Makarava
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Elizaveta Katorcha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Regina Savtchenko
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia V Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
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237
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Ahmed H, AlSadek DMM. Galectin-3 as a Potential Target to Prevent Cancer Metastasis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:113-21. [PMID: 26640395 PMCID: PMC4662425 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s29462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between two cells or between cell and extracellular matrix mediated by protein–carbohydrate interactions play pivotal roles in modulating various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, is involved in fibrosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis, but the detailed mechanisms of its functions remain elusive. This review discusses its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, and involvement in various aspects of tumorigenesis and some potential carbohydrate ligands that are currently investigated to block galectin-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ahmed
- President and Chief Scientific Officer, GlycoMantra, Inc., Aldie, VA, USA
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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238
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Benatar AF, García GA, Bua J, Cerliani JP, Postan M, Tasso LM, Scaglione J, Stupirski JC, Toscano MA, Rabinovich GA, Gómez KA. Galectin-1 Prevents Infection and Damage Induced by Trypanosoma cruzi on Cardiac Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004148. [PMID: 26451839 PMCID: PMC4599936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is the result of a pathologic process starting during the acute phase of parasite infection. Among different factors, the specific recognition of glycan structures by glycan-binding proteins from the parasite or from the mammalian host cells may play a critical role in the evolution of the infection. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we investigated the contribution of galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein abundantly expressed in human and mouse heart, to the pathophysiology of T. cruzi infection, particularly in the context of cardiac pathology. We found that exposure of HL-1 cardiac cells to Gal-1 reduced the percentage of infection by two different T. cruzi strains, Tulahuén (TcVI) and Brazil (TcI). In addition, Gal-1 prevented exposure of phosphatidylserine and early events in the apoptotic program by parasite infection on HL-1 cells. These effects were not mediated by direct interaction with the parasite surface, suggesting that Gal-1 may act through binding to host cells. Moreover, we also observed that T. cruzi infection altered the glycophenotype of cardiac cells, reducing binding of exogenous Gal-1 to the cell surface. Consistent with these data, Gal-1 deficient (Lgals1-/-) mice showed increased parasitemia, reduced signs of inflammation in heart and skeletal muscle tissues, and lower survival rates as compared to wild-type (WT) mice in response to intraperitoneal infection with T. cruzi Tulahuén strain. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that Gal-1 modulates T. cruzi infection of cardiac cells, highlighting the relevance of galectins and their ligands as regulators of host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Benatar
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A. García
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacqeline Bua
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben”, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M. Tasso
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Scaglione
- Hospital Pedro de Elizalde, Servicio de Cardiología, Sección Electrofisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Stupirski
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A. Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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239
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Glycosylation of solute carriers: mechanisms and functional consequences. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:159-76. [PMID: 26383868 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) are one of the largest groups of multi-spanning membrane proteins in mammals and include ubiquitously expressed proteins as well as proteins with highly restricted tissue expression. A vast number of studies have addressed the function and organization of SLCs as well as their posttranslational regulation, but only relatively little is known about the role of SLC glycosylation. Glycosylation is one of the most abundant posttranslational modifications of animal proteins and through recent advances in our understanding of protein-glycan interactions, the functional roles of SLC glycosylation are slowly emerging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise overview of the aspects of glycobiology most relevant to SLCs, to discuss the roles of glycosylation in the regulation and function of SLCs, and to outline the major open questions in this field, which can now be addressed given major technical advances in this and related fields of study in recent years.
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240
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Vasta GR, Feng C, Bianchet MA, Bachvaroff TR, Tasumi S. Structural, functional, and evolutionary aspects of galectins in aquatic mollusks: From a sweet tooth to the Trojan horse. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:94-106. [PMID: 25982395 PMCID: PMC4509915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectins constitute a conserved and widely distributed lectin family characterized by their binding affinity for β-galactosides and a unique binding site sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). In spite of their structural conservation, galectins display a remarkable functional diversity, by participating in developmental processes, cell adhesion and motility, regulation of immune homeostasis, and recognition of glycans on the surface of viruses, bacteria and protozoan parasites. In contrast with mammals, and other vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, the identification and characterization of bona fide galectins in aquatic mollusks has been relatively recent. Most of the studies have focused on the identification and domain organization of galectin-like transcripts or proteins in diverse tissues and cell types, including hemocytes, and their expression upon environmental or infectious challenge. Lectins from the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, however, have been characterized in their molecular, structural and functional aspects and some notable features have become apparent in the galectin repertoire of aquatic mollusks. These including less diversified galectin repertoires and different domain organizations relative to those observed in vertebrates, carbohydrate specificity for blood group oligosaccharides, and up regulation of galectin expression by infectious challenge, a feature that supports their proposed role(s) in innate immune responses. Although galectins from some aquatic mollusks have been shown to recognize microbial pathogens and parasites and promote their phagocytosis, they can also selectively bind to phytoplankton components, suggesting that they also participate in uptake and intracellular digestion of microalgae. In addition, the experimental evidence suggests that the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus has co-evolved with the oyster host to be selectively recognized by the oyster hemocyte galectins over algal food or bacterial pathogens, thereby subverting the oyster's innate immune/feeding recognition mechanisms to gain entry into the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - C Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - M A Bianchet
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Biophysics & Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - T R Bachvaroff
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - S Tasumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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241
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Poncini CV, Ilarregui JM, Batalla EI, Engels S, Cerliani JP, Cucher MA, van Kooyk Y, González-Cappa SM, Rabinovich GA. Trypanosoma cruziInfection Imparts a Regulatory Program in Dendritic Cells and T Cells via Galectin-1–Dependent Mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3311-24. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bing SJ, Ha D, Ahn G, Cho J, Kim A, Park SK, Yu HS, Jee Y. Galectin isolated from parasite inhibits remission of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by up-regulating autoantibody. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:419-31. [PMID: 25619397 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, parasite infections or parasite-derived products have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy with suppression of immunopathology, which involves the induction of regulatory T cells or/and T helper type 2 (Th2) responses. In a recent study, researchers reported that constructed recombinant galectin (rTl-gal) isolated from an adult worm of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Toxascaris leonina attenuated clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in mice treated with dextran sulphate sodium. Noting the role of rTl-gal in inflammatory disease, we attempted to investigate the effect of the parasite via its rTl-gal on neuronal autoimmune disease using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disease model of human multiple sclerosis. In this model, rTl-gal-treated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice failed to recover after the peak of the disease, leading to persistent central nervous system (CNS) damage, such as demyelination, gliosis and axonal damage. Further, rTl-gal-treated EAE mice markedly increased the number of CD45R/B220(+) B cells in both infiltrated inflammation and the periphery, along with the increased production of autoantibody [anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 ] in serum at chronic stage. Upon antigen restimulation, rTl-gal treatment affected the release of overall cytokines, especially interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Our results suggest that galectin isolated from a gastrointestinal parasite can deliver a harmful effect to EAE contrary to its beneficial effect on inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bing
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - D Ha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - G Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - J Cho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - A Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - S K Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - H S Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Y Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for nuclear science & technology, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.,Department of Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
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243
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Choi KM, Shim SH, An CM, Nam BH, Jeong JM, Kim JW, Park CI. Functional characterisation and expression analysis of recombinant serum amyloid P isoform 1 (RbSAP1) from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:277-285. [PMID: 25917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. Pentraxins (PTX) are humoral lectins, which are multifunctional proteins in vertebrates. Pentraxins can be divided into two groups based on their primary structure: short (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P [SAP]) and long pentraxins (PTX3 and neuronal pentraxins). Previously, SAP was shown to have Ca(2+)-dependent binding specificity for various ligands and to be a major acute phase protein. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding SAP isoform 1 in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbSAP1) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. An alignment analysis conducted based on the deduced amino acid sequence of RbSAP1 (1918 bp full-length cDNA with a 699 bp open reading frame encoding 232 amino acids) and SAPs and PTXs isolated from other organisms, revealed that the pentraxin domain and cysteine residues of the deduced protein are conserved. RbSAP1, which was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, was predominantly detected in head kidney, trunk kidney, peripheral blood leukocytes, and gills. RbSAP1 expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney and liver after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, or red seabream iridovirus. Purified rRbSAP1 was able to bind Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interestingly, rRbSAP1 aggregated Gram-negative bacteria in the presence of Ca(2+). The anti-pathogen activity of rRbSAP1 suggests that SAP functions in innate immunity in the rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong Gu, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul Min An
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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244
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Li Y, Huang X, Guan Y, Shi Y, Zhang H, He M. DNA methylation is associated with expression level changes of galectin gene in mantle wound healing process of pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:912-918. [PMID: 26093206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectin is one important member of pattern recognition proteins that plays a pivotal role in regulating innate immune response of invertebrates. In this study, we cloned the promoter sequence of a tandem-repeat galectin from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (P. fucata). The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that galectin mRNA expression in mantle tissues were firstly up-regulated from time points of 2 h-24 h, and then down-regulated from time points of 24 h-168 h after mantle injury. The genome methylation level of mantle tissue was inversely related to galectin mRNA expression (Pearson correlation: -0.554, P: 0.154). The "CpG4-6" methylation level in promoter region of galectin was significant positive correlated with the mRNA expression (Pearson correlation: 0.313, P: 0.049). The results indicated that galectin gene may be involved in immune response in mantle wound healing process of P. fucata, and DNA methylation may be a regulation factor of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiande Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yunyan Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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245
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Feng C, Ghosh A, Amin MN, Bachvaroff TR, Tasumi S, Pasek M, Banerjee A, Shridhar S, Wang LX, Bianchet MA, Vasta GR. Galectin CvGal2 from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Displays Unique Specificity for ABH Blood Group Oligosaccharides and Differentially Recognizes Sympatric Perkinsus Species. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4711-30. [PMID: 26158802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are highly conserved lectins that are key to multiple biological functions, including pathogen recognition and regulation of immune responses. We previously reported that CvGal1, a galectin expressed in phagocytic cells (hemocytes) of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), is hijacked by the parasite Perkinsus marinus to enter the host, where it causes systemic infection and death. Screening of an oyster hemocyte cDNA library revealed a novel galectin, which we designated CvGal2, with four tandemly arrayed carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). Phylogentic analysis of the CvGal2 CRDs suggests close relationships with homologous CRDs from CvGal1. Glycan array analysis, however, revealed that, unlike CvGal1 which preferentially binds to the blood group A tetrasaccharide, CvGal2 recognizes both blood group A and B tetrasaccharides and related structures, suggesting that CvGal2 has broader binding specificity. Furthermore, SPR analysis demonstrated significant differences in the binding kinetics of CvGal1 and CvGal2, and structural modeling revealed substantial differences in their interactions with the oligosaccharide ligands. CvGal2 is homogeneously distributed in the hemocyte cytoplasm, is released to the extracellular space, and binds to the hemocyte surface. CvGal2 binds to P. marinus trophozoites in a dose-dependent and β-galactoside-specific manner. Strikingly, negligible binding of CvGal2 was observed for Perkinsus chesapeaki, a sympatric parasite species mostly prevalent in the clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica. The differential recognition of Perkinsus species by the oyster galectins is consistent with their relative prevalence in oyster and clam species and supports their role in facilitating parasite entry and infectivity in a host-preferential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiguang Feng
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | | | | | - Tsvetan R Bachvaroff
- ∥University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Satoshi Tasumi
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Marta Pasek
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | - Surekha Shridhar
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
| | | | | | - Gerardo R Vasta
- †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, United States
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246
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Garcia-Parajo MF, Cambi A, Torreno-Pina JA, Thompson N, Jacobson K. Nanoclustering as a dominant feature of plasma membrane organization. J Cell Sci 2015; 127:4995-5005. [PMID: 25453114 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies have revealed that some mammalian plasma membrane proteins exist in small nanoclusters. The advent of super-resolution microscopy has corroborated and extended this picture, and led to the suggestion that many, if not most, membrane proteins are clustered at the plasma membrane at nanoscale lengths. In this Commentary, we present selected examples of glycosylphosphatidyl-anchored proteins, Ras family members and several immune receptors that provide evidence for nanoclustering. We advocate the view that nanoclustering is an important part of the hierarchical organization of proteins in the plasma membrane. According to this emerging picture, nanoclusters can be organized on the mesoscale to form microdomains that are capable of supporting cell adhesion, pathogen binding and immune cell-cell recognition amongst other functions. Yet, a number of outstanding issues concerning nanoclusters remain open, including the details of their molecular composition, biogenesis, size, stability, function and regulation. Notions about these details are put forth and suggestions are made about nanocluster function and why this general feature of protein nanoclustering appears to be so prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Nanobiophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A Torreno-Pina
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Nancy Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Ken Jacobson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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247
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Peatman E, Lange M, Zhao H, Beck BH. Physiology and immunology of mucosal barriers in catfish (Ictalurus spp.). Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1068907. [PMID: 26716071 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1068907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal barriers of catfish (Ictalurus spp) constitute the first line of defense against pathogen invasion while simultaneously carrying out a diverse array of other critical physiological processes, including nutrient adsorption, osmoregulation, waste excretion, and environmental sensing. Catfish depend more heavily on mucosal barriers than their terrestrial counterparts as they are continuously interacting with the aquatic microbiota. Our understanding of these barriers, while growing, is still limited relative to that of mammalian model systems. Nevertheless, a combination of molecular and cellular studies in catfish over the last few decades, and particularly within the last few years, has helped to elucidate many of the primary actors and pathways critical to their mucosal health. Here we describe aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses in the primary mucosal tissues (skin, gill, and intestine) of catfish, focusing on mucus-driven responses, pathogen recognition, soluble mediators, and immunoglobulin and T-cell derived immunity. Modulation of mucosal barriers will be critical moving forward for crafting better diets, improving vaccine delivery, enhancing water quality, and ensuring sustainable production practices in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Auburn University ; Auburn, AL USA
| | - Miles Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center ; Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences; Auburn University ; Auburn, AL USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center ; Stuttgart, AR USA
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248
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Alqahtani F, Mahdavi J, Wheldon LM, Vassey M, Pirinccioglu N, Royer PJ, Qarani SM, Morroll S, Stoof J, Holliday ND, Teo SY, Oldfield NJ, Wooldridge KG, Ala'Aldeen DAA. Deciphering the complex three-way interaction between the non-integrin laminin receptor, galectin-3 and Neisseria meningitidis. Open Biol 2015; 4:rsob.140053. [PMID: 25274119 PMCID: PMC4221890 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-integrin laminin receptor (LAMR1/RPSA) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are multi-functional host molecules with roles in diverse pathological processes, particularly of infectious or oncogenic origins. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and confocal imaging, we demonstrate that the two proteins homo- and heterodimerize, and that each isotype forms a distinct cell surface population. We present evidence that the 37 kDa form of LAMR1 (37LRP) is the precursor of the previously described 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR), whereas the heterodimer represents an entity that is distinct from this molecule. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the single cysteine (C(173)) of Gal-3 or lysine (K(166)) of LAMR1 are critical for heterodimerization. Recombinant Gal-3, expressed in normally Gal-3-deficient N2a cells, dimerized with endogenous LAMR1 and led to a significantly increased number of internalized bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis), confirming the role of Gal-3 in bacterial invasion. Contact-dependent cross-linking determined that, in common with LAMR1, Gal-3 binds the meningococcal secretin PilQ, in addition to the major pilin PilE. This study adds significant new mechanistic insights into the bacterial-host cell interaction by clarifying the nature, role and bacterial ligands of LAMR1 and Gal-3 isotypes during colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulwah Alqahtani
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jafar Mahdavi
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lee M Wheldon
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew Vassey
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Pierre-Joseph Royer
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Suzan M Qarani
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Shaun Morroll
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeroen Stoof
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Siew Y Teo
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil J Oldfield
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Karl G Wooldridge
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dlawer A A Ala'Aldeen
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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de Oliveira FL, Gatto M, Bassi N, Luisetto R, Ghirardello A, Punzi L, Doria A. Galectin-3 in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1019-28. [PMID: 26142116 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215593826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin, which regulates cell-cell and extracellular interactions during self/non-self-antigen recognition and cellular activation, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. It plays a significant role in cellular and tissue pathophysiology by organizing niches that drive inflammation and immune responses. Gal-3 has some therapeutic potential in several diseases, including chronic inflammatory disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Gal-3 exerts a broad spectrum of functions which differs according to its intra- or extracellular localization. Recombinant gal-3 strategy has been used to identify potential mode of action of gal-3; however, exogenous gal-3 may not reproduce the functions of the endogenous gal-3. Notably, gal-3 induces monocyte-macrophage differentiation, interferes with dendritic cell fate decision, regulates apoptosis on T lymphocytes and inhibits B-lymphocyte differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells. Considering the influence of these cell populations in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, gal-3 seems to play a role in development of autoimmunity. Gal-3 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in patients affected with some autoimmune disorders. However, the precise role of gal-3 in driving the inflammatory process in autoimmune or immune-mediated disorders remains elusive. Here, we reviewed the involvement of gal-3 in cellular and tissue events during autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L de Oliveira
- Coimbra Group Fellowship for Latin American Professors, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-902, Brazil Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Nicola Bassi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
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250
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Hou F, Liu Y, He S, Wang X, Mao A, Liu Z, Sun C, Liu X. A galectin from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is involved in immune recognition and bacteria phagocytosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:584-591. [PMID: 25819117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are conserved family members with β-galactosides affinity that play multiple functions in embryogenesis, development and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. However, little functional studies were reported in crustaceans. Here, a shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei galectin (LvGal) cDNA was identified with an open reading frame of 1017 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 338 amino acids. A carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and several amino acids residues involved in dimerization were found in LvGal. LvGal mRNA was mainly expressed in gills and hemocytes and upregulated post Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Recombinant LvGal (rLvGal) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the purified rLvGal could strongly bind G(-) bacteria V. anguillarum and G(+) bacteria Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Besides, rLvGal exhibited strong activity to agglutinate V. anguillarum and weak activity to agglutinate M. lysodeikticus but no obvious antibacterial activity was found with selected bacteria. In addition, in vivo experiments showed rLvGal could promote phagocytosis of bacteria by hemocytes. Thus, through these collective data we predicted LvGal is involved in immune recognition and functions as a potential pattern recognition receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shulin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xianzong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aitao Mao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China.
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