201
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Kuo MY, Spitha N, Hautzinger MP, Hsieh PL, Li J, Pan D, Zhao Y, Chen LJ, Huang MH, Jin S, Hsu YJ, Wright JC. Distinct Carrier Transport Properties Across Horizontally vs Vertically Oriented Heterostructures of 2D/3D Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4969-4978. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Natalia Spitha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew P. Hautzinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pei-Lun Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lih-Juann Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Michael H. Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yung-Jung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - John C. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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202
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Lu G. Predictions of moiré excitons in twisted two-dimensional organic-inorganic halide perovskites. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6073-6080. [PMID: 33996003 PMCID: PMC8098687 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthrough in synthesizing arbitrary vertical heterostructures of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites opens doors to myriad quantum optoelectronic applications. However, it is not clear whether moiré excitons and flat bands can be formed in such heterostructures. Here, we predict from first principles that twisted homobilayers of RP perovskite, MA2PbI4, can host moiré excitons and yield flat energy bands. The moiré excitons exhibit unique and hybridized characteristics with electrons confined in a single layer of a striped distribution while holes localized in both layers. Nearly flat valence bands can be formed in the bilayers with relatively large twist angles, thanks to the presence of hydrogen bonds that strengthen the interlayer coupling. External pressures can further increase the interlayer coupling, yielding more localized moiré excitons and flatter valence bands. Finally, electrostatic gating is predicted to tune the degree of hybridization, energy, position and localization of moiré excitons in twisted MA2PbI4 bilayers. Excitonic states in twisted MA2PbI4 bilayers were calculated by first-principles calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge California 91330-8268 USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge California 91330-8268 USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge California 91330-8268 USA
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203
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Jiang Y, Wei J, Yuan M. Energy-Funneling Process in Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2593-2606. [PMID: 33689359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites, demonstrating excellent radiative efficiency and facile processability, have been considered as next-generation materials for light-emitting applications. Quasi-2D perovskites with a unique energy-funneling process offer an approach to achieve not only high photoluminescence quantum yields at low excitation but also tunable emission induced by dielectric and quantum confinement. In this Perspective, we highlight the mechanism of the energy-funneling process and discuss the salient position of it in quasi-2D perovskite materials for light-emitting applications; we then present the significance of component and molecular engineering strategies for the energy-funneling process to meet the requirements of stable emission and display technologies. Considering present achievements, we also provide promising directions for future advancements of quasi-2D perovskite materials. We hope this Perspective can provide a new viewpoint for researchers to encourage the commercial progress of quasi-2D perovskites for light-emitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Junli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, P.R. China
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204
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Smith B, Shakiba M, Akimov AV. Crystal Symmetry and Static Electron Correlation Greatly Accelerate Nonradiative Dynamics in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2444-2453. [PMID: 33661640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a recently developed many-body nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) framework for large condensed matter systems, we study the phonon-driven nonradiative relaxation of excess electronic excitation energy in cubic and tetragonal phases of the lead halide perovskite CsPbI3. We find that the many-body treatment of the electronic excited states significantly changes the structure of the excited states' coupling, promotes a stronger nonadiabatic coupling of states, and ultimately accelerates the relaxation dynamics relative to the single-particle description of excited states. The acceleration of the nonadiabatic dynamics correlates with the degree of configurational mixing, which is controlled by the crystal symmetry. The higher-symmetry cubic phase of CsPbI3 exhibits stronger configuration mixing than does the tetragonal phase and subsequently yields faster nonradiative dynamics. Overall, using a many-body treatment of excited states and accounting for decoherence dynamics are important for closing the gap between the computationally derived and experimentally measured nonradiative excitation energy relaxation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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205
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Panuganti S, Besteiro LV, Vasileiadou ES, Hoffman JM, Govorov AO, Gray SK, Kanatzidis MG, Schaller RD. Distance Dependence of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Rates in 2D Perovskite Quantum Wells via Control of Organic Spacer Length. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4244-4252. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhana Panuganti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Montreal, Quebec H5A 1K6, Canada
| | - Eugenia S. Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexander O. Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | | | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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206
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Biega RI, Filip MR, Leppert L, Neaton JB. Chemically Localized Resonant Excitons in Silver-Pnictogen Halide Double Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2057-2063. [PMID: 33606534 PMCID: PMC8028306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Halide double perovskites with alternating silver and pnictogen cations are an emerging family of photoabsorber materials with robust stability and band gaps in the visible range. However, the nature of optical excitations in these systems is not yet well understood, limiting their utility. Here, we use ab initio many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation approach to calculate the electronic structure and optical excitations of the double perovskite series Cs2AgBX6, with B = Bi3+, Sb3+ and X = Br-, Cl-. We find that these materials exhibit strongly localized resonant excitons with energies from 170 to 434 meV below the direct band gap. In contrast to lead-based perovskites, the Cs2AgBX6 excitons are computed to be non-hydrogenic with anisotropic effective masses and sensitive to local field effects, a consequence of their chemical heterogeneity. Our calculations demonstrate the limitations of the Wannier-Mott and Elliott models for this class of double perovskites and contribute to a detailed atomistic understanding of their light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa-Ioana Biega
- Institute
of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Marina R. Filip
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Linn Leppert
- Institute
of Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
- MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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207
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Tao W, Zhang C, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Zhu H. Momentarily trapped exciton polaron in two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1400. [PMID: 33658515 PMCID: PMC7930248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites with distinct excitonic feature have shown exciting potential for optoelectronic applications. Compared to their three-dimensional counterparts with large polaron character, how the interplay between long- and short- range exciton-phonon interaction due to polar and soft lattice define the excitons in 2D perovskites is yet to be revealed. Here, we seek to understand the nature of excitons in 2D CsPbBr3 perovskites by static and time-resolved spectroscopy which is further rationalized with Urbach-Martienssen rule. We show quantitatively an intermediate exciton-phonon coupling in 2D CsPbBr3 where exciton polarons are momentarily self-trapped by lattice vibrations. The 0.25 ps ultrafast interconversion between free and self-trapped exciton polaron with a barrier of ~ 34 meV gives rise to intrinsic asymmetric photoluminescence with a low energy tail at room temperature. This study reveals a complex and dynamic picture of exciton polarons in 2D perovskites and emphasizes the importance to regulate exciton-phonon coupling. Two-dimensional perovskite shows potential for optoelectronic applications due to its large exciton binding energy, yet the exciton-phonon interaction with the polar soft lattice is not well-understood. Here, the authors reveal the intermediate coupling regime where exciton polarons are momentarily trapped by lattice vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yida Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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208
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Chen TP, Lin JX, Lin CC, Lin CY, Ke WC, Wang DY, Hsu HS, Chen CC, Chen CW. Strong Excitonic Magneto-Optic Effects in Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10279-10286. [PMID: 33599486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the strong excitonic magneto-optic (MO) effects of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and Faraday rotation (FR) in nonmagnetic two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) at room temperature. Due to their strong and sharp excitonic absorption as a result of unique quantum well structures of 2D RPPs, sizeable linear excitonic MO effects of MCD and FR can be observed at room temperature under a low magnetic field (<1 T) compared with their three-dimensional counterpart. In addition, since the band gaps of 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites can be manipulated either by changing the number n of inorganic octahedral slabs per unit cell or through halide engineering, linear excitonic MO effects of 2D-RPPs can be observed through the broadband spectral ranges of visible light. Our result may pave the way for the promising research field of MO and magneto-optoelectronic applications based on 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with facile solution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Pei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Xiao Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - We-Chen Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Di-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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209
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Gan Z, Cheng Y, Chen W, Loh KP, Jia B, Wen X. Photophysics of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites: Progress, Debates, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001843. [PMID: 33747717 PMCID: PMC7967069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D organic-inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their excellent environmental stability, high degree of electronic tunability, and natural multiquantum-well structures. Although there is a rapid development of photoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers based on 2D RPPs, the state-of-the-art performance is far inferior to that of the existing devices because of the limited understanding on fundamental physics, especially special photophysics in carrier dynamics, excitonic fine structures, excitonic quasiparticles, and spin-related effect. Thus, there is still plenty of room to improve the performances of photoelectronic devices based on 2D RPPs by enhancing knowledge on fundamental photophysics. This review highlights the special photophysics of 2D RPPs that is fundamentally different from the conventional 3D congeners. It also provides the most recent progress, debates, challenges, prospects, and in-depth understanding of photophysics in 2D perovskites, which is significant for not only boosting performance of solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, but also future development of applications in lasers, spintronics, quantum information, and integrated photonic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Gan
- Center for Future Optoelectronic Functional MaterialsSchool of Computer and Electronic Information/School of Artificial IntelligenceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Yingchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
- Australian Centre for Advanced PhotovoltaicsSchool of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUNSW SydneyKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistryand Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research CentreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational AtomaterialsFaculty of ScienceEngineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyJohn StreetHawthornVIC3122Australia
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210
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Dyksik M, Wang S, Paritmongkol W, Maude DK, Tisdale WA, Baranowski M, Plochocka P. Tuning the Excitonic Properties of the 2D (PEA) 2(MA) n-1Pb nI 3n+1 Perovskite Family via Quantum Confinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1638-1643. [PMID: 33555896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals, the excitonic properties and band structure scale strongly with the thickness, providing a new playground for the investigation of exciton physics in the ultimate confinement regime. Here, we demonstrate the evolution of the fundamental excitonic properties, such as reduced mass, wave function extension, and exciton binding energy, in the 2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1, for n = 1, 2, 3. These parameters are experimentally determined using optical spectroscopy in a high magnetic field up to 65 T. The observation of the interband Landau level transitions provides direct access to the reduced effective mass μ and band gap Eg. We show that μ increases with the number of inorganic sheets n, reaching the value of three-dimensional (3D) MAPbI3 already for n = 3. Our experimental observations contradict the general expectation that quantum confinement leads to an enhanced carrier mass, showing another aspect of the unprecedented flexibility in the design of the electronic properties of 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Shuli Wang
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Grenoble and Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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211
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Hou J, Yu Y, Attique S, Cao B, Yang S. Laurionite Competes with 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites During the Saturation Recrystallization Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6505-6514. [PMID: 33502156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature saturation recrystallization (RTSR) method has been extensively used to prepare all-inorganic lead halide perovskite (e.g., CsPbBr3) nanocrystals. Here, we revealed that the composition of the products prepared by the seemingly simple RTSR method could be extremely complex under different experimental parameters. The pH value of the solution and the protonation tendency of the amines influenced by the amounts and types of introduced amines, oleic acid, and water from the environment determined the composition of the final products. PbBr2, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) formed by perovskite layers separated by intercalating cations, and laurionite Pb(OH)Br would form under acidic, mildly acidic, and alkaline conditions, respectively. Based on the understanding of the formation mechanism, Pb(OH)Br microparticles with well-defined morphologies were prepared, which could be transformed into highly luminescent CH3NH3PbBr3 with the morphology unchanged. The protonated amine behaves as an intercalating layer during the formation of 2D RPPs. Phenylethylamine (PEA) was proven to be an appropriate amine to prepare pure RPP microplates because of its weaker alkalinity compared to aliphatic amines. The prepared (PEA)2PbBr4 RPP microplates showed strong deep-blue light emission with a PL peak at 415 nm, which could be fine-tuned by changing amines. This study proved the complex reaction pathways of the seemingly simple RTSR method and extended the RTSR method into the fabrication of 2D RPPs and laurionite with promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hou
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yangchun Yu
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sanam Attique
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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212
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Zhou N, Ouyang Z, Yan L, McNamee MG, You W, Moran AM. Elucidation of Quantum-Well-Specific Carrier Mobilities in Layered Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1116-1123. [PMID: 33475365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered organohalide perovskite films consist of quantum wells with concentration distributions tailored to enhance long-range charge transport. Whereas cascaded energy and charge funneling behaviors have been detected with conventional optical spectroscopies, it is not clear that such dynamics contribute to the efficiencies of photovoltaic cells. In this Letter, we use nonlinear photocurrent spectroscopy to selectively target charge transport processes within devices based on layered perovskite quantum wells. The photocurrent induced by a pair of laser pulses is directly measured in this "action" spectroscopy to remove ambiguities in signal interpretation. By varying the external bias, we determine carrier mobilities for quantum-well-specific trajectories taken through the active layers of the devices. The results suggest that the largest quantum wells are primarily responsible for photocurrent production, whereas the smallest quantum wells trap charge carriers and are a major source of energy loss in photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhenyu Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Meredith G McNamee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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213
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Pan D, Fu Y, Spitha N, Zhao Y, Roy CR, Morrow DJ, Kohler DD, Wright JC, Jin S. Deterministic fabrication of arbitrary vertical heterostructures of two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:159-165. [PMID: 33257896 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ruddlesden-Popper lead halide perovskites have emerged as a new class of two-dimensional semiconductors with tunable optoelectronic properties, potentially offering unlimited heterostructure configurations for exploration. However, the practical realization of such heterostructures is challenging because of the difficulty in achieving controllable direct synthesis or van der Waals integration of halide perovskites due to their mobile and fragile crystal lattices. Here we report direct growth of large-area nanosheets of diverse phase-pure Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites with thicknesses down to one monolayer at the solution-air interface and a reliable approach for gently transferring and stacking these nanosheets. These advances enable the deterministic fabrication of arbitrary vertical heterostructures and multi-heterostructures of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites with greater structural degrees of freedom that define the electronic structures of the heterojunctions. Such rationally designed heterostructures exhibit interesting interlayer properties, such as interlayer carrier transfer and reduction of the photoluminescence linewidth, and could enable the exploration of exciton physics and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Natalia Spitha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chris R Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel D Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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214
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Wang HP, Li S, Liu X, Shi Z, Fang X, He JH. Low-Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskite Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003309. [PMID: 33346383 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been a hot research topic due to their facile synthesis, excellent optical and optoelectronic properties, and record-breaking efficiency of corresponding optoelectronic devices. Nowadays, the development of miniaturized high-performance photodetectors (PDs) has been fueling the demand for novel photoactive materials, among which low-dimensional MHPs have attracted burgeoning research interest. In this report, the synthesis, properties, photodetection performance, and stability of low-dimensional MHPs, including 0D, 1D, 2D layered and nonlayered nanostructures, as well as their heterostructures are reviewed. Recent advances in the synthesis approaches of low-dimensional MHPs are summarized and the key concepts for understanding the optical and optoelectronic properties related to the PD applications of low-dimensional MHPs are introduced. More importantly, recent progress in novel PDs based on low-dimensional MHPs is presented, and strategies for improving the performance and stability of perovskite PDs are highlighted. By discussing recent advances, strategies, and existing challenges, this progress report provides perspectives on low-dimensional MHP-based PDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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215
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Nah Y, Allam O, Kim HS, Choi JI, Kim IS, Byun J, Kim SO, Jang SS, Kim DH. Spectral Instability of Layered Mixed Halide Perovskites Results from Anion Phase Redistribution and Selective Hole Injection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1486-1496. [PMID: 33382600 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ability to precisely tune their bandgap energies, mixed halide perovskites (MHPs) suffer from significant spectral instability, which obstructs their utilization for the rational design of light-emitting diodes. Here, we investigate the origin of the electroluminescence peak shifts in layered MHPs containing bromide and iodide. X-ray diffraction and steady-state absorption measurements prove effective integration of iodide into the cubic lattice and the spatially uniform distribution of halides in the ambient environment. However, the applied electric field during the device operation is found to drive the systematic halide migration. Quantum mechanical density functional theory calculations reveal that the different activation energies required for directional ion hopping lead to the redistribution of anions. In-depth analyses of the electroluminescence spectra indicate that the spectral shifting rate is dependent on the drift velocity of halides. Finally, it is suggested from our study that the dominant red emission is ascribed to the thermodynamically favorable selective hole injection. Our mechanistic study provides insights into the fundamental reason for the spectral instability of devices based on MHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseo Nah
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Allam
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Han Seul Kim
- Center for Supercomputing Applications, National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Il Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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216
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Xie G, Wang L, Li P, Song S, Yao C, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Tao X. Low-Dimensional Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites Single Crystals via Bifunctional Amino Acid Cross-Linkage: Structural Diversity and Properties Controllability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3325-3335. [PMID: 33400480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional perovskite AMX3 has great potential in photoelectric applications, but the poor stability is a major problem that restricts its practical application. The emergence of lower dimensional perovskite solves this problem. Here, we have synthesized a group of novel low-dimensional perovskites with diverse structures. Different amino acids were incorporated in the perovskite cage. The formulas of the compounds are (A')mPbIm+2 (A' = COOH(CH2)nNH2, n = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9). These families of materials demonstrate structure-related stability, tunable bandgap, and different photoluminescence. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicated that the five materials employ different structure types varying from edge-sharing structures to face- and corner-sharing Pb/I structures by adjusting the number of C atoms in organic cations, and the level of [PbI6]4- octahedral distortion was also identified. The film prepared using these materials with longer carbon chains (n = 5, 7, 9) showed better stability, and they did not decompose within one year at 75% RH, 40 °C. The bifunctional organic ions containing carboxyl groups as spacer cations will form additional hydrogen bonding between perovskite layers, resulting in higher stability of the material. The band gaps of these materials vary from 2.19 to 2.6 eV depending on the octahedral connection mode and [PbI6]4- octahedral distortion level, density functional theory calculations (DFT) are consistent with our experimental trends and suggest that the face-sharing structure has the maximum band gap due to its flatter electron band structure. Bright green fluorescence was observed in (COOH(CH2)7NH3)2PbI4 and (COOH(CH2)9NH3)2PbI4 when excited by 365 nm UV light. A thorough comprehension of the structure-property relationships is of great significance for further practical applications of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peizhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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217
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Guo S, Bu K, Li J, Hu Q, Luo H, He Y, Wu Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Yang W, Kanatzidis MG, Lü X. Enhanced Photocurrent of All-Inorganic Two-Dimensional Perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 via Pressure-Regulated Excitonic Features. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2545-2551. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Guo
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kejun Bu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiangwei Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yihui He
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yanhui Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongzhou Zhang
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xujie Lü
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
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218
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Giovanni D, Ramesh S, Righetto M, Melvin Lim JW, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ye S, Xu Q, Mathews N, Sum TC. The Physics of Interlayer Exciton Delocalization in Ruddlesden-Popper Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:405-413. [PMID: 33337888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPP) have recently emerged as a prospective material system for optoelectronic applications. Their self-assembled multi quantum-well structure gives rise to the novel interwell energy funnelling phenomenon, which is of broad interests for photovoltaics, light-emission applications, and emerging technologies (e.g., spintronics). Herein, we develop a realistic finite quantum-well superlattice model that corroborates the hypothesis of exciton delocalization across different quantum-wells in RPP. Such delocalization leads to a sub-50 fs coherent energy transfer between adjacent wells, with the efficiency depending on the RPP phase matching and the organic large cation barrier lengths. Our approach provides a coherent and comprehensive account for both steady-state and transient dynamical experimental results in RPPs. Importantly, these findings pave the way for a deeper understanding of these systems, as a cornerstone crucial for establishing material design rules to realize efficient RPP-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- ERI@N, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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219
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Chakraborty R, Nag A. Dielectric confinement for designing compositions and optoelectronic properties of 2D layered hybrid perovskites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:82-93. [PMID: 33325476 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04682e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) layered hybrid lead halide perovskites are a fascinating class of semiconductors displaying a plethora of interesting optoelectronic properties with potential for application in solar cells, light emitting diodes, etc. Most of these properties can be linked to their repeating quantum well-like structures providing 2D excitons. In this perspective, we discuss how dielectric confinement of excitons originates in these layered hybrid perovskites, and then, how it can be used to tune the excitonic properties. In particular, we discuss the recent theoretical and experimental advances correlating dielectric confinement with chemical composition, excitonic binding energy, and optoelectronic property. The freedom from the restrictions of the Goldsmith tolerance factor allows the synthesis of hundreds of compositions of 2D layered hybrid perovskites by independently varying the organic and inorganic layers. We envisage that the combination of this compositional flexibility with the concepts of dielectric confinement discussed in this perspective would be a path forward for designing novel optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411008, India.
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220
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Maserati L, Refaely-Abramson S, Kastl C, Chen CT, Borys NJ, Eisler CN, Collins MS, Smidt TE, Barnard ES, Strasbourg M, Schriber EA, Shevitski B, Yao K, Hohman JN, Schuck PJ, Aloni S, Neaton JB, Schwartzberg AM. Anisotropic 2D excitons unveiled in organic-inorganic quantum wells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:197-208. [PMID: 34821298 DOI: 10.1039/c9mh01917k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) excitons arise from electron-hole confinement along one spatial dimension. Such excitations are often described in terms of Frenkel or Wannier limits according to the degree of exciton spatial localization and the surrounding dielectric environment. In hybrid material systems, such as the 2D perovskites, the complex underlying interactions lead to excitons of an intermediate nature, whose description lies somewhere between the two limits, and a better physical description is needed. Here, we explore the photophysics of a tuneable materials platform where covalently bonded metal-chalcogenide layers are spaced by organic ligands that provide confinement barriers for charge carriers in the inorganic layer. We consider self-assembled, layered bulk silver benzeneselenolate, [AgSePh]∞, and use a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations. We demonstrate that in this non-polar dielectric environment, strongly anisotropic excitons dominate the optical transitions of [AgSePh]∞. We find that the transient absorption measurements at room temperature can be understood in terms of low-lying excitons confined to the AgSe planes with in-plane anisotropy, featuring anisotropic absorption and emission. Finally, we present a pathway to control the exciton behaviour by changing the chalcogen in the material lattice. Our studies unveil unexpected excitonic anisotropies in an unexplored class of tuneable, yet air-stable, hybrid quantum wells, offering design principles for the engineering of an ordered, yet complex dielectric environment and its effect on the excitonic phenomena in such emerging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maserati
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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221
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Fridriksson M, van der Meer N, de Haas J, Grozema FC. Tuning the Structural Rigidity of Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites through the Organic Cation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:28201-28209. [PMID: 33391582 PMCID: PMC7771047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are an interesting class of semi-conducting materials. One of their main advantages is the large freedom in the nature of the organic spacer molecules that separates the individual inorganic layers. The nature of the organic layer can significantly affect the structure and dynamics of the 2D material; however, there is currently no clear understanding of the effect of the organic component on the structural parameters. In this work, we have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and dynamics of a 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite with a single inorganic layer (n = 1) and varying organic cations. We discuss the dynamic behavior of both the inorganic and the organic part of the materials as well as the interplay between the two and compare the different materials. We show that both aromaticity and the length of the flexible linker between the aromatic unit and the amide have a clear effect on the dynamics of both the organic and the inorganic part of the structures, highlighting the importance of the organic cation in the design of 2D perovskites.
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222
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Amerling E, Baniya S, Lafalce E, Blair S, Vardeny ZV, Whittaker-Brooks L. Quantifying Exciton Heterogeneities in Mixed-Phase Organometal Halide Multiple Quantum Wells via Stark Spectroscopy Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52538-52548. [PMID: 33179501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) quantum wells naturally self-assemble through weak van der Waals forces. In this study, we investigate the structural and optoelectronic properties of 2D-layered butylammonium (C4H9NH3+, BA+) methylammonium (CH3NH3+, MA) lead iodide, (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 quantum wells with varying n from 1 to 4. Through conventional structural characterization, (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 thin films showcase high-quality phase (n) purity. However, while investigating the optoelectronic properties, it is clear that these van der Waals heterostructures consist of multiple quantum well thicknesses coexisting within a single thin film. We utilized electroabsorption spectroscopy and Liptay theory to develop an analytical tool capable of deconvoluting the excitonic features that arise from different quantum well thicknesses (n) in (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 thin films. To obtain a quantitative assessment of exciton heterogeneities within a thin film comprising multiple quantum well structures, exciton resonances quantified by absorption spectroscopy were modeled as Gaussian features to yield various theory-generated electroabsorption spectra, which were then fit to our experimental electroabsorption features. In addition to identifying the quantum well heterostructures present within a thin film, this novel analytical tool provides powerful insights into the exact exciton composition and can be utilized to analyze the optoelectronic properties of many other mixed-phase quantum well heterostructures beyond those formed by OIHPs. Our findings may help in designing more efficient and reproducible light-emitting diodes based on 2D mixed-phase metal-organic multiple quantum wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Amerling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sangita Baniya
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Evan Lafalce
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Steve Blair
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zeev Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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223
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Lodeiro L, Barría-Cáceres F, Jiménez K, Contreras R, Montero-Alejo AL, Menéndez-Proupin E. Methodological Issues in First-Principle Calculations of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Surfaces: Quantum Confinement and Thermal Motion. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:29477-29491. [PMID: 33225179 PMCID: PMC7676347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and control of surfaces and interfaces are critical for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. In this work, we propose CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite slab models whose energy levels, free of quantum confinement, explicitly consider the spin-orbit coupling and thermal motion. We detail methodological tools based on the density functional theory that allow achieving these models at an affordable computational cost, and analytical corrections are proposed to correct these effects in other systems. The electronic state energies with respect to the vacuum of the static MAPI surface models, terminated in PbI2 and MAI atomic layers, are in agreement with the experimental data. The PbI2-terminated slab has in-gap surface states, which are independent of the thickness of the slab and also of the orientation of the cation on the surface. The surface states are not useful for alignments in photovoltaic devices, while they could be useful for photocatalytic reactions. The energy levels calculated for the MAI-terminated surface coincide with the widely used values to estimate the MAPI alignment with the charge transport materials, i.e., -5.4 and -3.9 eV for valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, respectively. Our study offers these slab models to provide guidelines for optimal interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lodeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras
3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Felipe Barría-Cáceres
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Karla Jiménez
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Renato Contreras
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras
3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Ana L. Montero-Alejo
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática
y del Medio Ambiente (FCNMM), Universidad
Tecnológica Metropolitana, José Pedro Alessandri 1242, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800002, Chile
- . Phone: +56
(2) 2787 7190
| | - Eduardo Menéndez-Proupin
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
- . Phone: +56 (2)
2978 7439. Fax: +56 (2) 2271
2973
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224
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Cheng L, Liu Z, Li S, Zhai Y, Wang X, Qiao Z, Xu Q, Meng K, Zhu Z, Chen G. Highly Thermostable and Efficient Formamidinium‐Based Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:856-864. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhou Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Shunde Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Qiaofei Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
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225
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Cheng L, Liu Z, Li S, Zhai Y, Wang X, Qiao Z, Xu Q, Meng K, Zhu Z, Chen G. Highly Thermostable and Efficient Formamidinium‐Based Low‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhou Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Shunde Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Qiaofei Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China
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226
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Tao W, Zhou Q, Zhu H. Dynamic polaronic screening for anomalous exciton spin relaxation in two-dimensional lead halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabb7132. [PMID: 33219022 PMCID: PMC7679171 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional lead halide perovskites with confined excitons have shown exciting potentials in optoelectronic applications. It is intriguing but unclear how the soft and polar lattice redefines excitons in layered perovskites. Here, we reveal the intrinsic exciton properties by investigating exciton spin dynamics, which provides a sensitive probe to exciton coulomb interactions. Compared to transition metal dichalcogenides with comparable exciton binding energy, we observe orders of magnitude smaller exciton-exciton interaction and, counterintuitively, longer exciton spin lifetime at higher temperature. The anomalous spin dynamics implies that excitons exist as exciton polarons with substantially weakened inter- and intra-excitonic interactions by dynamic polaronic screening. The combination of strong light matter interaction from reduced dielectric screening and weakened inter-/intra-exciton interaction from dynamic polaronic screening explains their exceptional performance and provides new rules for quantum-confined optoelectronic and spintronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qiaohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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227
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Xiao X, Wu M, Ni Z, Xu S, Chen S, Hu J, Rudd PN, You W, Huang J. Ultrafast Exciton Transport with a Long Diffusion Length in Layered Perovskites with Organic Cation Functionalization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004080. [PMID: 33048430 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Layered perovskites have been employed for various optoelectronic devices including solar cells and light-emitting diodes for improved stability, which need exciton transport along both the in-plane and the out-of-plane directions. However, it is not clear yet what determines the exciton transport along the in-plane direction, which is important to understand its impact toward electronic devices. Here, by employing both steady-state and transient photoluminescence mapping, it is found that in-plane exciton diffusivities in layered perovskites are sensitive to both the number of layers and organic cations. Apart from exciton-phonon coupling, the octahedral distortion is revealed to significantly affect the exciton diffusion process, determined by temperature-dependent photoluminescence, light-intensity-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence, and density function theory calculations. A simple fluorine substitution to phenethylammonium for the organic cations to tune the structural rigidity and octahedral distortion yields a record exciton diffusivity of 1.91 cm2 s-1 and a diffusion length of 405 nm along the in-plane direction. This study provides guidance to manipulate exciton diffusion by modifying organic cations in layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marvin Wu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Zhenyi Ni
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Peter Neil Rudd
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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228
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Jang CH, Harit AK, Lee S, Kim SH, Jeong JE, Park JH, Jung ED, Ha JM, Kwak SK, Woo HY, Song MH. Sky-Blue-Emissive Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Crystal Growth and Interfacial Control Using Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as a Hole-Transporting Layer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13246-13255. [PMID: 32910640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of poly(fluorene-co-phenylene)-based anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are prepared with varying sizes of counterions (tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium (TBA+)) and studied as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) for sky-blue-emissive perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Ionic CPE HTLs improve the wettability, compatibility, and nucleation of perovskite crystals at interfaces, enabling highly crystalline perovskite crystal growth with enhanced light-emitting properties. By incorporating the CPE HTLs containing bulky TBA+ counterions (MPS2-TBA) in place of PEDOT:PSS, the decreased phonon-electron coupling and increased exciton binding energy in perovskites are measured by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements. By increasing the size of counterions in CPE interlayers, the PL intensities and lifetimes of perovskite films increase. Through space-charge-limited current measurements, the lowest trap density is measured in the perovskite film on MPS2-TBA, emphasizing a critical role of larger counterions. Using density functional theory, MPS2-TBA is calculated to show the strongest adsorption affinity toward the interstitial defect of lead ions, explaining its pronounced interfacial defect passivation. The counterion size in CPE interlayers is interpreted as a main factor to determine the adsorption affinity onto perovskite, which determines the interacted area as noncovalent adsorption occurs. Finally, the sky-blue-emissive quasi-2D PeLED with MPS2-TBA shows the highest luminance efficiency (a peak EQE of 2.6% at 489 nm) and significantly improved spectral stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hyeon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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229
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Reversible multicolor chromism in layered formamidinium metal halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5234. [PMID: 33067460 PMCID: PMC7568568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites feature crystalline-like electronic band structures and liquid-like physical properties. The crystal–liquid duality enables optoelectronic devices with unprecedented performance and a unique opportunity to chemically manipulate the structure with low energy input. In this work, we leverage the low formation energy of metal halide perovskites to demonstrate multicolor reversible chromism. We synthesized layered Ruddlesden-Popper FAn+1PbnX3n+1 (FA = formamidinium, X = I, Br; n = number of layers = 1, 2, 3 … ∞) and reversibly tune the dimensionality (n) by modulating the strength and number of H-bonds in the system. H-bonding was controlled by exposure to solvent vapor (solvatochromism) or temperature change (thermochromism), which shuttles FAX salt pairs between the FAn+1PbnX3n+1 domains and adjacent FAX “reservoir” domains. Unlike traditional chromic materials that only offer a single-color transition, FAn+1PbnX3n+1 films reversibly switch between multiple colors including yellow, orange, red, brown, and white/colorless. Each colored phase exhibits distinct optoelectronic properties characteristic of 2D superlattice materials with tunable quantum well thickness. Metal halide perovskites feature crystalline-like electronic band structures and liquid-like physical properties that allow chemical manipulation of the structure with low energy input. Here, the authors leverage the low formation energy of 2D metal halide perovskites to demonstrate films that reversibly switch between multiple colors using tunable quantum well thickness.
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230
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Ouyang Z, Zhou N, Hu J, Williams OF, Yan L, You W, Moran AM. Nonlinear fluorescence spectroscopy of layered perovskite quantum wells. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134202. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0021759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ninghao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Olivia F. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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231
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Steinmetz V, Ramade J, Legrand L, Barisien T, Bernardot F, Lhuillier E, Bernard M, Vabre M, Saïdi I, Ghribi A, Boujdaria K, Testelin C, Chamarro M. Anisotropic shape of CsPbBr 3 colloidal nanocrystals: from 1D to 2D confinement effects. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18978-18986. [PMID: 32915178 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03901b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized strongly anisotropic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with very narrow emission and absorption lines associated to confinement effects along one or two dimensions, called respectively nanoplatelets (NPLs) and nanosticks (NSTs). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra taken at low temperature are very precise tools to determine which kind of confinement has to be considered and to deduce the shape, the size and the thickness of nanocrystals under focus. We show that the energy of the band-edge absorption and PL peaks versus the inverse of the square of the NPL thickness has a linear behaviour from 11 monolayers (MLs) i.e. a thickness of 6.38 nm, until 4 MLs (2.32 nm) showing that self-energy correction compensates the increase of the exciton binding energy in thin NPLs as already observed in Cadmium chalcogenides-based NPLs. We also show that slight changes in the morphology of NSTs leads to a very drastic modification of their absorption spectra. Time-resolved PL of NSTs has a non-monotonous behaviour with temperature. At 5 K, a quasi-single exponential with a lifetime of 80 ps is obtained; at intermediate temperature, the decay is bi-exponential and at 150 K, a quasi-single exponential decay is recovered (≈0.4 ns). For NSTs, the exciton interaction with LO phonons governs the broadening of the absorption and PL peaks at room temperature and is stronger than in chalcogenides quantum dots and NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Steinmetz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
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232
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Dahlman CJ, Venkatesan NR, Corona PT, Kennard RM, Mao L, Smith NC, Zhang J, Seshadri R, Helgeson ME, Chabinyc ML. Structural Evolution of Layered Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites in Colloidal Dispersions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11294-11308. [PMID: 32830961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the structure of layered hybrid metal halide perovskites, such as the Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) phases, is challenging because of their tendency to form mixtures of varying composition. Colloidal growth techniques, such as antisolvent precipitation, form dispersions with properties that match bulk layered R-P phases, but controlling the composition of these particles remains challenging. Here, we explore the microstructure of particles of R-P phases of methylammonium lead iodide prepared by antisolvent precipitation from ternary mixtures of alkylammonium cations, where one cation can form perovskite phases (CH3NH3+) and the other two promote layered structures as spacers (e.g., C4H9NH3+ and C12H25NH3+). We determine that alkylammonium spacers pack with constant methylene density in the R-P interlayer and exclude interlayer solvent in dispersed colloids, regardless of length or branching. Using this result, we illustrate how the competition between cations that act as spacers between layers, or as grain-terminating ligands, determines the colloidal microstructure of layered R-P crystallites in solution. Optical measurements reveal that quantum well dimensions can be tuned by engineering the ternary cation composition. Transmission synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering reveal changes in the structure of colloids in solvent and after deposition into thin films. In particular, we find that spacers can alloy between R-P layers if they share common steric arrangements, but tend to segregate into polydisperse R-P phases if they do not mix. This study provides a framework to compare the microstructure of colloidal layered perovskites and suggests clear avenues to control phase and colloidal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J Dahlman
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Naveen R Venkatesan
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Patrick T Corona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rhiannon M Kennard
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lingling Mao
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Noah C Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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233
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Ziegler JD, Zipfel J, Meisinger B, Menahem M, Zhu X, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Yaffe O, Egger DA, Chernikov A. Fast and Anomalous Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6674-6681. [PMID: 32786939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid perovskites are currently in the spotlight of condensed matter and nanotechnology research due to their intriguing optoelectronic and vibrational properties with emerging potential for light-harvesting and light-emitting applications. While it is known that these natural quantum wells host tightly bound excitons, the mobilities of these fundamental optical excitations at the heart of the optoelectronic applications are barely explored. Here, we directly monitor the diffusion of excitons through ultrafast emission microscopy from liquid helium to room temperature in hBN-encapsulated two-dimensional hybrid perovskites. We find very fast diffusion with characteristic hallmarks of free exciton propagation for all temperatures above 50 K. In the cryogenic regime, we observe nonlinear, anomalous behavior with an exceptionally rapid expansion of the exciton cloud followed by a very slow and even negative effective diffusion. We discuss our findings in view of efficient exciton-phonon coupling, highlighting two-dimensional hybrids as promising platforms for basic research and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D Ziegler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Jonas Zipfel
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Barbara Meisinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Matan Menahem
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-004, Japan
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
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234
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Qiao L, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Photoinduced Dynamics of Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites from an Atomistic Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7066-7082. [PMID: 32787332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have attracted intense attention over the past decade because of their low cost, abundant raw materials, and rapidly growing power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, nonradiative charge carrier losses still constitute a major factor limiting the PCE to well below the Shockley-Queisser limit. This Perspective summarizes recent atomistic quantum dynamics studies on the photoinduced excited-state processes in metal halide perovskites (MHPs), including both hybrid organic-inorganic and all-inorganic MHPs and three- and two-dimensional MHPs. The simulations, performed using a combination of time-domain ab initio density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, allow emphasis on various intrinsic and extrinsic features, such as components, structure, dimensionality and interface engineering, control and exposure to various environmental factors, defects, surfaces, and their passivation. The detailed atomistic simulations advance our understanding of electron-vibrational dynamics in MHPs and provide valuable guidelines for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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235
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Lu G. Intramolecular Band Alignment and Spin-Orbit Coupling in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6982-6989. [PMID: 32787199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites, four distinct types of intramolecular band alignment (Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb) can be formed between the organic and inorganic components. Molecular design to achieve desirable band alignments is of crucial importance to the applications of 2D perovskites and their heterostructures. In this work, by means of first-principles calculations, we have developed molecular design strategies that lead to the discovery of 2D halide perovskites with favorable band alignments toward light-emitting and photovoltaic applications. The same design strategies can be extended to vertical and lateral heterostructures of 2D perovskites with selective light emissions from the organic and/or inorganic layer of constituent 2D perovskites. For each intramolecular band alignment, the charge density and binding energy of the lowest energy exciton are examined. The effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the band structures is assessed. While SOC significantly lowers the band gaps in type-Ia and type-IIa alignments, it has a negligible effect in type-Ib and type-IIb alignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
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236
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Li J, Wang H, Li D. Self-trapped excitons in two-dimensional perovskites. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:225-234. [PMID: 36641579 PMCID: PMC9743880 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With strong electron-phonon coupling, the self-trapped excitons are usually formed in materials, which leads to the local lattice distortion and localized excitons. The self-trapping strongly depends on the dimensionality of the materials. In the three-dimensional case, there is a potential barrier for self-trapping, whereas no such barrier is present for quasi-one-dimensional systems. Two-dimensional (2D) systems are marginal cases with a much lower potential barrier or nonexistent potential barrier for the self-trapping, leading to the easier formation of self-trapped states. Self-trapped excitons emission exhibits a broadband emission with a large Stokes shift below the bandgap. 2D perovskites are a class of layered structure material with unique optical properties and would find potential promising optoelectronic. In particular, self-trapped excitons are present in 2D perovskites and can significantly influence the optical and electrical properties of 2D perovskites due to the soft characteristic and strong electron-phonon interaction. Here, we summarized the luminescence characteristics, origins, and characterizations of self-trapped excitons in 2D perovskites and finally gave an introduction to their applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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237
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Li M, Xu Y, Han S, Xu J, Xie Z, Liu Y, Xu Z, Hong M, Luo J, Sun Z. Giant and Broadband Multiphoton Absorption Nonlinearities of a 2D Organometallic Perovskite Ferroelectric. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002972. [PMID: 32705717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption (MPA) has been utilized for important technological applications. High-order multiphoton harvesting (e.g., five-photon absorption, 5PA) exhibits unique properties that could benefit biophotonics. Within this field, perovskite oxide ferroelectrics (e.g., BaTiO3 ) enable low-order optical nonlinearities of 2PA/3PA processes. However, it is challenging to obtain efficient, high-order 5PA effects. Herein, for the first time, giant and broadband MPA properties are presented in the 2D hybrid perovskite ferroelectric (IA)2 (MA)2 Pb3 Br10 (1; IA = isoamylammonium and MA = methylammonium), where multiphoton-excited optical nonlinearities related to different MPA mechanisms over a broadband range of 550-2400 nm are observed. Strikingly, its 5PA absorption cross-section (σ5 ) reaches up to 1.2 × 10-132 cm10 s4 photon-4 (at 2400 nm), almost 10 orders larger than some state-of-the-art organic molecules and a record-high value among all known ferroelectrics. This unprecedented 5PA effect results from the quantum-confined motif of inorganic trilayer sheets (wells) and organic cations (barriers) in 1. Moreover, its large ferroelectric polarization of 5 µC cm-2 could promote modulation of MPA effects under external electric fields. As far as it is known, this is the first report on giant, broadband high-order MPA properties in ferroelectrics, which provides potential, novel electric-ordered materials for next-generation biophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
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238
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Wang T, Fu Y, Jin L, Deng S, Pan D, Dong L, Jin S, Huang L. Phenethylammonium Functionalization Enhances Near-Surface Carrier Diffusion in Hybrid Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16254-16264. [PMID: 32845129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shibin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dongxu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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239
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Morrow DJ, Hautzinger MP, Lafayette DP, Scheeler JM, Dang L, Leng M, Kohler DD, Wheaton AM, Fu Y, Guzei IA, Tang J, Jin S, Wright JC. Disentangling Second Harmonic Generation from Multiphoton Photoluminescence in Halide Perovskites using Multidimensional Harmonic Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6551-6559. [PMID: 32700916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskites are an intriguing class of semiconductors being explored for their linear and nonlinear optical and ferroelectric properties. Second harmonic generation (SHG) is commonly used to screen for noncentrosymmetric and ferroelectric materials. However, SHG measurements of perovskites can be obscured by their intense multiphoton photoluminescence (mPL). Here, we apply multidimensional harmonic generation as a method to eliminate the complications from mPL. By scanning and correlating both excitation and emission frequencies, we unambiguously assess whether a material supports SHG by examining if an emission feature scales as twice the excitation frequency. Measurements of a series of n = 2, 3 RP perovskites reveal that, contrary to previous belief, n-butylammonium (BA) RP perovskites are not SHG-active and thus centrosymmetric, but RP perovskites with phenylethylammonium (PEA) and 2-thiophenemethylammonium (TPMA) spacer cations display SHG. This work establishes multidimensional harmonic generation as a definitive method to measure SHG in halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien J Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew P Hautzinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David P Lafayette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jason M Scheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lianna Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Meiying Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Daniel D Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amelia M Wheaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiang Tang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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240
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Gélvez‐Rueda MC, Peeters S, Wang P, Felter KM, Grozema FC. Effect of Structural Defects and Impurities on the Excited State Dynamics of 2D BA
2
PbI
4
Perovskite. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María C. Gélvez‐Rueda
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sicco Peeters
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peng‐Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin M. Felter
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 NL-2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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241
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Do TTH, Granados del Águila A, Xing J, Liu S, Xiong Q. Direct and indirect exciton transitions in two-dimensional lead halide perovskite semiconductors. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064705. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Thu Ha Do
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Andrés Granados del Águila
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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242
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Urban JM, Chehade G, Dyksik M, Menahem M, Surrente A, Trippé-Allard G, Maude DK, Garrot D, Yaffe O, Deleporte E, Plochocka P, Baranowski M. Revealing Excitonic Phonon Coupling in (PEA) 2(MA) n-1Pb nI 3n+1 2D Layered Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5830-5835. [PMID: 32597181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The family of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites is currently attracting great interest of the scientific community as highly promising materials for energy harvesting and light emission applications. Despite the fact that these materials are known for decades, only recently has it become apparent that their optical properties are driven by the exciton-phonon coupling, which is controlled by the organic spacers. However, the detailed mechanism of this coupling, which gives rise to complex absorption and emission spectra, is the subject of ongoing controversy. In this work we show that the particularly rich, absorption spectra of (PEA)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium and n = 1, 2, 3), are related to a vibronic progression of excitonic transition. In contrast to other two-dimensional perovskites, we observe a coupling to a high-energy (40 meV) phonon mode probably related to the torsional motion of the NH3+ head of the organic spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Urban
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gabriel Chehade
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Matan Menahem
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Duncan K Maude
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Garrot
- Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupelec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Baranowski
- UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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243
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Zhao C, Tian W, Sun Q, Yin Z, Leng J, Wang S, Liu J, Wu K, Jin S. Trap-Enabled Long-Distance Carrier Transport in Perovskite Quantum Wells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15091-15097. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zixi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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244
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Hanmandlu C, Singh A, Boopathi KM, Lai CS, Chu CW. Layered perovskite materials: key solutions for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:086502. [PMID: 32575080 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab9f88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites having three-dimensional crystal structures are being applied successfully in various optoelectronic applications. To address their most challenging issues-instability and toxicity-without losing efficiency, lower-dimensional perovskites appear to be promising alternatives. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells have been developed exhibiting excellent photostability and moisture-stability, together with moderate device efficiency. This review summarizes the photophysical properties and operating mechanisms of 2D perovskites as well as recent advances in their applications in solar cell devices. Also presented is an agenda for the next-stage development of stable perovskite materials for solar cell applications, highlighting the issues of stability and toxicity that require further study to ensure commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Hanmandlu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Anupriya Singh
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Nano Science and Technology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Green Technology Research Center, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, New Taipei City 33305, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chang Gung University, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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245
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DeCrescent RA, Du X, Kennard RM, Venkatesan NR, Dahlman CJ, Chabinyc ML, Schuller JA. Even-Parity Self-Trapped Excitons Lead to Magnetic Dipole Radiation in Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8958-8968. [PMID: 32667192 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, unconventional bright magnetic dipole (MD) radiation was observed from two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). According to commonly accepted HOIP band structure calculations, such MD light emission from the ground-state exciton should be strictly symmetry forbidden. These results suggest that MD emission arises in conjunction with an as-yet unidentified symmetry-breaking mechanism. In this paper, we show that MD light emission originates from a self-trapped p-like exciton stabilized at energies below the primary electric dipole (ED)-emitting 1s exciton. Using suitable combinations of sample and collection geometries, we isolate the distinct temperature-dependent properties of the ED and MD photoluminescence (PL). We show that the ED emission wavelength is nearly constant with temperature, whereas the MD emission wavelength exhibits substantial red shifts with heating. To explain these results, we derive a microscopic model comprising two distinct parity exciton states coupled to lattice distortions. The model explains many experimental observations, including the thermal red shift, the difference in emission wavelengths, and the relative intensities of the ED and MD emission. Thermodynamic analysis of temperature-dependent PL reveals that the MD emission originates from a locally distorted structure. Finally, we demonstrate unusual hysteresis effects of the MD-emitting state near structural phase transitions. We hypothesize that this is another manifestation of the local distortions, indicating that they are insensitive to phase changes in the equilibrium lattice structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A DeCrescent
- Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xinhong Du
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rhiannon M Kennard
- Department of Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Naveen R Venkatesan
- Department of Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Clayton J Dahlman
- Department of Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Department of Materials, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jon A Schuller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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246
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Dahod NS, France-Lanord A, Paritmongkol W, Grossman JC, Tisdale WA. Low-frequency Raman spectrum of 2D layered perovskites: Local atomistic motion or superlattice modes? J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044710. [PMID: 32752687 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the low-frequency Raman spectrum (ω = 10 cm-1-150 cm-1) of a wide variety of alkylammonium iodide based 2D lead halide perovskites (2D LHPs) as a function of A-site cation (MA = methylammonium and FA = formamidinium), octahedral layer thickness (n = 2-4), organic spacer chain length (butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-), and sample temperature (T = 77 K-293 K). Using density functional theory calculations under the harmonic approximation for n = 2 BA:MAPbI, we assign several longitudinal/transverse optical phonon modes between 30 cm-1 and 100 cm-1, the eigendisplacements of which are analogous to that observed previously for octahedral twists/distortions in bulk MAPbI. Additionally, we propose an alternative assignment for low-frequency modes below this band (<30 cm-1) as zone-folded longitudinal acoustic phonons corresponding to the periodicity of the entire layered structure. We compare measured spectra to predictions of the Rytov elastic continuum model for zone-folded dispersion in layered structures. Our results are consistent across the various 2D LHPs studied herein, with energetic shifts of optical phonons corresponding to microscopic structural differences between materials and energetic shifts of acoustic phonons according to changes in the periodicity and elastic properties of the perovskite/organic subphases. This study highlights the importance of both the local atomic order and the superlattice structure on the vibrational properties of layered 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel S Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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247
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Queloz VIE, Bouduban MEF, García‐Benito I, Fedorovskiy A, Orlandi S, Cavazzini M, Pozzi G, Trivedi H, Lupascu DC, Beljonne D, Moser J, Nazeeruddin MK, Quarti C, Grancini G. Spatial Charge Separation as the Origin of Anomalous Stark Effect in Fluorous 2D Hybrid Perovskites. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000228. [PMID: 32684906 PMCID: PMC7357595 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
2D hybrid perovskites (2DP) are versatile materials, whose electronic and optical properties can be tuned through the nature of the organic cations (even when those are seemingly electronically inert). Here, it is demonstrated that fluorination of the organic ligands yields glassy 2DP materials featuring long-lived correlated electron-hole pairs. Such states have a marked charge-transfer character, as revealed by the persistent Stark effect in the form of a second derivative in electroabsorption. Modeling shows that electrostatic effects associated with fluorination, combined with the steric hindrance due to the bulky side groups, drive the formation of spatially dislocated charge pairs with reduced recombination rates. This work enriches and broadens the current knowledge of the photophysics of 2DP, which will hopefully guide synthesis efforts toward novel materials with improved functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin I. E. Queloz
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneSionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Marine E. F. Bouduban
- Photochemical Dynamics GroupInstitute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS)École Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Ines García‐Benito
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneSionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fedorovskiy
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneSionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR‐SCITEC)Via Golgi 19MilanoI‐20133Italy
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR‐SCITEC)Via Golgi 19MilanoI‐20133Italy
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR‐SCITEC)Via Golgi 19MilanoI‐20133Italy
| | - Harsh Trivedi
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssen45141Germany
| | - Doru C. Lupascu
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg‐EssenEssen45141Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 20MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Jaques‐E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics GroupInstitute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS)École Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneSionCH‐1951Switzerland
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 20MonsB‐7000Belgium
- ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR)University of RennesUMR 6226RennesF‐35000France
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional MaterialsInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytéchnique Fédérale de LausanneSionCH‐1951Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and INSTMUniversity of PaviaVia Taramelli 14Pavia27100Italy
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Do TTH, Granados Del Águila A, Zhang D, Xing J, Liu S, Prosnikov MA, Gao W, Chang K, Christianen PCM, Xiong Q. Bright Exciton Fine-Structure in Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5141-5148. [PMID: 32459491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast-growing field of atomically thin semiconductors urges a new understanding of two-dimensional excitons, which entirely determine their optical responses. Here, taking layered lead halide perovskites as an example of unconventional two-dimensional semiconductors, by means of versatile optical spectroscopy measurements, we resolve fine-structure splitting of bright excitons of up to ∼2 meV, which is among the largest values in two-dimensional semiconducting systems. The large fine-structure splitting is attributed to the strong electron-hole exchange interaction in layered perovskites, which is proven by the optical emission in high magnetic fields of up to 30 T. Furthermore, we determine the g-factors for these bright excitons as ∼+1.8. Our findings suggest layered lead halide perovskites are an ideal platform for studying exciton spin-physics in atomically thin semiconductors that will pave the way toward exciton manipulation for novel device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thu Ha Do
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Andrés Granados Del Águila
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Dong Zhang
- SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912 Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Sheng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - M A Prosnikov
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Kai Chang
- SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912 Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory, HFML-EMFL, Radboud University, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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249
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Tunable exciton binding energy in 2D hybrid layered perovskites through donor-acceptor interactions within the organic layer. Nat Chem 2020; 12:672-682. [PMID: 32632185 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The strength of electrostatic interactions within semiconductors strongly affects their performance in optoelectronic devices. An important target is the tuning of a material's exciton binding energy-the energy binding an electron-hole pair through the electrostatic Coulomb force-independent of its electronic band gap. Here, we report on the doping of a family of two-dimensional hybrid perovskites, in which inorganic lead halide sheets alternate with naphthalene-based organic layers, with tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (TCBQ). For four out of seven n = 1 perovskites, the incorporation of the electron-accepting TCBQ dopant into the organic sublattice containing the electron-donating naphthalene species enabled the tuning of the materials' 1s exciton binding energy. The naphthalene-TCBQ electron donor-acceptor interactions increased the electrostatic screening of the exciton, in turn lowering its binding energy relative to the undoped perovskite-by almost 50% in one system. Structural and optical characterization showed that the inorganic lattice is not significantly perturbed even though the layer-to-layer spacing increases upon molecular dopant incorporation.
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250
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He T, Jiang Y, Xing X, Yuan M. Structured Perovskite Light Absorbers for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903937. [PMID: 32419234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskite materials (ABX3 ) have attracted widespread attention in the field of photovoltaics owing to their impressive optical and electrical properties. However, obstacles still exist in the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics, such as poor stability, hysteresis, and human toxicity. A-site cation engineering is considered to be a powerful tool to tune perovskite structures and the resulting optoelectronic properties. Based on the selection and combination of A-site cations, three types of perovskite structures, i.e., 3D perovskite, reduced-dimensional (2D/quasi-2D) perovskite, and 2D/3D hybrid perovskite can be formed. Herein, the remarkable breakthroughs resulting from these three perovskite structures are summarized, and their corresponding properties and characteristics, as well as their intrinsic disadvantages, are highlighted. By summarizing recent research progress, a new viewpoint for improving the performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaics is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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