201
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Priebe HJ. Pharmacological modification of the perioperative stress response in noncardiac surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2016; 30:171-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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202
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Bagoji AM, Patil SM, Nandibewoor ST. Electroanalysis of cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent acebutolol by disposable graphite pencil electrodes with detailed redox mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312009.2016.1172393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atmanand M. Bagoji
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - Shreekant M. Patil
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
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203
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Clay E, Patacchini R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Branà MP, Spina D, Page C. Ozone-Induced Hypertussive Responses in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:73-83. [PMID: 26837703 PMCID: PMC4977573 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough remains a major unmet clinical need, and preclinical animal models are not predictive for new antitussive agents. We have investigated the mechanisms and pharmacological sensitivity of ozone-induced hypertussive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs. Ozone induced a significant increase in cough frequency and a decrease in time to first cough to inhaled citric acid in both conscious guinea pigs and rabbits. This response was inhibited by the established antitussive drugs codeine and levodropropizine. In contrast to the guinea pig, hypertussive responses in the rabbit were not inhibited by bronchodilator drugs (β2 agonists or muscarinic receptor antagonists), suggesting that the observed hypertussive state was not secondary to bronchoconstriction in this species. The ozone-induced hypertussive response in the rabbit was inhibited by chronic pretreatment with capsaicin, suggestive of a sensitization of airway sensory nerve fibers. However, we could find no evidence for a role of TRPA1 in this response, suggesting that ozone was not sensitizing airway sensory nerves via activation of this receptor. Whereas the ozone-induced hypertussive response was accompanied by a significant influx of neutrophils into the airway, the hypertussive response was not inhibited by the anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast at a dose that clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, our results suggest that ozone-induced hypertussive responses to citric acid may provide a useful model for the investigation of novel drugs for the treatment of cough, but some important differences were noted between the two species with respect to sensitivity to bronchodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emlyn Clay
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Marcello Trevisani
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Delia Preti
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Branà
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
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204
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Karimi Galougahi K, Liu CC, Garcia A, Gentile C, Fry NA, Hamilton EJ, Hawkins CL, Figtree GA. β3 Adrenergic Stimulation Restores Nitric Oxide/Redox Balance and Enhances Endothelial Function in Hyperglycemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002824. [PMID: 26896479 PMCID: PMC4802476 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbed balance between NO and O2 (•-). (ie, NO/redox imbalance) is central in the pathobiology of diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. We examined whether stimulation of β3 adrenergic receptors (β3 ARs), coupled to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, would re-establish NO/redox balance, relieve oxidative inhibition of the membrane proteins eNOS and Na(+)-K(+) (NK) pump, and improve vascular function in a new animal model of hyperglycemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We established hyperglycemia in male White New Zealand rabbits by infusion of S961, a competitive high-affinity peptide inhibitor of the insulin receptor. Hyperglycemia impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by "uncoupling" of eNOS via glutathionylation (eNOS-GSS) that was dependent on NADPH oxidase activity. Accordingly, NO levels were lower while O2 (•-) levels were higher in hyperglycemic rabbits. Infusion of the β3 AR agonist CL316243 (CL) decreased eNOS-GSS, reduced O2 (•-), restored NO levels, and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation. CL decreased hyperglycemia-induced NADPH oxidase activation as suggested by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, and it increased eNOS co-immunoprecipitation with glutaredoxin-1, which may reflect promotion of eNOS de-glutathionylation by CL. Moreover, CL reversed hyperglycemia-induced glutathionylation of the β1 NK pump subunit that causes NK pump inhibition, and improved K(+)-induced vasorelaxation that reflects enhancement in NK pump activity. Lastly, eNOS-GSS was higher in vessels of diabetic patients and was reduced by CL, suggesting potential significance of the experimental findings in human diabetes. CONCLUSIONS β3 AR activation restored NO/redox balance and improved endothelial function in hyperglycemia. β3 AR agonists may confer protection against diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/chemically induced
- Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Activation
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/chemically induced
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/enzymology
- Hyperglycemia/physiopathology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptides
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Karimi Galougahi
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia University of Sydney Medical School Foundation, Sydney, Australia Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alvaro Garcia
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natasha A Fry
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Elisha J Hamilton
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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205
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Vinagre AM, Collares EF. Effect of selective β-adrenoceptor blockade and surgical resection of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex on delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2016; 49:S0100-879X2016000300603. [PMID: 26840714 PMCID: PMC4763818 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20155011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for participation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in delayed liquid
gastric emptying (GE) induced in rats by dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and
antipyrine (At). The present study aimed to determine whether β-adrenoceptors are
involved in delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazole derivatives and the role of the
prevertebral sympathetic nervous system in this condition. Male Wistar rats weighing
220-280 g were used in the study. In the first experiment rats were intravenously
pretreated with vehicle (V), atenolol 30 mg/kg (ATE, β1-adrenergic
antagonist), or butoxamine 25 mg/kg (BUT, β2-adrenergic antagonist). In
the second experiment, rats were pretreated with V or SR59230A 2 mg/kg (SRA,
β3-adrenergic antagonist). In the third experiment, rats were subjected
to surgical resection of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex or to sham
surgery. The groups were intravenously treated with saline (S), 240 µmol/kg Dp, AA,
or At, 15 min after pretreatment with the antagonists or V and nine days after
surgery. GE was determined 10 min later by measuring the percentage of gastric
retention (%GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after gavage. The %GR
(means±SE, n=6) values indicated that BUT abolished the effect of Dp (BUT+Dp
vs V+Dp: 35.0%±5.1% vs 56.4%±2.7%) and At
(BUT+At vs V+At: 33.5%±4.7% vs 52.9%±2.6%) on GE,
and significantly reduced (P<0.05) the effect of AA (BUT+AA vs
V+AA: 48.0%±5.0% vs 65.2%±3.8%). ATE, SRA, and sympathectomy did not
modify the effects of treatments. These results suggest that
β2-adrenoceptor activation occurred in delayed liquid gastric emptying
induced by the phenylpyrazole derivatives dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and
antipyrine. Additionally, the released neurotransmitter did not originate in the
celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vinagre
- Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - E F Collares
- Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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206
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Michel MC, Korstanje C. β3-Adrenoceptor agonists for overactive bladder syndrome: Role of translational pharmacology in a repositioning clinical drug development project. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 159:66-82. [PMID: 26808167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptor agonists were originally considered as a promising drug class for the treatment of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. When these development efforts failed, they were repositioned for the treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome. Based on the example of the β3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron, but also taking into consideration evidence obtained with ritobegron and solabegron, we discuss challenges facing a translational pharmacology program accompanying clinical drug development for a first-in-class molecule. Challenges included generic ones such as ligand selectivity, species differences and drug target gene polymorphisms. Challenges that are more specific included changing concepts of the underlying pathophysiology of the target condition while clinical development was under way; moreover, a paucity of public domain tools for the study of the drug target and aspects of receptor agonists as drugs had to be addressed. Nonetheless, a successful first-in-class launch was accomplished. Looking back at this translational pharmacology program, we conclude that a specifically tailored and highly flexible approach is required. However, several of the lessons learned may also be applicable to translational pharmacology programs in other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Cees Korstanje
- Department of Drug Discovery Science & Management-Europe, Astellas Pharma Europe R&D, Leiden, The Netherlands
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207
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Camp ND, Lee KS, Cherry A, Wacker-Mhyre JL, Kountz TS, Park JM, Harris DA, Estrada M, Stewart A, Stella N, Wolf-Yadlin A, Hague C. Dynamic mass redistribution reveals diverging importance of PDZ-ligands for G protein-coupled receptor pharmacodynamics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:13-21. [PMID: 26773201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential membrane proteins that facilitate cell-to-cell communication and co-ordinate physiological processes. At least 30 human GPCRs contain a Type I PSD-95/DLG/Zo-1 (PDZ) ligand in their distal C-terminal domain; this four amino acid motif of X-[S/T]-X-[φ] sequence facilitates interactions with PDZ domain-containing proteins. Because PDZ protein interactions have profound effects on GPCR ligand pharmacology, cellular localization, signal-transduction effector coupling and duration of activity, we analyzed the importance of Type I PDZ ligands for the function of 23 full-length and PDZ-ligand truncated (ΔPDZ) human GPCRs in cultured human cells. SNAP-epitope tag polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed most Type I PDZ GPCRs exist as both monomers and multimers; removal of the PDZ ligand played minimal role in multimer formation. Additionally, SNAP-cell surface staining indicated removal of the PDZ ligand had minimal effects on plasma membrane localization for most GPCRs examined. Label-free dynamic mass redistribution functional responses, however, revealed diverging effects of the PDZ ligand. While no clear trend was observed across all GPCRs tested or even within receptor families, a subset of GPCRs displayed diminished agonist efficacy in the absence of a PDZ ligand (i.e. HT2RB, ADRB1), whereas others demonstrated enhanced agonist efficacies (i.e. LPAR2, SSTR5). These results demonstrate the utility of label-free functional assays to tease apart the contributions of conserved protein interaction domains for GPCR signal-transduction coupling in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Camp
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kyung-Soon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Allison Cherry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wacker-Mhyre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dorathy-Ann Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marianne Estrada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aaron Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alejandro Wolf-Yadlin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chris Hague
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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208
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Yoshioka Y, Kadoi H, Yamamuro A, Ishimaru Y, Maeda S. Noradrenaline increases intracellular glutathione in human astrocytoma U-251 MG cells by inducing glutamate-cysteine ligase protein via β3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 772:51-61. [PMID: 26724392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Since neurons rely on the supply of GSH from astrocytes to maintain optimal intracellular GSH concentrations, the GSH concentration of astrocytes is important for the survival of neighboring neurons against oxidative stress. The neurotransmitter noradrenaline is known to modulate the functions of astrocytes and has been suggested to have neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative diseases. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective properties of noradrenaline, in this study, we investigated the effect of noradrenaline on the concentrations of intracellular GSH in human U-251 malignant glioma (MG; astrocytoma) cells. Treatment of the cells with noradrenaline for 24h concentration-dependently increased their intracellular GSH concentration. This increase was inhibited by a non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol and by a selective β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230A, but not by a non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine, or by a selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol or by a selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist butoxamine. In addition, the selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 increased the intracellular GSH in U-251 MG cells. Treatment of the cells with noradrenaline (10μM) for 24h increased the protein level of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLc), the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis; and this increase was inhibited by SR59230A. These results thus suggest that noradrenaline increased the GSH concentration in astrocytes by inducing GCLc protein in them via β3-adrenoceptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Hisatsugu Kadoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Akiko Yamamuro
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Sadaaki Maeda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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209
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 99mTc-labetalol for β1-adrenoceptor-mediated cardiac imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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210
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Pon CK, Lane JR, Sloan EK, Halls ML. The β2-adrenoceptor activates a positive cAMP-calcium feedforward loop to drive breast cancer cell invasion. FASEB J 2015; 30:1144-54. [PMID: 26578688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system by stress increases breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Preclinical studies suggest that stress activates β-adrenoceptors (βARs) to enhance metastasis from primary tumors and that β-blockers may be protective in breast cancer. However, the subtype of βAR that mediates this effect, as well as the signaling mechanisms underlying increased tumor cell dissemination, remain unclear. We show that the β2AR is the only functionally relevant βAR subtype in the highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231HM. β2AR activation results in elevated cAMP (formoterol pEC50 9.86 ± 0.32), increased intracellular Ca(2+) (formoterol pEC50 8.20 ± 0.33) and reduced phosphorylated ERK (pERK; formoterol pIC50 11.62 ± 0.31). We demonstrate that a highly amplified positive feedforward loop between the cAMP and Ca(2+) pathways is responsible for efficient inhibition of basal pERK. Importantly, activation of the β2AR increased invasion (formoterol area under the curve [AUC] relative to vehicle: 1.82 ± 0.36), which was dependent on the cAMP/Ca(2+) loop (formoterol AUC in the presence of 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine 0.64 ± 0.03, or BAPTA-AM 0.45 ± 0.23) but independent of inhibition of basal pERK1/2 (vehicle AUC with U0126 0.60 ± 0.30). Specifically targeting the positive feedforward cAMP/Ca(2+) loop may be beneficial for the development of therapeutics to slow disease progression in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy K Pon
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Robert Lane
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- *Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cousins Center, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California USA; and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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211
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Moore CL, McClenahan SJ, Hanvey HM, Jang DS, Nelson PL, Joseph BK, Rhee SW. Beta1-adrenergic receptor-mediated dilation of rat cerebral artery requires Shaker-type KV1 channels on PSD95 scaffold. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1537-46. [PMID: 25966954 PMCID: PMC4640345 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) is a scaffolding protein in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (cVSMCs), which binds to Shaker-type K(+) (KV1) channels and facilitates channel opening through phosphorylation by protein kinase A. β1-Adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) also have a binding motif for PSD95. Functional association of β1AR with KV1 channels through PSD95 may represent a novel vasodilator complex in cerebral arteries (CA). We explored whether a β1AR-PSD95-KV1 complex is a determinant of rat CA dilation. RT-PCR and western blots revealed expression of β1AR in CA. Isoproterenol induced a concentration-dependent dilation of isolated, pressurized rat CA that was blocked by the β1AR blocker CGP20712. Cranial window imaging of middle cerebral arterioles in situ showed isoproterenol- and norepinephrine-induced dilation that was blunted by β1AR blockade. Isoproterenol-induced hyperpolarization of cVSMCs in pressurized CA was blocked by CGP20712. Confocal images of cVSMCs immunostained with antibodies against β1AR and PSD95 indicated strong colocalization, and PSD95 co-immunoprecipitated with β1AR in CA lysate. Blockade of KV1 channels, β1AR or disruption of PSD95-KV1 interaction produced similar blunting of isoproterenol-induced dilation in pressurized CA. These findings suggest that PSD95 mediates a vasodilator complex with β1AR and KV1 channels in cVSMCs. This complex may be critical for proper vasodilation in rat CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Samantha J McClenahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hillary M Hanvey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Dae-Song Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Piper L Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sung W Rhee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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212
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Pecha S, Flenner F, Söhren KD, Lorenz K, Eschenhagen T, Christ T. β 1 Adrenoceptor antagonistic effects of the supposedly selective β 2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 on the positive inotropic effect of adrenaline in murine hearts. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00168. [PMID: 26516580 PMCID: PMC4618639 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relative contribution of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors (AR) generally employ selective β1- and β2-AR antagonists such as CGP 20712A and ICI 118,551, respectively, and assume that antagonism by one of these compounds indicates mediation by the respective AR subtype. Here, we evaluated the β2-AR-selectivity of ICI 118,551 in ventricular muscle strips of transgenic mice lacking β1-AR (β1-KO), β2-AR (β2-KO), or both (β1/β2-KO). Strips were electrically driven and force development was measured. In wild type (WT), ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/L) shifted the concentration–response curve (CRC) for adrenaline by about 0.5 log units to the right, corresponding to the known affinity of ICI 118,551 to β1-AR but not to β2-AR. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (10 μmol/L) shifted the CRC to the left, but did not enlarge the ICI 118,551 shift, indicating exclusive β1-AR mediation even when PDE4 is inactive. In line with this, rolipram and ICI 118,551 had similar effects in β2-KO than in WT. In contrast, β1-KO did not show any inotropic reaction to adrenaline (+/− rolipram). In WT, the β1-AR selective antagonist CGP 20712A (100 nmol/L) shifted the CRC for isoprenaline by 2.1 log units, corresponding to the affinity of CGP 20712A to β1-AR. Rolipram increased the sensitivity to adrenaline independently of the presence of CGP 20712A. We conclude that effects sensitive to the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118,551 are not necessarily β2-AR-mediated and CGP 20712A-resistant effects cannot be simply interpreted as β2-AR-mediated. Catecholamine effects in murine ventricles strictly depend on β1-AR, even if PDE 4 is blocked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pecha
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Söhren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany ; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany ; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
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213
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Al-Sawalha N, Pokkunuri I, Omoluabi O, Kim H, Thanawala VJ, Hernandez A, Bond RA, Knoll BJ. Epinephrine Activation of the β2-Adrenoceptor Is Required for IL-13-Induced Mucin Production in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132559. [PMID: 26161982 PMCID: PMC4498766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion by airway epithelium is a hallmark of inflammation in allergic asthma and results in airway narrowing and obstruction. Others have shown that administration a TH2 cytokine, IL-13 is sufficient to cause mucus hypersecretion in vivo and in vitro. Asthma therapy often utilizes β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists, which are effective acutely as bronchodilators, however chronic use may lead to a worsening of asthma symptoms. In this study, we asked whether β2AR signaling in normal human airway epithelial (NHBE) cells affected mucin production in response to IL-13. This cytokine markedly increased mucin production, but only in the presence of epinephrine. Mucin production was blocked by ICI-118,551, a preferential β2AR antagonist, but not by CGP-20712A, a preferential β1AR antagonist. Constitutive β2AR activity was not sufficient for IL-13 induced mucin production and β-agonist-induced signaling is required. A clinically important long-acting β-agonist, formoterol, was as effective as epinephrine in potentiating IL-13 induced MUC5AC transcription. IL-13 induced mucin production in the presence of epinephrine was significantly reduced by treatment with selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 (FR180204), p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125). Replacement of epinephrine with forskolin + IBMX resulted in a marked increase in mucin production in NHBE cells in response to IL-13, and treatment with the inhibitory cAMP analogue Rp-cAMPS decreased mucin levels induced by epinephrine + IL-13. Our findings suggest that β2AR signaling is required for mucin production in response to IL-13, and that mitogen activated protein kinases and cAMP are necessary for this effect. These data lend support to the notion that β2AR-agonists may contribute to asthma exacerbations by increasing mucin production via activation of β2ARs on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Sawalha
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Indira Pokkunuri
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Ozozoma Omoluabi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Hosu Kim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Vaidehi J. Thanawala
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Knoll
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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214
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Abstract
It is well established that cardiac remodeling plays a pivotal role in the development of heart failure, a leading cause of death worldwide. Meanwhile, sympathetic hyperactivity is an important factor in inducing cardiac remodeling. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of beta-adrenoceptor signaling pathways would help to find better ways to reverse the adverse remodeling. Here, we reviewed five pathways, namely mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Gs-AC-cAMP signaling, Ca(2+)-calcineurin-NFAT/CaMKII-HDACs signaling, PI3K signaling and beta-3 adrenergic signaling, in cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, we constructed a cardiac-remodeling-specific regulatory network including miRNA, transcription factors and target genes within the five pathways. Both experimental and clinical studies have documented beneficial effects of beta blockers in cardiac remodeling; nevertheless, different blockers show different extent of therapeutic effect. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms could help developing more effective drugs. Current evidence of treatment effect of beta blockers in remodeling was also reviewed based upon information from experimental data and clinical trials. We further discussed the mechanism of how beta blockers work and why some beta blockers are more potent than others in treating cardiac remodeling within the framework of cardiac remodeling network.
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215
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GPCR crystal structures: Medicinal chemistry in the pocket. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3880-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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216
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Michino M, Beuming T, Donthamsetti P, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. What can crystal structures of aminergic receptors tell us about designing subtype-selective ligands? Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:198-213. [PMID: 25527701 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that represent an important class of drug targets. In particular, aminergic GPCRs interact with a significant portion of drugs currently on the market. However, most drugs that target these receptors are associated with undesirable side effects, which are due in part to promiscuous interactions with close homologs of the intended target receptors. Here, based on a systematic analysis of all 37 of the currently available high-resolution crystal structures of aminergic GPCRs, we review structural elements that contribute to and can be exploited for designing subtype-selective compounds. We describe the roles of secondary binding pockets (SBPs), as well as differences in ligand entry pathways to the orthosteric binding site, in determining selectivity. In addition, using the available crystal structures, we have identified conformational changes in the SBPs that are associated with receptor activation and explore the implications of these changes for the rational development of selective ligands with tailored efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
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217
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Granato C, Korstanje C, Guilloteau V, Rouget C, Palea S, Gillespie JI. Prostaglandin E2 excitatory effects on rat urinary bladder: a comparison between the β-adrenoceptor modulation of non-voiding activity in vivo and micro-contractile activity in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:727-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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218
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Gillespie J.I, Rouget C, Palea S, Granato C, Korstanje C. Beta adrenergic modulation of spontaneous microcontractions and electrical field-stimulated contractions in isolated strips of rat urinary bladder from normal animals and animals with partial bladder outflow obstruction. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:719-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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219
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Stoddart LA, Johnstone EKM, Wheal AJ, Goulding J, Robers MB, Machleidt T, Wood KV, Hill SJ, Pfleger KDG. Application of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs. Nat Methods 2015; 12:661-663. [PMID: 26030448 PMCID: PMC4488387 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established method for investigating protein-protein interactions. Here we present a novel BRET approach to monitor ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of living cells made possible by the use of fluorescent ligands in combination with a novel bioluminescent protein (NanoLuc) that can be readily expressed on the N-terminus of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stoddart
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheal
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Keith V Wood
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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220
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Non-uniform changes in membrane receptors in the rat urinary bladder following outlet obstruction. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:82-8. [PMID: 26004535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and distribution of membrane receptors after bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) was induced in female rats and bladders were harvested after either 10 days or 6 weeks of BOO. The expression of different receptors was surveyed by microarrays and corroborated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A microarray experiment identified 10 membrane receptors that were differentially expressed compared to sham-operated rats including both upregulated and downregulated receptors. Four of these were selected for functional experiments on the basis of magnitude of change and relevance to bladder physiology. At 6 weeks of BOO, maximal contraction was reduced for neuromedin B and vasopressin (AVP), consistent with reductions of receptor mRNA levels. Glycine receptor-induced contraction on the other hand was increased and receptor mRNA expression was accordingly upregulated. Maximal relaxation by the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 was reduced as was the receptor mRNA level. Immunohistochemistry supported reduced expression of neuromedin B receptors, V1a receptors and β3-adrenergic receptors, but glycine receptor expression appeared unchanged. Western blotting confirmed repression of V1a receptors and induction of glycine receptors in BOO. mRNA for vasopressin was detectable in the bladder, suggesting local AVP production. We conclude that changes in receptor expression following bladder outlet obstruction are non-uniform. Some receptors are upregulated, conferring increased responsiveness to agonist, whereas others are downregulated, leading to decreased agonist-induced responses. This study might help to select pharmacological agents that are effective in modulating lower urinary tract symptoms in BOO.
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221
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Manglik A, Kim TH, Masureel M, Altenbach C, Yang Z, Hilger D, Lerch MT, Kobilka TS, Thian FS, Hubbell WL, Prosser RS, Kobilka BK. Structural Insights into the Dynamic Process of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. Cell 2015; 161:1101-1111. [PMID: 25981665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce signals from the extracellular environment to intracellular proteins. To gain structural insight into the regulation of receptor cytoplasmic conformations by extracellular ligands during signaling, we examine the structural dynamics of the cytoplasmic domain of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) using (19)F-fluorine NMR and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy. These studies show that unliganded and inverse-agonist-bound β2AR exists predominantly in two inactive conformations that exchange within hundreds of microseconds. Although agonists shift the equilibrium toward a conformation capable of engaging cytoplasmic G proteins, they do so incompletely, resulting in increased conformational heterogeneity and the coexistence of inactive, intermediate, and active states. Complete transition to the active conformation requires subsequent interaction with a G protein or an intracellular G protein mimetic. These studies demonstrate a loose allosteric coupling of the agonist-binding site and G-protein-coupling interface that may generally be responsible for the complex signaling behavior observed for many GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Manglik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christian Altenbach
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7008, USA
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7008, USA
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Lerch
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7008, USA
| | - Tong Sun Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Foon Sun Thian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wayne L Hubbell
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7008, USA
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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222
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Wnorowski A, Sadowska M, Paul RK, Singh NS, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Jimenez L, Abdelmohsen K, Toll L, Jozwiak K, Bernier M, Wainer IW. Activation of β2-adrenergic receptor by (R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol inhibits proliferation and motility of melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:997-1007. [PMID: 25703025 PMCID: PMC4361792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
(R,R')-4'-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol [(R,R')-MNF] is a highly-selective β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Incubation of a panel of human-derived melanoma cell lines with (R,R')-MNF resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of motility as assessed by in vitro wound healing and xCELLigence migration and invasion assays. Activity of (R,R')-MNF positively correlated with the β2-AR expression levels across tested cell lines. The anti-motility activity of (R,R')-MNF was inhibited by the β2-AR antagonist ICI-118,551 and the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 mimicked the ability of (R,R')-MNF to inhibit migration of melanoma cell lines in culture, highlighting the importance of cAMP for this phenomenon. (R,R')-MNF caused significant inhibition of cell growth in β2-AR-expressing cells as monitored by radiolabeled thymidine incorporation and xCELLigence system. The MEK/ERK cascade functions in cellular proliferation, and constitutive phosphorylation of MEK and ERK at their active sites was significantly reduced upon β2-AR activation with (R,R')-MNF. Protein synthesis was inhibited concomitantly both with increased eEF2 phosphorylation and lower expression of tumor cell regulators, EGF receptors, cyclin A and MMP-9. Taken together, these results identified β2-AR as a novel potential target for melanoma management, and (R,R')-MNF as an efficient trigger of anti-tumorigenic cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling in β2-AR-expressing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Rajib K Paul
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Jozwiak
- Department of Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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223
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Kooistra AJ, Leurs R, de Esch IJP, de Graaf C. Structure-Based Prediction of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Ligand Function: A β-Adrenoceptor Case Study. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1045-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Kooistra
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules,
Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules,
Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J. P. de Esch
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules,
Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules,
Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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224
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Vedel L, Bräuner-Osborne H, Mathiesen JM. A cAMP Biosensor-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay for Identification of Gs-Coupled GPCR Ligands and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:849-57. [PMID: 25851033 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115580019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger, and quantification of intracellular cAMP levels is essential in studies of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The intracellular cAMP levels are regulated by the adenylate cyclase (AC) upon activation of either Gs- or Gi-coupled GPCRs, which leads to increased or decreased cAMP levels, respectively. Here we describe a real-time Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for identification and characterization of Gs-coupled GPCR ligands and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in living cells. We used the β2-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) as a representative Gs-coupled receptor and characterized two cell lines with different expression levels. Low receptor expression allowed detection of desensitization kinetics and delineation of partial agonism, whereas high receptor expression resulted in prolonged signaling and enabled detection of weak partial agonists and/or ligands with low potency, which is highly advantageous in large HTS settings and hit identification. In addition, the assay enabled detection of β(2)AR inverse agonists and PDE inhibitors. High signal-to-noise ratios were also observed for the other representative Gs-coupled GPCRs tested, GLP-1R and GlucagonR. The FRET-based cAMP biosensor assay is robust, reproducible, and inexpensive with good Z factors and is highly applicable for HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Mosolff Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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West MA, Parry M, Asher R, Key A, Walker P, Loughney L, Pintus S, Duffy N, Jack S, Torella F. The Effect of beta-blockade on objectively measured physical fitness in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms--A blinded interventional study. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114:878-85. [PMID: 25716221 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative beta-blockade is widely used, especially before vascular surgery; however, its impact on exercise performance assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in this group is unknown. We hypothesized that beta-blocker therapy would significantly improve CPET-derived physical fitness in this group. METHODS We recruited patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) of <5.5 cm under surveillance. All patients underwent CPET on and off beta-blockers. Patients routinely prescribed beta-blockers underwent a first CPET on medication. Beta-blockers were stopped for one week before a second CPET. Patients not routinely taking beta-blockers underwent the first CPET off treatment, then performed a second CPET after commencement of bisoprolol for at least 48 h. Oxygen uptake (.VO2) at estimated lactate threshold and .VO2 at peak were primary outcome variables. A linear mixed-effects model was fitted to investigate any difference in adjusted CPET variables on and off beta-blockers. RESULTS Forty-eight patients completed the study. No difference was observed in .VO2 at estimated lactate threshold and .VO2 at peak; however, a significant decrease in .VE/.VCO2 at estimated lactate threshold and peak, an increase in workload at estimated lactate threshold., O2 pulse and heart rate both at estimated lactate threshold and peak was found with beta-blockers. Patients taking beta-blockers routinely (chronic group) had worse exercise performance (lower .VO2 ). CONCLUSIONS Beta blockade has a significant impact on CPET-derived exercise performance, albeit without changing .VO2 at estimated lactate threshold and.VO2 at peak. This supports performance of preoperative CPET on or off beta-blockers depending on local perioperative practice. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 02106286.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A West
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences and
| | - M Parry
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building
| | - R Asher
- Cancer Research UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit, Waterhouse Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Key
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building
| | - P Walker
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences and
| | - L Loughney
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, UK
| | - S Pintus
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building
| | - N Duffy
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building
| | - S Jack
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Respiratory Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences and Anaesthesia and Critical Care Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, UK
| | - F Torella
- Perioperative CPET Research Group, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building Liverpool Vascular & Endovascular Service, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences and
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Quantification of beta adrenergic receptor subtypes in beta-arrestin knockout mouse airways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116458. [PMID: 25658948 PMCID: PMC4319755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic asthma Beta 2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) are important mediators of bronchorelaxation and, paradoxically, asthma development. This contradiction is likely due to the activation of dual signaling pathways that are downstream of G proteins or β-arrestins. Our group has recently shown that β-arrestin-2 acts in its classical role to desensitize and constrain β2AR-induced relaxation of both human and murine airway smooth muscle. To assess the role of β-arrestins in regulating β2AR function in asthma, we and others have utilized β-arrestin-1 and -2 knockout mice. However, it is unknown if genetic deletion of β-arrestins in these mice influences β2AR expression in the airways. Furthermore, there is lack of data on compensatory expression of βAR subtypes when either of the β-arrestins is genetically deleted, thus necessitating a detailed βAR subtype expression study in these β-arrestin knockout mice. Here we standardized a radioligand binding methodology to characterize and quantitate βAR subtype distribution in the airway smooth muscle of wild-type C57BL/6J and β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2 knockout mice. Using complementary competition and single-point saturation binding assays we found that β2ARs predominate over β1ARs in the whole lung and epithelium-denuded tracheobronchial smooth muscle of C57BL/6J mice. Quantification of βAR subtypes in β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2 knockout mouse lung and epithelium-denuded tracheobronchial tissue showed that, similar to the C57BL/6J mice, both knockouts display a predominance of β2AR expression. These data provide further evidence that β2ARs are expressed in greater abundance than β1ARs in the tracheobronchial smooth muscle and that loss of either β-arrestin does not significantly affect the expression or relative proportions of βAR subtypes. As β-arrestins are known to modulate β2AR function, our analysis of βAR subtype expression in β-arrestin knockout mice airways sets a reference point for future studies exploiting these knockout mice in various disease models including asthma.
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227
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Filippi L, Dal Monte M, Casini G, Daniotti M, Sereni F, Bagnoli P. Infantile hemangiomas, retinopathy of prematurity and cancer: a common pathogenetic role of the β-adrenergic system. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:619-52. [PMID: 25523517 DOI: 10.1002/med.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The serendipitous demonstration that the nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist propranolol promotes the regression of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) aroused interest around the involvement of the β-adrenergic system in angiogenic processes. The efficacy of propranolol was related to the β2-AR blockade and the consequent inhibition of the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), suggesting the hypothesis that propranolol could also be effective in treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal pathology characterized by VEGF-induced neoangiogenesis. Consequent to the encouraging animal studies, a pilot clinical trial showed that oral propranolol protects newborns from ROP progression, even though this treatment is not sufficiently safe. Further, animal studies clarified the role of β3-ARs in the development of ROP and, together with several preclinical studies demonstrating the key role of the β-adrenergic system in tumor progression, vascularization, and metastasis, prompted us to also investigate the participation of β3-ARs in tumor growth. The aim of this review is to gather the recent findings on the role of the β-adrenergic system in IHs, ROP, and cancer, highlighting the fact that these different pathologies, triggered by different pathogenic noxae, share common pathogenic mechanisms characterized by the presence of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, which may be contrasted by targeting the β-adrenergic system. The mechanisms characterizing the pathogenesis of IHs, ROP, and cancer may also be active during the fetal-neonatal development, and a great contribution to the knowledge on the role of β-ARs in diseases characterized by chronic hypoxia may come from research focusing on the fetal and neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Surgical Fetal-Neonatal Department, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Fujito K, Takayanagi R, Kimura K, Yokoyama H, Yamada Y. Evaluation of clinical bradycardiac effect and respiratory adverse effect of β-blocking agents in coronary computed tomography angiography based on theoretical analysis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 41:157-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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229
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Longstanding complex regional pain syndrome is associated with activating autoantibodies against alpha-1a adrenoceptors. Pain 2014; 155:2408-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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230
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Weir MA, Dixon SN, Fleet JL, Roberts MA, Hackam DG, Oliver MJ, Suri RS, Quinn RR, Ozair S, Beyea MM, Kitchlu A, Garg AX. β-Blocker dialyzability and mortality in older patients receiving hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:987-96. [PMID: 25359874 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Some β-blockers are efficiently removed from the circulation by hemodialysis ("high dialyzability") whereas others are not ("low dialyzability"). This characteristic may influence the effectiveness of the β-blockers among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. To determine whether new use of a high-dialyzability β-blocker compared with a low-dialyzability β-blocker associates with a higher rate of mortality in patients older than age 66 years receiving long-term hemodialysis, we conducted a propensity-matched population-based retrospective cohort study using the linked healthcare databases of Ontario, Canada. The high-dialyzability group (n=3294) included patients initiating atenolol, acebutolol, or metoprolol. The low-dialyzability group (n=3294) included patients initiating bisoprolol or propranolol. Initiation of a high- versus low-dialyzability β-blocker was associated with a higher risk of death in the following 180 days (relative risk, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.8; P<0.01). Supporting this finding, we repeated the primary analysis in a cohort of patients not receiving hemodialysis and found no significant association between dialyzability and the risk of death (relative risk, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.3; P=0.71). β-Blocker exposure was not randomly allocated in this study, so a causal relationship between dialyzability and mortality cannot be determined. However, our findings should raise awareness of this potentially important drug characteristic and prompt further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Weir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Stephanie N Dixon
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie L Fleet
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew A Roberts
- Department of Renal Medicine, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Hackam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Oliver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S Suri
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Robert R Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sundus Ozair
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael M Beyea
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abhijat Kitchlu
- Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit X Garg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
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231
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Baker JG, Proudman RGW, Hill SJ. Salmeterol's extreme β2 selectivity is due to residues in both extracellular loops and transmembrane domains. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:103-20. [PMID: 25324048 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist, widely used as an inhaled treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has very high β2-affinity (log KD -8.95) and is very selective for the β2-adrenoceptor (1000-fold selectivity over the β1-adrenoceptor). This study used a mutagenesis approach to determine the exact amino acids in the human β2-adrenoceptor responsible for this very high selectivity. Wild-type β2- and β1-adrenoceptors, chimeric β2/β1-adrenoceptors, and receptors with single-point mutations were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, and affinity and function were studied using [(3)H]CGP 12177 [(-)-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazol-2-one] whole-cell binding and [(3)H]cAMP accumulation. Extracellular loop 3 (and specifically amino acid K305) had the largest single effect by reducing salmeterol's affinity for the β2-adrenoceptor by 31-fold. H296 in transmembrane 6 also had a major effect (18-fold reduction in salmeterol affinity). Combining these, in the double mutant β2-H296K-K305D, reduced salmeterol's affinity by 275-fold, to within 4-fold of that of the β1-adrenoceptor, without affecting the affinity or selectivity of other β2-agonists (salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol, clenbuterol, or adrenaline). Another important amino acid was Y308 in transmembrane 7, although this also affected the affinity and selectivity of other agonists. F194 in extracellular loop 2 and R304 in extracellular loop 3 also had minor effects. None of these mutations (including the double mutant β2-H296K-K305D) affected the efficacy or duration of action of salmeterol. This suggests that the high affinity and selectivity of salmeterol are due to specific amino acids within the receptor itself, but that the duration of action is at least in part due to other factors, for example lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Baker
- Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G W Proudman
- Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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232
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Flacco N, Segura V, Perez-Aso M, Estrada S, Seller JF, Jiménez-Altayó F, Noguera MA, D'Ocon P, Vila E, Ivorra MD. Different β-adrenoceptor subtypes coupling to cAMP or NO/cGMP pathways: implications in the relaxant response of rat conductance and resistance vessels. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:413-25. [PMID: 23373597 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To analyse the relative contribution of β1 -, β2 - and β3 -adrenoceptors (Adrb) to vasodilatation in conductance and resistance vessels, assessing the role of cAMP and/or NO/cGMP signalling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) and aorta were used to analyse the Adrb expression by real-time-PCR and immunohistochemistry, and for the pharmacological characterization of Adrb-mediated activity by wire myography and tissue nucleotide accumulation. KEY RESULTS The mRNAs and protein for all Adrb were identified in endothelium and/or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in both vessels. In MRA, Adrb1 signalled through cAMP, Adrb3 through both cAMP and cGMP, but Adrb2, did not activate nucleotide formation; isoprenaline relaxation was inhibited by propranolol (β1 , β2 ), CGP20712A (β1 ), and SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), but not by ICI118,551 (β2 ), SR59230A (β3 ), ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), L-NAME or endothelium removal. In aorta, Adrb1 signalled through cAMP, while β2 - and β3 -subtypes through cGMP; isoprenaline relaxation was inhibited by propranolol, ICI118,551, ODQ, L-NAME, and to a lesser extent, by endothelium removal. CL316243 (β3 -agonist) relaxed aorta, but not MRA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Despite all three Adrb subtypes being found in both vessels, Adrb1, located in SMCs and acting through the adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway, are primarily responsible for vasodilatation in MRA. However, Adrb-mediated vasodilatation in aorta is driven by endothelial Adrb2 and Adrb3, but also by the Adrb2 present in SMCs, and is coupled to the NO/cGMP pathway. These results could help to understand the different physiological roles played by Adrb signalling in regulating conductance and resistance vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Flacco
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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233
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Perioperative Care of Patients at High Risk for Stroke during or after Non-Cardiac, Non-Neurologic Surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2014; 26:273-85. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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234
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Bai Q, Shao Y, Pan D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yao X. Search for β2 adrenergic receptor ligands by virtual screening via grid computing and investigation of binding modes by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107837. [PMID: 25229694 PMCID: PMC4168136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a program called MolGridCal that can be used to screen small molecule database in grid computing on basis of JPPF grid environment. Based on MolGridCal program, we proposed an integrated strategy for virtual screening and binding mode investigation by combining molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations. To test the effectiveness of MolGridCal, we screened potential ligands for β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) from a database containing 50,000 small molecules. MolGridCal can not only send tasks to the grid server automatically, but also can distribute tasks using the screensaver function. As for the results of virtual screening, the known agonist BI-167107 of β2AR is ranked among the top 2% of the screened candidates, indicating MolGridCal program can give reasonable results. To further study the binding mode and refine the results of MolGridCal, more accurate docking and scoring methods are used to estimate the binding affinity for the top three molecules (agonist BI-167107, neutral antagonist alprenolol and inverse agonist ICI 118,551). The results indicate agonist BI-167107 has the best binding affinity. MD simulation and free energy calculation are employed to investigate the dynamic interaction mechanism between the ligands and β2AR. The results show that the agonist BI-167107 also has the lowest binding free energy. This study can provide a new way to perform virtual screening effectively through integrating molecular docking based on grid computing, MD simulations and free energy calculations. The source codes of MolGridCal are freely available at http://molgridcal.codeplex.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dabo Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
- * E-mail:
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235
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Vranjkovic O, Gasser PJ, Gerndt CH, Baker DA, Mantsch JR. Stress-induced cocaine seeking requires a beta-2 adrenergic receptor-regulated pathway from the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis that regulates CRF actions in the ventral tegmental area. J Neurosci 2014; 34:12504-14. [PMID: 25209288 PMCID: PMC4160780 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0680-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) has been implicated in stress-induced cocaine use. Here we demonstrate that, in the vBNST, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is expressed in neurons that innervate the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a site where the CRF receptor antagonist antalarmin prevents the reinstatement of cocaine seeking by a stressor, intermittent footshock, following intravenous self-administration in rats. The vBNST receives dense noradrenergic innervation and expresses β adrenergic receptors (ARs). Footshock-induced reinstatement was prevented by bilateral intra-vBNST injection of the β-2 AR antagonist, ICI-118,551, but not the β-1 AR antagonist, betaxolol. Moreover, bilateral intra-vBNST injection of the β-2 AR agonist, clenbuterol, but not the β-1 agonist, dobutamine, reinstated cocaine seeking, suggesting that activation of vBNST β-2 AR is both necessary for stress-induced reinstatement and sufficient to induce cocaine seeking. The contribution of a β-2 AR-regulated vBNST-to-VTA pathway that releases CRF was investigated using a disconnection approach. Injection of ICI-118,551 into the vBNST in one hemisphere and antalarmin into the VTA of the contralateral hemisphere prevented footshock-induced reinstatement, whereas ipsilateral manipulations failed to attenuate stress-induced cocaine seeking, suggesting that β-2 AR regulate vBNST efferents that release CRF into the VTA, activating CRF receptors, and promoting cocaine use. Last, reinstatement by clenbuterol delivered bilaterally into the vBNST was prevented by bilateral vBNST pretreatment with antalarmin, indicating that β-2 AR-mediated actions in the vBNST also require local CRF receptor activation. Understanding the processes through which stress induces cocaine seeking should guide the development of new treatments for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vranjkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Paul J Gasser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Clayton H Gerndt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - John R Mantsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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236
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Fretwell LV, Woolard J. Cardiovascular responses to retigabine in conscious rats--under normotensive and hypertensive conditions. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1279-89. [PMID: 23581476 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Retigabine is a recently approved antiepileptic agent which activates Kv7.2-7.5 potassium channels. It is emerging that these channels have an important role in vascular regulation, but the vascular effects of retigabine in the conscious state are unknown. Hence, in the present study we assessed the regional haemodynamic responses to retigabine in conscious rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Sprague Dawley rats were chronically instrumented with pulsed Doppler flow probes to measure regional haemodynamic responses to retigabine under control conditions and during acute hypertension induced by infusion of angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin. Further experiments were performed, using the β-adrenoceptor antagonists CGP 20712A, ICI 118551 and propranolol, to elucidate the roles of β-adrenoceptors in the responses to retigabine in vivo and in vitro. KEY RESULTS Under normotensive conditions, retigabine induced dose-dependent hypotension and hindquarters vasodilatation, with small, transient renal and mesenteric vasodilatations. In the acutely hypertensive state, the renal and mesenteric, but not hindquarters, vasodilatations were enhanced. The response of the hindquarters vascular bed to retigabine was mediated, in part, by β₂-adrenoceptors. However, in vitro experiments confirmed that retigabine did not act as a β-adrenoceptor agonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that retigabine causes regionally specific vasodilatations, which are different under normotensive and hypertensive conditions, and are, in part, mediated by β₂-adrenoceptors in some vascular beds but not in others. These results broadly support previous findings and further indicate that Kv7 channels are a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular diseases associated with inappropriate vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Fretwell
- Institute of Cell Signalling, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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237
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Wrobel LJ, Le Gal FA. Inhibition of human melanoma growth by a non-cardioselective β-blocker. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:525-531. [PMID: 25178102 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, retrospective studies provided conflicting results on the benefit of β-adrenoceptor-blockers (β-blockers) on melanoma progression. Most of these studies did not define the β-blocker used, making it difficult to understand the source of discrepancies between results. Therefore, we investigated the effect of non-cardioselective and cardioselective β-blockers on melanoma progression at the cellular, molecular, and tumor levels. Here we show that the non-cardioselective β-blocker propranolol hydrochloride (propranolol) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in primary cell cultures derived from a primary and a metastasis of human melanoma and in melanoma cell lines. In contrast, the cardioselective β-blocker metoprolol tartrate hardly affects melanoma cell survival or proliferation. We further highlight that a daily treatment with propranolol slows down tumor development in immunodeficient mice transplanted with human melanoma cells. RNA microarrays, quantitative PCR, and histochemistry analyses showed that propranolol regulates the expression of different genes involved in tumor angiogenesis, cell death, or proliferation. Thus, our results suggest that non-cardioselective β-blockers affect melanoma progression, and bring first clues about the pathways involved in this antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic J Wrobel
- Department of Internal Medicine-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Frederique Anne Le Gal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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238
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Inhibition of cardiac two-pore-domain K+ (K2P) channels – an emerging antiarrhythmic concept. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:250-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Moreira-Rodrigues M, Graça AL, Ferreira M, Afonso J, Serrão P, Morato M, Ferreirinha F, Correia-de-Sá P, Ebert SN, Moura D. Attenuated aortic vasodilation and sympathetic prejunctional facilitation in epinephrine-deficient mice: selective impairment of β2-adrenoceptor responses. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:243-9. [PMID: 25161169 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.217281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that there is a link between epinephrine synthesis and the development of β2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects, but it remains to be determined whether this development is triggered by epinephrine. The aim of this study was to characterize β-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation and facilitation of norepinephrine release in the aorta of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-knockout (Pnmt-KO) mice. Catecholamines were quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Aortic rings were mounted in a myograph to determine concentration-response curves to selective β1- or β2-adrenoceptor agonists in the absence or presence of selective β1- or β2-adrenoceptor antagonists. Aortic rings were also preincubated with [(3)H]norepinephrine to measure tritium overflow elicited by electrical stimulation in the presence of increasing concentrations of nonselective β- or selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists. β2-Adrenoceptor protein density was evaluated by Western blotting and β2-adrenoceptor localization by immunohistochemistry. Epinephrine is absent in Pnmt-KO mice. The potency and the maximal effect of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline were lower in Pnmt-KO than in wild-type (WT) mice. The selective β2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 [(±)-erythro-(S*,S*)-1-[2,3-(dihydro-7-methyl-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy]-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-butanol hydrochloride] antagonized the relaxation caused by terbutaline in WT but not in Pnmt-KO mice. Isoproterenol and terbutaline induced concentration-dependent increases in tritium overflow in WT mice only. β2-Adrenoceptor protein density was decreased in membrane aorta homogenates of Pnmt-KO mice, and this finding was supported by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In conclusion, epinephrine is crucial for β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation and facilitation of norepinephrine release. In the absence of epinephrine, β2-adrenoceptor protein density was decreased in aorta cell membranes, thus potentially hindering its functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Moreira-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.).
| | - Ana L Graça
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Marlene Ferreira
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.).
| | - Joana Afonso
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Paula Serrão
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Steven N Ebert
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
| | - Daniel Moura
- Laboratory of General Physiology (M.M.-R.) and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology (F.F., P.C.), Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., D.M.); Neuropharmacology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto (M.M., D.M.); Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (M.M.-R., A.L.G., M.F., J.A., P.S., M.M., F.F., P.C., D.M.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto and Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Porto, Portugal (M.M.); and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.N.E.)
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240
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What is pharmacological 'affinity'? Relevance to biased agonism and antagonism. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:434-41. [PMID: 25042457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The differences between affinity measurements made in binding studies and those relevant to receptor function are described. There are theoretical and practical reasons for not utilizing binding data and, in terms of the quantification of signaling bias, it is unnecessary to do so. Finally, the allosteric control of ligand affinity through receptor-signaling protein interaction is discussed within the context of biased antagonism. In this regard, it is shown that both the bias and relative efficacy of a ligand are essential data for fully predicting biased effects in vivo.
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241
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Kämpfer N, Lamyel F, Schütz I, Warnken M, Hoffmann K, von Kügelgen I, Racké K. Dual regulation of β2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA expression in human lung fibroblasts by β2-cAMP signaling; delayed upregulated inhibitors oppose a rapid in onset, direct stimulation of gene expression. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 387:649-57. [PMID: 24705868 PMCID: PMC4065340 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on their bronchodilatory effect, β2-adrenoceptor agonists constitute essential elements in the treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD. As treatment with β2-adrenoceptor agonists has been associated with worsening of airway hyper-reactivity, possibly because of loss of β-adrenoceptor function, molecular mechanism of the regulation of β2-adrenoceptor expression were studied. MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were cultured in absence or presence of test substances followed by β2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA (mRNA) determination by qPCR. After inhibition of mRNA synthesis by actinomycin D, β2-adrenoceptor mRNA decreased with a half-life of 23 min, whereas inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide caused an about 5- and 6-fold increase within 1.5 and 4 h, respectively. β2-Adrenoceptor mRNA was increased by about 100 % after 1 h exposure to formoterol or olodaterol but decreased by about 60 % after 4 h agonist exposure. Both effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists were mimicked by forskolin, a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase and cholera toxin, which stimulates adenylyl cyclase by permanent activation of Gs. β2-Adrenoceptor agonist-induced upregulation of β2-adrenoceptor mRNA was blocked by the β2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118551 and prevented by actinomycin D, but not by cycloheximide. Moreover, in presence of cycloheximide, β2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced reduction in β2-adrenoceptor mRNA was converted into stimulation, resulting in a more than 10-fold increase. In conclusion, expression of β2-adrenoceptors in human lung fibroblasts is highly regulated at transcriptional level. The β2-adrenoceptor gene is under strong inhibitory control of short-living suppressor proteins. β2-Adrenoceptor activation induces via adenylyl cyclase - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling a rapid in onset direct stimulation of the β2-adrenoceptor gene transcription, an effect opposed by a delayed upregulation of inhibitory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kämpfer
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Lamyel
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Warnken
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. von Kügelgen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kurt Racké
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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242
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Prey S, Leaute-Labreze C, Pain C, Moisan F, Vergnes P, Loot M, Taieb A, Cario-Andre M. Mast cells as possible targets of propranolol therapy: an immunohistological study of beta-adrenergic receptors in infantile haemangiomas. Histopathology 2014; 65:436-9. [PMID: 24666350 DOI: 10.1111/his.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sorilla Prey
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U 1035, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, Bordeaux, France
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243
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Cernecka H, Sand C, Michel MC. The odd sibling: features of β3-adrenoceptor pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:479-84. [PMID: 24890609 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β3-Adrenoceptor agonists have recently been introduced for the treatment of overactive urinary bladder syndrome. Their target, the β3-adrenoceptor, was discovered much later than β1- and β2-adrenoceptors and exhibits unique properties which make extrapolation of findings from the other two subtypes difficult and the β3-adrenoceptor a less-understood subtype. This article discusses three aspects of β3-adrenoceptor pharmacology. First, the ligand-recognition profile of β3-adrenoceptors differs considerably from that of the other two subtypes, i.e., many antagonists considered as nonselective actually are β3-sparing, including propranolol or nadolol. Many agonists and antagonists classically considered as being β3-selective actually are not, including BRL 37,344 ((±)-(R*,R*)-[4-[2-[[2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]phenoxy] acetic acid sodium hydrate) or SR 59,230 (3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino]-(2S)-2-propanol oxalate). Moreover, the binding pocket apparently differs between the human and rodent β3-adrenoceptor, yielding considerable species differences in potency. Second, the expression pattern of β3-adrenoceptors is more restricted than that of other subtypes, particularly in humans; this makes extrapolation of rodent findings to the human situation difficult, but it may result in a smaller potential for side effects. The role of β3-adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms has insufficiently been explored and may differ even between primate species. Third, β3-adrenoceptors lack the phosphorylation sites involved in agonist-induced desensitization of the other two subtypes. Thus, they exhibit downregulation and/or desensitization in some, but not other, cell types and tissues. When desensitization occurs, it most often is at the level of mRNA or signaling molecule expression. All three of these factors have implications for future studies to better understand the β3-adrenoceptor as a novel pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cernecka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (H.C.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.C.M.)
| | - Carsten Sand
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (H.C.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.C.M.)
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (H.C.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (C.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany (M.C.M.)
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244
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Morales DR, Jackson C, Lipworth BJ, Donnan PT, Guthrie B. Adverse respiratory effect of acute β-blocker exposure in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest 2014; 145:779-786. [PMID: 24202435 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Blockers are avoided in asthma over concerns regarding acute bronchoconstriction. Risk is greatest following acute exposure, including the potential for antagonism of β2-agonist rescue therapy. METHODS A systematic review of databases was performed to identify all randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating acute β-blocker exposure in asthma. Effect estimates for changes in respiratory function, symptoms, and β2-agonist response were pooled using random effects meta-analysis with heterogeneity investigated. RESULTS Acute selective β-blockers in the doses given caused a mean change in FEV1 of −6.9% (95% CI, −8.5 to −5.2), a fall in FEV1 of ≥20% in one in eight patients (P=.03), symptoms affecting one in 33 patients (P=.18), and attenuation of concomitant β2-agonist response of −10.2% (95% CI, −14.0 to −6.4). Corresponding values for acute nonselective β-blockers in the doses given were −10.2% (95% CI, −14.7 to −5.6), one in nine patients (P=.02), one in 13 patients (P=.14), and −20.0% (95% CI, −29.4 to −10.7). Following investigation of heterogeneity, clear differences were found for celiprolol and labetalol. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated for selective β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS Selective β-blockers are better tolerated but not completely risk-free. Risk from acute exposure may be mitigated using the smallest dose possible and β-blockers with greater β1-selectivity. β-Blocker-induced bronchospasm responded partially to β2-agonists in the doses given with response blunted more by nonselective β-blockers than selective β-blockers. Use of β-blockers in asthma could possibly be based upon a risk assessment on an individual patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Morales
- Quality, Safety, and Informatics Group, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee.
| | - Cathy Jackson
- Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - Brian J Lipworth
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee
| | - Peter T Donnan
- Dundee Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee
| | - Bruce Guthrie
- Quality, Safety, and Informatics Group, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee
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245
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Ferrie AM, Wang C, Deng H, Fang Y. A label-free optical biosensor with microfluidics identifies an intracellular signalling wave mediated through the β(2)-adrenergic receptor. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 5:1253-61. [PMID: 23989552 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The canonical model of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling states that it is solely initiated at the cell surface. In recent years, a handful of evidence has started emerging from high-resolution molecular assays that the internalized receptors can mediate the third wave of signalling, besides G protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signalling both initiating at the cell surface. However, little is known about the functional consequences of distinct waves of GPCR signalling, in particular, at the whole cell system level. We here report the development of label-free biosensor antagonist reverse assays and their use to differentiate the signalling waves of an endogenous β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in A431 cells. Results showed that the persistent agonist treatment activated the β2-ARs, leading to a long-term sustained dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) signal, a whole cell phenotypic response. Under the persistent treatment scheme in microplates, a panel of known β-blockers all dose-dependently and completely reversed the DMR signal of epinephrine at a relatively low dose (10 nM), except for sotalol which partially reversed the DMR. Under the perfusion conditions with microfluidics, the subsequent perfusion with sotalol only reversed the DMR induced by epinephrine or isoproterenol at 10 nM, but not at 10 μM. Furthermore, the degree of the DMR reversion by sotalol was found to be in an opposite relation with the duration of the initial agonist treatment. Together, these results suggest that the hydrophilic antagonist sotalol is constrained outside the cells throughout the assays, and the early signalling wave initiated at the cell surface dominates the DMR induced by epinephrine or isoproterenol at relatively low doses, while a secondary and late signalling wave is initiated once the receptors are internalized and contributes partially to the long-term sustainability of the DMR of epinephrine or isoproterenol at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Ferrie
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA.
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246
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Messina Baas O, Pacheco Cuellar G, Toral-López J, Lara Huerta SF, Gonzalez-Huerta LM, Urueta-Cuellar H, Rivera-Vega MR, Babayan-Mena I, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. ADRB1andADBR2Gene Polymorphisms and the Ocular Hypotensive Response to Topical Betaxolol in Healthy Mexican Subjects. Curr Eye Res 2014; 39:1076-80. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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247
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Karabal PU, Kamble DA, Sudalai A. Co(III)(salen)-catalyzed phenolic kinetic resolution of two stereocentered benzyloxy and azido epoxides: its application in the synthesis of ICI-118,551, an anti-hypertensive agent. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2349-55. [PMID: 24599150 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The salen Co(III)-catalyzed phenolic kinetic resolution of racemic anti- or syn-azido and benzyloxy epoxides provides a practical route to a range of enantioenriched anti- or syn-1-aryloxy-3-azido or benzyloxy-2-alcohols in excellent yields and ees. The synthetic potential of this protocol is illustrated with an enantioselective synthesis of ICI-118,551, a β-blocker, in a highly optically pure form (99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha U Karabal
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.
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248
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Gao S, Malbon C, Wang HY. Probing the stoichiometry of β2-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation by targeted mass spectrometry. J Mol Signal 2014; 9:3. [PMID: 24690384 PMCID: PMC4022239 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is central to the myriad of functions that these ubiquitous receptors perform in biology. Although readily addressable with the use of phospho-specific antibodies, analysis phosphorylation at the level of stoichiometry requires receptor isolation and advanced proteomics. We chose two key sites of potential phosphorylation of human beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR residues S355 and S356) to ascertain the feasibility of applying targeted mass spectrometry to establishing the stoichiometry of the phosphorylation. Method We stimulated HEK293 cells stably expressing Flag-tagged β2AR-eGFP with 10 μM beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) and made use of proteomics and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify the molar ration of phosphorylation on S355 and S356 versus non-phosphorylated receptor in agonist-treated cells. Results Phosphorylation of either S355 or S356 residue occurred only for agonist-occupied β2AR. The results demonstrated that pS356 is the dominant site of protein phosphorylation. The abundance of the p356 was 8.6-fold more than that of pS355. Calculation of the molar ratio of phosphorylated (pS355 plus pS356) versus non-phosphorylated receptor reveals that at high occupancy of the receptor only 12.4% of the β2AR is phosphorylated at these sites. Conclusions Application of advanced proteomics and use of the most sensitive targeted MS strategy makes possible the detection and quantification of phosphorylation of very low abundance peptide digests of β2AR. Establishing the stoichiometry of two key sites of agonist-stimulated phosphorylation with β2AR is an essential first-step to global analysis of the stoichiometry of GPCR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA.
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Perioperative landiolol administration reduces atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Ther 2014; 31:440-50. [PMID: 24756366 PMCID: PMC4003343 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-014-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. Patients who develop POAF have a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit and hospital and an increased risk of postoperative stroke. Many guidelines for the management of cardiac surgery patients, therefore, recommend perioperative administration of beta-blockers to prevent and treat POAF. Landiolol is an ultra-short acting beta-blocker, and some randomized controlled trials of landiolol administration for the prevention of POAF have been conducted in Japan. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of landiolol administration for the prevention of POAF after cardiac surgery. Methods The Medline/PubMed and BioMed Central databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing cardiac surgery patients who received perioperative landiolol with a control group (saline administration, no drug administration, or other treatment). Two independent reviewers selected the studies for inclusion. Data regarding POAF and safety outcomes were extracted. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method (fixed effects model). Results Six trials with a total of 560 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Landiolol administration significantly reduced the incidence of POAF after cardiac surgery (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.17–0.40). The effectiveness of landiolol administration was similar in three groups: all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.43), patients who underwent CABG compared with a control group who received saline or nothing (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.17–0.45), and all patients who underwent cardiac surgery compared with a control group who received saline or nothing (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.42). Only two adverse events associated with landiolol administration were observed (2/302, 0.7%): hypotension in one patient and asthma in one patient. Conclusion Landiolol administration reduces the incidence of POAF after cardiac surgery and is well tolerated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-014-0116-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Molenaar P, Christ T, Berk E, Engel A, Gillette KT, Galindo-Tovar A, Ravens U, Kaumann AJ. Carvedilol induces greater control of β2- than β 1-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic and lusitropic effects by PDE3, while PDE4 has no effect in human failing myocardium. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:629-40. [PMID: 24668024 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The β-blockers carvedilol and metoprolol provide important therapeutic strategies for heart failure treatment. Therapy with metoprolol facilitates the control by phosphodiesterase PDE3, but not PDE4, of inotropic effects of catecholamines in human failing ventricle. However, it is not known whether carvedilol has the same effect. We investigated whether the PDE3-selective inhibitor cilostamide (0.3 μM) or PDE4-selective inhibitor rolipram (1 μM) modified the positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of catecholamines in ventricular myocardium of heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Right ventricular trabeculae from explanted hearts of nine carvedilol-treated patients with terminal heart failure were paced to contract at 1 Hz. The effects of (-)-noradrenaline, mediated through β1-adrenoceptors (β2-adrenoceptors blocked with ICI118551), and (-)-adrenaline, mediated through β2-adrenoceptors (β1-adrenoceptors blocked with CGP20712A), were assessed in the absence and presence of the PDE inhibitors. The inotropic potency, estimated from -logEC50s, was unchanged for (-)-noradrenaline but decreased 16-fold for (-)-adrenaline in carvedilol-treated compared to non-β-blocker-treated patients, consistent with the previously reported β2-adrenoceptor-selectivity of carvedilol. Cilostamide caused 2- to 3-fold and 10- to 35-fold potentiations of the inotropic and lusitropic effects of (-)-noradrenaline and (-)-adrenaline, respectively, in trabeculae from carvedilol-treated patients. Rolipram did not affect the inotropic and lusitropic potencies of (-)-noradrenaline or (-)-adrenaline. Treatment of heart failure patients with carvedilol induces PDE3 to selectively control the positive inotropic and lusitropic effects mediated through ventricular β2-adrenoceptors compared to β1-adrenoceptors. The β2-adrenoceptor-selectivity of carvedilol may provide protection against β2-adrenoceptor-mediated ventricular overstimulation in PDE3 inhibitor-treated patients. PDE4 does not control β1- and β2-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic and lusitropic effects in carvedilol-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, QUT, Brisbane; School of Medicine, University of Queensland and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia,
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