201
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Yang Y, Han F, Ouyang J, Zhao Y, Han J, Na N. In-situ nanoelectrospray for high-throughput screening of enzymes and real-time monitoring of reactions. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 902:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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202
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Hartmanová L, Lorencová I, Volný M, Fryčák P, Havlíček V, Chmelíčková H, Ingr T, Lemr K. Lateral resolution of desorption nanoelectrospray: a nanospray tip without nebulizing gas as a source of primary charged droplets. Analyst 2016; 141:2150-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02665b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoelectrospray directed at the surface (desorption nanoelectrospray) coupled with a high resolution mass spectrometer represents a new tool for mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Hartmanová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - I. Lorencová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - M. Volný
- Applied Physics Laboratory
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - P. Fryčák
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - V. Havlíček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - H. Chmelíčková
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics ASCR
- 772 07 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - T. Ingr
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - K. Lemr
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University in Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
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203
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Cardoso-Palacios C, Lanekoff I. Direct Analysis of Pharmaceutical Drugs Using Nano-DESI MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3591908. [PMID: 27766177 PMCID: PMC5059531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3591908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs imply an increasing threat to the global public health. It is necessary to have systems to control the products that reach the market and to detect falsified medicines. In this work, molecules in several pharmaceutical tablets were directly analyzed using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI MS). Nano-DESI is an ambient surface sampling technique which enables sampling of molecules directly from the surface of the tablets without any sample pretreatment. Both the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and some excipients were detected in all analyzed tablets. Principal component analysis was used to analyze mass spectral features from different tablets showing strong clustering between tablets with different APIs. The obtained results suggest nano-DESI MS as future tool for forensic analysis to discern APIs present in unknown tablet samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Ingela Lanekoff:
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204
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Rao W, Pan N, Tian X, Yang Z. High-Resolution Ambient MS Imaging of Negative Ions in Positive Ion Mode: Using Dicationic Reagents with the Single-Probe. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:124-134. [PMID: 26489411 PMCID: PMC4924531 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have used the Single-probe, a miniaturized sampling device utilizing in-situ surface microextraction for ambient mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, for the high resolution MS imaging (MSI) of negatively charged species in the positive ionization mode. Two dicationic compounds, 1,5-pentanediyl-bis(1-butylpyrrolidinium) difluoride [C5(bpyr)2F2] and 1,3-propanediyl-bis(tripropylphosphonium) difluoride [C3(triprp)2F2], were added into the sampling solvent to form 1+ charged adducts with the negatively charged species extracted from tissues. We were able to detect 526 and 322 negatively charged species this way using [C5(bpyr)2F2] and [C3(triprp)2F2], respectively, including oleic acid, arachidonic acid, and several species of phosphatidic acid, phosphoethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and others. In conjunction with the identification of the non-adduct cations, we have tentatively identified a total number of 1200 and 828 metabolites from mouse brain sections using [C5(bpyr)2F2] and [C3(triprp)2F2], respectively, through high mass accuracy measurements (mass error <5 ppm); MS/MS analyses were also performed to verify the identity of selected species. In addition to the high mass accuracy measurement, we were able to generate high spatial resolution (~17 μm) MS images of mouse brain sections. Our study demonstrated that utilization of dicationic compounds in the surface microextraction with the Single-probe device can perform high mass and spatial resolution ambient MSI measurements of broader types of compounds in tissues. Other reagents can be potentially used with the Single-probe device for a variety of reactive MSI studies to enable the analysis of species that are previously intractable.
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205
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Dutkiewicz EP, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Micropatch-arrayed pads for non-invasive spatial and temporal profiling of topical drugs on skin surface. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1321-1325. [PMID: 26505778 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Micropatch-arrayed pads (MAPAs) are presented as a facile and sensitive sampling method for spatial profiling of topical agents adsorbed on the surface of skin. MAPAs are 28 × 28 mm sized pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene containing plurality of cavities filled with agarose hydrogel. They are affixed onto skin for 10 min with the purpose to collect drugs applied topically. Polar compounds are absorbed by the hydrogel micropatches. The probes are subsequently scanned by an automated nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system operated in the tapping dual-polarity mode. When the liquid junction gets into contact with every micropatch, polar compounds absorbed in the hydrogel matrix are desorbed and transferred to the ion source. A 3D-printed interface prevents evaporation of hydrogel micropatches assuring good reproducibility and sensitivity. MAPAs have been applied to follow dispersion of topical drugs applied to human skin in vivo and to porcine skin ex vivo, in the form of self-adhesive patches. Spatiotemporal characteristics of the drug dispersion process have been revealed using this non-invasive test. Differences between drug dispersion in vivo and ex vivo could be observed. We envision that MAPAs can be used to investigate spatiotemporal kinetics of various topical agents utilized in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina P Dutkiewicz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, 25 Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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206
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Ren Y, Chiang S, Zhang W, Wang X, Lin Z, Ouyang Z. Paper-capillary spray for direct mass spectrometry analysis of biofluid samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1385-90. [PMID: 26521181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paper spray has been developed as an ambient ionization method for direct analysis of biological samples using mass spectrometry. While distinct advantages of paper spray have been demonstrated, especially for quantitative analysis and design of disposable sample cartridges, the need for improvement has also been recognized, especially for the use with miniature mass spectrometers. In this study, we made an improvement to the sampling and ionization by adding a capillary emitter to the paper substrate to produce a paper-capillary spray, which has been shown to have significant, positive impact on the sensitivity and reproducibility for direct mass spectrometry analysis. The paper-capillary devices were fabricated and the effects of the geometry, the treatment of the capillary emitters, as well as the sample disposition methods were characterized. The method's analytical performance was also characterized for analysis of therapeutic drugs in blood samples. Quantitation of cotinine in blood using a commercial triple quadrupole and sitagliptin (Januvia®) in blood using a desktop Mini 12 ion trap mass spectrometer was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Spencer Chiang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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207
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Van Berkel GJ, Kertesz V. An open port sampling interface for liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1749-1756. [PMID: 26331924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A simple method to introduce unprocessed samples into a solvent for rapid characterization by liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry has been lacking. The continuous flow, self-cleaning open port sampling interface introduced here fills this void. METHODS The open port sampling interface used a vertically aligned, co-axial tube arrangement enabling solvent delivery to the sampling end of the device through the tubing annulus and solvent aspiration down the center tube and into the ionization source of the mass spectrometer via the commercial APCI emitter probe. The solvent delivery rate to the interface was set to exceed the aspiration rate, creating a continuous sampling interface along with a constant, self-cleaning spillover of solvent from the top of the probe. RESULTS Using the open port sampling interface with positive ion mode APCI and a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer, rapid, direct sampling and analysis possibilities are exemplified with plastics, ballpoint and felt tip ink pens, skin, and vegetable oils. These results demonstrated that the open port sampling interface could be used as a simple, versatile and self-cleaning system to rapidly introduce multiple types of unprocessed, sometimes highly concentrated and complex, samples into a solvent flow stream for subsequent ionization and analysis by mass spectrometry. The basic setup presented here could be incorporated with any self-aspirating liquid introduction ionization source (e.g., ESI, APCI, APPI, ICP, etc.) or any type of atmospheric pressure sampling-ready mass spectrometer system. CONCLUSIONS The open port sampling interface provides a means to introduce and quickly analyze unprocessed solid or liquid samples with the liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization source without fear of sampling interface or ionization source contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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208
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Boughton BA, Thinagaran D, Sarabia D, Bacic A, Roessner U. Mass spectrometry imaging for plant biology: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2015; 15:445-488. [PMID: 27340381 PMCID: PMC4870303 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-015-9440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a developing technique to measure the spatio-temporal distribution of many biomolecules in tissues. Over the preceding decade, MSI has been adopted by plant biologists and applied in a broad range of areas, including primary metabolism, natural products, plant defense, plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress, plant lipids and the developing field of spatial metabolomics. This review covers recent advances in plant-based MSI, general aspects of instrumentation, analytical approaches, sample preparation and the current trends in respective plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin A. Boughton
- />Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Dinaiz Thinagaran
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Daniel Sarabia
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- />ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- />School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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209
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Sumner LW, Lei Z, Nikolau BJ, Saito K. Modern plant metabolomics: advanced natural product gene discoveries, improved technologies, and future prospects. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:212-29. [PMID: 25342293 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics has matured and modern plant metabolomics has accelerated gene discoveries and the elucidation of a variety of plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. This review covers the approximate period of 2000 to 2014, and highlights specific examples of the discovery and characterization of novel genes and enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of natural products such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Additional examples of the integration of metabolomics with genome-based functional characterizations of plant natural products that are important to modern pharmaceutical technology are also reviewed. This article also provides a substantial review of recent technical advances in mass spectrometry imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, integrated LC-MS-SPE-NMR for metabolite identifications, and X-ray crystallography of microgram quantities for structural determinations. The review closes with a discussion on the future prospects of metabolomics related to crop species and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W Sumner
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA.
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210
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Hsieh KT, Liu PH, Urban PL. Automated on-line liquid–liquid extraction system for temporal mass spectrometric analysis of dynamic samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 894:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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211
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Sica V, Raja HA, El-Elimat T, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Dereplicating and Spatial Mapping of Secondary Metabolites from Fungal Cultures in Situ. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1926-36. [PMID: 26192135 PMCID: PMC4570219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques have recently become prevalent in natural product research due to their ability to examine secondary metabolites in situ. These techniques retain invaluable spatial and temporal details that are lost through traditional extraction processes. However, most ambient ionization techniques do not collect mutually supportive data, such as chromatographic retention times and/or UV/vis spectra, and this can limit the ability to identify certain metabolites, such as differentiating isomers. To overcome this, the droplet-liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (droplet-LMJ-SSP) was coupled with UPLC-PDA-HRMS-MS/MS, thus providing separation, retention times, MS data, and UV/vis data used in traditional dereplication protocols. By capturing these mutually supportive data, the identity of secondary metabolites can be confidently and rapidly assigned in situ. Using the droplet-LMJ-SSP, a protocol was constructed to analyze the secondary metabolite profile of fungal cultures without any sample preparation. The results demonstrate that fungal cultures can be dereplicated from the Petri dish, thus identifying secondary metabolites, including isomers, and confirming them against reference standards. Furthermore, heat maps, similar to mass spectrometry imaging, can be used to ascertain the location and relative concentration of secondary metabolites directly on the surface and/or surroundings of a fungal culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent
P. Sica
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic
and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic
and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix,
Inc., 505 Meadowlands
Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
- Tel: 336-334-5474. E-mail:
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212
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Luzzatto-Knaan T, Melnik AV, Dorrestein PC. Mass spectrometry tools and workflows for revealing microbial chemistry. Analyst 2015; 140:4949-66. [PMID: 25996313 PMCID: PMC5444374 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the time Van Leeuwenhoek was able to observe microbes through a microscope, an innovation that led to the birth of the field of microbiology, we have aimed to understand how microorganisms function, interact and communicate. The exciting progress in the development of analytical technologies and workflows has demonstrated that mass spectrometry is a very powerful technique for the interrogation of microbiology at the molecular level. In this review, we aim to highlight the available and emerging tools in mass spectrometry for microbial analysis by overviewing the methods and workflow advances for taxonomic identification, microbial interaction, dereplication and drug discovery. We emphasize their potential for future development and point out unsolved problems and future directions that would aid in the analysis of the chemistry produced by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Luzzatto-Knaan
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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213
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Abstract
Ambient ionization MS has become very popular in analytical science and has now evolved as an effective analytical tool in metabolomics, biological tissue imaging, protein and small molecule drug analysis, where biological samples are probed in a rapid and direct fashion with minimal sample preparation at ambient conditions. However, certain inherent challenges continue to hinder the vibrant prospects of these methods for in situ analyses or to replace conventional methods in bioanalysis. This review provides an introduction to the field and its application in bioanalysis, with an emphasis on the most recent developments and applications. Furthermore, ongoing challenges or limitations related to quantitation, sensitivity, selectivity, instrumentation and mass range of these ambient methods will also be discussed.
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214
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215
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Boone EJ, Laskin A, Laskin J, Wirth C, Shepson PB, Stirm BH, Pratt KA. Aqueous Processing of Atmospheric Organic Particles in Cloud Water Collected via Aircraft Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8523-30. [PMID: 26068538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cloudwater and below-cloud atmospheric particle samples were collected onboard a research aircraft during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) over a forested region of Alabama in June 2013. The organic molecular composition of the samples was studied to gain insights into the aqueous-phase processing of organic compounds within cloud droplets. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) and direct infusion electrospray ionization (ESI) were utilized to compare the organic composition of the particle and cloudwater samples, respectively. Isoprene and monoterpene-derived organosulfates and oligomers were identified in both the particles and cloudwater, showing the significant influence of biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation above the forested region. While the average O:C ratios of the organic compounds were similar between the atmospheric particle and cloudwater samples, the chemical composition of these samples was quite different. Specifically, hydrolysis of organosulfates and formation of nitrogen-containing compounds were observed for the cloudwater when compared to the atmospheric particle samples, demonstrating that cloud processing changes the composition of organic aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Boone
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- §Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | | | - Brian H Stirm
- ∇Department of Aviation Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kerri A Pratt
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- ○Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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216
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Otsuka Y, Naito J, Satoh S, Kyogaku M, Hashimoto H, Arakawa R. Imaging mass spectrometry of a mouse brain by tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization. Analyst 2015; 139:2336-41. [PMID: 24683596 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Methods for ambient sampling and ionization enable chemical information to be obtained with minimal sample preparation. Also, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) enables the spatial distribution of multiple components to be determined by a single measurement. Here, we report an improved method of tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization (t-SPESI) for ambient sampling and ionization in which probe oscillation is stabilized by using a piezo actuator. We demonstrate negative-mode IMS of a mouse coronal brain section and show that, compared with desorption electrospray ionization, t-SPESI provides unique features in the mass spectra: signal enhancement of fatty acid and lipids, and formation of multivalent ions tentatively assigned to gangliosides. These results would indicate the capability for the generation of multiple types of ions with t-SPESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Otsuka
- Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 30-2 Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan.
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217
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218
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Kerian KS, Jarmusch AK, Cooks RG. Touch spray mass spectrometry for in situ analysis of complex samples. Analyst 2015; 139:2714-20. [PMID: 24756256 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Touch spray, a spray-based ambient in situ ionization method, uses a small probe, e.g. a teasing needle to pick up sample and the application of voltage and solvent to cause field-induced droplet emission. Compounds extracted from the microsample are incorporated into the sprayed micro droplets. Performance tests include disease state of tissue, microorganism identification, and therapeutic drug quantitation. Chemical derivatization is performed simultaneously with ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Kerian
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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219
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Imaging of lipids and metabolites using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25361670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is an ambient ionization technique that uses localized liquid extraction for mass spectrometry imaging of molecules on surfaces. Nano-DESI enables imaging of ionizable molecules from a sample in its native state without any special sample pretreatment. In this chapter we describe the protocol for nano-DESI imaging of thin tissue sections.
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220
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Rao W, Pan N, Yang Z. High Resolution Tissue Imaging Using the Single-probe Mass Spectrometry under Ambient Conditions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:986-993. [PMID: 25804891 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging field with great potential for the detailed spatial analysis of biological samples with minimal pretreatment. We have developed a miniaturized sampling and ionization device, the Single-probe, which uses in-situ surface micro-extraction to achieve high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution during MSI experiments. The Single-probe was coupled to a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer and was able to create high spatial and high mass resolution MS images at 8 ± 2 and 8.5 μm on flat polycarbonate microscope slides and mouse kidney sections, respectively, which are among the highest resolutions available for ambient MSI techniques. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicate that the Single-probe MSI technique has the potential to obtain ambient MS images with very high spatial resolutions with minimal sample preparation, which opens the possibility for subcellular ambient tissue MSI to be performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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221
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Klein AT, Yagnik GB, Hohenstein JD, Ji Z, Zi J, Reichert MD, MacIntosh GC, Yang B, Peters RJ, Vela J, Lee YJ. Investigation of the Chemical Interface in the Soybean-Aphid and Rice-Bacteria Interactions Using MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5294-301. [PMID: 25914940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology for high-resolution plant biology. It has been utilized to study plant-pest interactions, but limited to the surface interfaces. Here we expand the technology to explore the chemical interactions occurring inside the plant tissues. Two sample preparation methods, imprinting and fracturing, were developed and applied, for the first time, to visualize internal metabolites of leaves in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-MSI. This is also the first time nanoparticle-based ionization was implemented to ionize diterpenoid phytochemicals that were difficult to analyze with traditional organic matrices. The interactions between rice-bacterium and soybean-aphid were investigated as two model systems to demonstrate the capability of high-resolution MSI based on MALDI. Localized molecular information on various plant- or pest-derived chemicals provided valuable insight for the molecular processes occurring during the plant-pest interactions. Specifically, salicylic acid and isoflavone based resistance was visualized in the soybean-aphid system and antibiotic diterpenoids in rice-bacterium interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Klein
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gargey B Yagnik
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Zhiyuan Ji
- ⊥Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Malinda D Reichert
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | | | | | - Javier Vela
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Young Jin Lee
- †Department of Chemistry, ∥Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, and #Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- ‡Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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222
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O'Brien JT, Williams ER, Holman HYN. Ambient infrared laser ablation mass spectrometry (AIRLAB-MS) of live plant tissue with plume capture by continuous flow solvent probe. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2631-8. [PMID: 25622206 DOI: 10.1021/ac503383p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new experimental setup for spatially resolved ambient infrared laser ablation-mass spectrometry (AIRLAB-MS) that uses an infrared microscope with an infinity-corrected reflective objective and a continuous flow solvent probe coupled to a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer is described. The efficiency of material transfer from the sample to the electrospray ionization emitter was determined using glycerol/methanol droplets containing 1 mM nicotine and is ∼50%. This transfer efficiency is significantly higher than values reported for similar techniques. Laser desorption does not induce fragmentation of biomolecules in droplets containing bradykinin, leucine enkephalin and myoglobin, but loss of the heme group from myoglobin occurs as a result of the denaturing solution used. An application of AIRLAB-MS to biological materials is demonstrated for tobacco leaves. Chemical components are identified from the spatially resolved mass spectra of the ablated plant material, including nicotine and uridine. The reproducibility of measurements made using AIRLAB-MS on plant material was demonstrated by the ablation of six closely spaced areas (within 2 × 2 mm) on a young tobacco leaf, and the results indicate a standard deviation of <10% in the uridine signal obtained for each area. The spatial distribution of nicotine was measured for selected leaf areas and variation in the relative nicotine levels (15-100%) was observed. Comparative analysis of the nicotine distribution was demonstrated for two tobacco plant varieties, a genetically modified plant and its corresponding wild-type, indicating generally higher nicotine levels in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T O'Brien
- Ecology Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720-0001, United States
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223
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Meher AK, Chen YC. Polarization induced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of liquid, viscous and solid samples. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:444-450. [PMID: 25800179 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a polarization-induced electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was developed. A micro-sized sample droplet was deposited on a naturally available dielectric substrate such as a fruit or a stone, and then placed close to (~2 mm) the orifice of a mass spectrometer applied with a high voltage. Taylor cone was observed from the sample droplet, and a spray emitted from the cone apex was generated. The analyte ion signals derived from the droplet were obtained by the mass spectrometer. The ionization process is similar to that in ESI although no direct electric contact was applied on the sample site. The sample droplet polarized by the high electric field provided by the mass spectrometer initiated the ionization process. The dielectric sample loading substrate facilitated further the polarization process, resulting in the formation of Taylor cone. The mass spectral profiles obtained via this approach resembled those obtained using ESI-MS. Multiply charged ions dominated the mass spectra of peptides and proteins, whereas singly charged ions dominated the mass spectra of small molecules such as amino acids and small organic molecules. In addition to liquid samples, this approach can be used for the analysis of solid and viscous samples. A small droplet containing suitable solvent (5-10 µl) was directly deposited on the surface of the solid (or viscous) sample, placed close the orifice of mass spectrometer applied with a high voltage. Taylor cone derived from the droplet was immediately formed followed by electrospray processes to generate gas-phase ions for MS analysis. Analyte ions derived from the main ingredients of pharmaceutical tablets and viscous ointment can be extracted into the solvent droplet in situ and observed using a mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Meher
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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224
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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225
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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226
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Kurczy ME, Zhu ZJ, Ivanisevic J, Schuyler AM, Lalwani K, Santidrian AF, David JM, Giddabasappa A, Roberts AJ, Olivos HJ, O'Brien PJ, Franco L, Fields MW, Paris LP, Friedlander M, Johnson CH, Epstein AA, Gendelman HE, Wood MR, Felding BH, Patti GJ, Spilker ME, Siuzdak G. Comprehensive bioimaging with fluorinated nanoparticles using breathable liquids. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5998. [PMID: 25601659 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorocarbons are lipophobic and non-polar molecules that exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, with applications in liquid ventilation and synthetic blood. The unique properties of these compounds have also enabled mass spectrometry imaging of tissues where the fluorocarbons act as a Teflon-like coating for nanostructured surfaces to assist in desorption/ionization. Here we report fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) designed to facilitate nanostructure imaging mass spectrometry. Irradiation of f-AuNPs results in the release of the fluorocarbon ligands providing a driving force for analyte desorption. The f-AuNPs allow for the mass spectrometry analysis of both lipophilic and polar (central carbon) metabolites. An important property of AuNPs is that they also act as contrast agents for X-ray microtomography and electron microscopy, a feature we have exploited by infusing f-AuNPs into tissue via fluorocarbon liquids to facilitate multimodal (molecular and anatomical) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kurczy
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Adam M Schuyler
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Kush Lalwani
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Antonio F Santidrian
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - John M David
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anand Giddabasappa
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Hernando J Olivos
- Waters Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA
| | - Peter J O'Brien
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lauren Franco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Liliana P Paris
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Martin Friedlander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Adrian A Epstein
- The Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- The Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5880, USA
| | - Malcolm R Wood
- The Core Microscopy Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brunhilde H Felding
- Departments of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA [2] Departments Genetics and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10724 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- 1] Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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227
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Almeida R, Berzina Z, Arnspang EC, Baumgart J, Vogt J, Nitsch R, Ejsing CS. Quantitative spatial analysis of the mouse brain lipidome by pressurized liquid extraction surface analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1749-56. [PMID: 25548943 DOI: 10.1021/ac503627z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel surface sampling technique termed pressurized liquid extraction surface analysis (PLESA), which in combination with a dedicated high-resolution shotgun lipidomics routine enables both quantification and in-depth structural characterization of molecular lipid species extracted directly from tissue sections. PLESA uses a sealed and pressurized sampling probe that enables the use of chloroform-containing extraction solvents for efficient in situ lipid microextraction with a spatial resolution of 400 μm. Quantification of lipid species is achieved by the inclusion of internal lipid standards in the extraction solvent. The analysis of lipid microextracts by nanoelectrospray ionization provides long-lasting ion spray which in conjunction with a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometer enables identification and quantification of molecular lipid species using a method with successive polarity shifting, high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), and fragmentation analysis. We benchmarked the performance of the PLESA approach for in-depth lipidome analysis by comparing it to conventional lipid extraction of excised tissue homogenates and by mapping the spatial distribution and molar abundance of 170 molecular lipid species across different anatomical mouse brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Almeida
- VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense, Denmark
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228
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Tibavinsky IA, Kottke PA, Fedorov AG. Microfabricated ultrarapid desalting device for nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:351-6. [PMID: 25490085 PMCID: PMC4287832 DOI: 10.1021/ac5040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt removal is a prerequisite for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of biological samples. Rapid desalting and a low volume connection to an electrospray tip are required for time-resolved measurements. We have developed a microfabricated desalting device that meets both requirements, thus providing the foundational technology piece for transient ESI-MS measurements of complex biological liquid specimens. In the microfabricated device, the sample flows in a channel separated from a higher flow rate, salt-free counter solution by a monolithically integrated nanoporous alumina membrane, which can support pressure differences between the flow channels of over 600 kPa. Salt is removed by exploiting the large difference in diffusivities between salts and the typical ESI-MS target bioanalytes, e.g., peptides and proteins. We demonstrate the capability to remove 95% of salt from a sample solution in ∼1 s while retaining sufficiently high concentration of a relatively low molecular weight protein, cytochrome-c, for ESI-MS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Tibavinsky
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering
& Biosciences, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Peter A. Kottke
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering
& Biosciences, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Andrei G. Fedorov
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering
& Biosciences, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
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229
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Wang B, Dearring CL, Wager-Miller J, Mackie K, Trimpin S. Drug detection and quantification directly from tissue using novel ionization methods for mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:201-10. [PMID: 26307700 PMCID: PMC4762651 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Solvent assisted ionization inlet (SAII) and matrix assisted ionization vacuum (MAIV) were used to quantify rapidly an antipsychotic drug, clozapine, directly from surfaces with minimal sample preparation. This simple surface analysis method based on SAII- and MAIV-mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to allow the detection of endogenous lipids, metabolites, and clozapine directly from sections of mouse brain tissue. A rapid surface assessment was achieved by SAII with the assistance of heat applied to the mass spectrometer inlet. MAIV provided an improved reproducibility without the need of a heated inlet. In addition, isotope dilution and standard addition were used without sample clean-up, and the results correlate well with liquid chromatography tandem MS using sample work-up. Using the simple surface methods, standard solutions containing clozapine and a deuterated internal standard (clozapine-d8) at different concentration ratios were used in the extraction and quantification of clozapine from brain tissue sections of a drug-treated mouse using different tissue thicknesses. The amount of clozapine extracted by these surface methods was independent of tissue thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.
| | | | - James Wager-Miller
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405.
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405.
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
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230
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Zhong X, Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Ambient in situ analysis and imaging of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic thin layer chromatography plates by electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct coupling of ESTASI-MS with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic TLC for ambient in situ analysis and imaging with ultralow sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhong
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Chemistry Department
- Fudan University
- 200433 Shanghai
- China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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231
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232
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Lin P, Liu J, Shilling JE, Kathmann SM, Laskin J, Laskin A. Molecular characterization of brown carbon (BrC) chromophores in secondary organic aerosol generated from photo-oxidation of toluene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23312-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02563j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BrC chromophores of toluene SOA have been identified using the HPLC–UV/Vis–ESI/HRMS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Jiumeng Liu
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - John E. Shilling
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Shawn M. Kathmann
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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233
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Wang B, O’Brien RE, Kelly ST, Shilling JE, Moffet RC, Gilles MK, Laskin A. Reactivity of Liquid and Semisolid Secondary Organic Carbon with Chloride and Nitrate in Atmospheric Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4498-508. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510336q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354 United States
| | - Rachel E. O’Brien
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Stephen T. Kelly
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John E. Shilling
- Atmospheric
Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ryan C. Moffet
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Mary K. Gilles
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354 United States
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234
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Trimpin S, Wang B. Inlet and Vacuum Ionization from Ambient Conditions. AMBIENT IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782628026-00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that laser ablation of a common MALDI matrix at atmospheric pressure without use of a voltage produced ions with nearly identical charge states to ESI led to a series of new ionization methods that we have given the general term inlet and vacuum ionization. The initial thought that the laser was necessary for matrix-assisted ionization gave way to ionization requiring a heated inlet with a pressure-drop region and then to a matrix that could be a solvent or no matrix. This in turn led to laser ablation in vacuum producing multiply charged ions without an inlet, and finally to the present where we have found matrices that lift molecules into the gas phase as ions without any external energy source. Our mechanistic view of this new ionization process developed into ionization methods for use in mass spectrometry will be discussed. These methods are simple to use, safe, robust, and sensitive. Several approaches for high-throughput analyses of compounds irrespective of their molecular weight will be presented using low- and high-performance mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Trimpin
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry Detroit, MI USA
| | - Beixi Wang
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry Detroit, MI USA
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235
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Three-dimensional imaging of lipids and metabolites in tissues by nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2063-71. [PMID: 25395201 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of tissue sections is a new frontier in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Here, we report on fast 3D imaging of lipids and metabolites associated with mouse uterine decidual cells and embryo at the implantation site on day 6 of pregnancy. 2D imaging of 16-20 serial tissue sections deposited on the same glass slide was performed using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI)-an ambient ionization technique that enables sensitive localized analysis of analytes on surfaces without special sample pretreatment. In this proof-of-principle study, nano-DESI was coupled to a high-resolution Q-Exactive instrument operated at high repetition rate of >5 Hz with moderate mass resolution of 35,000 (m/Δm at m/z 200), which enabled acquisition of the entire 3D image with a spatial resolution of ∼150 μm in less than 4.5 h. The results demonstrate localization of acetylcholine in the primary decidual zone (PDZ) of the implantation site throughout the depth of the tissue examined, indicating an important role of this signaling molecule in decidualization. Choline and phosphocholine-metabolites associated with cell growth-are enhanced in the PDZ and abundant in other cellular regions of the implantation site. Very different 3D distributions were obtained for fatty acids (FA), oleic acid and linoleic acid (FA 18:1 and FA 18:2), differing only by one double bond. Localization of FA 18:2 in the PDZ indicates its important role in decidualization while FA 18:1 is distributed more evenly throughout the tissue. In contrast, several lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) observed in this study show donut-like distributions with localization around the PDZ. Complementary distributions with minimal overlap were observed for LPC 18:0 and FA 18:2 while the 3D image of the potential precursor phosphatidylcholine 36:2 (PC 36:2) showed a significant overlap with both LPC 18:0 and FA 18:2.
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236
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Kertesz V, Weiskittel TM, Van Berkel GJ. An enhanced droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling system coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for spatially resolved analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2117-25. [PMID: 25377777 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for spatially resolved analysis provides the possibility of effective analysis of complex matrix samples and can provide a greater degree of chemical information from a single spot sample than is typically possible with a direct analysis of an extract. Described here is the setup and enhanced capabilities of a discrete droplet liquid microjunction surface sampling system employing a commercially available CTC PAL autosampler. The system enhancements include incorporation of a laser distance sensor enabling unattended analysis of samples and sample locations of dramatically disparate height as well as reliably dispensing just 0.5 μL of extraction solvent to make the liquid junction to the surface, wherein the extraction spot size was confined to an area about 0.7 mm in diameter; software modifications improving the spatial resolution of sampling spot selection from 1.0 to 0.1 mm; use of an open bed tray system to accommodate samples as large as whole-body rat thin tissue sections; and custom sample/solvent holders that shorten sampling time to approximately 1 min per sample. The merit of these new features was demonstrated by spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectral detection of pharmaceuticals and metabolites from whole-body rat thin tissue sections and razor blade ("crude") cut mouse tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA,
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237
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Jin DQ, Zhu Y, Fang Q. Swan Probe: A Nanoliter-Scale and High-Throughput Sampling Interface for Coupling Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Microfluidic Droplet Array and Multiwell Plate. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10796-803. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Qiong Jin
- Institute
of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Institute
of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qun Fang
- Institute
of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key
Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of
China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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238
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Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA, Roach P, Eckert P, Gilles MK, Wang B, Lee HJJ, Hu Q. Molecular selectivity of brown carbon chromophores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12047-12055. [PMID: 25233355 DOI: 10.1021/es503432r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complementary methods of high-resolution mass spectrometry and microspectroscopy were utilized for molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from ozonolysis of two structural monoterpene isomers: D-limonene SOA (LSOA) and α-pinene SOA (PSOA). The LSOA compounds readily formed adducts with Na(+) under electrospray ionization conditions, with only a small fraction of compounds detected in the protonated form. In contrast, a significant fraction of PSOA compounds appeared in the protonated form because of their increased molecular rigidity. Laboratory simulated aging of LSOA and PSOA, through conversion of carbonyls into imines mediated by NH3 vapors in humid air, resulted in selective browning of the LSOA sample, while the PSOA sample remained white. Comparative analysis of the reaction products in the aged LSOA and PSOA samples provided insights into chemistry relevant to formation of brown carbon chromophores. A significant fraction of carbonyl-imine conversion products with identical molecular formulas was detected in both samples. This reflects the high level of similarity in the molecular composition of these two closely related SOA materials. Several highly conjugated products were detected exclusively in the brown LSOA sample and were identified as potential chromophores responsible for the observed color change. The majority of the unique products in the aged LSOA sample with the highest number of double bonds contain two nitrogen atoms. We conclude that chromophores characteristic of the carbonyl-imine chemistry in LSOA are highly conjugated oligomers of secondary imines (Schiff bases) present at relatively low concentrations. Formation of this type of conjugated compounds in PSOA is hindered by the structural rigidity of the α-pinene oxidation products. Our results suggest that the overall light-absorbing properties of SOA may be determined by trace amounts of strong brown carbon chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division and ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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239
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Tao S, Lu X, Levac N, Bateman AP, Nguyen TB, Bones DL, Nizkorodov SA, Laskin J, Laskin A, Yang X. Molecular characterization of organosulfates in organic aerosols from Shanghai and Los Angeles urban areas by nanospray-desorption electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:10993-1001. [PMID: 25184338 DOI: 10.1021/es5024674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fine aerosol particles in the urban areas of Shanghai and Los Angeles were collected on days that were characterized by their stagnant air and high organic aerosol concentrations. They were analyzed by nanospray-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with high mass resolution (m/Δm = 100,000). Solvent mixtures of acetonitrile and water and acetonitrile and toluene were used to extract and ionize polar and nonpolar compounds, respectively. A diverse mixture of oxygenated hydrocarbons, organosulfates, organonitrates, and organics with reduced nitrogen were detected in the Los Angeles sample. A majority of the organics in the Shanghai sample were detected as organosulfates. The dominant organosulfates that were detected at two locations have distinctly different molecular characteristics. Specifically, the organosulfates in the Los Angeles sample were dominated by biogenic products, while the organosulfates of a yet unknown origin found in the Shanghai sample had distinctive characteristics of long aliphatic carbon chains and low degrees of oxidation and unsaturation. The use of the acetonitrile and toluene solvent facilitated the observation of this type of organosulfates, which suggests that they could have been missed in previous studies that relied on sample extraction using common polar solvents. The high molecular weight and low degree of unsaturation and oxidization of the uncommon organosulfates suggest that they may act as surfactants and plausibly affect the surface tension and hygroscopicity of atmospheric particles. We propose that direct esterification of carbonyl or hydroxyl compounds by sulfates or sulfuric acid in the liquid phase could be the formation pathway of these special organosulfates. Long-chain alkanes from vehicle emissions might be their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikang Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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240
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Pep2Path: automated mass spectrometry-guided genome mining of peptidic natural products. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003822. [PMID: 25188327 PMCID: PMC4154637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonribosomally and ribosomally synthesized bioactive peptides constitute a source of molecules of great biomedical importance, including antibiotics such as penicillin, immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, and cytostatics such as bleomycin. Recently, an innovative mass-spectrometry-based strategy, peptidogenomics, has been pioneered to effectively mine microbial strains for novel peptidic metabolites. Even though mass-spectrometric peptide detection can be performed quite fast, true high-throughput natural product discovery approaches have still been limited by the inability to rapidly match the identified tandem mass spectra to the gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of the corresponding compounds. With Pep2Path, we introduce a software package to fully automate the peptidogenomics approach through the rapid Bayesian probabilistic matching of mass spectra to their corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters. Detailed benchmarking of the method shows that the approach is powerful enough to correctly identify gene clusters even in data sets that consist of hundreds of genomes, which also makes it possible to match compounds from unsequenced organisms to closely related biosynthetic gene clusters in other genomes. Applying Pep2Path to a data set of compounds without known biosynthesis routes, we were able to identify candidate gene clusters for the biosynthesis of five important compounds. Notably, one of these clusters was detected in a genome from a different subphylum of Proteobacteria than that in which the molecule had first been identified. All in all, our approach paves the way towards high-throughput discovery of novel peptidic natural products. Pep2Path is freely available from http://pep2path.sourceforge.net/, implemented in Python, licensed under the GNU General Public License v3 and supported on MS Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.
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241
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Hsu CC, Dorrestein PC. Visualizing life with ambient mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 31:24-34. [PMID: 25146170 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), many other ionization methods for ambient and atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry have been developed. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has now been used for a wide variety of biological applications, including plant science, microbiology, neuroscience, and cancer pathology. Multimodal integration of atmospheric ionization sources with the other biotechnologies, as well as high performance computational methods for mass spectrometry data processing is one of the major emerging area's for ambient mass spectrometry. In this opinion article, we will highlight some of the most influential technological advances of ambient mass spectrometry in recent years and their applications to the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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242
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de Rond T, Danielewicz M, Northen T. High throughput screening of enzyme activity with mass spectrometry imaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 31:1-9. [PMID: 25129648 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has found a diversity of applications ranging from localizing metabolites and proteins in tissues to investigating microbial interactions, and as a result is perhaps the fastest growing subfield of mass spectrometry. Advances in surface mass spectrometry technologies are equally applicable to the analysis of arrayed samples. One promising field in which this capacity has been leveraged is the high-throughput analysis of enzyme activity, an important step in the development of a wide range of biotechnologies. This review article describes several emerging approaches that seek to improve the quality and scope of this application of MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan de Rond
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Megan Danielewicz
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Trent Northen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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243
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Hartmanová L, Fryčák P, Soural M, Tureček F, Havlíček V, Lemr K. Ion internal energy, salt tolerance and a new technical improvement of desorption nanoelectrospray. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:750-754. [PMID: 25044903 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hartmanová
- RCPTM, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17.listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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244
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Emerging mass spectrometry techniques for the direct analysis of microbial colonies. Curr Opin Microbiol 2014; 19:120-129. [PMID: 25064218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the emerging areas in microbiology is detecting specialized metabolites produced by microbial colonies and communities with mass spectrometry. In this review/perspective, we illustrate the emerging mass spectrometry methodologies that enable the interrogation of specialized metabolites directly from microbial colonies. Mass spectrometry techniques such as imaging mass spectrometry and real-time mass spectrometry allow two and three-dimensional visualization of the distribution of metabolites, often with minimal sample pretreatment. The speed in which molecules are captured using these methods requires the development of new molecular visualization tools such as molecular networking. Together, these tools are beginning to provide unprecedented insight into the chemical world that microbes experience.
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245
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Hamid AM, Jarmusch AK, Pirro V, Pincus DH, Clay BG, Gervasi G, Cooks RG. Rapid discrimination of bacteria by paper spray mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7500-7. [PMID: 25014713 DOI: 10.1021/ac501254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Paper spray mass spectrometry ambient ionization is utilized for rapid discrimination of bacteria without sample preparation. Bacterial colonies were smeared onto filter paper precut to a sharp point, then wetted with solvent and held at a high potential. Charged droplets released by field emission were sucked into the mass spectrometer inlet and mass spectra were recorded. Sixteen different species representing eight different genera from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. Phospholipids were the predominant species observed in the mass spectra in both the negative and positive ion modes. Multivariate data analysis based on principal component analysis, followed by linear discriminant analysis, allowed bacterial discrimination. The lipid information in the negative ion mass spectra proved useful for species level differentiation of the investigated Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were differentiated at the species level by using a numerical data fusion strategy of positive and negative ion mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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246
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Lanekoff I, Stevens SL, Stenzel-Poore MP, Laskin J. Matrix effects in biological mass spectrometry imaging: identification and compensation. Analyst 2014; 139:3528-32. [PMID: 24802717 PMCID: PMC4078919 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix effects in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) may affect the observed molecular distribution in chemical and biological systems. In this study, we use mouse brain tissue of a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model to examine matrix effects in nanospray desorption electrospray ionization MSI (nano-DESI MSI). This is achieved by normalizing the intensity of the sodium and potassium adducts of endogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) species to the intensity of the corresponding adduct of the PC standard supplied at a constant rate with the nano-DESI solvent. The use of MCAO model with an ischemic region localized to one hemisphere of the brain enables immediate comparison of matrix effects within one ion image. Furthermore, significant differences in sodium and potassium concentrations in the ischemic region in comparison with the healthy tissue allowed us to distinguish between two types of matrix effects. Specifically, we discuss matrix effects originating from variations in alkali metal concentrations and matrix effects originating from variations in the molecular composition of the tissue. Compensation for both types of matrix effects was achieved by normalizing the signals corresponding to endogenous PC to the signals of the standards. This approach, which does not introduce any complexity in sample preparation, efficiently compensates for signal variations resulting from differences in the local concentrations of sodium and potassium in tissue sections and from the complexity of the extracted analyte mixture derived from local variations in molecular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Lanekoff
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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247
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Sampling reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision, and extraction efficiency in droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1553-60. [PMID: 24861607 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Droplet-based liquid extraction approaches for spatially resolved surface sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) provide the ability to deal with complex sample matrices and to identify isomeric compounds not distinguishable by MS methods alone. Improvements in sampling reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision and extraction efficiency are required to further the analytical utility of such sampling systems. METHODS An autosampler capable of droplet-based liquid extraction was coupled with an HPLC/MS system. Visual inspection of the junction formation between the probe and a glass surface allowed evaluation of the liquid junction formation reliability, spatial location and size as a function of variable parameters such as solvent composition, probe-to-surface distance and droplet volume during solvent dispense and aspiration. Quantitative analysis of a component from a model surface using a weak extraction solvent was used to evaluate the effect of extraction time and number of extraction cycles on analyte extraction efficiency. RESULTS Reliable junction formation, independent of other variable parameters, was realized simply by maintaining a maximum distance of 0.4 mm between the probe and the sample surface. The smallest liquid junction diameter (1.6 mm) was observed when using a 1 μL dispensed volume and 90% aqueous extraction solvent with either methanol or acetonitrile. Good sampling precision was always achieved using an extraction solvent with at least 50% methanol or acetonitrile by volume. Quantitative sampling of rhodamine B from a magenta Sharpie ink surface using a weak extraction solvent showed that extraction efficiency could be improved by increasing the extraction time or the number of extraction cycles. CONCLUSIONS A platform employing a commercially available autosampler coupled to HPLC/MS was developed and successfully applied to investigate the effect of different sampling parameters on the reliability, spatial resolution, spatial precision and extraction efficiency of the liquid junction surface sampling process. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA
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248
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Nie H, Dong C, Li Z, Zheng Z, Bai Y, Liu H, Zhao J. Study on Variation of Lipids during Different Growth Phases of Living Cyanobacteria Using Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7096-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501596v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Liu
- State
Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Analytical
Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Dong
- State
Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggao Zheng
- State
Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State
Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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249
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Lorenz M, Ovchinnikova OS, Van Berkel GJ. Fully automated laser ablation liquid capture surface analysis using nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1312-1320. [PMID: 24760572 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laser ablation provides for the possibility of sampling a large variety of surfaces with high spatial resolution. This type of sampling when employed in conjunction with liquid capture followed by nanoelectrospray ionization provides the opportunity for sensitive and prolonged interrogation of samples by mass spectrometry as well as the ability to analyze surfaces not amenable to direct liquid extraction. METHODS A fully automated, reflection geometry, laser ablation liquid capture spot sampling system was achieved by incorporating appropriate laser fiber optics and a focusing lens into a commercially available, liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA(®))-ready Advion TriVersa NanoMate system. RESULTS Under optimized conditions about 10% of laser-ablated material could be captured in a droplet positioned vertically over the ablation region using the NanoMate robot-controlled pipette. The sampling spot size area with this laser ablation liquid capture surface analysis (LA/LCSA) mode of operation (typically about 120 µm × 160 µm) was approximately 50 times smaller than that achievable by direct liquid extraction using LESA(®) (ca 1 mm diameter liquid extraction spot). The setup was successfully applied for the analysis of ink on glass and paper as well as the endogenous components in Alstroemeria Yellow King flower petals. In a second mode of operation with a comparable sampling spot size, termed laser ablation/LESA(®), the laser system was used to drill through, penetrate, or otherwise expose material beneath a solvent resistant surface. Once drilled, LESA(®) was effective in sampling soluble material exposed at that location on the surface. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating the capability for different laser ablation liquid capture spot sampling modes of operation into a LESA(®)-ready Advion TriVersa NanoMate enhanced the spot sampling spatial resolution of this device and broadened the surface types amenable to analysis to include absorbent and solvent-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lorenz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
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250
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Feng B, Zhang J, Chang C, Li L, Li M, Xiong X, Guo C, Tang F, Bai Y, Liu H. Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Plasma Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Its Applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4164-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Feng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cuilan Chang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liping Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Chengan Guo
- Department
of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department
of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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